101
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Schey KL, Wang Z, Friedrich MG, Garland DL, Truscott RJW. Spatiotemporal changes in the human lens proteome: Critical insights into long-lived proteins. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 76:100802. [PMID: 31704338 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ocular lens is a unique tissue that contains an age gradient of cells and proteins ranging from newly differentiated cells containing newly synthesized proteins to cells and proteins that are as old as the organism. Thus, the ocular lens is an excellent model for studying long-lived proteins (LLPs) and the effects of aging and post-translational modifications on protein structure and function. Given the architecture of the lens, with young fiber cells in the outer cortex and the oldest cells in the lens nucleus, spatially-resolved studies provide information on age-specific protein changes. In this review, experimental strategies and proteomic methods that have been used to examine age-related and cataract-specific changes to the human lens proteome are described. Measured spatio-temporal changes in the human lens proteome are summarized and reveal a highly consistent, time-dependent set of modifications observed in transparent human lenses. Such measurements have led to the discovery of cataract-specific modifications and the realization that many animal systems are unsuitable to study many of these modifications. Mechanisms of protein modifications such as deamidation, racemization, truncation, and protein-protein crosslinking are presented and the implications of such mechanisms for other long-lived proteins in other tissues are discussed in the context of age-related neurological diseases. A comprehensive understanding of LLP modifications will enhance our ability to develop new therapies for the delay, prevention or reversal of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, USA.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Michael G Friedrich
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | | | - Roger J W Truscott
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia
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102
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Chen IH, Luo HL, Su YL, Huang CC, Chiang PH, Yu CC, Lee NL, Lin JJ, Sung MT. Aristolochic Acid Affects Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer Behavior through the MAPK Pathway. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203707. [PMID: 31619002 PMCID: PMC6832650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in Taiwan is relatively higher than thatin Western countries. Aristolochic acid (AA), which is widely used in traditional Chinese herbology, is now recognized to be one of the carcinogens for UTUC. Numerous UTUC patients have chronic kidney diseases or end-stage renal diseases; however, little literature hasreported on theoncogenic pathway of AA-related UTUC. The aim of our study was to identify the potential target treatment for AA-related UTUC. Here, we established an AA pre-exposure followed bya 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) stimulus tumorigenic cell model. We not only demonstrated that AA pre-exposure MCA stimulus tumorigenic cells have more behaviors of cell migration and invasion by enhancing the metalloproteinases (MMP) activity, which is compatible with clinical findings of AA-related UTUC, but we also validated that AA pre-exposure MCA stimulus tumorigeniccells could be activated through the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway. We further dissected the route of the MAPK pathway and found that the p38 and extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK) sub-pathways might play essential roles in AA pre-exposure urothelial cancer cell lines. This consequence was also corroborated with a tissue study in AA-exposed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsuan Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
- National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Hao-Lun Luo
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Li Su
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chieh Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Hui Chiang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Cheng Yu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
- National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan.
| | - Nai-Lun Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Jie Lin
- National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Tse Sung
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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103
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Luo ZK, Chen QF, Qu X, Zhou XY. The Roles And Signaling Pathways Of Phosphatidylethanolamine-Binding Protein 4 In Tumors. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7685-7690. [PMID: 31571919 PMCID: PMC6755245 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s216161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (PEBP4) has been found to be highly expressed in many tumors and to be closely related to the proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis of tumors. PEBP4 has also been found to be involved in many cancer-activated signaling pathways and to cause therapeutic resistance. In this study, we first reviewed the morphological structure and expression of PEBP4, then discussed the roles of PEBP4 in individualized treatment of some cancers, and finally explored the possibilities of cultivating PEBP4 as a therapeutic target.We also identified the main signaling pathways in which PEBP4 affects different cancers. It is here concluded that over-expression of PEBP4 can enhance the proliferation and metastasis of the cancer cells and the resistance to radiotherapy/chemotherapy in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Kang Luo
- Department of Clinical Medical, The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong-Feng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Qu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
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104
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Zeng X, Liu Q, Yang Y, Jia W, Li S, He D, Ma R. Placenta-specific protein 8 promotes the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma PC-9 cells and their tolerance to an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor by activating the ERK signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5621-5627. [PMID: 31620204 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta-specific protein 8 (PLAC8) is a conserved protein with a molecular weight of 12.5 kDa. The specific function of this protein has not been fully elucidated, however, PLAC8 has been found to play an important tumor regulatory role in certain types of cancer, including colon, pancreatic and liver cancer. PLAC8 also participates in the regulation of the cell cycle, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and other cellular functions, indicating its potential as a molecular target worth further investigation. The present study investigated the effect of PLAC8 on the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma PC-9 cells and their sensitivity to gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). It was found that the inhibition of PLAC8 expression in PC-9 cells resulted in significantly decreased proliferation, whereas overexpression of PLAC8 significantly increased the proliferation (P<0.05) of PC-9 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of PLAC8 expression resulted in decreased activity of the ERK signaling pathway, while PLAC8 overexpression increased activity of this pathway. Inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway with U0126 reversed the effects induced by inhibiting or overexpressing PLAC8 on cell proliferation. In addition, overexpression of PLAC8 significantly decreased the sensitivity of PC-9 cells to gefitinib, and this effect was reversed by U0126. Overall, these results suggest that PLAC8 is involved in the regulation of proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma PC-9 cells and impacts their sensitivity to an EGFR-TKI. Thus, PLAC8 is a potential novel target in lung adenocarcinoma for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zeng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Sichuan 641000, P.R. China
| | - Weikun Jia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Ruidong Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
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105
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Lu N, Malemud CJ. Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase: A Regulator of Cell Growth, Inflammation, Chondrocyte and Bone Cell Receptor-Mediated Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153792. [PMID: 31382554 PMCID: PMC6696446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family of signaling molecules. ERK is predominantly found in two forms, ERK1 (p44) and ERK2 (p42), respectively. There are also several atypical forms of ERK, including ERK3, ERK4, ERK5 and ERK7. The ERK1/2 signaling pathway has been implicated in many and diverse cellular events, including proliferation, growth, differentiation, cell migration, cell survival, metabolism and transcription. ERK1/2 is activated (i.e., phosphorylated) in the cytosol and subsequently translocated to the nucleus, where it activates transcription factors including, but not limited to, ETS, c-Jun, and Fos. It is not surprising that the ERK1/2 signaling cascade has been implicated in many pathological conditions, namely, cancer, arthritis, chronic inflammation, and osteoporosis. This narrative review examines many of the cellular events in which the ERK1/2 signaling cascade plays a critical role. It is anticipated that agents designed to inhibit ERK1/2 activation or p-ERK1/2 activity will be developed for the treatment of those diseases characterized by dysregulated gene expression through ERK1/2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Charles J Malemud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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106
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Li X, Nie C, Tian B, Tan X, Han W, Wang J, Jin Y, Li Y, Guan X, Hong A, Chen X. miR-671-5p Blocks The Progression Of Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma By Suppressing FGFR2. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1892-1904. [PMID: 31523191 PMCID: PMC6743296 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.32429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common malignant tumor worldwide, of which esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the dominant histological subtype. A drug shortage for ESCC therapy triggered us to explore the roles of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and its upstream regulator miR-671-5p in ESCC progression. We compared the levels of FGFR2 and miR-671-5p between human ESCC tissues and their matched normal esophageal tissues and found an association between higher levels of FGFR2 and lower levels of miR-671-5p in ESCC tissues. High levels of FGFR2 resulted in the activation of the ERK and AKT pathways and a promotion of ESCC progression. High levels of miR-671-5p specifically reduced the expression of FGFR2 and suppressed ESCC progression in both in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, suppressing FGFR2 and enhancing miR-671-5p expression may be the right approaches for ESCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Changjun Nie
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Baoqing Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Tan
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wei Han
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jiakang Wang
- Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510090, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Jin
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yadan Li
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - An Hong
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
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107
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Zhai H, Pan T, Yang H, Wang H, Wang Y. Cadmium induces A549 cell migration and invasion by activating ERK. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1793-1799. [PMID: 31410139 PMCID: PMC6676085 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an established carcinogen that is involved in the progression of lung cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying this Cd-induced process have yet to be fully elucidated. The present study explored the potential roles of phosphorylated (p)-ERK in the Cd-induced migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. An MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability whilst western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression of protein and mRNA, respectively. Migration and invasion assays were performed to assess cell migratory and invasive abilities. The results demonstrated that exposure to Cd increased the expression of p-ERK in A549 cells. Cd also enhanced the migration and invasion of A549 cells, which could be blocked via U0126 treatment (an inhibitor of mitogen activated protein kinase). In addition, it was identified that Cd-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 mRNA was mediated by p-ERK. In conclusion, the present findings indicated that Cd induced A549 cell migration and invasion by activating ERK, and it was hypothesized that p-ERK could serve as a target in the clinical treatment of Cd-induced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Teng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, P.R. China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
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108
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Zhu F, Cheng H, Lei R, Shen C, Liu J, Hou L, Zhang C, Xu Y, Ding R, Cao J. Effects of cooking oil fume derived fine particulate matter on blood vessel formation through the VEGF/VEGFR2/MEK1/2/ERK1/2/mTOR pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 69:112-119. [PMID: 31026735 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In China, cooking oil fume derived fine particulate matter (COF-derived PM2.5) is a principal source of indoor air pollution. Here, we investigated cytotoxicity of COF-derived PM2.5, as well as the roles of VEGF, VEGFR2, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and mTOR cascade in the inhibitory effects of COF-derived PM2.5, on angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). After exposure to COF-derived PM2.5, cell viability and tube formation, as well as protein and mRNA levels of VEGF, VEGFR2, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and mTOR in HUVECs were measured. Cell viability and number of tubes reduced dose-dependently after COF-derived PM2.5 and SU5416 treatment. In addition, SU5416 and VEGF significantly affected tube formation. The protein and mRNA levels of VEGF, VEGFR2, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and mTOR all tended to reduce with the increase of COF-derived PM2.5 concentrations. These findings demonstrate that VEGF, VEGFR2, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and mTOR play key roles in COF-derived PM2.5 induced inhibition of angiogenesis in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Ruoqian Lei
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Chaowei Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Lijuan Hou
- Xuzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yachun Xu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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109
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Cao H, Wang Q, Gao Z, Xu X, Lu Q, Wu Y. Clinical value of detecting IQGAP3, B7-H4 and cyclooxygenase-2 in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:163. [PMID: 31223291 PMCID: PMC6570966 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The IQ-motif-containing GTPase-activating protein (IQGAP) family comprises three members, IQGAP1, IQGAP2 and IQGAP3. IQGAP3 is the latest addition to the family. This study mainly investigated the novel marker IQGAP3 at serum and tumor tissue levels compared with the markers B7-H4 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and in healthy individuals, aiming to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of IQGAP3 for CRC. Materials and methods Serum samples were collected prior to any therapy in 118 CRC patients and as part of a routine examination in 85 healthy individuals. Serum IQGAP3, B7-H4 and COX-2 levels were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the IQGAP3, B7-H4 and COX-2 in tumor tissues and normal para-carcinoma tissues. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate and compare the diagnostic value of different serum tumor markers. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the prognostic risk factors for CRC. Results IQGAP3, B7-H4 and COX-2 showed low or high expression in tumor tissues while no expression in normal para-carcinoma tissues. Serum levels of IQGAP3 in CRC group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group (P < 0.001). The IQGAP3 AUC was 0.799, while the B7-H4 AUC was 0.795 and the COX-2 AUC was 0.796. IQGAP3 seemed to be superior to B7-H4 and COX-2 in detecting CRC, with the highest sensitivity among the three markers. Multivariate analysis showed that T stage, N stage, differentiation degree, TNM stage and both serum and tissue IQGAP3, B7-H4 and COX-2 levels were significant prognostic factors for CRC. Conclusions IQGAP3 has a better diagnostic efficacy than B7-H4 and COX-2 in detecting CRC and it has value in predicting the prognosis of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213000 Jiangsu China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213000 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhenyan Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213000 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213000 Jiangsu China
| | - Qicheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213000 Jiangsu China
| | - Yugang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213000 Jiangsu China
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110
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Guo Z, Song J, Hao J, Zhao H, Du X, Li E, Kuang Y, Yang F, Wang W, Deng J, Wang Q. M2 macrophages promote NSCLC metastasis by upregulating CRYAB. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:377. [PMID: 31097690 PMCID: PMC6522541 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) affect cancer progression is not fully understood. This study developed a microfluidic-based co-culture device to mimic the tumor microenvironment to assess TAM effects on invasion and metastasis in NSCLC. The results showed lung carcinoma cells could cause macrophages to show the M2 (a TAM-like) phenotype, and these M2 macrophages promoted lung cancer cell EMT and invasion. Proteomic analysis by the iTRAQ quantitation strategy and GO ontology of the cancer cells indicated that αB-Crystallin (CRYAB) might be involved in this process. Further, we confirmed the role of CRYAB in cancer invasion and metastasis through cell and animal experiments, as well as human cancer tissue assessment. Overall, we demonstrated that M2 macrophages promote malignancy in lung cancer through the EMT by upregulating CRYAB expression and activating the ERK1/2/Fra-1/slug signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junxia Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Department of Scientific Research Center, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Encheng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanbin Kuang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals and Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiong Deng
- Translation Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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111
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Nishi C, Yanagihashi Y, Segawa K, Nagata S. MERTK tyrosine kinase receptor together with TIM4 phosphatidylserine receptor mediates distinct signal transduction pathways for efferocytosis and cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7221-7230. [PMID: 30846565 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cells expose phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) on their surface, leading to efferocytosis, i.e. their engulfment by resident macrophages that express the PtdSer receptor T cell immunoglobulin mucin receptor 4 (TIM4) and TAM family receptor tyrosine kinase receptors (MERTK, AXL, and TYRO3). TAM family receptors stimulate cell proliferation, and the many aspects of the growth signaling pathway downstream of TAM family receptors have been elucidated previously. However, the signaling cascade for TAM receptor-mediated efferocytosis has been elusive. Here we observed that efferocytosis by mouse-resident peritoneal macrophages was blocked by inhibitors against the MERTK, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK), AKT Ser/Thr kinase (AKT), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), or STAT6 pathway. Accordingly, apoptotic cells stimulated the phosphorylation of MERTK, ERK, AKT, FAK, and STAT6, but not of IκB or STAT5. A reconstituted efferocytosis system using MERTK- and TIM4-expressing NIH3T3-derived cells revealed that the juxtamembrane and C-terminal regions of MERTK have redundant roles in efferocytosis. The transformation of murine IL-3-dependent Ba/F3 cells (a pro-B cell line) with MERTK and TIM4 enabled them to proliferate in response to apoptotic cells in a PtdSer-dependent manner. This apoptotic cell-induced MERTK-mediated proliferation required both MERTK's juxtamembrane and C-terminal regions and was blocked by inhibitors of not only ERK, AKT, FAK, and STAT6 but also of NF-κB and STAT5 signaling. These results suggest that apoptotic cells stimulate distinct sets of signal transduction pathways via MERTK to induce either efferocytosis or proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Nishi
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yanagihashi
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsumori Segawa
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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112
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Wang N, Li Y, Wei J, Pu J, Liu R, Yang Q, Guan H, Shi B, Hou P, Ji M. TBX1 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in Thyroid Cancer Through Inhibiting the Activities of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK Pathways. Thyroid 2019; 29:378-394. [PMID: 30543152 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TBX1 is a member of the T-box family of transcription factors characterized by a conserved DNA binding domain termed T-box. TBX1 has been reported to be downregulated in mouse skin tumors and is considered a negative regulator of tumor cell growth in mice. However, its role and exact mechanism in human cancers, including thyroid cancer, remain totally unknown. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays were performed to evaluate the expression of investigated genes. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing were used to analyze TBX1 promoter methylation. The biological functions of TBX1 in thyroid cancer cells were determined by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to identify its downstream targets. RESULTS This study demonstrates that TBX1 is frequently downregulated by promoter methylation in both papillary thyroid cancers and thyroid cancer cell lines. Ectopic expression of TBX1 in thyroid cancer cells dramatically inhibits cell viability, colony formation, and tumorigenic potential in nude mice, and induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis through modulating a panel of cell-cycle and apoptosis-related genes. In addition, ectopic expression of TBX1 significantly decreases the migration and invasion potential of thyroid cancer cells through inhibiting the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases. On the other hand, TBX1 knockdown markedly promotes thyroid cancer cell viability and invasiveness. Mechanistically, TBX1 exerts its tumor suppressor function in thyroid cancer cells through inhibiting phosphorylation of AKT at Ser473 and ERK via regulating its downstream targets such as RNF41, PARK2, and PHLPP2. CONCLUSIONS The data show that TBX1 is frequently inactivated by promoter methylation and functions as a potential tumor suppressor in thyroid cancer through inhibiting the activities of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yiqi Li
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wei
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jun Pu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- 2 Department of Radio-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Guan
- 3 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
- 4 Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Peng Hou
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
- 4 Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Meiju Ji
- 5 Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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ERK Activity Imaging During Migration of Living Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030679. [PMID: 30764494 PMCID: PMC6387119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a major downstream factor of the EGFR-RAS-RAF signalling pathway, and thus the role of ERK in cell growth has been widely examined. The development of biosensors based on fluorescent proteins has enabled us to measure ERK activities in living cells, both after growth factor stimulation and in its absence. Long-term imaging unexpectedly revealed the oscillative activation of ERK in an epithelial sheet or a cyst in vitro. Studies using transgenic mice expressing the ERK biosensor have revealed inhomogeneous ERK activities among various cell species. In vivo Förster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging shed light on a novel role of ERK in cell migration. Neutrophils and epithelial cells in various organs such as intestine, skin, lung and bladder showed spatio-temporally different cell dynamics and ERK activities. Experiments using inhibitors confirmed that ERK activities are required for various pathological responses, including epithelial repair after injuries, inflammation, and niche formation of cancer metastasis. In conclusion, biosensors for ERK will be powerful and valuable tools to investigate the roles of ERK in situ.
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114
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Zheng Y, Tu C, Zhang J, Wang J. Inhibition of multiple myeloma‑derived exosomes uptake suppresses the functional response in bone marrow stromal cell. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1061-1070. [PMID: 30664188 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The communication between multiple myeloma (MM) cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) serves a pivotal role in MM progression by supporting MM cell growth, proliferation and drug resistance. An exosomes‑based endogenous transport system has been determined as a novel mechanism of this communication by revealing the capacity for exchange of functional components between cells. An exosomes transfer‑mediated biological response in recipient cells is strongly determined by the detailed routes and mechanisms of exosomes internalization, which are diverse and can depend on surface molecules on the membrane of the vesicle and the recipient cell. Understanding the routes of exosomes uptake during MM cell‑BMSC communication is of great importance for the development of blocking strategies beneficial for MM treatment. In the present study, fluorescently‑labeled exosomes and pharmacological inhibitors, which are known to interfere with different internalization pathways, were used to characterize the cellular mechanisms involved in the uptake of MM cell‑derived exosomes by BMSCs. MM cell‑derived exosomes can promote BMSC viability and induce changes in multiple pro‑survival and pro‑proliferation pathways in BMSCs. As determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, the uptake of MM cell‑derived exosomes proceeded primarily through endocytosis, via special caveolin‑dependent endocytosis, and partially through macropinocytosis and membrane fusion. Furthermore, treatment with endocytosis inhibitors suppressed the exosomes‑induced changes in pathways in BMSCs. Collectively, these results indicate that endocytosis is the primary route of internalization of MM cell‑derived exosomes by BMSCs and indicate that inhibition of exosomes uptake can interrupt the communication between MM cells and BMSCs and thus serve as a potential adjunctive strategy for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Chenggong Tu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Jinheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
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Moreno E, Valon L, Levillayer F, Levayer R. Competition for Space Induces Cell Elimination through Compaction-Driven ERK Downregulation. Curr Biol 2018; 29:23-34.e8. [PMID: 30554899 PMCID: PMC6331351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The plasticity of developing tissues relies on the adjustment of cell survival and growth rate to environmental cues. This includes the effect of mechanical cues on cell survival. Accordingly, compaction of an epithelium can lead to cell extrusion and cell death. This process was proposed to contribute to tissue homeostasis but also to facilitate the expansion of pretumoral cells through the compaction and elimination of the neighboring healthy cells. However, we know very little about the pathways that can trigger apoptosis upon tissue deformation, and the contribution of compaction-driven death to clone expansion has never been assessed in vivo. Using the Drosophila pupal notum and a new live sensor of ERK, we show first that tissue compaction induces cell elimination through the downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor/extracellular signal regulated kinase (EGFR/ERK) pathway and the upregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein Hid. Those results suggest that the sensitivity of EGFR/ERK pathway to mechanics could play a more general role in the fine tuning of cell elimination during morphogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Second, we assessed in vivo the contribution of compaction-driven death to pretumoral cell expansion. We found that the activation of the oncogene Ras in clones can downregulate ERK and activate apoptosis in the neighboring cells through their compaction, which eventually contributes to Ras clone expansion. The mechanical modulation of EGFR/ERK during growth-mediated competition for space may contribute to tumor progression. Caspase activity in Drosophila pupal notum is regulated by EGFR/ERK and hid EGFR/ERK can be activated or downregulated by tissue stretching or compaction Cell compaction near fast-growing clones downregulates ERK and triggers cell death Compaction-driven ERK downregulation promotes fast-growing clone expansion
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Moreno
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Léo Valon
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Florence Levillayer
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Romain Levayer
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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Luteolin Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in Mouse Macrophage ANA-1 Cells via the Bcl-2 Pathway. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:4623919. [PMID: 30246034 PMCID: PMC6136535 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4623919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants rich in luteolin have been used as Chinese traditional medicines for inflammatory diseases, hypertension, and cancer. However, little is known about the effect of luteolin on the apoptosis or autophagy of the macrophages. In this study, mouse macrophage ANA-1 cells were incubated with different concentrations of luteolin. The viability of the cells was determined by an MTT assay, apoptosis was determined by flow cytometric analysis, the level of cell autophagy was observed by confocal microscopy, and the expression levels of apoptotic or autophagic and antiapoptotic or antiautophagic proteins were detected by Western blot analysis. The results showed that luteolin decreased the viability of ANA-1 cells and induced apoptosis and autophagy. Luteolin induced apoptosis accompanied by downregulation of the expression of Bcl-2 and upregulation of the expression of caspase 3 and caspase 8. And luteolin increased FITC-LC3 punctate fluorescence accompanied by the increased expression levels of LC3-I, ATG7, and ATG12, while it suppressed the expression level of Beclin-1. Luteolin treatment resulted in obvious activation of the p38, JNK, and Akt signaling pathways, which is important in modulating apoptosis and autophagy. Thus, we concluded that luteolin induced the apoptosis and autophagy of ANA-1 cells most likely by regulating the p38, JNK, and Akt pathways, inhibiting the activity of Bcl-2 and Beclin-1 and upregulating caspase 3 and caspase 8 expression. These results provide novel insights into a therapeutic strategy to prevent and possibly treat macrophage-related diseases through luteolin-induced apoptosis and autophagy.
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117
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Lee JS, Lee MS, Cha EY, Thuong PT, Sul JY, Park JB, Ko YB. A natural ent‑kaurane diterpenoid induces antiproliferation in ovarian cancer cells via ERK1/2 regulation and inhibition of cellular migration and invasion. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3898-3906. [PMID: 30106144 PMCID: PMC6131655 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common causes of female mortalities from gynecological tumors. An ent‑kaurane diterpenoid compound CRT1 (ent‑18‑acetoxy‑7β‑hydroxy kaur‑15‑oxo‑16‑ene), mainly isolated from the Vietnamese herb Croton tonkinesis has been used in folk medicine in Vietnam for cancer treatment. However, the effect of this compound on human ovarian cancer cells has not yet been reported. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of CRT1 on the cell viability, apoptosis and metastasis of SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cells using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, flow cytometric analysis of Annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining, western blot analysis, soft agar colony forming assay, wound healing assay and Matrigel invasion assay. The results revealed that CRT1 possessed significant anti‑proliferative effects on SKOV3 cells. CRT1 treatment at 25 and 50 µM induced apoptosis, enhanced the percentage of Annexin V‑positive cells, increased the expression of pro‑apoptotic protein B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X protein, cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol, cleaved caspase‑3, caspase‑7, caspase‑9, and poly (adenosine diphosphate‑ribose) polymerase. However, it decreased the expression of Bcl‑2 in a dose‑dependent manner. The percentage of necrotic cells increased following CRT1 treatment at <10 µM. CRT1 at 50 µM significantly induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK). Growth inhibition and the apoptotic effects of CRT1 could be reversed by PD98059, an ERK inhibitor. Additionally, CRT1 inhibited cell migration and invasion via ERK1/2 activation in SKOV3 cells. These results indicated that CRT1, an ent‑kaurane diterpenoid, may be a potential inhibitor of ovarian cancer by the activating ERK1/2/p90 ribosomal S6 kinase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun Lee
- Department of Surgery and Research Institute for Medicinal Sciences, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sun Lee
- Surgical Oncology Research Lab, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Cha
- Surgical Oncology Research Lab, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Phuong Thien Thuong
- Department of Herbal Analysis and Standardization, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Ji Young Sul
- Department of Surgery and Research Institute for Medicinal Sciences, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Beom Park
- Department of Surgery and Research Institute for Medicinal Sciences, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bok Ko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Research Institute for Medicinal Sciences, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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118
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Vanhamme L, Zouaoui Boudjeltia K, Van Antwerpen P, Delporte C. The other myeloperoxidase: Emerging functions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 649:1-14. [PMID: 29614255 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a member of the mammalian peroxidase family. It is mainly expressed in neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages. As a catalyzer of reactive oxidative species and radical species formation, it contributes to neutrophil bactericidal activity. Nevertheless MPO invalidation does not seem to have major health consequences in affected individuals. This suggests that MPO might have alternative functions supporting its conservation during evolution. We will review the available data supporting these non-canonical functions in terms of tissue specific expression, function and enzymatic activity. Thus, we discuss its cell type specific expression. We review in between others its roles in angiogenesis, endothelial (dys-) function, immune reaction, and inflammation. We summarize its pathological actions in clinical conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Vanhamme
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, IBMM, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium.
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, RD3, and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, RD3, and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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119
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Wu Z, Wang T, Fang M, Huang W, Sun Z, Xiao J, Yan W. MFAP5 promotes tumor progression and bone metastasis by regulating ERK/MMP signaling pathways in breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018. [PMID: 29526753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for about 30% of all cancers in women, while approximately 70% breast cancer patients developed bone metastases throughout the course of their disease, highlighting the importance of exploring new therapeutic targets. Microfibrillar-associated protein 5 (MFAP5) is a component of extracellular elastic microfibril which has been confirmed to function in tissue development and cancer progression. But the role of MFAP5 in breast cancer remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that MFAP5 was up-regulated in breast cancers compared with that in normal breast tissues, and further increased in breast cancer bone metastasis. Functionally, MFAP5 overexpression accelerated breast cancer cell proliferation and migration, while an opposite effect was observed when MFAP5 was knocked down. In addition, up-regulation of MFAP5 increased the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 and activated the ERK signaling pathway. Conversely, inhibition of MFAP5 suppressed the expression of MMP2, MMP9, p-FAK, p-Erk1/2 and p-cJun. These findings may provide a better understanding about the mechanism of breast cancer and suggest that MFAP5 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer, especially for bone metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Fang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wending Huang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwang Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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120
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Liang D. A Salutary Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Intercellular Tunnel-Mediated Communication. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:2. [PMID: 29503816 PMCID: PMC5821100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species, generally labeled toxic due to high reactivity without target specificity, are gradually uncovered as signaling molecules involved in a myriad of biological processes. But one important feature of ROS roles in macromolecule movement has not caught attention until recent studies with technique advance and design elegance have shed lights on ROS signaling for intercellular and interorganelle communication. This review begins with the discussions of genetic and chemical studies on the regulation of symplastic dye movement through intercellular tunnels in plants (plasmodesmata), and focuses on the ROS regulatory mechanisms concerning macromolecule movement including small RNA-mediated gene silencing movement and protein shuttling between cells. Given the premise that intercellular tunnels (bridges) in mammalian cells are the key physical structures to sustain intercellular communication, movement of macromolecules and signals is efficiently facilitated by ROS-induced membrane protrusions formation, which is analogously applied to the interorganelle communication in plant cells. Although ROS regulatory differences between plant and mammalian cells exist, the basis for ROS-triggered conduit formation underlies a unifying conservative theme in multicellular organisms. These mechanisms may represent the evolutionary advances that have enabled multicellularity to gain the ability to generate and utilize ROS to govern material exchanges between individual cells in oxygenated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Liang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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121
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Ježek J, Cooper KF, Strich R. Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Dynamics: The Yin and Yang of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cancer Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E13. [PMID: 29337889 PMCID: PMC5789323 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles with a highly dynamic ultrastructure maintained by a delicate equilibrium between its fission and fusion rates. Understanding the factors influencing this balance is important as perturbations to mitochondrial dynamics can result in pathological states. As a terminal site of nutrient oxidation for the cell, mitochondrial powerhouses harness energy in the form of ATP in a process driven by the electron transport chain. Contemporaneously, electrons translocated within the electron transport chain undergo spontaneous side reactions with oxygen, giving rise to superoxide and a variety of other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrially-derived ROS can mediate redox signaling or, in excess, cause cell injury and even cell death. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial ultrastructure is tightly coupled to ROS generation depending on the physiological status of the cell. Yet, the mechanism by which changes in mitochondrial shape modulate mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis is less clear. Aberrant mitochondrial morphology may lead to enhanced ROS formation, which, in turn, may deteriorate mitochondrial health and further exacerbate oxidative stress in a self-perpetuating vicious cycle. Here, we review the latest findings on the intricate relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and ROS production, focusing mainly on its role in malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ježek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
| | - Katrina F Cooper
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
| | - Randy Strich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
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122
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Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Markers. BIOMATHEMATICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL MODELING OF THE CIRCULATORY AND VENTILATORY SYSTEMS 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123062 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89315-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk is assessed for the prediction and appropriate management of patients using collections of identified risk markers obtained from clinical questionnaire information, concentrations of certain blood molecules (e.g., N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide fragment and soluble receptors of tumor-necrosis factor-α and interleukin-2), imaging data using various modalities, and electrocardiographic variables, in addition to traditional risk factors.
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