101
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Chen Q, Lu J, Zhang X, Sun Y, Chen W, Li X, Zhang W, Qing Z, Zhang B. Alterations in Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Individuals With Subjective Cognitive Decline. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:646017. [PMID: 33613274 PMCID: PMC7886811 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.646017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) and static parameters of graph theory in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and the associations of DFC and topological properties with cognitive performance. Methods: Thirty-three control subjects and 32 SCD individuals were enrolled in this study, and neuropsychological evaluations and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning were performed. Thirty-three components were selected by group independent component analysis to construct 7 functional networks. Based on the sliding window approach and k-means clustering, distinct DFC states were identified. We calculated the temporal properties of fractional windows in each state, the mean dwell time in each state, and the number of transitions between each pair of DFC states. The global and local static parameters were assessed by graph theory analysis. The differences in DFC and topological metrics, and the associations of the altered neuroimaging measures with cognitive performance were assessed. Results: The whole cohort demonstrated 4 distinct connectivity states. Compared to the control group, the SCD group showed increased fractional windows and an increased mean dwell time in state 4, characterized by hypoconnectivity both within and between networks. The SCD group also showed decreased fractional windows and a decreased mean dwell time in state 2, dominated by hyperconnectivity within and between the auditory, visual and somatomotor networks. The number of transitions between state 1 and state 2, between state 2 and state 3, and between state 2 and state 4 was significantly reduced in the SCD group compared to the control group. No significant differences in global or local topological metrics were observed. The altered DFC properties showed significant correlations with cognitive performance. Conclusion: Our findings indicated DFC network reconfiguration in the SCD stage, which may underlie the early cognitive decline in SCD subjects and serve as sensitive neuroimaging biomarkers for the preclinical detection of individuals with incipient Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Qing
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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102
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Shigemoto Y, Sone D, Okita K, Maikusa N, Yamao T, Kimura Y, Suzuki F, Fujii H, Kato K, Sato N, Matsuda H. Gray matter structural networks related to 18F-THK5351 retention in cognitively normal older adults and Alzheimer's disease patients. eNeurologicalSci 2021; 22:100309. [PMID: 33511292 PMCID: PMC7815816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2021.100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to examine the alterations in gray matter networks related to tau retention in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and cognitively normal (CN) older individuals. Methods Eighteen amyloid-positive AD patients and 30 age- and sex-matched amyloid-negative CN controls were enrolled. All underwent 3D T1-weighted MRI, amyloid positron-emission tomography imaging (PET) with 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB), and tau PET with 18F-THK5351. The structural networks extracted from the T1-weighted MRI data based on cortical similarities within single subjects were analyzed. Based on graph theoretical approach, global and local network properties across the whole brain were computed. Group comparisons of global and local network properties were evaluated between the groups. Then, we correlated the global and local network measures with total cerebral 18F-THK5351 retention. Results AD patients moved toward more randomized global network compared to controls and regional differences were observed in the default mode network (DMN) area. No significant correlations existed between global network properties and tau retention. On a local level, AD and controls showed opposite relationships between network properties and tau retention mainly in the DMN areas; CN controls showed positive correlations, whereas AD showed negative correlations. Conclusion We found opposite relationships between local network properties and tau retention between amyloid-positive AD patients and amyloid-negative controls. Our findings suggest that the presence of amyloid and induced exacerbated tau retention alter the relationship of local network properties and tau retention. Correlation of structural network properties and tau retention. Positive correlations between local network properties and tau retention in healthy elderly. Negative correlations between local network properties and tau retention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Shigemoto
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.,Cyclotron and Drug Discovery Research Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama 963-8052, Japan
| | - Daichi Sone
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Kyoji Okita
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.,Department of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Norihide Maikusa
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Tensho Yamao
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Yukio Kimura
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Fumio Suzuki
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujii
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.,Cyclotron and Drug Discovery Research Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama 963-8052, Japan
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Corriveau‐Lecavalier N, Duchesne S, Gauthier S, Hudon C, Kergoat M, Mellah S, Belleville S. A quadratic function of activation in individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 12:e12139. [PMID: 33521234 PMCID: PMC7817778 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain activation is hypothesized to form an inverse U-shape in prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD), with hyperactivation in the early phase, followed by hypoactivation. METHODS Using task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we tested the inverse U-shape hypothesis with polynomial regressions and between-group comparisons in individuals with subjective cognitive decline plus (SCD+; smaller hippocampal volumes compared to a group of healthy controls without SCD and/or apolipoprotein E [APOE] ε4 allele) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). RESULTS A quadratic function modeled the relationship between proxies of disease severity (neurodegeneration, memory performance) and left superior parietal activation. Linear negative functions modeled the relationship between neurodegeneration and left hippocampal/right inferior temporal activation. Group comparison indicated presence of hyperactivation in SCD+ and hypoactivation in MCI in the left superior parietal lobule, relative to healthy controls. DISCUSSION These findings support the presence of an inverse U-shape model of activation and suggest that hyperactivation might represent a biomarker of the early AD stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Corriveau‐Lecavalier
- Research CenterInstitut universitaire de gériatrie de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Department of PsychologyUniversité de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Simon Duchesne
- CERVO Research CenterQuebec CityCanada
- Department of RadiologyUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
- Institut universitaire en santé mentaleQuebec CityCanada
| | - Serge Gauthier
- Douglas Hospital Research CenterMontrealCanada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in AgingMontrealCanada
| | - Carol Hudon
- CERVO Research CenterQuebec CityCanada
- École de psychologieUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
| | | | - Samira Mellah
- Research CenterInstitut universitaire de gériatrie de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Research CenterInstitut universitaire de gériatrie de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Department of PsychologyUniversité de MontréalMontrealCanada
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Indication of retrograde tau spreading along Braak stages and functional connectivity pathways. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:2272-2282. [PMID: 33462630 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tau pathology progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is explained through the network degeneration hypothesis and the neuropathological Braak stages; however, the compatibility of these models remains unclear. METHODS We utilized [18F]AV-1451 tau-PET scans of 39 subjects with AD and 39 sex-matched amyloid-negative healthy controls (HC) in the ADNI (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) dataset. The peak cluster of tau-tracer uptake was identified in each Braak stage of neuropathological tau deposition and used to create a seed-based functional connectivity network (FCN) using 198 HC subjects, to identify healthy networks unaffected by neurodegeneration. RESULTS Voxel-wise tau deposition was both significantly higher inside relative to outside FCNs and correlated significantly and positively with levels of healthy functional connectivity. Within many isolated Braak stages and regions, the correlation between tau and intrinsic functional connectivity was significantly stronger than it was across the whole brain. In this way, each peak cluster of tau was related to multiple Braak stages traditionally associated with both earlier and later stages of disease. CONCLUSION We show specificity of healthy FCN topography for AD-pathological tau as well as positive voxel-by-voxel correlations between pathological tau and healthy functional connectivity. We propose a model of "up- and downstream" functional tau progression, suggesting that tau pathology evolves along functional connectivity networks not only "downstream" (i.e., along the expected sequence of the established Braak stages) but also in part "upstream" or "retrograde" (i.e., against the expected sequence of the established Braak stages), with pathology in earlier Braak stages intensified by its functional relationship to later disease stages.
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105
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Iaccarino L, La Joie R, Edwards L, Strom A, Schonhaut DR, Ossenkoppele R, Pham J, Mellinger T, Janabi M, Baker SL, Soleimani-Meigooni D, Rosen HJ, Miller BL, Jagust WJ, Rabinovici GD. Spatial Relationships between Molecular Pathology and Neurodegeneration in the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:1-14. [PMID: 32808011 PMCID: PMC7727356 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the spatial relationships of β-amyloid (Aβ), tau, and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) could provide insight into pathogenesis and clinical trial design. We included 81 amyloid-positive patients (age 64.4 ± 9.5) diagnosed with AD dementia or mild cognitive impairment due to AD and available 11C-PiB (PIB), 18F-Flortaucipir (FTP),18F-FDG-PET, and 3T-MRI, and 31 amyloid-positive, cognitively normal participants (age 77.3 ± 6.5, no FDG-PET). W-score voxel-wise deviation maps were created and binarized for each imaging-modality (W > 1.64, P < 0.05) adjusting for age, sex, and total intracranial volume (sMRI-only) using amyloid-negative cognitively normal adults. For symptomatic patients, FDG-PET and atrophy W-maps were combined into neurodegeneration maps (ND). Aβ-pathology showed the greatest proportion of cortical gray matter suprathreshold voxels (spatial extent) for both symptomatic and asymptomatic participants (median 94-55%, respectively), followed by tau (79-11%) and neurodegeneration (41-3%). Amyloid > tau > neurodegeneration was the most frequent hierarchy for both groups (79-77%, respectively), followed by tau > amyloid > neurodegeneration (13-10%) and amyloid > neurodegeneration > tau (6-13%). For symptomatic participants, most abnormal voxels were PIB+/FTP+/ND- (median 35%), and the great majority of ND+ voxels (91%) colocalized with molecular pathology. Amyloid spatially exceeded tau and neurodegeneration, with individual heterogeneities. Molecular pathology and neurodegeneration showed a progressive overlap along AD course, indicating shared vulnerabilities or synergistic toxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Iaccarino
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lauren Edwards
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Amelia Strom
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel R Schonhaut
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Pham
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Taylor Mellinger
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mustafa Janabi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Suzanne L Baker
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David Soleimani-Meigooni
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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106
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Chen Q, Turnbull A, Baran TM, Lin FV. Longitudinal stability of medial temporal lobe connectivity is associated with tau-related memory decline. eLife 2020; 9:e62114. [PMID: 33382038 PMCID: PMC7803375 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and cognitive decline is an important topic in the aging research field. Recent studies suggest that memory deficits are more susceptible to phosphorylated tau (Ptau) than amyloid-beta. However, little is known regarding the neurocognitive mechanisms linking Ptau and memory-related decline. Here, we extracted data from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Ptau collected at baseline, diffusion tensor imaging measure twice, 2 year apart, and longitudinal memory data over 5 years. We defined three age- and education-matched groups: Ptau negative cognitively unimpaired, Ptau positive cognitively unimpaired, and Ptau positive individuals with mild cognitive impairment. We found the presence of CSF Ptau at baseline was related to a loss of structural stability in medial temporal lobe connectivity in a way that matched proposed disease progression, and this loss of stability in connections known to be important for memory moderated the relationship between Ptau accumulation and memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjing Chen
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Adam Turnbull
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
- Department of Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Timothy M Baran
- Department of Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of RochesterRochesterUnited States
| | - Feng V Lin
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of RochesterRochesterUnited States
- School of Medicine, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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107
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Sun W, Tang Y, Qiao Y, Ge X, Mather M, Ringman JM, Shi Y. A probabilistic atlas of locus coeruleus pathways to transentorhinal cortex for connectome imaging in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117301. [PMID: 32861791 PMCID: PMC7797167 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the latest Braak staging of Alzheimer's disease (AD), tau pathology occurs earliest in the brain in the locus coeruleus (LC) of the brainstem, then propagates to the transentorhinal cortex (TEC), and later to other neocortical regions. Recent animal and in vivo human brain imaging research also support the trans-axonal propagation of tau pathology. In addition, neurochemical studies link norepinephrine to behavioral symptoms in AD. It is thus critical to examine the integrity of the LC-TEC pathway in studying the early development of the disease, but there has been limited work in this direction. By leveraging the high-resolution and multi-shell diffusion MRI data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP), in this work we develop a novel method for the reconstruction of the LC-TEC pathway in a cohort of 40 HCP subjects carefully selected based on rigorous quality control of the residual distortion artifacts in the brainstem. A probabilistic atlas of the LC-TEC pathway of both hemispheres is then developed in the MNI152 space and distributed publicly on the NITRC website. To apply our atlas on clinical imaging data, we develop an automated approach to calculate the medial core of the LC-TEC pathway for localized analysis of connectivity changes. In a cohort of 138 subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), we demonstrate the detection of the decreased fiber integrity in the LC-TEC pathways with increasing disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles 90033, CA, USA
| | - Yuchun Tang
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles 90033, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuchuan Qiao
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles 90033, CA, USA
| | - Xinting Ge
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles 90033, CA, USA
| | - Mara Mather
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John M. Ringman
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yonggang Shi
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles 90033, CA, USA
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108
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Regional Tau Effects on Prospective Cognitive Change in Cognitively Normal Older Adults. J Neurosci 2020; 41:366-375. [PMID: 33219003 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2111-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest that tau deposition starts in the anterolateral entorhinal cortex (EC) with normal aging, and that the presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) facilitates its spread to neocortex, which may reflect the beginning of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Functional connectivity between the anterolateral EC and the anterior-temporal (AT) memory network appears to drive higher tau deposition in AT than in the posterior-medial (PM) memory network. Here, we investigated whether this differential vulnerability to tau deposition may predict different cognitive consequences of EC, AT, and PM tau. Using 18F-flortaucipir (FTP) and 11C-Pittsburgh compound-B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, we measured tau and Aβ in 124 cognitively normal human older adults (74 females, 50 males) followed for an average of 2.8 years for prospective cognition. We found that higher FTP in all three regions was individually related to faster memory decline, and that the effects of AT and PM FTP, but not EC, were driven by Aβ+ individuals. Moreover, when we included all three FTP measures competitively in the same model, only AT FTP significantly predicted memory decline. Our data support a model whereby tau, facilitated by Aβ, transits from EC to cortical regions that are most closely associated with the anterolateral EC, which specifically affects memory in the initial stage of AD. Memory also appears to be affected by EC tau in the absence of Aβ, which may be less clinically consequential. These findings may provide clarification of differences between normal aging and AD, and elucidate the transition between the two stages.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Tau and β-amyloid (Aβ) are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but are also found in cognitively normal people. It is unclear whether, and how, this early deposition of tau and Aβ may affect cognition in normal aging and the asymptomatic stage of AD. We show that tau deposition in the entorhinal cortex (EC), which is common in advanced age, predicts memory decline in older adults independent of Aβ, likely reflecting normal, age-related memory loss. In contrast, tau in anterior-temporal (AT) regions is most predictive of memory decline in Aβ+ individuals. These data support the idea that tau preferentially spreads to specific cortical regions, likely through functional connections, which plays a primary role in memory decline in the early stage of AD.
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Spanos F, Liddelow SA. An Overview of Astrocyte Responses in Genetically Induced Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models. Cells 2020; 9:E2415. [PMID: 33158189 PMCID: PMC7694249 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Despite many years of intense research, there is currently still no effective treatment. Multiple cell types contribute to disease pathogenesis, with an increasing body of data pointing to the active participation of astrocytes. Astrocytes play a pivotal role in the physiology and metabolic functions of neurons and other cells in the central nervous system. Because of their interactions with other cell types, astrocyte functions must be understood in their biologic context, thus many studies have used mouse models, of which there are over 190 available for AD research. However, none appear able to fully recapitulate the many functional changes in astrocytes reported in human AD brains. Our review summarizes the observations of astrocyte biology noted in mouse models of familial and sporadic AD. The limitations of AD mouse models will be discussed and current attempts to overcome these disadvantages will be described. With increasing understanding of the non-neuronal contributions to disease, the development of new methods and models will provide further insights and address important questions regarding the roles of astrocytes and other non-neuronal cells in AD pathophysiology. The next decade will prove to be full of exciting opportunities to address this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fokion Spanos
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Shane A. Liddelow
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Franzmeier N, Dewenter A, Frontzkowski L, Dichgans M, Rubinski A, Neitzel J, Smith R, Strandberg O, Ossenkoppele R, Buerger K, Duering M, Hansson O, Ewers M. Patient-centered connectivity-based prediction of tau pathology spread in Alzheimer's disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabd1327. [PMID: 33246962 PMCID: PMC7695466 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the Braak staging scheme suggests a stereotypical tau spreading pattern that does, however, not capture interindividual variability in tau deposition. This complicates the prediction of tau spreading, which may become critical for defining individualized tau-PET readouts in clinical trials. Since tau is assumed to spread throughout connected regions, we used functional connectivity to improve tau spreading predictions over Braak staging methods. We included two samples with longitudinal tau-PET from controls and AD patients. Cross-sectionally, we found connectivity of tau epicenters (i.e., regions with earliest tau) to predict estimated tau spreading sequences. Longitudinally, we found tau accumulation rates to correlate with connectivity strength to patient-specific tau epicenters. A connectivity-based, patient-centered tau spreading model improved the assessment of tau accumulation rates compared to Braak stage-specific readouts and reduced sample sizes by ~40% in simulated tau-targeting interventions. Thus, connectivity-based tau spreading models may show utility in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Anna Dewenter
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Frontzkowski
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Rubinski
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Neitzel
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruben Smith
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olof Strandberg
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katharina Buerger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Duering
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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111
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Hampton OL, Buckley RF, Manning LK, Scott MR, Properzi MJ, Peña-Gómez C, Jacobs HIL, Chhatwal JP, Johnson KA, Sperling RA, Schultz AP. Resting-state functional connectivity and amyloid burden influence longitudinal cortical thinning in the default mode network in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102407. [PMID: 32942175 PMCID: PMC7498941 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Proteinopathies are key elements in the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), with the nature and location of the proteinopathy characterizing much of the disease phenotype. Susceptibility of brain regions to pathology may partly be determined by intrinsic network structure and connectivity. It remains unknown, however, how these networks inform the disease cascade in the context of AD biomarkers, such as beta-amyloid (Aβ), in clinically-normal older adults.The default-mode network (DMN), a prominent intrinsic network, is heavily implicated in AD due to its spatial overlap with AD atrophy patterns and tau deposition. We investigated the influence of baseline Aβ positron emission tomography (PET) signal and intrinsic DMN connectivity on DMN-specific cortical thinning in 120 clinically-normal older adults from the Harvard Aging Brain Study (73 ± 6 years, 58% Female, CDR = 0). Participants underwent11C Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB) PET, 18F flortaucipir (FTP) PET, and resting-state MRI scans at baselineand longitudinal MRI (3.6 ± 0.96 scans; 5.04 ± 0.8 years). Linear mixed models tested relationships between baseline PiB and DMN connectivity on cortical thinning in a composite of DMN regions. Lower DMN connectivity was associated with faster cortical thinning, but only in those with elevated baseline PiB-PET signal. This relationship was network specific, in that the frontoparietal control network did not account for the observed association. Additionally, the relationship was independent of inferior temporal lobe FTP-PET signal. Our findings provide evidence that compromised DMN connectivity, in the context of preclinical AD, foreshadows neurodegeneration in DMN regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Hampton
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rachel F Buckley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Melbourne School of Psychological Science, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lyssa K Manning
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Matthew R Scott
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael J Properzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Cleofé Peña-Gómez
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, MA, USA; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmeer P Chhatwal
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, MA, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, MA, USA.
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112
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De La-Rocque S, Moretto E, Butnaru I, Schiavo G. Knockin' on heaven's door: Molecular mechanisms of neuronal tau uptake. J Neurochem 2020; 156:563-588. [PMID: 32770783 PMCID: PMC8432157 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since aggregates of the microtubule‐binding protein tau were found to be the main component of neurofibrillary tangles more than 30 years ago, their contribution to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and tauopathies has become well established. Recent work shows that both tau load and its distribution in the brain of AD patients correlate with cognitive decline more closely compared to amyloid plaque deposition. In addition, the amyloid cascade hypothesis has been recently challenged because of disappointing results of clinical trials designed to treat AD by reducing beta‐amyloid levels, thus fuelling a renewed interest in tau. There is now robust evidence to indicate that tau pathology can spread within the central nervous system via a prion‐like mechanism following a stereotypical pattern, which can be explained by the trans‐synaptic inter‐neuronal transfer of pathological tau. In the receiving neuron, tau has been shown to take multiple routes of internalisation, which are partially dependent on its conformation and aggregation status. Here, we review the emerging mechanisms proposed for the uptake of extracellular tau in neurons and the requirements for the propagation of its pathological conformers, addressing how they gain access to physiological tau monomers in the cytosol. Furthermore, we highlight some of the key mechanistic gaps of the field, which urgently need to be addressed to expand our understanding of tau propagation and lead to the identification of new therapeutic strategies for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha De La-Rocque
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edoardo Moretto
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ioana Butnaru
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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113
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Horie K, Barthélemy NR, Mallipeddi N, Li Y, Franklin EE, Perrin RJ, Bateman RJ, Sato C. Regional correlation of biochemical measures of amyloid and tau phosphorylation in the brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:149. [PMID: 32854776 PMCID: PMC7450927 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathologic change is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that consist of aggregated amyloid beta (Abeta) and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins (p-tau), respectively. Although the global relationship between Abeta and p-tau has been studied for decades, it is still unclear whether a regional correlation exists between Abeta and p-tau in the human brain. Recent studies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have suggested that tau phosphorylation at specific sites such as T217 is modified at an early stage of AD when amyloid plaques become detectable. We applied biochemical and mass spectrometry methods in human brain samples with and without Abeta plaque pathology to measure site-specific phosphorylation occupancies in soluble and insoluble tau. Our quantitative results identified multiple residues specifically hyper-phosphorylated in AD, including at sites T111, T153, S184 (or S185), T205, S208, T217, S262, and S285 in brain soluble tau. In contrast, the most enriched phosphorylated residues in brain insoluble tau were T111, S113, T153, T181, S199, S202, T205, T217, T231, S262, and S396. Tau phosphorylation occupancies in the insoluble fraction were relatively constant across brain regions, suggesting that tau has a consistent phosphorylation pattern once it has aggregated into NFTs. We did not find regional association between Abeta42 and insoluble tau. However, the phosphorylation profile of soluble tau in AD brain was highly correlated to that in AD CSF, which was analyzed in a previous study. We also found a higher regional association between total Abeta42 and soluble tau phosphorylation occupancy at residues T111, T153 and T217 in the brain. This study provides insights into regional interactions between amyloidosis and specific tau phosphorylated residues in the human brain and may explain the specific increases of tau species phosphorylation observed in AD CSF.
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114
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Kim HW, Hong J, Jeon JC. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. Front Neurol 2020; 11:927. [PMID: 32982937 PMCID: PMC7477392 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Despite this, clear pathophysiology for AD has not been confirmed, and effective treatments are still not available. As AD results in a complex disease process for cognitive decline, various theories have been suggested as the cause of AD. Recently, cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of AD, as well as contributing to vascular dementia. Cerebral SVD refers to a varied group of diseases that affect cerebral small arteries and microvessels. These can be seen as white matter hyperintensities, cerebral microbleeds, and lacunes on magnetic resonance imaging. Data from epidemiological and clinical-pathological studies have found evidence of the relationship between cerebral SVD and AD. This review aims to discuss the complex relationship between cerebral SVD and AD. Recent reports that evaluate the association between these diseases will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Won Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeongho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae Cheon Jeon
- Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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115
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Yan S, Zheng C, Paranjpe MD, Li J, Benzinger TL, Lu J, Zhou Y. Association of sex and APOE ε4 with brain tau deposition and atrophy in older adults with Alzheimer's disease. Theranostics 2020; 10:10563-10572. [PMID: 32929366 PMCID: PMC7482805 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the association of sex and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele with brain tau deposition and atrophy in older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) using quantitative 18F-AV-1451 positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Preprocessed 18F-AV-1451 tau PET, raw T1-weighted structural MR images, demographic information, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) measurements from 57 elderly individuals with AD were downloaded from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. An iteratively reblurred Van Cittert partial volume correction (PVC) method was applied to all preprocessed PET images. MRI images were used for PET spatial normalization and gray matter volume calculation. 18F-AV-1451 PET standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was calculated relative to the cerebellum gray matter. The effect of sex and APOE ε4 status on SUVR and gray matter volume were assessed at both region of interest (ROI) and voxelwise levels. Results: Female APOE ε4 carriers (FACs) had significant higher 18F-AV-1451 SUVRs in the lateral temporal, parietal, posterior cingulate, medial temporal, inferior temporal, entorhinal cortex, amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus regions, and exhibited smaller gray matter volumes in the posterior cingulate, medial temporal, inferior temporal and amygdala regions, as compared to the non-FACs (NFACs) comprised of female APOE ε4 non-carriers, male APOE ε4 carriers and male APOE ε4 non-carriers. Voxelwise analysis revealed forebrain and limbic clusters with greater 18F-AV-1451 SUVRs and lower gray matter volume between FACs compared to the NFACs. Negative correlations between ROI 18F-AV-1451 SUVRs and gray matter volumes were significant after adjusting for age and years of education. Conclusions: Among elderly individuals with AD, sex modified the effects of the APOE ε4 allele on region-specific tau deposition and gray matter volume. FACs had elevated brain region-specific tau PET SUVR and decreased gray matter volume in comparison to NFACs. The study provides a basis for the use of precision medicine in the diagnosis of AD and evaluation of therapeutics using 18F-AV-1451 PET and structural MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Yan
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chaojie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Manish D Paranjpe
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L.S. Benzinger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington in St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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116
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Simões-Pires EN, Ferreira ST, Linden R. Roles of glutamate receptors in a novel in vitro model of early, comorbid cerebrovascular, and Alzheimer's diseases. J Neurochem 2020; 156:539-552. [PMID: 32683713 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic multimorbidity is highly prevalent in the elderly and, remarkably, coexisting neuropathological markers of Alzheimer's (AD) and cerebrovascular (CVD) diseases are found at autopsy in most brains of patients clinically diagnosed as AD. Little is known on neurodegeneration peculiar to comorbidities, especially at early stages when pathogenesis may propagate at subclinical levels. We developed a novel in vitro model of comorbid CVD/AD in organotypic hippocampal cultures, by combining oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and exposure to amyloid-Aβ oligomers (AβOs), both applied at levels subtoxic to neurons when used in isolation. We focused on synaptic proteins and the roles of glutamate receptors, which have been implicated in many basic and clinical approaches to either CVD or AD. Subtoxic insults by OGD and AβOs synergized to reduce levels of synaptophysin (SYP) and PSD-95 without cell death, while effects of antagonists of either metabotropic or ionotropic glutamate receptors were distinct from reports in models of isolated CVD or AD. In particular, modulation of glutamate receptors differentially impacted SYP and PSD-95, and antagonists of a single receptor subtype had distinct effects when either isolated or combined. Our findings highlight the complexity of CVD/AD comorbidity, help understand variable responses to glutamate receptor antagonists in patients diagnosed with AD and may contribute to future development of therapeutics based on investigation of the pattern of progressive comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Linden
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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117
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Morrone CD, Bazzigaluppi P, Beckett TL, Hill ME, Koletar MM, Stefanovic B, McLaurin J. Regional differences in Alzheimer's disease pathology confound behavioural rescue after amyloid-β attenuation. Brain 2020; 143:359-373. [PMID: 31782760 PMCID: PMC6935751 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials to improve or stabilize cognition has led to the need for a better understanding of the driving forces behind cognitive decline in the presence of active disease processes. To dissect contributions of individual pathologies to cognitive function, we used the TgF344-AD rat model, which recapitulates the salient hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease pathology observed in patient populations (amyloid, tau inclusions, frank neuronal loss, and cognitive deficits). scyllo-Inositol treatment attenuated amyloid-β peptide in disease-bearing TgF344-AD rats, which rescued pattern separation in the novel object recognition task and executive function in the reversal learning phase of the Barnes maze. Interestingly, neither activities of daily living in the burrowing task nor spatial memory in the Barnes maze were rescued by attenuating amyloid-β peptide. To understand the pathological correlates leading to behavioural rescue, we examined the neuropathology and in vivo electrophysiological signature of the hippocampus. Amyloid-β peptide attenuation reduced hippocampal tau pathology and rescued adult hippocampal neurogenesis and neuronal function, via improvements in cross-frequency coupling between theta and gamma bands. To investigate mechanisms underlying the persistence of spatial memory deficits, we next examined neuropathology in the entorhinal cortex, a region whose input to the hippocampus is required for spatial memory. Reduction of amyloid-β peptide in the entorhinal cortex had no effect on entorhinal tau pathology or entorhinal-hippocampal neuronal network dysfunction, as measured by an impairment in hippocampal response to entorhinal stimulation. Thus, rescue or not of cognitive function is dependent on regional differences of amyloid-β, tau and neuronal network dysfunction, demonstrating the importance of staging disease in patients prior to enrolment in clinical trials. These results further emphasize the need for combination therapeutic approaches across disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Morrone
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paolo Bazzigaluppi
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Physical Sciences, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tina L Beckett
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary E Hill
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret M Koletar
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Physical Sciences, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bojana Stefanovic
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Physical Sciences, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biophysics, 101 College St Suite 15-701, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - JoAnne McLaurin
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, Canada
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118
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Shukla M, Vincent B. The multi-faceted impact of methamphetamine on Alzheimer's disease: From a triggering role to a possible therapeutic use. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 60:101062. [PMID: 32304732 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been initially synthesized for therapeutic purposes and currently FDA-approved and prescribed for obesity, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy and depression, methamphetamine became a recreational drug that is nowadays massively manufactured illegally. Because it is a powerful and extremely addictive psychotropic agent, its abuse has turned out to become a major health problem worldwide. Importantly, the numerous effects triggered by this drug induce neurotoxicity in the brain ultimately leading to serious neurological impairments, tissue damage and neuropsychological disturbances that are reminiscent to most of the symptoms observed in Alzheimer's disease and other pathological manifestations in aging brain. In this context, there is a growing number of compelling evidence linking methamphetamine abuse with a higher probability of developing premature Alzheimer's disease and consequent neurodegeneration. This review proposes to establish a broad assessment of the effects that this drug can generate at the cellular and molecular levels in connection with the development of the age-related Alzheimer's disease. Altogether, the objective is to warn against the long-term effects that methamphetamine abuse may convey on young consumers and the increased risk of developing this devastating brain disorder at later stages of their lives, but also to discuss a more recently emerging concept suggesting a possible use of methamphetamine for treating this pathology under proper and strictly controlled conditions.
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119
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Vogel JW, Iturria-Medina Y, Strandberg OT, Smith R, Levitis E, Evans AC, Hansson O. Spread of pathological tau proteins through communicating neurons in human Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2612. [PMID: 32457389 PMCID: PMC7251068 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau is a hallmark pathology of Alzheimer's disease, and animal models have suggested that tau spreads from cell to cell through neuronal connections, facilitated by β-amyloid (Aβ). We test this hypothesis in humans using an epidemic spreading model (ESM) to simulate tau spread, and compare these simulations to observed patterns measured using tau-PET in 312 individuals along Alzheimer's disease continuum. Up to 70% of the variance in the overall spatial pattern of tau can be explained by our model. Surprisingly, the ESM predicts the spatial patterns of tau irrespective of whether brain Aβ is present, but regions with greater Aβ burden show greater tau than predicted by connectivity patterns, suggesting a role of Aβ in accelerating tau spread. Altogether, our results provide evidence in humans that tau spreads through neuronal communication pathways even in normal aging, and that this process is accelerated by the presence of brain Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Vogel
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | | | | | - Ruben Smith
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Levitis
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alan C Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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120
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Dinkelbach L, Südmeyer M, Hartmann CJ, Roeber S, Arzberger T, Felsberg J, Ferrea S, Moldovan AS, Amunts K, Schnitzler A, Caspers S. Somatosensory area 3b is selectively unaffected in corticobasal syndrome: combining MRI and histology. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 94:89-100. [PMID: 32593032 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of neuroimaging studies addressing patients with corticobasal syndrome use macroscopic definitions of brain regions. As a closer link to functionally relevant units, we aimed at identifying magnetic resonance-based atrophy patterns in regions defined by probability maps of cortical microstructure. For this purpose, three analyses were conducted: (1) Whole-brain cortical thickness was compared between 36 patients with corticobasal syndrome and 24 controls. A pattern of pericentral atrophy was found, covering primary motor area 4, premotor area 6, and primary somatosensory areas 1, 2, and 3a. Within the central region, only area 3b was without atrophy. (2) In 18 patients, longitudinal measures with follow-ups of up to 59 months (mean 21.3 ± 15.4) were analyzed. Areas 1, 2, and 6 showed significantly faster atrophy rates than primary somatosensory area 3b. (3) In an individual autopsy case, longitudinal in vivo morphometry and postmortem pathohistology were conducted. The rate of magnetic resonance-based atrophy was significantly correlated with tufted-astrocyte load in those cytoarchitectonically defined regions also seen in the group study, with area 3b being selectively unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Dinkelbach
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Südmeyer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Johannes Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sigrun Roeber
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Felsberg
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefano Ferrea
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexia-Sabine Moldovan
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alfons Schnitzler
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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121
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Freeze B, Maia P, Pandya S, Raj A. Network mediation of pathology pattern in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa060. [PMID: 32954308 PMCID: PMC7425363 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is a rare fatal rapidly progressive dementia caused by the accumulation and spread of pathologically misfolded prions. Evidence from animal models and in vitro experiments suggests that prion pathology propagates along neural connectivity pathways, with the transmission of misfolded prions initiating a corruptive templating process in newly encountered brain regions. Although particular regional patterns of disease have been recognized in humans, the underlying mechanistic basis of these patterns remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the spatial pattern of disease derived from publicly available human diffusion-weighted MRI data demonstrates stereotypical features across patient cohorts and can be largely explained by intrinsic connectivity properties of the human structural brain network. Regional diffusion-weighted MRI signal abnormalities are predicted by graph theoretical measures of centrality, with highly affected regions such as cingulate gyrus demonstrating strong structural connectivity to other brain regions. We employ network diffusion modelling to demonstrate that the spatial pattern of disease can be predicted by a diffusion process originating from a single regional pathology seed and operating on the structural connectome. The most likely seeds correspond to the most highly affected brain regions, suggesting that pathological prions could originate in a single brain region and spread throughout the brain to produce the regional distribution of pathology observed on MRI. Further investigation of top seed regions and associated connectivity pathways may be a useful strategy for developing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Freeze
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pedro Maia
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sneha Pandya
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ashish Raj
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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122
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Penke B, Szűcs M, Bogár F. Oligomerization and Conformational Change Turn Monomeric β-Amyloid and Tau Proteins Toxic: Their Role in Alzheimer's Pathogenesis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071659. [PMID: 32260279 PMCID: PMC7180792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural polymorphism and the physiological and pathophysiological roles of two important proteins, β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, that play a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are reviewed. Recent results demonstrate that monomeric Aβ has important physiological functions. Toxic oligomeric Aβ assemblies (AβOs) may play a decisive role in AD pathogenesis. The polymorph fibrillar Aβ (fAβ) form has a very ordered cross-β structure and is assumed to be non-toxic. Tau monomers also have several important physiological actions; however, their oligomerization leads to toxic oligomers (TauOs). Further polymerization results in probably non-toxic fibrillar structures, among others neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Their structure was determined by cryo-electron microscopy at atomic level. Both AβOs and TauOs may initiate neurodegenerative processes, and their interactions and crosstalk determine the pathophysiological changes in AD. TauOs (perhaps also AβO) have prionoid character, and they may be responsible for cell-to-cell spreading of the disease. Both extra- and intracellular AβOs and TauOs (and not the previously hypothesized amyloid plaques and NFTs) may represent the novel targets of AD drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Penke
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.S.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mária Szűcs
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Ferenc Bogár
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.S.); (F.B.)
- MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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123
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Quevenco FC, van Bergen JM, Treyer V, Studer ST, Kagerer SM, Meyer R, Gietl AF, Kaufmann PA, Nitsch RM, Hock C, Unschuld PG. Functional Brain Network Connectivity Patterns Associated With Normal Cognition at Old-Age, Local β-amyloid, Tau, and APOE4. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:46. [PMID: 32210782 PMCID: PMC7075450 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Integrity of functional brain networks is closely associated with maintained cognitive performance at old age. Consistently, both carrier status of Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), and age-related aggregation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology result in altered brain network connectivity. The posterior cingulate and precuneus (PCP) is a node of particular interest due to its role in crucial memory processes. Moreover, the PCP is subject to the early aggregation of AD pathology. The current study aimed at characterizing brain network properties associated with unimpaired cognition in old aged adults. To determine the effects of age-related brain change and genetic risk for AD, pathological proteins β-amyloid and tau were measured by Positron-emission tomography (PET), PCP connectivity as a proxy of cognitive network integrity, and genetic risk by APOE4 carrier status. Methods: Fifty-seven cognitively unimpaired old-aged adults (MMSE = 29.20 ± 1.11; 73 ± 8.32 years) were administered 11C Pittsburgh Compound B and 18F Flutemetamol PET for assessing β-amyloid, and 18F AV-1451 PET for tau. Individual functional connectivity seed maps of the PCP were obtained by resting-state multiband BOLD functional MRI at 3-Tesla for increased temporal resolution. Voxelwise correlations between functional connectivity, β-amyloid- and tau-PET were explored by Biological Parametric Mapping (BPM). Results: Local β-amyloid was associated with increased connectivity in frontal and parietal regions of the brain. Tau was linked to increased connectivity in more spatially distributed clusters in frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, and cerebellar regions. A positive interaction was observable for APOE4 carrier status and functional connectivity with brain regions characterized by increased local β-amyloid and tau tracer retention. Conclusions: Our data suggest an association between spatially differing connectivity systems and local β-amyloid, and tau aggregates in cognitively normal, old-aged adults, which is moderated by APOE4. Additional longitudinal studies may determine protective connectivity patterns associated with healthy aging trajectories of AD-pathology aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Quevenco
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiri M van Bergen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandro T Studer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja M Kagerer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neurimmune, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Meyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton F Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp A Kaufmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neurimmune, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neurimmune, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Paul G Unschuld
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychogeriatric Medicine, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
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124
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Kagerer SM, van Bergen JMG, Li X, Quevenco FC, Gietl AF, Studer S, Treyer V, Meyer R, Kaufmann PA, Nitsch RM, van Zijl PCM, Hock C, Unschuld PG. APOE4 moderates effects of cortical iron on synchronized default mode network activity in cognitively healthy old-aged adults. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12002. [PMID: 32211498 PMCID: PMC7085281 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4)-related genetic risk for sporadic Alzheimer's disease is associated with an early impairment of cognitive brain networks. The current study determines relationships between APOE4 carrier status, cortical iron, and cortical network-functionality. METHODS Sixty-nine cognitively healthy old-aged individuals (mean age [SD] 66.1 [± 7.2] years; Mini-Mental State Exam [MMSE] 29.3 ± 1.1) were genotyped for APOE4 carrier-status and received 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at rest, three-dimensional (3D)-gradient echo (six echoes) for cortical gray-matter, non-heme iron by quantitative susceptibility mapping, and 18F-flutemetamol positron emission tomography for amyloid-β. RESULTS A spatial pattern consistent with the default mode network (DMN) could be identified by independent component analysis. DMN activity was enhanced in APOE4 carriers and related to cortical iron burden. APOE4 and cortical iron synergistically interacted with DMN activity. Secondary analysis revealed a positive, APOE4 associated, relationship between cortical iron and DMN connectivity. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that APOE4 moderates effects of iron on brain functionality prior to manifestation of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M. Kagerer
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Psychogeriatric MedicinePsychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK)ZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Xu Li
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceDivision of MR ResearchThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain ImagingKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Anton F. Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Psychogeriatric MedicinePsychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sandro Studer
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Rafael Meyer
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Psychogeriatric MedicinePsychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Philipp A. Kaufmann
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Roger M. Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center ZurichUniversity of Zurich and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- NeurimmuneSchlierenSwitzerland
| | - Peter C. M. van Zijl
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceDivision of MR ResearchThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain ImagingKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center ZurichUniversity of Zurich and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- NeurimmuneSchlierenSwitzerland
| | - Paul G. Unschuld
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Psychogeriatric MedicinePsychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK)ZurichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center ZurichUniversity of Zurich and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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125
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Current status and future prospects of pathophysiology-based neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of vascular dementia. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:793-799. [PMID: 31981482 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a progressive neurocognitive clinical syndrome that is caused by a decrease in cerebral blood flow and damage to the neurovascular unit. Given increasing life expectancy, VaD is emerging as one of the leading health problems in society. Despite the high global prevalence of cognitive impairment associated with VaD, diagnosis and treatment still remain limited because of the complexity of mechanisms of neuronal loss. Therefore, advances in our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we highlight the pathophysiology, current pharmacology-based primary and secondary prevention strategies and emerging treatment options for VaD.
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126
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Franzmeier N, Neitzel J, Rubinski A, Smith R, Strandberg O, Ossenkoppele R, Hansson O, Ewers M. Functional brain architecture is associated with the rate of tau accumulation in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:347. [PMID: 31953405 PMCID: PMC6969065 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's diseases (AD), tau pathology is strongly associated with cognitive decline. Preclinical evidence suggests that tau spreads across connected neurons in an activity-dependent manner. Supporting this, cross-sectional AD studies show that tau deposition patterns resemble functional brain networks. However, whether higher functional connectivity is associated with higher rates of tau accumulation is unclear. Here, we combine resting-state fMRI with longitudinal tau-PET in two independent samples including 53 (ADNI) and 41 (BioFINDER) amyloid-biomarker defined AD subjects and 28 (ADNI) vs. 16 (BioFINDER) amyloid-negative healthy controls. In both samples, AD subjects show faster tau accumulation than controls. Second, in AD, higher fMRI-assessed connectivity between 400 regions of interest (ROIs) is associated with correlated tau-PET accumulation in corresponding ROIs. Third, we show that a model including baseline connectivity and tau-PET is associated with future tau-PET accumulation. Together, connectivity is associated with tau spread in AD, supporting the view of transneuronal tau propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universitat München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat LMU, Munich, Germany.
| | - Julia Neitzel
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universitat München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Rubinski
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universitat München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruben Smith
- Department of Neurology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmo, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olof Strandberg
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmo, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmo, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmo, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universitat München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat LMU, Munich, Germany
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127
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Pereira JB, Harrison TM, La Joie R, Baker SL, Jagust WJ. Spatial patterns of tau deposition are associated with amyloid, ApoE, sex, and cognitive decline in older adults. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:2155-2164. [PMID: 31915896 PMCID: PMC7338820 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The abnormal deposition of tau begins before the onset of clinical symptoms and seems to target specific brain networks. The aim of this study is to identify the spatial patterns of tau deposition in cognitively normal older adults and assess whether they are related to amyloid-β (Aβ), APOE, sex, and longitudinal cognitive decline. Methods We included 114 older adults with cross-sectional flortaucipir (FTP) and Pittsburgh Compound-B PET in addition to longitudinal cognitive testing. A voxel-wise independent component analysis was applied to FTP images to identify the spatial patterns of tau deposition. We then assessed whether tau within these patterns differed by Aβ status, APOE genotype, and sex. Linear mixed effects models were built to test whether tau in each component predicted cognitive decline. Finally, we ordered the spatial components based on the frequency of high tau deposition to model tau spread. Results We found 10 biologically plausible tau patterns in the whole sample. There was greater tau in medial temporal, occipital, and orbitofrontal components in Aβ-positive compared with Aβ-negative individuals; in the parahippocampal component in ε3ε3 compared with ε2ε3 carriers; and in temporo-parietal and anterior frontal components in women compared with men. Higher tau in temporal and frontal components predicted longitudinal cognitive decline in memory and executive functions, respectively. Tau deposition was most frequently observed in medial temporal and ventral cortical areas, followed by lateral and primary areas. Conclusions These findings suggest that the spatial patterns of tau in asymptomatic individuals are clinically meaningful and are associated with Aβ, APOE ε2ε3, sex and cognitive decline. These patterns could be used to predict the regional spread of tau and perform in vivo tau staging in older adults. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00259-019-04669-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana B Pereira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Theresa M Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne L Baker
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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128
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Zhang Y, Ren B, Zhang D, Liu Y, Zhang M, Zhao C, Zheng J. Design principles and fundamental understanding of biosensors for amyloid-β detection. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6179-6196. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aβ as biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drives the significant research efforts for developing different biosensors with different sensing strategies, materials, and mechanisms for Aβ detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxian Zhang
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
| | - Baiping Ren
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
| | - Yonglan Liu
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Alabama
- USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Ohio
- USA
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129
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Forrest SL, Kril JJ, Halliday GM. Cellular and regional vulnerability in frontotemporal tauopathies. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:705-727. [PMID: 31203391 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The frontotemporal tauopathies all deposit abnormal tau protein aggregates, but often of only certain isoforms and in distinguishing pathologies of five main types (neuronal Pick bodies, neurofibrillary tangles, astrocytic plaques, tufted astrocytes, globular glial inclusions and argyrophilic grains). In those with isoform specific tau aggregates glial pathologies are substantial, even though there is limited evidence that these cells normally produce tau protein. This review will assess the differentiating features and clinicopathological correlations of the frontotemporal tauopathies, the genetic predisposition for these different pathologies, their neuroanatomical selectivity, current observations on how they spread through the brain, and any potential contributing cellular and molecular changes. The findings show that diverse clinical phenotypes relate most to the brain region degenerating rather than the type of pathology involved, that different regions on the MAPT gene and novel risk genes are associated with specific tau pathologies, that the 4-repeat glial tauopathies do not follow individual patterns of spreading as identified for neuronal pathologies, and that genetic and pathological data indicate that neuroinflammatory mechanisms are involved. Each pathological frontotemporal tauopathy subtype with their distinct pathological features differ substantially in the cell type affected, morphology, biochemical and anatomical distribution of inclusions, a fundamental concept central to future success in understanding the disease mechanisms required for developing therapeutic interventions. Tau directed therapies targeting genetic mechanisms, tau aggregation and pathological spread are being trialled, although biomarkers that differentiate these diseases are required. Suggested areas of future research to address the regional and cellular vulnerabilities in frontotemporal tauopathies are discussed.
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130
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Vanhoutte M, Semah F, Leclerc X, Sillaire AR, Jaillard A, Kuchcinski G, Delbeuck X, Fahmi R, Pasquier F, Lopes R. Three-year changes of cortical 18F-FDG in amnestic vs. non-amnestic sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 47:304-318. [PMID: 31606833 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04519-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine and compare longitudinal changes of cortical glucose metabolism in amnestic and non-amnestic sporadic forms of early-onset Alzheimer's disease and assess potential associations with neuropsychological performance over a 3-year period time. METHODS Eighty-two participants meeting criteria for early-onset (< 65 years) sporadic form of probable Alzheimer's disease and presenting with a variety of clinical phenotypes (47 amnestic and 35 non-amnestic forms) were included at baseline and followed up for 1.44 ± 1.23 years. All of the participants underwent a work-up at baseline and every year during the follow-up period, which includes clinical examination, neuropsychological testing, genotyping, cerebrospinal fluid biomarker assays, and structural MRI and 18F-FDG PET. Vertex-wise partial volume-corrected glucose metabolic maps across the entire cortical surface were generated and longitudinally assessed together with the neuropsychological scores using linear mixed-effects modeling as a function of amnestic and non-amnestic sporadic forms of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS Similar evolution patterns of glucose metabolic decline between amnestic and non-amnestic forms were observed in widespread neocortical cortices. However, only non-amnestic forms appeared to have a greater reduction of glucose metabolism in lateral orbitofrontal and bilateral medial temporal cortices associated with more severe declines of neuropsychological performance compared with amnestic forms. Furthermore, results suggest that glucose metabolic decline in amnestic forms would progress along an anterior-to-posterior axis, whereas glucose metabolic decline in non-amnestic forms would progress along a posterior-to-anterior axis. CONCLUSIONS We found differences in spatial distribution and temporal trajectory of glucose metabolic decline between amnestic and non-amnestic early-onset Alzheimer's disease groups, suggesting that one might want to consider treating the two forms of the disease as two separate entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Vanhoutte
- Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France. .,Department of Neuroradiology, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Franck Semah
- Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Leclerc
- Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Adeline Rollin Sillaire
- Department of Neurology, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, Memory Center, DISTALZ, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alice Jaillard
- Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Grégory Kuchcinski
- Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Delbeuck
- Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, Memory Center, DISTALZ, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Neuropsychology, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Rachid Fahmi
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Molecular Imaging, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Department of Neurology, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, Memory Center, DISTALZ, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Renaud Lopes
- Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
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Carroll CM, Macauley SL. The Interaction Between Sleep and Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease: Cause or Consequence of Disease? Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:258. [PMID: 31616284 PMCID: PMC6764218 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and affects over 45 million people worldwide. Both type-2-diabetes (T2D), a metabolic condition associated with aging, and disrupted sleep are implicated in the pathogenesis of AD, but how sleep and metabolism interact to affect AD progression remains unclear. In the healthy brain, sleep/wake cycles are a well-coordinated interaction between metabolic and neuronal activity, but when disrupted, are associated with a myriad of health-related issues, including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, T2D, and AD. Therefore, this review will explore our current understanding of the relationship between metabolism, sleep, and AD-related pathology to identify the causes and consequences of disease progression in AD. Moreover, sleep disturbances and metabolic dysfunction could serve as potential therapeutic targets to mitigate the increased risk of AD in individuals with T2D or offer a novel approach for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shannon L. Macauley
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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132
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Adams JN, Maass A, Harrison TM, Baker SL, Jagust WJ. Cortical tau deposition follows patterns of entorhinal functional connectivity in aging. eLife 2019; 8:e49132. [PMID: 31475904 PMCID: PMC6764824 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau pathology first appears in the transentorhinal and anterolateral entorhinal cortex (alEC) in the aging brain. The transition to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is hypothesized to involve amyloid-β (Aβ) facilitated tau spread through neural connections. We contrasted functional connectivity (FC) of alEC and posteromedial EC (pmEC), subregions of EC that differ in functional specialization and cortical connectivity, with the hypothesis that alEC-connected cortex would show greater tau deposition than pmEC-connected cortex. We used resting state fMRI to measure FC, and PET to measure tau and Aβ in cognitively normal older adults. Tau preferentially deposited in alEC-connected cortex compared to pmEC-connected or non-connected cortex, and stronger connectivity was associated with increased tau deposition. FC-tau relationships were present regardless of Aβ, although strengthened with Aβ. These results provide an explanation for the anatomic specificity of neocortical tau deposition in the aging brain and reveal relationships between normal aging and the evolution of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna N Adams
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Anne Maass
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMagdeburgGermany
| | | | | | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
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133
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Maass A, Berron D, Harrison TM, Adams JN, La Joie R, Baker S, Mellinger T, Bell RK, Swinnerton K, Inglis B, Rabinovici GD, Düzel E, Jagust WJ. Alzheimer's pathology targets distinct memory networks in the ageing brain. Brain 2019; 142:2492-2509. [PMID: 31199481 PMCID: PMC6658874 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease researchers have been intrigued by the selective regional vulnerability of the brain to amyloid-β plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. Post-mortem studies indicate that in ageing and Alzheimer's disease tau tangles deposit early in the transentorhinal cortex, a region located in the anterior-temporal lobe that is critical for object memory. In contrast, amyloid-β pathology seems to target a posterior-medial network that subserves spatial memory. In the current study, we tested whether anterior-temporal and posterior-medial brain regions are selectively vulnerable to tau and amyloid-β deposition in the progression from ageing to Alzheimer's disease and whether this is reflected in domain-specific behavioural deficits and neural dysfunction. 11C-PiB PET and 18F-flortaucipir uptake was quantified in a sample of 131 cognitively normal adults (age: 20-93 years; 47 amyloid-β-positive) and 20 amyloid-β-positive patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease dementia (65-95 years). Tau burden was relatively higher in anterior-temporal regions in normal ageing and this difference was further pronounced in the presence of amyloid-β and cognitive impairment, indicating exacerbation of ageing-related processes in Alzheimer's disease. In contrast, amyloid-β deposition dominated in posterior-medial regions. A subsample of 50 cognitively normal older (26 amyloid-β-positive) and 25 young adults performed an object and scene memory task while functional MRI data were acquired. Group comparisons showed that tau-positive (n = 18) compared to tau-negative (n = 32) older adults showed lower mnemonic discrimination of object relative to scene images [t(48) = -3.2, P = 0.002]. In a multiple regression model including regional measures of both pathologies, higher anterior-temporal flortaucipir (tau) was related to relatively worse object performance (P = 0.010, r = -0.376), whereas higher posterior-medial PiB (amyloid-β) was related to worse scene performance (P = 0.037, r = 0.309). The functional MRI data revealed that tau burden (but not amyloid-β) was associated with increased task activation in both systems and a loss of functional specificity, or dedifferentiation, in posterior-medial regions. The loss of functional specificity was related to worse memory. Our study shows a regional dissociation of Alzheimer's disease pathologies to distinct memory networks. While our data are cross-sectional, they indicate that with ageing, tau deposits mainly in the anterior-temporal system, which results in deficits in mnemonic object discrimination. As Alzheimer's disease develops, amyloid-β deposits preferentially in posterior-medial regions additionally compromising scene discrimination and anterior-temporal tau deposition worsens further. Finally, our findings propose that the progression of tau pathology is linked to aberrant activation and dedifferentiation of specialized memory networks that is detrimental to memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Maass
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - David Berron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Theresa M Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jenna N Adams
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne Baker
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, 94720, USA
| | - Taylor Mellinger
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel K Bell
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kaitlin Swinnerton
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ben Inglis
- Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, 94720, USA
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, 94720, USA
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134
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Connectomics and molecular imaging in neurodegeneration. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:2819-2830. [PMID: 31292699 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding on human neurodegenerative disease was previously limited to clinical data and inferences about the underlying pathology based on histopathological examination. Animal models and in vitro experiments have provided evidence for a cell-autonomous and a non-cell-autonomous mechanism for the accumulation of neuropathology. Combining modern neuroimaging tools to identify distinct neural networks (connectomics) with target-specific positron emission tomography (PET) tracers is an emerging and vibrant field of research with the potential to examine the contributions of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms to the spread of pathology. The evidence provided here suggests that both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous processes relate to the observed in vivo characteristics of protein pathology and neurodegeneration across the disease spectrum. We propose a synergistic model of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous accounts that integrates the most critical factors (i.e., protein strain, susceptible cell feature and connectome) contributing to the development of neuronal dysfunction and in turn produces the observed clinical phenotypes. We believe that a timely and longitudinal pursuit of such research programs will greatly advance our understanding of the complex mechanisms driving human neurodegenerative diseases.
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135
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Chiang AC, Huo X, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ. Chemotherapy accelerates age-related development of tauopathy and results in loss of synaptic integrity and cognitive impairment. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 79:319-325. [PMID: 30953771 PMCID: PMC6591052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and its treatment are associated with neurotoxic side effects, including cognitive dysfunction, altered functional connectivity in the brain and structural abnormalities in white matter. There is evidence that cancer and its treatment can accelerate aging. Tau is a microtubule associated protein that contributes to microtubule stability thereby playing a key role in neuronal function. Clustering of tau is commonly observed in the aged brain and is related to cognitive decline. We hypothesized that chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment is associated with accelerated development of tau clustering in the brain as a sign of accelerated aging. We show for the first time that treatment of adult (7-8 month-old) male C57BL/6 mice with cisplatin results in reduced cognitive function and a marked increase in the number of large endogenous tau clusters in the hippocampus when assessed 4 months later. In contrast, we detected only few small tau clusters in the hippocampus of age-matched 11-12 month-old control mice. Astrocyte GFAP expression was increased in close vicinity to the tau clusters in cisplatin-treated mice. We did not detect changes in the microglial marker Iba-1 in the brain of mice treated with cisplatin. The accelerated formation of Tau-1 clusters in cisplatin-treated mice was associated with a decrease in the levels of the post-synaptic marker PSD95 and of the presynaptic marker synaptophysin in the hippocampus. We demonstrate here for the first time that chemotherapy markedly accelerates development of signs of tauopathy and loss of synaptic integrity in the hippocampus. These findings provide a mechanistic link between chemotherapy cognitive decline and accelerated aging in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie C.A. Chiang
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Symptom Research, and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Xiaojiao Huo
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Symptom Research, and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Annemieke Kavelaars
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Symptom Research, and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Cobi J. Heijnen
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Symptom Research, and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
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136
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Sala A, Perani D. Brain Molecular Connectivity in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Recent Advances and New Perspectives Using Positron Emission Tomography. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:617. [PMID: 31258466 PMCID: PMC6587303 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) represents a unique molecular tool to get in vivo access to a wide spectrum of biological and neuropathological processes, of crucial relevance for neurodegenerative conditions. Although most PET findings are based on massive univariate approaches, in the last decade the increasing interest in multivariate methods has paved the way to the assessment of unexplored cerebral features, spanning from resting state brain networks to whole-brain connectome properties. Currently, the combination of molecular neuroimaging techniques with multivariate connectivity methods represents one of the most powerful, yet still emerging, approach to achieve novel insights into the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will summarize the available evidence in the field of PET molecular connectivity, with the aim to provide an overview of how these studies may increase the understanding of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, over and above "traditional" structural/functional connectivity studies. Considering the available evidence, a major focus will be represented by molecular connectivity studies using [18F]FDG-PET, today applied in the major neuropathological spectra, from amyloidopathies and tauopathies to synucleinopathies and beyond. Pioneering studies using PET tracers targeting brain neuropathology and neurotransmission systems for connectivity studies will be discussed, their strengths and limitations highlighted with reference to both applied methodology and results interpretation. The most common methods for molecular connectivity assessment will be reviewed, with particular emphasis on the available strategies to investigate molecular connectivity at the single-subject level, of potential relevance for not only research but also diagnostic purposes. Finally, we will highlight possible future perspectives in the field, with reference in particular to newly available PET tracers, which will expand the application of molecular connectivity to new, exciting, unforeseen possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Sala
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Perani
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Unit, Faculty of Psychology, San Raffaele Hospital (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
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137
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Panza F, Imbimbo BP, Lozupone M, Greco A, Seripa D, Logroscino G, Daniele A, Colosimo C. Disease-modifying therapies for tauopathies: agents in the pipeline. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:397-408. [PMID: 30973276 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1606715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tauopathies are heterogeneous clinicopathological entities characterized by abnormal neuronal and/or glial inclusions of the microtubule-binding protein tau. Primary tauopathies considered to be diseases correspond to a major class of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) neuropathology (FTLD-Tau), including several forms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) clinical syndromes. Little progress has been made in the past 20 years in developing effective disease-modifying drugs for primary tauopathies and available symptomatic treatments have limited efficacy. Areas covered: Potential disease-modifying drugs in clinical development to slow neuropathological progression of primary tauopathies. Expert opinion: Since the underlying pathology of primary tauopathies consists of abnormal tau protein aggregates, treatments are being developed to interfere with the aggregation process or to promote the clearance of this protein. Unfortunately, disease-modifying treatments remain years away as demonstrated by the recent negative Phase III findings of a tau aggregation inhibitor (LMTM) for treating the behavioral variant of FTD. Further evidence will come from ongoing Phase I/II trials on novel drugs and immunotherapeutics with various targets - prevention of deposition or removal of tau aggregates, inhibition of tau phosphorylation/acetylation, modulation of O-GlcNAcylation, activation of autophagy or ubiquitin-proteasome system pathways, and rescue of selected tau loss of function or suppression of tau gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Panza
- a Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy.,b Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain , University of Bari "Aldo Moro", "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico" , Lecce , Italy.,c Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS , "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , Foggia , Italy
| | - Bruno P Imbimbo
- d Department of Research and Development , Chiesi Farmaceutici , Parma , Italy
| | - Madia Lozupone
- a Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- c Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS , "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , Foggia , Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- c Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS , "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , Foggia , Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- a Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy.,b Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain , University of Bari "Aldo Moro", "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico" , Lecce , Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- e Institute of Neurology , Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy.,f Institute of Neurology , Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Carlo Colosimo
- g Department of Neurological Sciences , Santa Maria University Hospital , Terni , Italy
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138
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The BIN1 rs744373 SNP is associated with increased tau-PET levels and impaired memory. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1766. [PMID: 30992433 PMCID: PMC6467911 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs744373 in the bridging integrator-1 gene (BIN1) is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the brain, BIN1 is involved in endocytosis and sustaining cytoskeleton integrity. Post-mortem and in vitro studies suggest that BIN1-associated AD risk is mediated by increased tau pathology but whether rs744373 is associated with increased tau pathology in vivo is unknown. Here we find in 89 older individuals without dementia, that BIN1 rs744373 risk-allele carriers show higher AV1451 tau-PET across brain regions corresponding to Braak stages II–VI. In contrast, the BIN1 rs744373 SNP was not associated with AV45 amyloid-PET uptake. Furthermore, the rs744373 risk-allele was associated with worse memory performance, mediated by increased global tau levels. Together, our findings suggest that the BIN1 rs744373 SNP is associated with increased tau but not beta-amyloid pathology, suggesting that alterations in BIN1 may contribute to memory deficits via increased tau pathology. The BIN1 SNP rs744373 is associated with higher CSF tau and phosphorylated tau levels. Here the authors show, using PET imaging, that this SNP is associated with tau accumulation in the brain as well as impaired memory in older individuals without dementia.
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