101
|
Pang KC, Nguyen TP, Upreti R. Case Report: Successful Use of Minoxidil to Promote Facial Hair Growth in an Adolescent Transgender Male. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:725269. [PMID: 34659117 PMCID: PMC8511680 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.725269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of trans and gender diverse young people are presenting to health services seeking gender-affirming medical care. While testosterone therapy in transgender males is generally effective in inducing masculinization, some adolescents encounter barriers to accessing such treatment or may not wish to experience all the changes that usually accompany testosterone. Here, we describe the case of a 17 year old trans male who presented with gender dysphoria but was initially unable to start testosterone therapy. Due to a desire for facial hair, he was therefore treated with topical minoxidil, an easily accessible, over-the-counter medication that has been used to treat androgenic alopecia for several decades. In this case, minoxidil was applied regularly to the lower face and, after three months of treatment, he developed obvious pigmented facial hair that was sufficient to help him avoid being misgendered. The only reported side effect was excessive skin dryness. Unexpectedly, despite no direct application to other areas, there was also an increase in pigmented body hair, suggestive of systemic absorption and effect. Given its long-standing use and safety record in the management of alopecia, minoxidil might thus represent a useful treatment option for trans males who desire an increase in facial hair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C. Pang
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Adolescent Medicine, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kenneth C. Pang,
| | - Thomas P. Nguyen
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rita Upreti
- Endocrinology Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Andrology Service, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Sterkens A, Lambert J, Bervoets A. Alopecia areata: a review on diagnosis, immunological etiopathogenesis and treatment options. Clin Exp Med 2021; 21:215-230. [PMID: 33386567 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients suffering from alopecia areata (AA) can lose hair in focal regions, the complete scalp, including eyelashes and eyebrows, or even the entire body. The exact pathology is not yet known, but the most described theory is a collapse of the immune privilege system, which can be found in some specific regions of the body. Different treatment options, local and systemic, are available, but none of them have been proven to be effective in the long term as well for every treatment there should be considered for the possible side effects. In many cases, treated or non-treated, relapse often occurs. The prognosis is uncertain and is negatively influenced by the subtypes alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis and characteristics such as associated nail lesions, hair loss for more than 10 years and a positive familial history. The unpredictable course of the disease also makes it a mental struggle and AA patients are more often associated with depression and anxiety compared to the healthy population. Research into immunology and genetics, more particularly in the field of dendritic cells (DC), is recommended for AA as there is evidence of the possible role of DC in the treatment of other autoimmune diseases such as multiple Sclerosis and cancer. Promising therapies for the future treatment of AA are JAK-STAT inhibitors and PRP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sterkens
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - J Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - A Bervoets
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition that affects up to 2% of the general population. Currently available treatment options for AA are of limited efficacy and can be associated with adverse effects. The advancement in understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of AA has led to the development of novel treatment options, with the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor class of drugs at the forefront of ongoing clinical trials. Platelet-rich plasma, fecal transplants, and cytokine-targeted therapy with ustekinumab and dupilumab have also been shown to regrow hair in patients with AA in individual case reports or small studies. Several other novel therapies have preliminary data or are being tested in clinical trials.
Collapse
|
104
|
Jang S, Ohn J, Kang BM, Park M, Kim KH, Kwon O. "Two-Cell Assemblage" Assay: A Simple in vitro Method for Screening Hair Growth-Promoting Compounds. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:581528. [PMID: 33330459 PMCID: PMC7732514 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.581528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia arises due to inadequate hair follicle (HF) stem cell activation or proliferation, resulting in prolongation of the telogen phase of the hair cycle. Increasing therapeutic and cosmetic demand for alleviating alopecia has driven research toward the discovery or synthesis of novel compounds that can promote hair growth by inducing HF stem cell activation or proliferation and initiating the anagen phase. Although several methods for evaluating the hair growth-promoting effects of candidate compounds are being used, most of these methods are difficult to use for large scale simultaneous screening of various compounds. Herein, we introduce a simple and reliable in vitro assay for the simultaneous screening of the hair growth-promoting effects of candidate compounds on a large scale. In this study, we first established a 3D co-culture system of human dermal papilla (hDP) cells and human outer root sheath (hORS) cells in an ultra-low attachment 96-well plate, where the two cell types constituted a polar elongated structure, named "two-cell assemblage (TCA)." We observed that the long axis length of the TCA gradually increased for 5 days, maintaining biological functional integrity as reflected by the increased expression levels of hair growth-associated genes after treatment with hair growth-promoting molecules. Interestingly, the elongation of the TCA was more prominent following treatment with the hair growth-promoting molecules (which occurred in a dose-dependent manner), compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Accordingly, we set the long axis length of the TCA as an endpoint of this assay, using a micro confocal high-content imaging system to measure the length, which can provide reproducible and reliable results in an adequate timescale. The advantages of this assay are: (i) it is physiologically and practically advantageous as it uses 3D cultured two-type human cells which are easily available; (ii) it is simple as it uses length as the only endpoint; and (iii) it is a high throughput system, which screens various compounds simultaneously. In conclusion, the "TCA" assay could serve as an easy and reliable method to validate the hair growth-promoting effect of a large volume of library molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunhyae Jang
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungyoon Ohn
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Mi Kang
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minji Park
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Han Kim
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ohsang Kwon
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Carloni R, Pechevy L, Postel F, Zielinski M, Gandolfi S. Is there a therapeutic effect of botulinum toxin on scalp alopecia? Physiopathology and reported cases: A systematic review of the literature. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020; 73:2210-2216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
106
|
Rizzetto G, Diotallevi F, Campanati A, Radi G, Bianchelli T, Molinelli E, Mazzanti S, Offidani A. Telogen effluvium related to post severe Sars-Cov-2 infection: Clinical aspects and our management experience. Dermatol Ther 2020; 34:e14547. [PMID: 33190397 PMCID: PMC7744849 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Telogen effluvium (TE) is one of the most common form of hair loss in women. Many triggers have been identified, as stress, drugs, trauma, endocrine disease, nutritional deficiencies, and febrile states. We report three cases of TE occurred after severe Sars‐Cov‐2 infection and provide our clinical management, according to Sars‐Cov‐2 hygiene measures. Only one case report has been found in the literature associating anagen effluvium during severe Sars‐Cov‐2 infection. Other studies reported the exacerbation of a preexisting TE, correlated to the stress of lockdown. In our cases, patients never had a TE diagnosis before and did not report previous evident hair loss. TE can be associated with post severe Sars‐Cov‐2 infection. From our revision of the literature, this is the first case‐series describing TE in post severe Sars‐Cov‐2 patients. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between TE and Sars‐Cov‐2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Rizzetto
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences - Dermatological Clinic, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Diotallevi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences - Dermatological Clinic, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Campanati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences - Dermatological Clinic, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Radi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences - Dermatological Clinic, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bianchelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences - Dermatological Clinic, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Molinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences - Dermatological Clinic, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sara Mazzanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Malattie Infettive, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences - Dermatological Clinic, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
The microfollicle: a model of the human hair follicle for in vitro studies. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:847-858. [PMID: 33170472 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Access to complex in vitro models that recapitulate the unique markers and cell-cell interactions of the hair follicle is rather limited. Creation of scalable, affordable, and relevant in vitro systems which can provide predictive screens of cosmetic ingredients and therapeutic actives for hair health would be highly valued. In this study, we explore the features of the microfollicle, a human hair follicle organoid model based on the spatio-temporally defined co-culture of primary cells. The microfollicle provides a 3D differentiation platform for outer root sheath keratinocytes, dermal papilla fibroblasts, and melanocytes, via epidermal-mesenchymal-neuroectodermal cross-talk. For assay applications, microfollicle cultures were adapted to 96-well plates suitable for medium-throughput testing up to 21 days, and characterized for their spatial and lineage markers. The microfollicles showed hair-specific keratin expression in both early and late stages of cultivation. The gene expression profile of microfollicles was also compared with human clinical biopsy samples in response to the benchmark hair-growth compound, minoxidil. The gene expression changes in microfollicles showed up to 75% overlap with the corresponding gene expression signature observed in the clinical study. Based on our results, the cultivation of the microfollicle appears to be a practical tool for generating testable insights for hair follicle development and offers a complex model for pre-clinical substance testing.
Collapse
|
108
|
Oliveira ACS, Oliveira PM, Cunha-Filho M, Gratieri T, Gelfuso GM. Latanoprost Loaded in Polymeric Nanocapsules for Effective Topical Treatment of Alopecia. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:305. [PMID: 33151434 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Latanoprost has recently been used to treat alopecia as it causes an increase in the capillary density of patients. This work presents for the first time the development of polymeric nanocapsules containing latanoprost for the topical treatment of alopecia. Poly-ε-caprolactone nanocapsules loading latanoprost were developed by nanoprecipitation of the polymer on the surface of drug oily nanodroplets. The method encapsulated 93.9 ± 0.4% of the drug into nanocapsules of 197.8 (± 1.2) nm (PdI = 0.15 ± 0.01). The nanosystem presented a zeta potential equal to - 30.1 ± 1.8 mV and was stable for at least 90 days when stored at 6°C. The colloidal aqueous dispersion was non-irritating, according to the in vitro HET-CAM test. The nanocapsules improved latanoprost accumulation into the hair follicles when topically applied on porcine skin, delivering 30% more drug to these skin structures relative to the control solution (P < 0.05). Also, with a simple manual massage, latanoprost accumulation was increased by twofold (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in addition to being a stable and safe formulation, nanocapsules enhanced latanoprost accumulation into the hair follicles, being a nanosystem with high potential for use as a topical formulation for the treatment of androgenic alopecia.
Collapse
|
109
|
Jin M, Chen YL, He X, Hou Y, Chan Z, Zeng R. Amelioration of Androgenetic Alopecia by Algal Oligosaccharides Prepared by Deep-Sea Bacterium Biodegradation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:567060. [PMID: 33133041 PMCID: PMC7550528 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.567060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-mediated hair loss disorder characterized by shortened anagen hair cycle. Oligosaccharides derived from seaweeds possess diverse biological functions. However, little is known about their effects on AGA. In this study, algal oligosaccharide (AOS) was characterized for its mitigation effects on key features involved in AGA pathogenesis, such as DHT- mediated cellular signaling and shortened anagen hair cycle. AOS with varying degrees of polymerization (DP), namely, AOS (DP2), AOS (DP4-6), and AOS (DP8-12), were prepared by agar biodegradation with Flammeovirga pacifica WPAGA1, an agarolytic bacterium isolated from deep-sea sediments. In vitro results showed that AOS with varying DPs significantly ameliorated the DHT-induced alterations of regulatory factors in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells in a dose- and DP-dependent manner, as revealed by the normalization of several hair-growth-stimulating or inhibitory factors. In vivo studies showed that AOS (DP2) extended the anagen phase and thereby delayed catagen progression in mice. Furthermore, AOS (DP2) stimulated dorsal hair growth in mice by increasing hair length, density, and thickness. Therefore, our findings indicated that AOS antagonized key factors involved in AGA pathogenesis, suggesting the potential application of AOS in the prevention and the treatment of AGA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yu-Lei Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiongfei He
- Aquabrain Biotech (Xiamen) Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Yanping Hou
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhuhua Chan
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Runying Zeng
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Park S, Kang W, Choi D, Son B, Park T. Nonanal Stimulates Growth Factors via Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) Signaling in Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218054. [PMID: 33126774 PMCID: PMC7662673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are a specialized population of cells located in the hair follicles and regulate hair growth and development, particularly by releasing numerous growth factors in response to various physiological conditions. In the present study, we aimed to test whether nonanal, a scent compound from plants, stimulated growth factors in DPCs and to delineate the underlying mechanisms involved. We found that nonanal promoted DPC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, it also increased the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and the expression of various growth factor genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor 1. Furthermore, nonanal treatment stimulated DPC migration. Notably, the benefits of nonanal use were abrogated by cAMP inhibition. Our results reveal the potential of nonanal in preventing hair loss and suggest that its effects are cAMP-mediated in DPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Taesun Park
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2123-3123; Fax: +82-2-365-3118
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Shah DS, Jha DK, Amin PD. Development, validation, and application of an RP-HPLC method for concurrent quantification of Minoxidil and Finasteride in a topical solution for hair regrowth. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2020; 79:194-206. [PMID: 33091398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A topical solution comprising of Minoxidil (MXL) and Finasteride (FNS) for alopecia is formulated in the present work, which essentially contains a lipid-Lauroglycol FCC as a penetration enhancer. The objective of the proposed work was to develop a rapid, simple, and robust reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method to determine MXL and FNS in the said formulation. Herein, the chromatographic conditions were optimized based on the theoretical principles of separation and physicochemical properties such as pKa and log P of both the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). The separation was accomplished on an Inertsil® ODS-3 C18 column (150mm×4.6mm; 5μm of particle size) at 25°C by using a mobile phase composed of 70:30 v/v ratio of Methanol and Milli-Q water along with 0.5% Triethylamine at pH 6.4 adjusted with Ortho Phosphoric Acid. Drug peaks showed a good resolution at 210nm. The retention times for MXL and FNS were found to be 2.40min and 6.39min, respectively. The developed method was found to be linear (R2≥0.998) in a concentration range of 5-100μg/mL for both the drugs. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines Q2 (R1). The ability of the method to differentiate between the types formulations was demonstrated by the in vitro diffusion data performed using a highly sophisticated Strat-M® membrane. The cumulative amount of drug released (MXL and FNS) at the end of 24hours was maximum for the topical formulation containing lipids prepared using isopropyl alcohol and propylene glycol as the base.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, 400019 Matunga, India
| | - D K Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, 400019 Matunga, India
| | - P D Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, 400019 Matunga, India.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Ramos PM, Anzai A, Duque-Estrada B, Melo DF, Sternberg F, Santos LDN, Alves LD, Mulinari-Brenner F. Consensus on the treatment of alopecia areata - Brazilian Society of Dermatology. An Bras Dermatol 2020; 95 Suppl 1:39-52. [PMID: 33183894 PMCID: PMC7772599 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata is a highly frequent disease with an impact on quality of life and several treatment options with little clinical confirmatory evidence. OBJECTIVE To disseminate the recommendations of Brazilian dermatologists with expertise in the treatment of alopecia areata. METHODS Eight specialists with expertise in alopecia areata from different university centers were appointed by the Brazilian Society of Dermatology to reach a consensus on its treatment. Based on the adapted DELPHI methodology, the relevant elements were considered; then, an analysis of recent literature was carried out and the consensus was written down. Consensus on the management of alopecia areata was defined with the approval of at least 70% of the panel. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Intralesional injectable corticotherapy was considered the first option for localized disease in adults. In extensive cases with signs of activity, systemic corticosteroid therapy should be considered and can be used together with immunosuppressants (corticosteroid-sparing agents). The use of an immunosensitizer (diphencyprone) is an option for stable long-term cases. Evaluation of side effects is as important as the rate of hair regrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Müller Ramos
- Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Anzai
- Department of Dermatology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Duque-Estrada
- Centro de Estudos dos Cabelos, Instituto de Dermatologia Prof. Rubem David Azulay, Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fernandes Melo
- Department of Dermatology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flavia Sternberg
- Department of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leopoldo Duailibe Nogueira Santos
- Department of Medicine, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lorena Dourado Alves
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Dermatology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
113
|
Pfeffer T, Lignelli E, Inoue H, Mižíková I, Surate Solaligue DE, Steenbock H, Myti D, Vadász I, Herold S, Seeger W, Brinckmann J, Morty RE. Minoxidil Cannot Be Used To Target Lysyl Hydroxylases during Postnatal Mouse Lung Development: A Cautionary Note. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:478-487. [PMID: 33020194 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysyl hydroxylases (procollagen-lysine 5-dioxygenases) PLOD1, PLOD2, and PLOD3 have been proposed as pathogenic mediators of stunted lung development in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a common complication of preterm birth. In affected infants, pulmonary oxygen toxicity stunts lung development. Mice lacking Plod1 exhibit 15% mortality, and mice lacking Plod2 or Plod3 exhibit embryonic lethality. Therefore, to address any pathogenic role of lysyl hydroxylases in stunted lung development associated with BPD, minoxidil was administered to newborn mice in an oxygen toxicity-based BPD animal model. Minoxidil, which has attracted much interest in the management of systemic hypertension and androgenetic alopecia, can also be used to reduce lysyl hydroxylase activity in cultured cells. An in vivo pilot dosing study established 50 mg⋅kg-1⋅day-1 as the maximum possible minoxidil dose for intraperitoneal administration in newborn mouse pups. When administered at 50 mg⋅kg-1⋅day-1 to newborn mouse pups, minoxidil was detected in the lungs but did not impact lysine hydroxylation, collagen crosslinking, or lysyl hydroxylase expression in the lungs. Consistent with no impact on mouse lung extracellular matrix structures, minoxidil administration did not alter the course of normal or stunted lung development in newborn mice. At doses of up to 50 mg⋅kg⋅day-1, pharmacologically active concentrations of minoxidil were not achieved in neonatal mouse lung tissue; thus, minoxidil cannot be used to attenuate lysyl hydroxylase expression or activity during mouse lung development. These data also highlight the need for new and specific lysyl hydroxylase inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Extracellular matrix crosslinking is mediated by lysyl hydroxylases, which generate hydroxylated lysyl residues in procollagen peptides. Deregulated collagen crosslinking is a pathogenic component of a spectrum of diseases, and thus, there is interest in validating lysyl hydroxylases as pathogenic mediators of disease and potential "druggable" targets. Minoxidil, administered at the maximum possible dose, did not inhibit lysyl hydroxylation in newborn mouse lungs, suggesting that minoxidil was unlikely to be of use in studies that pharmacologically target lysyl hydroxylation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Pfeffer
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., W.S., R.E.M.); Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., I.V., S.H., W.S., R.E.M.); Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (H.I.); and Institute of Virology and Cell Biology (H.S., J.B.) and Department of Dermatology (J.B.), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ettore Lignelli
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., W.S., R.E.M.); Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., I.V., S.H., W.S., R.E.M.); Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (H.I.); and Institute of Virology and Cell Biology (H.S., J.B.) and Department of Dermatology (J.B.), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hajime Inoue
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., W.S., R.E.M.); Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., I.V., S.H., W.S., R.E.M.); Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (H.I.); and Institute of Virology and Cell Biology (H.S., J.B.) and Department of Dermatology (J.B.), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ivana Mižíková
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., W.S., R.E.M.); Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., I.V., S.H., W.S., R.E.M.); Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (H.I.); and Institute of Virology and Cell Biology (H.S., J.B.) and Department of Dermatology (J.B.), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - David E Surate Solaligue
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., W.S., R.E.M.); Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., I.V., S.H., W.S., R.E.M.); Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (H.I.); and Institute of Virology and Cell Biology (H.S., J.B.) and Department of Dermatology (J.B.), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heiko Steenbock
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., W.S., R.E.M.); Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., I.V., S.H., W.S., R.E.M.); Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (H.I.); and Institute of Virology and Cell Biology (H.S., J.B.) and Department of Dermatology (J.B.), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Despoina Myti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., W.S., R.E.M.); Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., I.V., S.H., W.S., R.E.M.); Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (H.I.); and Institute of Virology and Cell Biology (H.S., J.B.) and Department of Dermatology (J.B.), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - István Vadász
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., W.S., R.E.M.); Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., I.V., S.H., W.S., R.E.M.); Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (H.I.); and Institute of Virology and Cell Biology (H.S., J.B.) and Department of Dermatology (J.B.), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., W.S., R.E.M.); Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., I.V., S.H., W.S., R.E.M.); Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (H.I.); and Institute of Virology and Cell Biology (H.S., J.B.) and Department of Dermatology (J.B.), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., W.S., R.E.M.); Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., I.V., S.H., W.S., R.E.M.); Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (H.I.); and Institute of Virology and Cell Biology (H.S., J.B.) and Department of Dermatology (J.B.), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brinckmann
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., W.S., R.E.M.); Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., I.V., S.H., W.S., R.E.M.); Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (H.I.); and Institute of Virology and Cell Biology (H.S., J.B.) and Department of Dermatology (J.B.), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., W.S., R.E.M.); Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany (T.P., E.L., I.M., D.E.S.S., D.M., I.V., S.H., W.S., R.E.M.); Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan (H.I.); and Institute of Virology and Cell Biology (H.S., J.B.) and Department of Dermatology (J.B.), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka A, Kowalczyk K, Trybek P, Jarosz T, Radosz P, Setlak M, Madej P. In Search of New Therapeutics-Molecular Aspects of the PCOS Pathophysiology: Genetics, Hormones, Metabolism and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197054. [PMID: 32992734 PMCID: PMC7582580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In a healthy female reproductive system, a subtle hormonal and metabolic dance leads to repetitive cyclic changes in the ovaries and uterus, which make an effective ovulation and potential implantation of an embryo possible. However, that is not so in the case of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in which case the central mechanism responsible for entraining hormonal and metabolic rhythms during the menstrual cycle is notably disrupted. In this review we provide a detailed description of the possible scenario of PCOS pathogenesis. We begin from the analysis of how a set of genetic disorders related to PCOS leads to particular malfunctions at a molecular level (e.g., increased enzyme activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP) type 17A1 (17α-hydroxylase), 3β-HSD type II and CYP type 11A1 (side-chain cleavage enzyme) in theca cells, or changes in the expression of aquaporins in granulosa cells) and discuss further cellular- and tissue-level consequences (e.g., anovulation, elevated levels of the advanced glycation end products in ovaries), which in turn lead to the observed subsequent systemic symptoms. Since gene-editing therapy is currently out of reach, herein special emphasis is placed on discussing what kinds of drug targets and which potentially active substances seem promising for an effective medication, acting on the primary causes of PCOS on a molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-237-12-85
| | - Karolina Kowalczyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (P.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Paulina Trybek
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Jarosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Radosz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (P.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Marcin Setlak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Paweł Madej
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (P.R.); (P.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Efficacy and Safety of Oral Minoxidil 5 mg Once Daily in the Treatment of Male Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia: An Open-Label and Global Photographic Assessment. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2020; 10:1345-1357. [PMID: 32970299 PMCID: PMC7649170 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-020-00448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral minoxidil is an antihypertensive vasodilator known to stimulate hair growth. The use of low-dose oral minoxidil for the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is receiving increasing attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral minoxidil for the treatment of male AGA. Methods This was an open-label, prospective, single-arm study. Thirty men aged 24–59 years with AGA types III vertex to V were treated with oral minoxidil 5 mg once daily for 24 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated by hair counts, hair diameter measurements, photographic assessment, and self-administered questionnaire. The safety of the treatment was closely monitored by means of physical examinations and laboratory investigations. Results There was a significant increase in total hair counts from baseline at weeks 12 (mean change + 26, range 182.5–208.5 hairs/cm2) and 24 (mean change + 35.1, range 182.5–217.6 hairs/cm2) (both p = 0.007). Photographic assessment of the vertex area by an expert panel revealed 100% improvement (score > + 1), with 43% of patients showing excellent improvement (score + 3, 71–100% increase). The frontal area also showed a significant response but less than that of the vertex area. Common side effects were hypertrichosis (93% of patients) and pedal edema (10%). No serious cardiovascular adverse events and abnormal laboratory findings were observed. Conclusion Oral minoxidil 5 mg once daily effectively increased hair growth in our male patients with AGA and had a good safety profile in healthy subjects. However, oral minoxidil should be used carefully with men who have severe hypertension and increased risk for cardiovascular events. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13555-020-00448-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
116
|
Low ZY, Farouk IA, Lal SK. Drug Repositioning: New Approaches and Future Prospects for Life-Debilitating Diseases and the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak. Viruses 2020; 12:E1058. [PMID: 32972027 PMCID: PMC7551028 DOI: 10.3390/v12091058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, drug discovery utilises a de novo design approach, which requires high cost and many years of drug development before it reaches the market. Novel drug development does not always account for orphan diseases, which have low demand and hence low-profit margins for drug developers. Recently, drug repositioning has gained recognition as an alternative approach that explores new avenues for pre-existing commercially approved or rejected drugs to treat diseases aside from the intended ones. Drug repositioning results in lower overall developmental expenses and risk assessments, as the efficacy and safety of the original drug have already been well accessed and approved by regulatory authorities. The greatest advantage of drug repositioning is that it breathes new life into the novel, rare, orphan, and resistant diseases, such as Cushing's syndrome, HIV infection, and pandemic outbreaks such as COVID-19. Repositioning existing drugs such as Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Ivermectin and Baricitinib shows good potential for COVID-19 treatment. This can crucially aid in resolving outbreaks in urgent times of need. This review discusses the past success in drug repositioning, the current technological advancement in the field, drug repositioning for personalised medicine and the ongoing research on newly emerging drugs under consideration for the COVID-19 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yao Low
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (Z.Y.L.); (I.A.F.)
| | - Isra Ahmad Farouk
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (Z.Y.L.); (I.A.F.)
| | - Sunil Kumar Lal
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (Z.Y.L.); (I.A.F.)
- Tropical Medicine & Biology Platform, Monash University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Rica Echevarría I, García Del Monte J, Delgado Rubio A, Arcangeli F, Lotti T. Severe hypertrichosis in infants due to transdermic exposure to 5% and 7% topical minoxidil. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e14230. [PMID: 32844481 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report three cases of severe hypertrichosis in healthy infants, who did not present any type of endocrinological pathology and whose parents used topical minoxidil for the treatment of their baldness. Any type of direct application or administration of the product was ruled out. Hypertrichosis is considered to have occurred through skin-to-skin contact with the parent, and even through fomites. Given the widespread use of topical minoxidil, it is likely that this etiology of childhood hypertrichosis is underdiagnosed and that it sometimes leads to minimal forms that go unnoticed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabio Arcangeli
- Department of Dermatology, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Torello Lotti
- Department of Dermatology, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Tan PC, Zhang PQ, Xie Y, Gao YM, Li QF, Zhou SB, Liu Q, Liu K. Autologous Concentrated Growth Factors Combined with Topical Minoxidil for the Treatment of Male Androgenetic Alopecia: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2020; 23:255-262. [PMID: 32833539 DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2020.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Minoxidil (MXD) is an U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for the topical treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) with minor side effects, but its hair growth (HG) effect is unsatisfactory. Methods: A double-blinded within-subjects randomized clinical trial was conducted on 16 male AGA patients who showed limited improvement after MXD treatment. Eligible participants received three concentrated growth factor (CGF) injections on half of the scalp and the placebo on the other side at 4-week intervals, and MXD was applied twice daily on both sides throughout the follow-up period. The primary endpoint was the HG ratio at V4. The secondary endpoints included the HG ratios at V2, V3, and V5; hair density and T/V ratio at V2, V3, V4, and V5; Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) scores at V4 and V5; and participant satisfaction at V4. Results: Each group included 16 subjects; each half of the scalp was randomly assigned to the MXD+CGF or MXD group. The HG ratio at V4 was higher in the MXD+CGF group than in the MXD group. The MXD+CGF group had significant improvements in hair density, HG ratio, and T/V ratio compared with the MXD group over the follow-up period. The GAIS scores and participant satisfaction were higher in the MXD+CGF group than in the MXD group. Unexpectedly, the MXD+CGF treatment hastened HG, which was sustained for 3 months after discontinuation. No severe adverse events occurred. Conclusions: The combined treatment of MXD and CGF is safe and more efficient for AGA patients. Combining CGF can expedite the potency of MXD and provide patients with fast and lasting HG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poh-Ching Tan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yun Xie
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ming Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Feng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shuang-Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
LC–MS bioanalytical method for simultaneous determination of latanoprost and minoxidil in the skin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 187:113373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
120
|
Maged A, Mahmoud AA, Salah S, Abd-elmonsif NM, Ghorab MM. Spray-Dried Rosuvastatin Nanoparticles for Promoting Hair Growth. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:205. [PMID: 32715367 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, we examined the effect of rosuvastatin calcium-loaded nanoparticles on the hair growth-promoting activity on Albino rats. Nanoparticles were prepared using 2:1 weight ratio of drug to methyl-β-cyclodextrin with 10, 20, and 30% stabilizers (phospholipid, polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30, and Compritol 888 ATO) using nanospray dryer. Subsequently, the prepared nanoparticles were evaluated for their process yield, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and in vitro drug release as well as in vivo studies. The dried nanoparticles showed process yield values up to 84% with particle size values ranging from 218 to 6258 nm, polydispersity index values ranging from 0.32 to 0.99, and zeta potential values ranging from - 6.1 to - 11.9 mV. Combination of methyl-β-cyclodextrin with 10% polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 accomplished nanoparticles with the lowest particle size (218 nm) and polydispersity index (0.32) values. These nanoparticles had suitable process yield value (70.5%) and were able to retard drug release. The hair growth-promoting activity for the selected nanoparticles revealed the highest hair length values in Albino rats after 14 days of the hair growth study compared with non-medicated nanoparticles, nanoparticles' physical mixture, rosuvastatin solution, and marketed minoxidil preparation groups as well as the control group. The immunohistochemistry images for both selected nanoparticles and marketed minoxidil groups showed a significant increase in the diameter of hair follicle and percent area fraction of cytokeratin 19 in the outer root sheath of hair follicle compared with other tested groups. Rosuvastatin nanoparticles prepared by nanospray drying technique could be a good competitor to minoxidil for hair growth-promoting activity. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
|
121
|
Anderson ZT, Palmer JW, Idris MI, Villavicencio KM, Le G, Cowart J, Weinstein DE, Harris ML. Topical RT1640 treatment effectively reverses gray hair and stem cell loss in a mouse model of radiation‐induced canities. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 34:89-100. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoya T. Anderson
- Department of Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - Joseph W. Palmer
- Department of Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - Misgana I. Idris
- Department of Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | | | - Giang Le
- Department of Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - Jaelyn Cowart
- Department of Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | | | - Melissa L. Harris
- Department of Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Chai M, Jiang M, Vergnes L, Fu X, de Barros SC, Doan NB, Huang W, Chu J, Jiao J, Herschman H, Crooks GM, Reue K, Huang J. Stimulation of Hair Growth by Small Molecules that Activate Autophagy. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3413-3421.e3. [PMID: 31216464 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair plays important roles, ranging from the conservation of body heat to the preservation of psychological well-being. Hair loss or alopecia affects millions worldwide, but methods that can be used to regrow hair are lacking. We report that quiescent (telogen) hair follicles can be stimulated to initiate anagen and hair growth by small molecules that activate autophagy, including the metabolites α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and α-ketobutyrate (α-KB), and the prescription drugs rapamycin and metformin, which impinge on mTOR and AMPK signaling. Stimulation of hair growth by these agents is blocked by specific autophagy inhibitors, suggesting a mechanistic link between autophagy and hair regeneration. Consistently, increased autophagy is detected upon anagen entry during the natural hair follicle cycle, and oral α-KB prevents hair loss in aged mice. Our finding that anagen can be pharmacologically activated in telogen skin when natural anagen-inducing signal(s) are absent has implications for the treatment of hair loss patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chai
- Molecular Biology Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Meisheng Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xudong Fu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stéphanie C de Barros
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ngan B Doan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wilson Huang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jessie Chu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jing Jiao
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Harvey Herschman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gay M Crooks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Azam C, Durrieu G, Deuilhe E, Lafaurie M. Amlodipine and perindopril-induced hypertrichosis in a six-year-old girl: A case report. Therapie 2020; 76:481-483. [PMID: 32653092 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Azam
- Service de pharmacologie médicale et clinique, faculté de médecine, centre régional de pharmacovigilance, de pharmacoépidémiologie et d'informations sur le médicament, CHU, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Geneviève Durrieu
- Service de pharmacologie médicale et clinique, faculté de médecine, centre régional de pharmacovigilance, de pharmacoépidémiologie et d'informations sur le médicament, CHU, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Margaux Lafaurie
- Service de pharmacologie médicale et clinique, faculté de médecine, centre régional de pharmacovigilance, de pharmacoépidémiologie et d'informations sur le médicament, CHU, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Barbareschi M, Vescovi V, Starace M, Piraccini BM, Milani M. Propylene glycol free 5% minoxidil lotion formulation: cosmetic acceptability, local tolerability, clinical efficacy and in-vitro skin absorption evaluations. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2020; 155:341-345. [PMID: 32635707 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.20.06554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new propylene glycol (PG)-free 5% minoxidil (Mnx) lotion has been recently commercialized. Aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability/tolerability and clinical efficacy of 3-month application of this new PG-free Mnx lotion and the penetration of the active compound in a reconstructed human epidermis (RHE/Episkin) model in comparison with a PG Mnx 5% lotion. METHODS Thirty subjects of both sex with a diagnosis of AGA were enrolled in the trial. Cosmetic acceptability and clinical efficacy were evaluated after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. Global tolerability was evaluated at week 12. Cosmetic acceptability evaluation was assessed using a 7-item questionnaire using a 10-point scale score. Global Tolerability was evaluated with a 4-grade scale. Clinical efficacy was evaluated with a 5-grade scale. Skin absorption of PG-free Mnx was evaluated and compared with a PG Mnx solution using the Episkin model. RESULTS All subjects concluded the study. The 7-item questionnaire mean values were always <2 at each time-point evaluation, demonstrating high cosmetic acceptability/tolerability. No subjects reported burning, itching or redness sensations. Global Tolerability score mean±SD value was 1.7±0.4. Clinical efficacy scores were 0.4, 0.6 and 1.2 at week 4, 8 and 12, respectively. PG-free Mnx showed similar amount of absorbed dose in comparison with PG Mnx. CONCLUSIONS This new PG-free lotion shows a very good cosmetic acceptability/tolerability profile. Clinical efficacy was also documented. The skin penetration of this formulation is comparable to the PG Mnx lotion, supporting the bioequivalence of the two products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michela Starace
- Department of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Milani
- Cantabria Labs Difa Cooper, Caronno Pertusella, Varese, Italy -
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Oral minoxidil treatment for hair loss: A review of efficacy and safety. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 84:737-746. [PMID: 32622136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.06.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although topical minoxidil is an effective treatment option for hair loss, many patients are poorly compliant because of the necessity to apply the medication twice a day, undesirable hair texture, and scalp irritation. OBJECTIVE In recent years, oral minoxidil at low dose has been proposed as a safe alternative. This study reviewed articles in which oral minoxidil was used to treat hair loss to determine its efficacy and safety as an alternative to topical minoxidil. METHODS PubMed searches were performed to identify articles discussing oral minoxidil as the primary form of treatment for hair loss published up to April 2020. RESULTS A total of 17 studies with 634 patients were found discussing the use of oral minoxidil as the primary treatment modality for hair loss. Androgenetic alopecia was the most studied condition, but other conditions included telogen effluvium, lichen planopilaris, loose anagen hair syndrome, monilethrix, alopecia areata, and permanent chemotherapy-induced alopecia. LIMITATIONS Larger randomized studies comparing the efficacy/safety of different doses with standardized objective measurements will be needed to clarify the best treatment protocol. CONCLUSION Oral minoxidil was found to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment alternative for healthy patients having difficulty with topical formulations.
Collapse
|
126
|
Kim SM, Kang JI, Yoon HS, Choi YK, Go JS, Oh SK, Ahn M, Kim J, Koh YS, Hyun JW, Yoo ES, Kang HK. HNG, A Humanin Analogue, Promotes Hair Growth by Inhibiting Anagen-to-Catagen Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124553. [PMID: 32604799 PMCID: PMC7348781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle goes through repetitive cycles including anagen, catagen, and telogen. The interaction of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and keratinocytes regulates the hair cycle and hair growth. Humanin was discovered in the surviving brain cells of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. HNG, a humanin analogue, activates cell growth, proliferation, and cell cycle progression, and it protects cells from apoptosis. This study was performed to investigate the promoting effect and action mechanisms of HNG on hair growth. HNG significantly increased DPC proliferation. HNG significantly increased hair shaft elongation in vibrissa hair follicle organ culture. In vivo experiment showed that HNG prolonged anagen duration and inhibited hair follicle cell apoptosis, indicating that HNG inhibited the transition from the anagen to catagen phase mice. Furthermore, HNG activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2, Akt, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat3) within minutes and up-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels on DPCs. This means that HNG could induce the anagen phase longer by up-regulating VEGF, which is a Stat3 target gene and one of the anagen maintenance factors. HNG stimulated the anagen phase longer with VEGF up-regulation, and it prevented apoptosis by activating Erk1/2, Akt, and Stat3 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.M.K.); (J.-I.K.); (H.-S.Y.); (Y.K.C.); (J.S.G.); (S.K.O.); (Y.S.K.); (J.W.H.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Jung-Il Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.M.K.); (J.-I.K.); (H.-S.Y.); (Y.K.C.); (J.S.G.); (S.K.O.); (Y.S.K.); (J.W.H.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Hoon-Seok Yoon
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.M.K.); (J.-I.K.); (H.-S.Y.); (Y.K.C.); (J.S.G.); (S.K.O.); (Y.S.K.); (J.W.H.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Youn Kyung Choi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.M.K.); (J.-I.K.); (H.-S.Y.); (Y.K.C.); (J.S.G.); (S.K.O.); (Y.S.K.); (J.W.H.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Ji Soo Go
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.M.K.); (J.-I.K.); (H.-S.Y.); (Y.K.C.); (J.S.G.); (S.K.O.); (Y.S.K.); (J.W.H.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Sun Kyung Oh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.M.K.); (J.-I.K.); (H.-S.Y.); (Y.K.C.); (J.S.G.); (S.K.O.); (Y.S.K.); (J.W.H.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea;
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea;
| | - Young Sang Koh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.M.K.); (J.-I.K.); (H.-S.Y.); (Y.K.C.); (J.S.G.); (S.K.O.); (Y.S.K.); (J.W.H.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.M.K.); (J.-I.K.); (H.-S.Y.); (Y.K.C.); (J.S.G.); (S.K.O.); (Y.S.K.); (J.W.H.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Yoo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.M.K.); (J.-I.K.); (H.-S.Y.); (Y.K.C.); (J.S.G.); (S.K.O.); (Y.S.K.); (J.W.H.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.M.K.); (J.-I.K.); (H.-S.Y.); (Y.K.C.); (J.S.G.); (S.K.O.); (Y.S.K.); (J.W.H.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3846; Fax: +82-64-702-2687
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Sharma AN, Michelle L, Juhasz M, Muller Ramos P, Atanaskova Mesinkovska N. Low-dose oral minoxidil as treatment for non-scarring alopecia: a systematic review. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:1013-1019. [PMID: 32516434 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical minoxidil has been used for almost 40 years to treat alopecia. There is growing evidence supporting off-label use of low-dose oral minoxidil. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review evaluating the use of oral minoxidil for all types of alopecia. METHODS A primary literature search was conducted using PubMed in May 2019, utilizing the search term "oral minoxidil AND (hair loss OR alopecia OR baldness)". Reviews, non-English studies, and articles concerning only topical minoxidil were excluded. RESULTS Ten articles were included for review comprising a total 19,218 patients (215 women and 19,003 men). Oral minoxidil dose ranged from 0.25 to 5 mg daily to twice daily. The strongest evidence existed for androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata (AA), with 61-100% and 18-82.4% of patients demonstrating objective clinical improvement. Successful treatment of female pattern hair loss, chronic telogen effluvium, monilethrix, and permanent chemotherapy-induced alopecia was also reported. The most common adverse effects with oral minoxidil included hypertrichosis and postural hypotension. CONCLUSION Oral minoxidil is a safe and successful treatment of androgenic alopecia and AA. In addition to its therapeutic benefits, practical advantages over topical minoxidil stem from improved patient compliance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay N Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Michelle
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Margit Juhasz
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
128
|
Venkatesh R, Pereira A, Jain K, Yadav NK. Minoxidil induced central serous Chorioretinopathy treated with oral Eplerenone - a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:219. [PMID: 32503484 PMCID: PMC7275492 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Minoxidil solution has routinely been used for decades for the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a rare side-effect noted following prolonged topical minoxidil therapy for androgenic alopecia. In this report, we describe a case of a 41-year-old young man who developed CSCR following prolonged therapy with topical Minoxidil solution and was treated with oral eplerenone. Case presentation A 41-year-old male presented to the retina clinic with complaints of seeing a black spot, blurred vision and metamorphopsia involving the right eye for the past 4 months. He was on treatment for androgenic alopecia with topical 5% Minoxidil application on scalp two times a day. He noticed the symptoms 8 months after starting the treatment and had stopped the medication since the past 2 months. On examination, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Fundoscopic examination of the right eye with +78D lens on slit lamp revealed the presence of subretinal fluid and few focal spots of retinal pigment epithelial alterations. Optical coherence tomography scan evaluation showed the presence of subretinal fluid (SRF) and pachychoroid supporting the diagnosis of CSCR. Indocyanine green angiography revealed dilated hyperpermeable choroidal vasculature on the nasal side of the fovea in the early and later phases of the angiogram. The patient was diagnosed with CSCR as a possible consequence of the topical minoxidil solution. Patient was asked to avoid future use of Minoxidil and was started on oral eplerenone therapy 50 mg/day for 4 consecutive weeks. One month later, there was complete resolution of his symptoms and SRF. At the final follow-up visit, 2 months after starting the therapy, there was no recurrence of SRF. Conclusion CSCR is a rare side-effect noted following prolonged topical minoxidil therapy for androgenic alopecia. While we found oral eplerenone to be safe and effective, further studies would be required before it can be routinely used in the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Venkatesh
- Department of Retina & Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, 121/C, Chord Road, 1st 'R' Block, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, 560010, India.
| | - Arpitha Pereira
- Department of Retina & Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, 121/C, Chord Road, 1st 'R' Block, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, 560010, India
| | - Kushagra Jain
- Department of Retina & Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, 121/C, Chord Road, 1st 'R' Block, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, 560010, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Retina & Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, 121/C, Chord Road, 1st 'R' Block, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, 560010, India
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Maqoud F, Zizzo N, Mele A, Denora N, Passantino G, Scala R, Cutrignelli A, Tinelli A, Laquintana V, la Forgia F, Fontana S, Franco M, Lopedota AA, Tricarico D. The hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-minoxidil inclusion complex improves the cardiovascular and proliferative adverse effects of minoxidil in male rats: Implications in the treatment of alopecia. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00585. [PMID: 32378360 PMCID: PMC7203570 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of minoxidil (MXD) ethanolic solutions (1%-5% w/v) in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia is limited by adverse reactions. The toxicological effects of repeated topical applications of escalating dose (0.035%-3.5% w/v) and of single and twice daily doses (3.5% w/v) of a novel hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin MXD GEL formulation (MXD/HP-β-CD) and a MXD solution were investigated in male rats. The cardiovascular effects were evaluated by telemetric monitoring of ECG and arterial pressure in free-moving rats. Ultrasonographic evaluation of cardiac morphology and function, and histopathological and biochemical analysis of the tissues, were performed. A pharmacovigilance investigation was undertaken using the EudraVigilance database for the evaluation of the potential cancer-related effects of topical MXD. Following the application of repeated escalating doses of MXD solution, cardiac hypertrophy, hypotension, enhanced serum natriuretic peptides and K+ -ion levels, serum liver biomarkers, and histological lesions including renal cancer were observed. In addition, the administration of a twice daily dose of MXD solution, at SF rat vs human = 311, caused reductions in the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure of the rats (-30.76 ± 3%, -28.84 ± 4%, and -30.66 ± 5%, respectively, vs the baseline; t test P < .05). These effects were not reversible following washout of the MXD solution. Retrospective investigation showed 32 cases of cancer associated with the use of topical MXD in humans. The rats treated with MXD HP-β-CD were less severely affected. MXD causes proliferative adverse effects. The MXD HP-β-CD inclusion complex reduces these adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Maqoud
- Section of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Anatomy PathologyDepartment of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Antonietta Mele
- Section of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Giuseppe Passantino
- Anatomy PathologyDepartment of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Rosa Scala
- Section of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Antonella Tinelli
- Anatomy PathologyDepartment of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Flavia la Forgia
- Farmalabor s.r.I.Centro di Ricerca “Dr. Sergio Fontana 1900‐1982”Canosa di PugliaItaly
| | - Sergio Fontana
- Farmalabor s.r.I.Centro di Ricerca “Dr. Sergio Fontana 1900‐1982”Canosa di PugliaItaly
| | - Massimo Franco
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Trial Comparing Platelet-Rich Plasma to Topical Minoxidil Foam for Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia in Women. Dermatol Surg 2020; 46:826-832. [DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
131
|
Cocchetti C, Ristori J, Romani A, Maggi M, Fisher AD. Hormonal Treatment Strategies Tailored to Non-Binary Transgender Individuals. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061609. [PMID: 32466485 PMCID: PMC7356977 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To date no standardized hormonal treatment protocols for non-binary transgender individuals have been described in the literature and there is a lack of data regarding their efficacy and safety. Objectives: To suggest possible treatment strategies for non-binary transgender individuals with non-standardized requests and to emphasize the importance of a personalized clinical approach. Methods: A narrative review of pertinent literature on gender-affirming hormonal treatment in transgender persons was performed using PubMed. Results: New hormonal treatment regimens outside those reported in current guidelines should be considered for non-binary transgender individuals, in order to improve psychological well-being and quality of life. In the present review we suggested the use of hormonal and non-hormonal compounds, which—based on their mechanism of action—could be used in these cases depending on clients’ requests. Conclusion: Requests for an individualized hormonal treatment in non-binary transgender individuals represent a future challenge for professionals managing transgender health care. For each case, clinicians should balance the benefits and risks of a personalized non-standardized treatment, actively involving the person in decisions regarding hormonal treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Cocchetti
- Andrology, Women’s Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Florence University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.C); (J.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Jiska Ristori
- Andrology, Women’s Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Florence University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.C); (J.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessia Romani
- Andrology, Women’s Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Florence University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.C); (J.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Mario Maggi
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Daphne Fisher
- Andrology, Women’s Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Florence University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.C); (J.R.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Kim D, Park S. Pharmacological therapeutics in androgenetic alopecia. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2020. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2020.63.5.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss and affects both men and women. Male pattern hair loss shows characteristic frontal recession and vertex baldness, whereas female pattern hair loss produces diffuse alopecia over the mid-frontal scalp. AGA is mediated by increased androgen susceptibility in affected scalp hairs. 5α-Reductase converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, a potent androgen, in the scalp. Both androgen receptors and 5α-reductase have higher expression levels in the balding scalp than in non-affected regions. Increased androgen susceptibility induces hair follicle miniaturization, which leads to the progressive loss of thicker terminal hairs in the balding scalp. Currently, topical minoxidil and oral 5α-reductase inhibitors, such as finasteride and dutasteride, are approved options for the pharmacological treatment of AGA. Topical minoxidil remains the mainstay of therapy for mild to moderate AGA in both men and women. The daily intake of 1-mg finasteride or 0.5-mg dutasteride shows better efficacy than topical minoxidil in regard to hair regrowth in male AGA. Anti-androgens can be used in female AGA wit clinical and biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism. Patients may be overwhelmed and confused by the variety of treatment options for AGA management, including over-the-count drugs with low evidence quality. Therefore, physicians must be aware of the current guidelines for the management of AGA based on evidence-based approaches to select better options for patients.
Collapse
|
133
|
Effect of High-Dose Topical Minoxidil on Erythrocyte Quality in SKH1 Hairless Mice. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040731. [PMID: 32340110 PMCID: PMC7222831 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In any animal species, involuntary exposure to unknown agents may increase genetic material damage. This genetic damage can also induce the appearance of diseases such as cancer or other pathologies, including problems that can be passed on to the offspring of the damaged individual. For instance, living organisms may be affected due to the use of medications or exposure to certain chemical, physical, or biological agents which cause cell failure. This impaired function acts as an indicator that helps identify and evaluate damage in order to avoid or minimize it. In this work, excessive doses of a cosmetic drug for topical use in dermatological treatments, known as minoxidil, produced defects in the blood of hairless mice, particularly in red cells, indicating loss of DNA, a situation that may compromise life or the offspring by causing damage to their genetic material. It is important to consider that compounds may be tissue- or species-specific, although we cannot rule out the possibility that similar damage could occur in other animal species. Thus, excessive exposure to this compound should be prevented. Abstract SKH1 hairless mice are widely used in carcinogenesis and dermatology research due to their bare skin, as exposure to different agents is facilitated. Minoxidil is a cosmetic drug that is recognized as a mitogenic agent, and mitogens are suggested to have carcinogenic and mutagenic potential by inducing cell division and increasing the possibility of perpetuating DNA damage. Therefore, we hypothesized that the application of high doses of minoxidil to the skin of hairless mice would increase the number of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNEs) in peripheral blood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the topical administration of high doses of minoxidil on peripheral blood erythrocytes of SKH1 mice by means of micronucleus assay. Minoxidil was administered on the entire body surface of mice every 12 or 24 h. Minoxidil dosing every 24 h increased the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs), and dosing every 12 h increased the number of MNEs and MNPCEs, as compared to baseline and the negative control group. No decrease in polychromatic erythrocyte frequencies was observed in the minoxidil groups. Therefore, topical application of high minoxidil doses to mice can produce DNA damage, as observed through an increase in the number of MNEs, without producing cytotoxicity, possibly due to its mitogenic effect.
Collapse
|
134
|
|
135
|
York K, Meah N, Bhoyrul B, Sinclair R. A review of the treatment of male pattern hair loss. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:603-612. [PMID: 32066284 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1721463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia is a common hair loss disorder affecting up to 80% of males by the age of 80. It is characterized by androgen related progressive thinning of hair in a defined pattern. It results in diminished self-esteem, reduced confidence and distress in affected men, irrespective of age or stage of baldness. An effective treatment for hair baldness is needed.Areas covered: In androgenetic alopecia, hair follicles undergo progressive miniaturization. Genetic factors and androgens are key role-players in disease pathogenesis. Herein the authors review the pharmacologic treatment of androgenetic alopecia, which involves 5 alpha reductase inhibitors, minoxidil and prostaglandins. Non-pharmacologic approaches are also explored.Expert opinion: Androgenetic alopecia progresses over time and although the current available medical treatments like finasteride and minoxidil are effective in arresting the progression of the disease, they allow only partial regrowth of hair at its best. Early treatment achieves a more optimal outcome. Non-pharmacologic treatments like PRP can be considered in patients refractory to medical treatment.Abbreviations: MPHL: male pattern hair loss; AGA: androgenetic alopecia; DHT: dihydrotestosterone; 5AR: 5-alpha-reductase; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; PG's: prostaglandins (PG's); PGD2R: prostaglandin D2 receptor; VPA: valproic aid; SR: Serenoa Repens; PRP: platelet-rich plasma; PDGF: platelet derived growth factor; TGF: transforming growth factor; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; PKB: protein kinase B; LLLT: low-level laser therapy; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RCT: randomized control trial; SFRP1: secreted frizzled related protein 1; DP: dermal papilla; PDE5: phosphodiesterase 5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nekma Meah
- Sinclair Dermatology, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bevin Bhoyrul
- Sinclair Dermatology, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
136
|
Starace M, Orlando G, Alessandrini A, Piraccini BM. Female Androgenetic Alopecia: An Update on Diagnosis and Management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2020; 21:69-84. [PMID: 31677111 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-019-00479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Female androgenetic alopecia (FAGA) is a common cause of non-scarring alopecia in women. The onset may be at any age following puberty and the frequency increases with age. Clinically, it shows a diffuse hair thinning over the central scalp, while the frontal hairline is usually retained. FAGA can have a significant psychological impact, leading to anxiety and depression. For this reason, early diagnosis is very important to stop the progression of the disease. The sex hormonal milieu is the main pathogenetic mechanism studied in FAGA. The role of androgens is not clearly defined and only one-third of women with FAGA show abnormal androgen levels. Endocrinological diseases with hyperandrogenism associated with FAGA comprise polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), hyperprolactinemia, adrenal hyperplasia and, rarely, ovarian and adrenal tumours. Usually the diagnosis of FAGA is made clinically. A complete clinical examination and a blood examination can reveal other signs of hyperandrogenism. Trichoscopy shows the typical hair miniaturization. A scalp biopsy can be useful when the clinical evaluation does not provide a definitive diagnosis or when cicatricial alopecias with hair loss in the distribution of FAGA or alopecia areata are suspected. FAGA is a slowly progressive disease. The goal of therapy is to stop the progression and to induce a cosmetically acceptable hair regrowth. The most important drugs are topical minoxidil and oral anti-androgens. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on FAGA and to create a guideline on diagnosis and management of this frequent hair disease, not always easily recognizable from cicatricial alopecias with a similar distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Starace
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, V. Massarenti 1, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gloria Orlando
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Aurora Alessandrini
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, V. Massarenti 1, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, V. Massarenti 1, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Van Neste D. Placebo-controlled dose-effect studies with topical minoxidil 2% or 5% in male-patterned hair loss treated with oral finasteride employing an analytical and exhaustive study protocol. Skin Res Technol 2020; 26:542-557. [PMID: 31957152 PMCID: PMC7497182 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Drug trials for male‐pattern hair loss (MPHL) did not investigate hair cycling. Materials and Methods Male‐pattern hair loss volunteers (n = 22) took oral finasteride 1 mg daily with randomly either MTS5% or control lotion (1 mL/d). After 12 months on oral drug, 14 were randomized for a dose‐effect study of topical minoxidil 2% or 5%. Each 3‐month “on‐lotion” was followed by a 3‐month “off‐lotion.” Results Exogen release and anagen initiation from pre‐existing but functionally deficient follicles occurred mainly during combined dug treatment. Anagen initiation by topical minoxidil 5% could not be maintained by oral finasteride. As compared with control males, the compound index of hair growth raised from 30% at baseline up to 60% within 3 months of combined drug regimen which is better than oral drug only (no change) but still far beyond normalization of productivity (considered as 100%). There was no obvious transformation of miniaturized hair follicles into terminal hair‐producing follicles, and the activation of miniaturized hair follicles was not clinically relevant (slow growth and short duration of anagen). Conclusions Benefit with oral finasteride and topical 5% minoxidil (1 mL, 1 per day) resulted from initiation of anagen in deficient terminal follicles without increased growth rates.
Collapse
|
138
|
Protective Role of Nutritional Plants Containing Flavonoids in Hair Follicle Disruption: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020523. [PMID: 31947635 PMCID: PMC7013965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair loss is a disorder in which the hair falls out from skin areas such as the scalp and the body. Several studies suggest the use of herbal medicine to treat related disorders, including alopecia. Dermal microcirculation is essential for hair maintenance, and an insufficient blood supply can lead to hair follicles (HF) diseases. This work aims to provide an insight into the ethnohistorical records of some nutritional compounds containing flavonoids for their potential beneficial features in repairing or recovering from hair follicle disruption. We started from a query for “alopecia” OR “hair loss” AND “Panaxginseng C.A. Mey.“ (or other six botanicals) terms included in Pubmed and Web of Sciences articles. The activities of seven common botanicals introduced with diet (Panaxginseng C.A. Mey., Malus pumila Mill cultivar Annurca, Coffea arabica, Allium sativum L., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Rosmarinum officinalis L., Capsicum annum L.) are discussed, which are believed to reduce the rate of hair loss or stimulate new hair growth. In this review, we pay our attention on the molecular mechanisms underlying the bioactivity of the aforementioned nutritional compounds in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies. There is a need for systematic evaluation of the most commonly used plants to confirm their anti-hair loss power, identify possible mechanisms of action, and recommend their best adoption.
Collapse
|
139
|
Li A, Meng X, Xing X, Tan H, Liu J, Li C. Efficacy and Influence Factors of 308-nm Excimer Lamp with Minoxidil in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 52:761-767. [PMID: 31919885 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by T cell-mediated attack on the hair follicle. Although there are a wide range of therapies, the majority of them are not satisfactory due to side effects or limited efficacy. In this study, we sought to evaluate the efficacy, influence factors, and safety of 308-nm excimer lamp with minoxidil in the treatment of AA. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective, single-blinded, self-control study, using 308-nm excimer lamp with minoxidil for the treatment of AA. One selected alopecia lesion was divided into the control and treated side. Topical minoxidil (2% solution) was used on both sides, but 308-nm excimer lamp was only added to the treated side. The primary endpoint was the discrepancy of hair growth on each side. RESULTS A total of 38 patients (24 males and 14 females) with AA were enrolled in this study, and 34 of them (21 males and 13 females) completed the whole treatment. Thirty-two (94.2%) patients achieved clinical response, and 21 (44.1%) patients achieved with >50% hair regrowth on the treated side after a 12-week treatment. The hair number and diameter on the treated side had significantly increased compared with the control side with statistical differences. Hyperpigmentation and erythema occurred on the treated side of all the patients but they were considered tolerable. Patients of younger age or with smaller area of lesion had better effect. CONCLUSIONS The 308-nm excimer lamp with minoxidil therapy can be considered as an effective and safe treatment for single or multiple AA. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xianfu Meng
- Department of Dermatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiaojing Xing
- Department of Dermatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hong Tan
- Department of Dermatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Junlian Liu
- Department of Dermatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chengxin Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Kochar P, Nayak K, Thakkar S, Polaka S, Khunt D, Misra M. Exploring the potential of minoxidil tretinoin liposomal based hydrogel for topical delivery in the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2020; 39:43-53. [DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2019.1694032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Kochar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Kritika Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Shreya Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Suryanarayan Polaka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dignesh Khunt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Manju Misra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Ohko K, Nakajima K, Nakajima H, Hiraki Y, Kubota K, Fukao T, Miyatake S, Matsumoto N, Sano S. Skin and hair abnormalities of Cantu syndrome: A congenital hypertrichosis due to a genetic alteration mimicking the pharmacological effect of minoxidil. J Dermatol 2020; 47:306-310. [PMID: 31907964 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cantu syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder, first described by Cantu in 1982, that is characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, characteristic facial anomalies and cardiomegaly. Recent investigations have revealed that this syndrome is caused by mutations of ABCC9, which encodes a regulatory subunit of SUR2, an adenosine triphosphate-mediated potassium channel opener, expressed not only in smooth muscle but also in hair follicles. However, the abnormalities of skin and hair in patients with Cantu syndrome have not been well explored. We herein report three Japanese patients with Cantu syndrome and describe their specific skin manifestations and alterations in the histopathology of their hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Similar alterations were shared among those three patients and may be related to the function of SUR2, namely the regulation of hair follicle growth, because SUR2 is a known pharmacological target of minoxidil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ohko
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Kimiko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Yoko Hiraki
- Hiroshima Municipal Center for Child Health and Development, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Division of Clinical Genetics, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukao
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Division of Clinical Genetics, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Sano
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Ramos PM, Santos LDN, Mesinkovska NA, Goren A, Miot HA. Can we halt male androgenetic alopecia progression without antiandrogenic drugs? Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13197. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo M. Ramos
- Department of Dermatology and RadiotherapySão Paulo State University—UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Leopoldo D. N. Santos
- Department of MedicineSanta Casa of São Paulo School of Medicine São Paulo SP Brazil
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyMunicipal Public Servant Hospital of São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | | | - Hélio A. Miot
- Department of Dermatology and RadiotherapySão Paulo State University—UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Alcohol extract from Vernonia anthelmintica willd (L.) seed counteracts stress-induced murine hair follicle growth inhibition. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:372. [PMID: 31847849 PMCID: PMC6918677 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) willd is a traditional urgur herb in China for a long history. Its alcohol extract (AVE) has been proved to promote hair follicle growth in C57BL/6 mice. We conducted this study to investigate the hair-growth effects of AVE in stressed mice and its possible mechanism of action. METHODS The hair-follicle growth effects of AVE were examined by in vivo and in vitro study. We exposed C57BL/6 male mice to chronic restraint stress to induce murine hair follicle growth inhibition. The effects of AVE were examined by histological analysis, immunofluorescence for Ki67 and cytokeratin 19 immunoreactivity, western blot assay in tyrosinase and related proteins expressions and immunofluorescence for nerve fibers. In organ culture of mouse vibrissae follicles, we used substance P as a catagen-inducing factor of hair follicle growth, and measured the elongation of hair shafts and expression of neurokinin-1 receptor protein by application of AVE. RESULTS Our results showed that AVE counteract murine hair follicle growth inhibition caused by chronic restraint stress via inducing the conversion of telogen to anagen and inhibiting catagen premature, increasing bulb keratinocytes and bulge stem cells proliferation, promoting melanogenesis, and reducing the numbers of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide nerve fibers. Furthermore, AVE also counteracted murine hair follicle growth inhibition caused by substance P in organ culture. CONCLUSION These results suggest that AVE counteract stress-induced hair follicle growth inhibition in C57BL/6 mice in vivo and in vitro, and may be an effective new candidate for treatment of stress-induced hair loss.
Collapse
|
144
|
El-Garf A, Mohie M, Salah E. Trichogenic effect of topical ketoconazole versus minoxidil 2% in female pattern hair loss: a clinical and trichoscopic evaluation. BIOMEDICAL DERMATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41702-019-0046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is a common non-scaring alopecia. Topical minoxidil is the only approved treatment for FPHL; however, it has frequent side effects. Ketoconazole is an antifungal with anti-androgenic properties.
Methods
The aim of this work was to evaluate the safety and possible trichogenic effects of ketoconazole in FPHL. Patients were randomly assigned into Group A with 20 patients who received 2% topical minoxidil solution and Group B involving 20 patients who were treated by 2% topical ketoconazole preparation. All patients were treated for 6 months and evaluated clinically plus via trichoscopy. Side effects were recorded, and patients’ satisfaction was measured.
Results
Regarding hair growth, a significant difference was detected between baseline and at 4th and 6th months in Group A. While in Group B, the improvement was delayed until the 6th month. Only 10% of Group B reported side effects. Patients’ satisfaction did not differ between the two groups.
Conclusions
Topical ketoconazole mediates a trichogenic effect in FPHL with few side effects. However, ketoconazole showed a delayed improvement versus minoxidil at similar concentrations. Further studies should evaluate the efficacy of higher concentrations of ketoconazole solutions for FPHL which is a promising therapy.
Trial registration
IRB approval status: reviewed and approved by IRB of Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University; approval no. #3642
Collapse
|
145
|
Khattab FM, Bessar H. Accelerated hair growth by combining thread monofilament and minoxidil in female androgenetic alopecia. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:1738-1744. [PMID: 31789457 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monofilament thread therapy (PLLA) and minoxidil have been used as alternative treatments for female androgenetic alopecia. AIM The aim was to determine the efficacy and safety of thread therapy combined with minoxidil in female androgenetic alopecia. PATIENT AND METHODS Twenty-seven women were enrolled in this randomized half-split study based on a left-head to the right-head pattern. Thread therapy (PLLA) treatment was unilaterally performed (once); minoxidil was bilaterally applied for 6 months. Global photographs and dermoscopy assessments were performed in the baseline and every 2 months till the end of treatment. Global photographs underwent blinded review by three independent dermatologists. RESULTS Mean hair density increased from 114 ± 27 to 143 ± 25/cm2 (P < .001) in the combined group and from 113 ± 24 to 123 ± 19/cm2 in the minoxidil group (P < .001). The mean change from baseline between the two groups was also compared (P = .003). Global photographs showed improvement in 93% (25/27) patients in the combined group and 52% (14/27) patients in the minoxidil group. CONCLUSION Poly-l-lactic acid microthread therapy combined with minoxidil may improve hair density, hair thickness, and hair appearance better than minoxidil alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fathia M Khattab
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hagar Bessar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
FR – Minoxidil oral para el tratamiento de la alopecia androgénica femenina y otras alopecias. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2019; 110:861-862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
147
|
Pindado-Ortega C, Saceda-Corralo D, Vañó-Galván S. RF – Oral Minoxidil for Female Pattern Hair Loss and Other Alopecias. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
148
|
Kim HS, Kwon HK, Lee DH, Le TN, Park HJ, Kim MI. Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid)/Chitosan Hydrogel Nanoparticles For Effective Preservation And Delivery Of Fermented Herbal Extract For Enlarging Hair Bulb And Enhancing Hair Growth. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8409-8419. [PMID: 31695374 PMCID: PMC6816081 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s227514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hair growth-promoting herbal extract mixtures (4HGF) exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activities relevant to promoting hair growth; however, its efficacy in patients with hair loss has been limited majorly due to its low penetration ability into hair follicles. Herein, we prepared hydrogels via dropwise addition of poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) solution containing 4HGF into chitosan (CS) solution, resulting in quick formation of ~400 nm-sized hydrogel particles through electrostatic interaction-derived ionic gelation with over 50% encapsulation efficiency of 4HGF (PGA-4HGF). Methods The size and morphology of PGA-4HGF were characterized by TEM, SEM, and dynamic light scattering analyses. Encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of 4HGF within PGA-4HGF, as well as in vitro release profiles were determined by simply measuring the characteristic absorbance of 4HGF. Penetrating efficiency of PGA-4HGF was evaluated by tracking the respective fluorescence through model porcine skin with confocal laser microscope system. By treating PGA-4HGF on telogenic mice and dermal papilla cells (DPCs), we evaluated the size of hair bulbs in mice, as well as morphological changes in DPCs. Results Negligible and sustained release of entrapped 4HGF from the hydrogel nanoparticles were observed under acidic and physiological pH conditions, respectively, which is quite advantageous to control their release and prolong their hair growth-promoting effect. The hydrogel nanoparticles were penetrable through the porcine skin after incubation with or without shaking. After treating telogenic mice and DPCs with PGA-4HGF, we detected enlargement of hair bulbs and remarkable shape changes, respectively, thereby showing its potential in induction of hair growth. Conclusion These results suggest that the hydrogel nanoparticle formulation developed in this study can be employed as a potential approach for the preservation of hair growth-promoting compounds, their delivery of into hair follicles, and enhancing hair growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Su Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Kyoung Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Thao Nguyen Le
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Il Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Jeong WY, Kim S, Lee SY, Lee H, Han DW, Yang SY, Kim KS. Transdermal delivery of Minoxidil using HA-PLGA nanoparticles for the treatment in alopecia. Biomater Res 2019; 23:16. [PMID: 31695925 PMCID: PMC6824046 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-019-0164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia has become a very common disease that many people around the world are suffered. Minoxidil (MXD) is the most well-known commercialized drug in its treatment. However, in the case of MXD administration, there are some problems with low efficiency of transdermal delivery and additional side effects. METHOD MXD and Rhodamine B (Rho B) are encapsulated in poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide) grafted hyaluronate nanoparticles (HA-PLGA/MXD NPs, HA-PLGA/Rho B NPs) which is prepared with W/O/W solvent evaporation method. After then, the investigation is carried out to confirm the feasibility of NPs in alopecia treatment. RESULTS Both of HA-PLGA/MXD NPs and HA-PLGA/Rho B NPs are successfully prepared. In addition, it is confirmed that HA-PLGA NPs sufficiently delivered to cells without any significant cytotoxicity by cell viability, cellular uptake and skin permeation test. CONCLUSION Taken together, HA-PLGA NPs as a transdermal delivery carrier to hair follicle cells can be exploited to develop the efficient and effective platform of transdermal drug delivery for the treatment of various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Yeup Jeong
- Department of Organic Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Sodam Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, 1268-50 Samrangjin-ro, Miryang, 50463 Republic of Korea
| | - So Yun Lee
- Department of Organic Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeseon Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, 1268-50 Samrangjin-ro, Miryang, 50463 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Han
- Department of Optic-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yun Yang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, 1268-50 Samrangjin-ro, Miryang, 50463 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Su Kim
- Department of Organic Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Dicle Ö, Bilgic Temel A, Gülkesen KH. Platelet‐rich plasma injections in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia: A randomized placebo‐controlled crossover study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:1071-1077. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Dicle
- Dermatology and Venereology Department School of Medicine Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | | | - Kemal Hakan Gülkesen
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department School of Medicine Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| |
Collapse
|