101
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Tsukahara T, Kimura S, Ichimiya S, Torigoe T, Kawaguchi S, Wada T, Yamashita T, Sato N. Scythe/BAT3 regulates apoptotic cell death induced by papillomavirus binding factor in human osteosarcoma. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:47-53. [PMID: 19018758 PMCID: PMC11158922 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomavirus binding factor (PBF) was first identified as a transcription factor regulating the promoter activity of human papillomavirus. We previously demonstrated that PBF is an osteosarcoma-associated antigen and 92% of osteosarcoma tissues express PBF in the nucleus. Moreover, PBF-positive osteosarcoma has a significantly poorer prognosis than that with negative expression of PBF. In the present study, we assessed the biological role of PBF in cell survival. Overexpression of PBF induced cell death-mediated lactate dehydrase (LDH) release from 293EBNA cells. Cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and active caspase-3 were also detected. However, PBF-induced apoptosis did not affect caspase-9 activity. Next, to identify the apoptosis regulator of PBF, we screened a cDNA library constructed from mRNA of the osteosarcoma cell line OS2000 using a yeast two-hybrid system and isolated Scythe/BAT3. Scythe/BAT3 mRNA was detected in 56% of osteosarcoma tissues and ubiquitously in various normal tissues. Although Scythe/BAT3 was localized to the cytoplasm in normal tissue, it was localized to the nucleus in osteosarcoma tissue. PBF and Scythe/BAT3 also colocalized to the cytoplasm in 293T cells and the nucleus in OS2000. Furthermore, overexpression of Scythe/BAT3 suppressed cell death events that resulted from overexpression of PBF in OS2000, but not in 293EBNA cells. Thus, our results support the ideas that: (i) PBF could induce apoptotic cell death via a caspase-9-independent pathway; (ii) the apoptosis regulator Scythe/BAT3 is a PBF-associated molecule acting as a nucleus-cytoplasm shuttling protein; and (iii) colocalization of PBF and Scythe/BAT3 in the nucleus might be an important factor for survival of osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohide Tsukahara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
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102
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Common 5p15.33 and 6p21.33 variants influence lung cancer risk. Nat Genet 2008; 40:1407-9. [PMID: 18978787 DOI: 10.1038/ng.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a genome-wide association (GWA) study of lung cancer comparing 511,919 SNP genotypes in 1,952 cases and 1,438 controls. The most significant association was attained at 15q25.1 (rs8042374; P = 7.75 x 10(-12)), confirming recent observations. Pooling data with two other GWA studies (5,095 cases, 5,200 controls) and with replication in an additional 2,484 cases and 3,036 controls, we identified two newly associated risk loci mapping to 6p21.33 (rs3117582, BAT3-MSH5; P(combined) = 4.97 x 10(-10)) and 5p15.33 (rs401681, CLPTM1L; P(combined) = 7.90 x 10(-9)).
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103
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Simhadri VR, Reiners KS, Hansen HP, Topolar D, Simhadri VL, Nohroudi K, Kufer TA, Engert A, Pogge von Strandmann E. Dendritic cells release HLA-B-associated transcript-3 positive exosomes to regulate natural killer function. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3377. [PMID: 18852879 PMCID: PMC2566590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NKp30, a natural cytotoxicity receptor expressed on NK cells is critically involved in direct cytotoxicity against various tumor cells and directs both maturation and selective killing of dendritic cells. Recently the intracellular protein BAT3, which is involved in DNA damage induced apoptosis, was identified as a ligand for NKp30. However, the mechanisms underlying the exposure of the intracellular ligand BAT3 to surface NKp30 and its role in NK-DC cross talk remained elusive. Electron microscopy and flow cytometry demonstrate that exosomes released from 293T cells and iDCs express BAT3 on the surface and are recognized by NKp30-Ig. Overexpression and depletion of BAT3 in 293T cells directly correlates with the exosomal expression level and the activation of NK cell-mediated cytokine release. Furthermore, the NKp30-mediated NK/DC cross talk resulting either in iDC killing or maturation was BAT3-dependent. Taken together this puts forward a new model for the activation of NK cells through intracellular signals that are released via exosomes from accessory cells. The manipulation of the exosomal regulation may offer a novel strategy to induce tumor immunity or inhibit autoimmune diseases caused by NK cell-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswara Rao Simhadri
- Laboratory of Immune Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine I, Centre for Integrated Oncology Koeln Bonn, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail: (VRS); (EPvS)
| | - Katrin S. Reiners
- Laboratory of Immune Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine I, Centre for Integrated Oncology Koeln Bonn, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hinrich P. Hansen
- Laboratory of Immune Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine I, Centre for Integrated Oncology Koeln Bonn, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniela Topolar
- Laboratory of Immune Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine I, Centre for Integrated Oncology Koeln Bonn, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Simhadri
- Laboratory of Immune Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine I, Centre for Integrated Oncology Koeln Bonn, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Nohroudi
- Institute for Anatomy-I, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Engert
- Laboratory of Immune Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine I, Centre for Integrated Oncology Koeln Bonn, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Laboratory of Immune Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine I, Centre for Integrated Oncology Koeln Bonn, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail: (VRS); (EPvS)
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104
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BAT3 and SET1A form a complex with CTCFL/BORIS to modulate H3K4 histone dimethylation and gene expression. Mol Cell Biol 2008; 28:6720-9. [PMID: 18765639 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00568-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin status is characterized in part by covalent posttranslational modifications of histones that regulate chromatin dynamics and direct gene expression. BORIS (brother of the regulator of imprinted sites) is an insulator DNA-binding protein that is thought to play a role in chromatin organization and gene expression. BORIS is a cancer-germ line gene; these are genes normally present in male germ cells (testis) that are also expressed in cancer cell lines as well as primary tumors. This work identifies SET1A, an H3K4 methyltransferase, and BAT3, a cochaperone recruiter, as binding partners for BORIS, and these proteins bind to the upstream promoter regions of two well-characterized procarcinogenic genes, Myc and BRCA1. RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of BAT3, as well as SET1A, decreased Myc and BRCA1 gene expression but did not affect the binding properties of BORIS, but RNAi knockdown of BORIS prevented the assembly of BAT3 and SET1A at the Myc and BRCA1 promoters. Finally, chromatin analysis suggested that BORIS and BAT3 exert their effects on gene expression by recruiting proteins such as SET1A that are linked to changes in H3K4 dimethylation. Thus, we propose that BORIS acts as a platform upon which BAT3 and SET1A assemble and exert effects upon chromatin structure and gene expression.
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105
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Ter-Minassian M, Zhai R, Asomaning K, Su L, Zhou W, Liu G, Heist RS, Lynch TJ, Wain JC, Lin X, De Vivo I, Christiani DC. Apoptosis gene polymorphisms, age, smoking and the risk of non-small cell lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:2147-52. [PMID: 18757527 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is important for targeting cancer cells for destruction. Various single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in apoptotic genes have been associated with increased risks in lung cancer, particularly FAS -1377 G>A (rs2234767), FASLG -844 C>T (rs763110), IL1B +3954 C>T Phe105Phe (rs1143634) and BAT3 Ser625Pro (rs1052486). We studied the association of these SNPs with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a large case-control study (N = 4263: 2644 cases and 1619 controls). No associations with NSCLC were observed in the main effects analysis for all four SNPs, adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, pack-years and years since smoking cessation. In subjects under age 60, for FASLG -844 C>T polymorphism, CT compared with the CC genotype, was significantly associated with increased risk of NSCLC, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.58 (1.22, 2.05), P = 0.0006 and TT aOR = 1.45 (1.01, 2.04), P = 0.04. In contrast, for those over age 60, the CT aOR = 0.91 (0.73, 1.13), P = 0.37 and TT aOR = 0.86 (0.64, 1.16), P = 0.32. The P-value for the age-genotype interaction was 0.004. For the IL1B +3954 C>T polymorphism, compared with the CC genotype, TT showed significant associations in former smokers and in men but tests of interaction were not significant (P(smoking) = 0.24, P(gender) = 0.17). No interactions were observed for FAS -1377 G>A and BAT3 Ser625Pro polymorphisms. Our findings indicate that age and smoking may modify the association of the FASLG -844 and IL1B + 3954 SNPs with the risk of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ter-Minassian
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston 02115, MA, USA.
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106
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Sasaki T, Marcon E, McQuire T, Arai Y, Moens PB, Okada H. Bat3 deficiency accelerates the degradation of Hsp70-2/HspA2 during spermatogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 182:449-58. [PMID: 18678708 PMCID: PMC2500131 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200802113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Meiosis is critical for sexual reproduction. During meiosis, the dynamics and integrity of homologous chromosomes are tightly regulated. The genetic and molecular mechanisms governing these processes in vivo, however, remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that Bat3/Scythe is essential for survival and maintenance of male germ cells (GCs). Targeted inactivation of Bat3/Scythe in mice results in widespread apoptosis of meiotic male GCs and complete male infertility. Pachytene spermatocytes exhibit abnormal assembly and disassembly of synaptonemal complexes as demonstrated by abnormal SYCP3 staining and sustained γ-H2AX and Rad51/replication protein A foci. Further investigation revealed that a testis-specific protein, Hsp70-2/HspA2, is absent in Bat3-deficient male GCs at any stage of spermatogenesis; however, Hsp70-2 transcripts are expressed at normal levels. We found that Bat3 deficiency induces polyubiquitylation and subsequent degradation of Hsp70-2. Inhibition of proteasomal degradation restores Hsp70-2 protein levels. Our findings identify Bat3 as a critical regulator of Hsp70-2 in spermatogenesis, thereby providing a possible molecular target in idiopathic male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Sasaki
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G2C1, Canada
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107
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Kwak JH, Kim SI, Kim JK, Choi ME. BAT3 interacts with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptors and enhances TGF-beta1-induced type I collagen expression in mesangial cells. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:19816-25. [PMID: 18487607 PMCID: PMC2443666 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802285200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) plays essential roles in a wide array of cellular processes, such as in development and the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis, including that associated with progressive kidney diseases. Tight regulation of its signaling pathways is critical, and proteins that associate with the TGF-beta receptors may exert positive or negative regulatory effects on TGF-beta signaling. In the present study we employed a yeast-based two-hybrid screening system to identify BAT3 (HLA-B-associated transcript 3) as a TGF-beta receptor-interacting protein. Analysis of endogenously expressed BAT3 in various tissues including the kidney reveals the existence of approximately 140-kDa full-length protein as well as truncated forms of BAT3 whose expression is developmentally regulated. Endogenous BAT3 protein interacts with TGF-beta receptors type I and type II in renal mesangial cells. Functional assays show that expression of full-length BAT3 results in enhancement of TGF-beta1-stimulated transcriptional activation of p3TP-Lux reporter, and these effects require the presence of functional TGF-beta signaling receptors as demonstrated in R-1B and DR-26 mutant cells. Moreover, expression of full-length BAT3, but not C-terminal truncated mutant of BAT3, enhanced TGF-beta1-induced type I collagen expression in mesangial cells, whereas knock down of BAT3 protein expression by small interfering RNA suppressed the expression of type I collagen induced by TGF-beta1. Our findings suggest that BAT3, a TGF-beta receptor-interacting protein, is capable of modulating TGF-beta signaling and acts as a positive regulator of TGF-beta1 stimulation of type I collagen expression in mesangial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyeok Kwak
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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108
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Pogge von Strandmann E, Simhadri VR, von Tresckow B, Sasse S, Reiners KS, Hansen HP, Rothe A, Böll B, Simhadri VL, Borchmann P, McKinnon PJ, Hallek M, Engert A. Human leukocyte antigen-B-associated transcript 3 is released from tumor cells and engages the NKp30 receptor on natural killer cells. Immunity 2007; 27:965-74. [PMID: 18055229 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The activity of natural killer (NK) cells is regulated by surface receptors, which direct target cell recognition. NKp30 (Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor 3) induces target cell lysis and is also crucial for the interaction with dendritic cells. So far, the cellular ligands for NKp30 have remained elusive. Here we show that the nuclear factor HLA-B-associated transcript 3 (BAT3) was released from tumor cells, bound directly to NKp30, and engaged NKp30 on NK cells. BAT3 triggered NKp30-mediated cytotoxicity and was necessary for tumor rejection in a multiple myeloma model. These data identify BAT3 as a cellular ligand for NKp30. We propose a concept for target cell recognition by NK cells beyond "missing self" and "induced self," mediated through a tumor cell-derived extracellular factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, D-50924 Cologne, Germany.
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109
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Desmots F, Russell HR, Michel D, McKinnon PJ. Scythe regulates apoptosis-inducing factor stability during endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2007; 283:3264-3271. [PMID: 18056262 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m706419200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Scythe (BAT3; HLA-B associated transcript 3, Bag 6) is a protein that has been implicated in apoptosis because it can modulate the Drosophila melanogaster apoptotic regulator, Reaper. Mice lacking Scythe show pronounced defects in organogenesis and in the regulation of apoptosis and proliferation during mammalian development. However, the biochemical pathways important for Scythe function are unknown. We report here multiple levels of interaction between Scythe and the apoptogenic mitochondrial intermembrane protein AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor). Scythe physically interacts with AIF and regulates its stability. AIF stability is markedly reduced in Scythe(-/-) cells, which are more resistant to endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by thapsigargin. Reintroduction of Scythe or overexpression of AIF in Scythe(-/-) cells restores their sensitivity to apoptosis. Together, these data implicate Scythe as a regulator of AIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Desmots
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; UMR 6026, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - Helen R Russell
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Denis Michel
- UMR 6026, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Peter J McKinnon
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
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