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Zhou J, Gong G, Tan H, Dai F, Zhu X, Chen Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Chen P, Wu X, Wen J. Urinary microRNA-30a-5p is a potential biomarker for ovarian serous adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2915-23. [PMID: 25962395 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as biomarkers in human cancer. To determine the clinical value of urinary miRNAs for ovarian serous adenocarcinoma, we collected urine samples from 39 ovarian serous adenocarcinoma patients, 26 patients with benign gynecological disease and 30 healthy controls. The miRNA microarray data showed that only miR-30a-5p was upregulated and 37 miRNAs were downregulated in the urine samples of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma patients, when compared to healthy controls, which was confirmed after conducting quantitative PCR. The upregulation of urinary miR-30a-5p was closely associated with early stage of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma as well as lymphatic metastasis. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated the potential use of urinary miR-30a-5p as a diagnostic marker for ovarian serous adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, a lower urine level of miR-30a-5p was found in 20 gastric cancer and 20 colon carcinoma patients when compared to ovarian serous adenocarcinoma, suggesting that the upregulation of urinary miR-30a-5p may be specific for ovarian serous adenocarcinoma. miR-30a-5p was also upregulated in ovarian serous adenocarcinoma tissues and cell lines, while urinary miR-30a-5p from ovarian cancer patients was notably reduced following the surgical removal of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma, suggesting that urinary miR-30a-5p was derived from the ovarian serous adenocarcinoma tissue. Notably, miR-30a-5p was concentrated with exosomes from the ovarian cancer cell supernatant or urine from ovarian serous adenocarcinoma patients, supporting a pathway for excretion into the urine. The results also showed that the knockdown of miR-30a-5p significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells. In summary, to the best of our knowledge, the present study provided the first evidence of increased miR-30a-5p in the urine of ovarian serous adeno-carcinoma patients, while the inhibition of miR-30a-5p suppressed the malignant phenotypes of ovarian cancer in vitro. Therefore, miR-30a-5p serves as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for ovarian serous adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Gong
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hong Tan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Furong Dai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yile Chen
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Hunan Tumor Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Junpu Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Puxiang Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jifang Wen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Lorenzen JM. Vascular and circulating microRNAs in renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury. J Physiol 2015; 593:1777-84. [PMID: 25691473 DOI: 10.1113/jp270318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of the kidney is a major cause of acute kidney injury. It may result in worsening or even loss of organ function. Transient occlusion of the renal vessel is followed by a reperfusion period, which induces further tissue damage by release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury of the kidney may be associated with surgical interventions in native kidneys and is also a common and unavoidable phenomenon in kidney transplantation. MicroRNAs are fascinating modulators of gene expression. They are capable of post-transcriptional silencing of genetic information by targeting the 3'-untranslated region of mRNAs, culminating in a suppression of protein synthesis or an increase in mRNA degradation. They might therefore be useful diagnostic and therapeutic entities during renal I/R injury; for instance, miR-21 has been shown to be enriched in kidney tissue in mice and humans with acute kidney injury. Interestingly, most recent literature suggests that modulation of vascular microRNAs might result in the amelioration of kidney function during renal I/R injury. To that end, miR-126 and miR-24, which have been demonstrated to be highly enriched in endothelial cells, were therapeutically modulated and shown to ameliorate renal I/R injury in mice. MicroRNAs in plasma, urine or enriched in microvesicles have been shown to serve as non-invasive tools for disease monitoring and to have potential impact on downstream mechanisms in recipient cells. This review highlights the latest developments regarding the role of microRNAs in renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan M Lorenzen
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Papadopoulos T, Belliere J, Bascands JL, Neau E, Klein J, Schanstra JP. miRNAs in urine: a mirror image of kidney disease? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:361-74. [PMID: 25660955 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1009449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that control post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They are found ubiquitously in tissue and body fluids and participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Due to these characteristics and their stability, miRNAs could serve as biomarkers of different pathologies of the kidney. Urine is a non-invasive reservoir of molecules, especially indicative of the urinary system. In this review, we focus on urinary miRNAs and their potential to serve as biomarkers in kidney disease. Past studies show that urinary miRNAs correlate with renal dysfunctions and with processes involved in the pathophysiology. However, these studies also stress the need for future research focusing on large-scale studies to confirm the usability of urinary miRNAs as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers of different kidney diseases in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofilos Papadopoulos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, B.P. 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Schlickeiser S, Boës D, Streitz M, Sawitzki B. The use of novel diagnostics to individualize immunosuppression following transplantation. Transpl Int 2015; 28:911-20. [PMID: 25611562 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite major improvements in short-term survival of organ allografts, long-term graft survival has not changed significantly. It is also known that toxic side effects of current immunosuppressive drugs (IS) especially calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) contribute to the unsatisfactory graft and patient survival following transplantation. Thus, clinicians strive to reduce or wean IS in potentially eligible patients. Research in the last 10 years has focussed on identification of biomarkers suitable for patient stratification in minimization or weaning trials. Most of the described biomarkers have been run retrospectively on samples collected within single-centre trials. Thus, often their performance has not been validated in other potentially multicentre clinical trials. Ultimately, the utility of biomarkers to identify potential weaning candidates should be investigated in large randomized prospective trials. In particular, for testing in such trials, we need more information about the accuracy, reproducibility, stability and limitations of the described biomarkers. Also, data repositories summarizing crucial information on biomarker performance in age- and gender-matched healthy individuals of different ethnicity are missing. This together with improved bioinformatics tools might help in developing better scores for patient stratification. Here, we will summarize the current results, knowledge and limitations on biomarkers for drug minimization or weaning trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Schlickeiser
- Institute of Medical Immunology, CCM, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Boës
- Institute of Medical Immunology, CCM, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Streitz
- Institute of Medical Immunology, CCM, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical Immunology, CCM, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), CVK, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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105
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MicroRNAs as master regulators of immune responses in transplant recipients. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2015; 20:29-36. [DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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106
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Mlcochova H, Hezova R, Meli AC, Slaby O. Urinary microRNAs as a new class of noninvasive biomarkers in oncology, nephrology, and cardiology. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1218:439-463. [PMID: 25319667 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1538-5_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression. In the last decade, number of evidences showing miRNAs contribution to the regulation of apoptosis, cellular proliferation, differentiation, and other important cellular processes is constantly growing. Specific miRNA expression signatures have been identified in variety of human cancers as well as pathologies of cardiovascular and urinary systems. Our chapter focuses on the potential of urinary miRNAs to serve as biomarkers in uro-oncology, nephrology, and cardiology. We discuss in detail recent knowledge about the origin of urinary miRNAs, their stability, quality control, and their utility as a potential new class of biomarkers in medicine. Finally, we summarize the studies focusing on detection and characterization of urinary miRNAs as potential biomarkers in urologic cancers, nephrology, and cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Mlcochova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
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107
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Jelencsics K, Oberbauer R. microRNA and Kidney Transplantation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 888:271-90. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22671-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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108
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Ong S, Mannon RB. Genomic and proteomic fingerprints of acute rejection in peripheral blood and urine. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2014; 29:60-7. [PMID: 25542607 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute dysfunction of a kidney transplant can be the result of many different etiologies and an allograft biopsy is frequently necessary to diagnose acute rejection. This invasive procedure, while generally safe, is time consuming, costly and inconvenient. We summarize recent advances in genomic and proteomic techniques using peripheral blood and urine for the diagnosis of acute rejection. While much progress has been made, validation of these new molecular tests in the clinical setting is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Roslyn B Mannon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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109
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110
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Li X, Zhuang S. Recent advances in renal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy after kidney transplantation. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2014; 7:15. [PMID: 25285155 PMCID: PMC4185272 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-7-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although kidney transplantation has been an important means for the treatment of patients with end stage of renal disease, the long-term survival rate of the renal allograft remains a challenge. The cause of late renal allograft loss, once known as chronic allograft nephropathy, has been renamed “interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy” (IF/TA) to reflect the histologic pattern seen on biopsy. The mechanisms leading to IF/TA in the transplanted kidney include inflammation, activation of renal fibroblasts, and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Identifying the mediators and factors that trigger IF/TA may be useful in early diagnosis and development of novel therapeutic strategies for improving long-term renal allograft survival and patient outcomes. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in our understanding of IF/TA from three aspects: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China ; Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Middle House 301, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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111
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Campbell KN, He JC. Can biomarkers of disease activity guide treatment in FSGS? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 9:1507-9. [PMID: 25107950 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.07170714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk N Campbell
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John C He
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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112
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Abstract
Advances in pharmacologic immunosuppression are responsible for the excellent outcomes experienced by recipients of liver transplants. However, long-term follow-up of these patients reveals an increasing burden of morbidity and mortality that is attributable to these drugs. The authors summarize the agents used in contemporary liver transplantation immunosuppression protocols and discuss the emerging trend within the community to minimize or eliminate these agents from use. The authors present recently published data that may provide the foundation for immunosuppression minimization or tolerance induction in the future and review studies that have focused on the utility of biomarkers in guiding immunosuppression management.
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113
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Khalid U, Bowen T, Fraser DJ, Jenkins RH. Acute kidney injury: a paradigm for miRNA regulation of the cell cycle. Biochem Soc Trans 2014; 42:1219-23. [PMID: 25110028 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
miRNAs are small, endogenous, post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. AKI (acute kidney injury) of various aetiologies, including trauma, sepsis and IRI (ischaemia/reperfusion injury) in the context of kidney transplantation, or drug toxicity, has a high morbidity and mortality rate and presents a significant burden to health services worldwide. AKI primarily affects the renal cortex, in particular PTCs (proximal tubular epithelial cells). Current research demonstrates causality between G2/M cell cycle arrest of PTCs and AKI. Recent findings from our laboratory and others presented in this review implicate miRNA regulation of the cell cycle in the pathology of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy Bowen
- *Department of Nephrology, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K
| | - Donald J Fraser
- *Department of Nephrology, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K
| | - Robert H Jenkins
- *Department of Nephrology, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K
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114
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Urine miRNA in nephrotic syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 436:308-13. [PMID: 24992527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is a common problem in clinical nephrology. In general, nephrotic syndrome is pathognomonic of glomerular disease, but the underlying pathological etiology is highly variable. Although kidney biopsy is the standard method to classify the histology and determine the extent of renal scarring, it is an invasive procedure with potential complications, and is generally not suitable for serial monitoring. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. Recent studies show that the urinary levels of several miRNAs are significantly changed in nephrotic syndrome; some appear to be disease specific, others being damage related. Specifically, urinary miR-192 level is lower in patients with diabetic nephropathy than other causes of nephrotic syndrome, while patients with minimal change nephropathy or focal glomerulosclerosis had higher urinary miR-200c level than those with other diagnosis. Elevated urinary miR-21, miR-216a, and miR-494 levels may predict a high risk of disease progression and renal function loss, irrespective of the histological diagnosis. Furthermore, a number of small scale studies suggest that the urinary levels of certain miRNA targets may assist in the diagnosis and assessment of disease activity in patients with lupus nephritis. Since miRNA in urinary sediment is relatively stable and easily quantified, it has the potential to be developed as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and monitoring. However, available published evidence is limited to small scale studies. Further research is urgently needed in many areas.
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115
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Hale A, Lee C, Annis S, Min PK, Pande R, Creager MA, Julian CG, Moore LG, Mitsialis SA, Hwang SJ, Kourembanas S, Chan SY. An Argonaute 2 switch regulates circulating miR-210 to coordinate hypoxic adaptation across cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2528-42. [PMID: 24983771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Complex organisms may coordinate molecular responses to hypoxia by specialized avenues of communication across multiple tissues, but these mechanisms are poorly understood. Plasma-based, extracellular microRNAs have been described, yet their regulation and biological functions in hypoxia remain enigmatic. We found a unique pattern of release of the hypoxia-inducible microRNA-210 (miR-210) from hypoxic and reoxygenated cells. This microRNA is also elevated in human plasma in physiologic and pathologic conditions of altered oxygen demand and delivery. Released miR-210 can be delivered to recipient cells, and the suppression of its direct target ISCU and mitochondrial metabolism is primarily evident in hypoxia. To regulate these hypoxia-specific actions, prolyl-hydroxylation of Argonaute 2 acts as a molecular switch that reciprocally modulates miR-210 release and intracellular activity in source cells as well as regulates intracellular activity in recipient cells after miR-210 delivery. Therefore, Argonaute 2-dependent control of released miR-210 represents a unique communication system that integrates the hypoxic response across anatomically distinct cells, preventing unnecessary activity of delivered miR-210 in normoxia while still preparing recipient tissues for incipient hypoxic stress and accelerating adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hale
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Changjin Lee
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sofia Annis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pil-Ki Min
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Reena Pande
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark A Creager
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Colleen G Julian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Lorna G Moore
- Department of Medicine, and Obstetrics-Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sarah J Hwang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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117
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Abstract
IgA nephropathy is globally the most common primary glomerulonephritis, but the pathogenesis of this condition is still only partially understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. Genome-wide analysis of renal miRNA expression has identified a number of novel miRNAs related to immunological and pathological changes. Specifically, overexpression of miR-148b might explain the aberrant glycosylation of IgA1, which has a central pathogenetic role in the early phase of IgA nephropathy. By contrast, miR-29c is an antifibrotic miRNA that is probably important in the late stages of disease progression. In addition, urinary levels of several miRNAs are significantly changed in patients with IgA nephropathy compared with healthy individuals; some alterations seem to be disease-specific, whereas others are apparently damage-related. As miRNAs in urinary sediment are relatively stable and easily quantified, they have the potential to be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease. However, to date, limited data are available on the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy and their potential application as biomarkers. Consequently, further studies are urgently needed to address this shortfall. Here, we review the available literature on miRNAs in relation to IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, 9th Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip K-T Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, 9th Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong, China
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118
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Amrouche L, Rabant M, Anglicheau D. MicroRNAs as biomarkers of graft outcome. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2014; 28:111-8. [PMID: 24797471 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dramatic improvements in short-term graft outcomes after solid organ transplantation over the past decade have not translated into major improvements in long-term allograft acceptance and patient survival. Innovative approaches to develop individualized therapy for the graft recipient are critically needed and have stimulated active research in the field of biomarker discovery. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as important regulators of gene and protein expression by RNA interference. They are implicated in many biological processes and diseases. Their characteristics prompted their evaluation as candidate molecular markers to evaluate the transplant patient: their expression profile is specifically altered in pathological conditions, they can be easily detected and quantified in tissues, and they are highly stable in almost all body fluids, allowing the development of non-invasive approaches. We aimed to review the existing knowledge about miRNA biogenesis and function and summarize the recent findings demonstrating their potential use as biomarkers in solid organ transplantation. Although they still need to be validated in larger patient cohorts, miRNAs are not far from being used in transplant clinical practice as usefulness biomarkers. Ongoing multi-center trials should help to further define the clinical utility of miRNA profiles as biomarkers of allograft status and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Amrouche
- INSERM U1151, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adulte, Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rabant
- INSERM U1151, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique, Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- INSERM U1151, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adulte, Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; RTRS Centaure, LabEx Transplantex.
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119
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Mall C, Rocke DM, Durbin-Johnson B, Weiss RH. Stability of miRNA in human urine supports its biomarker potential. Biomark Med 2014; 7:623-31. [PMID: 23905899 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM miRNAs are showing utility as biomarkers in urologic disease, however, a rigorous evaluation of their stability in urine is lacking. Here, we evaluate the stability of miRNAs in urine under clinically relevant storage procedures. MATERIALS & METHODS Eight healthy individuals provided clean catch urine samples that were stored at room temperature or at 4°C for 5 days, or subjected to ten freeze-thaw cycles at -80°C. For each condition, two miRNAs, miR-16 and miR-21, were quantitated by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS All conditions demonstrated a surprising degree of stability of miRNAs in the urine: by the end of ten freeze-thaw cycles, 23-37% of the initial amount remained; over the 5-day period of storage at room temperature, 35% of the initial amount remained; and at 4°C, 42-56% of the initial amount remained. Both miRNAs also showed degradation at approximately the same rate. CONCLUSION miRNAs are relatively stable in urine under a variety of storage conditions, which supports their utility as urinary biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mall
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Genome & Biomedical Sciences Building, Room 6312, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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120
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Danger R, Braza F, Giral M, Soulillou JP, Brouard S. MicroRNAs, Major Players in B Cells Homeostasis and Function. Front Immunol 2014; 5:98. [PMID: 24653724 PMCID: PMC3949129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a main actor in humoral immunity, B cells participate in various antibody-related disorders. However, a deeper understanding of B-cell differentiation and function is needed in order to decipher their immune-modulatory roles, notably with the recent highlighting of regulatory B cells. microRNAs (miRNAs), key factors in various biological and pathological processes, have been shown to be essential for B-cell homeostasis, and therefore understanding their participation in B-cell biology could help identify biomarkers and contribute toward curing B-cell-related immune disorders. This review aims to report studies casting light on the roles played by miRNAs in B-cell lineage and function and B-cell-related immune pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Danger
- Institute of Liver Studies, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College Hospital, King's College London , London , UK ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Faouzi Braza
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Magali Giral
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôtel Dieu , Nantes , France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôtel Dieu , Nantes , France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôtel Dieu , Nantes , France
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Hashmi SK, Baranov E, Gonzalez A, Olthoff K, Shaked A. Genomics of liver transplant injury and regeneration. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2014; 29:23-32. [PMID: 24746681 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While improved surgical techniques, post-operative care, and immunosuppression regimens have reduced morbidity and mortality associated with orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), further improvement of outcomes requires personalized treatment and a better understanding of genomic mechanisms involved. Gene expression profiles of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, regeneration, and rejection, may suggest mechanisms for development of better predictive tools and treatments. The liver is unique in its regenerative potential, recovering lost mass and function after injury from ischemia, resection, and rejection. I/R injury, an inevitable consequence of perfusion cessation, cold storage, and reperfusion, is regulated by the interaction of the immune system, inflammatory cytokines, and reduced microcirculatory blood flow in the liver. Rejection, a common post-operative complication, is mediated by the recipient's immune system through T-cell-dependent responses activating proinflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Characterizing distinctive gene expression signatures for these events can identify therapies to reduce injury, promote regeneration, and improve outcomes. While certain markers of liver injury and regeneration have been observed in animals, many of these are unverified in human studies. Further investigation of these genomic signatures and mechanisms through new technology offers promise, but continues to pose a significant challenge. An overview of the current fund of knowledge in this area is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Khalid Hashmi
- Penn Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Esther Baranov
- Penn Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ana Gonzalez
- Penn Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kim Olthoff
- Penn Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Abraham Shaked
- Penn Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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122
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Wei Q, Mi QS, Dong Z. The regulation and function of microRNAs in kidney diseases. IUBMB Life 2014; 65:602-14. [PMID: 23794512 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenous short noncoding RNAs, which regulate virtually all major cellular processes by inhibiting target gene expression. In kidneys, miRNAs have been implicated in renal development, homeostasis, and physiological functions. In addition, miRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of various renal diseases, including renal carcinoma, diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, hypertensive nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, and others. Furthermore, miRNAs may have great values as biomarkers in different kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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123
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Maluf DG, Dumur CI, Suh JL, Scian MJ, King AL, Cathro H, Lee JK, Gehrau RC, Brayman KL, Gallon L, Mas VR. The urine microRNA profile may help monitor post-transplant renal graft function. Kidney Int 2014; 85:439-49. [PMID: 24025639 PMCID: PMC3946645 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive, cost-effective biomarkers that allow accurate monitoring of graft function are needed in kidney transplantation. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising disease biomarkers, we sought to establish an miRNA signature in urinary cell pellets comparing kidney transplant patients diagnosed with chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy and those recipients with normal graft function. Overall, we evaluated 191 samples from 125 deceased donor primary kidney transplant recipients in the discovery, initial validation, and the longitudinal validation studies for noninvasive monitoring of graft function. Of 1733 mature miRNAs studied using microarrays, 22 were found to be differentially expressed between groups. Ontology and pathway analyses showed inflammation as the principal biological function associated with these miRNAs. Twelve selected miRNAs were longitudinally evaluated in urine samples of an independent set of 66 patients, at two time points after kidney transplant. A subset of these miRNAs was found to be differentially expressed between groups early after kidney transplant before histological allograft injury was evident. Thus, a panel of urine miRNAs was identified as potential biomarkers for monitoring graft function and anticipating progression to CAD in kidney transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Maluf
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery, PO Box 800679, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0679
| | - Catherine I Dumur
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Pathology, PO Box 980662, VA 23298-0662
| | - Jihee L Suh
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery, PO Box 800679, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0679
| | - Mariano J Scian
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery, PO Box 800679, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0679
| | - Anne L King
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Division of Transplant, PO Box 980645, VA 23219-0645
| | - Helen Cathro
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Pathology, PO Box 980662, VA 23298-0662
| | - Jae K Lee
- University of Virginia, Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, PO Box 800717, VA 22908-0717
| | - Ricardo C Gehrau
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery, PO Box 800679, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0679
| | - Kenneth L Brayman
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery, PO Box 800679, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0679
| | - Lorenzo Gallon
- Northwestern University, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Valeria R Mas
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery, PO Box 800679, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0679
- Corresponding author: Valeria Mas, Ph.D., Associate Professor Research Surgery, Co-Director Transplant Research, Director Translational Genomics Transplant Laboratory, Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Department of Surgery, PO Box 800679, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0679,
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124
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Abstract
The immune management of organ transplant recipients is imperfect. Beyond general dosing guidelines for immunosuppressive agents and clinical diagnostic tests for rejection or infection, there are few objective tools to determine the aggregate status of a patient's alloimmune response or protective immune capacity. The lack of prognostic precision significantly contributes to patient morbidity and reduces long-term allograft survival after kidney transplantation. Noninvasive biomarkers that could serve as predictive tools or surrogate end points for rejection might help clinicians individualize immunosuppression and allow for early intervention, ideally prior to clinically evident organ dysfunction. Although the growing understanding of organ rejection has provided numerous candidate biomarkers, none has been confirmed in robust validation studies as sufficiently useful to guide clinical practice independent of traditional clinical methods. In this Review, the general characteristics of biomarkers and surrogate end points; current biomarkers under active clinical investigation; and the prominent barriers to the translation of biomarkers into clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise J Lo
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, #5105-WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bruce Kaplan
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Center for Transplantation, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Allan D Kirk
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, #5105-WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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125
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Scian MJ, Maluf DG, Mas VR. MiRNAs in kidney transplantation: potential role as new biomarkers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 13:93-104. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.12.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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126
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent revolutionary advances made in genome-wide sequencing technology have transformed biology and molecular diagnostics, allowing new sRNA (small RNA) classes to be discovered as potential disease-specific biological indicators. Cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to exist stably in a wide spectrum of body fluids and their expression profiles have been shown to reflect an assortment of physiological conditions, underscoring the utility of this new class of molecules to function as noninvasive biomarkers of disease. CONTENT We summarize information on the known mechanisms of miRNA protection and release into extracellular space and compile the current literature on extracellular miRNAs that have been investigated as biomarkers of 20 different cancers, 11 organ damage conditions and 10 diverse disease states. We also discuss the various strategies involved in the miRNA biomarker discovery workflow and provide a critical opinion on the impediments faced by this advancing field that need to be overcome in the laboratory. SUMMARY The field of miRNA-centered diagnostics is still in its infancy, and basic questions with regard to the exact role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of diseases, and the mechanisms of their release from affected cells into biological fluids are yet to be completely understood. Nevertheless, these noninvasive micromarkers have immense potential in translational medicine not only for use in monitoring the efficacy and safety of therapeutic regimens but also to guide the diagnosis of diseases, to determine the risk of developing diseases or conditions, and more importantly, to inform treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Saikumar
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Krithika Ramachandran
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Vishal S Vaidya
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
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127
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Abstract
Organ transplantation appears today to be the best alternative to replace the loss of vital organs induced by various diseases. Transplants can, however, also be rejected by the recipient. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms and the cells/molecules involved in acute and chronic rejections. T cells and B cells mainly control the antigen-specific rejection and act either as effector, regulatory, or memory cells. On the other hand, nonspecific cells such as endothelial cells, NK cells, macrophages, or polymorphonuclear cells are also crucial actors of transplant rejection. Last, beyond cells, the high contribution of antibodies, chemokines, and complement molecules in graft rejection is discussed in this article. The understanding of the different components involved in graft rejection is essential as some of them are used in the clinic as biomarkers to detect and quantify the level of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Moreau
- INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology-ITUN, CHU de Nantes 44093, France
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128
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Ramachandran K, Saikumar J, Bijol V, Koyner JL, Qian J, Betensky RA, Waikar SS, Vaidya VS. Human miRNome profiling identifies microRNAs differentially present in the urine after kidney injury. Clin Chem 2013; 59:1742-52. [PMID: 24153252 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2013.210245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as potentially robust and stable biomarkers of various disease conditions. The primary objective of this study was to identify miRNAs differentially occurring in the urine that could serve as potential biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI), because traditional AKI markers have limitations with respect to sensitivity, specificity, and timeliness of diagnosis. METHODS We profiled 1809 miRNAs in pooled urine samples from 6 patients with AKI and from 6 healthy controls. We measured the 378 stably detectable miRNAs in the 12 samples individually and selected the top 7 miRNAs that were most different in the urine of patients with AKI compared with the non-AKI control individuals. These miRNAs were assessed in a larger cohort of patients with AKI (n = 98: 71 AKI patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and 27 kidney transplantation patients with biopsy-proven tubular injury) and patients without AKI (n = 97: 74 healthy volunteers and 23 ICU patients without AKI). RESULTS We identified 4 miRNAs capable of significantly differentiating patients with AKI from individuals without AKI: miR-21 (P = 0.0005), miR-200c (P < 0.0001), miR-423 (P = 0.001), and miR-4640 (P = 0.0355). The combined cross-validated area under the ROC curve for these 4 miRNAs was 0.91. The imprecision with respect to miRNA isolation and reverse transcription efficiency was <9% across 224 samples. CONCLUSIONS In this study we determined the entire miRNome of human urine and identified a panel of miRNAs that are both detectable noninvasively and diagnostically sensitive indicators of kidney damage.
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129
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Recchioni R, Marcheselli F, Olivieri F, Ricci S, Procopio AD, Antonicelli R. Conventional and novel diagnostic biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction: a promising role for circulating microRNAs. Biomarkers 2013; 18:547-58. [PMID: 24025051 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2013.833294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers play a critical role in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), especially in patients with atypical clinical and/or electrocardiographic presentation or co-morbidities, like the elderly. High-sensitivity assays based on specific biomarkers (e.g. cardiac troponins) enabling earlier AMI diagnosis have recently become available in clinical practice. Although no single biomarker of myocardial necrosis is ever likely to afford AMI diagnosis, a combination including different biomarkers for necrosis and ischemia, like new circulating molecules (microRNAs), could enhance diagnostic specificity. We review the recent literature on conventional and novel AMI biomarkers, with special emphasis on circulating microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Recchioni
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, Italian National Research Center on Aging (I.N.R.C.A-IRCCS) , Ancona , Italy
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130
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Rau CS, Yang JCS, Wu SC, Chen YC, Lu TH, Lin MW, Wu YC, Tzeng SL, Wu CJ, Hsieh CH. Profiling circulating microRNA expression in a mouse model of nerve allotransplantation. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:64. [PMID: 24011263 PMCID: PMC3844622 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The lack of noninvasive biomarkers of rejection remains a challenge in the accurate monitoring of deeply buried nerve allografts and precludes optimization of therapeutic intervention. This study aimed to establish the expression profile of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) during nerve allotransplantation with or without immunosuppression. Results Balb/c mice were randomized into 3 experimental groups, that is, (1) untreated isograft (Balb/c → Balb/c), (2) untreated allograft (C57BL/6 → Balb/c), and (3) allograft (C57BL/6 → Balb/c) with FK506 immunosuppression. A 1-cm Balb/c or C57BL/6 donor sciatic nerve graft was transplanted into sciatic nerve gaps created in recipient mice. At 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 d after nerve transplantation, nerve grafts, whole blood, and sera were obtained for miRNA expression analysis with an miRNA array and subsequent validation with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Three circulating miRNAs (miR-320, miR-762, and miR-423-5p) were identified in the whole blood and serum of the mice receiving an allograft with FK506 immunosuppression, within 2 weeks after nerve allotransplantation. However, these 3 circulating miRNAs were not expressed in the nerve grafts. The expression of all these 3 upregulated circulating miRNAs significantly decreased at 2, 4, and 6 d after discontinuation of FK506 immunosuppression. In the nerve graft, miR-125-3b and miR-672 were significantly upregulated in the mice that received an allograft with FK506 only at 7 d after nerve allotransplantation. Conclusions We identified the circulating miR-320, miR-762, and miR-423-5p as potential biomarkers for monitoring the immunosuppression status of the nerve allograft. However, further research is required to investigate the mechanism behind the dysregulation of these markers and to evaluate their prognostic value in nerve allotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shyuan Rau
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, No, 123, Ta-Pei Road, Kaohsiung City, Niao-Sung District, 833, Taiwan.
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131
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Wei L, Gong X, Martinez OM, Krams SM. Differential expression and functions of microRNAs in liver transplantation and potential use as non-invasive biomarkers. Transpl Immunol 2013; 29:123-9. [PMID: 24001411 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators in many biologic processes and have been implicated in the control of genes relevant to acute rejection and liver functions. Here we review the miRNAs specifically expressed in allografts during acute rejection and discuss potential roles for these miRNAs in liver dysfunction. We focus on miRNAs dysregulated both in the liver and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and include a discussion of the potential for these miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers to reflect liver status posttransplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wei
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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132
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Tölle A, Jung M, Rabenhorst S, Kilic E, Jung K, Weikert S. Identification of microRNAs in blood and urine as tumour markers for the detection of urinary bladder cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1949-56. [PMID: 23877086 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Since differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been found to be highly associated with several types of cancer, the goal of the present study was to identify an miRNA fingerprint as a non‑invasive diagnostic tool to detect urinary bladder cancer using the easily accessible samples of whole blood and urine. Blood and urine samples from 4 controls and from patients suffering from superficial and invasive bladder cancer were analyzed using miRNA microarray consisting of 754 human miRNAs from the Sanger database v14. Using RT‑qPCR technique, 6 of the differentially expressed miRNAs were validated in the controls (20 blood, 19 urine samples) and patients with superficial (18 blood, 16 urine samples) or invasive (20 blood and urine samples each) tumours. Three blood miRNAs (miR‑26b‑5p, miR‑144‑5p, miR‑374‑5p) were found to be significantly upregulated in invasive bladder tumour patients (P<0.05) when compared to the control group. The expression of 2 miRNAs (miR‑618, miR‑1255b‑5p) in the urine of patients with invasive tumours was significantly (P<0.05) increased in comparison to the control group. Blood miR‑26b‑5p detected the presence of invasive bladder tumours with 94% specificity and 65% sensitivity. The urine miR‑1255b‑5p reached 68% specificity and 85% sensitivity in the diagnosis of invasive tumours. This pilot study represents the first characterization of an miRNA profile for urinary bladder tumours in whole blood samples. In addition, it was shown that invasive bladder tumours could be identified by differentially expressed urine miRNAs. Further studies are needed to test the clinical usefulness for bladder cancer detection and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Tölle
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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133
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Schena FP, Serino G, Sallustio F. MicroRNAs in kidney diseases: new promising biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 29:755-63. [PMID: 23787546 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of microRNAs (miRNAs) have a critical role in many cellular and physiological activities such as cell cycle, growth, proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism. miRNAs are also important in the maintenance of renal homeostasis and kidney diseases. In vitro and in vivo animal models have shown a critical role of miRNAs in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and in the progression of renal fibrosis. Specific miRNAs in renal tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are up and downregulated in different kidney diseases. They represent new potential biomarkers for diagnosis and targeted therapy. In addition, urinary miRNAs may be considered non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring the progression of renal damage. The activity of miRNAs can be modified by different approaches such as the use of antisense oligonucleotide inhibitors (antagomirs), tandem miRNA-binding site repeats manufactured by Decoy or Sponge technologies and miRNA mimics. The use of miRNA blockers or antagonists as therapeutic agents is very attractive but new information will be necessary considering their role in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Schena
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplant, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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134
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Zununi S, Ardalan M. MicroRNA and Renal Allograft Monitoring. Nephrourol Mon 2013; 5:783-6. [PMID: 24282786 PMCID: PMC3830902 DOI: 10.5812/numonthly.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sepide Zununi
- Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Ardalan
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohammadreza Ardalan, Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9141168518, Fax: +98-4113366579, E-mail:
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135
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Gildea JJ, Carlson JM, Schoeffel CD, Carey RM, Felder RA. Urinary exosome miRNome analysis and its applications to salt sensitivity of blood pressure. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1131-1134. [PMID: 23726803 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate microRNAs (miRNAs) in urinary exosomes and their association with an individual's blood pressure response to dietary salt intake. DESIGN AND METHODS Human urinary exosomal miRNome was examined by microarray. RESULTS Of 1898 probes tested, 194 miRNAs were found in all subjects tested. 45 miRNAs had significant associations with salt sensitivity or inverse salt sensitivity. CONCLUSION The expression of 45 urinary exosomal miRNAs associates with an individual's blood pressure response to sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Gildea
- Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Julia M Carlson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Cynthia D Schoeffel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Robert M Carey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Robin A Felder
- Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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136
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Non-invasive biomarkers to guide management following renal transplantation: the need for a multiplatform approach. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2013; 18:1-5. [PMID: 23283248 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e32835c8025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Balancing the level of anti-rejection therapy is the key challenge facing clinicians managing recipients of a solid organ transplant. Identification of biomarkers in non-invasive samples will allow serial monitoring which can prompt changes in therapy at an earlier stage without the need for invasive tests, and before significant damage to the graft or side effects have occurred. In this review we provide an update on the present status of such biomarker discovery in renal transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS Previous studies focusing on candidate biomarkers have identified a number of genes that have the potential to identify patients undergoing rejection. Advances in technology now allow screening of samples for markers which have led to identification of further genes as well as adding microRNAs and proteins to the list. Similarly, by studying patients in whom anti-rejection therapy has been withdrawn, a gene signature for operational tolerance has been described. SUMMARY It has become clear that to obtain a test suitable for clinical purposes, combinations of markers are required to identify specific clinical phenotypes. Identification and validation of such marker sets in large cohorts is urgently required to allow progression to clinical trials with the ultimate goal of offering recipients personalized anti-rejection therapy regimes.
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137
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tailoring immunosuppressive drugs to an individual's needs is crucial to improve long-term outcomes of organ transplant patients. The purpose of this review is to summarize the data on promising biomarkers able to detect the risk of acute or chronic rejection and to discuss the potential issues for their implementation in the clinic. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple publications have indicated that circulating antibodies targeting human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA antigens as well as donor-specific memory T cells are associated with accelerated graft failure. Other studies published within the year show that specific genomic and proteomic signatures obtained from urine, blood, and graft tissue correlate with acute rejection in kidney and heart transplant patients. SUMMARY The development of reliable biomarkers is crucial for individualizing therapy aimed at extending allograft survival and improving patient health. Emerging data indicate that monitoring assays, likely used in panels, have the potential to be diagnostic and possibly predictive of long-term outcome. In addition to ongoing discovery efforts, progress in the field will require multicenter validation, assay standardization, and commercialization so as to efficiently deliver reliable testing strategies to the practicing clinician.
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138
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Danger R, Paul C, Giral M, Lavault A, Foucher Y, Degauque N, Pallier A, Durand M, Castagnet S, Duong Van Huyen JP, Delahousse M, Renaudin K, Soulillou JP, Brouard S. Expression of miR-142-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from renal transplant patients with chronic antibody-mediated rejection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60702. [PMID: 23577151 PMCID: PMC3618046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In renal transplantation, the unresponsiveness of patients undergoing chronic antibody mediated rejection (CAMR) to classical treatment stress on the need for accurate biomarkers to improve its diagnosis. We aim to determine whether microRNA expression patterns may be associated with a diagnosis of CAMR. We performed expression profiling of miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of kidney transplant recipients with CAMR or stable graft function. Among 257 expressed miRNAs, 10 miRNAs associated with CAMR were selected. Among them, miR-142-5p was increased in PBMC and biopsies of patients with CAMR as well as in a rodent model of CAMR. The lack of modulation of miR-142-5p in PBMC of patients with renal failure, suggests that its over-expression in CAMR was associated with immunological disorders rather than renal dysfunction. A ROC curve analysis performed on independent samples showed that miR-142-5p is a potential biomarker of CAMR allowing a very good discrimination of the patients with CAMR (AUC = 0.74; p = 0.0056). Moreover, its expression was decreased in PHA-activated blood cells and was not modulated in PBMC from patients with acute rejection, excluding a non-specific T cell activation expression. The absence of modulation of this miRNA in immunosuppressed patients suggests that its expression was not influenced by treatment. Finally, the analysis of miR-142-5p predicted targets under-expressed in CAMR PBMC in a published microarray dataset revealed an enrichment of immune-related genes. Altogether, these data suggest that miR-142-5p could be used as a biomarker in CAMR and these finding may improve our understanding of chronic rejection mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Danger
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U1064 and Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Chloé Paul
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U1064 and Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Magali Giral
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U1064 and Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
- Faculté de médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Amélie Lavault
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U1064 and Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Yohann Foucher
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U1064 and Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
- Faculté de médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Degauque
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U1064 and Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Annaïck Pallier
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U1064 and Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Maxim Durand
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U1064 and Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
- Faculté de médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphanie Castagnet
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U1064 and Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | | | - Michel Delahousse
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Karine Renaudin
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U1064 and Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U1064 and Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
- Faculté de médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U1064 and Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
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139
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Ma L, Qu L. The Function of MicroRNAs in Renal Development and Pathophysiology. J Genet Genomics 2013; 40:143-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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140
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan M Lorenzen
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS) and
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS) and
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141
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Ho J, Kreidberg JA. MicroRNAs in renal development. Pediatr Nephrol 2013; 28:219-25. [PMID: 22660936 PMCID: PMC3720129 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-012-2204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) as novel regulators of gene expression has led to a marked change in how gene regulation is viewed, with important implications for development and disease. MiRNAs are endogenous, small, noncoding RNAs that largely repress their target mRNAs post-transcriptionally. The regulation of gene expression by miRNAs represents an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that is broadly applicable to most biological processes. Recent studies have begun to define the role of miRNAs in different cell lineages during kidney development, and to implicate specific miRNAs in developmental and pathophysiological processes in the kidney. This review will focus on novel insights into the role(s) of miRNAs in kidney development, and discuss the implications for pediatric renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Jordan A. Kreidberg
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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142
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Argyropoulos C, Wang K, McClarty S, Huang D, Bernardo J, Ellis D, Orchard T, Galas D, Johnson J. Urinary microRNA profiling in the nephropathy of type 1 diabetes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54662. [PMID: 23358711 PMCID: PMC3554645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) are particularly vulnerable to development of Diabetic nephropathy (DN) leading to End Stage Renal Disease. Hence a better understanding of the factors affecting kidney disease progression in T1D is urgently needed. In recent years microRNAs have emerged as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in many different health conditions. We hypothesized that urinary microRNA profile of patients will differ in the different stages of diabetic renal disease. METHODS AND FINDINGS We studied urine microRNA profiles with qPCR in 40 T1D with >20 year follow up 10 who never developed renal disease (N) matched against 10 patients who went on to develop overt nephropathy (DN), 10 patients with intermittent microalbuminuria (IMA) matched against 10 patients with persistent (PMA) microalbuminuria. A Bayesian procedure was used to normalize and convert raw signals to expression ratios. We applied formal statistical techniques to translate fold changes to profiles of microRNA targets which were then used to make inferences about biological pathways in the Gene Ontology and REACTOME structured vocabularies. A total of 27 microRNAs were found to be present at significantly different levels in different stages of untreated nephropathy. These microRNAs mapped to overlapping pathways pertaining to growth factor signaling and renal fibrosis known to be targeted in diabetic kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS Urinary microRNA profiles differ across the different stages of diabetic nephropathy. Previous work using experimental, clinical chemistry or biopsy samples has demonstrated differential expression of many of these microRNAs in a variety of chronic renal conditions and diabetes. Combining expression ratios of microRNAs with formal inferences about their predicted mRNA targets and associated biological pathways may yield useful markers for early diagnosis and risk stratification of DN in T1D by inferring the alteration of renal molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Argyropoulos
- Renal and Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sara McClarty
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David Huang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jose Bernardo
- Renal and Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Demetrius Ellis
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Trevor Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David Galas
- Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Pacific Nothwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John Johnson
- Renal and Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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143
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2013; 18:111-30. [PMID: 23299306 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e32835daf68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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144
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Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated as a promising biomarker for many diseases. Research on urinary miRNAs, however, is at the early stage. Preliminary studies found an association between urinary miRNA levels and lupus nephritis. This chapter describes the methods of measuring miRNA levels in urinary supernatant, both within and outside microvesicles. Methods include sample preparation, microvesicle isolation, and quantification of specific miRNA targets. Each step is elaborated as detailed experiment protocols. Notes on necessary explanations, possible problems, and how they could be overcome are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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145
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Mas VR, Dumur CI, Scian MJ, Gehrau RC, Maluf DG. MicroRNAs as biomarkers in solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:11-9. [PMID: 23136949 PMCID: PMC3927320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Important progress has been made in improving short-term outcomes in solid organ transplantation. However, long-term outcomes have not improved during the last decades. There is a critical need for biomarkers of donor quality, early diagnosis of graft injury and treatment response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small single-stranded noncoding RNAs that function through translational repression of specific target mRNAs. MiRNA expression has been associated with different diseases and physiological conditions. Moreover, miRNAs have been detected in different biological fluids and these circulating miRNAs can distinguish diseased individuals from healthy controls. The noninvasive nature of circulating miRNA detection, their disease specificity and the availability of accurate techniques for detecting and monitoring these molecules has encouraged a pursuit of miRNA biomarker research and the evaluation of specific applications in the transplant field. miRNA expression might develop as excellent biomarkers of allograft injury and function. In this minireview, we summarize the main accomplishments of recently published reports focused on the identification of miRNAs as biomarkers in organ quality, ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute rejection, tolerance and chronic allograft dysfunction emphasizing their mechanistic and clinical potential applications and describing their methodological limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria R Mas
- Translational Genomics Transplant Laboratory, Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia; 1300 Jefferson Park Ave, Barringer 5, Room 5417, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0709,Corresponding author: Valeria R Mas, PhD, Associate Professor Research Surgery, Co-Director, Transplant Research, Director, Translational Genomics Transplant Laboratory, 1300 Jefferson Park Ave, Barringer 5, Room 5417, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0709, Phone: 434-243-1181, Fax: 434-924-5539,
| | - Catherine I. Dumur
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Pathology, 1101 E. Marshall Street Richmond, VA 23298-0662
| | - Mariano J Scian
- Translational Genomics Transplant Laboratory, Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia; 1300 Jefferson Park Ave, Barringer 5, Room 5417, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0709
| | - Ricardo C. Gehrau
- Translational Genomics Transplant Laboratory, Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia; 1300 Jefferson Park Ave, Barringer 5, Room 5417, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0709
| | - Daniel G Maluf
- Translational Genomics Transplant Laboratory, Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia; 1300 Jefferson Park Ave, Barringer 5, Room 5417, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0709
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146
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Wang N, Zhou Y, Jiang L, Li D, Yang J, Zhang CY, Zen K. Urinary microRNA-10a and microRNA-30d serve as novel, sensitive and specific biomarkers for kidney injury. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51140. [PMID: 23272089 PMCID: PMC3521774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The steadily increasing incidence of kidney injury is a significant threat to human health. The current tools available for the early detection of kidney injury, however, have limited sensitivity or specificity. Thus, the development of novel biomarkers to detect early kidney injury is of high importance. Employing mouse renal ischemia-reperfusion and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced renal injury as acute and chronic kidney injury model, respectively, we assessed the alteration of microRNA (miRNA) in mouse urine, serum and kidney tissue by TaqMan probe-based qRT-PCR assay. Our results demonstrated that kidney-enriched microRNA-10a (miR-10a) and microRNA-30d (miR-30d) were readily detected in mouse urine and the levels of urinary miR-10a and miR-30d were positively correlated with the degree of kidney injury induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion or STZ diabetes. In contrast, no such alteration of miR-10a and miR-30d levels was observed in mouse serum after kidney injury. Compared with the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) assay, the test for urinary miR-10a and miR-30d levels was more sensitive for the detection of acute kidney injury. Furthermore, the substantial elevation of the urinary miR-10a and miR-30d levels was also observed in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) patients compared to healthy donors. In conclusion, the present study collectively demonstrates that urinary miR-10a and miR-30d represent a novel noninvasive, sensitive, specific and potentially high-throughput method for detecting renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Research Center of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Research Center of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Donghai Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- Research Center of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (JWY); (CYZ); (KZ)
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (JWY); (CYZ); (KZ)
| | - Ke Zen
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (JWY); (CYZ); (KZ)
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147
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Lorenzen JM, Menne J, Schmidt BMW, Schmidt M, Martino F, Dietrich R, Samiri S, Worthmann H, Heeren M, Weissenborn K, Haller H, Schiffer M, Kielstein JT, Thum T. Circulating microRNAs in patients with Shiga-Toxin-producing E. coli O104:H4 induced hemolytic uremic syndrome. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47215. [PMID: 23071762 PMCID: PMC3469502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In early May 2011, an outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis associated with hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS) first developed in Northern Germany and spread to 15 other countries in Europe. The outbreak-strain O104:H4, which combined virulence factors of typical enteroaggregative and Shiga-Toxin–producing E. coli was associated with an unusual high rate of hemolytic uremic syndrome. Also an unexpected high rate of coma and seizures leading to mechanical ventilation and ICU treatment was observed. MicroRNAs are small ribonucleotides orchestrating gene expression. We tested whether circulating microRNAs in serum of HUS patients during the 2011 epidemics are altered in this patient cohort and related to clinical manifestations. Methodology/Principal Findings We profiled microRNAs using RNA isolated from serum of patients and healthy age-matched controls. The results were validated in 38 patients at baseline, 29 patients during follow-up and 21 age-matched healthy controls by miRNA-specific quantitative RT-PCR. Circulating levels of miR-24, miR-126 were increased in HUS patients versus controls. There was no association between these microRNAs and renal function or the need for renal replacement therapy. In contrast, levels of miR-126 were associated with neurological symptoms at baseline and during follow-up. In addition, miR-126 (on admission) and miR-24 (on admission and during follow-up) were associated with platelet count. Conclusions/Significance Circulating microRNAs are strongly altered in this patient cohort and associated with neurological symptoms as well as platelet count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan M. Lorenzen
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover, Germany
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Hanover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (JML); (TT)
| | - Jan Menne
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Hanover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernhard MW. Schmidt
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Hanover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mascha Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover, Germany
| | - Filippo Martino
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Dietrich
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover, Germany
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Hanover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Senguel Samiri
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover, Germany
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Hanover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Worthmann
- Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Heeren
- Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hermann Haller
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Hanover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Hanover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan T. Kielstein
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Hanover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (JML); (TT)
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148
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Sarma NJ, Tiriveedhi V, Ramachandran S, Crippin J, Chapman W, Mohanakumar T. Modulation of immune responses following solid organ transplantation by microRNA. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 93:378-85. [PMID: 23036474 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplantation, an accepted treatment for end stage organ failure, is often complicated by allograft rejection and disease recurrence. In this review we will discuss the potential role of microRNAs in allograft immunity especially leading to rejection of the transplanted organ. microRNAs (miRNAs), originally identified in C. elegans, are short non-coding 21-24 nucleotide sequences that bind to its complementary sequences in functional messenger RNAs and inhibits post-translational processes through RNA duplex formation resulting in gene silencing (Lau et al., 2001). Gene specific translational silencing by miRNAs regulates pathways for immune responses such as development of innate immunity, inflammation, T-cell and B-cell differentiation and signaling that are implicated in various stages of allograft rejection. miRNAs also play a role in development of post-transplant complicacies like fibrosis, cirrhosis, carcinogenesis often leading to graft loss and poor patient outcome. Recent advancements in the methods for detecting and quantifying miRNA in tissue biopsies, as well as in serum and urine samples, has led to identification of specific miRNA signatures in patients with allograft rejection and have been utilized to predict allograft status and survival. Therefore, miRNAs play a significant role in post-transplant events including allograft rejection, disease recurrence and tumor development impacting patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan J Sarma
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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149
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Cheng Y, Wang X, Yang J, Duan X, Yao Y, Shi X, Chen Z, Fan Z, Liu X, Qin S, Tang X, Zhang C. A translational study of urine miRNAs in acute myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:668-76. [PMID: 22921780 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The currently used biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are blood creatinine phosphokinase-muscle band (CPK-MB), troponin-T (TnT), and troponin I (TnI). However, no good biomarkers are identified in urine after AMI, because these blood protein biomarkers are difficult to be filtered into urine. In this study, the role of urine microRNAs in the diagnosis of AMI and the mechanism involved were determined. We found that urine miR-1 was quickly increased in rats after AMI with peak at 24h after AMI, in which an over 50-fold increase was demonstrated. At 7 days after AMI, the urine miR-1 level was returned to the basal level. No miR-208 was found in normal urine. In urine from rats with AMI, miR-208 was easily detected. To determine the mechanism involved, we determined the levels of heart-released miR-1 in the liver, spleen and kidney after AMI in rats and found that the kidney was an important metabolic organ. To determine the renal elimination of blood miRNAs, we isolated serum exosomes from rats after AMI and injected these exosomes into the circulating blood of normal rats. We found that the urine miR-1 was significantly increased in exosome-injected animals. Moreover, PKH67-labeled exosomes injected into circulating blood could enter into the kidney tissues and cells, as well as urine. Furthermore, the levels of urine miR-1 were significantly increased in patients with AMI. The results suggest that urine miRNAs such as miR-1 could be novel urine biomarkers for AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Cheng
- Rush University Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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150
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Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs implicated mainly in post-transcriptional gene silencing by interacting with the untranslated region of the transcript. miR-210 represents major hypoxia-inducible miRs, also known as hypoxamirs, which is ubiquitously expressed in a wide range of cells, serving versatile functions. This review article summarizes the current progress on biogenesis of miR-210 and its physiological roles including arrest of cell proliferation, repression of mitochondrial respiration, arrest of DNA repair, vascular biology, and angiogenesis. Given the fact that miR-210 is aberrantly expressed in a number of diseases such as tumor progression, myocardial infarction and cutaneous ischemic wounds, miR-210 could serve as an excellent candidate for prognostic purposes and therapeutic intervention. With the advancement of computational prediction, high-throughput target validation methodology, sequencing, proteomic analysis, and microarray, it is anticipated that more down-stream targets of miR-210 and its associated biological consequences under hypoxia will be unveiled establishing miR-210 as a major hub in the biology of hypoxia-response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk C Chan
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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