101
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Sun Y, Coppé JP, Lam EWF. Cellular Senescence: The Sought or the Unwanted? Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:871-885. [PMID: 30153969 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a process that results in irreversible cell-cycle arrest, and is thought to be an autonomous tumor-suppressor mechanism. During senescence, cells develop distinctive metabolic and signaling features, together referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP is implicated in several aging-related pathologies, including various malignancies. Accumulating evidence argues that cellular senescence acts as a double-edged sword in human cancer, and new agents and innovative strategies to tackle senescent cells are in development pipelines to counter the adverse effects of cellular senescence in the clinic. We focus on recent discoveries in senescence research and SASP biology, and highlight the potential of SASP suppression and senescent cell clearance in advancing precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care Systems (VAPSHCS), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Jean-Philippe Coppé
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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102
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Interaction with an endothelial lumen increases neutrophil lifetime and motility in response to P aeruginosa. Blood 2018; 132:1818-1828. [PMID: 30143504 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-05-848465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration into tissues is essential for host defense and pathogen clearance. Although many of the signaling pathways involved in the transendothelial migration of neutrophils are known, the role of the endothelium in regulating neutrophil behavior in response to infection within interstitial tissues remains unclear. Here we developed a microscale 3-dimensional (3D) model that incorporates an endothelial lumen, a 3D extracellular matrix, and an intact bacterial source to model the host microenvironment. Using this system, we show that an endothelial lumen significantly increased neutrophil migration toward a source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Surprisingly, we found neutrophils, which were thought to be short-lived cells in vitro, migrate for up to 24 hours in 3D in the presence of an endothelial lumen and bacteria. In addition, we found that endothelial cells secrete inflammatory mediators induced by the presence of P aeruginosa, including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a known promoter of neutrophil survival, and interleukin (IL)-6, a proinflammatory cytokine. We found that pretreatment of neutrophils with a blocking antibody against the IL-6 receptor significantly reduced neutrophil migration to P aeruginosa but did not alter neutrophil lifetime, indicating that secreted IL-6 is an important signal between endothelial cells and neutrophils that mediates migration. Taken together, these findings demonstrate an important role for endothelial paracrine signaling in neutrophil migration and survival.
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103
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Hu C, Chen M, Jiang R, Guo Y, Wu M, Zhang X. Exosome-related tumor microenvironment. J Cancer 2018; 9:3084-3092. [PMID: 30210631 PMCID: PMC6134819 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (tumor cells are located in the internal and external environment) is vital for the occurrence, growth and metastasis of tumors. An increasing number of studies have shown that exosomes are closely related to the tumor microenvironment. The mechanisms involved, however, are unclear. The focus of this review is on the exosome-related tumor microenvironment and other relevant factors, such as hypoxia, inflammation and angiogenesis. Many studies have suggested that exosomes are important mediators of metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune modulation in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, exosomes can be isolated from bodily fluids of cancer patients, including urine, blood, saliva, milk, tumor effusion, cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid and so on. Consequently, exosomes are potential biomarkers for clinical predictions and are also good drug carriers because they can cross the biofilm without triggering an immune response. Collectively, these findings illustrate that exosomes are crucial for developing potential targets for a new generation of pharmaceutical therapies that would improve the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Rilei Jiang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mianhua Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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104
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Sizova O, Kuriatnikov D, Liu Y, Su DM. Atrophied Thymus, a Tumor Reservoir for Harboring Melanoma Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1652-1664. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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105
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Zhang B, Fu D, Xu Q, Cong X, Wu C, Zhong X, Ma Y, Lv Z, Chen F, Han L, Qian M, Chin YE, Lam EWF, Chiao P, Sun Y. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype is potentiated by feedforward regulatory mechanisms involving Zscan4 and TAK1. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1723. [PMID: 29712904 PMCID: PMC5928226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can be provoked by side effects of therapeutic agents, fueling advanced complications including cancer resistance. However, the intracellular signal network supporting initiation and development of the SASP driven by treatment-induced damage remains unclear. Here we report that the transcription factor Zscan4 is elevated for expression by an ATM-TRAF6-TAK1 axis during the acute DNA damage response and enables a long term SASP in human stromal cells. Further, TAK1 activates p38 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR to support the persistent SASP signaling. As TAK1 is implicated in dual feedforward mechanisms to orchestrate the SASP development, pharmacologically targeting TAK1 deprives cancer cells of resistance acquired from treatment-damaged stromal cells in vitro and substantially promotes tumour regression in vivo. Together, our study reveals a novel network that links functionally critical molecules associated with the SASP development in therapeutic settings, thus opening new avenues to improve clinical outcomes and advance precision medicine. In cancer the side effects of therapeutic agents can provoke senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can drive cancer resistance. During the DNA damage response, transcription factor Zscan4 expression is elevated by an ATM-TRAF6-TAK1 axis leading to long term SASP in human stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Fu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixia Xu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianling Cong
- Tissue Bank, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, 130033, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Provincial Tumour Hospital/Ganzhou City People's Hospital, 330029, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yushui Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Han
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Qian
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paul Chiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Medicine and VAPSHCS, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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106
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Mastri M, Lee CR, Tracz A, Kerbel RS, Dolan M, Shi Y, Ebos JML. Tumor-Independent Host Secretomes Induced By Angiogenesis and Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1602-1612. [PMID: 29695634 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The levels of various circulating blood proteins can change in response to cancer therapy. Monitoring therapy-induced secretomes (TIS) may have use as biomarkers for establishing optimal biological effect (such as dosing) or identifying sources of toxicity and drug resistance. Although TIS can derive from tumor cells directly, nontumor "host" treatment responses can also impact systemic secretory programs. For targeted inhibitors of the tumor microenvironment, including antiangiogenic and immune-checkpoint therapies, host TIS could explain unexpected collateral "side effects" of treatment. Here, we describe a comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of host TIS in tissues and plasma from cancer-free mice treated with antibody and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKI) of the VEGF, cMet/ALK, and PD-1 pathways. We found that all cancer therapies elicit TIS independent of tumor growth, with systemic secretory gene change intensity higher in RTKIs compared with antibodies. Our results show that host TIS signatures differ between drug target, drug class, and dose. Notably, protein and gene host TIS signatures were not always predictive for each other, suggesting limitations to transcriptomic-only approaches to clinical biomarker development for circulating proteins. Together, these are the first studies to assess and compare "off-target" host secretory effects of VEGF and PD-1 pathway inhibition that occur independent of tumor stage or tumor response to therapy. Testing treatment impact on normal tissues to establish host-mediated TIS signatures (or "therasomes") may be important for identifying disease agnostic biomarkers to predict benefits (or limitations) of drug combinatory approaches. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(7); 1602-12. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Mastri
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Christina R Lee
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Tracz
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Robert S Kerbel
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Dolan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yuhao Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - John M L Ebos
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York. .,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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107
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Hernandez-Segura A, Nehme J, Demaria M. Hallmarks of Cellular Senescence. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:436-453. [PMID: 29477613 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1357] [Impact Index Per Article: 226.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest that promotes tissue remodeling during development and after injury, but can also contribute to the decline of the regenerative potential and function of tissues, to inflammation, and to tumorigenesis in aged organisms. Therefore, the identification, characterization, and pharmacological elimination of senescent cells have gained attention in the field of aging research. However, the nonspecificity of current senescence markers and the existence of different senescence programs strongly limit these tasks. Here, we describe the molecular regulators of senescence phenotypes and how they are used for identifying senescent cells in vitro and in vivo. We also highlight the importance that these levels of regulations have in the development of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Hernandez-Segura
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jamil Nehme
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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108
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The VEGFA156b isoform is dysregulated in senescent endothelial cells and may be associated with prevalent and incident coronary heart disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:313-325. [PMID: 29330351 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of morbidity in people over 65 years of age; >40% of all deaths are due to this condition. The association between increasing age and CHD is well documented; the accumulation of senescent cells in cardiac and vascular tissues may represent one factor underpinning this observation. We aimed to identify senescence-related expression changes in primary human senescent cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells and to relate transcript expression in peripheral blood leucocytes to prevalent and incident CHD in the InCHIANTI study of aging. We quantified splicing factor expression and splicing patterns of candidate transcripts in proliferative and senescent later passage endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes using qRTPCR. Senescence-associated isoforms also expressed in peripheral blood leucocytes were then examined for associations with CHD status in 134 pairs of age, sex and BMI-matched CHD cases and controls. Splicing factor expression was dysregulated in senescent cardiomyocytes, as previously reported for endothelial cells, as was the expression of alternatively expressed cardiac and vascular candidate genes in both cell types. We found nominal associations between the expression of VEGFA156b and FNI-EIIIIA isoforms in peripheral blood mRNA and CHD status. Dysregulated splicing factor expression is a key feature of senescent cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. Altered splicing of key cardiac or endothelial genes may contribute to the risk of CHD in the human population.
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109
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Abstract
This Outlook discusses the finding by Bent et al. that PI3K/AKT/mTOR mediates a senescence secretory switch that controls chemoprotective endothelial secretory responses. The tumor microenvironment influences cancer progression and therapy outcome by mechanisms not yet fully understood. In this issue of Genes & Development, Bent and colleagues (pp. 1811–1821) show how chemotherapy causes endothelial senescence. Interestingly, senescent endothelial cells do not mount a typical senescence-associated secretory phenotype but instead acutely secrete IL-6, promoting chemoresistance. This study unveils a physiological switch involving PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling that restrains the senescence secretory responses to limit the detrimental consequences of persistent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Georgilis
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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110
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Nickless A, Cheruiyot A, Flanagan KC, Piwnica-Worms D, Stewart SA, You Z. p38 MAPK inhibits nonsense-mediated RNA decay in response to persistent DNA damage in noncycling cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15266-15276. [PMID: 28765281 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.787846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent DNA damage induces profound alterations in gene expression that, in turn, influence tissue homeostasis, tumorigenesis, and cancer treatment outcome. However, the underlying mechanism for gene expression reprogramming induced by persistent DNA damage remains poorly understood. Here, using a highly effective bioluminescence-based reporter system and other tools, we report that persistent DNA damage inhibits nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD), an RNA surveillance and gene-regulatory pathway, in noncycling cells. NMD suppression by persistent DNA damage required the activity of the p38α MAPK. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), an NMD target and a key stress-inducible transcription factor, was stabilized in a p38α- and NMD-dependent manner following persistent DNA damage. Our results reveal a novel p38α-dependent pathway that regulates NMD activity in response to persistent DNA damage, which, in turn, controls ATF3 expression in affected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Nickless
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and
| | - Abigael Cheruiyot
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and
| | - Kevin C Flanagan
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- the Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sheila A Stewart
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and
| | - Zhongsheng You
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and
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111
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Zanca C, Villa GR, Benitez JA, Thorne AH, Koga T, D'Antonio M, Ikegami S, Ma J, Boyer AD, Banisadr A, Jameson NM, Parisian AD, Eliseeva OV, Barnabe GF, Liu F, Wu S, Yang H, Wykosky J, Frazer KA, Verkhusha VV, Isaguliants MG, Weiss WA, Gahman TC, Shiau AK, Chen CC, Mischel PS, Cavenee WK, Furnari FB. Glioblastoma cellular cross-talk converges on NF-κB to attenuate EGFR inhibitor sensitivity. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1212-1227. [PMID: 28724615 PMCID: PMC5558924 DOI: 10.1101/gad.300079.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Zanca et al. show that heterogeneous expression of the wild-type EGFR receptor and its constitutively active mutant form, EGFRvIII, limits sensitivity to EGFR-directed therapies through an interclonal communication mechanism mediated by IL-6 cytokine secreted from EGFRvIII-positive tumor cells. In glioblastoma (GBM), heterogeneous expression of amplified and mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) presents a substantial challenge for the effective use of EGFR-directed therapeutics. Here we demonstrate that heterogeneous expression of the wild-type receptor and its constitutively active mutant form, EGFRvIII, limits sensitivity to these therapies through an interclonal communication mechanism mediated by interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine secreted from EGFRvIII-positive tumor cells. IL-6 activates a NF-κB signaling axis in a paracrine and autocrine manner, leading to bromodomain protein 4 (BRD4)-dependent expression of the prosurvival protein survivin (BIRC5) and attenuation of sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). NF-κB and survivin are coordinately up-regulated in GBM patient tumors, and functional inhibition of either protein or BRD4 in in vitro and in vivo models restores sensitivity to EGFR TKIs. These results provide a rationale for improving anti-EGFR therapeutic efficacy through pharmacological uncoupling of a convergence point of NF-κB-mediated survival that is leveraged by an interclonal circuitry mechanism established by intratumoral mutational heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Zanca
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Genaro R Villa
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jorge A Benitez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | - Tomoyuki Koga
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Matteo D'Antonio
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Shiro Ikegami
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jianhui Ma
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Antonia D Boyer
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Afsheen Banisadr
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Nathan M Jameson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Alison D Parisian
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Olesja V Eliseeva
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 123098, Russian Federation
| | | | - Feng Liu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sihan Wu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Huijun Yang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jill Wykosky
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, Division of Genome Information Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Maria G Isaguliants
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 123098, Russian Federation.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.,Department of Research, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Research Center, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94159, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Research Center, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94159, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94159, USA
| | - Timothy C Gahman
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Andrew K Shiau
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Clark C Chen
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Frank B Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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112
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Fine-Tuning Tumor Endothelial Cells to Selectively Kill Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071401. [PMID: 28665313 PMCID: PMC5535894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor endothelial cells regulate several aspects of tumor biology, from delivering oxygen and nutrients to shaping the immune response against a tumor and providing a barrier against tumor cell dissemination. Accordingly, targeting tumor endothelial cells represents an important modality in cancer therapy. Whereas initial anti-angiogenic treatments focused mainly on blocking the formation of new blood vessels in cancer, emerging strategies are specifically influencing certain aspects of tumor endothelial cells. For instance, efforts are generated to normalize tumor blood vessels in order to improve tumor perfusion and ameliorate the outcome of chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy. In addition, treatment options that enhance the properties of tumor blood vessels that support a host’s anti-tumor immune response are being explored. Hence, upcoming anti-angiogenic strategies will shape some specific aspects of the tumor blood vessels that are no longer limited to abrogating angiogenesis. In this review, we enumerate approaches that target tumor endothelial cells to provide anti-cancer benefits and discuss their therapeutic potential.
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113
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Corre I, Paris F, Huot J. The p38 pathway, a major pleiotropic cascade that transduces stress and metastatic signals in endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55684-55714. [PMID: 28903453 PMCID: PMC5589692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
By gating the traffic of molecules and cells across the vessel wall, endothelial cells play a central role in regulating cardiovascular functions and systemic homeostasis and in modulating pathophysiological processes such as inflammation and immunity. Accordingly, the loss of endothelial cell integrity is associated with pathological disorders that include atherosclerosis and cancer. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are major signaling pathways that regulate several functions of endothelial cells in response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli including growth factors, stress and cytokines. The p38 MAPK family contains four isoforms p38α, p38β, p38γ and p38δ that are encoded by four different genes. They are all widely expressed although to different levels in almost all human tissues. p38α/MAPK14, that is ubiquitously expressed is the prototype member of the family and is referred here as p38. It regulates the production of inflammatory mediators, and controls cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. Its activation in endothelial cells leads to actin remodeling, angiogenesis, DNA damage response and thereby has major impact on cardiovascular homeostasis, and on cancer progression. In this manuscript, we review the biology of p38 in regulating endothelial functions especially in response to oxidative stress and during the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Corre
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - François Paris
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Huot
- Le Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et le Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Hypaphorine Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endothelial Inflammation via Regulation of TLR4 and PPAR-γ Dependent on PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signal Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040844. [PMID: 28420166 PMCID: PMC5412428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial lesion response to injurious stimuli is a necessary step for initiating inflammatory cascades in blood vessels. Hypaphorine (Hy) from different marine sources is shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential roles and possible molecular mechanisms of Hy in endothelial inflammation have yet to be fully clarified. We showed that Hy significantly inhibited the positive effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), as well as induction of the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR in HMEC-1 cells. The downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and upregulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressions in LPS-challenged endothelial cells were prevented by Hy. Inhibition of both PI3K and mTOR reversed LPS-stimulated increases in TLR4 expressions and decreases in PPAR-γ levels. Genetic silencing of TLR4 or PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone obviously abrogated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated HMEC-1 cells. These results suggest that Hy may exert anti-inflammatory actions through the regulation of TLR4 and PPAR-γ dependent on PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathways. Hy may be considered as a therapeutic agent that can potentially relieve or ameliorate endothelial inflammation-associated diseases.
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