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Xu Q, Zhu F, Pan Y, Ren Y, Li J, Huang N, Liu K, Wang Y. HIV Tat-Conjugated Histone H3 Peptides Induce Tumor Cell Death Via Cellular Stress Responses. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:42-55. [PMID: 36373826 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H3 is a nucleosome scaffold protein that is involved in a variety of intracellular processes. Aberrant modification of H3 is important in carcinogenesis. In contrast, free histones in cells can act as stimuli to trigger cellular immune responses and cell death. In this study, we linked cell-penetrating peptide HIV Tat to a histone H3 fragment to achieve intracellular delivery in tumor cells. We found that Tat-conjugated histone polypeptides localized to nuclei of lung and breast cancer cells and caused cell death. A trans-configured Tat sequence displayed dramatically improved peptide half-life and cytotoxicity. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that treatment with the peptides significantly elevated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as levels of stress-inducible transcription factor ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3) and AP-1 (activating protein-1). Cytotoxicity of the peptide was significantly reduced by inhibition of AP-1 activity and ROS production. These results suggest the potential of Tat-conjugated H3 peptides as antitumor agents to induce cell death via increased cellular stress response by activating p38-MAPK signaling and intracellular ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feimei Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixuan Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlin Ren
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keyun Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Tursch A, Holstein TW. From injury to patterning—MAPKs and Wnt signaling in Hydra. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:381-417. [PMID: 36967201 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydra has a regenerative capacity that is not limited to individual organs but encompasses the entire body. Various global and integrative genome, transcriptome and proteome approaches have shown that many of the signaling pathways and transcription factors present in vertebrates are already present in Cnidaria, the sister group of Bilateria, and are also activated in regeneration. It is now possible to investigate one of the central questions of regeneration biology, i.e., how does the patterning system become activated by the injury signals that initiate regeneration. This review will present the current data obtained in Hydra and draw parallels with regeneration in Bilateria. Important findings of this global analysis are that the Wnt signaling pathway has a dual function in the regeneration process. In the early phase Wnt is activated generically and in a second phase of pattern formation it is activated in a position specific manner. Thus, Wnt signaling is part of the generic injury response, in which mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are initially activated via calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The MAPKs, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) are essential for Wnt activation in Hydra head and foot regenerates. Furthermore, the antagonism between the ERK signaling pathway and stress-induced MAPKs results in a balanced induction of apoptosis and mitosis. However, the early Wnt genes are activated by MAPK signaling rather than apoptosis. Early Wnt gene activity is differentially integrated with a stable, β-Catenin-based gradient along the primary body axis maintaining axial polarity and activating further Wnts in the regenerating head. Because MAPKs and Wnts are highly evolutionarily conserved, we hypothesize that this mechanism is also present in vertebrates but may be activated to different degrees at the level of early Wnt gene integration.
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Artabotrys odoratissimus Bark Extract Restores Ethanol Induced Redox Imbalance and Toxicity in Hepatocytes and In Vivo Model. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3366-3383. [PMID: 36585550 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced oxidative stress is a key player in the development of liver diseases, and herbal alternatives are important means of ameliorating the hepatotoxic effects. The study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potentiality of Artabotrys odoratissimus, an important medicinal shrub from the family Annonaceae. The phenolic compounds from bark ethanol extract (BEE) were detected using RP-HPLC. The in vitro hepatoprotective activity against ethanol-induced damage was studied in HepG2 cells with cell viability assays, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, double staining assay and western blotting. The in vivo mice model was used to evaluate the alcohol-induced stress with liver function enzymes, lipid profile and histopathology. All the thirteen phenolic compounds detected with HPLC were docked onto protein targets such as aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NO). The RP-HPLC detected the presence of various phenolics including rutin, chlorogenic acid and catechin, amongst others. Co-administration of BEE with ethanol alleviated cell death, ROS and MMP in HepG2 cells compared to the negative control. The extract also modulated the MAP kinase/caspase-3 pathway, thereby showing protective effects in HepG2 cells. Also, pre-treatment for 14 days with the extract in the mice model before a single toxic dose (5 g/kg body weight) reduced the liver injury by bringing the levels of liver function enzymes, lipid profile and bilirubin to near normal. In silico analysis revealed that rutin showed the best binding affinity with all the target proteins in the study. These results provide evidence that BEE possesses significant hepatoprotective effects against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in hepatic cells and in vivo models, which is further validated with in silico analysis.
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Lee G, Banik A, Eum J, Hwang BJ, Kwon SH, Kee Y. Ipconazole Disrupts Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Alters GABAergic Neuronal Development in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010496. [PMID: 36613936 PMCID: PMC9820214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ipconazole, a demethylation inhibitor of fungal ergosterol biosynthesis, is widely used in modern agriculture for foliar and seed treatment, and is authorized for use in livestock feed. Waste from ipconazole treatment enters rivers and groundwater through disposal and rain, posing potential toxicity to humans and other organisms. Its metabolites remain stable under standard hydrolysis conditions; however, their neurodevelopmental toxicity is unknown. We investigated the potential neurodevelopmental toxicity of ipconazole pesticides in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Our behavioral monitoring demonstrated that the locomotive activity of ipconazole-exposed zebrafish larvae was reduced during early development, even when morphological abnormalities were undetected. Molecular profiling demonstrated that the mitochondrial-specific antioxidants, superoxide dismutases 1 and 2, and the genes essential for mitochondrial genome maintenance and functions were specifically reduced in ipconazole-treated (0.02 μg/mL) embryos, suggesting underlying ipconazole-driven oxidative stress. Consistently, ipconazole treatment substantially reduced hsp70 expression and increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Interrupted gad1b expression confirmed that GABAergic inhibitory neurons were dysregulated at 0.02 μg/mL ipconazole, whereas glutamatergic excitatory and dopaminergic neurons remained unaffected, resulting in an uncoordinated neural network. Additionally, ipconazole-treated (2 μg/mL) embryos exhibited caspase-independent cell death. This suggests that ipconazole has the potential to alter neurodevelopment by dysregulating mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giyoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Banik
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental and Biomedical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Juneyong Eum
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental and Biomedical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joon Hwang
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Korea Basic Science Institute Seoul Center, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yun Kee
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.K.); (Y.K.)
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105
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Han D, Lu X, Yin W, Fu H, Zhang X, Cheng L, Liu F, Jin C, Tian X, Xie Y, Wu N. Activation of NRF2 blocks HIV replication and apoptosis in macrophages. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12575. [PMID: 36691556 PMCID: PMC9860420 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal oxidative stress caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection affects viral replication and causes non-acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related complications in infected individuals. The transcription factor NFE2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a key regulator of oxidative stress, responds to abnormal oxidative stress by regulating the expression of NRF2-dependent cytoprotective genes. The present study aimed to determine whether inhibition of oxidative stress could control HIV replication and improve cell survival. In this study, the NRF2 activator, methyl bardoxolone, was used to treat cells for HIV infection. The effects on HIV replication and apoptosis pathways were confirmed by NRF2 activation or knockdown. The results showed that NRF2 activation could block HIV replication in macrophages before the integration phase and inhibited the expression of apoptotic pathways in virus-exposed macrophages. The study presents an unconventional anti-viral strategy of activation antioxidant response for HIV infection blocking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dating Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wanpeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haijing Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Linfang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fuming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Changzhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuebin Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yiwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nanping Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China,Corresponding author.
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106
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Huang YJ, Chen JY, Yan M, Davis AG, Miyauchi S, Chen L, Hao Y, Katz S, Bejar R, Abdel-Wahab O, Fu XD, Zhang DE. RUNX1 deficiency cooperates with SRSF2 mutation to induce multilineage hematopoietic defects characteristic of MDS. Blood Adv 2022; 6:6078-6092. [PMID: 36206200 PMCID: PMC9772487 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies with a propensity to progress to acute myeloid leukemia. Causal mutations in multiple classes of genes have been identified in patients with MDS with some patients harboring more than 1 mutation. Interestingly, double mutations tend to occur in different classes rather than the same class of genes, as exemplified by frequent cooccurring mutations in the transcription factor RUNX1 and the splicing factor SRSF2. This prototypic double mutant provides an opportunity to understand how their divergent functions in transcription and posttranscriptional regulation may be altered to jointly promote MDS. Here, we report a mouse model in which Runx1 knockout was combined with the Srsf2 P95H mutation to cause multilineage hematopoietic defects. Besides their additive and synergistic effects, we also unexpectedly noted a degree of antagonizing activity of single mutations in specific hematopoietic progenitors. To uncover the mechanism, we further developed a cellular model using human K562 cells and performed parallel gene expression and splicing analyses in both human and murine contexts. Strikingly, although RUNX1 deficiency was responsible for altered transcription in both single and double mutants, it also induced dramatic changes in global splicing, as seen with mutant SRSF2, and only their combination induced missplicing of genes selectively enriched in the DNA damage response and cell cycle checkpoint pathways. Collectively, these data reveal the convergent impact of a prototypic MDS-associated double mutant on RNA processing and suggest that aberrant DNA damage repair and cell cycle regulation critically contribute to MDS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jou Huang
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
- Department of Molecular Biology, UCSD, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jia-Yu Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ming Yan
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
| | - Amanda G. Davis
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
- Department of Molecular Biology, UCSD, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Liang Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yajing Hao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sigrid Katz
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
| | - Rafael Bejar
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Xiang-Dong Fu
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Dong-Er Zhang
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
- Department of Molecular Biology, UCSD, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Pathology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Islam MS, Shin HY, Yoo YJ, Lee EY, Kim R, Jang YJ, Akanda MR, Tae HJ, Kim IS, Ahn D, Park BY. Fermented Mentha arvensis administration provides neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils and SH-SY5Y cells via downregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:172. [PMID: 35752797 PMCID: PMC9233811 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, ischemic stroke is a major health threat to humans that causes lifelong disability and death. Mentha arvensis (MA) has been used in traditional medicine to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation-related disorders. In the present study, the neuroprotective properties of fermented MA (FMA) extract were investigated in the gerbil and SH-SY5Y cells. model of transient global cerebral ischemia. Methods Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion-induced transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbil and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated neurotoxic effects in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were investigated. FMA (400 mg/kg) was orally administered for 7 days before induction of ischemic stroke. To evaluate the neuroprotective activity of FMA, we implemented various assays such as cell viability assay (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), histofluorescence, and western blot. Results FMA pretreatment effectively decreased transient ischemia (TI) induced neuronal cell death as well as activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampal region. The protective effects of FMA extract against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y cells were observed by MTT and LDH assay. However, FMA pretreatment significantly increased the expression of the antioxidant marker proteins such as superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD-2) in the hippocampus and SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) further activated a cascade of outcomes such as neuroinflammation and apoptosis. FMA pretreatment notably decreased TI and H2O2 induced activation of MAPK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38) proteins in hippocampus and SH-SY5Y cells respectively. Besides, pretreatment with FMA markedly reduced H2O2 mediated Bax/Bcl2 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Conclusion Thus, these results demonstrated that neuroprotective activities of FMA might contribute to regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03653-7.
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108
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Shayesteh S, Khalilzadeh M, Takzaree N, Dehpour AR. Dapsone improves the vincristine-induced neuropathic nociception by modulating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Daru 2022; 30:303-310. [PMID: 36104653 PMCID: PMC9715892 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-022-00448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting adverse effect of vincristine (VCR) in cancer chemotherapies. Dapsone is commonly used for the prevention of opportunistic infections following cancer therapies. Therefore, a high rate of VCR and dapsone co-administration has occurred in leukemias. Recently neuroprotective effects of dapsone have been reported in various diseases. OBJECTIVES Regarding the physiopathology of VCR-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) and dapsone neuroprotection, this study evaluated the effect of dapsone on VIPN. METHODS VIPN was induced by VCR injection (0.5 mg/kg IP, every other day, 1 week) in male Wistar rats. In the treatment group, dapsone(12.5 mg/kg IP, 1 week) was injected 30 min before VCR. Hot plate, Von Frey, motor neuron conduction velocity (MNCV), and histopathological tests were applied. The levels of TNF-α and NF-kB in the sciatic nerve and caspase-3 activity in dorsal root ganglion were measured by the ELISA method. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione (GSH) in the sciatic nerve were measured by spectrophotometry and colorimetric assays. RESULTS VIPN was observed as araised thermal and mechanical threshold, reduced MNCV, and sciatic nerve demyelination. However, dapsone reduced the mechanical and thermal threshold and improved the MNCV. Also, dapsone reduced TNF-α, NF-kB, MDA, and Caspase-3 activity, and increased the GSH level in the sciatic nerve. Moreover, dapsone prevented VCR-induced demyelination in the sciatic nerve. CONCLUSION This research demonstrated that dapsone could be used as a protective drug against VIPN. It improves the impaired thermal and mechanical sensations by reducing inflammatory, oxidant, and apoptosis factors and preventing demyelination in the sciatic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Shayesteh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Khalilzadeh
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Takzaree
- Department of Anatomy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
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109
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Lin S, Qin HZ, Li ZY, Zhu H, Long L, Xu LB. Gallic acid suppresses the progression of triple-negative breast cancer HCC1806 cells via modulating PI3K/AKT/EGFR and MAPK signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1049117. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1049117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a severe threat to women’s health because of its aggressive nature, early age of onset, and high recurrence rate. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of Gallic acid (GA) on the TNBC HCC1806 cells in vitro. The cell proliferation was detected by MTT and plate clone formation assays, cell apoptosis, cell cycle, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining assays, and the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were also investigated. Real-Time PCR and western blot were examined to explore the mechanism of action. The results indicated that GA suppressed HCC1806 cells proliferation and promoted HCC1806 cells apoptosis. Meanwhile, GA treatment changed the morphology of the HCC1806 cells. In addition, GA blocked the HCC1806 cells cycle in the S phase, and it induced cells apoptosis accompanied by ROS accumulation and MMP depolarization. Real-Time PCR results suggested that GA increased Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, P53, JINK and P38 mRNA expression, and decreased Bcl-2, PI3K, AKT and EGFR mRNA expression. Western blotting results suggested that GA increased Bax, cleaved-Caspase-3, cleaved-Caspase-9, P53, P-ERK1/2, P-JNK, P-P38 proteins expression, and decreased Bcl-2, P-PI3K, P-AKT, P-EGFR proteins expression. Furthermore, molecular docking suggested that GA has the high affinity for PI3K, AKT, EGFR, ERK1/2, JNK, and P38. In conclusion, GA could suppress HCC1806 cells proliferation and promote HCC1806 cells apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and induces ROS generation which further inhibits PI3K/AKT/EGFR and activates MAPK signaling pathways. Our study will provide some new references for using GA in the treatment of TNBC.
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110
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Jiang X, Ji S, Cui S, Wang R, Wang W, Chen Y, Zhu S. Apol9a regulates myogenic differentiation via the ERK1/2 pathway in C2C12 cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:942061. [PMID: 36506560 PMCID: PMC9727217 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.942061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The rising prevalence of obesity and its complications is a big challenge for the global public health. Obesity is accompanied by biological dysfunction of skeletal muscle and the development of muscle atrophy. The deep knowledge of key molecular mechanisms underlying myogenic differentiation is crucial for discovering novel targets for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related muscle atrophy. However, no effective target is currently known for obesity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Methods: Transcriptomic analyses were performed to identify genes associated with the regulation of myogenic differentiation and their potential mechanisms of action. C2C12 cells were used to assess the myogenic effect of Apol9a through immunocytochemistry, western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, RNA interference or overexpression, and lipidomics. Results: RNA-seq of differentiated and undifferentiated C2C12 cells revealed that Apol9a expression significantly increased following myogenic differentiation and decreased during obesity-induced muscle atrophy. Apol9a silencing in these C2C12 cells suppressed the expression of myogenesis-related genes and reduced the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides. Furthermore, RNA-seq and western blot results suggest that Apol9a regulates myogenic differentiation through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). This assumption was subsequently confirmed by intervention with PD98059. Conclusion: In this study, we found that Apol9a regulates myogenic differentiation via the ERK1/2 pathway. These results broaden the putative function of Apol9a during myogenic differentiation and provide a promising therapeutic target for intervention in obesity and obesity-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jiang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Siyu Ji
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- The Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongquan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and School of Translational Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shenglong Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and School of Translational Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,*Correspondence: Shenglong Zhu,
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Palanivel V, Gupta V, Mirshahvaladi SSO, Sharma S, Gupta V, Chitranshi N, Mirzaei M, Graham SL, Basavarajappa D. Neuroprotective Effects of Neuropeptide Y on Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells in Glutamate Excitotoxicity and ER Stress Conditions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223665. [PMID: 36429093 PMCID: PMC9688085 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a sympathetic neurotransmitter, is involved in various physiological functions, and its dysregulation is implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases. Glutamate excitotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and oxidative stress are the common mechanisms associated with numerous neurodegenerative illnesses. The present study aimed to elucidate the protective effects of NPY against glutamate toxicity and tunicamycin-induced ER stress in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. We exposed the SH-SY5Y cells to glutamate and tunicamycin for two different time points and analyzed the protective effects of NPY at different concentrations. The protective effects of NPY treatments were assessed by cell viability assay, and the signalling pathway changes were evaluated by biochemical techniques such as Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Our results showed that treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with NPY significantly increased the viability of the cells in both glutamate toxicity and ER stress conditions. NPY treatments significantly attenuated the glutamate-induced pro-apoptotic activation of ERK1/2 and JNK/BAD pathways. The protective effects of NPY were further evident against tunicamycin-induced ER stress. NPY treatments significantly suppressed the ER stress activation by downregulating BiP, phospho-eIF2α, and CHOP expression. In addition, NPY alleviated the Akt/FoxO3a pathway in acute oxidative conditions caused by glutamate and tunicamycin in SH-SY5Y cells. Our results demonstrated that NPY is neuroprotective against glutamate-induced cell toxicity and tunicamycin-induced ER stress through anti-apoptotic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanthram Palanivel
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Seyed Shahab Oddin Mirshahvaladi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Samridhi Sharma
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (D.B.)
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112
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Chanvijit S, Phuagkhaopong S, Mahalapbutr P, Klaewkla M, Chavasiri W, Wonganan P. Allyl ether of mansonone G as a potential anticancer agent for colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19668. [PMID: 36385303 PMCID: PMC9668903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mansonone G (MG), a 1,2-naphthoquinone isolated from the heartwood of Mansonia gagei Drumm, exhibited several pharmacological activities such as anti-bacterial, anti-estrogenic and anti-adipogenic effect. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of MG and its derivatives as well as determined the mechanism(s) underlying the cytotoxic activity of the most potent MG derivative on two CRC cell lines, HCT-116 cells carrying p53 wild-type and HT-29 cells carrying p53 mutant. We found that MG and its derivatives could inhibit viability of HCT-116 and HT-29 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Of all semi-synthetic derivatives of MG, allyl ether mansonone G (MG7) was the most potent cytotoxic agent toward cancer cells and less toxic to normal cells. MG7 could induce ROS generation which was associated with cytotoxicity and apoptosis in both HCT-116 and HT-29 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that MG7 downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins in both CRC cell lines and upregulated the expression of BAK protein in HT-29 cells. Moreover, MG7 inhibited AKT signaling pathway in both CRC cell lines and modulated ERK1/2 signaling pathway by inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HCT-116 cells and activating ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HT-29 cells. Molecular docking revealed that MG7 could bind to the ATP-binding pocket of AKT and ERK1 via hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savinee Chanvijit
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Interdisciplinary Program in Pharmacology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Suttinee Phuagkhaopong
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Methus Klaewkla
- Future Health Innovation Technology Co., Ltd., Bangkok, 10170 Thailand
| | - Warinthorn Chavasiri
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Piyanuch Wonganan
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
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Mukherjee B, Tiwari A, Palo A, Pattnaik N, Samantara S, Dixit M. Reduced expression of FRG1 facilitates breast cancer progression via GM-CSF/MEK-ERK axis by abating FRG1 mediated transcriptional repression of GM-CSF. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:442. [PMID: 36329016 PMCID: PMC9633810 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01240-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Multiple molecular subtypes and distinct clinical outcomes in breast cancer, necessitate specific therapy. Moreover, despite the improvements in breast cancer therapy, it remains the fifth cause of cancer-related deaths, indicating the involvement of unknown genes. To identify novel contributors and molecular subtype independent therapeutic options, we report reduced expression of FRG1 in breast cancer patients, which regulates GM-CSF expression via direct binding to its promoter. Reduction in FRG1 expression enhanced EMT and increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, in breast cancer cell lines. Loss of FRG1 increased GM-CSF levels which activated MEK/ERK axis and prevented apoptosis by inhibiting p53 in an ERK-dependent manner. FRG1 depletion in the mouse model increased tumor volume, phospho-ERK, and EMT marker levels. The therapeutic potential of anti-GM-CSF therapy was evident by reduced tumor size, when tumors with decreased FRG1 were treated with anti-GM-CSF mAb. We found an inverse expression pattern of FRG1 and phospho-ERK levels in breast cancer patient tissues, corroborating the in vitro and mouse model-based findings. Our findings first time elucidate the role of FRG1 as a metastatic suppressor of breast cancer by regulating the GM-CSF/MEK-ERK axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bratati Mukherjee
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Ankit Tiwari
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Ananya Palo
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | | | - Subrat Samantara
- Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre (AHRCC), Cuttack, 753007, Odisha, India
| | - Manjusha Dixit
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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114
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Chalcone-Acridine Hybrid Suppresses Melanoma Cell Progression via G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest, DNA Damage, Apoptosis, and Modulation of MAP Kinases Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012266. [PMID: 36293123 PMCID: PMC9603750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was focused on investigating the antiproliferative effects of chalcone hybrids in melanoma cancer cells. Among seven chalcone hybrids, the chalcone-acridine hybrid 1C was the most potent and was selected for further antiproliferative mechanism studies. This in vitro study revealed the potent antiproliferative effect of 1C via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase was associated with modulation of expression or phosphorylation of specific cell cycle-associated proteins (cyclin B1, p21, and ChK1), tubulins, as well as with the activation of the DNA damage response pathway. Chalcone 1C also induced apoptosis accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction evidenced by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, increase in Bax/Bcl-xL ratio and cytochrome c release followed by caspase 3/7 activation. In addition, increased phosphorylation of MAP kinases (Erk1/2, p38 and JNK) was observed in chalcone 1C-treated melanoma cells. The strong antiproliferative activities of this chalcone-acridine hybrid suggest that it may be useful as an antimelanoma agent in humans.
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Parashar P, Das MK, Tripathi P, Kataria T, Gupta D, Sarin D, Hazari PP, Tandon V. DMA, a Small Molecule, Increases Median Survival and Reduces Radiation-Induced Xerostomia via the Activation of the ERK1/2 Pathway in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194908. [PMID: 36230831 PMCID: PMC9562201 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival, recurrence, and xerostomia are considerable problems in the treatment of oral squamous carcinoma patients. In this study, we investigated the role of DMA (5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-[2′-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)5″benzimidazoyl]benzimidazole) as a salivary gland cytoprotectant in a patient-derived xenograft mouse model. A significant increase in saliva secretion was observed in the DMA-treated xenograft compared to radiation alone. Repeated doses of DMA with a high dose of radiation showed a synergistic effect on mice survival and reduced tumor growth. The mean survival rate of tumor-bearing mice was significantly enhanced. The increased number of Ki-67-stained cells in the spleen, intestine, and lungs compared to the tumor suggests DMA ablates the tumor but protects other organs. The expression of aquaporin-5 was restored in tumor-bearing mice injected with DMA before irradiation. The reduced expression of αvβ3 integrin and CD44 in DMA alone and DMA with radiation-treated mice suggests a reduced migration of cells and stemness of cancer cells. DMA along with radiation treatment results in the activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in the tumor, leading to apoptosis through caspase upregulation. In conclusion, DMA has strong potential for use as an adjuvant in radiotherapy in OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Parashar
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Monoj Kumar Das
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pragya Tripathi
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Tejinder Kataria
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Medanta―The Medicity, Gurgaon 122001, India
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Medanta―The Medicity, Gurgaon 122001, India
| | - Deepak Sarin
- Head and Neck OncoSurgery, Medanta―The Medicity, Gurgaon 122001, India
| | - Puja Panwar Hazari
- Defence Research and Development Organization, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-11-26742181
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116
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Qin R, You FM, Zhao Q, Xie X, Peng C, Zhan G, Han B. Naturally derived indole alkaloids targeting regulated cell death (RCD) for cancer therapy: from molecular mechanisms to potential therapeutic targets. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:133. [PMID: 36104717 PMCID: PMC9471064 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is a critical and active process that is controlled by specific signal transduction pathways and can be regulated by genetic signals or drug interventions. Meanwhile, RCD is closely related to the occurrence and therapy of multiple human cancers. Generally, RCD subroutines are the key signals of tumorigenesis, which are contributed to our better understanding of cancer pathogenesis and therapeutics. Indole alkaloids derived from natural sources are well defined for their outstanding biological and pharmacological properties, like vincristine, vinblastine, staurosporine, indirubin, and 3,3′-diindolylmethane, which are currently used in the clinic or under clinical assessment. Moreover, such compounds play a significant role in discovering novel anticancer agents. Thus, here we systemically summarized recent advances in indole alkaloids as anticancer agents by targeting different RCD subroutines, including the classical apoptosis and autophagic cell death signaling pathways as well as the crucial signaling pathways of other RCD subroutines, such as ferroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, necroptosis, and anoikis, in cancer. Moreover, we further discussed the cross talk between different RCD subroutines mediated by indole alkaloids and the combined strategies of multiple agents (e.g., 3,10-dibromofascaplysin combined with olaparib) to exhibit therapeutic potential against various cancers by regulating RCD subroutines. In short, the information provided in this review on the regulation of cell death by indole alkaloids against different targets is expected to be beneficial for the design of novel molecules with greater targeting and biological properties, thereby facilitating the development of new strategies for cancer therapy.
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117
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Zhong XD, Chen LJ, Xu XY, Liu YJ, Tao F, Zhu MH, Li CY, Zhao D, Yang GJ, Chen J. Berberine as a potential agent for breast cancer therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:993775. [PMID: 36119505 PMCID: PMC9480097 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.993775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignancy that mainly occurred in women and it has become the most diagnosed cancer annually since 2020. Berberine (BBR), an alkaloid extracted from the Berberidacea family, has been found with broad pharmacological bioactivities including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, anti-obesity, antidepressant, and anticancer effects. Mounting evidence shows that BBR is a safe and effective agent with good anticancer activity against BC. However, its detailed underlying mechanism in BC treatment remains unclear. Here, we will provide the evidence for BBR in BC therapy and summarize its potential mechanisms. This review briefly introduces the source, metabolism, and biological function of BBR and emphasizes the therapeutic effects of BBR against BC via directly interacting with effector proteins, transcriptional regulatory elements, miRNA, and several BBR-mediated signaling pathways. Moreover, the novel BBR-based therapeutic strategies against BC improve biocompatibility and water solubility, and the efficacies of BBR are also briefly discussed. Finally, the status of BBR in BC treatment and future research directions is also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li-Juan Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin-Yang Xu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fan Tao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chang-Yun Li
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Guan-Jun Yang, ; Jiong Chen, ; Dan Zhao,
| | - Guan-Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Guan-Jun Yang, ; Jiong Chen, ; Dan Zhao,
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Guan-Jun Yang, ; Jiong Chen, ; Dan Zhao,
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Experimental Bothrops atrox Envenomation: Blood Plasma Proteome Effects after Local Tissue Damage and Perspectives on Thromboinflammation. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090613. [PMID: 36136550 PMCID: PMC9503785 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of Bothrops atrox envenoming involve local and systemic changes, among which edema requires substantial attention due to its ability to progress to compartmental syndromes and sometimes cause tissue loss and amputations. However, the impact of edema on the poisoned body’s system has not been explored. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the systemic pathological and inflammatory events that are altered by intraplantar injection of B. atrox venom in a mouse model through hematologic, lipidic, and shotgun proteomics analysis. Plasma samples collected showed a greater abundance of proteins related to complement, coagulation, lipid system, platelet and neutrophil degranulation, and pathways related to cell death and ischemic tolerance. Interestingly, some proteins, in particular, Prdx2 (peroxiredoxin 2), Hba (hemoglobin subunit alpha), and F9 (Factor IX), increased according to the amount of venom injected. Our findings support that B. atrox venom activates multiple blood systems that are involved in thromboinflammation, an observation that may have implications for the pathophysiological progression of envenomations. Furthermore, we report for the first time a potential role of Prdx2, Hba, and F9 as potential markers of the severity of edema/inflammation in mice caused by B. atrox.
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119
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Injury-induced MAPK activation triggers body axis formation in Hydra by default Wnt signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204122119. [PMID: 35994642 PMCID: PMC9436372 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204122119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydra's almost unlimited regenerative potential is based on Wnt signaling, but so far it is unknown how the injury stimulus is transmitted to discrete patterning fates in head and foot regenerates. We previously identified mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) among the earliest injury response molecules in Hydra head regeneration. Here, we show that three MAPKs-p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs)-are essential to initiate regeneration in Hydra, independent of the wound position. Their activation occurs in response to any injury and requires calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. Phosphorylated MAPKs hereby exhibit cross talk with mutual antagonism between the ERK pathway and stress-induced MAPKs, orchestrating a balance between cell survival and apoptosis. Importantly, Wnt3 and Wnt9/10c, which are induced by MAPK signaling, can partially rescue regeneration in tissues treated with MAPK inhibitors. Also, foot regenerates can be reverted to form head tissue by a pharmacological increase of β-catenin signaling or the application of recombinant Wnts. We propose a model in which a β-catenin-based stable gradient of head-forming capacity along the primary body axis, by differentially integrating an indiscriminate injury response, determines the fate of the regenerating tissue. Hereby, Wnt signaling acquires sustained activation in the head regenerate, while it is transient in the presumptive foot tissue. Given the high level of evolutionary conservation of MAPKs and Wnts, we assume that this mechanism is deeply embedded in our genome.
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120
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Olanzapine Ameliorates Ischemic Stroke-like Pathology in Gerbils and H2O2-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells via Inhibiting the MAPK Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091697. [PMID: 36139770 PMCID: PMC9495525 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Olanzapine (OLNZ) is used to treat psychotic disorders. To look into the neurological basis of this phenomenon, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of OLNZ in gerbils and SH-SY5Y cells. Gerbils were subjected to transient global cerebral ischemia (TGCI) by blocking both common carotid arteries, and OLNZ (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to induce oxidative-stress-mediated damage in the SH-SY5Y cells. The results indicated that OLNZ administration markedly reduced neuron damage and glial cell triggering within CA1 zone of the hippocampus. We used RNA sequencing to assess the numbers of up-and downregulated genes involved in TGCI. We found that OLNZ treatment downregulated the expression of complement-component-related genes and the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the hippocampus. In cells, OLNZ co-treatment significantly improved cell viability and reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Expression of antioxidant superoxide dismutase-1,2 enzymes (SOD-1, SOD-2) was also intensely upregulated by OLNZ, while the expression of MAPKs and NF-κB were reduced. Co-incubation with OLNZ also regulated apoptosis-related proteins Bax/Bcl-2 expression. Finally, the results demonstrated that treatment with OLNZ showed neuroprotective effects and that the MAPK pathway could involve in the protective effects.
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121
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DNA Polymerase Theta Plays a Critical Role in Pancreatic Cancer Development and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174077. [PMID: 36077614 PMCID: PMC9454495 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), due to its genomic heterogeneity and lack of effective treatment, despite decades of intensive research, will become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths by 2030. Step-wise acquisition of mutations, due to genomic instability, is considered to drive the development of PDAC; the KRAS mutation occurs in 95 to 100% of human PDAC, and is already detectable in early premalignant lesions designated as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). This mutation is possibly the key event leading to genomic instability and PDAC development. Our study aimed to investigate the role of the error-prone DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair pathway, alt-EJ, in the presence of the KRAS G12D mutation in pancreatic cancer development. Our findings show that oncogenic KRAS contributes to increasing the expression of Polθ, Lig3, and Mre11, key components of alt-EJ in both mouse and human PDAC models. We further confirm increased catalytic activity of alt-EJ in a mouse and human model of PDAC bearing the KRAS G12D mutation. Subsequently, we focused on estimating the impact of alt-EJ inactivation by polymerase theta (Polθ) deletion on pancreatic cancer development, and survival in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and cancer patients. Here, we show that even though Polθ deficiency does not fully prevent the development of pancreatic cancer, it significantly delays the onset of PanIN formation, prolongs the overall survival of experimental mice, and correlates with the overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients in the TCGA database. Our study clearly demonstrates the role of alt-EJ in the development of PDAC, and alt-EJ may be an attractive therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer patients.
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Yang J, Yuan L, Liu F, Li L, Liu J, Chen Y, Lu Y, Yuan Y. Molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of autophagy in kidney diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:974829. [PMID: 36081940 PMCID: PMC9446454 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.974829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular progress for the degradation of cytoplasmic contents including micromolecules, misfolded proteins, and damaged organelles that has recently captured attention in kidney diseases. Basal autophagy plays a pivotal role in maintaining cell survival and kidney homeostasis. Accordingly, dysregulation of autophagy has implicated in the pathologies of kidney diseases. In this review, we summarize the multifaceted role of autophagy in kidney aging, maladaptive repair, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and discuss autophagy-related drugs in kidney diseases. However, uncertainty still remains as to the precise mechanisms of autophagy in kidney diseases. Further research is needed to clarify the accurate molecular mechanism of autophagy in kidney diseases, which will facilitate the discovery of a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanrong Lu
- *Correspondence: Yanrong Lu, ; Yujia Yuan,
| | - Yujia Yuan
- *Correspondence: Yanrong Lu, ; Yujia Yuan,
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Kuo TJ, Jean YH, Shih PC, Cheng SY, Kuo HM, Lee YT, Lai YC, Tseng CC, Chen WF, Wen ZH. Stellettin B-Induced Oral Cancer Cell Death via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mitochondrial Apoptotic and Autophagic Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158813. [PMID: 35955957 PMCID: PMC9368952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) affects tens of thousands of people worldwide. Despite advances in cancer treatment, the 5-year survival rate of patients with late-stage OSCC is low at 50–60%. Therefore, the development of anti-OSCC therapy is necessary. We evaluated the effects of marine-derived triterpene stellettin B in human OC2 and SCC4 cells. Stellettin B dose-dependently decreased the viability of both cell lines, with a significant reduction in OC2 cells at ≥0.1 µM at 24 and 48 h, and in SCC4 cells at ≥1 µM at 24 and 48 h. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells were significantly observed at 20 µM of stellettin B at 48 h, with the overexpression of cleaved caspase3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Moreover, mitochondrial respiratory functions were ablated by stellettin B. Autophagy-related LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and Beclin-1 proteins were increased, whereas p62 was decreased. At 20 µM at 48 h, the expression levels of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress biomarkers calnexin and BiP/GRP78 were significantly increased and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were activated. Further investigation using the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) demonstrated that it alleviated stellettin B-induced cell death and autophagy. Overall, our findings show that stellettin B induces the ER stress, mitochondrial stress, apoptosis, and autophagy, causing cell death of OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Jen Kuo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsuan Jean
- Section of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Antai Medical Care Corporation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Shih
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Cheng
- Department of Environmental Protection, Green Technology Research Institute, CPC Corporation, No. 2, Zuonan Rd., Nan-Tzu District, Kaohsiung 81126, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Mei Kuo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Lai
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Asia University Hospital, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chih Tseng
- Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Fu Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-F.C.); (Z.-H.W.)
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-F.C.); (Z.-H.W.)
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Yu GX, Hu Y, Zhang WX, Tian XY, Zhang SY, Zhang Y, Yuan S, Song J. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine Indole Derivatives against Gastric Cancer Cells MGC-803 via the Suppression of ERK Signaling Pathway. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154996. [PMID: 35956943 PMCID: PMC9370682 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and indole skeletons are widely used to design anticancer agents. Therefore, in this work, a series of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine indole derivatives were designed and synthesized by the molecular hybridization strategy. The antiproliferative activities of the target compounds H1-H18 against three human cancer cell lines, MGC-803, HCT-116 and MCF-7, were tested. Among them, compound H12 exhibited the most active antiproliferative activities against MGC-803, HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells, with IC50 values of 9.47, 9.58 and 13.1 μM, respectively, which were more potent than that of the positive drug 5-Fu. In addition, compound H12 could dose-dependently inhibit the growth and colony formation of MGC-803 cells. Compound H12 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the ERK signaling pathway, resulting in the decreased phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, c-Raf, MEK1/2 and AKT. Furthermore, compound 12 induced cell apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest, and regulated cell cycle-related and apoptosis-related proteins in MGC-803 cells. Taken together, we report here that [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine indole derivatives, used as anticancer agents via the suppression of ERK signaling pathway and the most active compound, H12, might be a valuable hit compound for the development of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xi Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Guana’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wei-Xin Zhang
- Guana’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xin-Yi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sai-Yang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Children’s Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Jian Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.S.)
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Syringenes A–L: Bioactive dimeric eremophilane sesquiterpenoids from Syringa pinnatifolia. Bioorg Chem 2022; 125:105879. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Liu Y, Gong X, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li T, Yan J, Zhou M, Zhang B. Investigation of nickel sulfate-induced cytotoxicity and underlying toxicological mechanisms in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and MAPK signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2058-2071. [PMID: 35499276 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that nickle and its compounds have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. In this study, the cytotoxic insults caused by nickel sulfate (NiSO4 ) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were explored by examining cell viability, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and MAPK signaling pathway activity. Cultured HUVECs were treated with varying concentrations of NiSO4 (0, 62.5, 250, and 1000 μM) for 24 h. Subsequently, markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and MAPK signaling pathways were analyzed using biochemical assays, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot. Rates of apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry. The results showed that NiSO4 exerted dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effects on cell growth. It induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species, the oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione ratio (GSSG/GSH ratio), and malondialdehyde levels. Further, it inhibited superoxide dismutase activity in HUVECs. Flow cytometry analysis results revealed that NiSO4 (62.5-1000 μM) could induce apoptosis in HUVECs. The protein and gene expressions of cleaved Caspase 3 and Bax were elevated, and those of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL were reduced after NiSO4 treatment. Additionally, NiSO4 triggered inflammation in HUVECs, increasing the protein and mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and reducing those of TGF-β. Furthermore, western blot findings revealed that NiSO4 could activate MAPK signaling pathways, upregulating p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 in HUVECs by increasing the levels of p-P38,p-JNK, and p-ERK1/2 in a dose-dependent manner. MAPK pathway inhibitors (10 μM SB203580 and 10 μM SP600125) could attenuate the NiSO4 -induced increase in apoptosis and inflammation in HUVECs. They could also attenuate the dysregulation of inflammatory factors and related proteins caused by high-dose NiSO4 exposure. Interestingly, while the MEK inhibitor U0126 (10 μM) enhanced NiSO4 -induced apoptosis in HUVECs, it reduced cell inflammation. Taken together, these experimental results suggest that NiSO4 can inhibit cell growth, induce oxidative stress, and trigger subsequent inflammatory responses and apoptosis in HUVECs. These effects may be mediated by the P38 and JNK MAPK stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xia Gong
- Department of Geratology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Geratology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Geratology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Benzhong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Mehraj U, Mir IA, Hussain MU, Alkhanani M, Wani NA, Mir MA. Adapalene and Doxorubicin Synergistically Promote Apoptosis of TNBC Cells by Hyperactivation of the ERK1/2 Pathway Through ROS Induction. Front Oncol 2022; 12:938052. [PMID: 35875119 PMCID: PMC9298514 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.938052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent to treat several malignancies, including aggressive tumors like triple-negative breast cancer. It has a limited therapeutic index owing to its extreme toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance. As a result, there is a pressing need to find innovative drugs that enhance the effectiveness of doxorubicin while minimizing its toxicity. The rationale of the present study is that combining emerging treatment agents or repurposed pharmaceuticals with doxorubicin might increase susceptibility to therapeutics and the subsequent establishment of improved pharmacological combinations for treating triple-negative breast cancer. Additionally, combined treatment will facilitate dosage reduction, reducing the toxicity associated with doxorubicin. Recently, the third-generation retinoid adapalene was reported as an effective anticancer agent in several malignancies. This study aimed to determine the anticancer activity of adapalene in TNBC cells and its effectiveness in combination with doxorubicin, and the mechanistic pathways in inhibiting tumorigenicity. Adapalene inhibits tumor cell growth and proliferation and acts synergistically with doxorubicin in inhibiting growth, colony formation, and migration of TNBC cells. Also, the combination of adapalene and doxorubicin enhanced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species triggering hyperphosphorylation of Erk1/2 and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that adapalene is a promising antitumor agent that may be used as a single agent or combined with present therapeutic regimens for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Mehraj
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mahboob Ul Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mustfa Alkhanani
- Emergency Service Department, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nissar Ahmad Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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128
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Ki YS, Chung KS, Lee HW, Choi JH, Tapondjou LA, Jang E, Lee KT. Pennogenin-3-O-α-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-Glucopyranoside (Spiroconazol A) Isolated from Dioscorea bulbifera L. var. sativa Induces Autophagic Cell Death by p38 MAPK Activation in NSCLC Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070893. [PMID: 35890190 PMCID: PMC9319756 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we reported the isolation of pennogenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (spiroconazol A), a steroidal saponin, from the flowers of Dioscorea bulbifera L. var. sativa. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of spiroconazol A on autophagy and its underlying mechanisms in A549 and NCI-H358 human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Spiroconazol A inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. To determine the type of programmed cell death induced by spiroconazol A, we performed a characterization of apoptosis in spiroconazol A-treated A549 cells. Our results showed that spiroconazol A significantly suppressed A549 cell viability but did not influence cell apoptosis because phosphatidylserine and caspase activation were not detected. Furthermore, spiroconazol A treatment upregulated the expression of LC3-II and autophagy-related Beclin-1 protein, suggesting that spiroconazol A induces autophagy in A549 cells. Moreover, spiroconazol A activated the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) but did not affect the phosphorylation of Janus kinase or ERK1/2. Notably, SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, had a significant inhibitory effect on spiroconazol A-induced autophagic cell death in A549 cells. Our results indicated that spiroconazol A-induced autophagy is dependent on p38 MAPK signaling and has potential as a therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Sook Ki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.S.K.); (K.-S.C.); (H.-W.L.)
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.S.K.); (K.-S.C.); (H.-W.L.)
| | - Heon-Woo Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.S.K.); (K.-S.C.); (H.-W.L.)
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Léon Azefack Tapondjou
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 183, Cameroon;
| | - Eungyeong Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, 23, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.S.K.); (K.-S.C.); (H.-W.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0860
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Whitsitt QA, Koo B, Celik ME, Evans BM, Weiland JD, Purcell EK. Spatial Transcriptomics as a Novel Approach to Redefine Electrical Stimulation Safety. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:937923. [PMID: 35928007 PMCID: PMC9344921 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.937923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current standards for safe delivery of electrical stimulation to the central nervous system are based on foundational studies which examined post-mortem tissue for histological signs of damage. This set of observations and the subsequently proposed limits to safe stimulation, termed the “Shannon limits,” allow for a simple calculation (using charge per phase and charge density) to determine the intensity of electrical stimulation that can be delivered safely to brain tissue. In the three decades since the Shannon limits were reported, advances in molecular biology have allowed for more nuanced and detailed approaches to be used to expand current understanding of the physiological effects of stimulation. Here, we demonstrate the use of spatial transcriptomics (ST) in an exploratory investigation to assess the biological response to electrical stimulation in the brain. Electrical stimulation was delivered to the rat visual cortex with either acute or chronic electrode implantation procedures. To explore the influence of device type and stimulation parameters, we used carbon fiber ultramicroelectrode arrays (7 μm diameter) and microwire electrode arrays (50 μm diameter) delivering charge and charge density levels selected above and below reported tissue damage thresholds (range: 2–20 nC, 0.1–1 mC/cm2). Spatial transcriptomics was performed using Visium Spatial Gene Expression Slides (10x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA, United States), which enabled simultaneous immunohistochemistry and ST to directly compare traditional histological metrics to transcriptional profiles within each tissue sample. Our data give a first look at unique spatial patterns of gene expression that are related to cellular processes including inflammation, cell cycle progression, and neuronal plasticity. At the acute timepoint, an increase in inflammatory and plasticity related genes was observed surrounding a stimulating electrode compared to a craniotomy control. At the chronic timepoint, an increase in inflammatory and cell cycle progression related genes was observed both in the stimulating vs. non-stimulating microwire electrode comparison and in the stimulating microwire vs. carbon fiber comparison. Using the spatial aspect of this method as well as the within-sample link to traditional metrics of tissue damage, we demonstrate how these data may be analyzed and used to generate new hypotheses and inform safety standards for stimulation in cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin A. Whitsitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Beomseo Koo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mahmut Emin Celik
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Blake M. Evans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James D. Weiland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Erin K. Purcell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Erin K. Purcell,
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130
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Balkrishna A, Mulay VP, Verma S, Srivastava J, Lochab S, Varshney A. Penta-O-Galloyl-β-D-Glucose in Pistacia integerrima Targets AMPK-ULK1 and ERK/STAT3 Signaling Axes to Induce ROS-Independent Autophagic Cell Death in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:889335. [PMID: 35928273 PMCID: PMC9343872 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.889335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural molecules have promising perspectives as adjuvants to chemotherapies against cancer. Pistacia chinensis subsp. Integerrima (hereafter, Pistacia integerrima) traditionally known for medicinal values in respiratory disorders was tested for anti-lung cancer properties. The extract prepared from Pistacia integerrima (PI) selectively impaired the viability of lung cancer cells, A549 and NCI-H460, compared to non-cancer cells. At non-lethal concentrations, PI mitigated colony-forming, spheroid formations and metastatic properties of lung cancer cells. As a step toward identifying the phytomolecule that is imparting the anti-lung cancer properties in PI, we subjected the extract to extensive characterization through UPLC/QToF-MS and further validated the findings with UHPLC. The gallotannin, penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG), among others, was identified through UPLC/QToF-MS. PGG exhibits potential chemopreventive effects against various cancer types. However, a defined mechanism of action of PGG in restricting lung cancer progression is still unexplored. Bioactivity-guided column fractionations enabled the determination of PGG as the major phytochemical that governed PI-mediated AMPK-ULK1-dependent autophagy and apoptosis, albeit independent of intracellular ROS activation. Interestingly, the autophagy flux when inhibited restored the cell viability even in the presence of PI. The study further delineated that PI and PGG activated ERK and inhibited STAT3 to trigger apoptosis through caspase-3 and PARP 1 pathways. Collectively, the finding demonstrates that plant extract, PGG, in the PI extract effectively combats lung cancer progression through autophagic cell death by altering ERK/AMPK-ULK1/STAT3 signaling axes. The study proposes PGG as a potential AMPK activator and STAT3 inhibitor that can be exploited further in developing adjuvant chemotherapeutics against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Haridwar, India
- Patanjali Yog Peeth (UK) Trust, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Vallabh Prakash Mulay
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Sudeep Verma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Jyotish Srivastava
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Savita Lochab
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
- *Correspondence: Savita Lochab, ; Anurag Varshney,
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Haridwar, India
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Savita Lochab, ; Anurag Varshney,
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131
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Ala M, Mohammad Jafari R, Ala M, Hejazi SM, Tavangar SM, Mahdavi SR, Dehpour AR. Sildenafil improves radiation-induced oral mucositis by attenuating oxidative stress, NF-κB, ERK and JNK signalling pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4556-4565. [PMID: 35810384 PMCID: PMC9357636 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced oral mucositis is a common and dose-limiting complication of head and neck radiotherapy with no effective treatment. Previous studies revealed that sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of sildenafil on radiation-induced mucositis in rats. Two doses of radiation (8 and 26 Gy X-ray) were used to induce low-grade and high-grade oral mucositis, separately. A control group and three groups of sildenafil citrate-treated rats (5, 10, and 40 mg/kg/day) were used for each dose of radiation. Radiation increased MDA and activated NF-κB, ERK and JNK signalling pathways. Sildenafil significantly decreased MDA level, nitric oxide (NO) level, IL1β, IL6 and TNF-α. The most effective dose of sildenafil was 40 mg/kg/day in this study. Sildenafil also significantly inhibited NF-κB, ERK and JNK signalling pathways and increased bcl2/bax ratio. In addition, high-dose radiation severely destructed the mucosal layer in histopathology and led to mucosal cell apoptosis in the TUNEL assay. Sildenafil significantly improved mucosal structure and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration after exposure to high-dose radiation and reduced apoptosis in the TUNEL assay. These findings show that sildenafil can improve radiation-induced oral mucositis and decrease the apoptosis of mucosal cells via attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahan Ala
- Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Marjaneh Hejazi
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Advanced Medical Technologies and Equipment Institute Research Center for Molecular and Cellular in Imaging, Bio-optical Imaging Group, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Seied Rabi Mahdavi
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics, School of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dedert C, Mishra V, Aggarwal G, Nguyen AD, Xu F. Progranulin Preserves Autophagy Flux and Mitochondrial Function in Rat Cortical Neurons Under High Glucose Stress. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:874258. [PMID: 35880011 PMCID: PMC9308004 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.874258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia in type II diabetes results in impaired autophagy function, accumulation of protein aggregates, and neurodegeneration. However, little is known about how to preserve autophagy function under hyperglycemic conditions. In this study, we tested whether progranulin (PGRN), a neurotrophic factor required for proper lysosome function, can restore autophagy function in neurons under high-glucose stress. We cultured primary cortical neurons derived from E18 Sprague-Dawley rat pups to maturity at 10 days in vitro (DIV) before incubation in high glucose medium and PGRN for 24-72 h before testing for autophagy flux, protein turnover, and mitochondrial function. We found that although PGRN by itself did not upregulate autophagy, it attenuated impairments in autophagy seen under high-glucose conditions. Additionally, buildup of the autophagosome marker light chain 3B (LC3B) and lysosome marker lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A) changed in both neurons and astrocytes, indicating a possible role for glia in autophagy flux. Protein turnover, assessed by remaining advanced glycation end-product levels after a 6-h incubation, was preserved with PGRN treatment. Mitochondrial activity differed by complex, although PGRN appeared to increase overall activity in high glucose. We also found that activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), kinases implicated in autophagy function, increased with PGRN treatment under stress. Together, our data suggest that PGRN prevents hyperglycemia-induced decreases in autophagy by increasing autophagy flux via increased ERK1/2 kinase activity in primary rat cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cass Dedert
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Vandana Mishra
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Geetika Aggarwal
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrew D. Nguyen
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Fenglian Xu
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Fenglian Xu,
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Lee HJ, Moon Y, Choi J, Heo JD, Kim S, Nallapaneni HK, Chin YW, Lee J, Han SY. Characterization of KRC-108 as a TrkA Kinase Inhibitor with Anti-Tumor Effects. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:360-367. [PMID: 35264466 PMCID: PMC9252884 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) protein is a receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the NTRK1 gene. TrkA signaling mediates the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of neurons and other cells following stimulation by its ligand, the nerve growth factor. Chromosomal rearrangements of the NTRK1 gene result in the generation of TrkA fusion protein, which is known to cause deregulation of TrkA signaling. Targeting TrkA activity represents a promising strategy for the treatment of cancers that harbor the TrkA fusion protein. In this study, we evaluated the TrkA-inhibitory activity of the benzoxazole compound KRC-108. KRC-108 inhibited TrkA activity in an in vitro kinase assay, and suppressed the growth of KM12C colon cancer cells harboring an NTRK1 gene fusion. KRC-108 treatment induced cell cycle arrest, apoptotic cell death, and autophagy. KRC-108 suppressed the phosphorylation of downstream signaling molecules of TrkA, including Akt, phospholipase Cγ, and ERK1/2. Furthermore, KRC-108 exhibited anti-tumor activity in vivo in a KM12C cell xenograft model. These results indicate that KRC-108 may be a promising therapeutic agent for Trk fusion-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongyu Moon
- Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungil Choi
- Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sekwang Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
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134
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Jeong SB, Das R, Kim DH, Lee S, Oh HI, Jo S, Lee Y, Kim J, Park S, Choi DK, Moon UY, Kwon OB, Namkung W, Lee S, Cho BC, Woo J, Seo Y. Anticancer effect of verteporfin on non-small cell lung cancer via downregulation of ANO1. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113373. [PMID: 35785700 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) is a calcium-activated chloride channel found in various cell types and is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a major cause of cancer-related mortality. With the rising interest in development of druggable compounds for NSCLC, there has been a corresponding rise in interest in ANO1, a novel drug target for NSCLC. However, as ANO1 inhibitors that have been discovered simultaneously exhibit both the functions of an inhibition of ANO1 channel as well as a reduction of ANO1 protein levels, it is unclear which of the two functions directly causes the anticancer effect. In this study, verteporfin, a chemical compound that reduces ANO1 protein levels was identified through high-throughput screening. Verteporfin did not inhibit ANO1-induced chloride secretion but reduced ANO1 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of ~300 nM. Moreover, verteporfin inhibited neither P2Y receptor-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization nor cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel activity, and molecular docking studies revealed that verteporfin bound to specific sites of ANO1 protein. Confirming that verteporfin reduces ANO1 protein levels, we then investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in its effect on NSCLC cells. Interestingly, verteporfin decreased ANO1 protein levels, the EGFR-STAT3 pathway as well as ANO1 mRNA expression. Verteporfin reduced the viability of ANO1-expressing cells (PC9, and gefitinib-resistant PC9) and induced apoptosis by increasing caspase-3 activity and PARP-1 cleavage. However, it did not affect hERG channel activity. These results show that the anticancer mechanism of verteporfin is caused via the down-regulation of ANO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Baek Jeong
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Raju Das
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Sion Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye In Oh
- Underwood Division Economics, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungwoo Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Yechan Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeongdong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, the Republic of Korea.
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Kyu Choi
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Uk Yeol Moon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Oh-Bin Kwon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Wan Namkung
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, the Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungwoo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Joohan Woo
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, the Republic of Korea; Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Yohan Seo
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, the Republic of Korea.
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135
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Betlej G, Ząbek T, Lewińska A, Błoniarz D, Rzeszutek I, Wnuk M. RNA 5-methylcytosine status is associated with DNMT2/TRDMT1 nuclear localization in osteosarcoma cell lines. J Bone Oncol 2022; 36:100448. [PMID: 35942470 PMCID: PMC9356272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2022.100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Selected phenotypic features of three osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines were evaluated. Redox disequilibrium promoted sustained AKT and ERK1/2 activation. Redox imbalance modulated cell death pathways in OS cells. Nuclear levels of TRDMT1 methyltransferase were associated with RNA methylation. A novel marker for predicting therapy response in OS patients is proposed.
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a pediatric malignant bone tumor with unsatisfying improvements in survival rates due to limited understanding of OS biology and potentially druggable targets. The present study aims to better characterize osteosarcoma U-2 OS, SaOS-2, and MG-63 cell lines that are commonly used as in vitro models of OS. We focused on evaluating the differences in cell death pathways, redox equilibrium, the activity of proliferation-related signaling pathways, DNA damage response, telomere maintenance, DNMT2/TRDMT1-based responses and RNA 5-methylcytosine status. SaOS-2 cells were characterized by higher levels of superoxide and nitric oxide that promoted AKT and ERK1/2 activation thus modulating cell death pathways. OS cell lines also differed in the levels and localization of DNA repair regulator DNMT2/TRDMT1. SaOS-2 cells possessed the lowest levels of total, cytoplasmic and nuclear DNMT2/TRDMT1, whereas in MG-63 cells, the highest levels of nuclear DNMT2/TRDMT1 were associated with the most pronounced status of RNA 5-methylcytosine. In silico analysis revealed potential phosphorylation sites at DNMT2/TRDMT1 that may be related to the regulation of DNMT2/TRDMT1 localization. We postulate that redox homeostasis, proliferation-related pathways and DNMT2/TRDMT1-based effects can be modulated as a part of anti-osteosarcoma strategy reflecting diverse phenotypic features of OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Betlej
- Institute of Physical Culture Studies, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow 35-310, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ząbek
- Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, Balice 32-083, Poland
| | - Anna Lewińska
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Nature Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, Rzeszow 35-310, Poland
| | - Dominika Błoniarz
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Nature Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, Rzeszow 35-310, Poland
| | - Iwona Rzeszutek
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Nature Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, Rzeszow 35-310, Poland
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Nature Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, Rzeszow 35-310, Poland
- Corresponding authors.
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136
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Black JD, Affandi T, Black AR, Reyland ME. PKCα and PKCδ: Friends and Rivals. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102194. [PMID: 35760100 PMCID: PMC9352922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PKC comprises a large family of serine/threonine kinases that share a requirement for allosteric activation by lipids. While PKC isoforms have significant homology, functional divergence is evident among subfamilies and between individual PKC isoforms within a subfamily. Here, we highlight these differences by comparing the regulation and function of representative PKC isoforms from the conventional (PKCα) and novel (PKCδ) subfamilies. We discuss how unique structural features of PKCα and PKCδ underlie differences in activation and highlight the similar, divergent, and even opposing biological functions of these kinases. We also consider how PKCα and PKCδ can contribute to pathophysiological conditions and discuss challenges to targeting these kinases therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.
| | - Trisiani Affandi
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Adrian R Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Mary E Reyland
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.
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137
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Antioxidant Activity and Inhibitory Effects of Black Rice Leaf on the Proliferation of Human Carcinoma Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7270782. [PMID: 35726317 PMCID: PMC9206558 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7270782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of black rice, well-known as postharvest agricultural waste, contain a rich source of antioxidants with multiple benefits for human health. In the present study, the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from black rice leaf was separated into five subfractions using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and their antioxidant and anticancer activities were investigated. The results revealed that among all the subfractions, subfraction 5 (Sub5) showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid values. The antioxidant activity was also superior in Sub5 (the IC50 values are 3.23, 31.95, and 72.74 μg/mL, in the DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power assays, respectively) compared to the other subfractions. All subfractions, in a time-dependent manner, inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma (HepG2), breast (MCF-7), and colorectal (Caco-2) cancer cells, especially the Sub5. Thus, Sub5 was employed to conduct the cell cycle and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. Sub5 significantly increased the accumulation of cells at the Sub-G1 phase in HepG2 cells (44.5%, at 48 h). Furthermore, it could trigger annexin V-detected apoptosis through mitochondrial and death receptor pathways accompanied by the suppression of PI3K/Akt and Erk signaling pathways. In addition, HPLC-DAD-MS/MS was conducted to characterize the bioactive constituents in the most potent antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptosis-inducing subfraction. Conclusively, Sub5 may have high potential as functional dietary supplements to inhibit the development of HepG2 liver cancer.
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138
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Saratov V, Ngo QA, Pedot G, Sidorov S, Wachtel M, Niggli FK, Schäfer BW. CRISPR activation screen identifies TGFβ-associated PEG10 as a crucial tumor suppressor in Ewing sarcoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10671. [PMID: 35739280 PMCID: PMC9225990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As the second most common pediatric bone and soft tissue tumor, Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive disease with a pathognomonic chromosomal translocation t(11;22) resulting in expression of EWS-FLI1, an “undruggable” fusion protein acting as transcriptional modulator. EWS-FLI1 rewires the protein expression in cancer cells by activating and repressing a multitude of genes. The role and contribution of most repressed genes remains unknown to date. To address this, we established a CRISPR activation system in clonal SKNMC cell lines and interrogated a custom focused library covering 871 genes repressed by EWS-FLI1. Among the hits several members of the TGFβ pathway were identified, where PEG10 emerged as prime candidate due to its strong antiproliferative effect. Mechanistic investigations revealed that PEG10 overexpression caused cellular dropout via induction of cell death. Furthermore, non-canonical TGFβ pathways such as RAF/MEK/ERK, MKK/JNK, MKK/P38, known to lead to apoptosis or autophagy, were highly activated upon PEG10 overexpression. Our study sheds new light onto the contribution of TGFβ signalling pathway repression to ES tumorigenesis and suggest that its re-activation might constitute a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Saratov
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 32, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Quy A Ngo
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 32, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gloria Pedot
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 32, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Semjon Sidorov
- Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Wachtel
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 32, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix K Niggli
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 32, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat W Schäfer
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 32, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
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139
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Chiarelli R, Scudiero R, Memoli V, Roccheri MC, Martino C. Toxicity of Vanadium during Development of Sea Urchin Embryos: Bioaccumulation, Calcium Depletion, ERK Modulation and Cell-Selective Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116239. [PMID: 35682917 PMCID: PMC9181554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanadium toxicology is a topic of considerable importance as this metal is widely used in industrial and biomedical fields. However, it represents a potential emerging environmental pollutant because wastewater treatment plants do not adequately remove metal compounds that are subsequently released into the environment. Vanadium applications are limited due to its toxicity, so it is urgent to define this aspect. This metal is associated with sea urchin embryo toxicity as it perturbs embryogenesis and skeletogenesis, triggering several stress responses. Here we investigated its bioaccumulation and the correlation with cellular and molecular developmental pathways. We used cytotoxic concentrations of 1 mM and 500 μM to perform quantitative analyses, showing that vanadium accumulation interferes with calcium uptake during sea urchin development and provokes a disruption in the biomineralization process. At the end of the whole treatment, the accumulation of vanadium was about 14 and 8 μg for embryos treated respectively with 1 mM and 500 μM, showing a dose-dependent response. Then, we monitored the cell signaling perturbation, analyzing key molecular markers of cell survival/cell death mechanisms and the DNA fragmentation associated with apoptosis. This paper clarifies vanadium’s trend to accumulate directly into embryonic cells, interfering with calcium uptake. In addition, our results indicate that vanadium can modulate the ERK pathway and activate a cell-selective apoptosis. These results endorse the sea urchin embryo as an adequate experimental model to study metal-related cellular/molecular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Chiarelli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Building 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.C.R.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosaria Scudiero
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (R.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Valeria Memoli
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (R.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Carmela Roccheri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Building 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.C.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Chiara Martino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Building 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.C.R.); (C.M.)
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140
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Chemosensitization Effect of Seabuckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Pulp Oil via Autophagy and Senescence in NSCLC Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101517. [PMID: 35627086 PMCID: PMC9140501 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The research has demonstrated a synergistic anticancer effect of Seabuckthorn pulp oil (SBO) and the standard chemotherapy regimen Docetaxel (DTX) against two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines: A549 and H23. The synergizing effect of an SBO and DTX combination was detected utilizing SRB assay and combination index (CI) approaches. Flow cytometry was carried out using fluorescent probes to measure cell cycle analysis by DNA content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Further, we demonstrated that the synergistic anticancer activity of SBO merged with DTX was achieved by caspase-independent autophagy and senescence induction. These changes were concomitant with increased generation of ROS production and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) protein expression, G1-phase arrest, and enhanced senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining activity. Our data also demonstrated that SBO or DTX treatment groups solely upregulated the phosphorylation of ERK, which coincided with the induction of autophagy vacuoles and was functionally associated with ROS activation. Moreover, endogenous LC3 puncta staining was performed and monitored by confocal microscopy. Overall, these results suggest new mechanisms for the antitumor activity of SBO co-treated with DTX through triggering autophagic cell death and senescence against cancer cells as a result of sustained ERK phosphorylation and intracellular ROS production in NSCLC. In addition, we also highlight SBO as an alternative therapeutic option or adjunct therapeutic strategy in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in lung cancer therapy management.
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141
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Chen YT, Tseng TT, Tsai HP, Huang MY. Arylquin 1 (Potent Par-4 Secretagogue) Inhibits Tumor Progression and Induces Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105645. [PMID: 35628455 PMCID: PMC9143413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies mainly involve surgery and chemoradiotherapy; however, novel antitumor compounds are needed to avoid drug resistance in CRC, as well as the severe side effects of current treatments. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects and underlying mechanisms of Arylquin 1 in CRC. The MTT assay was used to detect the viability of SW620 and HCT116 cancer cells treated with Arylquin 1 in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Further, wound-healing and transwell migration assays were used to evaluate the migration and invasion abilities of cultured cells, and Annexin V was used to detect apoptotic cells. Additionally, Western blot was used to identify the expression levels of N-cadherin, caspase-3, cyclin D1, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK), and phospho-p38, related to key signaling proteins, after administration of Arylquin 1. Xenograft experiments further confirmed the effects of Arylquin 1 on CRC cells in vivo. Arylquin 1 exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability in cultured CRC cells. It also inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induced apoptosis. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that Arylquin 1 increased phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, and p38. In a mouse xenograft model, Arylquin 1 treatment diminished the growth of colon tumors after injection of cultured cancer cells. Arylquin 1 may have potential anticancer effects and translational significance in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (T.-T.T.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (T.-T.T.)
| | - Hung-Pei Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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142
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Lv S, Wang X, Jin S, Shen S, Wang R, Tong P. Quercetin mediates TSC2-RHEB-mTOR pathway to regulate chondrocytes autophagy in knee osteoarthritis. Gene X 2022; 820:146209. [PMID: 35093450 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the specific molecular mechanism of the therapeutic effect of quercetin in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS The KOA rat model was constructed by excising the medial meniscus and transecting the anterior meniscus. Joint injuries in rats were determined by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) and Safranin O staining. The severity of KOA was then assessed according to the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI). The expressions of TSC2 and LC2B in joint tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry. Besides, chondrocytes treated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β were used to construct a chondrocyte arthritis model, while those treated with 4 or 8 μM quercetin were served as treatment groups. MTT, flow cytometry and toluidine blue staining were used to detect cell viability, apoptosis and mucopolysaccharide synthesis, respectively. qRT-PCR or Western blot was performed to determine the expressions of MMP-13, collagen II, Aggrecan, TSC2, RHEB, mTOR, p-mTOR, ULK1, p-ULK1, LC3B-I, LC3B-II and P62 in chondrocytes. RESULTS Quercetin alleviated the joint injury and suppressed the increase in MMP-13 expression and the decreases in collagen II and Aggrecan expressions in KOA rats. In addition, quercetin suppressed RHEB, p-mTOR, p-ULK1 and P62 expressions but promoted TSC2 and LC3BII expressions in KOA rats. Furthermore, quercetin could relieve the decrease of cell viability and the increase of apoptosis that induced by IL-1β, and promote the synthesis of IL-1β-inhibited mucopolysaccharide in chondrocytes. Nevertheless, siTSC2 partially offset the therapeutic effects of quercetin in chondrocytes. CONCLUSION Quercetin alleviated KOA by mediating the TSC2-RHBE-mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijie Lv
- Orthopedics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Orthopedics Department, The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310053, China
| | - Shuaijie Jin
- Orthopedics Department, The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310053, China
| | - Shaoning Shen
- Orthopedics Department, The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310053, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Orthopedics Department, The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310053, China
| | - Peijian Tong
- Orthopedics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310000, China.
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Meira CS, Soares JWC, Dos Reis BPZC, Pacheco LV, Santos IP, Silva DKC, de Lacerda JC, Daltro SRT, Guimarães ET, Soares MBP. Therapeutic Applications of Physalins: Powerful Natural Weapons. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:864714. [PMID: 35450054 PMCID: PMC9016203 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.864714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Physalins, or 16,24-cyclo-13,14-seco steroids, are compounds belonging to the class of withanolides that can be found in plants of Solanaceae family, mainly in species belonging to the genus Physalis spp., which are annual herbaceous plants widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Physalins are versatile molecules that act in several cell signaling pathways and activate different mechanisms of cell death or immunomodulation. A number of studies have shown a variety of actions of these compounds, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, and antiviral activities. Here we reviewed the main findings related to the anticancer, immunomodulatory, and antiparasitic activities of physalins and its mechanisms of action, highlighting the \challenges and future directions in the pharmacological application of physalins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Santana Meira
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil.,Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia (UNEB), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julia Costa de Lacerda
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Bahiana Foundation for the Development of Sciences, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Elisalva Teixeira Guimarães
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia (UNEB), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil.,Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
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Lezcano V, Morelli S, González-Pardo V. Molecular and cellular outcomes of quercetin actions on healthy and tumor osteoblasts. Biochimie 2022; 199:46-59. [PMID: 35447220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a global trend in the use of natural bioactive compounds to complement conventional therapies in bone diseases. In this work, we studied the effects of the phytoestrogen quercetin (QUE) in healthy and tumor osteoblasts. We found that QUE (1 μM, 48 h) significantly increased the cell number and the viability of healthy human osteoblasts (hFOB cells) determined by a trypan blue and a MTS assay, respectively, among other concentrations tested. In addition, wound healing and cellular adhesion assays also demonstrated that 1 μM of QUE significantly stimulated both parameters in osteoblasts. Moreover, osteoblast differentiation was also triggered by QUE in an osteogenic medium by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and collagen levels. Herein, a concentration of 0.01 μM of QUE showed an increment in these differentiation markers and an activation of AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway, determined by a Western blot analysis. In addition, immunocytochemistry and subcellular fraction studies indicated an increase of β-catenin localization in the plasma membrane after QUE treatment. Otherwise, QUE (20-100 μM) decreased the cell number and the viability in tumor osteoblasts (ROS 17/2.8 cells) after 48 h. Furthermore, QUE (100 μM) decreased AKT(Ser473) and the pro-apoptotic protein BAD(Ser136) phosphorylation. In addition, the ERK1/2 phosphorylation increased leading to osteosarcoma cell death since pre-treatment with the MEK inhibitor PD98059 had reverted QUE effect. Altogether, these results indicate that to stimulate the osteoblastogenesis low concentrations of QUE are required; however, these concentrations are not effective in inhibiting the growth of tumor osteoblasts, for which higher concentrations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Lezcano
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), 8000, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Argentina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 8000, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Susana Morelli
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), 8000, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Argentina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 8000, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica González-Pardo
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), 8000, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Argentina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 8000, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ko H, Lee M, Cha E, Sul J, Park J, Lee J. Eribulin Mesylate Improves Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Activation. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58040547. [PMID: 35454385 PMCID: PMC9025504 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58040547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives; Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with poor patient prognosis because of its multiple molecular features. Thus, more effective treatment for TNBC is urgently needed. This study determined the possible involvement of ERK1/2 activation in cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in TNBC by providing additional eribulin treatment. Materials and Methods; We investigated cell viability and apoptosis caused by eribulin, cisplatin, or co-treatment in HCC38, MDA-MB-231, and SKBR3 human breast cancer cells. Results; Cisplatin significantly lowered cell viability and caused high apoptotic cell death in all breast cancer cell lines. The viability of TNBC cells was significantly lower in the group co-treated with cisplatin and eribulin than in the cisplatin-only treatment group. Additional eribulin treatment significantly enhanced PARP cleavage and caspase-3 activity in cisplatin-treated TNBC cells. Moreover, cisplatin treatment activated ERK1/2 in all breast cancer cell lines. The cisplatin and eribulin combination synergistically activated ERK1/2 in TNBC cells compared with the cisplatin-only treatment. Administration of the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 increased the viability of TNBC cells treated with cisplatin plus eribulin. Conclusions; Eribulin could synergize the cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of cisplatin and increase ERK1/2 activation, thus enhancing anti-cancer effects against TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemi Ko
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.K.); (J.S.); (J.P.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (M.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Myungsun Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (M.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Eunyoung Cha
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (M.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Jiyoung Sul
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.K.); (J.S.); (J.P.)
- Department of Surgery and Research Institute for Medicinal Sciences, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Junbeom Park
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.K.); (J.S.); (J.P.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (M.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Jinsun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.K.); (J.S.); (J.P.)
- Department of Surgery and Research Institute for Medicinal Sciences, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-010-2047-0808
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Aloperine: A Potent Modulator of Crucial Biological Mechanisms in Multiple Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040905. [PMID: 35453655 PMCID: PMC9028564 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloperine is an alkaloid found in the seeds and leaves of the medicinal plant Sophora alopecuroides L. It has been used as herbal medicine in China for centuries due to its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. Recently, aloperine has been widely investigated for its therapeutic activities. Aloperine is proven to be an effective therapeutic agent against many human pathological conditions, including cancer, viral diseases, and cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders. Aloperine is reported to exert therapeutic effects through triggering various biological processes, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy, suppressing cell migration, and invasion. It has also been found to be associated with the modulation of various signaling pathways in different diseases. In this review, we summarize the most recent knowledge on the modulatory effects of aloperine on various critical biological processes and signaling mechanisms, including the PI3K, Akt, NF-κB, Ras, and Nrf2 pathways. These data demonstrate that aloperine is a promising therapeutic candidate. Being a potent modulator of signaling mechanisms, aloperine can be employed in clinical settings to treat various human disorders in the future.
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147
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Liao M, Qin R, Huang W, Zhu HP, Peng F, Han B, Liu B. Targeting regulated cell death (RCD) with small-molecule compounds in triple-negative breast cancer: a revisited perspective from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:44. [PMID: 35414025 PMCID: PMC9006445 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of human breast cancer with one of the worst prognoses, with no targeted therapeutic strategies currently available. Regulated cell death (RCD), also known as programmed cell death (PCD), has been widely reported to have numerous links to the progression and therapy of many types of human cancer. Of note, RCD can be divided into numerous different subroutines, including autophagy-dependent cell death, apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and anoikis. More recently, targeting the subroutines of RCD with small-molecule compounds has been emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy, which has rapidly progressed in the treatment of TNBC. Therefore, in this review, we focus on summarizing the molecular mechanisms of the above-mentioned seven major RCD subroutines related to TNBC and the latest progress of small-molecule compounds targeting different RCD subroutines. Moreover, we further discuss the combined strategies of one drug (e.g., narciclasine) or more drugs (e.g., torin-1 combined with chloroquine) to achieve the therapeutic potential on TNBC by regulating RCD subroutines. More importantly, we demonstrate several small-molecule compounds (e.g., ONC201 and NCT03733119) by targeting the subroutines of RCD in TNBC clinical trials. Taken together, these findings will provide a clue on illuminating more actionable low-hanging-fruit druggable targets and candidate small-molecule drugs for potential RCD-related TNBC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minru Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hong-Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.,Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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148
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Forzisi E, Yu W, Rajwade P, Sesti F. Antagonistic roles of Ras-MAPK and Akt signaling in integrin-K + channel complex-mediated cellular apoptosis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22292. [PMID: 35357039 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200180r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Complexes formed with α5-integrins and the voltage-gated potassium (K+ ) channel KCNB1 (Kv2.1), known as IKCs, transduce the electrical activity at the plasma membrane into biochemical events that impinge on cytoskeletal remodeling, cell differentiation, and migration. However, when cells are subject to stress of oxidative nature IKCs turn toxic and cause inflammation and death. Here, biochemical, pharmacological, and cell viability evidence demonstrates that in response to oxidative insults, IKCs activate an apoptotic Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras-MAPK) signaling pathway. Simultaneously, wild-type (WT) KCNB1 channels sequester protein kinase B (Akt) causing dephosphorylation of BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD), a major sentinel of apoptosis progression. In contrast, IKCs formed with C73A KCNB1 variant that does not induce apoptosis (IKCC73A ), do not sequester Akt and thus are able to engage cell survival mechanisms. Taken together, these data suggest that apoptotic and survival forces co-exist in IKCs. Integrins send death signals through Ras-MAPK and KCNB1 channels simultaneously sabotage survival mechanisms. Thus, the combined action of integrins and KCNB1 channels advances life or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Forzisi
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Parth Rajwade
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Federico Sesti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Pathak K, Pathak MP, Saikia R, Gogoi U, Sahariah JJ, Zothantluanga JH, Samanta A, Das A. Cancer Chemotherapy via Natural Bioactive Compounds. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2022; 19:e310322202888. [PMID: 35362385 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220331095744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-induced mortality is increasingly prevalent globally which skyrocketed the necessity to discover new/novel safe and effective anticancer drugs. Cancer is characterized by the continuous multiplication of cells in the human which is unable to control. Scientific research is drawing its attention towards naturally-derived bioactive compounds as they have fewer side effects compared to the current synthetic drugs used for chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE Drugs isolated from natural sources and their role in the manipulation of epigenetic markers in cancer are discussed briefly in this review article. METHODS With advancing medicinal plant biotechnology and microbiology in the past century, several anticancer phytomedicines were developed. Modern pharmacopeia contains at least 25% herbal-based remedy including clinically used anticancer drugs. These drugs mainly include the podophyllotoxin derivatives vinca alkaloids, curcumin, mistletoe plant extracts, taxanes, camptothecin, combretastatin, and others including colchicine, artesunate, homoharringtonine, ellipticine, roscovitine, maytanasin, tapsigargin,andbruceantin. RESULTS Compounds (psammaplin, didemnin, dolastin, ecteinascidin,and halichondrin) isolated from marine sources and animals such as microalgae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, invertebrates. They have been evaluated for their anticancer activity on cells and experimental animal models and used chemotherapy.Drug induced manipulation of epigenetic markers plays an important role in the treatment of cancer. CONCLUSION The development of a new drug from isolated bioactive compounds of plant sources has been a feasible way to lower the toxicity and increase their effectiveness against cancer. Potential anticancer therapeutic leads obtained from various ethnomedicinal plants, foods, marine, and microorganisms are showing effective yet realistically safe pharmacological activity. This review will highlight important plant-based bioactive compounds like curcumin, stilbenes, terpenes, other polyphenolic phyto-compounds, and structurally related families that are used to prevent/ ameliorate cancer. However, a contribution from all possible fields of science is still a prerequisite for discovering safe and effective anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Manash Pratim Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-781026, Assam, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Jon Jyoti Sahariah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - James H Zothantluanga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Abhishek Samanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
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Kandemir FM, Ileriturk M, Gur C. Rutin protects rat liver and kidney from sodium valproate-induce damage by attenuating oxidative stress, ER stress, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6063-6074. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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