101
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Heinz SA, Henson DA, Austin MD, Jin F, Nieman DC. Quercetin supplementation and upper respiratory tract infection: A randomized community clinical trial. Pharmacol Res 2010; 62:237-42. [PMID: 20478383 PMCID: PMC7128946 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin in culture with target cells and pathogens exerts anti-pathogenic activities against a wide variety of viruses and bacteria. A few small-scale human quercetin supplementation studies have produced conflicting results regarding quercetin's effects on upper respiratory tract infection rates, and little is known regarding the appropriate human dose. The purpose of this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was to measure the influence of two quercetin doses (500 and 1000 mg/day) compared to placebo on upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) rates in a large community group (N=1002) of subjects varying widely in age (18-85 years). Subjects ingested supplements for 12 weeks and logged URTI symptoms on a daily basis using the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS). No significant group differences were measured for URTI outcomes for all subjects combined, or when analyzing separately by gender, body mass index, and age categories. Regression analysis revealed that the strongest interaction effect with group status was self-reported fitness level. A separate analysis of subjects 40 years of age and older rating themselves in the top half of the entire group for fitness level (N=325) showed lower URTI severity (36% reduction, P=0.020) and URTI total sick days (31% reduction, P=0.048) for the Q-1000 group compared to placebo. In summary, for all subjects combined, quercetin supplementation over 12 weeks had no significant influence on URTI rates or symptomatology compared to placebo. A reduction in URTI total sick days and severity was noted in middle aged and older subjects ingesting 1000 mg quercetin/day for 12 weeks who rated themselves as physically fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena A Heinz
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
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102
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103
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A 12-week supplementation with quercetin does not affect natural killer cell activity, granulocyte oxidative burst activity or granulocyte phagocytosis in female human subjects. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:849-57. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711451000156x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, is a strong antioxidant with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and immune-modulating properties. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of long-term quercetin supplementation on innate immune function and inflammation in human subjects. Female subjects (n 120; aged 30–79 years) were recruited from the community and randomised to one of three groups, with supplements administered using double-blinded procedures: 500 mg quercetin/d (n 38), 1000 mg quercetin/d (n 40) or placebo (n 42). Subjects ingested two soft chew supplements twice daily during the 12-week study period. Fasting blood samples were obtained pre- and post-study and were analysed for plasma quercetin, IL-6, TNF-α and leucocyte subset cell counts. Natural killer cell activity (NKCA) and lymphocyte subsets were assessed in a subset of seventy-four subjects. Granulocyte oxidative burst activity (GOBA) and phagocytosis were assessed in sixty-four subjects. Eighteen subjects had overlapping data. Quercetin supplementation at two doses compared with placebo increased plasma quercetin (interaction effect; P < 0·001) but had no significant influence on blood leucocyte subsets, plasma IL-6 or TNF-α concentration, NKCA, GOBA or phagocytosis. NKCA was inversely correlated with BMI (r − 0·25; P = 0·035) and body fat percentage (r − 0·38; P = 0·001), and positively correlated with self-reported physical fitness level (r 0·24; P = 0·032). In summary, results from the present double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomised trial indicated that quercetin supplementation at 500 and 1000 mg/d for 12 weeks significantly increased plasma quercetin levels but had no influence on measures of innate immune function or inflammation in community-dwelling adult females.
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104
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Shanely RA, Knab AM, Nieman DC, Jin F, McAnulty SR, Landram MJ. Quercetin supplementation does not alter antioxidant status in humans. Free Radic Res 2009; 44:224-31. [DOI: 10.3109/10715760903407293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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105
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Chatti IB, Limem I, Boubaker J, Skandrani I, Kilani S, Bhouri W, Ben Sghaier M, Nefatti A, Ben Mansour H, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L. Phytochemical, antibacterial, antiproliferative, and antioxidant potentials and DNA damage-protecting activity of Acacia salicina extracts. J Med Food 2009; 12:675-83. [PMID: 19627220 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extract enriched in total oligomer flavonoids (TOF), and the aqueous, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of Acacia salicina were investigated for their polyphenolic compound content, antioxidative activity in the nitro blue tetrazolium/riboflavin assay system, antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial reference strains, antigenotoxic activity tested with the Ames assay, and cytotoxic activity against the K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line and L1210 leukemia murine cells. TOF extract was effective at inhibiting nitro blue tetrazolium reduction by superoxide radical in a nonenzymatic O(2)(*-)-generating system. Significant activity against bacterial reference strains Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella enteritidis, and Salmonella typhimurium was shown with all the tested extracts. These extracts significantly decreased the genotoxicity induced by sodium azide and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine. A pronounced cytotoxic effect on both leukemia cell lines was detected in TOF, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, antigenotoxic, and cytotoxic activities exhibited by A. salicina depended on the chemical composition of the tested extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Bouhlel Chatti
- Unité de Pharmacognosie/Biologie Moléculaire/UR, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Tunisie
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106
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Lee C, Lee JM, Lee NR, Kim DE, Jeong YJ, Chong Y. Investigation of the pharmacophore space of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) NTPase/helicase by dihydroxychromone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4538-41. [PMID: 19625187 PMCID: PMC7127646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aryl diketoacids have been identified as the first SARS-CoV NTPase/helicase inhibitors with a distinct pharmacophore featuring an arylmethyl group attached to a diketoacid. In order to search for the pharmacophore space around the diketoacid core, three classes of dihydroxychromone derivatives were prepared. Based on SAR study, an extended feature of the pharmacophore model of SARS-CoV NTPase/helicase was proposed which is constituted of a diketoacid core, a hydrophobic arylmethyl substituent, and a free catechol unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaewoon Lee
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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107
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Andres A, Donovan SM, Kuhlenschmidt MS. Soy isoflavones and virus infections. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 20:563-9. [PMID: 19596314 PMCID: PMC7125569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isoflavones and their related flavonoid compounds exert antiviral properties in vitro and in vivo against a wide range of viruses. Genistein is, by far, the most studied soy isoflavone in this regard, and it has been shown to inhibit the infectivity of enveloped or nonenveloped viruses, as well as single-stranded or double-stranded RNA or DNA viruses. At concentrations ranging from physiological to supraphysiological (3.7-370 muM), flavonoids, including genistein, have been shown to reduce the infectivity of a variety of viruses affecting humans and animals, including adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and rotavirus. Although the biological properties of the flavonoids are well studied, the mechanisms of action underlying their antiviral properties have not been fully elucidated. Current results suggest a combination of effects on both the virus and the host cell. Isoflavones have been reported to affect virus binding, entry, replication, viral protein translation and formation of certain virus envelope glycoprotein complexes. Isoflavones also affect a variety of host cell signaling processes, including induction of gene transcription factors and secretion of cytokines. The efficacy of isoflavones and related flavonoids in virus infectivity in in vitro bioassays is dependent on the dose, frequency of administration and combination of isoflavones used. Despite promising in vitro results, there is lack of data confirming the in vivo efficacy of soy isoflavones. Thus, investigations using appropriate in vivo virus infectivity models to examine pharmacological and especially physiological doses of flavonoids are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for the Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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108
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RAMADAN MOHAMEDFAWZY, SELIM ASKER MOHSENMOHAMED. ANTIMICROBICAL AND ANTIVIRIAL IMPACT OF NOVEL QUERCETIN-ENRICHED LECITHIN. J Food Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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109
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Kalinova J, Radova S. Effects of rutin on the growth ofBotrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternataandFusarium solani. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/aphyt.44.2009.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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110
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Choi HJ, Song JH, Park KS, Kwon DH. Inhibitory effects of quercetin 3-rhamnoside on influenza A virus replication. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 37:329-33. [PMID: 19491023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans through epidemics or pandemics. The lack of effective therapeutical treatment underlines the importance of research for new antiviral compounds. Flavonoids widely exist in the plant kingdom, and their antiviral activities against various viruses have been recently reported. In this study, the anti-influenza A/WS/33 virus of quercetin 3-rhamnoside (Q3R) from Houttuynia cordata was evaluated using a cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction method, the assay results demonstrated that Q3R possessed strong anti-influenza A/WS/33 virus reducing the formation of a visible CPE. Q3R also did inhibit virus replication in the initial stage of virus infection by indirect interaction with virus particles. However, oseltamivir has relative weaker efficacy compared to Q3R. Therefore, these findings provide important information for the utilization of Q3R for influenza treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jung Choi
- Immune Modulator Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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111
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Choi HJ, Kim JH, Lee CH, Ahn YJ, Song JH, Baek SH, Kwon DH. Antiviral activity of quercetin 7-rhamnoside against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Antiviral Res 2008; 81:77-81. [PMID: 18992773 PMCID: PMC7114206 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the predominant cause of severe entero-pathogenic diarrhea in swine. The lack of effective therapeutical treatment underlines the importance of research for new antivirals. In this study, we identified Q7R, which actively inhibited PEDV replication with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 0.014 microg/mL. The 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC(50)) of Q7R was over 100 microg/mL and the derived therapeutic index was 7142. Several structural analogues of Q7R, quercetin, apigenin, luteolin and catechin, also showed moderate anti-PEDV activity. Antiviral drugs and natural compounds revealed ribavirin, interferon-alpha, coumarin and tannic acid have relative weaker efficacy compared to Q7R. Q7R did not directly interact with or inactivate PEDV particles and affect the initial stage of PEDV infection by interfering of PEDV replication. Also, the effectiveness of Q7R against the other two viruses (TGEV, PRCV) was lower compared to PEDV. Q7R could be considered as a lead compound for development of anti-PEDV drugs to may be used to during the early stage of PEDV replication and the structure-activity data of Q7R may usefully guideline to design other related antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Jung Choi
- Natural Medicines Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Taejon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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112
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Davis JM, Murphy EA, McClellan JL, Carmichael MD, Gangemi JD. Quercetin reduces susceptibility to influenza infection following stressful exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 295:R505-9. [PMID: 18579649 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90319.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exercise stress is associated with increased risk for upper respiratory tract infection. We have shown that exercise stress can increase susceptibility to infection. Quercetin, a flavonoid present in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, has been reported to inhibit infectivity and replication of a broad spectrum of viruses and may offset the increase in susceptibility to infection associated with stressful exercise. This study examined the effects of quercetin feedings on susceptibility to the influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) following stressful exercise. Mice were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: exercise-placebo, exercise-quercetin, control-placebo, or control-quercetin. Exercise consisted of a run to fatigue (approximately 140 min) on a treadmill for 3 consecutive days. Quercetin (12.5 mg/kg) was administered via gavage for 7 days before viral challenge. At 30 min after the last bout of exercise or rest, mice (n=23-30) were intranasally inoculated with a standardized dose of influenza virus (0.04 hemagglutinating units). Mice were monitored daily for morbidity (time to sickness), symptom severity, and mortality (time to death) for 21 days. Exercise stress was associated with an increased susceptibility to infection [morbidity, mortality, and symptom severity on days 5-7 (P<0.05)]; quercetin offset the increase in susceptibility to infection [morbidity, mortality, and symptom severity on days 5-7 (P<0.05)] that was associated with stressful exercise. These data suggest that short-term quercetin feedings may prove to be an effective strategy to lessen the impact of stressful exercise on susceptibility to respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Davis
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, PHRC #301, 921 Assembly St., Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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113
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Antimicrobial activity and synergism of some substituted flavonoids. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2008; 53:23-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-008-0003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Revised: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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114
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Cherng JM, Chiang W, Chiang LC. Immunomodulatory activities of common vegetables and spices of Umbelliferae and its related coumarins and flavonoids. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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115
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Prakash O, Kumar R, Parkash V. Synthesis and antifungal activity of some new 3-hydroxy-2-(1-phenyl-3-aryl-4-pyrazolyl) chromones. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:435-40. [PMID: 17555846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2006] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seven new 3-hydroxy-2-(1-phenyl-3-aryl-4-pyrazolyl) chromones 4a-g have been synthesized by the oxidation of 2-hydroxychalcone analogues of pyrazole 3a-g with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in KOH-MeOH by Algar Flynn Oymanda (AFO) reaction. The structures of the compounds 4 were established by the combined use of (1)H NMR, IR and mass spectra. All the seven compounds were tested in vitro for their antifungal activity against three phytopathogenic fungi, namely Helminthosporium species, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata. Five compounds 4a, 4b, 4c, 4e and 4f were associated with substantially higher antifungal activity than commercial antifungal compound Actidione (cycloheximide) against all three phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119 Haryana, India.
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116
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Nieman DC, Henson DA, Gross SJ, Jenkins DP, Davis JM, Murphy EA, Carmichael MD, Dumke CL, Utter AC, McAnulty SR, McAnulty LS, Mayer EP. Quercetin Reduces Illness but Not Immune Perturbations after Intensive Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39:1561-9. [PMID: 17805089 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318076b566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of quercetin supplementation on incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and exercise-induced changes in immune function. METHODS Trained male cyclists (N=40) were randomized to quercetin (N=20) or placebo (N=20) groups and, under double-blind procedures, received 3 wk quercetin (1000 mg.d(-1)) or placebo before, during, and for 2 wk after a 3-d period in which subjects cycled for 3 h.d(-1) at approximately 57% Wmax. Blood and saliva samples were collected before and after each of the three exercise sessions and assayed for natural killer cell activity (NKCA), PHA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation (PHA-LP), polymorphonuclear oxidative-burst activity (POBA), and salivary IgA output (sIgA). RESULTS Pre- to postexercise changes in NKCA, PHA-LP, POBA, and sIgA did not differ significantly between quercetin and placebo groups. URTI incidence during the 2-wk postexercise period differed significantly between groups (quercetin=1/20 vs placebo=9/20, Kaplan-Meier analysis statistic=8.31, P=0.004). CONCLUSION Quercetin versus placebo ingestion did not alter exercise-induced changes in several measures of immune function, but it significantly reduced URTI incidence in cyclists during the 2-wk period after intensified exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
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117
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Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of extracts from (Tunisian)Rhamnus alaternus (Rhamnaceae). ANN MICROBIOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03175089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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118
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Ibrahim ESA, Hassan M, El-Mahdy M, Mohamed A. Formulation and evaluation of quercetin in certain dermatological preparations. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(07)50084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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119
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Gebre-Mariam T, Neubert R, Schmidt PC, Wutzler P, Schmidtke M. Antiviral activities of some Ethiopian medicinal plants used for the treatment of dermatological disorders. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 104:182-7. [PMID: 16233967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Revised: 08/29/2005] [Accepted: 08/29/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Acokanthera schimperi (Apocynaceae), Euclea schimperi (Ebenaceae), Inula confertiflora (Asteraceae), Melilotus elegans (Leguminosae), and Plumbago zeylanica (Plumbaginaceae), are some of the medicinal plants used in Ethiopia for treatment of various skin disorders. In this study, the antiviral activities of the 80% methanolic extracts of these plants have been examined against coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), influenza A virus and herpes simplex virus type1 Kupka (HSV-1) using cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibitory assays in HeLa, MDCK, and GMK cells, respectively. In parallel, the cytotoxicity was quantified using a crystal violet uptake assay. The antiviral activity of the most active compound was confirmed with plaque reduction assays. The results revealed that the extracts of Acokanthera schimperi and Euclea schimperi showed antiviral activity against all three tested viruses albeit with unequal efficacy. Whereas the Acokanthera schimperi extract exhibited the strongest activity against CVB3, the extract of Euclea schimperi inhibited influenzavirus A replication most effectively. A weak anti-influenzavirus A activity was also exhibited by the other plant extracts tested. In addition, CVB3 was inhibited by the extracts of Plumbago zeylanica and HSV-1 by Inula confertiflora. Thus, the extracts of these plants, particularly those of Acokanthera schimperi, Euclea schimperi and Inula confertiflora which showed activity against CVB3 and HSV-1 support their traditional use in the treatment of skin diseases of viral origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gebre-Mariam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box, 1176 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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120
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Kobayashi S, Ogawa N, Fujimura Y, Tachibana H, Yamada K. A Chrysanthemum Flower, Shiranui Himekiku, Extract Enhance TNF-.ALPHA. Production. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2006. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.53.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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121
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Evers DL, Chao CF, Wang X, Zhang Z, Huong SM, Huang ES. Human cytomegalovirus-inhibitory flavonoids: studies on antiviral activity and mechanism of action. Antiviral Res 2005; 68:124-34. [PMID: 16188329 PMCID: PMC7114262 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2005] [Revised: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus for certain dietary flavonoids and their likely biochemical mechanisms of action. Nine out of ten evaluated flavonoids blocked HCMV replication at concentrations that were significantly lower than those producing cytotoxicity against growing or stationary phase host cells. Baicalein was the most potent inhibitor in this series (IC50 = 0.4–1.2 μM), including positive control ganciclovir. Baicalein and genistein were chosen as model compounds to study the antiviral mechanism(s) of action for this series. Both flavonoids significantly reduced the levels of HCMV early and late proteins, as well as viral DNA synthesis. Baicalein reduced the levels of HCMV immediate-early proteins to nearly background levels while genistein did not. The antiviral effects of genistein, but not baicalein, were fully reversible in cell culture. Pre-incubation of concentrated virus stocks with either flavonoid did not inhibit HCMV replication, suggesting that baicalein did not directly inactivate virus particles. Baicalein functionally blocked epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activity and HCMV nuclear translocation, while genistein did not. At 24 h post infection HCMV-infected cells treated with genistein continued to express immediate-early proteins and efficiently phosphorylate IE1-72. However, HCMV induction of NF-κB and increases in the levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins—events that are associated with immediate-early protein functioning – were absent. The data suggested that the primary mechanism of action for baicalein may be to block HCMV infection at entry while the primary mechanism of action for genistein may be to block HCMV immediate-early protein functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Evers
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rm. 32-026, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Chih-Fang Chao
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rm. 32-026, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rm. 32-026, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rm. 32-026, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Shu-Mei Huong
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rm. 32-026, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Eng-Shang Huang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rm. 32-026, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 919 966 4323; fax: +1 919 966 4303.
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122
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Rao YK, Fang SH, Tzeng YM. Anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids isolated from Caesalpinia pulcherrima. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 100:249-53. [PMID: 15893896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2004] [Revised: 11/15/2004] [Accepted: 02/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory activities of five flavonoids, namely 5,7-dimethoxyflavanone (1), 5,7-dimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyflavanone (2), isobonducellin (3), 2'-hydroxy-2,3,4',6'-tetramethoxychalcone (4) and bonducellin (5), all of them isolated from Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. was studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-gamma activated murine peritoneal macrophages. These five compounds significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the inflammatory mediators; nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-12]. According to their inhibitory results, the order of anti-inflammatory potency was compounds 3>5>4>2>1. Furthermore, peritoneal macrophages were pre-activated with LPS/IFN-gamma for 24h, and determined the inhibitory effects of the above-mentioned isolates on the production of NO after a further 24h. The present study supports the use of Caesalpinia pulcherrima for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in traditional medicine. This is the first study on compounds 1-5 about their anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerra Koteswara Rao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, Taichung Country 413, Taiwan, ROC
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123
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Maloney DJ, Deng JZ, Starck SR, Gao Z, Hecht SM. (+)-Myristinin A, a Naturally Occurring DNA Polymerase β Inhibitor and Potent DNA-Damaging Agent. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:4140-1. [PMID: 15783174 DOI: 10.1021/ja042727j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first stereoselective total synthesis of the naturally occurring flavan myristinin A has been accomplished, as well as its biochemical evaluation. This synthesis verified the structural assignment and allowed for the determination of the absolute stereochemistry. Myristinin A exhibits biochemical activity both as a potent DNA-damaging agent and DNA polymerase beta inhibitor. Relaxation of supercoiled plasmid DNA was observed at picomolar concentrations, in addition to inhibition of polymerase beta at low micromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Maloney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
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de S Luna J, dos Santos AF, de Lima MRF, de Omena MC, de Mendonça FAC, Bieber LW, Sant'Ana AEG. A study of the larvicidal and molluscicidal activities of some medicinal plants from northeast Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 97:199-206. [PMID: 15707752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Revised: 10/06/2004] [Accepted: 10/07/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In a search for natural products that could be used to control the vectors of tropical diseases, 23 extracts of medicinal plants from the northeast of Brazil have been tested for molluscicidal activity against egg masses and adults of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata, for larvicidal activity against the larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, and for general toxicity against the larvae of the brine shrimp Artemia salina. Of these extracts, two were active against the adult snail, one against snail egg masses, eight against the larvae of the mosquito, and 16 showed toxicity towards the brine shrimp. Chemical tests indicated that a wide variety of natural product classes were present in those extracts that showed significant activities in the bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de S Luna
- Departamento de Química Fundamental-CCEN, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-901 Recife PE, Brazil
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125
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Amzazi S, Ghoulami S, Bakri Y, Il Idrissi A, Fkih-Tétouani S, Benjouad A. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Inhibitory Activity of Mentha longifolia. Therapie 2003; 58:531-4. [PMID: 15058498 DOI: 10.2515/therapie:2003086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracts from a new chemotype of Mentha longifolia, a mint species that grows spontaneously and widely in the Moroccan mountains, were tested against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We observed that non-toxic concentrations (10 microg/mL) of extracts from this plant, in particular methanol (Ext-1) and ethyl acetate (Ext-3) extracts, significantly inhibit (p < 0.01) HIV-1BaL infection by about 40% and 55%, respectively. In addition, only Ext-3 shows significant (p < 0.008) inhibitory activity (50% inhibition) against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. It is noteworthy that chemical analysis of these extracts suggests that flavonoids, mainly flavones of M. longifolia, may be the major inhibitors of HIV infection. In conclusion, these in vitro data suggest that components of M. longifolia may represent potential anti-HIV agents; the identification of such components is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saaïd Amzazi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Immunologie, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Rabat, Morocco.
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