101
|
Inactivation and changes in metabolic profile of selected foodborne bacteria by 460 nm LED illumination. Food Microbiol 2017; 63:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
102
|
Biener G, Masson-Meyers DS, Bumah VV, Hussey G, Stoneman MR, Enwemeka CS, Raicu V. Blue/violet laser inactivates methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by altering its transmembrane potential. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 170:118-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
103
|
Schmid J, Hoenes K, Rath M, Vatter P, Spellerberg B, Hessling M. Photoinactivation of Legionella Rubrilucens by Visible Light. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2017; 7:146-149. [PMID: 28690882 PMCID: PMC5495087 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2017.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the photoinactivation of Legionella by visible light is investigated. The success of this approach would offer new prospects for technical water disinfection and maybe even for therapeutic measures in cases of Legionella infections. Therefore, Legionella rubrilucens was dispensed on buffered charcoal yeast extract medium agar plates and illuminated with different doses of violet light generated by 405 nm light-emitting diodes (LEDs). A strong photoinactivation effect was observed. A dose of 125 J/ cm2 reduced the bacterial concentration by more than 5 orders of magnitude compared to Legionella on unirradiated agar plates. The necessary dose for a one log-level reduction was about 24 J/cm2. These results were obtained for extracellular L. rubrilucens, but other Legionella species may exhibit a similar behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Schmid
- Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, D 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - K Hoenes
- Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, D 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - M Rath
- Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, D 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - P Vatter
- Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, D 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - B Spellerberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Hessling
- Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, D 89081 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a chronic dermatologic complaint with a multifactorial cause. Traditionally, antibiotics and retinoids have been used to manage the condition; patient compliance has been an ongoing issue. A variety of energy-based devices have been reported to be effective in the treatment of acne vulgaris. OBJECTIVE To review and summarize the current literature specific to treatment of acne vulgaris with energy-based devices. METHODS A review of the current literature of energy-based devices used for the treatment of acne vulgaris. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Although limited randomized controlled trials for the treatment of acne have been performed, significant clinical improvement of acne vulgaris, especially of inflammatory lesions, has been demonstrated with a variety of energy-based devices. Newer approaches may lead to even better results.
Collapse
|
105
|
Nestor M, Andriessen A, Berman B, Katz BE, Gilbert D, Goldberg DJ, Gold MH, Kirsner RS, Lorenc PZ. Photobiomodulation with non-thermal lasers: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses in dermatology and aesthetic medicine. J COSMET LASER THER 2017; 19:190-198. [PMID: 28328287 DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2017.1293828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-thermal laser therapy in dermatology, is a growing field in medical technology by which therapeutic effects are achieved by exposing tissues to specific wavelengths of light. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review was to gain a better understanding of the science behind non-thermal laser and the evidence supporting its use in dermatology. METHODS A group of dermatologists and surgeons recently convened to review the evidence supporting the use of non-thermal laser for body sculpting, improving the appearance of cellulite, and treating onychomycosis. RESULTS The use of non-thermal laser for body sculpting is supported by three randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled studies (N = 161), one prospective open-label study (N = 54), and two retrospective studies (N = 775). Non-thermal laser application for improving the appearance of cellulite is supported by one randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study (N = 38). The use of non-thermal laser for the treatment of onychomycosis is supported by an analysis of three non-randomized, open-label studies demonstrating clinical improvement of nails (N = 292). CONCLUSIONS Non-thermal laser is steadily moving into mainstream medical practice, such as dermatology. Although present studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of non-thermal laser for body sculpting, cellulite reduction and onychomycosis treatment, studies demonstrating the efficacy of non-thermal laser as a stand-alone procedure are still inadequate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Nestor
- a Center for Clinical and Cosmetic Research, Center for Clinical Enhancement , Aventura, Miami , Florida , USA.,b University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , Florida , USA
| | - Anneke Andriessen
- c Andriessen Consultants, Medical Director , Malden , Netherlands.,d Radboudumc, Radboud Academie , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Brian Berman
- a Center for Clinical and Cosmetic Research, Center for Clinical Enhancement , Aventura, Miami , Florida , USA.,e Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , Florida , USA
| | - Bruce E Katz
- f Department of Dermatology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai , New York , New York , USA
| | - Dore Gilbert
- g Newport Dermatology and Laser Associates , Newport Beach, Newport Beach, USA.,h Department of Dermatology , University of California , Irvine , USA
| | - David J Goldberg
- i Skin Laser & Surgery Specialists, Director , Westwood , Massachusetts , USA
| | | | - Robert S Kirsner
- b University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , Florida , USA
| | - Paul Z Lorenc
- k Lorenc Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Center , New York , New York , USA.,l Lenox Hill Hospital, New York , New York , USA
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Wang Y, Leng V, Patel V, Phillips KS. Injections through skin colonized with Staphylococcus aureus biofilm introduce contamination despite standard antimicrobial preparation procedures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45070. [PMID: 28332593 PMCID: PMC5362901 DOI: 10.1038/srep45070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While surgical site preparation has been extensively studied, there is little information about resistance of skin microbiota in the biofilm form to antimicrobial decontamination, and there are no quantitative models to study how biofilm might be transferred into sterile tissue/implant materials during injections for joint spine and tendon, aspiration biopsies and dermal fillers (DF). In this work, we develop two in vitro models to simulate the process of skin preparation and DF injection using pig skin and SimSkin (silicone) materials, respectively. Using the pig skin model, we tested three of the most common skin preparation wipes (alcohol, chlorhexidine and povidone iodine) and found that during wiping they reduced the biofilm bacterial burden of S. aureus (CFU cm-2) by three logs with no statistically significant differences between wipes. Using the SimSkin model, we found that transfer of viable bacteria increased with needle diameter for 30G, 25G and 18G needles. Transfer incidence decreased as injection depth was increased from 1 mm to 3 mm. Serial puncture and linear threading injection styles had similar transfer incidence, whereas fanning significantly increased transfer incidence. The results show that contamination of DF during injection is a risk that can be reduced by modifying skin prep and injection practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Valery Leng
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Viraj Patel
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - K. Scott Phillips
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Hessling M, Spellerberg B, Hoenes K. Photoinactivation of bacteria by endogenous photosensitizers and exposure to visible light of different wavelengths - a review on existing data. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 364:fnw270. [PMID: 27915252 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Visible light has strong disinfectant properties, a fact that is not well known in comparison to the antibacterial properties of UV light. This review compiles the published data on bacterial inactivation caused by visible light and endogenous photosensitizers. It evaluates more than 50 published studies containing information on about 40 different bacterial species irradiated within the spectral range from 380 to 780 nm. In the available data a high variability of photoinactivation sensitivity is observed, which may be caused by undefined illumination conditions. Under aerobic conditions almost all bacteria except spores should be reduced by at least three log-levels with a dose of about 500 J cm-2 of 405 nm irradiation, including both Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative microorganisms. Irradiation of 470 nm is also appropriate for photoinactivating all bacteria species investigated so far but compared to 405 nm illumination it is less effective by a factor between 2 and 5. The spectral dependence of the observed photoinactivation sensitivities gives reason to the assumption that a so far unknown photosensitizer may be involved at 470 nm photoinactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hessling
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Mechatronics, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany
| | - B Spellerberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - K Hoenes
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Mechatronics, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Barneck MD, Rhodes NL, de la Presa M, Allen JP, Poursaid AE, Nourian MM, Firpo MA, Langell JT. Violet 405-nm light: a novel therapeutic agent against common pathogenic bacteria. J Surg Res 2016; 206:316-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
109
|
Alba MN, Gerenutti M, Yoshida VMH, Grotto D. Clinical comparison of salicylic acid peel and LED-Laser phototherapy for the treatment of Acne vulgaris in teenagers. J COSMET LASER THER 2016; 19:49-53. [PMID: 27762647 DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2016.1247961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris treatments usually cause sensitivity, teratogenicity and bacterial resistance. Investigations of other therapeutic techniques, such as phototherapy, are highly relevant. Thus, we compared the effectiveness of two Acne vulgaris treatments in adolescents: peeling with salicylic acid (SA) and phototherapy. Teens were randomly divided into: group I, treatment with SA peels (10%) and group II, treatment with phototherapy (blue LED and red laser lights). Photographs were taken before and after ten sessions of each treatment, carried out weekly, and compared. To compare the differences between the treatments, the Student t-test was used. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Both techniques are effective therapies for the treatment of acne in teenagers since the number of comedones, papules and pustules decreased significantly at the end of the session. However, when the two treatments were compared, phototherapy showed a significant difference in reducing the number of pustules. The combined use of red and blue lights due to their anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties is a more efficient alternative for treating Acne vulgaris in relation to SA and proves more reliable and without side effects, improving the adolescents' skin health.
Collapse
|
110
|
Fyrestam J, Bjurshammar N, Paulsson E, Mansouri N, Johannsen A, Östman C. Influence of culture conditions on porphyrin production in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 17:115-123. [PMID: 27825899 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing antibiotic resistance among pathogens has raised the demands for new treatment methods such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and phototherapy (PT). Experiments for investigating the effects of these methods are often performed in vitro, but the procedures for cultivation of microbes vary between different studies. The aim of this study has been to elucidate how the profile of endogenously produced porphyrins differs by changing the variables of bacteria culturing conditions. METHODS Two oral pathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, were selected as model organisms. The contents of porphyrins and heme in the bacteria were analysed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry when bacteria was cultivated for different lengths of time (3-9 days), upon passaging as well as when growth medium were supplemented with or without horse blood. RESULTS Both porphyrin and heme content in A. actinomycetemcomitans are highly affected by the age of the culture, and that the porphyrin profiles changes during cultivation. When cultivated colonies of A. actinomycetemcomitans were passaged onto a new, fresh growth medium a large change in porphyrin content occurred. Additional porphyrins were detected; uroporphyrin and 7-carboxylporphyrin, and the total porphyrin content increased up to 28 times. When P. gingivalis was grown on blood containing medium higher concentrations of protoporphyrin IX (2.5 times) and heme (5.4 times) were quantified compared to bacteria grown without blood. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrate that there is a need for more standardized culturing protocols when performing aPDT and PT experiments in vitro to avoid large variations in porphyrin profiles and concentrations, the aPDT/PT target compounds, depending on the culturing conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Fyrestam
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadja Bjurshammar
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Elin Paulsson
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nesrine Mansouri
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annsofi Johannsen
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Conny Östman
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Allhorn M, Arve S, Brüggemann H, Lood R. A novel enzyme with antioxidant capacity produced by the ubiquitous skin colonizer Propionibacterium acnes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36412. [PMID: 27805044 PMCID: PMC5090349 DOI: 10.1038/srep36412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the skin microbiota in human health is poorly understood. Here, we identified and characterized a novel antioxidant enzyme produced by the skin microbiota, designated RoxP for radical oxygenase of Propionibacterium acnes. RoxP is uniquely produced by the predominant skin bacterium P. acnes, with no homologs in other bacteria; it is highly expressed and strongly secreted into culture supernatants. We show that RoxP binds heme, reduces free radicals, and can protect molecules from oxidation. Strikingly, RoxP is crucial for the survival of P. acnes in oxic conditions and for skin colonization of P. acnes ex vivo. Taken together, our study strongly suggests that RoxP facilitates P. acnes’ survival on human skin, and is an important beneficial factor for the host-commensal interaction. Thus, RoxP is the first described skin microbiota-derived mutualistic factor that potentially can be exploited for human skin protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Allhorn
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Biomedical Center B14, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sabine Arve
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Biomedical Center B14, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Rolf Lood
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Biomedical Center B14, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Patidar MV, Deshmukh AR, Khedkar MY. Efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy in the Treatment of Facial Acne Vulgaris: Comparison of Two Different Fluences. Indian J Dermatol 2016; 61:545-9. [PMID: 27688446 PMCID: PMC5029242 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.190115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is the most common disease of the skin affecting adolescents and young adults causing psychological distress. The combination of antibiotic resistance, adverse effects of topical and systemic anti acne medications and desire for high tech approaches have all led to new enthusiasm for light based acne treatment. Intense pulse light (IPL) therapy has three modes of action in acne vulgaris i.e., photochemical, photo thermal and photo immunological. AIMS (1) to study efficacy of IPL therapy in facial acne vulgaris. (2) To compare two fluences - one normal and other subnormal on right and left side of face respectively. METHODS (Including settings and design and statistical analysis used). Total 45 patients in age group 16 to 28 years with inflammatory facial acne vulgaris were included in prospective study. Baseline data for each patient was recorded. All patients were given 4 sittings of IPL at 2 weeks interval and were followed for 2 months every 2 weeks. Fluence used was 35J/cm(2) on right and 20J/cm(2) on left side. Percentage reduction in lesion count was calculated at each sitting and follow up and graded as mild (0-25%), moderate (26-50%), good (51-75%) and excellent (76-100%). Side effects were noted. The results were analysed using Mann-Whitney Test. RESULTS On right side, excellent results were achieved in 10(22%), good in 22(49%) and moderate in 13(29%) patients. On left side excellent were results achieved in 7(15%), good in 19(42%) and moderate in 16(43%) patients. There was no statically significant difference noted in efficacy of two fluences used in treatment of facial acne vulgaris. CONCLUSIONS IPL is a effective and safe option for inflammatory acne vulgaris with minimal reversible side effects. Subnormal fluence is as effective as normal fluence in Indian skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika V Patidar
- Department of Dermatology, Leprology and Venereology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish Ramchandra Deshmukh
- Department of Dermatology, Leprology and Venereology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Maruti Yadav Khedkar
- Department of Dermatology, Leprology and Venereology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
|
114
|
Antoniou C, Dessinioti C, Sotiriadis D, Kalokasidis K, Kontochristopoulos G, Petridis A, Rigopoulos D, Vezina D, Nikolis A. A multicenter, randomized, split-face clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of chromophore gel-assisted blue light phototherapy for the treatment of acne. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:1321-1328. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Antoniou
- 1st Department of Dermatology; University of Athens; Andreas Sygros Hospital; Athens Greece
| | - Clio Dessinioti
- 1st Department of Dermatology; University of Athens; Andreas Sygros Hospital; Athens Greece
| | - Dimitrios Sotiriadis
- Department of Dermatology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Medical School; Papageorgiou General Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kalokasidis
- Department of Dermatology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Medical School; Papageorgiou General Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Rigopoulos
- University of Athens; Attikon University General Hospital of Athens; Athens Greece
| | | | - Andreas Nikolis
- Division of Plastic Surgery; University of Montreal; Montreal Canada
- Victoria Park Research Centre; Plastic Surgery Section; Montreal Canada
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Ma Y, Chen Q, Liu Y, Wang Q, Huang Z, Xiang L. Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy on TLRs in acne lesions and keratinocytes co-cultured with P. acnes. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 15:172-81. [PMID: 27421917 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on the expression of Toll like receptors (TLRs) in human keratinocytes and its role in acne treatment. METHODS TLR2 and TLR4 expression in acne lesions before and after ALA-PDT were examined by immunohistochemical assay. Primary keratinocytes were obtained from acne lesions, co-cultured with P. acnes and then treated with ALA-PDT using red or blue LED. Cytokines production were examined by ELISA, TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression by real-time PCR, and TLR2 and TLR4 protein expression by Western-blot assay. RESULTS The overexpression of TLR2 and TLR4 in acne lesion were detected, which became negative or weaker after ALA-PDT. The infection of P. acnes in keratinocytes could significantly increase the levels of early inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1α, TNF-α and IL-8) (P<0.05). Such responses could be inhibited by ALA-PDT. P. acnes infection could also significantly increase TLR2 and TLR4 expressions in keratinocytes (P<0.05), which could be down-regulated by ALA-PDT. CONCLUSIONS ALA-PDT could inhibit innate immune responses in keratinocytes treated with P. acnes via TLRs pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Qinyi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Zheng Huang
- University of Colorado Denver Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA; MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China
| | - Leihong Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
D'Ercole S, Spoto G, Trentini P, Tripodi D, Petrini M. In vitro inactivation of Enterococcus faecalis with a led device. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 160:172-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
117
|
Antibacterial Activity of Blue Light against Nosocomial Wound Pathogens Growing Planktonically and as Mature Biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4006-4016. [PMID: 27129967 PMCID: PMC4907187 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00756-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The blue wavelengths within the visible light spectrum are intrinisically antimicrobial and can photodynamically inactivate the cells of a wide spectrum of bacteria (Gram positive and negative) and fungi. Furthermore, blue light is equally effective against both drug-sensitive and -resistant members of target species and is less detrimental to mammalian cells than is UV radiation. Blue light is currently used for treating acnes vulgaris and Helicobacter pylori infections; the utility for decontamination and treatment of wound infections is in its infancy. Furthermore, limited studies have been performed on bacterial biofilms, the key growth mode of bacteria involved in clinical infections. Here we report the findings of a multicenter in vitro study performed to assess the antimicrobial activity of 400-nm blue light against bacteria in both planktonic and biofilm growth modes. Blue light was tested against a panel of 34 bacterial isolates (clinical and type strains) comprising Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica. All planktonic-phase bacteria were susceptible to blue light treatment, with the majority (71%) demonstrating a ≥5-log10 decrease in viability after 15 to 30 min of exposure (54 J/cm2 to 108 J/cm2). Bacterial biofilms were also highly susceptible to blue light, with significant reduction in seeding observed for all isolates at all levels of exposure. These results warrant further investigation of blue light as a novel decontamination strategy for the nosocomial environment, as well as additional wider decontamination applications. IMPORTANCE Blue light shows great promise as a novel decontamination strategy for the nosocomial environment, as well as additional wider decontamination applications (e.g., wound closure during surgery). This warrants further investigation.
Collapse
|
118
|
Abe H, Shiba M, Niibe Y, Tadokoro K, Satake M. Reduction of bacteria and human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 infectivity of platelet suspension in plasma using xenon flash-pulse light in a bench-scale trial. Transfusion 2016; 56:2256-66. [PMID: 27282889 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current pathogen reduction systems for platelet concentrates (PCs) require addition of chemical compounds and/or reduction of plasma content in PCs. We have investigated a new method using xenon (Xe) flash-pulse light without additional compounds or plasma replacement. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS An aliquot of apheresis platelets (PLTs) in plasma inoculated with bacteria or human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) was irradiated with Xe flash-pulse light (Xe flash phototreatment). Bacterial growth was monitored up to 6 days of storage, whereas HIV-1 infectivity was assayed just after treatment. Pairs of Xe flash-phototreated and untreated PCs were examined for PLT lesion during the storage period. RESULTS Under the current conditions, a low titer (1.8 colony-forming units [CFUs]/mL) of Staphylococcus aureus did not proliferate during the 6-day storage period, but grew in some cases at high-titer (24.0 CFUs/mL) inoculation. HIV-1 infectivity was reduced by 1.8 log. PLT recovery of the treated PCs was lower than untreated ones. An increase of mean PLT volume and glucose consumption, together with a decrease of hypotonic shock response and pH, were enhanced by the treatment. CD62P- and PAC-1-positive PLTs increased after the treatment, indicating the induction of PLT activation. Among biologic response modifiers, soluble CD40 ligand was significantly increased in the treated PCs on Day 6. CONCLUSIONS Xe flash phototreatment could prevent bacterial proliferation and reduce HIV-1 infectivity in 100% plasma PCs without any additional compounds, but enhanced PLT storage lesions. Further improvement is required to increase the potency of pathogen inactivation with reducing PLT damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Abe
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Shiba
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Tadokoro
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Satake
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Gomez GF, Huang R, MacPherson M, Ferreira Zandona AG, Gregory RL. Photo Inactivation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm by Violet-Blue light. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:426-433. [PMID: 27278805 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Among various preventive approaches, non-invasive phototherapy/photodynamic therapy is one of the methods used to control oral biofilm. Studies indicate that light at specific wavelengths has a potent antibacterial effect. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of violet-blue light at 380-440 nm to inhibit biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans or kill S. mutans. S. mutans UA159 biofilm cells were grown for 12-16 h in 96-well flat-bottom microtiter plates using tryptic soy broth (TSB) or TSB with 1 % sucrose (TSBS). Biofilm was irradiated with violet-blue light for 5 min. After exposure, plates were re-incubated at 37 °C for either 2 or 6 h to allow the bacteria to recover. A crystal violet biofilm assay was used to determine relative densities of the biofilm cells grown in TSB, but not in TSBS, exposed to violet-blue light. The results indicated a statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease compared to the non-treated groups after the 2 or 6 h recovery period. Growth rates of planktonic and biofilm cells indicated a significant reduction in the growth rate of the violet-blue light-treated groups grown in TSB and TSBS. Biofilm viability assays confirmed a statistically significant difference between violet-blue light-treated and non-treated groups in TSB and TSBS. Visible violet-blue light of the electromagnetic spectrum has the ability to inhibit S. mutans growth and reduce the formation of S. mutans biofilm. This in vitro study demonstrated that violet-blue light has the capacity to inhibit S. mutans biofilm formation. Potential clinical applications of light therapy in the future remain bright in preventing the development and progression of dental caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace F Gomez
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 1121 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Ruijie Huang
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 1121 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section of South Renmin Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Meoghan MacPherson
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, 1947 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Andrea G Ferreira Zandona
- Department of Operative Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - School of Dentistry, 436 Brauer Hall, Room 447, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7450, USA
| | - Richard L Gregory
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 1121 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Rhodes NLR, de la Presa M, Barneck MD, Poursaid A, Firpo MA, Langell JT. Violet 405 nm light: A novel therapeutic agent against β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli. Lasers Surg Med 2015; 48:311-7. [PMID: 26711625 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Approximately 1.7 million patients are affected by hospital-acquired infections every year in the United States. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria associated with these infections prompts the investigation of alternative sterilization and antibacterial therapies. One method currently under investigation is the antibacterial properties of visible light. This study examines the effect of a visible light therapy (VLT) on β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli, a common non-skin flora pathogen responsible for a large percentage of indwelling medical device-associated clinical infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS 405 nm light-emitting diodes were used to treat varying concentrations of a common laboratory E. coli K-12 strain transformed with the pCIG mammalian expression vector. This conferred ampicillin resistance via expression of the β-lactamase gene. Bacteria were grown on sterile polystyrene Petri dishes plated with Luria-Bertani broth. Images of bacterial growth colonies on plates were processed and analyzed using ImageJ. Irradiance levels between 2.89 ± 0.19 and 9.45 ± 0.63 mW cm(-2) and radiant exposure levels between 5.60 ± 0.39 and 136.91 ± 4.06 J cm(-2) were tested. RESULTS VLT with variable irradiance and constant treatment time (120 minutes) demonstrated significant reduction (P < 0.001) in E. coli between an irradiance of 2.89 mW cm(-2) (81.70%) and 9.37 mW cm(-2) (100.00%). Similar results were found with variable treatment time with constant irradiance. Log10 reduction analysis produced between 1.98 ± 0.53 (60 minute treatment) and 6.27 ± 0.54 (250 minute treatment) log10 reduction in bacterial concentration (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We have successfully demonstrated a significant bacterial reduction using high intensity 405 nm light. Illustrating the efficacy of this technology against a β-lactam-resistant E. coli is especially relevant to the need for novel methods of sterilization in healthcare settings. These results suggest that VLT using 405 nm light could be a suitable clinical option for eradication of β-lactam-resistant E. coli. Visible light kills statistically significant concentrations of E. coli. Antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria exhibits sensitivity to 405 nm light. Greater than 6 log10 reduction in β-lactam-resistant E. coli when treated with visible light therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin de la Presa
- Department of General Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132
| | - Mitchell D Barneck
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, 97239
| | - Ahrash Poursaid
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Matthew A Firpo
- Department of General Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132
| | - John T Langell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112.,Department of General Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
La photothérapie dynamique antimicrobienne en dermatologie. Partie I : les infections bactériennes et fongiques. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2015; 142:782-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
122
|
Nielsen HK, Garcia J, Væth M, Schlafer S. Comparison of Riboflavin and Toluidine Blue O as Photosensitizers for Photoactivated Disinfection on Endodontic and Periodontal Pathogens In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140720. [PMID: 26469348 PMCID: PMC4607437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoactivated disinfection has a strong local antimicrobial effect. In the field of dentistry it is an emerging adjunct to mechanical debridement during endodontic and periodontal treatment. In the present study, we investigate the effect of photoactivated disinfection using riboflavin as a photosensitizer and blue LED light for activation, and compare it to photoactivated disinfection with the widely used combination of toluidine blue O and red light. Riboflavin is highly biocompatible and can be activated with LED lamps at hand in the dental office. To date, no reports are available on the antimicrobial effect of photoactivated disinfection using riboflavin/blue light on oral microorganisms. Planktonic cultures of eight organisms frequently isolated from periodontal and/or endodontic lesions (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherischia coli, Lactobacillus paracasei, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Propionibacterium acnes) were subjected to photoactivated disinfection with riboflavin/blue light and toluidine blue O/red light, and survival rates were determined by CFU counts. Within the limited irradiation time of one minute, photoactivated disinfection with riboflavin/blue light only resulted in minor reductions in CFU counts, whereas full kills were achieved for all organisms when using toluidine blue O/red light. The black pigmented anaerobes P. gingivalis and P. intermedia were eradicated completely by riboflavin/blue light, but also by blue light treatment alone, suggesting that endogenous chromophores acted as photosensitizers in these bacteria. On the basis of our results, riboflavin cannot be recommended as a photosensitizer used for photoactivated disinfection of periodontal or endodontic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Garcia
- Department of Dentistry, HEALTH, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Michael Væth
- Department of Biostatistics, HEALTH, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Schlafer
- Department of Dentistry, HEALTH, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Lafuente MT, Alférez F. Effect of LED Blue Light on Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum Strains. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:1412-21. [PMID: 26288067 DOI: 10.1111/php.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the antimicrobial properties of light have considerably increased due in part to the development of resistance to actual control methods. This study investigates the potential of light-emitting diodes (LED) blue light for controlling Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum. These fungi are the most devastating postharvest pathogens of citrus fruit and cause important losses due to contaminations and the development of resistant strains against fungicides. The effect of different periods and quantum fluxes, delaying light application on the growth and morphology of P. digitatum strains resistant and sensitive to fungicides, and P. italicum cultured at 20°C was examined. Results showed that blue light controls the growth of all strains and that its efficacy increases with the quantum flux. Spore germination was always avoided by exposing the cultures to high quantum flux (700 μmol m(-2) s(-1) ) for 18 h. Continuous light had an important impact on the fungus morphology and a fungicidal effect when applied at a lower quantum flux (120 μmol m(-2) s(-1) ) to a growing fungus. Sensitivity to light increased with mycelium age. Results show that blue light may be a tool for P. digitatum and P. italicum infection prevention during handling of citrus fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María T Lafuente
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Alférez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Topical PDT in the Treatment of Benign Skin Diseases: Principles and New Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23259-78. [PMID: 26404243 PMCID: PMC4632697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a photosensitizer, light energy, and molecular oxygen to cause cell damage. Cells exposed to the photosensitizer are susceptible to destruction upon light absorption because excitation of the photosensitizing agents leads to the production of reactive oxygen species and, subsequently, direct cytotoxicity. Using the intrinsic cellular heme biosynthetic pathway, topical PDT selectively targets abnormal cells, while preserving normal surrounding tissues. This selective cytotoxic effect is the basis for the use of PDT in antitumor treatment. Clinically, PDT is a widely used therapeutic regimen for oncologic skin conditions such as actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma in situ, and basal cell carcinoma. PDT has been shown, under certain circumstances, to stimulate the immune system and produce antibacterial, and/or regenerative effects while protecting cell viability. Thus, it may be useful for treating benign skin conditions. An increasing number of studies support the idea that PDT may be effective for treating acne vulgaris and several other inflammatory/infective skin diseases, including psoriasis, rosacea, viral warts, and aging-related changes. This review provides an overview of the clinical investigations of PDT and discusses each of the essential aspects of the sequence: its mechanism of action, common photosensitizers, light sources, and clinical applications in dermatology. Of the numerous clinical trials of PDT in dermatology, this review focuses on those studies that have reported remarkable therapeutic benefits following topical PDT for benign skin conditions such as acne vulgaris, viral warts, and photorejuvenation without causing severe side effects.
Collapse
|
125
|
Yu Y, Zhu X, Shen Y, Yao H, Wang P, Ye K, Wang X, Gu Q. Enhancing the vitamin B12 production and growth of Propionibacterium freudenreichii in tofu wastewater via a light-induced vitamin B12 riboswitch. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10481-8. [PMID: 26373724 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin B12-dependent riboswitch is a crucial factor that regulates gene transcription to mediate the growth of and vitamin B12 synthesis by Propionibacterium freudenreichii. In this study, the effect of various wavelengths of light on the growth rate and vitamin B12 synthesis was studied. Red, green, and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were selected, and a dark condition was used as the control. The microorganism growth rate was measured using a spectrophotometer and plate counting, while the vitamin B12 content was determined using an HPLC-based method. The optical density at 600 nm (OD600) values indicated that P. freudenreichii grew better under the continuous and discontinuous blue light conditions. Moreover, under the blue light condition, P. freudenreichii tended to have a higher growth rate (0.332 h(-1)) and vitamin B12 synthesis (ca. 10 μg/mL) in tofu wastewater than in dark conditions. HPLC analysis also showed that more methylcobalamin was produced under the blue light conditions than in the other conditions. The cbiB gene transcription results showed that blue light induced the synthesis of this vitamin B12 synthesis enzyme. Moreover, the results of inhibiting the expression of green fluorescent protein indicated that blue light removed the inhibition by the vitamin B12-dependent riboswitch. This method can be used to reduce fermentation time and produce more vitamin B12 in tofu wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Zhejiang Gongshang University, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, No. 18 Xuezheng Str., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Zhejiang Gongshang University, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, No. 18 Xuezheng Str., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China.
| | - Yubiao Shen
- Zhejiang Gongshang University, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, No. 18 Xuezheng Str., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Huanghong Yao
- Zhejiang Gongshang University, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, No. 18 Xuezheng Str., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Peiheng Wang
- Zhejiang Gongshang University, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, No. 18 Xuezheng Str., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Kun Ye
- Zhejiang Gongshang University, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, No. 18 Xuezheng Str., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Zhejiang Gongshang University, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, No. 18 Xuezheng Str., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Zhejiang Gongshang University, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, No. 18 Xuezheng Str., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
De Sordi L, Butt MA, Pye H, Kohoutova D, Mosse CA, Yahioglu G, Stamati I, Deonarain M, Battah S, Ready D, Allan E, Mullany P, Lovat LB. Development of Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) for Clostridium difficile. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135039. [PMID: 26313448 PMCID: PMC4551672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and pseudo membranous colitis in the developed world. The aim of this study was to explore whether Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) could be used as a novel approach to treating C. difficile infections. METHODS PACT utilises the ability of light-activated photosensitisers (PS) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as free radical species and singlet oxygen, which are lethal to cells. We screened thirteen PS against C. difficile planktonic cells, biofilm and germinating spores in vitro, and cytotoxicity of effective compounds was tested on the colorectal adenocarcinoma cell-line HT-29. RESULTS Three PS were able to kill 99.9% of bacteria in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, both in the planktonic state and in a biofilm, after exposure to red laser light (0.2 J/cm2) without harming model colon cells. The applicability of PACT to eradicate C. difficile germinative spores indirectly was also shown, by first inducing germination with the bile salt taurocholate, followed by PACT. CONCLUSION This innovative and simple approach offers the prospect of a new antimicrobial therapy using light to treat C. difficile infection of the colon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa De Sordi
- Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Research Department of Tissue & Energy, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Adil Butt
- Research Department of Tissue & Energy, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Gastrointestinal Services, University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Pye
- Research Department of Tissue & Energy, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darina Kohoutova
- Research Department of Tissue & Energy, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Gastrointestinal Services, University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles A. Mosse
- Research Department of Tissue & Energy, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gokhan Yahioglu
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- PhotoBiotics Ltd, Chemistry Building, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Stamati
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mahendra Deonarain
- PhotoBiotics Ltd, Chemistry Building, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sinan Battah
- Organix Ltd, Colchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Derren Ready
- Public Health Laboratory London, Pathology & Pharmacy Building, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Allan
- Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Mullany
- Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence B. Lovat
- Research Department of Tissue & Energy, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Gastrointestinal Services, University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Kumar A, Ghate V, Kim MJ, Zhou W, Khoo GH, Yuk HG. Kinetics of bacterial inactivation by 405nm and 520nm light emitting diodes and the role of endogenous coproporphyrin on bacterial susceptibility. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 149:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
128
|
Determination of porphyrins in oral bacteria by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7013-23. [PMID: 26168965 PMCID: PMC4551553 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms in the oral cavity can be visualized by fluorescence and a common assumption is that the endogenously produced porphyrins in certain bacteria give rise to this fluorescence. Porphyrin content in oral bacteria has been sparingly investigated, and non-selective detection techniques such as utilizing the Soret fluorescence band of porphyrins are often used. In the present study, a quantitative and selective method for the determination of porphyrins in oral bacteria has been developed and validated using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Lysis of bacteria using Tris-EDTA buffer together with ultrasonication showed high microbial killing efficiency ≥99.98 %, and sample clean-up using C18-solid phase extraction resulted in low matrix effects ≤14 % for all analytes. Using this method, the porphyrin content was determined in the two oral pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, as well as for baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Uroporphyrin, 7-carboxylporphyrin, 6-carboxylporphyrin, coproporphyrin, and protoporphyrin IX were identified in the investigated microorganisms, and it was shown that the porphyrin profile differs between the two bacteria, as well as for S. cerevisiae. To our knowledge, this is the first time the porphyrin profile has been determined for the bacterium A. actinomycetemcomitans. Determination of porphyrins in oral bacteria. ![]()
Collapse
|
129
|
Abstract
The use of light and laser in the treatment of acne is increasing as these modalities are safe, effective, and associated with no or minimal complications when used appropriately. These light and laser sources are also being used in combination with pharmacological and/or physical measures to synergize their effects and optimize the therapeutic outcome. This review focuses on optical devices used in treating acne and serves to delineate the current application of various methods, including their utility and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Pei
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Arun C Inamadar
- Department of Dermatology, SBMP Medical College, BLDE University, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Keshavmurthy A Adya
- Department of Dermatology, SBMP Medical College, BLDE University, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Maria M Tsoukas
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Reinhard A, Sandborn WJ, Melhem H, Bolotine L, Chamaillard M, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Photodynamic therapy as a new treatment modality for inflammatory and infectious conditions. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:637-57. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1032256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
131
|
Kwon PS. Antimicrobial Effects of Photodynamic Therapy Using Blue Light Emitting Diode with Photofrin and Radachlorine against Propionibacterium acnes. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2015.47.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pil-Seung Kwon
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan 570-750, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Ash C, Harrison A, Drew S, Whittall R. A randomized controlled study for the treatment of acne vulgaris using high-intensity 414 nm solid state diode arrays. J COSMET LASER THER 2015; 17:170-6. [PMID: 25594129 DOI: 10.3109/14764172.2015.1007064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of acne vulgaris poses a challenge to the dermatologist, and the disease causes emotional anxiety for the patient. The treatment of acne vulgaris may be well-suited to home-use applications, where sufferers may be too embarrassed to seek medical treatment. This randomized controlled study is designed to quantify the effectiveness of using a blue light device in a therapy combined with proprietary creams, in the investigation of a self-treatment regimen. A total of 41 adults with mild-to-moderate facial inflammatory acne were recruited. The subjects were randomly assigned to combination blue light therapy (n = 26) or control (n = 15). Photography was used for qualitative assessment of lesion counts, at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12. All subjects in the treatment cohort achieved a reduction in their inflammatory lesion counts after 12 weeks. The mean inflammatory lesion counts reduced by 50.02% in the treatment cohort, and increased by 2.45% in the control cohort. The reduction in inflammatory lesions was typically observable at week-3, and maximal between weeks 8 and 12. The treatment is free of pain and side-effects. The blue light device offers a valuable alternative to antibiotics and potentially irritating topical treatments. Blue light phototherapy, using a narrow-band LED light source, appears to be a safe and effective additional therapy for mild to moderate acne.
Collapse
|
133
|
Percival SL, Francolini I, Donelli G. Low-level laser therapy as an antimicrobial and antibiofilm technology and its relevance to wound healing. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:255-72. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The biostimulative effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in tissues has been noted in reference to the treatment of various diseases but little information exists on its effectiveness on chronic wounds and biofilm. The scope of this review was to identify literature reporting on LLLT alone, without photodynamic agents, as an antimicrobial/antibiofilm technology and determine its effects on wound healing. Overall the beneficial effects of LLLT in promoting wound healing in animal and human studies has been demonstrated. However, the lack of credible studies using reproducible models and light dosimetry restricts the analysis of current data. Efforts must be addressed to standardize phototherapy procedures as well as to develop suitable in vitro and in vivo biofilm models to test LLLT efficacy in promoting biofilm eradication and wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Percival
- Surface Science Research Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
134
|
Tree-Udom T, Thamyongkit P, Wiratkasem N, Chanchao C, Palaga T, Insin N, Rengpipat S, Pienpinijtham P, Wanichwecharungruang S. Harmonization of upconverting nanocrystals and photosensitizer for antimicrobial application. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18373a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective anti-P. acnesusing near infrared light is made possible by perfecting the matching between absorption wavelengths of the loaded photosensitizer and emission wavelengths of the upconverting nanoparticles with high UVA/visible emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thapakorn Tree-Udom
- Nanoscience and Technology Program
- Graduate School
- Chulalongkorn University
- Thailand
| | | | | | - Chanpen Chanchao
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Thailand
| | - Numpon Insin
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Thailand
| | - Sirirat Rengpipat
- Department of Microbiology
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Thailand
| | | | - Supason Wanichwecharungruang
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Thailand
- Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
|
136
|
Imada K, Tanaka S, Ibaraki Y, Yoshimura K, Ito S. Antifungal effect of 405-nm light on Botrytis cinerea. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 59:670-6. [PMID: 25236427 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is very little information on the fungistatic or fungicidal effect of visible light. This study investigated the effect of 405-nm light, generated by a light-emitting diode array, on the economically important fungus Botrytis cinerea. The mycelial growth of B. cinerea was inhibited to the greatest extent by light at 405 and 415 nm and was negligibly inactivated at 450 nm, suggesting the presence of a photosensitizing compound that absorbs light mainly at wavelengths of 405-415 nm. Delta-aminolevulinic acid, a precursor of endogenous photosensitizer porphyrins, was used to determine the role of these porphyrins in 405-nm light-mediated photoinactivation of the fungus. Concentration-dependent inhibition of spore germination by delta-aminolevulinic acid and accumulation of singlet oxygen in the spores was observed when the spores were exposed to 405-nm light. These results suggest that the excitation of endogenous porphyrins and subsequent accumulation of singlet oxygen could partially explain the 405-nm light-mediated photoinactivation of B. cinerea. The development of symptoms in detached tomato leaves inoculated with B. cinerea spores was significantly reduced by irradiation with 405-nm light, indicating that 405-nm light has a potential use for controlling plant diseases caused by B. cinerea. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) is a very successful necrotroph, causing serious losses in more than 200 crop hosts. This study investigated the antifungal effect of 405-nm light on this pathogen. Our results suggest that the excitation of endogenous porphyrins and subsequent accumulation of singlet oxygen contribute to the 405-nm light-mediated photoinactivation of grey mould. The development of symptoms in detached tomato leaves inoculated with B. cinerea spores was significantly inhibited by irradiation with 405-nm light, indicating that this wavelength of light has a potential use in controlling plant diseases caused by B. cinerea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Imada
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
137
|
Craig RA, McCoy CP, Gorman SP, Jones DS. Photosensitisers - the progression from photodynamic therapy to anti-infective surfaces. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:85-101. [PMID: 25247277 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.962512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The application of light as a stimulus in pharmaceutical systems and the associated ability to provide precise spatiotemporal control over location, wavelength and intensity, allowing ease of external control independent of environmental conditionals, has led to its increased use. Of particular note is the use of light with photosensitisers. AREAS COVERED Photosensitisers are widely used in photodynamic therapy to cause a cidal effect towards cells on irradiation due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. These cidal effects have also been used to treat infectious diseases. The effects and benefits of photosensitisers in the treatment of such conditions are still being developed and further realised, with the design of novel delivery strategies. This review provides an overview of the realisation of the pharmaceutically relevant uses of photosensitisers, both in the context of current research and in terms of current clinical application, and looks to the future direction of research. EXPERT OPINION Substantial advances have been and are being made in the use of photosensitisers. Of particular note are their antimicrobial applications, due to absence of resistance that is so frequently associated with conventional treatments. Their potency of action and the ability to immobilise to polymeric supports is opening a wide range of possibilities with great potential for use in healthcare infection prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Craig
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Pharmacy , 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL , UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
Abstract
The emergence of microbial resistance is becoming a global problem in clinical and environmental areas. As such, the development of drugs with novel modes of action will be vital to meet the threats created by the rise in microbial resistance. Microbial photodynamic inactivation is receiving considerable attention for its potentialities as a new antimicrobial treatment. This review addresses the interactions between photosensitizers and bacterial cells (binding site and cellular localization), the ultrastructural, morphological and functional changes observed at initial stages and during the course of photodynamic inactivation, the oxidative alterations in specific molecular targets, and a possible development of resistance.
Collapse
|
139
|
Maclean M, McKenzie K, Anderson J, Gettinby G, MacGregor S. 405 nm light technology for the inactivation of pathogens and its potential role for environmental disinfection and infection control. J Hosp Infect 2014; 88:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
140
|
Photodynamic therapy using 5-aminolevulinic acid and intense pulsed light against intense pulsed light alone in the treatment of acne vulgaris. JOURNAL OF THE EGYPTIAN WOMEN’S DERMATOLOGIC SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ewx.0000452298.99232.bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
141
|
Asayama-Kosaka S, Akilov OE, Kawana S. Photodynamic Therapy with 5% δ-Aminolevulinic Acid is Safe and Effective Treatment of Acne Vulgaris in Japanese Patients. Laser Ther 2014; 23:115-20. [PMID: 25071310 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.14-or-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) is effective therapy for acne vulgaris; however, relatively strong side effects limit its wide usage. We have previously demonstrated that ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX distribution with lower concentrations and shorter contact time of ALA resulted in focused damage in sebaceous glands in vivo. We have formulated a protocol for ALA-PDT using 5% ALA with 2 hours contact time. The objective of this study was to establish the effectiveness and side effect profile of the new protocol in humans. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eleven Japanese patients (Fitzpatrick's skin type III - IV, mean age 23.7±7.2) with facial acne received topical application of 5% ALA for 2 hours with subsequent illumination by a broadband light (600 - 1100 nm, 15J/cm(2), 60 mW/cm(2)). Subjects were evaluated prior to the procedure, 1 month, and 3 months after the treatment by a blinded dermatologist using the global acne grading system (GAGS). Side effects were monitored through the treatment period. RESULTS The mean GAGS score decreased from 22.1±3.8 at baseline to 19.4 at 1 month, and to 16.3 at 3 months after PDT (P<0.05). Ten of eleven patients experienced local side effects, such as erythema, which were of minimal to mild severity. However, most side effects were of minimal to mild severity, and all of them resolved within several days without post inflammatory hyper pigmentation. CONCLUSION Our protocol was effective for acne in Japanese and did not exhibit severe side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleg E Akilov
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Seiji Kawana
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Lee GS. Inflammatory Acne in the Asian Skin Type III Treated with a Square Pulse, Time Resolved Spectral Distribution IPL System: A Preliminary Study. Laser Ther 2014; 21:105-11. [PMID: 24610988 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.12-or-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Acne remains a severe problem for both patients and clinicians. Various approaches using photosurgery and phototherapy have been reported with varying degrees of success and robustness of results. An improved intense pulsed light (IPL) system has become available with interesting beam characteristic which might improve IPL treatment of inflammatory acne in the Asian skin, Fitzpatrick type III/IV. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The 18 study subjects comprised 15 females and 3 males with active mild to moderately severe inflammatory acne (mean age 25.3 ± 7.70 yr, range 17-47 yr, Burton scale 1-4, all Fitzpatrick type III Asian skin). They were treated once (8 subjects) or twice (10 subjects) with an IPL system offering both square pulse and time resolved spectral distribution technologies (420 nm cut-off filter, 30 ms pulse, 8 - 12 J/cm(2), 2-3 passes). Clinical photography was taken at baseline and at 4 weeks after the final treatment. Percentage of acne clearance was assessed by an independent dermatological panel and graded from zero to 5, 5 being total clearance. RESULTS All subjects completed the study. Post-treatment side effects were mild and transient, with virtually no downtime or postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) experienced by any subject. All subjects had some improvement and no exacerbation was seen in any subject. Clearance was evaluated by the panel as grade 4 in 5 subjects, grade 3 in 8, grade 2 in 4 and grade 1 in 1, so that 14 of 18 subjects (78%) had clearance of at least 60%. Patient evaluation was in general slightly better than that of the panel. CONCLUSIONS The special beam characteristics of the IPL system used in the present preliminary study achieved good to very good results in the treatment of acne in the Fitzpatrick type III Asian skin without PIH induction. The results suggested that acne treatment in the Asian skin using this system is both safe and effective, and merits larger population studies to further optimize parameters and standardize top-up treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Soo Lee
- Drs Woo & Hann's Skin & Laser Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Shu M, Kuo S, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Liu YT, Gallo RL, Huang CM. Porphyrin metabolisms in human skin commensal Propionibacterium acnes bacteria: potential application to monitor human radiation risk. Curr Med Chem 2014; 20:562-8. [PMID: 23231351 DOI: 10.2174/0929867311320040007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, is a commensal organism in human skin. Like human cells, the bacteria produce porphyrins, which exhibit fluorescence properties and make bacteria visible with a Wood's lamp. In this review, we compare the porphyrin biosynthesis in humans and P. acnes. Also, since P. acnes living on the surface of skin receive the same radiation exposure as humans, we envision that the changes in porphyrin profiles (the absorption spectra and/or metabolism) of P. acnes by radiation may mirror the response of human cells to radiation. The porphyrin profiles of P. acnes may be a more accurate reflection of radiation risk to the patient than other biodosimeters/biomarkers such as gene up-/down-regulation, which may be non-specific due to patient related factors such as autoimmune diseases. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and possible solutions for using the P. acnes response to predict the radiation risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Shu
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Liu LH, Fan X, An YX, Zhang J, Wang CM, Yang RY. Randomized trial of three phototherapy methods for the treatment of acne vulgaris in Chinese patients. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2014; 30:246-53. [PMID: 24313686 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology; General Hospital of Beijing Military Region of PLA; Beijing China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Dermatology; General Hospital of Beijing Military Region of PLA; Beijing China
| | - Yu-Xi An
- Department of Dermatology; General Hospital of Beijing Military Region of PLA; Beijing China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology; General Hospital of Beijing Military Region of PLA; Beijing China
| | - Cong-Min Wang
- Department of Dermatology; General Hospital of Beijing Military Region of PLA; Beijing China
| | - Rong-Ya Yang
- Department of Dermatology; General Hospital of Beijing Military Region of PLA; Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Gupta A, Huang Y, Murray CK, Vrahas MS, Sherwood ME, Baer DG, Hamblin MR, Dai T. Antimicrobial blue light therapy for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection in a mouse burn model: implications for prophylaxis and treatment of combat-related wound infections. J Infect Dis 2013; 209:1963-71. [PMID: 24381206 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the utility of antimicrobial blue light therapy for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection in a mouse burn model. A bioluminescent clinical isolate of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii was obtained. The susceptibility of A. baumannii to blue light (415 nm)-inactivation was compared in vitro to that of human keratinocytes. Repeated cycles of sublethal inactivation of bacterial by blue light were performed to investigate the potential resistance development of A. baumannii to blue light. A mouse model of third degree burn infected with A. baumannii was developed. A single exposure of blue light was initiated 30 minutes after bacterial inoculation to inactivate A. baumannii in mouse burns. It was found that the multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strain was significantly more susceptible than keratinocytes to blue light inactivation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed blue light-induced ultrastructural damage in A. baumannii cells. Fluorescence spectroscopy suggested that endogenous porphyrins exist in A. baumannii cells. Blue light at an exposure of 55.8 J/cm(2) significantly reduced the bacterial burden in mouse burns. No resistance development to blue light inactivation was observed in A. baumannii after 10 cycles of sublethal inactivation of bacteria. No significant DNA damage was detected in mouse skin by means of a skin TUNEL assay after a blue light exposure of 195 J/cm(2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunsong Zhang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou
| | - Yingbo Zhu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Asheesh Gupta
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Yingying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | - Mark S Vrahas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | | | - David G Baer
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Blue light kills Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans due to its endogenous photosensitizers. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:1763-9. [PMID: 24297656 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA) can be killed by irradiation with blue light derived from a LED light-curing unit due to its endogenous photosensitizers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Planktonic cultures of AA and Escherichia coli were irradiated with blue light from a bluephase® C8 light-curing unit with an emission peak at 460 nm, which is usually applied for polymerization of dental resins. A CFU-assay was performed for the analysis of viable bacteria after treatment. Moreover, bacterial cells were lysed and the lysed AA and E. coli were investigated for generation of singlet oxygen. Spectroscopic measurements of lysed AA and E. coli were performed and analyzed for characteristic absorption and emission peaks. RESULTS A light dose of 150 J/cm(2) induced a reduction of ≥5 log10 steps of viable AA, whereas no effect of blue light was found against E. coli. Spectrally resolved measurements of singlet oxygen luminescence showed clearly that a singlet oxygen signal is generated from lysed AA upon excitation at 460 nm. Spectroscopic measurements of lysed AA exhibited characteristic absorption and emission peaks similar to those of known porphyrins and flavins. CONCLUSIONS AA can be inactivated by irradiation with blue light only, without application of an exogenous photosensitizer. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results encourage further studies on the potential use of these blue light-mediated auto-photosensitization processes in the treatment of periodontitis for the successful inactivation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
Collapse
|
147
|
Scharschmidt TC, Fischbach MA. What Lives On Our Skin: Ecology, Genomics and Therapeutic Opportunities Of the Skin Microbiome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 10. [PMID: 24273587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmec.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our skin is home to a rich community of microorganisms. Recent advances in sequencing technology have allowed more accurate enumeration of these human-associated microbiota and investigation of their genomic content. Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium represent the dominant bacterial genera on skin and illustrate how bacteria adapt to life in this harsh environment and also provide us with unique benefits. In healthy states, our skin peacefully co-exists with commensal bacteria while fending off potentially dangerous invaders. Disruption of this equilibrium, termed "dysbiosis", can result from changes in the composition of our skin bacteria, an altered immune response to them, or both and may be a driving factor in certain types of inflammatory skin disease. Engineering topical therapeutics to favourably influence the composition of our skin flora and optimize interactions with them represents a real therapeutic opportunity for the field of dermatology and warrants additional investigation into skin microbial ecology and disease mechanisms related to host-microbe dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Scharschmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, 1701 Divisadero Street, 3 Floor, San Francisco, CA 94115
| | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Bédane C. [Photodynamic therapy in dermatology, other indications and perspectives]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2013; 140 Suppl 2:229-35. [PMID: 24199715 DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(13)70139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PDT licensed indications in dermatology are actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease and superficial basal cell carcinomas. Skin tumors are sensitized by methyl aminomevulinate then illuminated with red light. Beyond these indication PDT is now widely used for the treatment of various others skin tumors and infectious or inflammatory skin disorders. PDT treatment of large areas can induce intense pain. Optimising PDT treatment needs to optimize pain control. Freezing or cooling procedure is the best way to decrease pain. The most interesting aspects of PDT is the absence of severe delayed adverse events and an optimal healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ch Bédane
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Dupuytren, 2 avenue Martin Luther King 87042 Limoges, France.
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Kim S, Kim J, Lim W, Jeon S, Kim O, Koh JT, Kim CS, Choi H, Kim O. In vitro bactericidal effects of 625, 525, and 425 nm wavelength (red, green, and blue) light-emitting diode irradiation. Photomed Laser Surg 2013; 31:554-62. [PMID: 24138193 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of 625, 525, and 425 nm wavelengths, providing average power output and effects on three common pathogenic bacteria. BACKGROUND DATA Ultraviolet (UV) light kills bacteria, but the bactericidal effects of UV may not be unique, as 425 nm produces a similar effect. The bactericidal effects of light-emitting diode (LED) wavelengths such as 625 and 525 nm have not been described. Before conducting clinical trials, the appropriate wavelength with reasonable dose and exposure time should be established. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bactericidal effects of 625, 525, and 425 nm wavelength LED irradiation were investigated in vitro for the anaerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis and two aerobes (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli DH5α). Average power output was 6 mW/cm(2) for 1 h. The bacteria were exposed to LED irradiation for 1, 2, 4, and 8 h (21.6, 43.2, 86.4, and 172.8 J/cm(2), respectively). LED irradiation was performed during growth on agar and in broth. Control bacteria were incubated without LED irradiation. Bacterial growth was expressed in colony-forming units (CFU) and at an optical density at 600 nm in agar and broth. RESULTS The bactericidal effect of LED phototherapy depended upon wavelength, power density, bacterial viable number, and bacteria species. The bactericidal effect of 425 and 525 nm irradiation varied depending upon the bacterial inoculation, compared with unirradiated samples and samples irradiated with red light. Especially, P. gingivalis and E. coli DH5α were killed by 425 nm, and S. aureus growth was inhibited by 525 nm. However, the wavelength of 625 nm was not bactericidal for P. gingivalis, E. coli DH5α, or S. aureus. CONCLUSIONS Irradiation at 625 nm light was not bactericidal to S. aureus, E. coli, and P. gingivalis, whereas wavelengths of 425 and 525 nm had bactericidal effects. S. aureus was also killed at 525 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SangWoo Kim
- 1 Department of Oral Pathology, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University , Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
150
|
Yin R, Dai T, Avci P, Jorge AES, de Melo WCMA, Vecchio D, Huang YY, Gupta A, Hamblin MR. Light based anti-infectives: ultraviolet C irradiation, photodynamic therapy, blue light, and beyond. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:731-62. [PMID: 24060701 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance, researchers are investigating alternative anti-infective strategies to which it is supposed microorganisms will be unable to develop resistance. Prominent among these strategies, is a group of approaches which rely on light to deliver the killing blow. As is well known, ultraviolet light, particularly UVC (200-280 nm), is germicidal, but it has not been much developed as an anti-infective approach until recently, when it was realized that the possible adverse effects to host tissue were relatively minor compared to its high activity in killing pathogens. Photodynamic therapy is the combination of non-toxic photosensitizing dyes with harmless visible light that together produce abundant destructive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Certain cationic dyes or photosensitizers have good specificity for binding to microbial cells while sparing host mammalian cells and can be used for treating many localized infections, both superficial and even deep-seated by using fiber optic delivered light. Many microbial cells are highly sensitive to killing by blue light (400-470 nm) due to accumulation of naturally occurring photosensitizers such as porphyrins and flavins. Near infrared light has also been shown to have antimicrobial effects against certain species. Clinical applications of these technologies include skin, dental, wound, stomach, nasal, toenail and other infections which are amenable to effective light delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|