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Ismaiel A, Leucuta DC, Popa SL, Fagoonee S, Pellicano R, Abenavoli L, Dumitrascu DL. Non-invasive biomarkers in predicting non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and assessing liver fibrosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Panminerva Med 2020; 63:508-518. [PMID: 33165307 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.20.04171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by hepatic steatosis with inflammation, ballooned hepatocytes, and possible fibrosis, which may progress to liver cirrhosis. Although liver biopsy, remains the diagnostic gold standard of NASH, several noninvasive biomarkers have been studied, to avoid the need for this invasive procedure. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the accuracy of several noninvasive biomarkers in predicting NASH and assessing liver fibrosis in NASH patients. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION An electronic search on PubMed and EMBASE was systematically performed. The principal summary outcome was the area under the curve (AUC), assessing the accuracy of NashTest, BARD (body mass index, AST/ALT ratio, diabetes) score, NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), APRI (aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index), and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index in predicting NASH and assessing liver fibrosis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Thirteen studies involving 6,557 adult patients were included in the qualitative assessment of this review, out of which, six studies were included in the quantitative assessment. Prediction of NASH was evaluated better using NFS (AUC of 0.687) and FIB-4 (AUC of 0.729). Fibrosis stages 0 vs. 1-4 was diagnosed better using NFS (AUC of 0.718) and FIB-4 (AUC of 0.723). Advanced fibrosis was assessed better by BARD (AUC of 0.673), APRI (AUC of 0.762), NFS (AUC of 0.787) and FIB-4 (AUC of 0.821). CONCLUSIONS FIB-4 predicted NASH and quantified liver fibrosis, stages 0 vs. 1-4 more precisely compared to NFS, APRI, and BARD. However, considering that methodological quality of the assessed studies is limited, the results should be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Ismaiel
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel-Corneliu Leucuta
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania -
| | - Stefan-Lucian Popa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute for Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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102
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A Universal Gut-Microbiome-Derived Signature Predicts Cirrhosis. Cell Metab 2020; 32:878-888.e6. [PMID: 32610095 PMCID: PMC7822714 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the gut microbiome has been implicated in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. To determine the diagnostic capacity of this association, we compared stool microbiomes across 163 well-characterized participants encompassing non-NAFLD controls, NAFLD-cirrhosis patients, and their first-degree relatives. Interrogation of shotgun metagenomic and untargeted metabolomic profiles by using the random forest machine learning algorithm and differential abundance analysis identified discrete metagenomic and metabolomic signatures that were similarly effective in detecting cirrhosis (diagnostic accuracy 0.91, area under curve [AUC]). Combining the metagenomic signature with age and serum albumin levels accurately distinguished cirrhosis in etiologically and genetically distinct cohorts from geographically separated regions. Additional inclusion of serum aspartate aminotransferase levels, which are increased in cirrhosis patients, enabled discrimination of cirrhosis from earlier stages of fibrosis. These findings demonstrate that a core set of gut microbiome species might offer universal utility as a non-invasive diagnostic test for cirrhosis.
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Accuracy of Noninvasive Fibrosis Scores to Detect Advanced Fibrosis in Patients With Type-2 Diabetes With Biopsy-proven Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 2020; 54:891-897. [PMID: 32168133 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent guidelines have recommended screening for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and case finding of advanced disease with fibrosis in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of commonly used noninvasive scores to predict the presence of advanced fibrosis (AF) in a large cohort of diabetics in real-life settings. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes, all patients with the diagnosis of T2D who had a liver biopsy for suspected NAFLD between January 2000 and December 2015, were identified and analyzed. Patients with secondary causes of hepatic steatosis were excluded. AST/ALT ratio, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, and Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Fibrosis Score (NFS) were calculated to predict advanced disease. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operator curve were calculated and compared with liver biopsies to predict the overall accuracy of each score. RESULTS A total of 1319 patients with T2D underwent liver biopsy for suspected NAFLD. After exclusions, 1,157 subjects were included in the final analysis. Our cohort consisted of 64.6% females and 88.4% were whites. Overall, 85% of the population was overweight or obese (body mass index>25 kg/m). Liver biopsy showed 31.7% with AF [Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network (NASH-CRN) stage 3 to 4]. In comparison to liver biopsy, for the diagnosis of AF, AST/ALT>1.4, APRI>1.5, FIB-4>2.67, and NFS>0.676 had reasonable specificities of 84.2%, 97.4%, 69.9%, and 93% but poor sensitivities of 27.4%, 16.5%, 6.7%, and 44.1%, respectively. Even at lower cutoff values of AST/ALT≥1, APRI≥1, and FIB-4≥1.45 sensitivities remained low at 60.7%, 27.9%, and 72.6%, respectively, except for NFS ≥-1.455 with sensitivity of 94.6%, but at this cutoff, its specificity decreased to 16.9%. The area under the receiver operator curve to detect AF was 0.62, 0.74, 0.77, and 0.72, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort of adult patients with T2D and NAFLD, commonly used fibrosis scores had reasonable specificity, but poor sensitivity for detecting AF in diabetics. The development of reliable biomarkers for NAFLD/NASH in diabetics is urgently needed.
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104
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Kuchay MS, Choudhary NS, Mishra SK, Misra A. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease should be considered for treatment allocation in standard management algorithms for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:2233-2239. [PMID: 33336648 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) often exist together. This is a high-risk population, as presence of T2D promotes the progression of NAFLD to more severe liver pathologies. There are several international guidelines for managing T2D, however guidance for management of NAFLD in individuals with T2D is scarce. In India, there is hardly any screening programme for identification of high-risk NAFLD individuals. METHODS A literature search was performed with Medline (PubMed), Scopus and Google Scholar electronic databases till October 2020, using relevant keywords (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NAFLD; nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; NASH screening and management; metabolic associated fatty liver disease) to extract relevant studies describing screening and management strategies of NAFLD/NASH, especially in patients with T2D. RESULTS An estimated 12.4 million Indian people are living with coexisting T2D and NAFLD-related advanced liver fibrosis, which is a major determinant of liver-related mortality in these individuals. Several studies have reported screening tools for identification of high risk NAFLD patients with coexisting T2D. The emphasis has been laid on the identification of advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, using noninvasive tests at the primary level. For management, lifestyle measures and appropriate glucose-lowering medication have been proposed that help patients with coexisting T2D and NAFLD. Timely referral to specialists is also critical for preventing complications of cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS While current management algorithms for T2D include atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, kidney dysfunction and obesity as co-morbidities to direct appropriate therapies, NAFLD should be considered as additional pathway to select appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shafi Kuchay
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta the Medicity Hospital, Gurugram, 122001, Haryana, India.
| | | | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta the Medicity Hospital, Gurugram, 122001, Haryana, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis CDOC Hospital for Diabetes and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (NDOC) and Diabetes Foundation, India
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105
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Kim MC, Lee JI, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Cho YK, Jeon WK, Kim BI, Sohn W. Serum zinc level and hepatic fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240195. [PMID: 33095789 PMCID: PMC7584204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum zinc level and hepatic fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A cross-sectional study was conducted using nationally representative samples from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010. Significant hepatic fibrosis was defined as Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index>1.3. Zinc level was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess risk factors for significant hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. A total of 300 patients with NAFLD were analyzed in this study. The mean serum zinc level was 139.8±29.9 μg/dL. FIB-4 index was significantly increased as the serum zinc level decreased (Adjusted correlation coefficient = -0.177, p = 0.003). Significant liver fibrosis was observed in 62 patients (21%). The multivariable analysis showed that significant liver fibrosis in NAFLD was associated with diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR], 3.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.71–6.19; p<0.001), male (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.31–5.12; p = 0.006), and zinc level <140 μg/dL (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.16–3.94; p = 0.015). There was an inverse relationship between serum zinc level and FIB-4 index in NAFLD. Low levels of serum zinc were an independent risk factor for significant hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chul Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong In Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Dongtan, Gyeonngi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (WS); (JHK)
| | - Hong Joo Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kyu Jeon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ik Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sohn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (WS); (JHK)
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106
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Campos-Murguía A, Ruiz-Margáin A, González-Regueiro JA, Macías-Rodríguez RU. Clinical assessment and management of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:5919-5943. [PMID: 33132645 PMCID: PMC7584064 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i39.5919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is among the most frequent etiologies of cirrhosis worldwide, and it is associated with features of metabolic syndrome; the key factor influencing its prognosis is the progression of liver fibrosis. This review aimed to propose a practical and stepwise approach to the evaluation and management of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD, analyzing the currently available literature. In the assessment of NAFLD patients, it is important to identify clinical, genetic, and environmental determinants of fibrosis development and its progression. To properly detect fibrosis, it is important to take into account the available methods and their supporting scientific evidence to guide the approach and the sequential selection of the best available biochemical scores, followed by a complementary imaging study (transient elastography, magnetic resonance elastography or acoustic radiation force impulse) and finally a liver biopsy, when needed. To help with the selection of the most appropriate method a Fagan′s nomogram analysis is provided in this review, describing the diagnostic yield of each method and their post-test probability of detecting liver fibrosis. Finally, treatment should always include diet and exercise, as well as controlling the components of the metabolic syndrome, +/- vitamin E, considering the presence of sleep apnea, and when available, allocate those patients with advanced fibrosis or high risk of progression into clinical trials. The final end of this approach should be to establish an opportune diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD, aiming to decrease/stop its progression and improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Campos-Murguía
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Astrid Ruiz-Margáin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - José A González-Regueiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Ricardo U Macías-Rodríguez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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Harrison SA, Calanna S, Cusi K, Linder M, Okanoue T, Ratziu V, Sanyal A, Sejling AS, Newsome PN. Semaglutide for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Trial design and comparison of non-invasive biomarkers. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 97:106174. [PMID: 33039693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease. There is a clear need to develop pharmacological treatment for patients with NASH as well as biomarkers that can diagnose the disease. We describe a trial of semaglutide treatment for NASH, identify key patient characteristics and compare the relationship of patient characteristics and non-invasive biomarkers/scores. NCT02970942 is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-national Phase 2 trial of daily subcutaneous semaglutide (0.1 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg) in patients with biopsy-confirmed NASH, F1-F3 fibrosis, NAFLD Activity Score ≥ 4, and body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2. Exploratory analyses were performed to evaluate correlations between baseline parameters and biomarkers in NASH. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 320 randomised patients was 55 (11) years, mean BMI was 36 (6) kg/m2, and 199 (62%) had type 2 diabetes. Of the total patients, 28% had F1 fibrosis, 23% had F2 fibrosis and 49% had F3 fibrosis. The highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.69) for accuracy in classifying fibrosis stage, F2-3 versus F1, was observed for Fib-4 and Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF). No substantial correlation between BMI or other clinical or biochemical parameters and fibrosis stage was observed. In this large Phase 2 trial of semaglutide treatment for NASH, the clinical profile of enrolled patients was typical for patients with NASH. Of the investigated biomarkers/scores, ELF and Fib-4 showed the most apparent correlation in classifying fibrosis stage, but had only moderate predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Harrison
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | | | - Kenneth Cusi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | | | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan.
| | - Vlad Ratziu
- Sorbonne University, ICAN - Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Arun Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| | | | - Philip N Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre and Liver Unit at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Liver & Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Tincopa MA. Diagnostic and interventional circulating biomarkers in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2020; 3:e00177. [PMID: 33102798 PMCID: PMC7576258 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the setting of the obesity epidemic, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most prevalent forms of chronic liver disease worldwide. Approximately 25% of adults globally have NAFLD which includes those with NAFL, or simple steatosis, and individuals with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) where inflammation, hepatocyte injury and potentially hepatic fibrosis are found in conjunction with steatosis. Individuals with NASH, particularly those with hepatic fibrosis, have higher rates of liver-related and overall mortality, making this distinction of significant clinical importance. One of the core challenges in current clinical practice is identifying this subset of individuals with NASH without the use of liver biopsy, the gold standard for both diagnostics and staging disease severity. Identifying noninvasive biomarkers, an accurately measured and reproducible parameter, would aide in identifying patients eligible for NASH pharmacotherapy clinical trials and to help tailor intensity of monitoring required. METHODS RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In this review, we highlight both the currently available and novel diagnostic and interventional circulating biomarkers under investigation for NASH, underscoring their accuracy and limitations relevant to our patient population and current clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A. Tincopa
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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109
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Zheng J, Chen S, Cai Y, Lin S, Ke S, Liu L. Insufficient nocturnal sleep was associated with a higher risk of fibrosis in patients with diabetes with metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820947550. [PMID: 32973993 PMCID: PMC7493234 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820947550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) refers to metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease, and liver fibrosis stage is closely connected with liver-related and all-cause mortality. This study aimed to explore the association of sleep duration with liver fibrosis in the diabetic subgroup of the MAFLD population. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed 342 patients with MAFLD. Anthropometric measurements, clinical and biochemical markers, and lifestyle parameters were collected. Fibrosis was defined as fibrosis-4 ⩾1.3. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to match cases. Student's t-test and chi-square tests were applied for group comparisons, and binary regression models were used to explore the independent risk factors of liver fibrosis. RESULTS Among the 342 subjects, 87 (25.4%) were diagnosed with fibrosis and 255 (74.6%) without. Baseline characteristic comparisons showed differences in age and diabetes duration between the two groups, and adjustment was made by PSM. Ultimately, the fibrosis group and nonfibrosis group each had 87 patients. The fibrosis group had shorter duration of nocturnal sleep (6.77 ± 1.59 h) than the nonfibrosis group (7.77 ± 1.92 h, p < 0.001). More patients in the fibrosis group stayed up late at night (32.2% versus 14.9%, p < 0.01). Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) areas were larger in the fibrosis group than in the nonfibrosis group (p < 0.001). Glycemic profile, lipid profile, gamma-glutamyl transferase level, and serum uric acid level were not significantly different between the two groups. In the multivariate regression analysis, nocturnal sleep and VAT areas were independently associated with liver fibrosis, with odds ratios of 0.694 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.551-0.875, p < 0.01] for nocturnal sleep and 1.031 (95% CI 1.014-1.048, p < 0.001) for VAT areas. CONCLUSION Insufficient nocturnal sleep was independently related to a higher risk of fibrosis. Sleep modification might be beneficial in promoting the health of patients with MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sijie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Su Lin
- Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sujie Ke
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Libin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
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110
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Investigation of Thrombosis Volume, Anticoagulants, and Recurrence Factors in Portal Vein Thrombosis with Cirrhosis. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10090177. [PMID: 32899804 PMCID: PMC7555202 DOI: 10.3390/life10090177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study investigated factors influencing the portal vein thrombosis (PVT) volume and recurrence in 52 cirrhosis patients with PVT from November 2008 to September 2018. All patients were treated with danaparoid sodium with or without additional antithrombin III. Blood platelet counts significantly correlated with the PVT volume (r2 = 0.17; P < 0.01). Computed tomography confirmed recurrence as PVT aggravation was reported in 43 patients, with ≥50% PVT volume reduction following anticoagulation therapy. In 43 patients, recurrence significantly correlated with the pretreatment PVT volume (P = 0.019). Factors influencing recurrence included a Child-Pugh score >8 (P = 0.049) and fibrosis index ≤7.0 based on four factors (FIB-4) (P = 0.048). Moreover, the relationship between recurrence and correlating factors showed that 15 patients who received warfarin experienced recurrence more often when Child-Pugh scores were >8 (P = 0.023), regardless of maintenance treatment. For patients who did not receive warfarin, a PVT volume ≥3.0 mL significantly influenced recurrence (P = 0.039). Therefore, the platelet count influences the PVT volume. The pretreatment PVT volume correlated with recurrence after anticoagulation therapy. According to the Kaplan-Meier curve, risk factors for PVT recurrence after anticoagulation therapy included Child-Pugh scores >8 and FIB-4 ≤7.0. Therefore, the FIB-4 is a unique factor that shows trends opposing other liver function markers.
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111
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Lin S, Huang J, Wang M, Kumar R, Liu Y, Liu S, Wu Y, Wang X, Zhu Y. Comparison of MAFLD and NAFLD diagnostic criteria in real world. Liver Int 2020; 40:2082-2089. [PMID: 32478487 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a novel concept proposed in 2020, the utility of which has not been tested and validated in real world. We aimed to compare the characteristics of MAFLD and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS The data was retrieved from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys of the United States, which is an unbiased survey dataset and frequently used for the study of fatty liver disease. RESULTS A total of 13 083 cases with completed ultrasonography and laboratory data were identified from the NHANES III database. MAFLD was diagnosed in 4087/13 083 (31.24%) participants, while NAFLD in 4347/13 083 (33.23%) amongst the overall population and 4347/12 045 (36.09%) in patients without alcohol intake and other liver diseases. Compared with NAFLD, MAFLD patients were significantly older, had higher BMI level, higher proportions of metabolic comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension) and higher HOMA-IR, lipid and liver enzymes. MAFLD patients with alcohol consumption were younger than those without, and more likely to be male. They had less metabolic disorder but higher liver enzymes. There were more cases with advance fibrosis in MAFLD patients with alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION MAFLD definition is more practical for identifying patients with fatty liver disease with high risk of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Lin
- Liver Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaofeng Huang
- Liver Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mingfang Wang
- Liver Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke-NUS academic Medical Centre, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- Liver Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shiying Liu
- Liver Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yinlian Wu
- Liver Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yueyong Zhu
- Liver Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Vilar-Gomez E, Lou Z, Kong N, Vuppalanchi R, Imperiale TF, Chalasani N. Cost Effectiveness of Different Strategies for Detecting Cirrhosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on United States Health Care System. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:2305-2314.e12. [PMID: 32289535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Several strategies are available for detecting cirrhosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but their cost effectiveness is not clear. We developed a decision model to quantify the accuracy and costs of 9 single or combination strategies, including 3 noninvasive tests (fibrosis-4 [FIB-4], vibration-controlled transient elastography [VCTE], and magnetic resonance elastography [MRE]) and liver biopsy, for the detection of cirrhosis in patients with NAFLD. METHODS Data on the diagnostic accuracy, costs, adverse events, and cirrhosis outcomes over a 5-year period were obtained from publications. The diagnostic accuracy, per-patient cost per correct diagnosis of cirrhosis, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for each strategy for base cirrhosis prevalence values of 0.27%, 2%, and 4%. RESULTS The combination of the FIB-4 and VCTE identified patients with cirrhosis in NAFLD populations with a 0.27%, 2%, and 4% prevalence of cirrhosis with the lowest cost per person ($401, $690, and $1024, respectively) and highest diagnostic accuracy (89.3%, 88.5%, and 87.5% respectively). The combination of FIB-4 and MRE ranked second in cost per person ($491, $781, and $1114, respectively) and diagnostic accuracy (92.4%, 91.6%, 90.6%, respectively). Compared with the combination of FIB-4 and VCTE (least costly), the ICERs were lower for the combination of FIB-4 and MRE ($2864, $2918, and $2921) than the combination of FIB-4 and liver biopsy ($4454, $5156, and $5956) at the cirrhosis prevalence values tested. When the goal was to avoid liver biopsy, FIB-4 + VCTE and FIB-4 + MRE had similar diagnostic accuracies, ranging from 87.5% to 89.3% and 90.6% to 92.4% for a cirrhosis diagnosis, respectively, although FIB-4 + MRE had a slightly higher cost. CONCLUSIONS In our cost-effectiveness analysis based on the US health care system, we found that results from FIB-4, followed by either VCTE, MRE, or liver biopsy, detect cirrhosis in patients with NAFLD with a high level of accuracy and low cost. Compared with FIB-4 + VCTE, which was the least costly strategy, FIB-4 + MRE had a lower ICER than FIB-4 + LB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vilar-Gomez
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Zhouyang Lou
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Nan Kong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Raj Vuppalanchi
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Thomas F Imperiale
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Center for Innovation, Health Services Research and Development, Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Regenstrief Institute, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Differences among patients with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease having elevated alanine aminotransferase levels at various stages of metabolic syndrome. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238388. [PMID: 32866186 PMCID: PMC7458345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the non-obese population has increased and NAFLD is not always recognized in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS). The risk of cirrhosis is higher in patients having NAFLD with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels than in those having NAFLD with normal ALT levels. Objective To measure the differences in clinical factors associated with NAFLD having elevation of ALT among subjects with Non-MS, Pre-MS, and MS, and to measure differences in metabolites between MS subjects with and without NAFLD having elevation of ALT. Methods Among 7,054 persons undergoing health check-ups, we included 3,025 subjects who met the selection criteria. We measured differences in clinical factors for NAFLD having elevation of ALT among subjects with Non-MS, Pre-MS, and MS, and compared metabolites between subjects with and without NAFLD having elevation of ALT in 32 subjects with MS. Results The prevalence of NAFLD and NAFLD having elevation of ALT was significantly progressively greater in subjects with Non-MS, Pre-MS, and MS (p <0.001, respectively). In the Non-MS group, there were significant differences between subjects with and without NAFLD having elevation of ALT with respect to body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase (AST); In the Pre-MS group, there were significant differences in BMI, hypertension, AST, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT); In the MS group, there were significant differences in HDL-C, impaired glucose tolerance, AST, and GGT. There were significant differences in levels of metabolites of nicotinamide, inosine, and acetyl-L-carnitine between MS subjects with and without NAFLD having elevation of ALT (all p <0.05). Conclusions Although NAFLD having elevation of ALT is important for development of NAFLD, differences in factors associated with NAFLD having elevation of ALT at various stages of MS should be considered. Additionally, several metabolites may play roles in the identification of risk for NAFLD in individuals with MS.
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Wang S, Hu M, Qian Y, Jiang Z, Shen L, Fu L, Hu Y. CHI3L1 in the pathophysiology and diagnosis of liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110680. [PMID: 32861071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitinase 3-like protein 1(CHI3L1) participates in physiological and pathophysiological process, such as cell survival, cell proliferation, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, etc. Some studies demonstrated that CHI3L1 is liver-enriched and has better application value in staging liver fibrosis than platelet ratio index(APRI) and fibrosis-4 index(FIB-4) and that CHI3L1 can be used in monitoring the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we summarized the pathophysiological role and the diagnostic value of CHI3L1 in liver fibrosis in different background and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mengyuan Hu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yunsong Qian
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhenluo Jiang
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Liyun Fu
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315010, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315010, China; Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Digestive System Tumors (Grant No.2019A21003), Ningbo 315010, China.
| | - Yaoren Hu
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315010, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315010, China; Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Digestive System Tumors (Grant No.2019A21003), Ningbo 315010, China.
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Albhaisi S, Sanyal AJ. Applying Non-Invasive Fibrosis Measurements in NAFLD/NASH: Progress to Date. Pharmaceut Med 2020; 33:451-463. [PMID: 31933238 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-019-00305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has now become a worldwide health issue due to the obesity epidemic, affecting approximately 90% of the obese population and 15-40% of the general population. It is the most common form of chronic liver disease in the United States. NAFLD constitutes a spectrum of diseases ranging in severity from mild, such as fatty liver, progressing into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), then fibrosis, and ending with cirrhosis. NASH and increasing fibrosis stage are associated with increased morbidity and mortality; the fibrosis stage is therefore a critical element of risk stratification needed to determine therapeutic approach and also the response to treatment. Liver biopsy is considered the 'gold standard' in the diagnosis of NAFLD. However, it is not practical for widespread clinical use because it is invasive, costly, and associated with complications including occasional death. These limitations have driven the development of noninvasive tests that can accurately predict the fibrosis stage in those with NAFLD. In this review, we provide a concise overview of different non-invasive measurements used for NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaya Albhaisi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980102, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980341, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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Gordon SC, Kachru N, Parker E, Korrer S, Ozbay AB, Wong RJ. Health Care Use and Costs Among Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis With Advanced Fibrosis Using the Fibrosis-4 Score. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:998-1011. [PMID: 32626832 PMCID: PMC7327220 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited evidence exists on the clinical and economic burden of advanced fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) due to the invasiveness of liver biopsies for accurately staging liver disease. The fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) score allows for noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by using clinical and laboratory data alone. This study aimed to characterize the comorbidity burden, health care resource use (HCRU), and costs among patients with NAFLD/NASH with FIB‐4‐defined F3 (bridging fibrosis) and F4 (compensated cirrhosis) fibrosis. Using the Optum Research Database, a retrospective cohort study was conducted among 251,725 commercially insured adult patients with ≥1 NAFLD/NASH diagnosis from January 1, 2008, to August 31, 2016, and laboratory data required to calculate FIB‐4 scores. Five criteria using varying FIB‐4 score cutoffs were identified based on expert clinical opinion and published literature. Date of the first valid FIB‐4 score marked the index date. Mean annual HCRU and costs were calculated during the pre‐index and post‐index periods. The prevalence of FIB‐4‐based F3 and F4 fibrosis was 0.40%‐2.72% and 1.03%‐1.61%, respectively. Almost 50% of patients identified with FIB‐4‐based F3 or F4 had type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or renal impairment. Total all‐cause health care costs increased significantly from pre‐index to post‐index for patients with FIB‐4‐based F3 fibrosis across most criteria (17%‐29% increase) and patients with FIB‐4‐based F4 fibrosis across all criteria (47%‐48% increase). Inpatient costs were the primary drivers of this increment. Conclusion: Significant increases in HCRU and costs were observed following FIB‐4‐based identification of F3 and F4 fibrosis among U.S. adults with NAFLD/NASH. These data suggest the importance of early identification and management of NAFLD/NASH that may halt or reduce the risk of disease progression and limit the underlying burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart C Gordon
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Henry Ford Hospital Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit MI
| | - Nandita Kachru
- Gilead Sciences Health Economics Outcomes Research Foster City CA
| | | | | | - A Burak Ozbay
- Gilead Sciences Health Economics Outcomes Research Foster City CA
| | - Robert J Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Alameda Health System, Highland Hospital Oakland CA
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Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk in Patient with Primary Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:321-330. [DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Pitisuttithum P, Chan WK, Piyachaturawat P, Imajo K, Nakajima A, Seki Y, Kasama K, Kakizaki S, Fan JG, Song MJ, Yoon SK, Dan YY, Lesmana L, Ho KY, Goh KL, Wong VWS, Treeprasertsuk S. Predictors of advanced fibrosis in elderly patients with biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the GOASIA study. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:88. [PMID: 32252638 PMCID: PMC7137333 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Gut and Obesity in Asia (GOASIA) Workgroup was formed to study obesity and gastrointestinal diseases in the Asia Pacific region. We aimed to 1) compare the characteristics of elderly (i.e. age ≥ 60) vs. non-elderly patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); 2) identify predictors of advanced fibrosis in elderly patients with NAFLD; and 3) assess the performance of non-invasive fibrosis scores in the prediction of advance fibrosis in the elderly population. Methods We abstracted the data of 1008 patients with NAFLD from nine centers across eight countries. Characteristics of elderly and non-elderly patients with NAFLD were compared using 1:3 sex-matched analysis. Results Of the 1008 patients, 175 were elderly [age 64 (62–67) years], who were matched with 525 non-elderly patients [46 (36–54) years]. Elderly patients were more likely to have advanced fibrosis (35.4% vs. 13.3%; p < 0.001). By multivariable analysis, factors associated with advanced fibrosis in elderly patients included female sex [odds ratio (OR) 3.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–7.54] and hypertension (OR 3.68; 95%CI 1.11–12.23). The area under receiver-operating characteristics curve (95% CI) of aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index, NAFLD fibrosis score and Fibrosis-4 index for predicting advanced fibrosis in elderly patients were 0.62 (0.52–0.72), 0.65 (0.55–0.75) and 0.64 (0.54–0.74) respectively. Conclusions Elderly patients with NAFLD had a higher prevalence of advanced fibrosis than non-elderly patients. Female and hypertension were predicting factors for advanced fibrosis in the elderly. Non-invasive fibrosis scores had a lower specificity in elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wah Kheong Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Seki
- Weight Loss and Metabolic Surgery Centre, Yotsuya Medical Cube, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kasama
- Weight Loss and Metabolic Surgery Centre, Yotsuya Medical Cube, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Kakizaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Jian Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Myeong Jun Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Kew Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurentius Lesmana
- Digestive Disease and Oncology GI Centre, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Khek Yu Ho
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khean Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vincent Wai Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Lv Y, Zhang HJ. Effect of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on the Risk of Synchronous Liver Metastasis: Analysis of 451 Consecutive Patients of Newly Diagnosed Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:251. [PMID: 32181157 PMCID: PMC7059642 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on the risk of synchronous colorectal liver metastasis (synCRLM). Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 451 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer (CRC) from January 2014 to January 2019. According to the presence of NAFLD, the CRC patients were divided into two groups, NAFLD group (60 cases) and the control group (391 cases). The clinicopathological features and the prevalence of synCRLM between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of synCRLM. Different non-invasive liver fibrosis scoring models were used to evaluate the effect of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis stage in NAFLD on the prevalence of synCRLM. Results: The prevalence of synCRLM was significantly higher in patients with NAFLD than that in patients without NAFLD (18.33 vs. 7.42%; χ2 = 7.669, P = 0.006). A logistic regression analysis indicated that NAFLD, CEA, CA19-9, and lymph node status were risk factors for synCRLM, and NAFLD showed the highest hazard ratio (3.930 [95% confidence interval: 1.616 ~ 9.560]). In NAFLD patients, both fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) were significantly lower in those with synCRLM compared to those without synCRLM [FIB-4: 1.246 (0.833 ~ 1.276) vs. 1.436 (1.016 ~ 2.699), Z = −2.130, P = 0.033; NFS: −1.282 (−2.407 ~ −0.262) vs. −0.255 (−1.582 ~ 0.755), Z = −2.302, P = 0.021; Mann-Whitney test]. Conclusion: NAFLD may be associated with increased liver metastasis, and for NAFLD-related advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis may be associated with reduced synchronous liver metastasis in CRC patients. However, the correlation between simple steatosis and steatohepatitis remains to be further determined. Certain factors such as NAFLD, lymph node metastasis, elevated levels of preoperative CEA and CA19-9 are suggesting a high risk of synCRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lv
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Wu LH, Chen MH, Cai JY, Yuan Y, Wu LQ, Zhou HM, Li L, Wan K, He XX. The correlation between intestinal mucosal lesions and hepatic dysfunction in patients without chronic liver disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18837. [PMID: 32049785 PMCID: PMC7035083 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with cirrhosis are known to develop small bowel mucosal lesions. However, the occurrence of mucosal lesions in patients with abnormal liver function test results in the absence of chronic liver disease has not been fully evaluated. This study aims to examine the association between small bowel endoscopic lesions and liver dysfunction in patients without confirmed chronic liver disease.Two hundred ninety six consecutive patients who met the selection criteria underwent capsule endoscopy. The severity of the small intestinal mucosal lesions was evaluated quantitatively using the Lewis scoring system, and hepatic dysfunction was evaluated using an algorithm-based combination scoring system with 8 individual serological markers.Small bowel lesions were observed in 121 patients (40.88%). Hepatic dysfunction was significantly more prevalent in patients with small bowel lesions than in those without lesions (33.1%; 40/121 and 5.7%; 10/175, respectively; P < .001). The mean serum ALT and AST levels were significantly higher in patients with small bowel lesions than in those without lesions (P = .007 and P = .004, respectively). The mean scores for AST to Platelet Ratio Index, Forns Index, S-Index, Fibrosis-4 Index and BARD were significantly higher in patients with small bowel lesions than those without lesions. The Lewis score significantly and positively correlated with the Forns Index (P = .008) and the FIB-4 Index (P = .006).There is a close correlation between small intestinal mucosal lesions and hepatic dysfunction. The severity of hepatic dysfunction is directly proportional to the severity of the small intestinal mucosal lesions in patients without confirmed chronic liver disease.
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121
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Singh SP, Barik RK. NonInvasive Biomarkers in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Are We There Yet? J Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 10:88-98. [PMID: 32025168 PMCID: PMC6995889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of disease ranging from simple steatosis (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, despite the growing recognition of this important disease burden, there are significant challenges to accurately and noninvasively diagnose the various forms of NAFLD, especially to differentiate benign steatosis from the progressive NASH. This is of utmost importance because although liver biopsy is considered the current imperfect 'gold' standard for diagnosing NASH and staging fibrosis, it is an invasive procedure with significant limitations. Although, a number of noninvasive markers have been or are currently undergoing investigation, until date, no highly sensitive and specific tests are available to differentiate NASH from simple steatosis. At the moment, further investigations are needed before prediction models or blood-based biomarkers become available and acceptable for routine clinical care. There is a great need for developing inexpensive, easily accessible, highly sensitive and specific biomarkers that permit not only the identification of patients at high risk of adverse outcomes, but also the monitoring of disease progression and response after therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaram P. Singh
- Address for correspondence: Shivaram Prasad Singh, Professor, Dept. of Gastroenterology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, India.
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Tada T, Toyoda H, Sone Y, Yasuda S, Miyake N, Kumada T, Tanaka J. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A risk factor for progression of liver fibrosis in middle-aged patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:2011-2018. [PMID: 31115065 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The severity of liver fibrosis is strongly associated with prognosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We evaluated clinical risk factors for progression of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. METHODS This study included 1562 middle-aged (36-64 years) patients with NAFLD and less severe liver fibrosis (fibrosis-4 index < 1.3). RESULTS During follow-up, 186 patients progressed to advanced fibrosis (fibrosis-4 index > 2.67). The 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year cumulative incidence of progression to advanced fibrosis was 4.4%, 6.7%, 11.0%, and 16.7%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, age, albumin concentration, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were significantly associated with progression to advanced fibrosis. Multivariate analysis with adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, dyslipidemia, T2DM, and steatosis showed that age ≥ 50 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.121; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.462-3.076; P < 0.001), albumin concentration < 4.2 g/dL (HR, 1.802; 95% CI, 1.285-2.528; P < 0.001), and the presence of T2DM (HR, 1.879; 95% CI, 1.401-2.520; P < 0.001) were independently associated with progression to advanced fibrosis. Conversely, degree of steatosis was not associated with progression to advanced fibrosis. The respective 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year cumulative incidence of progression to advanced fibrosis was 3.6%, 5.0%, 8.2%, and 12.9% in patients without T2DM (n = 1077) and 6.1%, 10.4%, 16.7%, and 24.0% in patients with T2DM (n = 485) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with progression to advanced liver fibrosis in middle-aged NAFLD patients, even those with less severe liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Tada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nozomi Miyake
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Kumada
- Faculty of Nursing, Gifu Kyoritsu University, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control, and Prevention, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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Nagdyman N, Mebus S, Kügel J, Zachoval R, Clevert DA, Braun SL, Haverkämper G, Opgen-Rhein B, Berger F, Horster S, Schoetzau J, Salvador CP, Bauer U, Hess J, Ewert P, Kaemmerer H. Non-invasive assessment of liver alterations in Senning and Mustard patients. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2019; 9:S198-S208. [PMID: 31737528 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2019.07.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Adults with congenital heart disease and ventricular dysfunction are prone to liver congestion, leading to fibrosis or cirrhosis but little is known about the prevalence of liver disease in atrial switch patients. Liver impairment may develop due to increased systemic venous pressures. This prospective study aimed to assess non-invasively hepatic abnormalities in adults who underwent Senning or Mustard procedures. Methods Hepatic involvement was assessed non-invasively clinically by laboratory analysis, hepatic fibrotic markers, sonography, and liver stiffness measurements [transient elastography (TE) and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI)]. Results Overall, 24 adults who had undergone atrial switch operation (13 Senning, 11 Mustard; four female; median age 27.8 years; range 24-45 years) were enrolled. In liver stiffness measurements, only three patients had values within the normal reference. All other patients showed mild, moderate or severe liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, respectively. Using imaging and laboratory analysis, 71% of the subjects had signs of liver fibrosis (46%) or cirrhosis (25%). Conclusions Non-invasive screening for liver congestion, fibrosis or cirrhosis could be meaningful in targeted screening for hepatic impairment in patients with TGA-ASO. As expert knowledge is essential, patients should be regularly controlled in highly specialised centres with cooperations between congenital cardiologists and hepatologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Nagdyman
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Siegrun Mebus
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Kügel
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhart Zachoval
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk-André Clevert
- Department of Interdisciplinary Ultrasound Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Siegmund Lorenz Braun
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Haverkämper
- Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Centre Berlin and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Opgen-Rhein
- Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Centre Berlin and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Berger
- Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Centre Berlin and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophia Horster
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Schoetzau
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Pujol Salvador
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bauer
- Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects, Berlin, Germany
| | - John Hess
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Ewert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Kaemmerer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
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Tahara K, Akahane T, Namisaki T, Moriya K, Kawaratani H, Kaji K, Takaya H, Sawada Y, Shimozato N, Sato S, Saikawa S, Nakanishi K, Kubo T, Fujinaga Y, Furukawa M, Kitagawa K, Ozutsumi T, Tsuji Y, Kaya D, Ogawa H, Takagi H, Ishida K, Mitoro A, Yoshiji H. Thyroid-stimulating hormone is an independent risk factor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JGH OPEN 2019; 4:400-404. [PMID: 32514444 PMCID: PMC7273701 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Hypothyroidism might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The association of subclinical hypothyroidism with NAFLD has been inconsistent. The relationship of NAFLD with thyroid function parameters and subclinical hypothyroidism was determined. Methods This cross‐sectional study included 70 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and 70 controls with euthyroidism matched according to gender, age, and body mass index (BMI). NAFLD was diagnosed via abdominal ultrasonography. The association between NAFLD and subclinical hypothyroidism was analyzed. Results The prevalence of NAFLD was significantly higher in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism than in those with euthyroidism. Multivariate analysis showed that subclinical hypothyroidism was an independent risk factor of NAFLD adjusted by metabolic‐related factors, such as BMI, triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes. Thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) was an independent risk factor of NAFLD adjusted by the same metabolic‐related factors, but free thyroxine (FT4) was not a risk factor. The FIB‐4 index, a noninvasive marker of liver fibrosis was significantly higher in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism than in those with euthyroidism. Compared with patients with euthyroidism, the proportion of the FIB‐4 index ≥2.67 was significantly higher, and the proportion of the FIB‐4 index <1.30 was lower in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Conclusions TSH elevation even within the euthyroid range is an independent risk factor of NAFLD and may influence the progression of liver fibrosis, even with a normal FT4 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tahara
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Kei Moriya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Hideto Kawaratani
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takaya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sawada
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Naotaka Shimozato
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Soichiro Saikawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakanishi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Takuya Kubo
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Yukihisa Fujinaga
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Masanori Furukawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Koh Kitagawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Takahiro Ozutsumi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Yuuki Tsuji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Daisuke Kaya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Hirotetsu Takagi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Koji Ishida
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Akira Mitoro
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
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Caussy C, Ajmera VH, Puri P, Li-Shin Hsu C, Bassirian S, Mgdsyan M, Singh S, Faulkner C, Valasek MA, Rizo E, Richards L, Brenner DA, Sirlin CB, Sanyal AJ, Loomba R. Serum metabolites detect the presence of advanced fibrosis in derivation and validation cohorts of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut 2019; 68:1884-1892. [PMID: 30567742 PMCID: PMC8328048 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-invasive and accurate diagnostic tests for the screening of disease severity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain a major unmet need. Therefore, we aimed to examine if a combination of serum metabolites can accurately predict the presence of advanced fibrosis. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective derivation cohort including 156 well-characterised patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and two validation cohorts, including (1) 142 patients assessed using MRI elastography (MRE) and(2) 59 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD with untargeted serum metabolome profiling. RESULTS In the derivation cohort, 23 participants (15%) had advanced fibrosis and 32 of 652 analysed metabolites were significantly associated with advanced fibrosis after false-discovery rate adjustment. Among the top 10 metabolites, 8 lipids (5alpha-androstan-3beta monosulfate, pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, androsterone sulfate, epiandrosterone sulfate, palmitoleate, dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate, 5alpha-androstan-3beta disulfate, glycocholate), one amino acid (taurine) and one carbohydrate (fucose) were identified. The combined area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the top 10 metabolite panel was higher than FIB--4 and NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS) for the detection of advanced fibrosis: 0.94 (95% CI 0.897 to 0.982) versus 0.78 (95% CI0.674 to 0.891), p=0.002 and versus 0.84 (95% CI 0.724 to 0.929), p=0.017, respectively. The AUROC of the top 10 metabolite panel remained excellent in the independent validation cohorts assessed by MRE or liver biopsy: c-statistic of 0.94 and 0.84, respectively. CONCLUSION A combination of 10 serum metabolites demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability for the detection of advanced fibrosis in an derivation and two independent validation cohorts with greater diagnostic accuracy than the FIB-4-index and NFS. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that a non-invasive blood-based diagnostic test can provide excellent performance characteristics for the detection of advanced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Caussy
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA,Université Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, California, France
| | - Veeral H Ajmera
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Puneet Puri
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Shirin Bassirian
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mania Mgdsyan
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Claire Faulkner
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mark A Valasek
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Emily Rizo
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lisa Richards
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David A Brenner
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Claude B Sirlin
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Overview of the Pathogenesis, Genetic, and Non-Invasive Clinical, Biochemical, and Scoring Methods in the Assessment of NAFLD. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193570. [PMID: 31554274 PMCID: PMC6801903 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. It represents a range of disorders, including simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and liver cirrhosis, and its prevalence continues to rise. In some cases, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may develop. The develop;ment of non-invasive diagnostic and screening tools is needed, in order to reduce the frequency of liver biopsies. The most promising methods are those able to exclude advanced fibrosis and quantify steatosis. In this study, new perspective markers for inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrogenesis; emerging scoring models for detecting hepatic steatosis and fibrosis; and new genetic, epigenetic, and multiomic studies are discussed. As isolated biochemical parameters are not specific or sensitive enough to predict the presence of NASH and fibrosis, there is a tendency to use various markers and combine them into mathematical algorithms. Several predictive models and scoring systems have been developed. Current data suggests that panels of markers (NAFLD fibrosis score, Fib-4 score, BARD score, and others) are useful diagnostic modalities to minimize the number of liver biopsies. The review unveils pathophysiological aspects related to new trends in current non-invasive biochemical, genetic, and scoring methods, and provides insight into their diagnostic accuracies and suitability in clinical practice.
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Fujihara Y, Hamanoue N, Yano H, Tanabe M, Akehi Y, Nomiyama T, Yanase T. High sex hormone-binding globulin concentration is a risk factor for high fibrosis-4 index in middle-aged Japanese men. Endocr J 2019; 66:637-645. [PMID: 31068503 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Low endogenous testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations have been reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, little is known about the relationships between testosterone or SHBG and liver fibrosis in NAFLD. Thus, we aimed to clarify the relationships between serum testosterone or SHBG concentration and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, a marker of liver fibrosis. Serum testosterone was assayed in various forms (total testosterone [TT], calculated free testosterone [cFT], calculated bioavailable testosterone [cbT], and SHBG) and metabolic markers were also measured in 363 Japanese men (mean age 51.1 ± 8.7 years) at routine health examinations. We then attempted to identify the factors contributing to liver fibrosis by investigating the associations between the metabolic markers, including testosterone, and FIB-4 index. People with a relatively high FIB-4 index (≥1.3) demonstrated lower cFT, cbT, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-β, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and blood urea nitrogen, but higher SHBG, than those with a lower FIB-4 index (<1.3). There were no significant differences in HbA1c, fasting glucose concentration, HOMA-R, or metabolic syndrome prevalence between the two groups. Binary regression analysis revealed that SHBG ≥52 nmol/L and cFT <8.0 ng/dL were statistically significant risk factors for FIB-4 index ≥1.3. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that cFT <7.62 ng/dL (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.639) and SHBG ≥49.8 nmol/L (AUC = 0.649) were the strongest risk factors for FIB-4 index ≥1.3. In contrast to previous findings showing low SHBG concentrations in NAFLD, we provide evidence that high SHBG and low bioactive testosterone are associated with liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Fujihara
- Muta Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuya Hamanoue
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Japan
| | - Makito Tanabe
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Akehi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomiyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yanase
- Muta Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Chuah KH, Wan Yusoff WNI, Sthaneshwar P, Nik Mustapha NR, Mahadeva S, Chan WK. MACK-3 (combination of hoMa, Ast and CK18): A promising novel biomarker for fibrotic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver Int 2019; 39:1315-1324. [PMID: 30825254 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MACK-3 (combination of hoMa, Ast and CK18) was reported to be a good biomarker for the diagnosis of fibrotic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, there is no external validation to date. AIM To evaluate the accuracy of MACK-3 for the diagnosis of fibrotic NASH. METHODOLOGY Consecutive adult non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients who had liver biopsy in a university hospital were included. MACK-3 was calculated using the online calculator using the following variables: fasting glucose, fasting insulin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and cytokeratin 18 (CK18). MACK-3 cut-offs ≤0.134 and ≥0.550 were used to predict absence and presence of fibrotic NASH, respectively. Histopathological examination of liver biopsy specimen was reported according to the NASH Clinical Research Network Scoring System. RESULTS Data for 196 subjects were analysed. MACK-3 was good for diagnosis of fibrotic NASH (area under receiver-operating characteristics curve [AUROC] 0.80), comparable to the Fibrosis-4 index (FIB4) and the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) and superior to the BARD score and CK18. MACK-3 was good for diagnosis of active NASH (AUROC 0.81) and was superior to other blood fibrosis tests. The overall accuracy, percentage of subjects in grey zone, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MACK-3 for diagnosis of fibrotic NASH was 79.1%, 46.9%, 100%, 43.8%, 43.1% and 100%, respectively, while for diagnosis of active NASH was 90.0%, 39.3%, 84.2%, 81.4%, 88.9% and 74.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION MACK-3 is promising as a non-invasive test for active NASH and fibrotic NASH and may be useful to identify patients who need more aggressive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee-Huat Chuah
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Nur Illyana Wan Yusoff
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pavai Sthaneshwar
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Sanjiv Mahadeva
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wah-Kheong Chan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kolhe KM, Amarapurkar A, Parikh P, Chaubal A, Chauhan S, Khairnar H, Walke S, Ingle M, Pandey V, Shukla A. Aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI) but not FIB-5 or FIB-4 is accurate in ruling out significant fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in an urban slum-dwelling population. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2019; 6:e000288. [PMID: 31275584 PMCID: PMC6577364 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2019-000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Non-invasive assessment of fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is challenging, especially in resource-limited settings. MR or transient elastography and many patented serum scores are costly and not widely available. There are limited data on accuracy of serum-based fibrosis scores in urban slum-dwelling population, which is a unique group due to its dietary habits and socioeconomic environment. We did this study to compare the accuracy of serum-based fibrosis scores to rule out significant fibrosis (SF) in this population. Methods Histological and clinical data of 100 consecutive urban slum-dwelling patients with NAFLD were analysed. Institutional ethics committee permission was taken. Aspartate transaminase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and FIB-5 scores were compared among those with non-significant fibrosis (METAVIR; F0 to F1; n=73) and SF (METAVIR; F2 to F4; n=27). Results AST (IU/mL) (68.3±45.2 vs 23.9±10.9; p<0.0001), alanine transaminase (IU/mL) (76.4±36.8 vs 27.9±11.4; p<0.0001), FIB-4 (2.40±2.13 vs 0.85±0.52; p<0.0001) and APRI (1.18±0.92 vs 0.25±0.16; p<0.0001) were higher and platelets (100 000/mm3) (1.8±0.8 vs 2.6±0.7; p<0.0001), albumin (g/dL) (3.4±0.50 vs 3.7±0.4; p<0.0001), alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) (60.9±10.2 vs 76.4±12.9; p<0.0001) and FIB-5 (−1.10±6.58 vs 3.79±4.25; p<0.0001) were lower in SF group. APRI had the best accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.95) followed by FIB-4 (0.78) and FIB-5 (0.75) in ruling out SF. Conclusions APRI but not FIB-5 or FIB-4 is accurate in ruling out SF in patients with NAFLD in an urban slum-dwelling population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Marotrao Kolhe
- Gastroenterology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anjali Amarapurkar
- Pathology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pathik Parikh
- Gastroenterology, Zydus Hospitals, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Alisha Chaubal
- Gastroenterology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shamsher Chauhan
- Gastroenterology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harshad Khairnar
- Gastroenterology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swapnil Walke
- Gastroenterology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Meghraj Ingle
- Gastroenterology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikas Pandey
- Gastroenterology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akash Shukla
- Gastroenterology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Preveden T, Vereš B, Ružić M, Pete M, Luzza F, Pellicano R, Abenavoli L. Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C virus patients compared to liver biopsy: the experience of tertiary level hospital in Serbia. Minerva Med 2019; 111:197-202. [PMID: 31081313 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.19.06109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, that is defined by active carriage of HCV RNA in the blood, is represents one of the major public health problems worldwide. In Serbia, the prevalence of anti-HCV positive persons in the general population, is estimated on average 1.13%. METHODS The aim of our study was to evaluate the ability of noninvasive scores in order to define the degree of liver fibrosis, and to assess the effect of host and viral factors on fibrosis in chronic HCV patients. In a retrospective analysis a total of 814 patients with chronic HCV infection were included. Liver fibrosis scores were calculated, and in particular AST/ALT Score APRI, Forns Index, and FIB-4 score, and all of them compared with histological classification. RESULTS We found that noninvasive biochemical scores of fibrosis, have a good performance especially to distinguish mild and moderate fibrosis to advanced fibrosis. In particular, we found that FIB-4 score is a useful screening tool to accurately exclude patients with advanced disease. CONCLUSIONS Noninvasive liver fibrosis scores are efficient tools in the management and follow-up of HCV patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Preveden
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Clinic for Infectious Disease, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Benjamin Vereš
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Clinic for Infectious Disease, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maja Ružić
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Clinic for Infectious Disease, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maria Pete
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Clinic for Infectious Disease, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy -
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Yang J, Fernández-Galilea M, Martínez-Fernández L, González-Muniesa P, Pérez-Chávez A, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Oxidative Stress and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation. Nutrients 2019; 11:E872. [PMID: 31003450 PMCID: PMC6521137 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex phenomenon characterized by the progressive loss of tissue and organ function. The oxidative-stress theory of aging postulates that age-associated functional losses are due to the accumulation of ROS-induced damage. Liver function impairment and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are common among the elderly. NAFLD can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and evolve to hepatic cirrhosis or hepatic carcinoma. Oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, and inflammation play a key role in the progression of NAFLD. A growing body of evidence supports the therapeutic potential of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), mainly docosahaexenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), on metabolic diseases based on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we performed a systematic review of clinical trials analyzing the efficacy of n-3 PUFA on both systemic oxidative stress and on NAFLD/NASH features in adults. As a matter of fact, it remains controversial whether n-3 PUFA are effective to counteract oxidative stress. On the other hand, data suggest that n-3 PUFA supplementation may be effective in the early stages of NAFLD, but not in patients with more severe NAFLD or NASH. Future perspectives and relevant aspects that should be considered when planning new randomized controlled trials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchunzi Yang
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Marta Fernández-Galilea
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Leyre Martínez-Fernández
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adriana Pérez-Chávez
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria J Moreno-Aliaga
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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132
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A gut microbiome signature for cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1406. [PMID: 30926798 PMCID: PMC6440960 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of cirrhosis in nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease (NAFLD) is the most important predictor of liver-related mortality. Limited data exist concerning the diagnostic accuracy of gut-microbiome-derived signatures for detecting NAFLD-cirrhosis. Here we report 16S gut-microbiome compositions of 203 uniquely well-characterized participants from a prospective twin and family cohort, including 98 probands encompassing the entire spectrum of NAFLD and 105 of their first-degree relatives, assessed by advanced magnetic-resonance-imaging. We show strong familial correlation of gut-microbiome profiles, driven by shared housing. We report a panel of 30 features, including 27 bacterial features with discriminatory ability to detect NAFLD-cirrhosis using a Random Forest classifier model. In a derivation cohort of probands, the model has a robust diagnostic accuracy (AUROC of 0.92) for detecting NAFLD-cirrhosis, confirmed in a validation cohort of relatives of proband with NAFLD-cirrhosis (AUROC of 0.87). This study provides evidence for a fecal-microbiome-derived signature to detect NAFLD-cirrhosis. Development of cirrhosis in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can predict mortality. Here the authors used a unique twin and family cohort to identify a gut microbiome-derived 16sRNA signature that can detect cirrhosis in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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133
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Vilar-Gomez E, Athinarayanan SJ, Adams RN, Hallberg SJ, Bhanpuri NH, McKenzie AL, Campbell WW, McCarter JP, Phinney SD, Volek JS, Chalasani N. Post hoc analyses of surrogate markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes in a digitally supported continuous care intervention: an open-label, non-randomised controlled study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023597. [PMID: 30803948 PMCID: PMC6398805 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One year of comprehensive continuous care intervention (CCI) through nutritional ketosis improves glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1c), body weight and liver enzymes among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we report the effect of the CCI on surrogate scores of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis. METHODS This was a non-randomised longitudinal study, including adults with T2D who were self-enrolled to the CCI (n=262) or to receive usual care (UC, n=87) during 1 year. An NAFLD liver fat score (N-LFS) >-0.640 defined the presence of fatty liver. An NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) of >0.675 identified subjects with advanced fibrosis. Changes in N-LFS and NFS at 1 year were the main endpoints. RESULTS At baseline, NAFLD was present in 95% of patients in the CCI and 90% of patients in the UC. At 1 year, weight loss of ≥5% was achieved in 79% of patients in the CCI versus 19% of patients in UC (p<0.001). N-LFS mean score was reduced in the CCI group (-1.95±0.22, p<0.001), whereas it was not changed in the UC (0.47±0.41, p=0.26) (CCI vs UC, p<0.001). NFS was reduced in the CCI group (-0.65±0.06, p<0.001) compared with UC (0.26±0.11, p=0.02) (p<0.001 between two groups). In the CCI group, the percentage of individuals with a low probability of advanced fibrosis increased from 18% at baseline to 33% at 1 year (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS One year of a digitally supported CCI significantly improved surrogates of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis in patients with T2D. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02519309; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vilar-Gomez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah J Hallberg
- Virta Health, San Francisco, California, USA
- Indiana University Health Arnett, Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - James P McCarter
- Virta Health, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Jeff S Volek
- Virta Health, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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134
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Klisic A, Abenavoli L, Fagoonee S, Kavaric N, Kocic G, Ninić A. Older age and HDL-cholesterol as independent predictors of liver fibrosis assessed by BARD score. Minerva Med 2019; 110:191-198. [PMID: 30784251 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.19.05978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and in particular non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, can progress to advanced fibrosis. However, pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in this evolution are not elucidated yet. We aimed to investigate the independent predictors of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD, determined by BARD score, one of the most used algorithms for fibrosis evaluation. METHODS This prospective study enrolled a total of 301 participants with NAFLD, as determined by a Fatty Liver Index (FLI) ≥60. All patients were categorized into two groups: with no/mild fibrosis (BARD score 1, N.=62) and with advanced fibrosis (BARD score 2, 3 and 4 N.=239). RESULTS Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), glucose and glycated hemoglobin were higher (P=0.028, P<0.001 and P=0.002, respectively), whereas serum transaminases and gamma glutamil transferase levels were lower in patients with advanced fibrosis than in those with no/mild fibrosis (P=0.010, P<0.001 and P=0.005, respectively). There were no significant differences in oxidative stress (i.e., advanced oxidant protein products and malondialdehyde) and anti-oxidative protection markers (i.e., catalase) between patients with no/mild fibrosis and advanced fibrosis. Multivariate ordinal regression analysis showed independent associations and predictions of ages (OR=1.071, 95% CI 1.004-1.097, P<0.001), and HDL-c levels (OR=2.549, 95% CI 1.087-5.989, P=0.032) on BARD score categories in patients with NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we found that older age and higher HDL-c, are independent predictors for advanced liver fibrosis assessed with the BARD score. Future investigations are needed to further explore this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Klisic
- Primary Health Care Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy -
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute for Biostructures and Bioimages (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Nebojsa Kavaric
- Primary Health Care Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Gordana Kocic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Ana Ninić
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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135
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Lertnawapan R, Chonprasertsuk S, Siramolpiwat S. Association between cumulative methotrexate dose, non-invasive scoring system and hepatic fibrosis detected by Fibroscan in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving methotrexate. Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 22:214-221. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ratchaya Lertnawapan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine; Thammasat University; Patumthani Thailand
| | - Soonthorn Chonprasertsuk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine; Thammasat University; Patumthani Thailand
| | - Sith Siramolpiwat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine; Thammasat University; Patumthani Thailand
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136
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Kawaguchi T, Inokuchi T, Honma T, Itano S, Kawasaki E, Inada C, Aoki T, Tsumura N, Araki A, Mukae T, Torimura T. Factors associated with advanced hepatic fibrosis in patients with various internal diseases: A multicenter community-based survey. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:882-892. [PMID: 29736951 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Advanced hepatic fibrosis can occur in patients with various diseases, including diabetes mellitus and hypertension. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of advanced hepatic fibrosis in patients with various internal diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a community-based survey in which 1012 patients were enrolled (mean age, 63.1 ± 10.8 years; female/male, 505/507). Hepatic fibrosis was evaluated by Fib-4 index and patients were classified into high and low Fib-4 groups. Independent factors for the high Fib-4 group were analyzed using logistic regression and decision tree analysis. RESULTS A high prevalence of high Fib-4 index was observed in patients with cardiovascular diseases; 37.1% of patients with hypertension belonged to the high Fib-4 group. Independent factors associated with the high Fib-4 group were BMI (OR 0.95, 95%CI 0.918-0.989, P < 0.01), male sex (OR 1.35, 95%CI 1.03-1.78, P < 0.05), and hypertension (OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.03-1.92, P < 0.05). In patients with hypertension, a decision tree algorithm revealed three profiles for Fib-4 index: 1) creatinine level < 0.76 mg/dL (high Fib-4; 30.0%), 2) creatinine level ≥ 0.76 mg/dL without sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) treatment (high Fib-4; 48.2%), and 3) creatinine level ≥ 0.76 mg/dL with SGLT2i treatment (high Fib-4; 23.5%). CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of advanced hepatic fibrosis was observed in patients with hypertension. Hypertension was an independent risk factor, and creatinine level and SGLT2i were divergence variables for advanced hepatic fibrosis. Thus, hypertension with chronic kidney injury may exacerbate hepatic fibrosis, while SGLT2i treatment may ameliorate hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Kurume Internal Medical Association
| | | | - Tomoki Honma
- Homma Internal Medicine & Cardiovascular Clinic, Kurume, Japan.,Kurume Internal Medical Association
| | - Satoshi Itano
- Kurume-Chuo Hospital, Kurume, Japan.,Kurume Internal Medical Association
| | - Eiji Kawasaki
- Diabetes Center, Shin-Koga Hospital, Kurume, Japan.,Kurume Internal Medical Association
| | - Chizuko Inada
- Inada Medical Clinic, Kurume, Japan.,Kurume Internal Medical Association
| | - Toshichika Aoki
- Aoki Internal Medicine Digestive Clinic, Kurume, Japan.,Kurume Internal Medical Association
| | - Naohira Tsumura
- Tsumura Clinic, Kurume, Japan.,Kurume Internal Medical Association
| | - Akiteru Araki
- Division of Medical Information, St.Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan.,Kurume Internal Medical Association
| | - Tokunori Mukae
- Mukae Internal Medicine Clinic, Kurume, Japan.,Kurume Internal Medical Association
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Wegermann K, Henao R, Diehl AM, Murphy SK, Abdelmalek MF, Moylan CA. Branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) is overexpressed and hypomethylated in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who experience adverse clinical events: A pilot study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204308. [PMID: 30265706 PMCID: PMC6161885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Although the burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to increase worldwide, genetic factors predicting progression to cirrhosis and decompensation in NAFLD remain poorly understood. We sought to determine whether gene expression profiling was associated with clinical decompensation and death in patients with NAFLD, and to assess whether altered DNA methylation contributes to these changes in gene expression. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 86 patients in the Duke NAFLD Clinical Database and Biorepository with biopsy-proven NAFLD whose liver tissue was previously evaluated for gene expression and DNA methylation using array based technologies. We assessed the prospective development of liver and cardiovascular disease related outcomes, including hepatic decompensation as identified by the development of ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma, or variceal bleeding as well as stroke and myocardial infarction via medical chart review. Results Of the 86 patients, 47 had F0-F1 fibrosis and 39 had F3-F4 fibrosis at index liver biopsy. Gene expression probe sets (n = 54,675) were analyzed; 42 genes showed significant differential expression (p<0.05) and a two-fold change in expression between patients with and without any outcome. Two expression probes of the branched chain amino-acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) gene were upregulated (p = 0.02; fold change 2.1 and 2.2 respectively) in patients with a clinical outcome. Methylation of three of the 34 BCAT1 CpG methylation probes were significantly inversely correlated with BCAT1 expression specific to the probes predictive of clinical deterioration. Conclusion We found differential gene expression, correlated to changes in DNA methylation, at multiple BCAT1 loci in patients with cardiovascular outcomes and/or hepatic decompensation. BCAT1 catalyzes the transformation of alpha-ketoglutarate to glutamate and has been linked to the presence and severity of NAFLD, possibly through derangements in the balance between glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate. Given the potential for BCAT1 to identify patients at risk for poor outcomes, and the potential therapeutic implications, these results should be validated in larger prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Wegermann
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Henao
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Manal F. Abdelmalek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A. Moylan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs Health System, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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138
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Vilar-Gomez E, Chalasani N. Non-invasive assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Clinical prediction rules and blood-based biomarkers. J Hepatol 2018; 68:305-315. [PMID: 29154965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The correct identification of patients at increased risk of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced fibrosis is a critical step in the assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Since liver biopsy is invasive, expensive and prone to sampling error, several clinical prediction rules and blood-based biomarkers have been developed as attractive and affordable alternatives for identification of patients at high risk of NASH and advanced fibrosis. Current biomarkers constitute predictive models (e.g. NAFLD fibrosis score, FIB-4 index and BARD score) or direct measures of inflammation (e.g. circulating keratin 18 fragments), or fibrosis (e.g. FibroTest®, ELF™ or Pro-C3 tests). In the clinical setting, biomarkers may discriminate between patients with NASH or advanced fibrosis, predict dynamic changes in NASH/fibrosis over time, and provide long-term prognostic information. Although clinically useful, current biomarker predictions may be influenced by hepatic and extrahepatic conditions (e.g. age, patient comorbidities, and fibrosis or NASH prevalence), which may lead to inaccurate estimates in small subsamples of patients. No highly sensitive and specific tests are available to differentiate NASH from simple steatosis. However, diagnostic accuracy can be improved by combining blood biomarkers. NAFLD fibrosis score and FIB-4 index are both cost-effective and highly sensitive tools to exclude patients with advanced fibrosis. Moreover, their higher scores may identify patients at higher risk of non-liver- and liver-related morbidity and mortality. More expensive tests such as FibroTest or ELF are more specific for detection of patients with significant and advanced fibrosis. Recent efforts have concentrated on "omics" approaches for developing and validating novel biomarkers. Herein, we describe currently available clinical prediction rules and blood-based biomarkers for identifying NASH and advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD, discussing their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their potential clinical utility for predicting dynamic changes over time and identifying patients at increased risk of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vilar-Gomez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA.
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA.
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Joo SK, Kim W, Kim D, Kim JH, Oh S, Lee KL, Chang MS, Jung YJ, So YH, Lee MS, Bae JM, Kim BG. Steatosis severity affects the diagnostic performances of noninvasive fibrosis tests in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2018; 38:331-341. [PMID: 28796410 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a wide spectrum of heterogeneous metabolic subtypes. This study compared the diagnostic performances of noninvasive fibrosis tests in predicting advanced fibrosis among patients with NAFLD and examined the effects of the subgroups on their diagnostic performances. METHODS Three hundred fifteen patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were prospectively enrolled. Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) was performed to obtain liver stiffness measurements (LSMs). The aspartate aminotransferase-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR), aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis 4 index (FIB-4), NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) and BARD score were calculated. The diagnostic performances of noninvasive fibrosis tests were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). RESULTS Fibrosis 4 index (FIB-4) showed the highest AUROC for advanced fibrosis (0.866; 95% CI, 0.811-0.922). AUROC subgroup analyses were performed to assess the effects of the subgroups on diagnostic performance. For patients with advanced fibrosis, the APRI, BARD, FIB-4 and NFS AUROCs were significantly different among the radiological steatosis grades. Additionally, the AUROC of ARFI tended to decrease with increasing radiological steatosis severity. FIB-4 and NFS showed significantly lower AUROCs for advanced fibrosis in obese NAFLD than in nonobese NAFLD (P = .002 and P < .001 respectively). However, only radiological steatosis severity was independently associated with advanced fibrosis in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS Steatosis severity may affect the diagnostic performances of noninvasive fibrosis tests in patients with NAFLD. The application of different tools should be tailored for various NAFLD subgroups to optimize noninvasive fibrosis assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Kyung Joo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghee Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook Lae Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho So
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung Seok Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Mo Bae
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong Gwan Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Tada T, Kumada T, Toyoda H, Saibara T, Ono M, Kage M. New scoring system combining the FIB-4 index and cytokeratin-18 fragments for predicting steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biomarkers 2018; 23:328-334. [PMID: 29308929 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1425915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish a new scoring system as a noninvasive tool for predicting steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS A total of 170 patients histologically diagnosed with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (n = 130) or nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) (n = 40) were enrolled. We analyzed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and performed multivariate analysis to predict steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed that cytokeratin-18 fragment (CK18-F) levels (≥278 U/L) (odds ratio [OR], 4.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42-14.00; p = 0.010) and the FIB-4 index (≥1.46) (OR, 4.54; 95% CI, 1.93-29.50; p = 0.004) were independently associated with prediction of NASH. We then established a new scoring system (named the FIC-22 score) for predicting NASH using CK18-F levels and FIB-4 index. The areas under the ROC curve (AUROCs) of the FIC-22 score and NAFIC score were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.75-0.89) and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.62-0.78) (p = 0.044). Additionally, the AUROC of the FIC-22 score for predicting the presence of fibrosis (F ≥ 1) was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.70-0.85). CONCLUSIONS In patients with NAFLD, the FIC-22 score had high predictive accuracy not only for steatohepatitis but also for the presence of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Tada
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Ogaki Municipal Hospital , Ogaki, Gifu , Japan
| | - Takashi Kumada
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Ogaki Municipal Hospital , Ogaki, Gifu , Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Ogaki Municipal Hospital , Ogaki, Gifu , Japan
| | - Toshiji Saibara
- b Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Kochi Medical School , Kochi , Japan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- b Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Kochi Medical School , Kochi , Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kage
- c Department of Diagnostic Pathology , Kurume University Hospital , Kurume, Fukuoka , Japan
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Lv G. Association Between Urinary Alpha1-Microglobulin Levels and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2017; 72:30-36. [PMID: 29232673 DOI: 10.1159/000484255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to explore the association between urinary alpha1-microglobulin (A1M) levels and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a Chinese population. STUDY We performed a cross-sectional study among 2,215 Chinese who attended their annual health examination at First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University. Urinary A1M-creatinine ratio and other clinical and laboratory parameters were measured. RESULTS A total of 20.9% of subjects fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of NAFLD. NAFLD subjects had significantly higher urinary A1M-creatinine ratios. These levels were positively associated with NAFLD prevalence. The association between A1M-creatinine ratio and NAFLD was independent of hyperglycemia status. Stepwise regression showed that urinary A1M-creatinine ratio was significantly associated with the risk for NAFLD. Urinary A1M-creatinine ratio was an independent factor predicting advanced fibrosis (FIB-4 ≥1.3) in NAFLD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed a significant association between urinary A1M-creatinine ratio and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanwen Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuyao Zhang
- Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University Qianjiang College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guocai Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Cheah MCC, McCullough AJ, Goh GBB. Current Modalities of Fibrosis Assessment in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2017; 5:261-271. [PMID: 28936407 PMCID: PMC5606972 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2017.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a burgeoning global health concern. In the subset of NAFLD patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the presence of significant fibrosis at index assessment is associated with poor prognosis and increased mortality. Hence, there is a growing need to accurately assess and stage fibrosis. Liver biopsy, the current gold standard, has limitations with sampling error and is invasive, with associated inherent risk. This has led to a host of non-invasive means of assessing fibrosis, which has garnered relevance in a disease that requires serial assessment of fibrosis longitudinally over time. This review discusses, comprehensively, the various tools available to the clinician for the assessment of fibrosis, including the various scoring systems used in liver biopsy, the non-invasive means of serum biomarkers, such as the highly-validated NAFLD fibrosis score, and the imaging-based modalities, such as transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark CC Cheah
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Arthur J McCullough
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - George Boon-Bee Goh
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- *Correspondence to: Dr George Boon-Bee Goh, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore. Tel: +65-62223322, Fax: +65-62273623, E-mail:
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Singh S, Muir AJ, Dieterich DT, Falck-Ytter YT. American Gastroenterological Association Institute Technical Review on the Role of Elastography in Chronic Liver Diseases. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:1544-1577. [PMID: 28442120 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases (CLDs), due to chronic hepatitis C; hepatitis B; nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD); and alcoholic liver disease, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Early identification of patients with cirrhosis at high risk of progression to liver-related complications may facilitate timely care and improve outcomes. With risks and misclassification associated with invasive tests, such as liver biopsy, noninvasive imaging modalities for liver fibrosis assessment have gained popularity. Therefore, the American Gastroenterological Association prioritized clinical guidelines on the role of elastography in CLDs, focusing on vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). To inform these clinical guidelines, the current technical review was developed in accordance with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework for diagnostic accuracy studies. This technical review addresses focused questions related to: (1) comparative diagnostic performance of VCTE and MRE relative to nonproprietary, serum-based fibrosis markers for detection of cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), NAFLD, and alcoholic liver diseases; (2) performance of specific VCTE-defined liver stiffness cutoffs as a test replacement strategy (to replace liver biopsy) in making key decisions in the management of patients with CLDs; and (3) performance of specific VCTE-defined liver stiffness cutoffs as a triage test to identify patients with low likelihood of harboring high-risk esophageal varices (EVs) or having clinically significant portal hypertension (for presurgical risk stratification). This technical review does not address performance of other noninvasive modalities for assessing fibrosis (eg, acoustic radiation force pulse imaging or shear wave elastography) or steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter or magnetic resonance imaging-estimated proton density fat fraction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrew J Muir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Yngve T Falck-Ytter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland VA Medical Center and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Chin JL, Pavlides M, Moolla A, Ryan JD. Non-invasive Markers of Liver Fibrosis: Adjuncts or Alternatives to Liver Biopsy? Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:159. [PMID: 27378924 PMCID: PMC4913110 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis reflects sustained liver injury often from multiple, simultaneous factors. Whilst the presence of mild fibrosis on biopsy can be a reassuring finding, the identification of advanced fibrosis is critical to the management of patients with chronic liver disease. This necessity has lead to a reliance on liver biopsy which itself is an imperfect test and poorly accepted by patients. The development of robust tools to non-invasively assess liver fibrosis has dramatically enhanced clinical decision making in patients with chronic liver disease, allowing a rapid and informed judgment of disease stage and prognosis. Should a liver biopsy be required, the appropriateness is clearer and the diagnostic yield is greater with the use of these adjuncts. While a number of non-invasive liver fibrosis markers are now used in routine practice, a steady stream of innovative approaches exists. With improvement in the reliability, reproducibility and feasibility of these markers, their potential role in disease management is increasing. Moreover, their adoption into clinical trials as outcome measures reflects their validity and dynamic nature. This review will summarize and appraise the current and novel non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis, both blood and imaging based, and look at their prospective application in everyday clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun L Chin
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Pavlides
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Ahmad Moolla
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - John D Ryan
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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