101
|
Jiangfeng F, Yuzhu L, Sijiu Y, Yan C, Gengquan X, Libin W, Yangyang P, Honghong H. Transcriptional profiling of two different physiological states of the yak mammary gland using RNA sequencing. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201628. [PMID: 30059556 PMCID: PMC6066247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yak milk is superior to common cow milk in nutrients including protein, fat and calories. However, the milk yield of the yak is very much lower compared with other dairy bovines. To understand the molecular mechanisms of lactogenesis, lactation and mammary gland development, mammary tissue samples were taken from five yaks during a dry period (DP, n = 3) and lactation period (LP, n = 2). Two types of cDNA sequence libraries that reflected the different physiological states of the mammary gland were constructed using RNA sequencing technology. After removing reads containing adapters, reads containing poly-N and low-quality reads from the raw data, 45,423,478 to 53,274,976 clean reads were obtained from these libraries. A total of 74.72% to 80.65% of the high-quality sequence reads were uniquely aligned to the BosGru v2.0 yak reference genome. Using the DESeq R package, 360 differentially expressed genes were detected between the two groups when the adjusted P value (padj < 0.05) was used as the cutoff value; this included 192 upregulated and 168 downregulated genes in the yak mammary gland tissue of the DP compared to the LP. A gene ontology analysis revealed that the most enriched GO terms were protein binding, multi-organism process, immune system and others. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes were mostly enriched in Hippo signaling, insulin signaling, steroid biosynthesis and others. The analysis of the up- and downregulated genes provides important insights into the molecular events involved in lactogenesis, lactation and mammary gland development and will guide further research to enhance milk yield and optimize the constituents of yak milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiangfeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Luo Yuzhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sijiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Cui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xu Gengquan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Wang Libin
- Technology and Research Center of Gansu Province for Embryonic Engineering of Bovine and Sheep & Goat, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Pan Yangyang
- Technology and Research Center of Gansu Province for Embryonic Engineering of Bovine and Sheep & Goat, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - He Honghong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Contact inhibition controls cell survival and proliferation via YAP/TAZ-autophagy axis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2961. [PMID: 30054475 PMCID: PMC6063886 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact inhibition enables noncancerous cells to cease proliferation and growth when they contact each other. This characteristic is lost when cells undergo malignant transformation, leading to uncontrolled proliferation and solid tumor formation. Here we report that autophagy is compromised in contact-inhibited cells in 2D or 3D-soft extracellular matrix cultures. In such cells, YAP/TAZ fail to co-transcriptionally regulate the expression of myosin-II genes, resulting in the loss of F-actin stress fibers, which impairs autophagosome formation. The decreased proliferation resulting from contact inhibition is partly autophagy-dependent, as is their increased sensitivity to hypoxia and glucose starvation. These findings define how mechanically repressed YAP/TAZ activity impacts autophagy to contribute to core phenotypes resulting from high cell confluence that are lost in various cancers. At high cell density or when plated on soft matrix, YAP/TAZ are redistributed from the nucleus to the cytosol, becoming transcriptionally inactive. Here the authors show that at high cell density, autophagosome formation is impaired due to reduced YAP/TAZ-dependent transcription of actomyosin genes
Collapse
|
103
|
YAP/TAZ upstream signals and downstream responses. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:888-899. [PMID: 30050119 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 594] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell behaviour is strongly influenced by physical, mechanical contacts between cells and their extracellular matrix. We review how the transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ integrate mechanical cues with the response to soluble signals and metabolic pathways to control multiple aspects of cell behaviour, including proliferation, cell plasticity and stemness essential for tissue regeneration. Corruption of cell-environment interplay leads to aberrant YAP and TAZ activation that is instrumental for multiple diseases, including cancer.
Collapse
|
104
|
Affiliation(s)
- Tackhoon Kim
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Korea.,b National Creative Research Center for Cell Division and Differentiation, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Lim
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Korea.,b National Creative Research Center for Cell Division and Differentiation, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Korea
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Yao F, Zhou Z, Kim J, Hang Q, Xiao Z, Ton BN, Chang L, Liu N, Zeng L, Wang W, Wang Y, Zhang P, Hu X, Su X, Liang H, Sun Y, Ma L. SKP2- and OTUD1-regulated non-proteolytic ubiquitination of YAP promotes YAP nuclear localization and activity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2269. [PMID: 29891922 PMCID: PMC5995870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of YAP localization and activity is associated with pathological conditions such as cancer. Although activation of the Hippo phosphorylation cascade is known to cause cytoplasmic retention and inactivation of YAP, emerging evidence suggests that YAP can be regulated in a Hippo-independent manner. Here, we report that YAP is subject to non-proteolytic, K63-linked polyubiquitination by the SCFSKP2 E3 ligase complex (SKP2), which is reversed by the deubiquitinase OTUD1. The non-proteolytic ubiquitination of YAP enhances its interaction with its nuclear binding partner TEAD, thereby inducing YAP's nuclear localization, transcriptional activity, and growth-promoting function. Independently of Hippo signaling, mutation of YAP's K63-linkage specific ubiquitination sites K321 and K497, depletion of SKP2, or overexpression of OTUD1 retains YAP in the cytoplasm and inhibits its activity. Conversely, overexpression of SKP2 or loss of OTUD1 leads to nuclear localization and activation of YAP. Altogether, our study sheds light on the ubiquitination-mediated, Hippo-independent regulation of YAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jongchan Kim
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhenna Xiao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Baochau N Ton
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liang Chang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liyong Zeng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peijing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaohua Su
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yutong Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Cai J, Song X, Wang W, Watnick T, Pei Y, Qian F, Pan D. A RhoA-YAP-c-Myc signaling axis promotes the development of polycystic kidney disease. Genes Dev 2018; 32:781-793. [PMID: 29891559 PMCID: PMC6049514 DOI: 10.1101/gad.315127.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited disorder caused by mutations in PKD1 or PKD2 and affects one in 500-1000 humans. Limited treatment is currently available for ADPKD. Here we identify the Hippo signaling effector YAP and its transcriptional target, c-Myc, as promoters of cystic kidney pathogenesis. While transgenic overexpression of YAP promotes proliferation and tubule dilation in mouse kidneys, loss of YAP/TAZ or c-Myc suppresses cystogenesis in a mouse ADPKD model resulting from Pkd1 deficiency. Through a comprehensive kinase inhibitor screen based on a novel three-dimensional (3D) culture of Pkd1 mutant mouse kidney cells, we identified a signaling pathway involving the RhoGEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor) LARG, the small GTPase RhoA, and the RhoA effector Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) as a critical signaling module between PKD1 and YAP. Further corroborating its physiological importance, inhibition of RhoA signaling suppresses cystogenesis in 3D culture of Pkd1 mutant kidney cells as well as Pkd1 mutant mouse kidneys in vivo. Taken together, our findings implicate the RhoA-YAP-c-Myc signaling axis as a critical mediator and potential drug target in ADPKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Xuewen Song
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Terry Watnick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - York Pei
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Feng Qian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Duojia Pan
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
|
108
|
Wang Y, Ning Z, Zhou X, Yang Z, Tang H, Xu M, Wang X, Zhao J, Bai Y. Neuregulin1 acts as a suppressor in human lung adenocarcinoma via AKT and ERK1/2 pathway. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:3166-3179. [PMID: 30069312 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.05.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Neuregulin1 (NRG1) is critical signaling protein that mediates the activation of downstream signaling pathways associated with malignancies. Multiple gene fusions related to NRG1 have been found in lung cancer. However, the underlying role NRG1 in lung cancer is yet unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the biological functions on human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods The expression of NRG1 was detected in LUAD tissues by Western blot (WB), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression of NRG1 was upregulated by the addition of exogenous NRG1 and downregulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), and the biological behaviors of LUAD cells were assessed: cell proliferation by MTT assay, cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry analysis, and migration and invasion using Transwell system. Finally, the pathway underlying the cellular function was analyzed by WB. Results A lower expression of NRG1 was observed in LUAD cancer tissues (P<0.05). Moreover, the addition of exogenous NRG1 reduced the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion (P<0.001), while the downregulation of endogenous NRG1 promoted the three kinds of biological behaviors of LUAD cell lines (P<0.001); however, these manifestations did no effect on the distribution of cell cycle and apoptosis status (P>0.05). Furthermore, the deficiency of NRG1 reduced the expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT at the protein level (P<0.001). Conclusions The current results suggested that NRG1 might be a suppressor in the development of LUAD, and its function was related to AKT and ERK1/2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youya Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Clinical Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Zhifeng Ning
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zetian Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hexiao Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xianguo Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuting Bai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Clinical Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Denson KE, Mussell AL, Shen H, Truskinovsky A, Yang N, Parashurama N, Chen Y, Frangou C, Yang F, Zhang J. The Hippo Signaling Transducer TAZ Regulates Mammary Gland Morphogenesis and Carcinogen-induced Mammary Tumorigenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6449. [PMID: 29691438 PMCID: PMC5915420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippo signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that controls organ size by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and stem cell self-renewal. TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with the PDZ-binding motif) is a key downstream effector of the mammalian Hippo pathway. Here, using a transgenic mouse model with mammary-gland-specific expression of constitutively active TAZ, we found that TAZ induction in mammary epithelial cells was associated with an increase in mammary glandular size, which probably resulted from adipocyte hypertrophy. Consistent with its known oncogenic potential, we observed tumor formation in TAZ transgenic mice after administration of the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) and demonstrated that tumorigenesis was reliant on the presence of TAZ. Our findings establish a previously unknown roles of TAZ in regulating both mammary gland morphogenesis as well as carcinogen-induced mammary tumor formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla E Denson
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Ashley L Mussell
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - He Shen
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | | | - Nuo Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Natesh Parashurama
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Yanmin Chen
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Costa Frangou
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fajun Yang
- Departments of Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a novel and highly conserved mammalian signaling pathway. Mutations and altered expression of core Hippo pathway components promote the migration, invasion, malignancy, and chemotherapy resistance of breast cancer cells. In cancer metastasis, tumor cells must detach from the primary tumor, invade surrounding tissue, and enter and survive in a foreign microenvironment. The metastatic potential of breast cancer is closely related to individual patient genetic profile. Nevertheless, the exact molecular mechanism that regulates the Hippo pathway in breast cancer metastasis is yet to be fully elucidated. This article discusses the function and regulation of the Hippo pathway, with focus given to its role in the context of breast cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changran Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Lin KC, Park HW, Guan KL. Deregulation and Therapeutic Potential of the Hippo Pathway in Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030617-050202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C. Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Hyun Woo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Guo J, Wu Y, Yang L, Du J, Gong K, Chen W, Dai J, Li X, Xi S. Repression of YAP by NCTD disrupts NSCLC progression. Oncotarget 2018; 8:2307-2319. [PMID: 27903989 PMCID: PMC5356801 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of available lung cancer therapeutic interference is significantly limited by various resistance mechanisms to those drugs. Activation of the oncogene YAP underlying the initiation, progression, and metastasis of lung cancer associates with poor prognosis and confers drug resistance against targeted therapy. In this study, we evaluated the specificity of norcantharidin (NCTD) in repressing YAP to inhibit non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) progression. Our study revealed that YAP signal pathways were aberrantly activated in lung cancer tissues and cells which rendered more proliferative and invasive phenotypes to human lung cancer cells. We confirmed that NCTD specifically repressed YAP signaling pathway to interfere the YAP-mediated non-small cell lung carcinoma progression and metastasis via arresting cell cycle, enhancing apoptosis and inducing senescence. We also found NCTD-mediated repression of YAP decreased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and reduced the motile and invasive cellular phenotype in vitro via enhancing E-cadherin and decreasing fibronectin/vimentin. Mechanistic investigations revealed that NCTD transcriptionally downregulated YAP and post-translationally modulated the subcellular redistribution of YAP between nucleus and cytoplasm. Collectively, our results indicated that NCTD is a novel therapeutic drug candidate for NSCLC which specifically and sensitively target YAP signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Guo
- Cancer Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, P.R. China
| | - Jing Du
- Cancer Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, P.R. China
| | - Kaikai Gong
- Cancer Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Dai
- Cancer Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, P.R. China
| | - XueLin Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, P.R. China
| | - Sichuan Xi
- Cancer Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
The Hippo pathway as a drug target in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 420:14-25. [PMID: 29408652 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo tumor suppressor pathway is critical for balancing cellular differentiation and proliferation in response to cell-cell contact, mechanical signals and diffusible signals such as lysophosphatidic acid. Hippo pathway signaling is frequently dysregulated in gastric cancer (GC), as well as many other kinds of solid tumors, contributing to multiple aspects of malignant progression including unchecked cell division and metastasis. Considering the importance of this Hippo pathway in cancer, its pharmacological disruption may be of huge benefit in the fight against this disease. In this review, we summarize the components of the Hippo pathway, its crosstalk with other major oncogenic signaling pathways, common mechanisms of its dysregulation, as well as potential therapeutic approaches of targeting this pathway for cancer treatment, specifically in a GC context.
Collapse
|
114
|
Fu V, Plouffe SW, Guan KL. The Hippo pathway in organ development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 49:99-107. [PMID: 29316535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a universal governor of organ size, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. A growing body of work has advanced our understanding of Hippo pathway regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and spatial patterning not only in organ development but also upon injury-induced regeneration. The pathway's central role in stem cell biology thus implicates its potential for therapeutic manipulation in mammalian organ regeneration. In this review, we survey recent literature linking the Hippo pathway to the development, homeostasis, and regeneration of various organs, including Hippo-independent roles for YAP, defined here as YAP functions that are not regulated by the Hippo pathway kinases LATS1/2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Steven W Plouffe
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Di Benedetto A, Mottolese M, Sperati F, Ercolani C, Di Lauro L, Pizzuti L, Vici P, Terrenato I, Sperduti I, Shaaban AM, Sundara-Rajan S, Barba M, Speirs V, De Maria R, Maugeri-Saccà M. The Hippo transducers TAZ/YAP and their target CTGF in male breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:43188-43198. [PMID: 27248471 PMCID: PMC5190017 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease and its biology is poorly understood. Deregulated Hippo pathway promotes oncogenic functions in female breast cancer. We herein investigated the expression of the Hippo transducers TAZ/YAP and their target CTGF in MBC. Tissue microarrays containing samples from 255 MBC patients were immunostained for TAZ, YAP and CTGF. One hundred and twenty-nine patients were considered eligible. The Pearson's Chi-squared test of independence was used to test the association between categorical variables. The correlation between TAZ, YAP and CTGF was assessed with the Pearson's correlation coefficient. The Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test were used for estimating and comparing survival curves. Cox proportional regression models were built to identify variables impacting overall survival. Statistical tests were two-sided. Tumors were considered to harbor active TAZ/YAP-driven gene transcription when they co-expressed TAZ, or YAP, and CTGF. Patients whose tumors had the TAZ/CTGF and YAP/CTGF phenotypes experienced shorter overall survival compared with their negative counterparts (log rank p = 0.036 for both). TAZ/CTGF and YAP/CTGF tumors were associated with decreased survival in patients with invasive ductal carcinomas, G3 tumors, hormone receptor-positive tumors, and tumors with elevated Ki-67. Multivariate analyses confirmed that the TAZ/CTGF and YAP/CTGF phenotypes are independent predictors of survival (HR 2.03, 95% CI: 1.06-3.90, p = 0.033; and HR 2.00, 95% CI: 1.04-3.84, p = 0.037 respectively). Comparable results were obtained when excluding uncommon histotypes (TAZ/CTGF: HR 2.34, 95% CI: 1.16-4.73, p = 0.018. YAP/CTGF. HR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.17-4.77, p = 0.017). Overall, the TAZ/YAP-driven oncogenic program may be active in MBC, conferring poorer survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Benedetto
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sperati
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Ercolani
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Lauro
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Abeer M Shaaban
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Watt KI, Harvey KF, Gregorevic P. Regulation of Tissue Growth by the Mammalian Hippo Signaling Pathway. Front Physiol 2017; 8:942. [PMID: 29225579 PMCID: PMC5705614 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrative control of diverse biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and metabolism is essential to maintain cellular and tissue homeostasis. Disruption of these underlie the development of many disease states including cancer and diabetes, as well as many of the complications that arise as a consequence of aging. These biological outputs are governed by many cellular signaling networks that function independently, and in concert, to convert changes in hormonal, mechanical and metabolic stimuli into alterations in gene expression. First identified in Drosophila melanogaster as a powerful mediator of cell division and apoptosis, the Hippo signaling pathway is a highly conserved regulator of mammalian organ size and functional capacity in both healthy and diseased tissues. Recent studies have implicated the pathway as an effector of diverse physiological cues demonstrating an essential role for the Hippo pathway as an integrative component of cellular homeostasis. In this review, we will: (a) outline the critical signaling elements that constitute the mammalian Hippo pathway, and how they function to regulate Hippo pathway-dependent gene expression and tissue growth, (b) discuss evidence that shows this pathway functions as an effector of diverse physiological stimuli and (c) highlight key questions in this developing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin I Watt
- Muscle Research and Therapeutics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kieran F Harvey
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Organogenesis and Cancer Programme, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Muscle Research and Therapeutics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Ghiso E, Migliore C, Ciciriello V, Morando E, Petrelli A, Corso S, De Luca E, Gatti G, Volante M, Giordano S. YAP-Dependent AXL Overexpression Mediates Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors in NSCLC. Neoplasia 2017; 19:1012-1021. [PMID: 29136529 PMCID: PMC5683041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional co-activator upregulating genes that promote cell growth and inhibit apoptosis. The main dysregulation of the Hippo pathway in tumors is due to YAP overexpression, promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cell transformation, and increased metastatic ability. Moreover, it has recently been shown that YAP plays a role in sustaining resistance to targeted therapies as well. In our work, we evaluated the role of YAP in acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancer. In EGFR-addicted lung cancer cell lines (HCC4006 and HCC827) rendered resistant to several EGFR inhibitors, we observed that resistance was associated to YAP activation. Indeed, YAP silencing impaired the maintenance of resistance, while YAP overexpression decreased the responsiveness to EGFR inhibitors in sensitive parental cells. In our models, we identified the AXL tyrosine kinase receptor as the main YAP downstream effector responsible for sustaining YAP-driven resistance: in fact, AXL expression was YAP dependent, and pharmacological or genetic AXL inhibition restored the sensitivity of resistant cells to the anti-EGFR drugs. Notably, YAP overactivation and AXL overexpression were identified in a lung cancer patient upon acquisition of resistance to EGFR TKIs, highlighting the clinical relevance of our in vitro results. The reported data demonstrate that YAP and its downstream target AXL play a crucial role in resistance to EGFR TKIs and suggest that a combined inhibition of EGFR and the YAP/AXL axis could be a good therapeutic option in selected NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ghiso
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, SP 142 km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Cristina Migliore
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, SP 142 km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Italy; University of Torino, Department of Oncology, SP 142 km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Vito Ciciriello
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, SP 142 km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Italy; University of Torino, Department of Oncology, SP 142 km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Elena Morando
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, SP 142 km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Italy; University of Torino, Department of Oncology, SP 142 km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Petrelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, SP 142 km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Italy; University of Torino, Department of Oncology, SP 142 km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Simona Corso
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, SP 142 km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Italy; University of Torino, Department of Oncology, SP 142 km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Emmanuele De Luca
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Gaia Gatti
- Pathology Unit, San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- University of Torino, Department of Oncology, SP 142 km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Italy; Pathology Unit, San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, SP 142 km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Italy; University of Torino, Department of Oncology, SP 142 km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Cao L, Sun PL, Yao M, Jia M, Gao H. Expression of YES-associated protein (YAP) and its clinical significance in breast cancer tissues. Hum Pathol 2017; 68:166-174. [PMID: 28899737 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activator YES-associated protein (YAP) has been reported to act as both an oncogene and tumor suppressor in breast cancers. In this study, we evaluated YAP expression immunohistochemically in 324 breast cancer tissues and correlated the expression with clinicopathological findings and patient survival data. Additionally, we reviewed the literature to clarify the role of YAP in breast cancer. We detected YAP, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth receptor-2 (HER2) expression and a Ki67 labeling index >20% in 53.4%, 49.0%, 45.0%, 28.3%, and 57.4% of invasive ductal carcinoma tissues, respectively. YAP is mainly localized within the tumor cell nuclei, and its expression was associated with the PR status and luminal A subtype. YAP expression also inversely correlated with the HER2 and Ki67 levels and lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed associations of YAP expression with favorable disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival in patients with luminal A breast cancer and with favorable DFS association among patients with invasive ductal carcinoma, luminal B (HER2-), and luminal B (HER2+) breast cancers. A multivariate Cox analysis revealed that YAP expression and PR status were independent favorable predictors of DFS and overall survival, respectively, among patients with breast cancer, whereas tumor-node-metastasis stage and an old age were independent predictors of a poor DFS. Our results, together with the literature review findings, suggest that YAP could be a prognostic marker in patients with breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanqing Cao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China.
| | - Ping-Li Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China.
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China.
| | - Meng Jia
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China.
| | - Hongwen Gao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Huang Z, Hu J, Pan J, Wang Y, Hu G, Zhou J, Mei L, Xiong WC. YAP stabilizes SMAD1 and promotes BMP2-induced neocortical astrocytic differentiation. Development 2017; 143:2398-409. [PMID: 27381227 DOI: 10.1242/dev.130658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
YAP (yes-associated protein), a key transcriptional co-factor that is negatively regulated by the Hippo pathway, is crucial for the development and size control of multiple organs, including the liver. However, its role in the brain remains unclear. Here, we provide evidence for YAP regulation of mouse neocortical astrocytic differentiation and proliferation. YAP was undetectable in neurons, but selectively expressed in neural stem cells (NSCs) and astrocytes. YAP in NSCs was required for neocortical astrocytic differentiation, with no apparent role in self-renewal or neural differentiation. However, YAP in astrocytes was necessary for astrocytic proliferation. Yap (Yap1) knockout, Yap(nestin) conditional knockout and Yap(GFAP) conditional knockout mice displayed fewer neocortical astrocytes and impaired astrocytic proliferation and, consequently, death of neocortical neurons. Mechanistically, YAP was activated by BMP2, and the active/nuclear YAP was crucial for BMP2 induction and stabilization of SMAD1 and astrocytic differentiation. Expression of SMAD1 in YAP-deficient NSCs partially rescued the astrocytic differentiation deficit in response to BMP2. Taken together, these results identify a novel function of YAP in neocortical astrocytic differentiation and proliferation, and reveal a BMP2-YAP-SMAD1 pathway underlying astrocytic differentiation in the developing mouse neocortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Huang
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA Institute of Hypoxia Medicine and Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jinxia Hu
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Jinxiu Pan
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine (Wenzhou Medical University), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Böttcher RT, Sun Z, Fässler R. A forceful connection: mechanoregulation of oncogenic YAP. EMBO J 2017; 36:2467-2469. [PMID: 28724528 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Thomas Böttcher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhiqi Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Guillemette S, Rico C, Godin P, Boerboom D, Paquet M. In Vitro Validation of the Hippo Pathway as a Pharmacological Target for Canine Mammary Gland Tumors. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2017; 22:203-214. [PMID: 28822004 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-017-9384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms in intact female dogs. Some clinical and molecular similarities between certain CMT subtypes and breast cancer make them a potential model for the study of the human disease. As misregulated Hippo signaling is thought to play an important role in breast cancer development and also occurs in CMTs, we sought to determine if Hippo represents a valid pharmacological target for the treatment of CMTs. Six CMT cell lines were assessed for their expression of the Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ and for their sensitivity to verteporfin, an inhibitor of YAP-mediated transcriptional coactivation. Four cell lines that expressed YAP (CMT-9, -12, -28, -47) were found to be very sensitive to verteporfin treatment, which killed the cells through induction of apoptosis with ED50 values of 14-79 nM. Conversely, two YAP-negative cell lines (CF-35, CMT-25) were an order of magnitude more resistant to verteporfin. Verteporfin suppressed the expression of YAP/TAZ target genes, particularly CYR61 and CTGF, which play important roles in breast cancer development. Verteporfin was also able to inhibit cell migration and anchorage-independent growth. Likewise, verteporfin efficiently suppressed tumor cell invasiveness in the CMT-28 and -47 lines, but not in CF-35 cells. Together, our findings provide proof of principle that pharmacological targeting of the Hippo pathway compromises the viability and attenuates the malignant behavior of CMT cells. These results will serve as the basis for the development of novel chemotherapeutic approaches for CMTs that could translate to human medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Guillemette
- Département de pathologie et de microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Charlène Rico
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Godin
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marilène Paquet
- Département de pathologie et de microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Expression of YAP/TAZ in Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumors and Its Possible Association with Proliferative Behavior. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4624890. [PMID: 28512636 PMCID: PMC5420425 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4624890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to clarify whether YAP/TAZ is involved in the pathogenesis and proliferative growth of keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT). The expression levels of YAP/TAZ and downstream proteins and genes in normal oral mucosa (OM) and KCOT were determined and compared by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the expression of YAP/TAZ and downstream proteins (Cyr61, CTGF) was significantly upregulated in KCOT with upregulation of Ki-67 compared to OM. Importantly, the mRNA levels of transcription factors (TEAD1, TEAD4, and RUNX2) and cell cycle related genes (CDK2, PCNA), which interact with the transcriptional coactivators YAP/TAZ, are also upregulated in the KCOT. In addition, the results from Spearman rank correlation test revealed the close relationship between YAP/TAZ and Ki-67, which was further evidenced by double-labelling immunofluorescence that revealed a synchronous distribution for YAP/TAZ with Ki-67 in KCOT samples. All the data suggested YAP/TAZ might be involved in the proliferative behavior of KCOT.
Collapse
|
123
|
Totaro A, Castellan M, Battilana G, Zanconato F, Azzolin L, Giulitti S, Cordenonsi M, Piccolo S. YAP/TAZ link cell mechanics to Notch signalling to control epidermal stem cell fate. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15206. [PMID: 28513598 PMCID: PMC5442321 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
How the behaviour of somatic stem cells (SCs) is influenced by mechanical signals remains a black-box in cell biology. Here we show that YAP/TAZ regulation by cell shape and rigidity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) dictates a pivotal SC decision: to remain undifferentiated and grow, or to activate a terminal differentiation programme. Notably, mechano-activation of YAP/TAZ promotes epidermal stemness by inhibition of Notch signalling, a key factor for epidermal differentiation. Conversely, YAP/TAZ inhibition by low mechanical forces induces Notch signalling and loss of SC traits. As such, mechano-dependent regulation of YAP/TAZ reflects into mechano-dependent regulation of Notch signalling. Mechanistically, at least in part, this is mediated by YAP/TAZ binding to distant enhancers activating the expression of Delta-like ligands, serving as ‘in cis' inhibitors of Notch. Thus YAP/TAZ mechanotransduction integrates with cell–cell communication pathways for fine-grained orchestration of SC decisions. Notch signalling is a fundamental negative regulator of epidermal stemness. Here, the authors show that cell mechanics through YAP/TAZ activity prevent primary human keratinocytes from differentiating by inhibiting cell-autonomous Notch signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Totaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, Padua 35126, Italy
| | - Martina Castellan
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, Padua 35126, Italy
| | - Giusy Battilana
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, Padua 35126, Italy
| | - Francesca Zanconato
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, Padua 35126, Italy
| | - Luca Azzolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, Padua 35126, Italy
| | - Stefano Giulitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, Padua 35126, Italy.,Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padua, via Marzolo 9, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Cordenonsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, Padua 35126, Italy
| | - Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, Padua 35126, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Hu JKH, Du W, Shelton SJ, Oldham MC, DiPersio CM, Klein OD. An FAK-YAP-mTOR Signaling Axis Regulates Stem Cell-Based Tissue Renewal in Mice. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 21:91-106.e6. [PMID: 28457749 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis requires the production of newly differentiated cells from resident adult stem cells. Central to this process is the expansion of undifferentiated intermediates known as transit-amplifying (TA) cells, but how stem cells are triggered to enter this proliferative TA state remains an important open question. Using the continuously growing mouse incisor as a model of stem cell-based tissue renewal, we found that the transcriptional cofactors YAP and TAZ are required both to maintain TA cell proliferation and to inhibit differentiation. Specifically, we identified a pathway involving activation of integrin α3 in TA cells that signals through an LATS-independent FAK/CDC42/PP1A cascade to control YAP-S397 phosphorylation and nuclear localization. This leads to Rheb expression and potentiates mTOR signaling to drive the proliferation of TA cells. These findings thus reveal a YAP/TAZ signaling mechanism that coordinates stem cell expansion and differentiation during organ renewal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Kuang-Hsien Hu
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Samuel J Shelton
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael C Oldham
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - C Michael DiPersio
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Andl T, Zhou L, Yang K, Kadekaro AL, Zhang Y. YAP and WWTR1: New targets for skin cancer treatment. Cancer Lett 2017; 396:30-41. [PMID: 28279717 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The core components of the Hippo signaling pathway are a cascade of kinases that govern the phosphorylation of downstream transcriptional co-activators, namely, YES-associated protein (YAP) and WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 (WWTR1, also known as TAZ). The Hippo signaling pathway is considered an important tumor-suppressor pathway, and its dysregulation has been noted in a variety of human cancers, in which YAP/WWTR1 enable cancerous cells to overcome contact inhibition, and to grow and spread uncontrollably. Interestingly, however, recent studies have told a somewhat different but perhaps more intriguing YAP/WWTR1 story, as these studies found that YAP/WWTR1 function as a central hub that integrates signals from multiple upstream signaling pathways, cell-cell interactions and mechanical forces and then bind to and activate different downstream transcriptional factors to direct cell social behavior and cell-cell interactions. In this review, we present the latest findings on the role of YAP/WWTR1 in skin physiology, pathology and tumorigenesis and discuss the statuses of newly developed therapeutic interventions that target YAP/WWTR1 in human cancers, as well as their prospects for use as skin cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Linli Zhou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ana Luisa Kadekaro
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Nishio M, Maehama T, Goto H, Nakatani K, Kato W, Omori H, Miyachi Y, Togashi H, Shimono Y, Suzuki A. Hippo vs. Crab: tissue-specific functions of the mammalian Hippo pathway. Genes Cells 2017; 22:6-31. [PMID: 28078823 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a vital suppressor of tumorigenesis that is often inactivated in human cancers. In normal cells, the Hippo pathway is triggered by external forces such as cell crowding, or changes to the extracellular matrix or cell polarity. Once activated, Hippo signaling down-regulates transcription supported by the paralogous cofactors YAP1 and TAZ. The Hippo pathway's functions in normal and cancer biology have been dissected by studies of mutant mice with null or conditional tissue-specific mutations of Hippo signaling elements. In this review, we attempt to systematically summarize results that have been gleaned from detailed in vivo characterizations of these mutants. Our goal is to describe the physiological roles of Hippo signaling in several normal organ systems, as well as to emphasize how disruption of the Hippo pathway, and particularly hyperactivation of YAP1/TAZ, can be oncogenic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Nishio
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Maehama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroki Goto
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakatani
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Wakako Kato
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Omori
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Miyachi
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideru Togashi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Britschgi A, Duss S, Kim S, Couto JP, Brinkhaus H, Koren S, De Silva D, Mertz KD, Kaup D, Varga Z, Voshol H, Vissieres A, Leroy C, Roloff T, Stadler MB, Scheel CH, Miraglia LJ, Orth AP, Bonamy GMC, Reddy VA, Bentires-Alj M. The Hippo kinases LATS1 and 2 control human breast cell fate via crosstalk with ERα. Nature 2017; 541:541-545. [PMID: 28068668 DOI: 10.1038/nature20829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell fate perturbations underlie many human diseases, including breast cancer. Unfortunately, the mechanisms by which breast cell fate are regulated are largely unknown. The mammary gland epithelium consists of differentiated luminal epithelial and basal myoepithelial cells, as well as undifferentiated stem cells and more restricted progenitors. Breast cancer originates from this epithelium, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie breast epithelial hierarchy remain ill-defined. Here, we use a high-content confocal image-based short hairpin RNA screen to identify tumour suppressors that regulate breast cell fate in primary human breast epithelial cells. We show that ablation of the large tumour suppressor kinases (LATS) 1 and 2 (refs 5, 6), which are part of the Hippo pathway, promotes the luminal phenotype and increases the number of bipotent and luminal progenitors, the proposed cells-of-origin of most human breast cancers. Mechanistically, we have identified a direct interaction between Hippo and oestrogen receptor-α (ERα) signalling. In the presence of LATS, ERα was targeted for ubiquitination and Ddb1-cullin4-associated-factor 1 (DCAF1)-dependent proteasomal degradation. Absence of LATS stabilized ERα and the Hippo effectors YAP and TAZ (hereafter YAP/TAZ), which together control breast cell fate through intrinsic and paracrine mechanisms. Our findings reveal a non-canonical (that is, YAP/TAZ-independent) effect of LATS in the regulation of human breast cell fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Britschgi
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Duss
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Joana Pinto Couto
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heike Brinkhaus
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shany Koren
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Duvini De Silva
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten D Mertz
- Institute of Pathology Liestal, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Kaup
- Institute of Pathology Liestal, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Voshol
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Cedric Leroy
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tim Roloff
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael B Stadler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina H Scheel
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Loren J Miraglia
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Anthony P Orth
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Ghislain M C Bonamy
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Venkateshwar A Reddy
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Mohamed Bentires-Alj
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Passaniti A, Brusgard JL, Qiao Y, Sudol M, Finch-Edmondson M. Roles of RUNX in Hippo Pathway Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:435-448. [PMID: 28299672 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Runt-domain (RD) transcription factors (RUNX genes) are an important family of transcriptional mediators that interact with a variety of proteins including the Hippo pathway effector proteins, YAP and TAZ. In this chapter we focus on two examples of RUNX-TAZ/YAP interactions that have particular significance in human cancer. Specifically, recent evidence has found that RUNX2 cooperates with TAZ to promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition mediated by the soluble N-terminal ectodomain of E-Cadherin, sE-Cad. Contrastingly, in gastric cancer, RUNX3 acts as a tumor suppressor via inhibition of the YAP-TEAD complex and disruption of downstream YAP-mediated gene transcription and the oncogenic phenotype. The reports highlighted in this chapter add to the growing repertoire of instances of Hippo pathway crosstalk that have been identified in cancer. Elucidation of these increasingly complex interactions may help to identify novel strategies to target Hippo pathway dysregulation in human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Passaniti
- Department of Pathology and Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Veterans Administration Health Service, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jessica L Brusgard
- Department of Pathology and Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Veterans Administration Health Service, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yiting Qiao
- The Mechanobiology Institute (MBI) and the NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Marius Sudol
- The Mechanobiology Institute (MBI) and the NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Megan Finch-Edmondson
- The Mechanobiology Institute (MBI) and the NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
TAp63 suppresses mammary tumorigenesis through regulation of the Hippo pathway. Oncogene 2016; 36:2377-2393. [PMID: 27869165 PMCID: PMC5415945 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms regulating the transition of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) to mammary stem cells (MaSCs) and to tumor-initiating cells (TICs) have not been entirely elucidated. The p53 family member, p63, is critical for mammary gland development and contains transactivation domain isoforms, which have tumor-suppressive activities, and the ΔN isoforms, which act as oncogenes. In the clinic, p63 is often used as a diagnostic marker, and further analysis of the function of TAp63 in the mammary gland is critical for improved diagnosis and patient care. Loss of TAp63 in mice leads to the formation of aggressive metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma at 9-16 months of age. Here we show that TAp63 is crucial for the transition of mammary cancer cells to TICs. When TAp63 is lost, MECs express embryonic and MaSC signatures and activate the Hippo pathway. These data indicate a crucial role for TAp63 in mammary TICs and provide a mechanism for its role as a tumor- and metastasis-suppressor in breast cancer.
Collapse
|
130
|
Janse van Rensburg HJ, Yang X. The roles of the Hippo pathway in cancer metastasis. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1761-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
131
|
Ni T, Li XY, Lu N, An T, Liu ZP, Fu R, Lv WC, Zhang YW, Xu XJ, Grant Rowe R, Lin YS, Scherer A, Feinberg T, Zheng XQ, Chen BA, Liu XS, Guo QL, Wu ZQ, Weiss SJ. Snail1-dependent p53 repression regulates expansion and activity of tumour-initiating cells in breast cancer. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:1221-1232. [PMID: 27749822 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The zinc-finger transcription factor Snail1 is inappropriately expressed in breast cancer and associated with poor prognosis. While interrogating human databases, we uncovered marked decreases in relapse-free survival of breast cancer patients expressing high Snail1 levels in tandem with wild-type, but not mutant, p53. Using a Snail1 conditional knockout model of mouse breast cancer that maintains wild-type p53, we find that Snail1 plays an essential role in tumour progression by controlling the expansion and activity of tumour-initiating cells in preneoplastic glands and established tumours, whereas it is not required for normal mammary development. Growth and survival of preneoplastic as well as neoplastic mammary epithelial cells is dependent on the formation of a Snail1/HDAC1/p53 tri-molecular complex that deacetylates active p53, thereby promoting its proteasomal degradation. Our findings identify Snail1 as a molecular bypass that suppresses the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects exerted by wild-type p53 in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Teng An
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Rong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen-Cong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - R Grant Rowe
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yong-Shun Lin
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Amanda Scherer
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Tamar Feinberg
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xiao-Qi Zheng
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Bao-An Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - X Shirley Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Qing-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhao-Qiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Stephen J Weiss
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Li H, Gumbiner BM. Deregulation of the Hippo pathway in mouse mammary stem cells promotes mammary tumorigenesis. Mamm Genome 2016; 27:556-564. [PMID: 27601049 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo-YAP pathway mediates organ size control, contact inhibition, and tumorigenesis. It is a kinase cascade that inhibits the nuclear localization and transcriptional activities of YAP and TAZ. E-cadherin, cell junctions, polarity proteins, and the merlin/NF2 tumor suppressor activate the pathway to inhibit YAP/TAZ activity, while growth factor signaling inhibits the pathway to activate YAP/TAZ in the nucleus. We examined its role in the development of mouse mammary glands and tumor formation using gland reconstitution by transplantation of genetically modified mammary stem cells (MaSCs). Knockdown of YAP and TAZ with shRNA in MaSCs did not inhibit gland reconstitution. In contrast, knockdown of β-catenin blocked gland reconstitution, consistent with the known role of Wnt signaling in mammary gland development. However, we find that Hippo signaling is involved in mammary tumor formation. Expression of a constitutively active form of YAP caused rapid formation of large tumors. Moreover, knockdown of YAP/TAZ slowed the development of tumors in polyoma middle T transgenic mice, a well-studied mammary tumor model involving activation of several signaling pathways. YAP accumulated in nuclei of mammary glands in ErbB2/EGFR-transgenic mice, suggesting that EGFR signaling affects YAP in vivo similar to cell culture. ErbB2/EGFR-transgenic mice develop mammary tumors in 7-8 months, but surprisingly, MaSCs from these mice did not form tumors when transplanted into host mice. Nonetheless, expression of dominant-negative Lats, which inhibits Hippo signaling, leads to tumor formation in ErbB2-transgenic mice, suggesting that Hippo signaling is involved in EGFR-induced mammary tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Barry M Gumbiner
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1900 9th Ave. Mailstop JMB-5, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Feng J, Gou J, Jia J, Yi T, Cui T, Li Z. Verteporfin, a suppressor of YAP-TEAD complex, presents promising antitumor properties on ovarian cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:5371-81. [PMID: 27621651 PMCID: PMC5010158 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key transcriptional coactivator of Hippo pathway and has been shown to be an oncoprotein in ovarian cancer (OC). Verteporfin (VP), clinically used in photodynamic therapy for neovascular macular degeneration, has been recently proven to be a suppressor of YAP–TEAD complex and has shown potential in anticancer treatment. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential effect of VP in the treatment of OC. Our results showed that VP led to inhibition of proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner and to the suppression of migratory and invasive capacities of OC cells. Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that VP induced YAP cytoplasmic retention and deregulated inducible YAP and CCNs in OC cells. In vivo, VP exerted a significant effect on tumor growth in OVCAR8 xenograft mice, resulting in tumor nodules with lower average weight and reduced volume of gross ascites. In addition, VP treatment remarkably upregulated cytoplasmic YAP and phosphorylation YAP and downregulated CCN1 and CCN2, but exerted little effect on YAP-upstream components in Hippo pathway. In conclusion, our results suggested that VP may be a promising agent for OC, acting by suppressing YAP–TEAD complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jia Jia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics
| | - Tao Yi
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Cui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics
| | - Zhengyu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Transformation by Polyomavirus Middle T Antigen Involves a Unique Bimodal Interaction with the Hippo Effector YAP. J Virol 2016; 90:7032-7045. [PMID: 27194756 PMCID: PMC4984622 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00417-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Murine polyomavirus has repeatedly provided insights into tumorigenesis, revealing key control mechanisms such as tyrosine phosphorylation and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. We recently demonstrated that polyomavirus small T antigen (ST) binds YAP, a major effector of Hippo signaling, to regulate differentiation. Here we characterize YAP as a target of middle T antigen (MT) important for transformation. Through a surface including residues R103 and D182, wild-type MT binds to the YAP WW domains. Mutation of either R103 or D182 of MT abrogates YAP binding without affecting binding to other signaling molecules or the strength of PI3K or Ras signaling. Either genetic abrogation of YAP binding to MT or silencing of YAP via short hairpin RNA (shRNA) reduced MT transformation, suggesting that YAP makes a positive contribution to the transformed phenotype. MT targets YAP both by activating signaling pathways that affect it and by binding to it. MT signaling, whether from wild-type MT or the YAP-binding MT mutant, promoted YAP phosphorylation at S127 and S381/397 (YAP2/YAP1). Consistent with the known functions of these phosphorylated serines, MT signaling leads to the loss of YAP from the nucleus and degradation. Binding of YAP to MT brings it together with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), leading to the dephosphorylation of YAP in the MT complex. It also leads to the enrichment of YAP in membranes. Taken together, these results indicate that YAP promotes MT transformation via mechanisms that may depart from YAP's canonical oncogenic transcriptional activation functions. IMPORTANCE The highly conserved Hippo/YAP pathway is important for tissue development and homeostasis. Increasingly, changes in this pathway are being associated with cancer. Middle T antigen (MT) is the primary polyomavirus oncogene responsible for tumor formation. In this study, we show that MT signaling promotes YAP phosphorylation, loss from the nucleus, and increased turnover. Notably, MT genetics demonstrate that YAP binding to MT is important for transformation. Because MT also binds PP2A, YAP bound to MT is dephosphorylated, stabilized, and localized to membranes. Taken together, these results indicate that YAP promotes MT transformation via mechanisms that depart from YAP's canonical oncogenic transcriptional activation functions.
Collapse
|
135
|
Elster D, Jaenicke LA, Eilers M, von Eyss B. TEAD activity is restrained by MYC and stratifies human breast cancer subtypes. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2551-2556. [PMID: 27433809 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1207837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Myc (MYC) is an oncogenic transcription factor that is commonly overexpressed in a wide variety of human tumors. In breast cancer, MYC has recently been linked to the triple-negative subtype, a subtype that lacks any targeted therapy. Previously, we demonstrated that MYC behaves as a potent repressor of YAP and TAZ, 2 transcriptional coactivators that function as downstream transducers of the Hippo pathway. In this previous study, MYC repressed YAP/TAZ not only in primary breast epithelial cells but also in mouse models of triple-negative tumors. Here, we extend our previous bioinformatic and experimental analyses and demonstrate that MYC deregulation in primary breast epithelial cells leads to a robust repression of TEAD transcription factor activity, the transcription factor family mainly responsible for YAP/TAZ recruitment. Surprisingly, we find that MYC and TEAD activity is able to stratify different breast cancer subtypes in large panels of breast cancer patients. Thus, a deep understanding of the MYC-YAP/TAZ circuitry might yield new insights into the establishment and maintenance of specific breast cancer subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Elster
- a Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. , Jena , Germany.,b Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg , Würzburg Germany
| | - Laura A Jaenicke
- b Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg , Würzburg Germany
| | - Martin Eilers
- b Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg , Würzburg Germany.,c Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Björn von Eyss
- a Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. , Jena , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Zanconato F, Cordenonsi M, Piccolo S. YAP/TAZ at the Roots of Cancer. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:783-803. [PMID: 27300434 PMCID: PMC6186419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1310] [Impact Index Per Article: 163.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
YAP and TAZ are highly related transcriptional regulators pervasively activated in human malignancies. Recent work indicates that, remarkably, YAP/TAZ are essential for cancer initiation or growth of most solid tumors. Their activation induces cancer stem cell attributes, proliferation, chemoresistance, and metastasis. YAP/TAZ are sensors of the structural and mechanical features of the cell microenvironment. A number of cancer-associated extrinsic and intrinsic cues conspire to overrule the YAP-inhibiting microenvironment of normal tissues, including changes in mechanotransduction, inflammation, oncogenic signaling, and regulation of the Hippo pathway. Addiction to YAP/TAZ thus potentially represents a central cancer vulnerability that may be exploited therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zanconato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Cordenonsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy.
| | - Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Markers of Hippo-Pathway Activity in Tumor Forming Liver Lesions. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 23:33-39. [PMID: 27276915 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal cancer worldwide. Recently, the hippo signaling pathway has been implicated in tumorigenesis of HCC and other malignant tumors. Aim of the study was therefore to evaluate the hippo signaling pathway activity and its clinico-pathological associations and crosstalk in different tumor forming hepatocellular lesions (HCC, hepatocellular adenoma (HCA), focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and cirrhosis). A tissue micro array (TMA) from paired human tumorous and non-tumorous (NT) tissue samples of HCC (n = 92), HCA (n = 25), FNH (n = 28) and cirrhosis (n = 28; no NT) was constructed. The hippo-pathway related proteins of MST1/2, (nuclear(n)/cytoplasmic(c)) YAP and (phospho(p)) TAZ and interactors as Glypican3, RASSF1a, pAKT, pERK and pP70S6K were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Proliferation was assessed by Ki67-IHC and apoptosis by TUNEL-technique. MST1/2- and nYAP-immunoreactivity was associated with lymph node status (p = 0.048, p = 0.001), higher grading (p = 0.012, p = 0.24) and unfavorable relapse-free survival (p = 0.004, p = 0.003). MST1/2, c/nYAP and pTAZ were significantly different between HCC/NT (p < 0.001, p = 0.029, p < 0.001, p < 0.001) and mono-/polyclonal hepatocellular lesions (HCC/HCA vs. FNH/cirrhosis; all p ≤ 0.001). Phospho-TAZ-negativity and nYAP-positivity were almost exclusively and MST1/2 exclusively detected in HCC. MST1/2 correlated with pP70S6K (p = 0.002), pERK (p = 0.042), RASSF1a-IRS (p = 0.002) and GPC3 (p < 0.001) and nYAP with GPC3 (p = 0.025), higher Ki67-indices (p = 0.016) and lower apoptosis rate (p = 0.078). MST1/2 and nYAP are unfavorable prognostic markers associated with an aggressive tumor-phenotype in HCC. Positive nYAP- and negative pTAZ-immunostaining were strong indicators of a monoclonal hepatocellular lesion. The unexpected findings for MST1/2 remain to be elucidated.
Collapse
|
138
|
YAP/TAZ as therapeutic targets in cancer. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 29:26-33. [PMID: 27262779 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biology and regulation of YAP and TAZ, two closely related transcriptional regulators, are receiving increasing attention owing to their fundamental roles in organ growth, tissue repair and cancer. In particular, the widespread activation of YAP/TAZ in carcinomas, and the crucial role of YAP/TAZ activation for many 'hallmarks' of cancer are indicating YAP/TAZ as prime targets for designing anti-cancer drugs. Here, we start from the known modalities to regulate YAP/TAZ to highlight possible routes of therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
|
139
|
Irianto J, Pfeifer CR, Ivanovska IL, Swift J, Discher DE. Nuclear lamins in cancer. Cell Mol Bioeng 2016; 9:258-267. [PMID: 27570565 PMCID: PMC4999255 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-016-0437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysmorphic nuclei are commonly seen in cancers and provide strong motivation for studying the main structural proteins of nuclei, the lamins, in cancer. Past studies have also demonstrated the significance of microenvironment mechanics to cancer progression, which is extremely interesting because the lamina was recently shown to be mechanosensitive. Here, we review current knowledge relating cancer progression to lamina biophysics. Lamin levels can constrain cancer cell migration in 3D and thereby impede tumor growth, and lamins can also protect a cancer cell's genome. In addition, lamins can influence transcriptional regulators (RAR, SRF, YAP/TAZ) and chromosome conformation in lamina associated domains. Further investigation of the roles for lamins in cancer and even DNA damage may lead to new therapies or at least to a clearer understanding of lamins as bio-markers in cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Irianto
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlotte R. Pfeifer
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Irena L. Ivanovska
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joe Swift
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Abstract
In this review, Meng et al. focus on recent developments in our understanding of the molecular actions of the core Hippo kinase cascade and discuss key open questions in Hippo pathway regulation and function. The Hippo pathway was initially identified in Drosophila melanogaster screens for tissue growth two decades ago and has been a subject extensively studied in both Drosophila and mammals in the last several years. The core of the Hippo pathway consists of a kinase cascade, transcription coactivators, and DNA-binding partners. Recent studies have expanded the Hippo pathway as a complex signaling network with >30 components. This pathway is regulated by intrinsic cell machineries, such as cell–cell contact, cell polarity, and actin cytoskeleton, as well as a wide range of signals, including cellular energy status, mechanical cues, and hormonal signals that act through G-protein-coupled receptors. The major functions of the Hippo pathway have been defined to restrict tissue growth in adults and modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in developing organs. Furthermore, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway leads to aberrant cell growth and neoplasia. In this review, we focus on recent developments in our understanding of the molecular actions of the core Hippo kinase cascade and discuss key open questions in the regulation and function of the Hippo pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Toshiro Moroishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Vici P, Ercolani C, Di Benedetto A, Pizzuti L, Di Lauro L, Sperati F, Terrenato I, Gamucci T, Natoli C, Di Filippo F, Botti C, Barba M, Mottolese M, De Maria R, Maugeri-Saccà M. Topographic expression of the Hippo transducers TAZ and YAP in triple-negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:62. [PMID: 27039292 PMCID: PMC4818869 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The Hippo signaling acts as a tumor-suppressor pathway that negatively regulates TAZ and YAP. Increasing evidence supports the activation of TAZ and YAP in breast cancer. Moreover, the Hippo pathway is involved in the biology of non-neoplastic cells residing in the tumor microenvironment. On this basis, we herein assessed TAZ and YAP in triple-negative breast cancer and its surrounding microenvironemnt in order to investigate their impact on pathological complete response (pCR) and tumor recurrence. Methods Sixty-one triple-negative breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were retrospectively evaluated. TAZ and YAP were assessed by immunohistochemistry and classified as positive or negative according to the percentage of tumor-expressing cells, cellular localization, and staining intensity. TAZ and YAP expression was also evaluated in non-lymphocytic stromal cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and endothelial cells. The Pearson’s Chi-squared test of independence was used to test the association between TAZ/YAP and clinical-molecular factors. A multivariate logistic regression model was generated to identify variables impacting pCR. The Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test were used for estimating and comparing survival curves. Cox proportional regression models were built to evaluate the risk of recurrence for the variables considered. Internal validation was carried out with a re-sampling without replacement method. Results We did not observe any impact on pCR rate when TAZ and YAP were addressed singularly. Conversely, the combined expression of YAP in tumor cells and non-lymphocytic stromal cells was an independent predictor of reduced pCR rate in the multivariate model (OR 7.13, 95 % CI: 1.23–41.41, p = 0.029). Next, the combined expression of TAZ and YAP was associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) in multivariate analysis (HR 3.07, 95 % CI: 1.24–7.61, p = 0.016). The robustness of these findings were internally validated. Conclusions The combined expression of YAP in TNBC cells and in the surrounding stroma seems to be associated with a decreased likelihood to achieve pCR. Conversely, the combined expression of TAZ and YAP in tumor cells conferred poor survival outcomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0338-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Ercolani
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Di Benedetto
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Lauro
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sperati
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Clara Natoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Franco Di Filippo
- Department of Surgery, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Botti
- Department of Surgery, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. .,Division of Medical Oncology B and Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. .,Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. .,Division of Medical Oncology B and Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Sokol ES, Miller DH, Breggia A, Spencer KC, Arendt LM, Gupta PB. Growth of human breast tissues from patient cells in 3D hydrogel scaffolds. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:19. [PMID: 26926363 PMCID: PMC4772689 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Three-dimensional (3D) cultures have proven invaluable for expanding human tissues for basic research and clinical applications. In both contexts, 3D cultures are most useful when they (1) support the outgrowth of tissues from primary human cells that have not been immortalized through extensive culture or viral infection and (2) include defined, physiologically relevant components. Here we describe a 3D culture system with both of these properties that stimulates the outgrowth of morphologically complex and hormone-responsive mammary tissues from primary human breast epithelial cells. Methods Primary human breast epithelial cells isolated from patient reduction mammoplasty tissues were seeded into 3D hydrogels. The hydrogel scaffolds were composed of extracellular proteins and carbohydrates present in human breast tissue and were cultured in serum-free medium containing only defined components. The physical properties of these hydrogels were determined using atomic force microscopy. Tissue growth was monitored over time using bright-field and fluorescence microscopy, and maturation was assessed using morphological metrics and by immunostaining for markers of stem cells and differentiated cell types. The hydrogel tissues were also studied by fabricating physical models from confocal images using a 3D printer. Results When seeded into these 3D hydrogels, primary human breast epithelial cells rapidly self-organized in the absence of stromal cells and within 2 weeks expanded to form mature mammary tissues. The mature tissues contained luminal, basal, and stem cells in the correct topological orientation and also exhibited the complex ductal and lobular morphologies observed in the human breast. The expanded tissues became hollow when treated with estrogen and progesterone, and with the further addition of prolactin produced lipid droplets, indicating that they were responding to hormones. Ductal branching was initiated by clusters of cells expressing putative mammary stem cell markers, which subsequently localized to the leading edges of the tissue outgrowths. Ductal elongation was preceded by leader cells that protruded from the tips of ducts and engaged with the extracellular matrix. Conclusions These 3D hydrogel scaffolds support the growth of complex mammary tissues from primary patient-derived cells. We anticipate that this culture system will empower future studies of human mammary gland development and biology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0677-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan S Sokol
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Daniel H Miller
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Anne Breggia
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA.
| | - Kevin C Spencer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Lisa M Arendt
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.
| | - Piyush B Gupta
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Maugeri-Saccà M, De Maria R. Hippo pathway and breast cancer stem cells. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 99:115-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
144
|
Yu FX, Zhao B, Guan KL. Hippo Pathway in Organ Size Control, Tissue Homeostasis, and Cancer. Cell 2016; 163:811-28. [PMID: 26544935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1575] [Impact Index Per Article: 196.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two decades of studies in multiple model organisms have established the Hippo pathway as a key regulator of organ size and tissue homeostasis. By inhibiting YAP and TAZ transcription co-activators, the Hippo pathway regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and stemness in response to a wide range of extracellular and intracellular signals, including cell-cell contact, cell polarity, mechanical cues, ligands of G-protein-coupled receptors, and cellular energy status. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway exerts a significant impact on cancer development. Further investigation of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of this pathway will help uncovering the mystery of organ size control and identify new targets for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Xing Yu
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Zhang Y, Gong H, Sun Y, Huang Y, Fan Y. Enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on grid-topographic surface and evidence for involvement of YAP mediator. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1143-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University, Haidian District; Beijing 100191 China
| | - He Gong
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University, Haidian District; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University, Haidian District; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University, Haidian District; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yubo Fan
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University, Haidian District; Beijing 100191 China
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Kim T, Yang SJ, Hwang D, Song J, Kim M, Kyum Kim S, Kang K, Ahn J, Lee D, Kim MY, Kim S, Seung Koo J, Seok Koh S, Kim SY, Lim DS. A basal-like breast cancer-specific role for SRF-IL6 in YAP-induced cancer stemness. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10186. [PMID: 26671411 PMCID: PMC4703869 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The switch between stem/progenitor cell expansion and differentiation is critical for organ homeostasis. The mammalian Hippo pathway effector and oncoprotein YAP expands undifferentiated stem/progenitor cells in various tissues. However, the YAP-associated transcription factors and downstream targets underlying this stemness-promoting activity are poorly understood. Here we show that the SRF–IL6 axis is the critical mediator of YAP-induced stemness in mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer. Specifically, serum response factor (SRF)-mediated binding and recruitment of YAP to mammary stem cell (MaSC) signature-gene promoters induce numerous MaSC signature genes, among which the target interleukin (IL)-6 is critical for YAP-induced stemness. High SRF–YAP/TAZ expression is correlated with IL6-enriched MaSC/basal-like breast cancer (BLBC). Finally, we show that this high SRF expression enables YAP to more efficiently induce IL6 and stemness in BLBC compared with luminal-type breast cancer. Collectively, our results establish the importance of SRF–YAP–IL6 signalling in promoting MaSC-like properties in a BLBC-specific manner. The downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, YAP, is a critical regulator of both normal and cancer stem cell properties. In this study, the authors show that in basal-like breast tumors YAP forms a complex with SRF and together they induce a mammary stem cell gene signature through the transcriptional activation of IL-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tackhoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.,National Creative Research Center for Cell Division and Differentiation, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Suk-Jin Yang
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.,National Creative Research Center for Cell Division and Differentiation, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jinhoi Song
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Minchul Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.,National Creative Research Center for Cell Division and Differentiation, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jaebum Ahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.,National Creative Research Center for Cell Division and Differentiation, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Daeyoup Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Sang Seok Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
von Eyss B, Jaenicke LA, Kortlever RM, Royla N, Wiese KE, Letschert S, McDuffus LA, Sauer M, Rosenwald A, Evan GI, Kempa S, Eilers M. A MYC-Driven Change in Mitochondrial Dynamics Limits YAP/TAZ Function in Mammary Epithelial Cells and Breast Cancer. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:743-757. [PMID: 26678338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In several developmental lineages, an increase in MYC expression drives the transition from quiescent stem cells to transit-amplifying cells. We show that MYC activates a stereotypic transcriptional program of genes involved in cell growth in mammary epithelial cells. This change in gene expression indirectly inhibits the YAP/TAZ co-activators, which maintain the clonogenic potential of these cells. We identify a phospholipase of the mitochondrial outer membrane, PLD6, as the mediator of MYC activity. MYC-dependent growth strains cellular energy resources and stimulates AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). PLD6 alters mitochondrial fusion and fission dynamics downstream of MYC. This change activates AMPK, which in turn inhibits YAP/TAZ. Mouse models and human pathological data show that MYC enhances AMPK and suppresses YAP/TAZ activity in mammary tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn von Eyss
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura A Jaenicke
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roderik M Kortlever
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nadine Royla
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin E Wiese
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Letschert
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leigh-Anne McDuffus
- Histopathology and ISH Core Facility, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerard I Evan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Stefan Kempa
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Eilers
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Sharif GM, Wellstein A. Cell density regulates cancer metastasis via the Hippo pathway. Future Oncol 2015; 11:3253-60. [PMID: 26561730 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor site to distant organs is the major cause of death in cancer patients. To disseminate, cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, enter the blood stream and extravasate at distant organ sites such as the liver, lung, bone or brain. While cancer cells are known to evade contact inhibition during growth in culture, we found that cell density is still sensed and can signal through the Hippo pathway effectors LATS1 and YAP. These effectors control cancer cell invasive behavior into stromal tissues, expression of cytokines that recruit inflammatory cells and progression toward metastatic spread. In this perspective, we discuss the drivers and the significance of pathways controlled by cell growth density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M Sharif
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Galli GG, Carrara M, Yuan WC, Valdes-Quezada C, Gurung B, Pepe-Mooney B, Zhang T, Geeven G, Gray NS, de Laat W, Calogero RA, Camargo FD. YAP Drives Growth by Controlling Transcriptional Pause Release from Dynamic Enhancers. Mol Cell 2015; 60:328-37. [PMID: 26439301 PMCID: PMC4624327 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo/YAP signaling pathway is a crucial regulator of tissue growth, stem cell activity, and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism by which YAP controls transcription remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we utilize global chromatin occupancy analyses to demonstrate that robust YAP binding is restricted to a relatively small number of distal regulatory elements in the genome. YAP occupancy defines a subset of enhancers and superenhancers with the highest transcriptional outputs. YAP modulates transcription from these elements predominantly by regulating promoter-proximal polymerase II (Pol II) pause release. Mechanistically, YAP interacts and recruits the Mediator complex to enhancers, allowing the recruitment of the CDK9 elongating kinase. Genetic and chemical perturbation experiments demonstrate the requirement for Mediator and CDK9 in YAP-driven phenotypes of overgrowth and tumorigenesis. Our results here uncover the molecular mechanisms employed by YAP to exert its growth and oncogenic functions, and suggest strategies for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio G Galli
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matteo Carrara
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Wei-Chien Yuan
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christian Valdes-Quezada
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Basanta Gurung
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian Pepe-Mooney
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Geert Geeven
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wouter de Laat
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raffaele A Calogero
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Ehmer U, Sage J. Control of Proliferation and Cancer Growth by the Hippo Signaling Pathway. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 14:127-40. [PMID: 26432795 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The control of cell division is essential for normal development and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Abnormal cell proliferation is associated with multiple pathological states, including cancer. Although the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway was initially thought to control organ size and growth, increasing evidence indicates that this pathway also plays a major role in the control of proliferation independent of organ size control. In particular, accumulating evidence indicates that the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway functionally interacts with multiple other cellular pathways and serves as a central node in the regulation of cell division, especially in cancer cells. Here, recent observations are highlighted that connect Hippo/YAP signaling to transcription, the basic cell-cycle machinery, and the control of cell division. Furthermore, the oncogenic and tumor-suppressive attributes of YAP/TAZ are reviewed, which emphasizes the relevance of the Hippo pathway in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Ehmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|