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Horváth Á, Tékus V, Boros M, Pozsgai G, Botz B, Borbély É, Szolcsányi J, Pintér E, Helyes Z. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) receptor is involved in chronic arthritis: in vivo study using TRPA1-deficient mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:6. [PMID: 26746673 PMCID: PMC4718022 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a calcium-permeable cation channel that is expressed on capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons, endothelial and inflammatory cells. It is activated by a variety of inflammatory mediators, such as methylglyoxal, formaldehyde and hydrogen sulphide. Since only few data are available about the role of TRPA1 in arthritis and related pain, we investigated its involvement in inflammation models of different mechanisms. Methods Chronic arthritis was induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), knee osteoarthritis by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in TRPA1 knockout (KO) mice and C57Bl/6 wildtype mice. For comparison, carrageenan- and CFA-evoked acute paw and knee inflammatory changes were investigated. Thermonociception was determined on a hot plate, cold tolerance in icy water, mechanonociception by aesthesiometry, paw volume by plethysmometry, knee diameter by micrometry, weight distribution with incapacitance tester, neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity and vascular leakage by in vivo optical imaging, and histopathological alterations by semiquantitative scoring. Results CFA-induced chronic mechanical hypersensitivity, tibiotarsal joint swelling and histopathological alterations, as well as myeloperoxidase activity in the early phase (day 2), and vascular leakage in the later stage (day 7), were significantly reduced in TRPA1 KO mice. Heat and cold sensitivities did not change in this model. Although in TRPA1 KO animals MIA-evoked knee swelling and histopathological destruction were not altered, hypersensitivity and impaired weight bearing on the osteoarthritic limb were significantly decreased. In contrast, carrageenan- and CFA-induced acute inflammation and pain behaviours were not modified by TRPA1 deletion. Conclusions TRPA1 has an important role in chronic arthritis/osteoarthritis and related pain behaviours in the mouse. Therefore, it might be a promising target for novel analgesic/anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Horváth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,Centre of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
| | - Valéria Tékus
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,Centre of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
| | - Melinda Boros
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,Centre of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Pozsgai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,Centre of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
| | - Bálint Botz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,Centre of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
| | - Éva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,Centre of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
| | - János Szolcsányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,Centre of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,PharmInVivo Ltd., 10 Szondi György Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,Centre of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,PharmInVivo Ltd., 10 Szondi György Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,Centre of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,PharmInVivo Ltd., 10 Szondi György Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,MTA-PTE NAP B Chronic Pain Research Group, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
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Takaya J, Uesugi M. Chemical Biological Analysis of TRPA1 Activation Mechanism. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2016. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.74.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University
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Takaya J, Mio K, Shiraishi T, Kurokawa T, Otsuka S, Mori Y, Uesugi M. A Potent and Site-Selective Agonist of TRPA1. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15859-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Takaya
- Graduate
School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mio
- Molecular
Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
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104
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Wei H, Wei Y, Tian F, Niu T, Yi G. Blocking proteinase-activated receptor 2 alleviated neuropathic pain evoked by spinal cord injury. Physiol Res 2015; 65:145-53. [PMID: 26596317 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an extremely serious type of physical trauma observed in clinics. Especially, neuropathic pain resulting from SCI has a lasting and significant impact on most aspects of daily life. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular pathways responsible for the cause of neuropathic pain observed in SCI is important to develop effectively therapeutic agents and treatment strategies. Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) are a family member of G-protein-coupled receptors and are activated by a proteolytic mechanism. One of its subtypes PAR2 has been reported to be engaged in mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Thus, in this study we specifically examined the underlying mechanisms responsible for SCI evoked-neuropathic pain in a rat model. Overall, we demonstrated that SCI increases PAR2 and its downstream pathways TRPV1 and TRPA1 expression in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Also, we showed that blocking spinal PAR2 by intrathecal injection of FSLLRY-NH2 significantly inhibits neuropathic pain responses induced by mechanical and thermal stimulation whereas FSLLRY-NH2 decreases the protein expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1 as well as the levels of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Results of this study have important implications, i.e. targeting one or more of these signaling molecules involved in activation of PAR2 and TRPV1/TRPA1 evoked by SCI may present new opportunities for treatment and management of neuropathic pain often observed in patients with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China.
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105
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Rezende M, Bonafé E, Vochikovski L, Farago PV, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Kossatz S. Pre- and postoperative dexamethasone does not reduce bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity: A randomized, triple-masked clinical trial. J Am Dent Assoc 2015; 147:41-9. [PMID: 26562735 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth sensitivity (TS) is the most common side effect of dental bleaching therapies. Dexamethasone has been used with tooth bleaching to reduce TS. The efficacy of dexamethasone for this purpose has not been well studied. METHODS The authors conducted a triple-masked, randomized, clinical trial with a parallel design involving 63 healthy participants who received either a placebo or dexamethasone. The placebo or dexamethasone (8 milligrams) was administered 1 hour before the in-office bleaching (35% hydrogen peroxide) and extra doses of 4 mg were administered every 6 hours for a total of 48 hours. TS was recorded on 2 scales: visual analog scale (0-10) and numeric rating scale (0-4) in different periods. The color evaluations were performed before and 1 month after dental bleaching with visual shade guides VITA Classical (VITA Zahnfabrik) and VITA Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER (VITA Zahnfabrik), and for a shade guide evaluation, the authors used a digital spectrophotometer, VITA Easyshade (VITA Zahnfabrik). The absolute risk of TS was evaluated by a Fisher exact test. Data of TS intensity using the NRS scale for the 2 groups were compared with Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests, whereas data from the visual analog scale were evaluated by 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance. The color changes between groups were compared using a t test (α = .05). RESULTS In both groups, the authors detected a high risk of TS, which was approximately 90%. No significant difference was observed in terms of TS intensity. A whitening of approximately 3 shade guide units of the VITA Classical was detected in both groups, which were statistically similar. CONCLUSIONS The use of dexamethasone before bleaching did not reduce the risk and intensity of bleaching-induced TS. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The use of the steroidal anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone was not capable of preventing TS arising from in-office dental bleaching.
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106
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Lung Epithelial TRPA1 Transduces the Extracellular ROS into Transcriptional Regulation of Lung Inflammation Induced by Cigarette Smoke: The Role of Influxed Ca²⁺. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:148367. [PMID: 26504357 PMCID: PMC4609484 DOI: 10.1155/2015/148367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the inflammatory role of TRPA1 in lung epithelial cells (LECs) remains unclear. Here, we show that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) sequentially induced several events in LECs. The Ca2+ influx was prevented by decreasing extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine, removing extracellular Ca2+ with the chelator EGTA, or treating with the TRPA1 antagonist HC030031. NADPH oxidase activation was abolished by its inhibitor apocynin, EGTA, or HC030031. The increased intracellular ROS was halted by apocynin, N-acetyl-cysteine, or HC030031. The activation of the MAPKs/NF-κB signaling was suppressed by EGTA, N-acetyl-cysteine, or HC030031. IL-8 induction was inhibited by HC030031 or TRPA1 siRNA. Additionally, chronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure in wild-type mice induced TRPA1 expression in LECs and lung tissues. In CS-exposure trpa1−/− mice, the increased BALF level of ROS was similar to that of CS-exposure wild-type mice; yet lung inflammation was lessened. Thus, in LECs, CSE may initially increase extracellular ROS, which activate TRPA1 leading to an increase in Ca2+ influx. The increased intracellular Ca2+ contributes to activation of NADPH oxidase, resulting in increased intracellular ROS, which activate the MAPKs/NF-κB signaling leading to IL-8 induction. This mechanism may possibly be at work in mice chronically exposed to CS.
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108
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Miyano K, Minami K, Yokoyama T, Ohbuchi K, Yamaguchi T, Murakami S, Shiraishi S, Yamamoto M, Matoba M, Uezono Y. Tramadol and its metabolite m1 selectively suppress transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 activity, but not transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 activity. Anesth Analg 2015; 120:790-8. [PMID: 25642661 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), which are expressed in sensory neurons, are polymodal nonselective cation channels that sense noxious stimuli. Recent reports showed that these channels play important roles in inflammatory, neuropathic, or cancer pain, suggesting that they may serve as attractive analgesic pharmacological targets. Tramadol is an effective analgesic that is widely used in clinical practice. Reportedly, tramadol and its metabolite (M1) bind to μ-opioid receptors and/or inhibit reuptake of monoamines in the central nervous system, resulting in the activation of the descending inhibitory system. However, the fundamental mechanisms of tramadol in pain control remain unclear. TRPV1 and TRPA1 may be targets of tramadol; however, they have not been studied extensively. METHODS We examined whether and how tramadol and M1 act on human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells expressing human TRPV1 (hTRPV1) or hTRPA1 by using a Ca imaging assay and whole-cell patch-clamp recording. RESULTS Tramadol and M1 (0.01-10 μM) alone did not increase in intracellular Ca concentration ([Ca]i) in HEK293 cells expressing hTRPV1 or hTRPA1 compared with capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist) or the allyl isothiocyanate (AITC, a TRPA1 agonist), respectively. Furthermore, in HEK293 cells expressing hTRPV1, pretreatment with tramadol or M1 for 5 minutes did not change the increase in [Ca]i induced by capsaicin. Conversely, pretreatment with tramadol (0.1-10 μM) and M1 (1-10 μM) significantly suppressed the AITC-induced [Ca]i increases in HEK293 cells expressing hTRPA1. In addition, the patch-clamp study showed that pretreatment with tramadol and M1 (10 μM) decreased the inward currents induced by AITC. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that tramadol and M1 selectively inhibit the function of hTRPA1, but not that of hTRPV1, and that hTRPA1 may play a role in the analgesic effects of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Miyano
- From the *Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; †Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan; ‡Tsumura Research Labs, Tumura & Co., Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan; §Division of Biostatistics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Clinical Research Data Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; ∥Department of Palliative Medicine, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Sakura-shi, Chiba, Japan; and ¶Department of Palliative Medicine, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori-city, Aomori, Japan
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109
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Chen K, Zhang ZF, Liao MF, Yao WL, Wang J, Wang XR. Blocking PAR2 attenuates oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain via TRPV1 and releases of substance P and CGRP in superficial dorsal horn of spinal cord. J Neurol Sci 2015; 352:62-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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110
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The TRPA1 channel in inflammatory and neuropathic pain and migraine. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 167:1-43. [PMID: 24668446 DOI: 10.1007/112_2014_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a member of the TRP superfamily of channels, is primarily localized to a subpopulation of primary sensory neurons of the trigeminal, vagal, and dorsal root ganglia. This subset of nociceptors produces and releases the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which mediate neurogenic inflammatory responses. TRPA1 is activated by a number of exogenous compounds, including molecules of botanical origin, environmental irritants, and medicines. However, the most prominent feature of TRPA1 resides in its unique sensitivity for large series of reactive byproducts of oxidative and nitrative stress. Here, the role of TRPA1 in models of different types of pain, including inflammatory and neuropathic pain and migraine, is summarized. Specific attention is paid to TRPA1 as the main contributing mechanism to the transition of mechanical and cold hypersensitivity from an acute to a chronic condition and as the primary transducing pathway by which oxidative/nitrative stress produces acute nociception, allodynia, and hyperalgesia. A series of migraine triggers or medicines have been reported to modulate TRPA1 activity and the ensuing CGRP release. Thus, TRPA1 antagonists may be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain and migraine.
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111
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Tian L, Fan T, Zhou N, Guo H, Zhang W. Role of PAR2 in regulating oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain via TRPA1. Transl Neurosci 2015; 6:111-116. [PMID: 28123794 PMCID: PMC4936617 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2015-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (OXL) is a third-generation chemotherapeutic agent commonly used to treat metastatic digestive tumors; however, one of the main limiting complications of OXL is neuropathic pain. In this study, the underlying mechanisms responsible for OXL evoked-neuropathic pain were examined. Using a rat model, the results demonstrated that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OXL significantly increased mechanical pain and cold sensitivity as compared with control animals (P < 0.05 vs. control rats). Blocking proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) significantly attenuated mechanical pain and cold sensitivity observed in control rats and OXL rats (P < 0.05 vs. vehicle control). The attenuating effect of PAR2 on mechanical pain and cold sensitivity were significantly smaller in OXL-rats than in control rats. The role played by PAR2 downstream signaling pathways [namely, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1)] in regulating OXL evoked-neuropathic pain was also examined. The data shows that TRPA1 expression was upregulated in the lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of OXL rats and blocking TRPA1 inhibited mechanical pain and heightened cold sensitivity (P < 0.05 vs. control rats). Blocking PAR2 also significantly decreased TRPA1 expression in the DRG. Findings in this study show that OXL intervention amplifies mechanical hyperalgesia and cold hypersensitivity and PAR2 plays an important role in regulating OXL-induced neuropathic pain via TRPA1 pathways.
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112
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Gamper N, Ooi L. Redox and nitric oxide-mediated regulation of sensory neuron ion channel function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:486-504. [PMID: 24735331 PMCID: PMC4323017 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) can intimately control neuronal excitability and synaptic strength by regulating the function of many ion channels. In peripheral sensory neurons, such regulation contributes towards the control of somatosensory processing; therefore, understanding the mechanisms of such regulation is necessary for the development of new therapeutic strategies and for the treatment of sensory dysfunctions, such as chronic pain. RECENT ADVANCES Tremendous progress in deciphering nitric oxide (NO) and ROS signaling in the nervous system has been made in recent decades. This includes the recognition of these molecules as important second messengers and the elucidation of their metabolic pathways and cellular targets. Mounting evidence suggests that these targets include many ion channels which can be directly or indirectly modulated by ROS and NO. However, the mechanisms specific to sensory neurons are still poorly understood. This review will therefore summarize recent findings that highlight the complex nature of the signaling pathways involved in redox/NO regulation of sensory neuron ion channels and excitability; references to redox mechanisms described in other neuron types will be made where necessary. CRITICAL ISSUES The complexity and interplay within the redox, NO, and other gasotransmitter modulation of protein function are still largely unresolved. Issues of specificity and intracellular localization of these signaling cascades will also be addressed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Since our understanding of ROS and RNS signaling in sensory neurons is limited, there is a multitude of future directions; one of the most important issues for further study is the establishment of the exact roles that these signaling pathways play in pain processing and the translation of this understanding into new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Gamper
- 1 Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds, United Kingdom
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113
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Laursen WJ, Anderson EO, Hoffstaetter LJ, Bagriantsev SN, Gracheva EO. Species-specific temperature sensitivity of TRPA1. Temperature (Austin) 2015; 2:214-26. [PMID: 27227025 PMCID: PMC4843866 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2014.1000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a polymodal ion channel sensitive to temperature and chemical stimuli. The importance of temperature and aversive chemical detection for survival has driven the evolutionary diversity of TRPA1 sensitivity. This diversity can be observed in the various roles of TRPA1 in different species, where it is proposed to act as a temperature-insensitive chemosensor, a heat transducer, a noxious cold transducer, or a detector of low-intensity heat for prey localization. Exploring the variation of TRPA1 functions among species provides evolutionary insight into molecular mechanisms that fine-tune thermal and chemical sensitivity, and offers an opportunity to address basic principles of temperature gating in ion channels. A decade of research has yielded a number of hypotheses describing physiological roles of TRPA1, modulators of its activity, and biophysical principles of gating. This review surveys the diversity of TRPA1 adaptations across evolutionary taxa and explores possible mechanisms of TRPA1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem J Laursen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience; Neurodegeneration and Repair; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Evan O Anderson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology; Yale University School of Medicine ; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lydia J Hoffstaetter
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience; Neurodegeneration and Repair; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sviatoslav N Bagriantsev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology; Yale University School of Medicine ; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elena O Gracheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience; Neurodegeneration and Repair; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
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Bonvini SJ, Birrell MA, Smith JA, Belvisi MG. Targeting TRP channels for chronic cough: from bench to bedside. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:401-20. [PMID: 25572384 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cough is currently the most common reason for patients to visit a primary care physician in the UK, yet it remains an unmet medical need. Current therapies have limited efficacy or have potentially dangerous side effects. Under normal circumstances, cough is a protective reflex to clear the lungs of harmful particles; however, in disease, cough can become excessive, dramatically impacting patients' lives. In many cases, this condition is linked to inflammatory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but can also be refractory to treatment and idiopathic in nature. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop therapies, and targeting the sensory afferent arm of the reflex which initiates the cough reflex may uncover novel therapeutic targets. The cough reflex is initiated following activation of ion channels present on vagal sensory afferents. These ion channels include the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of cation-selective ion channels which act as cellular sensors and respond to changes in the external environment. Many direct activators of TRP channels, including arachidonic acid derivatives, a lowered airway pH, changes in temperature, and altered airway osmolarity are present in the diseased airway where responses to challenge agents which activate airway sensory nerve activity are known to be enhanced. Furthermore, the expression of some TRP channels is increased in airway disease. Together, this makes them promising targets for the treatment of chronic cough. This review will cover the current understanding of the role of the TRP family of ion channels in the activation of airway sensory nerves and cough, focusing on four members, transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 1, transient receptor potential ankyrin (TRPA) 1, TRPV4, and transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) 8 as these represent the channels where most information has been gathered with relevance to the airways. We will describe recent data and highlight the possible therapeutic utility of specific TRP channel antagonists as antitussives in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Bonvini
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Sullivan MN, Gonzales AL, Pires PW, Bruhl A, Leo MD, Li W, Oulidi A, Boop FA, Feng Y, Jaggar JH, Welsh DG, Earley S. Localized TRPA1 channel Ca2+ signals stimulated by reactive oxygen species promote cerebral artery dilation. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra2. [PMID: 25564678 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can have divergent effects in cerebral and peripheral circulations. We found that Ca(2+)-permeable transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels were present and colocalized with NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase 2 (NOX2), a major source of ROS, in the endothelium of cerebral arteries but not in other vascular beds. We recorded and characterized ROS-triggered Ca(2+) signals representing Ca(2+) influx through single TRPA1 channels, which we called "TRPA1 sparklets." TRPA1 sparklet activity was low under basal conditions but was stimulated by NOX-generated ROS. Ca(2+) entry during a single TRPA1 sparklet was twice that of a TRPV4 sparklet and ~200 times that of an L-type Ca(2+) channel sparklet. TRPA1 sparklets representing the simultaneous opening of two TRPA1 channels were more common in endothelial cells than in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells expressing TRPA1. The NOX-induced TRPA1 sparklets activated intermediate-conductance, Ca(2+)-sensitive K(+) channels, resulting in smooth muscle hyperpolarization and vasodilation. NOX-induced activation of TRPA1 sparklets and vasodilation required generation of hydrogen peroxide and lipid-peroxidizing hydroxyl radicals as intermediates. 4-Hydroxy-nonenal, a metabolite of lipid peroxidation, also increased TRPA1 sparklet frequency and dilated cerebral arteries. These data suggest that in the cerebral circulation, lipid peroxidation metabolites generated by ROS activate Ca(2+) influx through TRPA1 channels in the endothelium of cerebral arteries to cause dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N Sullivan
- Vascular Physiology Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Albert L Gonzales
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont School of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Paulo W Pires
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557-0318, USA
| | - Allison Bruhl
- Vascular Physiology Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - M Dennis Leo
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Wencheng Li
- Vascular Physiology Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Agathe Oulidi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557-0318, USA
| | - Frederick A Boop
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yumei Feng
- Vascular Physiology Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jonathan H Jaggar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Donald G Welsh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557-0318, USA.
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Jha A, Sharma P, Anaparti V, Ryu MH, Halayko AJ. A role for transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 cation channel (TRPA1) in airway hyper-responsiveness? Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:171-6. [PMID: 25654580 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction controls the airway caliber. Airway narrowing is exaggerated in obstructive lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mechanism by which ASM tone is dysregulated in disease is not clearly understood. Recent research on ion channels, particularly transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1), is uncovering new understanding of altered airway function. TRPA1, a member of the TRP channel superfamily, is a chemo-sensitive cation channel that can be activated by a variety of external and internal stimuli, leading to the influx of Ca(2+). Functional TRPA1 channels have been identified in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues of the lung, including ASM. In the airways, these channels can regulate the release of mediators that are markers of airway inflammation in asthma and COPD. For, example, TRPA1 controls cigarette-smoke-induced inflammatory mediator release and Ca(2+) mobilization in vitro and in vivo, a response tied to disease pathology in COPD. Recent work has revealed that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of TRPA1 inhibits the allergen-induced airway inflammation in vitro and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in vivo. Collectively, it appears that TRPA1 channels may be determinants of ASM contractility and local inflammation control, positioning them as part of novel mechanisms that control (patho)physiological function of airways and ASM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruni Jha
- Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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117
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Zholos AV. TRP Channels in Respiratory Pathophysiology: the Role of Oxidative, Chemical Irritant and Temperature Stimuli. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015; 13:279-91. [PMID: 26411771 PMCID: PMC4598440 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150331223118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is rapidly growing evidence indicating multiple and important roles of Ca(2+)- permeable cation TRP channels in the airways, both under normal and disease conditions. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of TRP channels in sensing oxidative, chemical irritant and temperature stimuli by discussing expression and function of several TRP channels in relevant cell types within the respiratory tract, ranging from sensory neurons to airway smooth muscle and epithelial cells. Several of these channels, such as TRPM2, TRPM8, TRPA1 and TRPV1, are discussed in much detail to show that they perform diverse, and often overlapping or contributory, roles in airway hyperreactivity, inflammation, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other respiratory disorders. These include TRPM2 involvement in the disruption of the bronchial epithelial tight junctions during oxidative stress, important roles of TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels in airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, chronic cough, and hyperplasia of airway smooth muscles, as well as TRPM8 role in COPD and mucus hypersecretion. Thus, there is increasing evidence that TRP channels not only function as an integral part of the important endogenous protective mechanisms of the respiratory tract capable of detecting and ensuring proper physiological responses to various oxidative, chemical irritant and temperature stimuli, but that altered expression, activation and regulation of these channels may also contribute to the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zholos
- Department of Biophysics, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology", Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University, 2 Academician Glushkov Avenue, Kiev 03022, Ukraine.
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118
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Acupuncture for visceral pain: neural substrates and potential mechanisms. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:609594. [PMID: 25614752 PMCID: PMC4295157 DOI: 10.1155/2014/609594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Visceral pain is the most common form of pain caused by varied diseases and a major reason for patients to seek medical consultation. Despite much advances, the pathophysiological mechanism is still poorly understood comparing with its somatic counterpart and, as a result, the therapeutic efficacy is usually unsatisfactory. Acupuncture has long been used for the management of numerous disorders in particular pain and visceral pain, characterized by the high therapeutic benefits and low adverse effects. Previous findings suggest that acupuncture depresses pain via activation of a number of neurotransmitters or modulators including opioid peptides, serotonin, norepinephrine, and adenosine centrally and peripherally. It endows us, by advancing the understanding of the role of ion channels and gut microbiota in pain process, with novel perspectives to probe the mechanisms underlying acupuncture analgesia. In this review, after describing the visceral innervation and the relevant afferent pathways, in particular the ion channels in visceral nociception, we propose three principal mechanisms responsible for acupuncture induced benefits on visceral pain. Finally, potential topics are highlighted regarding the future studies in this field.
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119
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Steroidal and non-steroidal third-generation aromatase inhibitors induce pain-like symptoms via TRPA1. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5736. [PMID: 25484020 PMCID: PMC4268712 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of aromatase inhibitors (AIs), exemestane, letrozole and anastrozole, for breast cancer therapy is associated with severe pain symptoms, the underlying mechanism of which is unknown. The electrophilic nature of AIs suggests that they may target the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel, a major pathway in pain transmission and neurogenic inflammation. AIs evoke TRPA1-mediated calcium response and current in rodent nociceptors and human cells expressing the recombinant channel. In mice, AIs produce acute nociception, which is exaggerated by pre-exposure to proalgesic stimuli, and, by releasing sensory neuropeptides, neurogenic inflammation in peripheral tissues. AIs also evoke mechanical allodynia and decreased grip strength, which do not undergo desensitization on prolonged AI administration. These effects are markedly attenuated by TRPA1 pharmacological blockade or in TRPA1-deficient mice. TRPA1 is a major mediator of the proinflammatory/proalgesic actions of AIs, thus suggesting TRPA1 antagonists for the treatment of pain symptoms associated with AI use.
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120
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Inhibitory effects of AG490 on H2O2-induced TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ entry. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 742:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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121
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Transient receptor potential channels and occupational exposure. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 14:77-83. [PMID: 24451914 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The discovery that a number of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are expressed in a subpopulation of primary sensory neurons innervating the upper and lower airways as well as in nonneuronal cells in the airways and lungs has initiated a quest for the understanding of their role in the physiology and pathophysiology of the respiratory tract. RECENT FINDINGS Various members of the TRP vanilloid subfamily (TRPV1, TRPV4) and the TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), because of their localization in peptidergic sensory neurons, promote airway neurogenic inflammation. In particular, TRPA1, which is gated by oxidative and nitrative stress byproducts, has been found to mediate inflammatory responses produced by an unprecedented series of toxic and irritant agents produced by air pollution, contained in cigarette smoke, and produced by accidental events at the workplace. The observation that reactive molecules endogenously produced in the airways/lungs of asthma, work-related asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease target TRPA1 underscores the primary role of the TRPA1 channel in these conditions. SUMMARY Identification of TRP channels, and especially TRPA1, as major targets of oxidative/nitrative stress and a variety of irritant environmental agents supports the hypothesis that neurogenic inflammation plays an important role in work-related inflammatory diseases and that antagonists for such channels may be novel therapeutic options for the treatment of these diseases.
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122
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Sasaki A, Mizoguchi S, Kagaya K, Shiro M, Sakai A, Andoh T, Kino Y, Taniguchi H, Saito Y, Takahata H, Kuraishi Y. A Mouse Model of Peripheral Postischemic Dysesthesia: Involvement of Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Stress and TRPA1 Channel. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:568-75. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.217570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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123
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Kwon SR, Swift EJ. In-Office Tooth Whitening: Pulpal Effects and Tooth Sensitivity Issues. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2014; 26:353-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Ran Kwon
- Department of Operative Dentistry; University of Iowa College of Dentistry; Iowa City IA USA
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124
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Environmental and endogenous reactive species such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and other electrophiles are not only known to exert toxic effects on organisms, but are also emerging as molecules that mediate cell signaling responses. However, the mechanisms underlying this cellular redox signaling by reactive species remains largely uncharacterized. RECENT ADVANCES Ca2+-permeable cation channels encoded by the transient receptor potential (trp) gene superfamily are characterized by a wide variety of activation triggers that act from outside and inside the cell. Recent studies have revealed that multiple TRP channels sense reactive species and induce diverse physiological and pathological responses, such as cell death, chemokine production, and pain transduction. TRP channels sense reactive species either indirectly through second messengers or directly via oxidative modification of cysteine residues. In this review, we describe the activation mechanisms and biological roles of redox-sensitive TRP channels, including TRPM2, TRPM7, TRPC5, TRPV1, and TRPA1. CRITICAL ISSUES The sensitivity of TRP channels to reactive species in vitro has been well characterized using molecular and pharmacological approaches. However, the precise activation mechanism(s) and in vivo function(s) of ROS/RNS-sensitive TRP channels remain elusive. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Redox sensitivity of TRP channels has been shown to mediate previously unexplained biological phenomena and is involved in various pathologies. Understanding the physiological significance and activation mechanisms of TRP channel regulation by reactive species may lead to TRP channels becoming viable pharmacological targets, and modulators of these channels may offer therapeutic options for previously untreatable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kozai
- 1 Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
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125
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Development of novel azabenzofuran TRPA1 antagonists as in vivo tools. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3464-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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126
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Kanngiesser M, Mair N, Lim HY, Zschiebsch K, Blees J, Häussler A, Brüne B, Ferreiròs N, Kress M, Tegeder I. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 regulates heat and cold pain sensitivity and persistence. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2555-71. [PMID: 24144405 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study assessed the functions of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in sensory neurons in models of acute, inflammatory, ischemic, and neuropathic pain. The alpha subunit, HIF1α, was specifically deleted in neurons of the dorsal root ganglia by mating HIF1α(fl/fl) mice with SNScre mice. RESULTS SNS-HIF1α(-/-) mice were more sensitive to noxious heat and cold pain stimulation than were HIF1α(fl/fl) control mice. They also showed heightened first-phase nociceptive responses in the formalin and capsaicin tests with increased numbers of cFos-positive neurons in the dorsal horn, and intensified hyperalgesia in early phases after paw inflammation and hind limb ischemia/reperfusion. The behavioral cold and heat pain hypersensitivity was explained by increased calcium fluxes after transient receptor potential channel activation in primary sensory neurons of SNS-HIF1α(-/-) mice and lowered electrical activation thresholds of sensory fibers. SNS-HIF1α(-/-) mice however, developed less neuropathic pain after sciatic nerve injury, which was associated with an abrogation of HIF1-mediated gene up-regulation. INNOVATION The results suggest that HIF1α is protective in terms of acute heat and cold pain but in case of ongoing activation in injured neurons, it may promote the development of neuropathic pain. CONCLUSION The duality of HIF1 in pain regulation may have an impact on the side effects of drugs targeting HIF1, which are being developed, for example, as anticancer agents. Specifically, in patients with cancer neuropathy, however, temporary HIF1 inhibition might provide a welcome combination of growth and pain reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Kanngiesser
- 1 Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
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127
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Benemei S, Fusi C, Trevisan G, Geppetti P. The TRPA1 channel in migraine mechanism and treatment. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2552-67. [PMID: 24206166 PMCID: PMC4008999 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine remains an elusive and poorly understood disease. The uncertainty is reflected by the currently unsatisfactory acute and prophylactic treatments for this disease. Genetic and pharmacological information points to the involvement of some transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in pain mechanisms. In particular, the TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels seem to play a major role in different models of pain diseases. Recent findings have underscored the possibility that TRP channels expressed in the nerve terminals of peptidergic nociceptors contribute to the migraine mechanism. Among this channel subset, TRPA1, a sensor of oxidative, nitrative and electrophilic stress, is activated by an unprecedented series of irritant and pain-provoking exogenous and endogenous agents, which release the pro-migraine peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, through this neuronal pathway. Some of the recently identified TRPA1 activators have long been known as migraine triggers. Furthermore, specific analgesic and antimigraine medicines have been shown to inhibit or desensitize TRPA1 channels. Thus, TRPA1 is emerging as a major contributing pathway in migraine and as a novel target for the development of drugs for pain and migraine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Benemei
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
- Headache Centre, Department of Health Sciences, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - C Fusi
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Geppetti
- Headache Centre, Department of Health Sciences, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
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128
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Gallic acid functions as a TRPA1 antagonist with relevant antinociceptive and antiedematogenic effects in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:679-89. [PMID: 24722818 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) has been identified as a relevant target for the development of novel analgesics. Gallic acid (GA) is a polyphenolic compound commonly found in green tea and various berries and possesses a wide range of biological activities. The goal of this study was to identify GA as a TRPA1 antagonist and observe its antinociceptive effects in different pain models. First, we evaluated the ability of GA to affect cinnamaldehyde-induced calcium influx. Then, we observed the antinociceptive and antiedematogenic effects of GA (3-100 mg/kg) oral administration after the intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of TRPA1 agonists (allyl isothiocyanate, cinnamaldehyde, or hydrogen peroxide-H2O2) in either an inflammatory pain model (carrageenan i.pl. injection) or a neuropathic pain model (chronic constriction injury) in male Swiss mice (25-35 g). GA reduced the calcium influx mediated by TRPA1 activation. Moreover, the oral administration of GA decreased the spontaneous nociception triggered by allyl isothiocyanate, cinnamaldehyde, and H2O2. Carrageenan-induced allodynia and edema were largely reduced by the pretreatment with GA. Moreover, the administration of GA was also capable of decreasing cold and mechanical allodynia in a neuropathic pain model. Finally, GA was absorbed after oral administration and did not produce any detectable side effects. In conclusion, we found that GA is a TRPA1 antagonist with antinociceptive properties in relevant models of clinical pain without detectable side effects, which makes it a good candidate for the treatment of painful conditions.
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129
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Prota N, Bouwmeester HJ, Jongsma MA. Comparative antifeedant activities of polygodial and pyrethrins against whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and aphids (Myzus persicae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:682-688. [PMID: 23868321 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygodial, a sesquiterpene dialdehyde of the drimane family, has been shown to have deterrent and antifeedant effects on various insect species, including Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Spodoptera spp. and Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). This compound may have potential as a broad-spectrum biocontrol agent, similar to pyrethrins, given that it was previously reported to improve yield when sprayed on barley fields. RESULTS This study compares the deterrent effect of polygodial and pyrethrins against the silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and the green peach aphid M. persicae in dual-choice assays using compound-coated tomato leaf discs. B. tabaci adults were deterred by polygodial at an ED50 (effective dose at which 50% of the insects are deterred) of about 25 µg g(-1) fresh weight (FW), and green peach aphids at about 54 µg g(-1) FW. Bioassays were benchmarked with pyrethrins that had a 20-fold lower ED50 of approximately 1.4 µg g(-1) FW against whiteflies, but only a twofold lower ED50 (about 28 µg g(-1) FW) against peach aphids. Polygodial showed moderate phytotoxic effects (score of 2 on a scale of 1-5) on tomato leaves at concentrations above the ED50 concentrations (≥ 90 µg g(-1) FW). CONCLUSION The sesquiterpene dialdehyde polygodial is 2-20 times less deterrent than pyrethrins, depending on the insect species, but it could provide a useful complement to pyrethrin sprays as it has a different mode of action, is food grade and has low volatility. However, a formulation that reduces the risks of phytotoxic effects should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Prota
- Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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130
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Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is downregulated in keratinocytes in human non-melanoma skin cancer. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2408-2417. [PMID: 24643128 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A subgroup of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, including vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, and TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), is expressed in cutaneous peptidergic somatosensory neurons, and has been found in skin non-neuronal cells, such as keratinocytes. Different cancer cells express TRPs, where they may exert either pro- or antitumorigenic roles. Expression and function of TRPs in skin cancers have been, however, poorly investigated. Here, we have studied the distribution and expression of TRPs by immunohistochemistry and messenger RNA (mRNA) in human healthy skin and human keratinocytic tumors, including intraepidermal proliferative disorders (solar keratosis (SK) and Bowen's disease), and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC; basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas). Similar TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPV3 staining was found in keratinocytes from healthy and tumor tissues. TRPA1 staining was increased solely in SK samples. However, the marked TRPV4 staining and TRPV4 mRNA expression, observed in healthy or inflamed skin, was abrogated both in premalignant lesions and NMSC. In a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), TRPV4 stimulation released IL-8, which in turn downregulated TRPV4 expression. Selective reduction in TRPV4 expression could represent an early biomarker of skin carcinogenesis. Whether the cytokine-dependent, autocrine pathway that results in TRPV4 downregulation contributes to NMSC mechanism remains to be determined.
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131
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Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 protein (TRPA1) is a nonselective cation channel permeable to Ca(2+), Na(+), and K(+). TRPA1 is a promiscuous chemical nocisensor that is also involved in noxious cold and mechanical sensation. It is present in a subpopulation of Aδ- and C-fiber nociceptive sensory neurons as well as in other sensory cells including epithelial cells. In primary sensory neurons, Ca(2+) and Na(+) flowing through TRPA1 into the cell cause membrane depolarization, action potential discharge, and neurotransmitter release both at peripheral and central neural projections. In addition to being activated by cysteine and lysine reactive electrophiles and oxidants, TRPA1 is indirectly activated by pro-inflammatory agents via the phospholipase C signaling pathway, in which cytosolic Ca(2+) is an important regulator of channel gating. The finding that non-electrophilic compounds, including menthol and cannabinoids, activate TRPA1 may provide templates for the design of non-tissue damaging activators to fine-tune the activity of TRPA1 and raises the possibility that endogenous ligands sharing binding sites with such non-electrophiles exist and regulate TRPA1 channel activity. TRPA1 is promising as a drug target for novel treatments of pain, itch, and sensory hyperreactivity in visceral organs including the airways, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Zygmunt
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden,
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132
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Shimizu S, Takahashi N, Mori Y. TRPs as chemosensors (ROS, RNS, RCS, gasotransmitters). Handb Exp Pharmacol 2014; 223:767-94. [PMID: 24961969 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05161-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (trp) gene superfamily encodes TRP proteins that act as multimodal sensor cation channels for a wide variety of stimuli from outside and inside the cell. Upon chemical or physical stimulation of cells, TRP channels transduce electrical and/or Ca(2+) signals via their cation channel activities. These functional features of TRP channels allow the body to react and adapt to different forms of environmental changes. Indeed, members of one class of TRP channels have emerged as sensors of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reactive carbonyl species (RCS), and gaseous messenger molecules including molecular oxygen (O2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an ROS, triggers the production of ADP-ribose, which binds and activates TRPM2. In addition to TRPM2, TRPC5, TRPV1, and TRPA1 are also activated by H2O2 via modification of cysteine (Cys) free sulfhydryl groups. Nitric oxide (NO), a vasoactive gaseous molecule, regulates TRP channels directly via Cys S-nitrosylation or indirectly via cyclic GMP (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG)-dependent phosphorylation. Anoxia induced by O2-glucose deprivation and severe hypoxia activates TRPM7 and TRPC6, respectively, whereas TRPA1 serves as a sensor of mild hypoxia and hyperoxia in vagal and sensory neurons. TRPA1 also detects other gaseous molecules, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2). In this review, we highlight our current knowledge of TRP channels as chemosensors for ROS, RNS, RCS, and gaseous molecules and discuss their functional impacts on physiological and pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Shimizu
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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133
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Kozai D, Kabasawa Y, Ebert M, Kiyonaka S, Otani Y, Numata T, Takahashi N, Mori Y, Ohwada T. Transnitrosylation Directs TRPA1 Selectivity in N-Nitrosamine Activators. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:175-85. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.088864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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134
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Trevisan G, Hoffmeister C, Rossato MF, Oliveira SM, Silva MA, Ineu RP, Guerra GP, Materazzi S, Fusi C, Nassini R, Geppetti P, Ferreira J. Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Receptor Stimulation by Hydrogen Peroxide Is Critical to Trigger Pain During Monosodium Urate-Induced Inflammation in Rodents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:2984-95. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafael P. Ineu
- Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Gustavo P. Guerra
- Federal University of Technology of Paraná, Medianeira Campus; Medianeira, PR Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Juliano Ferreira
- Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria, RS Brazil
- Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianópolis, SC Brazil
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135
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Benemei S, De Cesaris F, Fusi C, Rossi E, Lupi C, Geppetti P. TRPA1 and other TRP channels in migraine. J Headache Pain 2013; 14:71. [PMID: 23941062 PMCID: PMC3844362 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-14-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since their identification, interest in the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in health and disease has steadily increased. Robust evidence has underlined the role of TRP channels expressed in a subset of primary sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion to promote, by neuronal excitation, nociceptive responses, allodynia and hyperalgesia. In particular, the TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and the TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) are expressed in nociceptive neurons, which also express the sensory neuropeptides, tachykinins, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which mediate neurogenic inflammatory responses. Of interest, CGRP released from the trigeminovascular network of neurons is currently recognized as a main contributing mechanism of migraine attack. The ability of TRPA1 to sense and to be activated by an unprecedented series of exogenous and endogenous reactive molecules has now been extensively documented. Several of the TRPA1 activators are also known as triggers of migraine attack. Thus, TRP channels, and particularly TRPA1, may be proposed as novel pathways in migraine pathophysiology and as possible new targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Benemei
- Headache Center and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy.
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136
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Parthenolide inhibits nociception and neurogenic vasodilatation in the trigeminovascular system by targeting the TRPA1 channel. Pain 2013; 154:2750-2758. [PMID: 23933184 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although feverfew has been used for centuries to treat pain and headaches and is recommended for migraine treatment, the mechanism for its protective action remains unknown. Migraine is triggered by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release from trigeminal neurons. Peptidergic sensory neurons express a series of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, including the ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel. Recent findings have identified agents either inhaled from the environment or produced endogenously that are known to trigger migraine or cluster headache attacks, such as TRPA1 simulants. A major constituent of feverfew, parthenolide, may interact with TRPA1 nucleophilic sites, suggesting that feverfew's antimigraine effect derives from its ability to target TRPA1. We found that parthenolide stimulates recombinant (transfected cells) or natively expressed (rat/mouse trigeminal neurons) TRPA1, where it, however, behaves as a partial agonist. Furthermore, in rodents, after initial stimulation, parthenolide desensitizes the TRPA1 channel and renders peptidergic TRPA1-expressing nerve terminals unresponsive to any stimulus. This effect of parthenolide abrogates nociceptive responses evoked by stimulation of peripheral trigeminal endings. TRPA1 targeting and neuronal desensitization by parthenolide inhibits CGRP release from trigeminal neurons and CGRP-mediated meningeal vasodilatation, evoked by either TRPA1 agonists or other unspecific stimuli. TRPA1 partial agonism, together with desensitization and nociceptor defunctionalization, ultimately resulting in inhibition of CGRP release within the trigeminovascular system, may contribute to the antimigraine effect of parthenolide.
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137
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Takahashi K, Ohta T. Inflammatory acidic pH enhances hydrogen sulfide-induced transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 activation in RIN-14B cells. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:1322-7. [PMID: 23873754 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), a toxic volcanic gas, functions as a gaseous physiological and pathophysiological molecule. Recently we have shown that H2 S elicits acute pain through the activation of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), which is expressed mainly in primary nociceptive neurons. We also demonstrated enhancement of H2 S-induced TRPA1 activation and pain under inflammatory acidic conditions, but the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Here, we attempted to clarify this mechanism by using endogenously TRPA1-expressing RIN-14B, a rat pancreatic islet cell line. For this purpose, the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+) ]i )], reactive oxygen species (ROS), and intracellular pH (pHi ) were measured with fluorescent imaging techniques. The intracellular H2 S concentration was assayed by the methylene blue method. To clarify the cellular function of H2 S, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) secretion was analyzed. In RIN-14B, the increase of [Ca(2+) ]i and the release of 5-HT induced by NaHS, an H2 S donor, were enhanced under inflammatory acidic conditions. Transition of H2 S into cells was enhanced at pH 6.8. H2 S failed to increase the intracellular ROS level and only slightly decreased pHi . These results suggest that H2 S directly activates TRPA1 and that its increment of diffusion into cells may be involved in the potentiation of TRPA1 activation under external acidic conditions. Thus, our study supports the pathophysiological functions of H2 S in inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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138
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Nishio N, Taniguchi W, Sugimura YK, Takiguchi N, Yamanaka M, Kiyoyuki Y, Yamada H, Miyazaki N, Yoshida M, Nakatsuka T. Reactive oxygen species enhance excitatory synaptic transmission in rat spinal dorsal horn neurons by activating TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels. Neuroscience 2013; 247:201-12. [PMID: 23707800 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Central neuropathic pain (CNP) in the spinal cord, such as chronic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI), is an incurable ailment. However, little is known about the spinal cord mechanisms underlying CNP. Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been recognized to play an important role in CNP of the spinal cord. However, it is unclear how ROS affect synaptic transmission in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. To clarify how ROS impact on synaptic transmission, we investigated the effects of ROS on synaptic transmission in rat spinal cord substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Administration of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH), an ROS donor, into the spinal cord markedly increased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in SG neurons. This t-BOOH-induced enhancement was not suppressed by the Na(+) channel blocker tetrodotoxin. However, in the presence of a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, t-BOOH did not generate any sEPSCs. Furthermore, in the presence of a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel antagonist (HC-030031) or a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel antagonist (capsazepine or AMG9810), the t-BOOH-induced increase in the frequency of sEPSCs was inhibited. These results indicate that ROS enhance the spontaneous release of glutamate from presynaptic terminals onto SG neurons through TRPA1 and TRPV1 channel activation. Excessive activation of these ion channels by ROS may induce central sensitization in the spinal cord and result in chronic pain such as that following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nishio
- Pain Research Center, Kansai University of Health Sciences, Kumatori, Osaka 590-0482, Japan
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139
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Büch T, Schäfer E, Steinritz D, Dietrich A, Gudermann T. Chemosensory TRP Channels in the Respiratory Tract: Role in Toxic Lung Injury and Potential as “Sweet Spots” for Targeted Therapies. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 165:31-65. [DOI: 10.1007/112_2012_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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140
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Trevisan G, Materazzi S, Fusi C, Altomare A, Aldini G, Lodovici M, Patacchini R, Geppetti P, Nassini R. Novel therapeutic strategy to prevent chemotherapy-induced persistent sensory neuropathy by TRPA1 blockade. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3120-31. [PMID: 23477783 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a severe and painful adverse reaction of cancer treatment in patients that is little understood or treated. Cytotoxic drugs that cause CIPN exert their effects by increasing oxidative stress, which activates the ion channel TRPA1 expressed by nociceptors. In this study, we evaluated whether TRPA1 acted as a critical mediator of CIPN by bortezomib or oxaliplatin in a mouse model system. Bortezomib evoked a prolonged mechanical, cold, and selective chemical hypersensitivity (the latter against the TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate). This CIPN hypersensitivity phenotype that was stably established by bortezomib could be transiently reverted by systemic or local treatment with the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031. A similar effect was produced by the oxidative stress scavenger α-lipoic acid. Notably, the CIPN phenotype was abolished completely in mice that were genetically deficient in TRPA1, highlighting its essential role. Administration of bortezomib or oxaliplatin, which also elicits TRPA1-dependent hypersensitivity, produced a rapid, transient increase in plasma of carboxy-methyl-lysine, a by-product of oxidative stress. Short-term systemic treatment with either HC-030031 or α-lipoic acid could completely prevent hypersensitivity if administered before the cytotoxic drug. Our findings highlight a key role for early activation/sensitization of TRPA1 by oxidative stress by-products in producing CIPN. Furthermore, they suggest prevention strategies for CIPN in patients through the use of early, short-term treatments with TRPA1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
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141
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Nesuashvili L, Hadley SH, Bahia PK, Taylor-Clark TE. Sensory nerve terminal mitochondrial dysfunction activates airway sensory nerves via transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 83:1007-19. [PMID: 23444014 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.084319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent oxidative stress has been reported for a variety of cell types in inflammatory diseases. Given the abundance of mitochondria at the peripheral terminals of sensory nerves and the sensitivity of transient receptor potential (TRP) ankyrin 1 (A1) and TRP vanilloid 1 (V1) to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their downstream products of lipid peroxidation, we investigated the effect of nerve terminal mitochondrial dysfunction on airway sensory nerve excitability. Here we show that mitochondrial dysfunction evoked by acute treatment with antimycin A (mitochondrial complex III Qi site inhibitor) preferentially activated TRPA1-expressing "nociceptor-like" mouse bronchopulmonary C-fibers. Action potential discharge was reduced by the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031. Inhibition of TRPV1 further reduced C-fiber activation. In mouse dissociated vagal neurons, antimycin A induced Ca(2+) influx that was significantly reduced by pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockout of either TRPA1 or TRPV1. Inhibition of both TRPA1 and TRPV1 was required to abolish antimycin A-induced Ca(2+) influx in vagal neurons. Using an HEK293 cell expression system, antimycin A induced concentration-dependent activation of both hTRPA1 and hTRPV1 but failed to activate nontransfected cells. Myxothiazol (complex III Qo site inhibitor) inhibited antimycin A-induced TRPA1 activation, as did the reducing agent dithiothreitol. Scavenging of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide inhibited TRPA1 activation following mitochondrial modulation. In conclusion, we present evidence that acute mitochondrial dysfunction activates airway sensory nerves preferentially via TRPA1 through the actions of mitochondrially-derived ROS. This represents a novel mechanism by which inflammation may be transduced into nociceptive electrical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lika Nesuashvili
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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142
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Yu L, Wang S, Kogure Y, Yamamoto S, Noguchi K, Dai Y. Modulation of TRP channels by resveratrol and other stilbenoids. Mol Pain 2013; 9:3. [PMID: 23413875 PMCID: PMC3585750 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resveratrol (3,5,4’ - trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a widely distributed natural stilbenoid, was proposed to account for the unique effects of red wine on life span and health. It has been reported to possess various biological and pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects. Here, using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques and behavioral analyses, we investigated whether resveratrol and other stilbenoids can modulate TRP channels in sensory neurons in vitro, and have analgesic effects in vivo. Results We found that resveratrol dose-dependently suppressed the allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)-induced currents (IAITC) in HEK293 cells that express TRPA1, as well as in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Instead, pinosylvin methyl ether (PME), another derivate of stilbene which has a similar structure to resveratrol, dose-dependently blocked the capsaicin-induced currents (ICAP) in HEK293 cells that express TRPV1 as well as in DRG neurons. Interestingly, resveratrol had no inhibitory effect on the ICAP, and PME had no effect on the IAITC. Otherwise, trans-stilbene showed no any effect on IAITC or ICAP. The concentration response curve of AITC showed that resveratrol inhibited the action of TRPA1 not by changing the EC50, but by suppressing the AITC-induced maximum response. By contrast, the inhibition of TRPV1 by PME did not change the capsaicin-induced maximum response but did cause a right shift of the EC50. Moreover, pre-administration of resveratrol suppressed intraplantar injections of AITC-evoked nocifensive behaviors, as well as that PME suppressed capsaicin-evoked one. Conclusions These data suggest that resveratrol and other stilbenoids may have an inhibitory effect on TRP channels. In addition, these stilbenoids modulate TRP channel activity in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan
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143
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Nyman E, Franzén B, Nolting A, Klement G, Liu G, Nilsson M, Rosén A, Björk C, Weigelt D, Wollberg P, Karila P, Raboisson P. In vitro pharmacological characterization of a novel TRPA1 antagonist and proof of mechanism in a human dental pulp model. J Pain Res 2013; 6:59-70. [PMID: 23403691 PMCID: PMC3565573 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s37567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AZ465 is a novel selective transient receptor potential cation channel, member A1 (TRPA1) antagonist identified during a focused drug discovery effort. In vitro, AZ465 fully inhibits activation by zinc, O-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS), or cinnamaldehyde of the human TRPA1 channel heterologously expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. Our data using patch-clamp recordings and mouse/human TRPA1 chimeras suggest that AZ465 binds reversibly in the pore region of the human TRPA1 channel. Finally, in an ex vivo model measuring TRPA1 agonist-stimulated release of neuropeptides from human dental pulp biopsies, AZD465 was able to block 50%–60% of CS-induced calcitonin gene-related peptide release, confirming that AZ465 inhibits the native human TRPA1 channel in neuronal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Nyman
- Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines CNS/Pain, AstraZeneca R&D, Södertälje, Sweden
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144
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UV light phototransduction activates transient receptor potential A1 ion channels in human melanocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:2383-8. [PMID: 23345429 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1215555110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin is constantly exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), the most prevalent environmental carcinogen. Humans have the unique ability among mammals to respond to UVR by increasing their skin pigmentation, a protective process driven by melanin synthesis in epidermal melanocytes. The molecular mechanisms used by melanocytes to detect and respond to long-wavelength UVR (UVA) are not well understood. We recently identified a UVA phototransduction pathway in melanocytes that is mediated by G protein-coupled receptors and leads to rapid calcium mobilization. Here we report that in human epidermal melanocytes physiological doses of UVR activate a retinal-dependent current mediated by transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) ion channels. The TRPA1 photocurrent is UVA-specific and requires G protein and phospholipase C signaling, thus contributing to UVA-induced calcium responses to mediate downstream cellular effects and providing evidence for TRPA1 function in mammalian phototransduction. Remarkably, TRPA1 activation is required for the UVR-induced and retinal-dependent early increase in cellular melanin. Our results show that TRPA1 is essential for a unique extraocular phototransduction pathway in human melanocytes that is activated by physiological doses of UVR and results in early melanin synthesis.
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145
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Petho G, Reeh PW. Sensory and signaling mechanisms of bradykinin, eicosanoids, platelet-activating factor, and nitric oxide in peripheral nociceptors. Physiol Rev 2013; 92:1699-775. [PMID: 23073630 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00048.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral mediators can contribute to the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain and its concomitants (hyperalgesia and allodynia) via two mechanisms. Activation or excitation by these substances of nociceptive nerve endings or fibers implicates generation of action potentials which then travel to the central nervous system and may induce pain sensation. Sensitization of nociceptors refers to their increased responsiveness to either thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimuli that may be translated to corresponding hyperalgesias. This review aims to give an account of the excitatory and sensitizing actions of inflammatory mediators including bradykinin, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, and nitric oxide on nociceptive primary afferent neurons. Manifestations, receptor molecules, and intracellular signaling mechanisms of the effects of these mediators are discussed in detail. With regard to signaling, most data reported have been obtained from transfected nonneuronal cells and somata of cultured sensory neurons as these structures are more accessible to direct study of sensory and signal transduction. The peripheral processes of sensory neurons, where painful stimuli actually affect the nociceptors in vivo, show marked differences with respect to biophysics, ultrastructure, and equipment with receptors and ion channels compared with cellular models. Therefore, an effort was made to highlight signaling mechanisms for which supporting data from molecular, cellular, and behavioral models are consistent with findings that reflect properties of peripheral nociceptive nerve endings. Identified molecular elements of these signaling pathways may serve as validated targets for development of novel types of analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Petho
- Pharmacodynamics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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146
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De Petrocellis L, Schiano Moriello A. 2-Amino-4-arylthiazole compounds as TRPA1 antagonists (WO 2012085662): a patent evaluation. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 23:119-47. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.736496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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147
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Shen MY, Luo YL, Yang CH, Ruan T, Lai CJ. Hypersensitivity of lung vagal C fibers induced by acute intermittent hypoxia in rats: role of reactive oxygen species and TRPA1. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 303:R1175-85. [PMID: 23076873 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00227.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea, manifested by intermittent hypoxia and excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in airways, is associated with hyperreactive airway diseases, but the mechanism remains unclear. Sensitization of lung vagal C fibers (LVCFs) contributes to the airway hypersensitivity. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the sensitization of LVCFs with acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH), by 10 episodes of exposure to 30 s of hypoxic air (0%, 5%, or 10% O(2)) followed by 30 s of room air in anesthetized, open-chest, and artificially ventilated rats. Reflex apneic response to intravenous capsaicin (an LVCF stimulant), as measured by phrenic nerve activity, was concentration dependently augmented by AIH. Similarly, reflex apneic response to intravenous α,β-methylene-ATP (another LVCF stimulant) was augmented by AIH (0% O(2)). The reflex apnea evoked by these two stimulants was abolished by bilateral vagotomy, which suggests the involvement of lung vagal afferents. The AIH-augmented apneic response to these two stimulants was prevented by pretreatment with dimethylthiourea (a hydroxyl radical scavenger), N-acetyl-l-cysteine (an antioxidant) and HC-030031 [a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) receptor antagonist]. Consistently, electrophysiological study revealed the afferent responses of LVCFs to capsaicin or α,β-methylene-ATP were augmented by AIH, and this sensitization of LVCFs was prevented by dimethylthiourea, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, and HC-030031. In contrast, AIH did not alter the afferent response of LVCFs to mechanical stimulation by lung hyperinflation. We concluded that AIH sensitizes LVCFs in rats, thus resulting in exaggerated airway reflexogenic responses to chemical stimulants, possibly by ROS action and activation of TRPA1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ya Shen
- Department of Physiology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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148
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The transient receptor potential channel TRPA1: from gene to pathophysiology. Pflugers Arch 2012; 464:425-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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149
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Nassini R, Pedretti P, Moretto N, Fusi C, Carnini C, Facchinetti F, Viscomi AR, Pisano AR, Stokesberry S, Brunmark C, Svitacheva N, McGarvey L, Patacchini R, Damholt AB, Geppetti P, Materazzi S. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 channel localized to non-neuronal airway cells promotes non-neurogenic inflammation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42454. [PMID: 22905134 PMCID: PMC3419223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel, localized to airway sensory nerves, has been proposed to mediate airway inflammation evoked by allergen and cigarette smoke (CS) in rodents, via a neurogenic mechanism. However the limited clinical evidence for the role of neurogenic inflammation in asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease raises an alternative possibility that airway inflammation is promoted by non-neuronal TRPA1. Methodology/Principal Findings By using Real-Time PCR and calcium imaging, we found that cultured human airway cells, including fibroblasts, epithelial and smooth muscle cells express functional TRPA1 channels. By using immunohistochemistry, TRPA1 staining was observed in airway epithelial and smooth muscle cells in sections taken from human airways and lung, and from airways and lung of wild-type, but not TRPA1-deficient mice. In cultured human airway epithelial and smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, acrolein and CS extract evoked IL-8 release, a response selectively reduced by TRPA1 antagonists. Capsaicin, agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a channel co-expressed with TRPA1 by airway sensory nerves, and acrolein or CS (TRPA1 agonists), or the neuropeptide substance P (SP), which is released from sensory nerve terminals by capsaicin, acrolein or CS), produced neurogenic inflammation in mouse airways. However, only acrolein and CS, but not capsaicin or SP, released the keratinocyte chemoattractant (CXCL-1/KC, IL-8 analogue) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of wild-type mice. This effect of TRPA1 agonists was attenuated by TRPA1 antagonism or in TRPA1-deficient mice, but not by pharmacological ablation of sensory nerves. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that, although either TRPV1 or TRPA1 activation causes airway neurogenic inflammation, solely TRPA1 activation orchestrates an additional inflammatory response which is not neurogenic. This finding suggests that non-neuronal TRPA1 in the airways is functional and potentially capable of contributing to inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Nassini
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pamela Pedretti
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Pharmacology Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy
| | - Nadia Moretto
- Pharmacology Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy
| | - Camilla Fusi
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Carnini
- Pharmacology Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Susan Stokesberry
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Charlott Brunmark
- AstraZeneca Research & Development Innovative Medicines Respiratory & Inflammation, Mölndal, Sweden
- Truly Translational Sweden AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Naila Svitacheva
- AstraZeneca Research & Development Innovative Medicines Respiratory & Inflammation, Mölndal, Sweden
- Disease Pharmacology LEO Pharma A/S, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Lorcan McGarvey
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anders B. Damholt
- AstraZeneca Research & Development Innovative Medicines Respiratory & Inflammation, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierangelo Geppetti
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Headache Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Serena Materazzi
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Takahashi N, Kozai D, Mori Y. TRP channels: sensors and transducers of gasotransmitter signals. Front Physiol 2012; 3:324. [PMID: 22934072 PMCID: PMC3429092 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (trp) gene superfamily encodes cation channels that act as multimodal sensors for a wide variety of stimuli from outside and inside the cell. Upon sensing, they transduce electrical and Ca2+ signals via their cation channel activities. These functional features of TRP channels allow the body to react and adapt to different forms of environmental changes. Indeed, members of one class of TRP channels have emerged as sensors of gaseous messenger molecules that control various cellular processes. Nitric oxide (NO), a vasoactive gaseous molecule, regulates TRP channels directly via cysteine (Cys) S-nitrosylation or indirectly via cyclic GMP (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG)-dependent phosphorylation. Recent studies have revealed that changes in the availability of molecular oxygen (O2) also control the activation of TRP channels. Anoxia induced by O2-glucose deprivation and severe hypoxia (1% O2) activates TRPM7 and TRPC6, respectively, whereas TRPA1 has recently been identified as a novel sensor of hyperoxia and mild hypoxia (15% O2) in vagal and sensory neurons. TRPA1 also detects other gaseous molecules such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2). In this review, we focus on how signaling by gaseous molecules is sensed and integrated by TRP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
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