101
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Hess SK, Lepetit B, Kroth PG, Mecking S. Production of chemicals from microalgae lipids - status and perspectives. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra K. Hess
- Department of Chemistry; Chair of Chemical Materials Science; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
| | - Bernard Lepetit
- Department of Biology; Plant Ecology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
| | - Peter G. Kroth
- Department of Biology; Plant Ecology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry; Chair of Chemical Materials Science; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
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103
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Lyophilization pretreatment facilitates extraction of soluble proteins and active enzymes from the oil-accumulating microalga Chlorella vulgaris. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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104
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Flow cytometry to estimate the cell disruption yield and biomass release of Chlorella sp. during bead milling. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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105
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Beacham TA, Sweet JB, Allen MJ. Large scale cultivation of genetically modified microalgae: A new era for environmental risk assessment. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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106
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Du Y, Schuur B, Brilman DWF. Maximizing Lipid Yield in Neochloris oleoabundans Algae Extraction by Stressing and Using Multiple Extraction Stages with N-Ethylbutylamine as Switchable Solvent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017; 56:8073-8080. [PMID: 28781427 PMCID: PMC5526653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The extraction yield of lipids from nonbroken Neochloris
oleoabundans was maximized by using multiple extraction
stages and using stressed algae. Experimental parameters that affect
the extraction were investigated. The study showed that with wet algae
(at least) 18 h extraction time was required for maximum yield at
room temperature and a solvent/feed ratio of 1:1 (w/w). For fresh
water (FW), nonstressed, nonbroken Neochloris oleoabundans, 13.1 wt % of lipid extraction yield (based on dry algae mass) was
achieved, which could be improved to 61.3 wt % for FW stressed algae
after four extractions, illustrating that a combination of stressing
the algae and applying the solvent N-ethylbutylamine in multiple stages
of extraction results in almost 5 times higher yield and is very promising
for further development of energy-efficient lipid extraction technology
targeting nonbroken wet microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Du
- Sustainable Process Technology Group (SPT), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Boelo Schuur
- Sustainable Process Technology Group (SPT), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Derk W F Brilman
- Sustainable Process Technology Group (SPT), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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107
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Sharma A, Arya SK. Hydrogen from algal biomass: A review of production process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 15:63-69. [PMID: 28702371 PMCID: PMC5491395 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biohydrogen Production Processes. Microorganisms involved in biohydrogen production processes. Immobilization methods of microalgae. Bioreactors for biohydrogen production process.
Multifariousness of biofuel sources has marked an edge to an imperative energy issue. Production of hydrogen from microalgae has been gathering much contemplation right away. But, mercantile production of microalgae biofuels considering bio-hydrogen is still not practicable because of low biomass concentration and costly down streaming processes. This review has taken up the hydrogen production by microalgae. Biofuels are the up and coming alternative to exhaustible, environmentally and unsafe fossil fuels. Algal biomass has been considered as an enticing raw material for biofuel production, these days photobioreactors and open-air systems are being used for hydrogen production from algal biomass. The formers allow the careful cultivation control whereas the latter ones are cheaper and simpler. A contemporary, encouraging optimization access has been included called algal cell immobilization on various matrixes which has resulted in marked increase in the productivity per volume of a reactor and addition of the hydrogen-production phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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108
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Young P, Taylor M, Fallowfield HJ. Mini-review: high rate algal ponds, flexible systems for sustainable wastewater treatment. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:117. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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109
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Boli E, Savvidou M, Logothetis D, Louli V, Pappa G, Voutsas E, Kolisis F, Magoulas K. Magnetic harvesting of marine algae Nannochloropsis oceanica. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2017.1296463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Boli
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M. Savvidou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - D. Logothetis
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - V. Louli
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G. Pappa
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E. Voutsas
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - F. Kolisis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - K. Magoulas
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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110
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Yenkie KM, Wu W, Maravelias CT. Synthesis and analysis of separation networks for the recovery of intracellular chemicals generated from microbial-based conversions. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:119. [PMID: 28503196 PMCID: PMC5422901 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioseparations can contribute to more than 70% in the total production cost of a bio-based chemical, and if the desired chemical is localized intracellularly, there can be additional challenges associated with its recovery. Based on the properties of the desired chemical and other components in the stream, there can be multiple feasible options for product recovery. These options are composed of several alternative technologies, performing similar tasks. The suitability of a technology for a particular chemical depends on (1) its performance parameters, such as separation efficiency; (2) cost or amount of added separating agent; (3) properties of the bioreactor effluent (e.g., biomass titer, product content); and (4) final product specifications. Our goal is to first synthesize alternative separation options and then analyze how technology selection affects the overall process economics. To achieve this, we propose an optimization-based framework that helps in identifying the critical technologies and parameters. RESULTS We study the separation networks for two representative classes of chemicals based on their properties. The separation network is divided into three stages: cell and product isolation (stage I), product concentration (II), and product purification and refining (III). Each stage exploits differences in specific product properties for achieving the desired product quality. The cost contribution analysis for the two cases (intracellular insoluble and intracellular soluble) reveals that stage I is the key cost contributor (>70% of the overall cost). Further analysis suggests that changes in input conditions and technology performance parameters lead to new designs primarily in stage I. CONCLUSIONS The proposed framework provides significant insights for technology selection and assists in making informed decisions regarding technologies that should be used in combination for a given set of stream/product properties and final output specifications. Additionally, the parametric sensitivity provides an opportunity to make crucial design and selection decisions in a comprehensive and rational manner. This will prove valuable in the selection of chemicals to be produced using bioconversions (bioproducts) as well as in creating better bioseparation flow sheets for detailed economic assessment and process implementation on the commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti M. Yenkie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1691 USA
| | - Wenzhao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1691 USA
| | - Christos T. Maravelias
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1691 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave, Madison, WI 53726 USA
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111
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Ahmed NB, Ronsin O, Mouton L, Sicard C, Yéprémian C, Baumberger T, Brayner R, Coradin T. The physics and chemistry of silica-in-silicates nanocomposite hydrogels and their phycocompatibility. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:2931-2940. [PMID: 32263986 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Silicates-in-silica nanocomposite hydrogels obtained from sodium silicates/colloidal silica mixtures have previously been found to be useful for bacterial encapsulation. However the extension of synthesis conditions and the understanding of their impact on the silica matrix would widen the applicability of this process in terms of encapsulated organisms and the host properties. Here the influence of silicates and the colloidal silica concentration as well as pH conditions on the gel time, the optical properties, the structural and mechanical properties of silica matrices was studied. We show that gel formation is driven by silicate condensation but that the aggregation of silica colloids also has a major influence on the transparency and structure of the nanocomposites. Three different photosynthetic organisms, cyanobacteria Anabaena flos-aquae and two microalgae Chorella vulgaris and Euglena gracilis, were used as probes of the phycocompatibility of the process. The three organisms were highly sensitive to the silicate concentration, which impacts both the gelation time and ionic strength conditions. The Ludox content was crucial for cyanobacteria as it strongly impacts the Young's modulus of the matrices. The detrimental effect of acidic pH on cell suspension was compensated by the silica network. Overall, it is now possible to select optimal encapsulation conditions based on the physiology of the targeted cells, opening wide perspectives for the design of biosensors and bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Ben Ahmed
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
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112
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Saidu H, Jamaluddin H, Iwamoto K, Md. Salleh M, Yahya A, Eva Mohama S. Low-cost Biodiesel Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ajaps.2017.57.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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113
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Úbeda B, Gálvez JÁ, Michel M, Bartual A. Microalgae cultivation in urban wastewater: Coelastrum cf. pseudomicroporum as a novel carotenoid source and a potential microalgae harvesting tool. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 228:210-217. [PMID: 28064133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the optimal growth and high value-added production of the microalgae Coelastrum cf. pseudomicroporum Korshikov cultivated in urban wastewater. It was observed that C. cf. pseudomicroporum grew ideally in this medium, acting as an efficient nutrient starver. Additionally, the obtained biomass increased carotenoid cell content after saltwater stress. The effects of light intensity and salt stress on its growth rate were analysed. The results showed that this alga can grow very fast using wastewater as culture medium, reaching maximum growth rates of 1.61±0.05day-1, and tolerating strong irradiances. It was also found that under salt-stress this species could accumulate carotenoids (range 1.73-91.2pgcell-1). Moreover, a good harvesting efficiency (96.84%) was observed using Coelastrum exudates as bioflocculant of Scenedesmus sp., so Coelastrum exudates could act as a potential bioflocculant for other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Úbeda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avda. República Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Ángel Gálvez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avda. República Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Mónica Michel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avda. República Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ana Bartual
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avda. República Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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114
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Aida TM, Maruta R, Tanabe Y, Oshima M, Nonaka T, Kujiraoka H, Kumagai Y, Ota M, Suzuki I, Watanabe MM, Inomata H, Smith RL. Nutrient recycle from defatted microalgae (Aurantiochytrium) with hydrothermal treatment for microalgae cultivation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 228:186-192. [PMID: 28063361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Defatted heterotrophic microalgae (Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21) was treated with high temperature water (175-350°C, 10-90min) to obtain nitrogen and phosphorous nutrients as a water soluble fraction (WS). Yields of nitrogen and phosphorous recovered in WS varied from 38 to 100% and from 57 to 99%, respectively. Maximum yields of nitrogen containing compounds in WS were proteins (43%), amino acids (12%) and ammonia (60%) at treatment temperatures of 175, 250 and 350°C, respectively. Maximum yield of phosphorous in WS was 99% at a treatment temperature of 250°C. Cultivation experiments of microalgae (A. limacinum SR21) using WS obtained at 200 and 250°C showed positive growth. Water soluble fractions from hydrothermal treatment of defatted microalgae are effective nitrogen and phosphorous nutrient sources for microalgae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Michael Aida
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Ryouma Maruta
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuuhiko Tanabe
- Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Minori Oshima
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nonaka
- Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kujiraoka
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kumagai
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masaki Ota
- Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Iwane Suzuki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Makoto M Watanabe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inomata
- Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Richard L Smith
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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115
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Ren X, Zhao X, Turcotte F, Deschênes JS, Tremblay R, Jolicoeur M. Current lipid extraction methods are significantly enhanced adding a water treatment step in Chlorella protothecoides. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:26. [PMID: 28187768 PMCID: PMC5303247 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microalgae have the potential to rapidly accumulate lipids of high interest for the food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and energy (e.g. biodiesel) industries. However, current lipid extraction methods show efficiency limitation and until now, extraction protocols have not been fully optimized for specific lipid compounds. The present study thus presents a novel lipid extraction method, consisting in the addition of a water treatment of biomass between the two-stage solvent extraction steps of current extraction methods. The resulting modified method not only enhances lipid extraction efficiency, but also yields a higher triacylglycerols (TAG) ratio, which is highly desirable for biodiesel production. Results Modification of four existing methods using acetone, chloroform/methanol (Chl/Met), chloroform/methanol/H2O (Chl/Met/H2O) and dichloromethane/methanol (Dic/Met) showed respective lipid extraction yield enhancement of 72.3, 35.8, 60.3 and 60.9%. The modified acetone method resulted in the highest extraction yield, with 68.9 ± 0.2% DW total lipids. Extraction of TAG was particularly improved with the water treatment, especially for the Chl/Met/H2O and Dic/Met methods. The acetone method with the water treatment led to the highest extraction level of TAG with 73.7 ± 7.3 µg/mg DW, which is 130.8 ± 10.6% higher than the maximum value obtained for the four classical methods (31.9 ± 4.6 µg/mg DW). Interestingly, the water treatment preferentially improved the extraction of intracellular fractions, i.e. TAG, sterols, and free fatty acids, compared to the lipid fractions of the cell membranes, which are constituted of phospholipids (PL), acetone mobile polar lipids and hydrocarbons. Finally, from the 32 fatty acids analyzed for both neutral lipids (NL) and polar lipids (PL) fractions, it is clear that the water treatment greatly improves NL-to-PL ratio for the four standard methods assessed. Conclusion Water treatment of biomass after the first solvent extraction step helps the subsequent release of intracellular lipids in the second extraction step, thus improving the global lipids extraction yield. In addition, the water treatment positively modifies the intracellular lipid class ratios of the final extract, in which TAG ratio is significantly increased without changes in the fatty acids composition. The novel method thus provides an efficient way to improve lipid extraction yield of existing methods, as well as selectively favoring TAG, a lipid of the upmost interest for biodiesel production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0633-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Ren
- Research Laboratory in Applied Metabolic Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montreal, P.O. Box 6079, Centre-ville Station, Montreal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Xinhe Zhao
- Research Laboratory in Applied Metabolic Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montreal, P.O. Box 6079, Centre-ville Station, Montreal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - François Turcotte
- Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | | | - Réjean Tremblay
- Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Mario Jolicoeur
- Research Laboratory in Applied Metabolic Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montreal, P.O. Box 6079, Centre-ville Station, Montreal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
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116
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Aléman-Nava GS, Muylaert K, Cuellar Bermudez SP, Depraetere O, Rittmann B, Parra-Saldívar R, Vandamme D. Two-stage cultivation of Nannochloropsis oculata for lipid production using reversible alkaline flocculation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 226:18-23. [PMID: 27988475 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-stage cultivation for microalgae biomass is a promising strategy to boost lipid accumulation and productivity. Most of the currently described processes use energy-intensive centrifugation for cell separation after the first cultivation stage. This laboratory study evaluated alkaline flocculation as low-cost alternative separation method to harvest Nannochloropsis oculata prior to cultivation in the second nutrient-depleted cultivation stage. Biomass concentration over time and the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II expressed as Fv:Fm ratio showed identical patterns for both harvesting methods in both stages. The composition of total lipids, carbohydrates, and protein was similar for biomass harvested via alkaline flocculation or centrifugation. Likewise, both harvest methods yielded the same increase in total lipid content, to 40% within the first 2days of the nutrient-depleted stage, with an enrichment in C16 fatty acid methyl esters. Centrifugation can therefore be replaced with alkaline flocculation to harvest Nannochloropsis oculata after the first cultivation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibran Sidney Aléman-Nava
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - Koenraad Muylaert
- KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Orily Depraetere
- KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Bruce Rittmann
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico; Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, PO Box 875701, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - Dries Vandamme
- KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
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117
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Forfang K, Zimmermann B, Kosa G, Kohler A, Shapaval V. FTIR Spectroscopy for Evaluation and Monitoring of Lipid Extraction Efficiency for Oleaginous Fungi. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170611. [PMID: 28118388 PMCID: PMC5261814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess whether Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy could be used to evaluate and monitor lipid extraction processes, the extraction methods of Folch, Bligh and Lewis were used. Biomass of the oleaginous fungi Mucor circinelloides and Mortierella alpina were employed as lipid-rich material for the lipid extraction. The presence of lipids was determined by recording infrared spectra of all components in the lipid extraction procedure, such as the biomass before and after extraction, the water and extract phases. Infrared spectra revealed the incomplete extraction after all three extraction methods applied to M.circinelloides and it was shown that mechanical disruption using bead beating and HCl treatment were necessary to complete the extraction in this species. FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify components, such as polyphosphates, that may have negatively affected the extraction process and resulted in differences in extraction efficiency between M.circinelloides and M.alpina. Residual lipids could not be detected in the infrared spectra of M.alpina biomass after extraction using the Folch and Lewis methods, indicating their complete lipid extraction in this species. Bligh extraction underestimated the fatty acid content of both M.circinelloides and M.alpina biomass and an increase in the initial solvent-to-sample ratio (from 3:1 to 20:1) was needed to achieve complete extraction and a lipid-free IR spectrum. In accordance with previous studies, the gravimetric lipid yield was shown to overestimate the potential of the SCO producers and FAME quantification in GC-FID was found to be the best-suited method for lipid quantification. We conclude that FTIR spectroscopy can serve as a tool for evaluating the lipid extraction efficiency, in addition to identifying components that may affect lipid extraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Forfang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Nofima AS, Ås, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Boris Zimmermann
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Gergely Kosa
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Nofima AS, Ås, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Volha Shapaval
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Nofima AS, Ås, Norway
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118
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Kenny P, Flynn KJ. Physiology limits commercially viable photoautotrophic production of microalgal biofuels. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2017; 29:2713-2727. [PMID: 29213181 PMCID: PMC5705747 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-017-1214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Algal biofuels have been offered as an alternative to fossil fuels, based on claims that microalgae can provide a highly productive source of compounds as feedstocks for sustainable transport fuels. Life cycle analyses identify algal productivity as a critical factor affecting commercial and environmental viability. Here, we use mechanistic modelling of the biological processes driving microalgal growth to explore optimal production scenarios in an industrial setting, enabling us to quantify limits to algal biofuels potential. We demonstrate how physiological and operational trade-offs combine to restrict the potential for solar-powered algal-biodiesel production in open ponds to a ceiling of ca. 8000 L ha-1 year-1. For industrial-scale operations, practical considerations limit production to ca. 6000 L ha-1 year-1. According to published economic models and life cycle analyses, such production rates cannot support long-term viable commercialisation of solar-powered cultivation of natural microalgae strains exclusively as feedstock for biofuels. The commercial viability of microalgal biofuels depends critically upon limitations in microalgal physiology (primarily in rates of C-fixation); we discuss the scope for addressing this bottleneck concluding that even deployment of genetically modified microalgae with radically enhanced characteristics would leave a very significant logistical if not financial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kenny
- Biosciences, Wallace Building, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP UK
| | - Kevin J. Flynn
- Biosciences, Wallace Building, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP UK
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119
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Jeong J, Baek K, Kirst H, Melis A, Jin E. Loss of CpSRP54 function leads to a truncated light-harvesting antenna size in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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120
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Flynn KJ, Kenny P, Mitra A. Minimising losses to predation during microalgae cultivation. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2017; 29:1829-1840. [PMID: 28775656 PMCID: PMC5514209 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-017-1112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We explore approaches to minimise impacts of zooplanktonic pests upon commercial microalgal crops using system dynamics models to describe algal growth controlled by light and nutrient availability and zooplankton growth controlled by crop abundance and nutritional quality. Losses of microalgal crops are minimised when their growth is fastest and, in contrast, also when growing slowly under conditions of nutrient exhaustion. In many culture systems, however, dwindling light availability due to self-shading in dense suspensions favours slow growth under nutrient sufficiency. Such a situation improves microalgal quality as prey, enhancing zooplankton growth, and leads to rapid crop collapse. Timing of pest entry is important; crop losses are least likely in established, nutrient-exhausted microalgal communities grown for high C-content (e.g. for biofuels). A potentially useful approach is to promote a low level of P-stress that does not adversely affect microalgal growth but which produces a crop that is suboptimal for zooplankton growth.
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121
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Ma J, Wang Z, Zhang J, Waite TD, Wu Z. Cost-effective Chlorella biomass production from dilute wastewater using a novel photosynthetic microbial fuel cell (PMFC). WATER RESEARCH 2017; 108:356-364. [PMID: 27836177 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While microalgae have been suggested as a promising substitute to conventional fossil fuels, their cost effective cultivation and harvesting constitutes a major challenge. In the work described here, a novel photosynthetic microbial fuel cell (PMFC) in which a stainless steel mesh with biofilm formed on it serves as both the cathode and filtration material has been developed. Results of this study reveal that, in addition to inducing oxygen reduction reactions under illumination, the biocathode is effective in preventing the washout of algae during continuous operation, resulting in retained biomass concentrations reaching 3.5-6.5 g L-1. The maximum output current density reached ∼200 mA m-2 under irradiation, which is comparable with recent PMFC studies. Microbial diversity analyses targeting 16S and 18S rRNA genes indicated that the eukaryotic species belonging to the genus Chlorella was able to sustain its community dominance (>96%) over other competing species over the course of the studies. In the absence of catalysts such as Pt, a consortium of photosynthetic organisms including plant growth-promoting bacteria such as Azospirillum and Rhizobium were overrepresented in the biofilm, with these organisms most likely contributing to cathodic electron transfer. Energy flow analysis suggested that the PMFC system held the potential to achieve theoretical energy balance in simultaneous algae production and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Junyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - T David Waite
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Zhichao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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122
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Fu W, Chaiboonchoe A, Khraiwesh B, Nelson DR, Al-Khairy D, Mystikou A, Alzahmi A, Salehi-Ashtiani K. Algal Cell Factories: Approaches, Applications, and Potentials. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14120225. [PMID: 27983586 PMCID: PMC5192462 DOI: 10.3390/md14120225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of modern biotechnology, microorganisms from diverse lineages have been used to produce bio-based feedstocks and bioactive compounds. Many of these compounds are currently commodities of interest, in a variety of markets and their utility warrants investigation into improving their production through strain development. In this review, we address the issue of strain improvement in a group of organisms with strong potential to be productive “cell factories”: the photosynthetic microalgae. Microalgae are a diverse group of phytoplankton, involving polyphyletic lineage such as green algae and diatoms that are commonly used in the industry. The photosynthetic microalgae have been under intense investigation recently for their ability to produce commercial compounds using only light, CO2, and basic nutrients. However, their strain improvement is still a relatively recent area of work that is under development. Importantly, it is only through appropriate engineering methods that we may see the full biotechnological potential of microalgae come to fruition. Thus, in this review, we address past and present endeavors towards the aim of creating productive algal cell factories and describe possible advantageous future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Fu
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188 Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Amphun Chaiboonchoe
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188 Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Basel Khraiwesh
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188 Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - David R Nelson
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188 Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Dina Al-Khairy
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188 Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Alexandra Mystikou
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188 Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Amnah Alzahmi
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188 Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188 Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188 Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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123
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Lama S, Muylaert K, Karki TB, Foubert I, Henderson RK, Vandamme D. Flocculation properties of several microalgae and a cyanobacterium species during ferric chloride, chitosan and alkaline flocculation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 220:464-470. [PMID: 27611030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Flocculation holds great potential as a low-cost harvesting method for microalgae biomass production. Three flocculation methods (ferric chloride, chitosan, and alkaline flocculation) were compared in this study for the harvesting of 9 different freshwater and marine microalgae and one cyanobacterium species. Ferric chloride resulted in a separation efficiency greater than 90% with a concentration factor (CF) higher than 10 for all species. Chitosan flocculation worked generally very well for freshwater microalgae, but not for marine species. Alkaline flocculation was most efficient for harvesting of Nannochloropsis, Chlamydomonas and Chlorella sp. The concentration factor was highly variable between microalgae species. Generally, minimum flocculant dosages were highly variable across species, which shows that flocculation may be a good harvesting method for some species but not for others. This study shows that microalgae and cyanobacteria species should not be selected solely based on their productivity but also on their potential for low-cost separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjaya Lama
- Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Koenraad Muylaert
- Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Tika Bahadur Karki
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Imogen Foubert
- KU Leuven Kulak, Research Unit Food & Lipids, Department of Molecular and Microbial Systems Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Rita K Henderson
- bioMASS lab, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Dries Vandamme
- Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
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124
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Rathod JP, Prakash G, Vira C, Lali AM. Trehalose phosphate synthase overexpression in Parachlorella kessleri improves growth and photosynthetic performance under high light conditions. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 46:803-809. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1135465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Pralhad Rathod
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Gunjan Prakash
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Chaitali Vira
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Arvind M. Lali
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
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125
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Ochsenreither K, Glück C, Stressler T, Fischer L, Syldatk C. Production Strategies and Applications of Microbial Single Cell Oils. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1539. [PMID: 27761130 PMCID: PMC5050229 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the ω-3 and ω-6 class (e.g., α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid) are essential for maintaining biofunctions in mammalians like humans. Due to the fact that humans cannot synthesize these essential fatty acids, they must be taken up from different food sources. Classical sources for these fatty acids are porcine liver and fish oil. However, microbial lipids or single cell oils, produced by oleaginous microorganisms such as algae, fungi and bacteria, are a promising source as well. These single cell oils can be used for many valuable chemicals with applications not only for nutrition but also for fuels and are therefore an ideal basis for a bio-based economy. A crucial point for the establishment of microbial lipids utilization is the cost-effective production and purification of fuels or products of higher value. The fermentative production can be realized by submerged (SmF) or solid state fermentation (SSF). The yield and the composition of the obtained microbial lipids depend on the type of fermentation and the particular conditions (e.g., medium, pH-value, temperature, aeration, nitrogen source). From an economical point of view, waste or by-product streams can be used as cheap and renewable carbon and nitrogen sources. In general, downstream processing costs are one of the major obstacles to be solved for full economic efficiency of microbial lipids. For the extraction of lipids from microbial biomass cell disruption is most important, because efficiency of cell disruption directly influences subsequent downstream operations and overall extraction efficiencies. A multitude of cell disruption and lipid extraction methods are available, conventional as well as newly emerging methods, which will be described and discussed in terms of large scale applicability, their potential in a modern biorefinery and their influence on product quality. Furthermore, an overview is given about applications of microbial lipids or derived fatty acids with emphasis on food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Ochsenreither
- Technical Biology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Glück
- Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Timo Stressler
- Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Lutz Fischer
- Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph Syldatk
- Technical Biology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe, Germany
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126
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Liu J, Zhang X, Tan T. Mechanistically harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris and Rhodotorula glutinis via modified montmorillonoid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:737-742. [PMID: 27420162 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the flocculation process of Chlorella vulgaris and Rhodotorula glutinis induced by inorganic salts modified montmorillonoid was conducted. The maximum flocculation efficiency (FE) of 98.50% for C. vulgaris and 11.83% for R. glutinis were obtained with 4g/L and 5g/L flocculant within the dosage scope of 1-5g/L. The difference of FE was then thermodynamically explained by the extended DLVO theory and the FE of R. glutinis was mechanically enhanced to 90.66% with 0.06g/L cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) at an optimum pH of 9. After that, aimed to utilize the remainder flocculant capacity, C. vulgaris culture was added to the aggregation of R. glutinis. Fortunately, the coagulation of R. glutinis and C. Vulgaris was achieved with 0.05g/L CPAM and 5g/L flocculant at pH 9 and the FE reached 90.15% and 91.24%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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127
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Fuentes-Grünewald C, Bayliss C, Fonlut F, Chapuli E. Long-term dinoflagellate culture performance in a commercial photobioreactor: Amphidinium carterae case. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:533-540. [PMID: 27395001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the culture performance of a dinoflagellate in a commercial photobioreactor. The results obtained during this long-term experiment allow to confirm that Amphidinium carterae is a promising dinoflagellate that can be exploited successfully in closed systems, in semi-continuous mode in indoor and outdoor environments. The average results in an indoor 5cm light-path 320L photobioreactor were, in terms of specific growth rate (0.29d(-1)), duplication time (3.1d(-1)) and dry biomass productivity (78mgL(-1)d(-1)). Specific compounds production was found including ω3 and ω6 fatty acids and, pigments (Peridinin, β-carotene). These promising results, besides unique characteristics found during the exploitation period such as resistance to mechanical stress, self-control of contaminant organisms, and quick cells aggregation when the culture is not in turbulence conditions, makes A. carterae one of the new target species suitable for commercially exploitation on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fuentes-Grünewald
- College of Science, Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.
| | - C Bayliss
- College of Science, Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - F Fonlut
- Bio Fuel Systems, S.A. Calle Sevilla, 6-8, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - E Chapuli
- Bio Fuel Systems, S.A. Calle Sevilla, 6-8, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
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128
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Smith MJ, Francis MB. A Designed A. vinelandii-S. elongatus Coculture for Chemical Photoproduction from Air, Water, Phosphate, and Trace Metals. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:955-61. [PMID: 27232890 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microbial mutualisms play critical roles in a diverse number of ecosystems and have the potential to improve the efficiency of bioproduction for desirable chemicals. We investigate the growth of a photosynthetic cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, and a diazotroph, Azotobacter vinelandii, in coculture. From initial studies of the coculture grown in media with glutamate, we proposed a model of cross-feeding between these organisms. We then engineer a new microbial mutualism between Azotobacter vinelandii AV3 and cscB Synechococcus elongatus that grows in the absence of fixed carbon or nitrogen. The coculture cannot grow in the absence of a sucrose-exporting S. elongatus, and neither organism can grow alone without fixed carbon or nitrogen. This new system has the potential to produce industrially relevant products, such as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and alginate, from air, water, phosphate, trace metals, and sunlight. We demonstrate the ability of the coculture to produce PHB in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Matthew B. Francis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
- The
Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
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129
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Nutrient recovery from municipal sludge for microalgae cultivation with two-step hydrothermal liquefaction. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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130
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Current advances in molecular, biochemical, and computational modeling analysis of microalgal triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1046-1063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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131
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Panis G, Carreon JR. Commercial astaxanthin production derived by green alga Haematococcus pluvialis : A microalgae process model and a techno-economic assessment all through production line. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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132
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Goncalves EC, Wilkie AC, Kirst M, Rathinasabapathi B. Metabolic regulation of triacylglycerol accumulation in the green algae: identification of potential targets for engineering to improve oil yield. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1649-60. [PMID: 26801206 PMCID: PMC5066758 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The great need for more sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels has increased our research interests in algal biofuels. Microalgal cells, characterized by high photosynthetic efficiency and rapid cell division, are an excellent source of neutral lipids as potential fuel stocks. Various stress factors, especially nutrient-starvation conditions, induce an increased formation of lipid bodies filled with triacylglycerol in these cells. Here we review our knowledge base on glycerolipid synthesis in the green algae with an emphasis on recent studies on carbon flux, redistribution of lipids under nutrient-limiting conditions and its regulation. We discuss the contributions and limitations of classical and novel approaches used to elucidate the algal triacylglycerol biosynthetic pathway and its regulatory network in green algae. Also discussed are gaps in knowledge and suggestions for much needed research both on the biology of triacylglycerol accumulation and possible avenues to engineer improved algal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton C Goncalves
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ann C Wilkie
- Soil and Water Science Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matias Kirst
- School of Forestry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bala Rathinasabapathi
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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133
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Lai YS, McCaw A, Ontiveros-Valencia A, Shi Y, Parameswaran P, Rittmann BE. Multiple synergistic benefits of selective fermentation of Scenedesmus biomass for fuel recovery via wet-biomass extraction. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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134
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Lehahn Y, Ingle KN, Golberg A. Global potential of offshore and shallow waters macroalgal biorefineries to provide for food, chemicals and energy: feasibility and sustainability. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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135
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Sen Gupta S, Shastri Y, Bhartiya S. Model-based optimisation of biodiesel production from microalgae. Comput Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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136
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Kanchanatip E, Su BR, Tulaphol S, Den W, Grisdanurak N, Kuo CC. Fouling characterization and control for harvesting microalgae Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima using a submerged, disc-type ultrafiltration membrane. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 209:23-30. [PMID: 26946437 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study characterized the fouling of a novel circular-disc ultrafiltration membrane in a submerged bioreactor system to harvest Arthrospira maxima cells. Flux-stepping study showed that the value of critical flux was below the smallest flux tested at 28.8lm(-2)h(-1), and that the membrane was to operate above the critical flux to sustain the necessary rate of cell concentration. The membrane with similar pore size but greater pore density experienced not only lesser degree of total resistance, but also possessed smaller fraction of irreversible resistance. Membrane fouling was mainly attributed to fragmented cells rather than to soluble or extracellular polymeric substances. Furthermore, flux recovery studies demonstrated that membrane relaxation and surface cleaning could partially recover fluxes for both low (6gl(-1)) and high (40gl(-1)) cell densities, whereas backwashing could fully recover fluxes. Calculation of energy consumption and cell harvesting productivity also favoured membrane filtration with backwashing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekkachai Kanchanatip
- International Postgraduate Program of Environmental Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Bo-Rung Su
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
| | - Sattrawut Tulaphol
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Thammasat University, Bangkok 12121, Thailand
| | - Walter Den
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
| | - Nurak Grisdanurak
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, Thammasat University, Bangkok 12121, Thailand
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137
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Enhanced Harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris Using Combined Flocculants. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:791-804. [PMID: 27206558 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel flocculation strategy for harvesting Chlorella vulgaris with combined flocculants, poly (γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) and calcium oxide (CaO), has been developed. The effect of flocculant dosage, the order of flocculant addition, mixing speed, and growth stage on the harvesting efficiency was evaluated. Results showed that the flocculation using combined flocculants significantly decreases the flocculant dosage and settling time compared with control. It was also found that CaO and γ-PGA influenced microalgal flocculation by changing the zeta potential of cells and pH of microalgal suspension. The most suitable order of flocculant addition was CaO first and then γ-PGA. The optimal mixing speed was 200 rpm for 0.5 min, followed by 50 rpm for another 4.5 min for CaO and γ-PGA with the highest flocculation efficiency of 95 % and a concentration factor of 35.5. The biomass concentration and lipid yield of the culture reusing the flocculated medium were similar to those when a fresh medium was used. Overall, the proposed method requires low energy input, alleviates biomass and water contamination, and reduces utilization of water resources and is feasible for harvesting C. vulgaris for biofuel and other bio-based chemical production.
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138
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Ghasemi Naghdi F, González González LM, Chan W, Schenk PM. Progress on lipid extraction from wet algal biomass for biodiesel production. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 9:718-726. [PMID: 27194507 PMCID: PMC5072188 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid recovery and purification from microalgal cells continues to be a significant bottleneck in biodiesel production due to high costs involved and a high energy demand. Therefore, there is a considerable necessity to develop an extraction method which meets the essential requirements of being safe, cost-effective, robust, efficient, selective, environmentally friendly, feasible for large-scale production and free of product contamination. The use of wet concentrated algal biomass as a feedstock for oil extraction is especially desirable as it would avoid the requirement for further concentration and/or drying. This would save considerable costs and circumvent at least two lengthy processes during algae-based oil production. This article provides an overview on recent progress that has been made on the extraction of lipids from wet algal biomass. The biggest contributing factors appear to be the composition of algal cell walls, pre-treatments of biomass and the use of solvents (e.g. a solvent mixture or solvent-free lipid extraction). We compare recently developed wet extraction processes for oleaginous microalgae and make recommendations towards future research to improve lipid extraction from wet algal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Ghasemi Naghdi
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Lina M González González
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - William Chan
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Peer M Schenk
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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139
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Socher ML, Löser C, Schott C, Bley T, Steingroewer J. The challenge of scaling up photobioreactors: Modeling and approaches in small scale. Eng Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201500134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lisa Socher
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Christian Löser
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Carolin Schott
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Bley
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Juliane Steingroewer
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
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140
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Shah MMR, Liang Y, Cheng JJ, Daroch M. Astaxanthin-Producing Green Microalga Haematococcus pluvialis: From Single Cell to High Value Commercial Products. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:531. [PMID: 27200009 PMCID: PMC4848535 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Many species of microalgae have been used as source of nutrient rich food, feed, and health promoting compounds. Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin which is considered as "super anti-oxidant." Natural astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis has significantly greater antioxidant capacity than the synthetic one. Astaxanthin has important applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and aquaculture industries. It is now evident that, astaxanthin can significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help human body maintain a healthy state. With extraordinary potency and increase in demand, astaxanthin is one of the high-value microalgal products of the future.This comprehensive review summarizes the most important aspects of the biology, biochemical composition, biosynthesis, and astaxanthin accumulation in the cells of H. pluvialis and its wide range of applications for humans and animals. In this paper, important and recent developments ranging from cultivation, harvest and postharvest bio-processing technologies to metabolic control and genetic engineering are reviewed in detail, focusing on biomass and astaxanthin production from this biotechnologically important microalga. Simultaneously, critical bottlenecks and major challenges in commercial scale production; current and prospective global market of H. pluvialis derived astaxanthin are also presented in a critical manner. A new biorefinery concept for H. pluvialis has been also suggested to guide toward economically sustainable approach for microalgae cultivation and processing. This report could serve as a useful guide to present current status of knowledge in the field and highlight key areas for future development of H. pluvialis astaxanthin technology and its large scale commercial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahfuzur R. Shah
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen, China
| | - Yuanmei Liang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen, China
| | - Jay J. Cheng
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen, China
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA
| | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen, China
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141
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Banerjee C, Dubey KK, Shukla P. Metabolic Engineering of Microalgal Based Biofuel Production: Prospects and Challenges. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:432. [PMID: 27065986 PMCID: PMC4815533 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current scenario in renewable energy is focused on development of alternate and sustainable energy sources, amongst which microalgae stands as one of the promising feedstock for biofuel production. It is well known that microalgae generate much larger amounts of biofuels in a shorter time than other sources based on plant seeds. However, the greatest challenge in a transition to algae-based biofuel production is the various other complications involved in microalgal cultivation, its harvesting, concentration, drying and lipid extraction. Several green microalgae accumulate lipids, especially triacylglycerols (TAGs), which are main precursors in the production of lipid. The various aspects on metabolic pathway analysis of an oleaginous microalgae i.e., Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have elucidated some novel metabolically important genes and this enhances the lipid production in this microalgae. Adding to it, various other aspects in metabolic engineering using OptFlux and effectual bioprocess design also gives an interactive snapshot of enhancing lipid production which ultimately improvises the oil yield. This article reviews the current status of microalgal based technologies for biofuel production, bioreactor process design, flux analysis and it also provides various strategies to increase lipids accumulation via metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Banerjee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines Dhanbad, India
| | - Kashyap K Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, India
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142
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Abstract
Abstract
Efforts were made to demonstrate that in biorefineries it is possible to manufacture all the commodities required for maintaining human civilisation on the current level. Biorefineries are based on processing biomass resulting from photosynthesis. From sugars, oils and proteins, a variety of food, feed, nutrients, pharmaceuticals, polymers, chemicals and fuels can further be produced. Production in biorefineries must be based on a few rules to fulfil sustainable development: all raw materials are derived from biomass, all products are biodegradable and production methods are in accordance with the principles of Green Chemistry and Clean Technology. The paper presents a summary of state-of-the-art concerning biorefineries, production methods and product range of leading companies in the world that are already implemented. Potential risks caused by the development of biorefineries, such as: insecurities of food and feed production, uncontrolled changes in global production profiles, monocultures, eutrophication, etc., were also highlighted in this paper. It was stressed that the sustainable development is not only an alternative point of view but is our condition to survive.
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143
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144
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Ndikubwimana T, Chang J, Xiao Z, Shao W, Zeng X, Ng IS, Lu Y. Flotation: A promising microalgae harvesting and dewatering technology for biofuels production. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:315-26. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theoneste Ndikubwimana
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Jingyu Chang
- College of Energy; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Zongyuan Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Wenyao Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- College of Energy; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
- The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
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145
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Soomro RR, Ndikubwimana T, Zeng X, Lu Y, Lin L, Danquah MK. Development of a Two-Stage Microalgae Dewatering Process - A Life Cycle Assessment Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:113. [PMID: 26904075 PMCID: PMC4749716 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Even though microalgal biomass is leading the third generation biofuel research, significant effort is required to establish an economically viable commercial-scale microalgal biofuel production system. Whilst a significant amount of work has been reported on large-scale cultivation of microalgae using photo-bioreactors and pond systems, research focus on establishing high performance downstream dewatering operations for large-scale processing under optimal economy is limited. The enormous amount of energy and associated cost required for dewatering large-volume microalgal cultures has been the primary hindrance to the development of the needed biomass quantity for industrial-scale microalgal biofuels production. The extremely dilute nature of large-volume microalgal suspension and the small size of microalgae cells in suspension create a significant processing cost during dewatering and this has raised major concerns towards the economic success of commercial-scale microalgal biofuel production as an alternative to conventional petroleum fuels. This article reports an effective framework to assess the performance of different dewatering technologies as the basis to establish an effective two-stage dewatering system. Bioflocculation coupled with tangential flow filtration (TFF) emerged a promising technique with total energy input of 0.041 kWh, 0.05 kg CO2 emissions and a cost of $ 0.0043 for producing 1 kg of microalgae biomass. A streamlined process for operational analysis of two-stage microalgae dewatering technique, encompassing energy input, carbon dioxide emission, and process cost, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan R. Soomro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University of TechnologySarawak, Malaysia
| | - Theoneste Ndikubwimana
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- College of Energy, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China
- The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Xianhai Zeng, ; Michael K. Danquah,
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China
- The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China
| | - Lu Lin
- College of Energy, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China
| | - Michael K. Danquah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University of TechnologySarawak, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Xianhai Zeng, ; Michael K. Danquah,
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146
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Vandamme D, Beuckels A, Vadelius E, Depraetere O, Noppe W, Dutta A, Foubert I, Laurens L, Muylaert K. Inhibition of alkaline flocculation by algal organic matter for Chlorella vulgaris. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:301-307. [PMID: 26512808 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline flocculation is a promising strategy for the concentration of microalgae for bulk biomass production. However, previous studies have shown that biological changes during the cultivation negatively affect flocculation efficiency. The influence of changes in cell properties and in the quality and composition of algal organic matter (AOM) were studied using Chlorella vulgaris as a model species. In batch cultivation, flocculation was increasingly inhibited over time and mainly influenced by changes in medium composition, rather than biological changes at the cell surface. Total carbohydrate content of the organic matter fraction sized bigger than 3 kDa increased over time and this fraction was shown to be mainly responsible for the inhibition of alkaline flocculation. The monosaccharide identification of this fraction mainly showed the presence of neutral and anionic monosaccharides. The addition of 30-50 mg L(-1) alginic acid, as a model for anionic carbohydrate polymers containing uronic acids, resulted in a complete inhibition of flocculation. These results suggest that inhibition of alkaline flocculation was caused by interaction of anionic polysaccharides leading to an increased flocculant demand over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Vandamme
- KU Leuven Kulak, Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Annelies Beuckels
- KU Leuven Kulak, Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Eric Vadelius
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Orily Depraetere
- KU Leuven Kulak, Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Wim Noppe
- IRF Life Siences, KU Leuven Kulak, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Abhishek Dutta
- KU Leuven, Campus Groep T Leuven, Faculteit Industriële Ingenieurswetenschappen, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Imogen Foubert
- KU Leuven Kulak, Research Unit Food & Lipids, Department of Molecular and Microbial Systems Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Lieve Laurens
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Koenraad Muylaert
- KU Leuven Kulak, Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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147
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Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris Using Plant-based and Animal Waste-based Compost: A Comparison Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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148
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Ge S, Champagne P. Nutrient removal, microalgal biomass growth, harvesting and lipid yield in response to centrate wastewater loadings. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:604-612. [PMID: 26562797 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of wastewater, with four different nutrient loadings, from synthetic centrate on biomass production, nutrient removal, microalgal settling, and lipid production were investigated in photobioreactors under both batch and, subsequently, semi-continuous operations. At higher centrate concentration factors (17.2% and 36.2%), hydraulic retention time and pH adjustments could be employed to sustain acceptable microalgal growth rates and wastewater treatment. Similar nutrient removals efficiencies (>95%) and biomass production (0.42-0.51 g/L) were observed for the four centrate concentrations. Both the lipid productivity and lipid content decreased with increasing nutrient loading in the wastewater. The results also demonstrated that the mass ratio of carbohydrate to protein could provide a good indication of microalgal settling performance, rather than sole component composition or total extracellular polymeric substances. The highest settling efficiency (42.3 ± 0.04% after 24 h) and lowest lipid content (10.2 ± 1.6%) were observed for the lowest mass ratio of carbohydrate to protein (0.74 ± 0.15) noted in the microalgae cultivated in the wastewater with the highest centrate concentration factor (36.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Ge
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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149
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Matsuda S, Durney AR, He L, Mukaibo H. Sedimentation-induced detachment of magnetite nanoparticles from microalgal flocs. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:914-920. [PMID: 26609948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop a simple, one-step approach to separate adsorbed Fe3O4 nanoparticles from microalgal flocs for further downstream processing. Using the wild-type strain of fresh-water algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, effective removal of nanoparticles from microalgal flocs by both centrifugal sedimentation (at 1500 or 2000g) and magnetic sedimentation (at 1500 Oe) is demonstrated. At the physiological pH of the solution (i.e., pH 7.0), where the electrostatic force between the nanoparticles and the microalgal cells is strongly attractive, larger separation force was achieved by simply increasing the density and viscosity of the solution to 1.065g/mL and 1.244cP, respectively. The method described here offers significant opportunity for purifying microalgal biomass after nanoparticle-flocculation-based harvesting and decreasing the cost of microalgal biotechnology. This may also find avenues in other applications that apply flocculation, such as algal biofilm formation in photobioreactors and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shofu Matsuda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, P.O. Box 270166, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Andrew R Durney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, P.O. Box 270166, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Lijie He
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, P.O. Box 270166, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Hitomi Mukaibo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, P.O. Box 270166, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, P.O. Box 270166, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
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150
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Current Techniques of Growing Algae Using Flue Gas from Exhaust Gas Industry: a Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:1220-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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