101
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Guerra-Varela J, Cabezas-Sainz P, Yebra-Pimentel E, Gutiérrez-Lovera C, Cedrón VP, Otero Obarrio MA, Sciara AA, Rodríguez N, Araujo J, Millán A, Sánchez L. “A Zebra in the Water”: Inspiring Science in Spain. Zebrafish 2016; 13:241-7. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Guerra-Varela
- Department of Genetics, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
- Geneaqua S.L., Lugo, Spain
| | - Pablo Cabezas-Sainz
- Department of Genetics, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Elena Yebra-Pimentel
- Department of Genetics, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlha Gutiérrez-Lovera
- Department of Genetics, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Vanessa P. Cedrón
- Department of Genetics, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Mónica A. Otero Obarrio
- Department of Genetics, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Andrés A. Sciara
- Department of Genetics, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Laura Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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102
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von Mässenhausen A, Sanders C, Brägelmann J, Konantz M, Queisser A, Vogel W, Kristiansen G, Duensing S, Schröck A, Bootz F, Brossart P, Kirfel J, Lengerke C, Perner S. Targeting DDR2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with dasatinib. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2359-69. [PMID: 27434411 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is the tenth most common tumor entity in men worldwide. Nevertheless therapeutic options are mostly limited to surgery and radio-chemotherapy resulting in 5-year survival rates of around 50%. Therefore new therapeutic options are urgently needed. During the last years, targeting of receptor tyrosine kinases has emerged as a promising strategy that can complement standard therapeutical approaches. Here, we aimed at investigating if the receptor tyrosine kinase DDR2 is a targetable structure in HNSCC. DDR2 expression was assessed on a large HNSCC cohort (554 patients) including primary tumors, lymph node metastases and recurrences and normal mucosa as control. Subsequently, DDR2 was stably overexpressed in two different cell lines (FaDu and HSC-3) using lentiviral technology. Different tumorigenic properties such as proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion and anchorage independent growth were assessed with and without dasatinib treatment using in-vitro cell models and in-vivo zebrafish xenografts. DDR2 was overexpressed in all tumor tissues when compared to normal mucosa. DDR2 overexpression led to increased migration, invasion, adhesion and anchorage independent growth whereas proliferation remained unaltered. Upon dasatinib treatment migration, invasion and adhesion could be inhibited in-vitro and in-vivo whereas proliferation was unchanged. Our data suggest treatment with dasatinib as a promising new therapeutic option for patients suffering from DDR2 overexpressing HNSCC. Since dasatinib is already FDA-approved we propose to test this drug in clinical trials so that patients could directly benefit from this new treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne von Mässenhausen
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Sanders
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Brägelmann
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martina Konantz
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angela Queisser
- Section of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Vogel
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Luebeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schröck
- Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friedrich Bootz
- Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Perner
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Luebeck and Borstel, Germany.
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103
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Lawlor ER, Sorensen PH. Twenty Years on: What Do We Really Know about Ewing Sarcoma and What Is the Path Forward? Crit Rev Oncog 2016; 20:155-71. [PMID: 26349414 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2015013553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly aggressive bone and soft-tissue tumor with peak incidence among adolescents and young adults. Despite advances in local control and systemic chemotherapy, metastatic relapse after an initial clinical remission remains a significant clinical problem. In addition, metastasis at the time of presentation or at relapse continues to be the leading cause of death for patients diagnosed with ES. Since the discovery of the pathognomonic EWS-FLI1 fusion gene more than 20 years ago, much about the molecular and cellular biology of ES pathogenesis has been learned. In addition, more recent exploitation of advances in stem cell and developmental biology has provided key insights into the cellular origins of ES and the role of epigenetic deregulation in tumor initiation and maintenance. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that drive tumor relapse and metastasis remain largely unknown. These gaps in our knowledge continue to hamper the development of novel therapeutic strategies that may improve outcomes for patients with relapsed and metastatic disease. In this article we review the current status of ES biology research, highlighting areas of investigation that we consider to have the greatest potential to yield findings that will translate into clinically significant advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Lawlor
- Department of Pediatrics & Communicable Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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104
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Abstract
Zebrafish represents a powerful model for cancer research. Particularly, the xenotransplantation of human cancer cells into zebrafish has enormous potential for further evaluation of cancer progression and drug discovery. Various cancer models have been established in adults, juveniles and embryos of zebrafish. This xenotransplantation zebrafish model provides a unique opportunity to monitor cancer proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, self-renewal of cancer stem cells, and drug response in real time in vivo. This review summarizes the use of zebrafish as a model for cancer xenotransplantation, and highlights its advantages and disadvantages.
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105
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Gao M, Xu Y, Qiu L. Sensitization of multidrug-resistant malignant cells by liposomes co-encapsulating doxorubicin and chloroquine through autophagic inhibition. J Liposome Res 2016; 27:151-160. [PMID: 27250110 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2016.1185731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a key role in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) are important proteins in this superfamily which are widely expressed on the membranes of multidrug resistance (MDR) cancer cells. Besides, upregulation of cellular autophagic responses is considered a contributing factor for MDR in cancer cells. We designed a liposome system co-encapsulating a chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin hydrochloride, DOX) and a typical autophagy inhibitior (chloroquine phosphate, CQ) at a weight ratio of 1:2 and investigated its drug resistance reversal mechanism. MTT assay showed that the IC50 of DOX/CQ co-encapsulated liposome in DOX-resistant human breast cancer cells (MCF7/ADR) was 4.7 ± 0.2 μM, 5.7-fold less than that of free DOX (26.9 ± 1.9 μM), whereas it was 19.5-fold in doxorubicin-resistant human acute myelocytic leukemia cancer cells (HL60/ADR) (DOX/CQ co-encapsulated liposome 1.2 ± 0.1 μM, free DOX 23.4 ± 2.8 μM). The cellular uptake of DOX increased upon addition of free CQ, indicating that CQ may interact with P-gp and MRP1; however, the expressions of P-gp and MRP1 remained unchanged. In contrast, the expression of the autophagy-related protein LC3-II increased remarkably. Therefore, the mechanism of MDR reversal may be closely related to autophagic inhibition. Evaluation of anti-tumor activity was achieved in an MCF-7/ADR multicellular tumor spheroid model and transgenic zebrafish model. DOX/CQ co-encapsulated liposome exerted a better anti-tumor effect in both models than that of liposomal DOX or DOX alone. These findings suggest that encapsulating CQ with DOX in liposomes significantly improves the sensitivity of DOX in DOX-resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Gao
- b College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- b College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Liyan Qiu
- a Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China and
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106
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Vittori M, Breznik B, Gredar T, Hrovat K, Bizjak Mali L, Lah TT. Imaging of human glioblastoma cells and their interactions with mesenchymal stem cells in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryonic brain. Radiol Oncol 2016; 50:159-67. [PMID: 27247548 PMCID: PMC4852964 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An attractive approach in the study of human cancers is the use of transparent zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, which enable the visualization of cancer progression in a living animal. MATERIALS AND METHODS We implanted mixtures of fluorescently labeled glioblastoma (GBM) cells and bonemarrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into zebrafish embryos to study the cellular pathways of their invasion and the interactions between these cells in vivo. RESULTS By developing and applying a carbocyanine-dye-compatible clearing protocol for observation of cells in deep tissues, we showed that U87 and U373 GBM cells rapidly aggregated into tumor masses in the ventricles and midbrain hemispheres of the zebrafish embryo brain, and invaded the central nervous system, often using the ventricular system and the central canal of the spinal cord. However, the GBM cells did not leave the central nervous system. With co-injection of differentially labeled cultured GBM cells and MSCs, the implanted cells formed mixed tumor masses in the brain. We observed tight associations between GBM cells and MSCs, and possible cell-fusion events. GBM cells and MSCs used similar invasion routes in the central nervous system. CONCLUSIONS This simple model can be used to study the molecular pathways of cellular processes in GBM cell invasion, and their interactions with various types of stromal cells in double or triple cell co-cultures, to design anti-GBM cell therapies that use MSCs as vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Vittori
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Tajda Gredar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Lilijana Bizjak Mali
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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107
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Kumar A, Singh N, Goswami M, Srivastava JK, Mishra AK, Lakra WS. Establishment and Characterization of a New Muscle Cell Line of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an In Vitro Model for Gene Expression Studies. Anim Biotechnol 2016; 27:166-73. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2016.1147455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Mukunda Goswami
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Akhilesh K. Mishra
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India
| | - W. S. Lakra
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, India
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108
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Rodriguez-Nunez I, Wcisel DJ, Litman RT, Litman GW, Yoder JA. The identification of additional zebrafish DICP genes reveals haplotype variation and linkage to MHC class I genes. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:295-312. [PMID: 26801775 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bony fish encode multiple multi-gene families of membrane receptors that are comprised of immunoglobulin (Ig) domains and are predicted to function in innate immunity. One of these families, the diverse immunoglobulin (Ig) domain-containing protein (DICP) genes, maps to three chromosomal loci in zebrafish. Most DICPs possess one or two Ig ectodomains and include membrane-bound and secreted forms. Membrane-bound DICPs include putative inhibitory and activating receptors. Recombinant DICP Ig domains bind lipids with varying specificity, a characteristic shared with mammalian CD300 and TREM family members. Numerous DICP transcripts amplified from different lines of zebrafish did not match the zebrafish reference genome sequence suggesting polymorphic and haplotypic variation. The expression of DICPs in three different lines of zebrafish has been characterized employing PCR-based strategies. Certain DICPs exhibit restricted expression in adult tissues whereas others are expressed ubiquitously. Transcripts of a subset of DICPs can be detected during embryonic development suggesting roles in embryonic immunity or other developmental processes. Transcripts representing 11 previously uncharacterized DICP sequences were identified. The assignment of two of these sequences to an unplaced genomic scaffold resulted in the identification of an alternative DICP haplotype that is linked to a MHC class I Z lineage haplotype on zebrafish chromosome 3. The linkage of DICP and MHC class I genes also is observable in the genomes of the related grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) suggesting that this is a shared character with the last common Cyprinidae ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Rodriguez-Nunez
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Dustin J Wcisel
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Ronda T Litman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, USF/ACH Children's Research Institute, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Gary W Litman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, USF/ACH Children's Research Institute, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, All Children's Hospital Johns Hopkins Medicine, 501 6th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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109
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Staal FJT, Spaink HP, Fibbe WE. Visualizing Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Trafficking In Vivo Using a Zebrafish Xenograft Model. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:360-5. [PMID: 26650921 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is gaining increased popularity as a model organism to study stem cell biology. It also is widely used as model system to visualize human leukemic stem cells. However, xenotransplantation of primary human stem/progenitor cells has not been described. Here, we use casper pigmentation mutant fish that are transparent crossed to fli-GFP transgenic fish as recipients of red labeled human CD34(+) cells. We have investigated various conditions and protocols with the aim to monitor and visualize the fate of transplanted human CD34(+) cells. We here report successful use of casper mutant zebrafish embryos for the direct monitoring of human hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, differentiation, and trafficking in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J T Staal
- 1 Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Herman P Spaink
- 2 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Willem E Fibbe
- 1 Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
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110
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Evensen L, Johansen PL, Koster G, Zhu K, Herfindal L, Speth M, Fenaroli F, Hildahl J, Bagherifam S, Tulotta C, Prasmickaite L, Mælandsmo GM, Snaar-Jagalska E, Griffiths G. Zebrafish as a model system for characterization of nanoparticles against cancer. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:862-77. [PMID: 26648525 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07289a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs) have great potential to deliver drugs against human diseases. Encapsulation of drugs in NPs protects them from being metabolized, while they are delivered specifically to a target site, thereby reducing toxicity and other side-effects. However, non-specific tissue accumulation of NPs, for example in macrophages, especially in the spleen and liver is a general problem with many NPs being developed for cancer therapy. To address the problem of non-specific tissue accumulation of NPs we describe the development of the zebrafish embryo as a transparent vertebrate system for characterization of NPs against cancer. We show that injection of human cancer cells results in tumor-like structures, and that subsequently injected fluorescent NPs, either made of polystyrene or liposomes can be imaged in real-time. NP biodistribution and general in vivo properties can be easily monitored in embryos having selective fluorescent labeling of specific tissues. We demonstrate in vitro, by using optical tweezer micromanipulation, microscopy and flow cytometry that polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating of NPs decreases the level of adhesion of NPs to macrophages, and also to cancer cells. In vivo in zebrafish embryos, PEG coating resulted in longer NP circulation times, decreased macrophage uptake, and reduced adhesion to the endothelium. Importantly, liposomes were observed to accumulate passively and selectively in tumor-like structures comprised of human cancer cells. These results show that zebrafish embryo is a powerful system for microscopy-based screening of NPs on the route to preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Evensen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Patrick L Johansen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gerbrand Koster
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kaizheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 26, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Herfindal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Martin Speth
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Federico Fenaroli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jon Hildahl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Shahla Bagherifam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 26, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claudia Tulotta
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lina Prasmickaite
- Department of Tumour Biology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild M Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumour Biology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ewa Snaar-Jagalska
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
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111
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Tulotta C, Stefanescu C, Beletkaia E, Bussmann J, Tarbashevich K, Schmidt T, Snaar-Jagalska BE. Inhibition of signaling between human CXCR4 and zebrafish ligands by the small molecule IT1t impairs the formation of triple-negative breast cancer early metastases in a zebrafish xenograft model. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:141-53. [PMID: 26744352 PMCID: PMC4770151 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.023275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and recurrent type of breast carcinoma that is associated with poor patient prognosis. Because of the limited efficacy of current treatments, new therapeutic strategies need to be developed. The CXCR4-CXCL12 chemokine signaling axis guides cell migration in physiological and pathological processes, including breast cancer metastasis. Although targeted therapies to inhibit the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis are under clinical experimentation, still no effective therapeutic approaches have been established to block CXCR4 in TNBC. To unravel the role of the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis in the formation of TNBC early metastases, we used the zebrafish xenograft model. Importantly, we demonstrate that cross-communication between the zebrafish and human ligands and receptors takes place and human tumor cells expressing CXCR4 initiate early metastatic events by sensing zebrafish cognate ligands at the metastatic site. Taking advantage of the conserved intercommunication between human tumor cells and the zebrafish host, we blocked TNBC early metastatic events by chemical and genetic inhibition of CXCR4 signaling. We used IT1t, a potent CXCR4 antagonist, and show for the first time its promising anti-tumor effects. In conclusion, we confirm the validity of the zebrafish as a xenotransplantation model and propose a pharmacological approach to target CXCR4 in TNBC. Summary: CXCR4-expressing human tumor cells respond to zebrafish cognate ligands and initiate metastatic events in a zebrafish xenograft model. The CXCR4 antagonist IT1t has promising tumor inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tulotta
- Institute of Biology, Animal Sciences and Health, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Stefanescu
- Institute of Biology, Animal Sciences and Health, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Beletkaia
- Physics of Life Processes, Kamerligh Onnes-Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, Leiden 2333 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bussmann
- Institute of Biology, Animal Sciences and Health, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Kamerligh Onnes-Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, Leiden 2333 CA, The Netherlands
| | - B Ewa Snaar-Jagalska
- Institute of Biology, Animal Sciences and Health, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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112
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Zhu S, Thomas Look A. Neuroblastoma and Its Zebrafish Model. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 916:451-78. [PMID: 27165366 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30654-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, an important developmental tumor arising in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system (PSNS), accounts for approximately 10 % of all cancer-related deaths in children. Recent genomic analyses have identified a spectrum of genetic alterations in this tumor. Amplification of the MYCN oncogene is found in 20 % of cases and is often accompanied by mutational activation of the ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) gene, suggesting their cooperation in tumor initiation and spread. Understanding how complex genetic changes function together in oncogenesis has been a continuing and daunting task in cancer research. This challenge was addressed in neuroblastoma by generating a transgenic zebrafish model that overexpresses human MYCN and activated ALK in the PSNS, leading to tumors that closely resemble human neuroblastoma and new opportunities to probe the mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of this tumor. For example, coexpression of activated ALK with MYCN in this model triples the penetrance of neuroblastoma and markedly accelerates tumor onset, demonstrating the interaction of these modified genes in tumor development. Further, MYCN overexpression induces adrenal sympathetic neuroblast hyperplasia, blocks chromaffin cell differentiation, and ultimately triggers a developmentally-timed apoptotic response in the hyperplastic sympathoadrenal cells. In the context of MYCN overexpression, activated ALK provides prosurvival signals that block this apoptotic response, allowing continued expansion and oncogenic transformation of hyperplastic neuroblasts, thus promoting progression to neuroblastoma. This application of the zebrafish model illustrates its value in rational assessment of the multigenic changes that define neuroblastoma pathogenesis and points the way to future studies to identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA.
| | - A Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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113
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van Marion DM, Domanska UM, Timmer-Bosscha H, Walenkamp AM. Studying cancer metastasis: Existing models, challenges and future perspectives. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 97:107-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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114
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Boussommier-Calleja A, Li R, Chen MB, Wong SC, Kamm RD. Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions. Trends Cancer 2016; 2:6-19. [PMID: 26858990 PMCID: PMC4743529 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recognition of the enormous potential of immunotherapies against cancer, research into the interactions between tumor and immune cells has accelerated, leading to the recent FDA approval of several drugs that reduce cancer progression. Numerous cellular and molecular interactions have been identified by which immune cells can intervene in the metastatic cascade, leading to the development of several in vivo and in vitro model systems that can recapitulate these processes. Among these, microfluidic technologies hold many advantages in terms of their unique ability to capture the essential features of multiple cell type interactions in three-dimensions while allowing tight control of the microenvironment and real-time monitoring. Here, we review current assays and discuss the development of new microfluidic technologies for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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115
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Welker AM, Jaros BD, Puduvalli VK, Imitola J, Kaur B, Beattie CE. Standardized orthotopic xenografts in zebrafish reveal glioma cell-line-specific characteristics and tumor cell heterogeneity. Dis Model Mech 2015; 9:199-210. [PMID: 26659251 PMCID: PMC4770147 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.022921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly brain cancer, for which few effective drug treatments are available. Several studies have used zebrafish models to study GBM, but a standardized approach to modeling GBM in zebrafish was lacking to date, preventing comparison of data across studies. Here, we describe a new, standardized orthotopic xenotransplant model of GBM in zebrafish. Dose-response survival assays were used to define the optimal number of cells for tumor formation. Techniques to measure tumor burden and cell spread within the brain over real time were optimized using mouse neural stem cells as control transplants. Applying this standardized approach, we transplanted two patient-derived GBM cell lines, serum-grown adherent cells and neurospheres, into the midbrain region of embryonic zebrafish and analyzed transplanted larvae over time. Progressive brain tumor growth and premature larval death were observed using both cell lines; however, fewer transplanted neurosphere cells were needed for tumor growth and lethality. Tumors were heterogeneous, containing both cells expressing stem cell markers and cells expressing markers of differentiation. A small proportion of transplanted neurosphere cells expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) or vimentin, markers of more differentiated cells, but this number increased significantly during tumor growth, indicating that these cells undergo differentiation in vivo. By contrast, most serum-grown adherent cells expressed GFAP and vimentin at the earliest times examined post-transplant. Both cell types produced brain tumors that contained Sox2+ cells, indicative of tumor stem cells. Transplanted larvae were treated with currently used GBM therapeutics, temozolomide or bortezomib, and this resulted in a reduction in tumor volume in vivo and an increase in survival. The standardized model reported here facilitates robust and reproducible analysis of glioblastoma tumor cells in real time and provides a platform for drug screening. Summary: This zebrafish xenotransplant model of glioblastoma enables in vivo imaging of tumor cells and rapid screening for anti-glioma agents. It provides standardization of a model that is easily replicated across laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra M Welker
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Brian D Jaros
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Vinay K Puduvalli
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jaime Imitola
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christine E Beattie
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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116
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Langenau DM, Sweet-Cordero A, Wechsler-Reya R, Dyer MA. Preclinical Models Provide Scientific Justification and Translational Relevance for Moving Novel Therapeutics into Clinical Trials for Pediatric Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:5176-5186. [PMID: 26627009 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite improvements in survival rates for children with cancer since the 1960s, progress for many pediatric malignancies has slowed over the past two decades. With the recent advances in our understanding of the genomic landscape of pediatric cancer, there is now enthusiasm for individualized cancer therapy based on genomic profiling of patients' tumors. However, several obstacles to effective personalized cancer therapy remain. For example, relatively little data from prospective clinical trials demonstrate the selective efficacy of molecular-targeted therapeutics based on somatic mutations in the patient's tumor. In this commentary, we discuss recent advances in preclinical testing for pediatric cancer and provide recommendations for providing scientific justification and translational relevance for novel therapeutic combinations for childhood cancer. Establishing rigorous criteria for defining and validating druggable mutations will be essential for the success of ongoing and future clinical genomic trials for pediatric malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Langenau
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge MA 02139
| | - Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
- Pediatrics, Stanford University Medical School. 265 Campus Drive, LLSCR Building Rm G2078b. Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Robert Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Michael A Dyer
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
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117
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Lu JW, Ho YJ, Yang YJ, Liao HA, Ciou SC, Lin LI, Ou DL. Zebrafish as a disease model for studying human hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12042-12058. [PMID: 26576090 PMCID: PMC4641123 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i42.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the world’s most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary hepatic cancer, accounts for 90%-95% of liver cancer cases. The pathogenesis of HCC consists of a stepwise process of liver damage that extends over decades, due to hepatitis, fatty liver, fibrosis, and cirrhosis before developing fully into HCC. Multiple risk factors are highly correlated with HCC, including infection with the hepatitis B or C viruses, alcohol abuse, aflatoxin exposure, and metabolic diseases. Over the last decade, genetic alterations, which include the regulation of multiple oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes and the activation of tumorigenesis-related pathways, have also been identified as important factors in HCC. Recently, zebrafish have become an important living vertebrate model organism, especially for translational medical research. In studies focusing on the biology of cancer, carcinogen induced tumors in zebrafish were found to have many similarities to human tumors. Several zebrafish models have therefore been developed to provide insight into the pathogenesis of liver cancer and the related drug discovery and toxicology, and to enable the evaluation of novel small-molecule inhibitors. This review will focus on illustrative examples involving the application of zebrafish models to the study of human liver disease and HCC, through transgenesis, genome editing technology, xenografts, drug discovery, and drug-induced toxic liver injury.
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118
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Shi X, He BL, Ma ACH, Leung AYH. Fishing the targets of myeloid malignancies in the era of next generation sequencing. Blood Rev 2015; 30:119-30. [PMID: 26443083 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent advent in next generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics has generated an unprecedented amount of genetic information in myeloidmalignancies. This information may shed lights to the pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognostication of these diseases and provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention. However, the rapid emergence of genetic information will quickly outpace their functional validation by conventional laboratory platforms. Foundational knowledge about zebrafish hematopoiesis accumulated over the past two decades and novel genomeediting technologies and research strategies in thismodel organismhavemade it a unique and timely research tool for the study of human blood diseases. Recent studies modeling human myeloid malignancies in zebrafish have also highlighted the technical feasibility and clinical relevance of thesemodels. Careful validation of experimental protocols and standardization among laboratorieswill further enhance the application of zebrafish in the scientific communities and provide important insights to the personalized treatment ofmyeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguo Shi
- Division of Haematology, Medical Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty Medicine, The University of Hong Kong.
| | - Bai-Liang He
- Division of Haematology, Medical Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty Medicine, The University of Hong Kong.
| | - Alvin C H Ma
- Division of Haematology, Medical Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty Medicine, The University of Hong Kong.
| | - Anskar Y H Leung
- Division of Haematology, Medical Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty Medicine, The University of Hong Kong.
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119
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Sun Y, Sheng Z, Ma C, Tang K, Zhu R, Wu Z, Shen R, Feng J, Wu D, Huang D, Huang D, Fei J, Liu Q, Cao Z. Combining genomic and network characteristics for extended capability in predicting synergistic drugs for cancer. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8481. [PMID: 26412466 PMCID: PMC4598846 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of synergistic chemotherapeutic agents from a large pool of candidates is highly challenging. Here, we present a Ranking-system of Anti-Cancer Synergy (RACS) that combines features of targeting networks and transcriptomic profiles, and validate it on three types of cancer. Using data on human β-cell lymphoma from the Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessments and Methods consortium we show a probability concordance of 0.78 compared with 0.61 obtained with the previous best algorithm. We confirm 63.6% of our breast cancer predictions through experiment and literature, including four strong synergistic pairs. Further in vivo screening in a zebrafish MCF7 xenograft model confirms one prediction with strong synergy and low toxicity. Validation using A549 lung cancer cells shows similar results. Thus, RACS can significantly improve drug synergy prediction and markedly reduce the experimental prescreening of existing drugs for repurposing to cancer treatment, although the molecular mechanism underlying particular interactions remains unknown. Predicting combinations of chemotherapeutic drugs that act synergistically is challenging. Here the authors take a computational approach to predict synergistic pairs, validate novel pairs using several cancer cell lines, and assess toxicity in a zebrafish xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhen Sheng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chao Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kailin Tang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhuanbin Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruling Shen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun Feng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dingfeng Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Danyi Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dandan Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian Fei
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiwei Cao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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120
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Sittaramane V, Padgett J, Salter P, Williams A, Luke S, McCall R, Arambula JF, Graves VB, Blocker M, Van Leuven D, Bowe K, Heimberger J, Cade HC, Immaneni S, Shaikh A. Discovery of Quinoline-Derived Trifluoromethyl Alcohols, Determination of Their in vivo Toxicity and Anticancer Activity in a Zebrafish Embryo Model. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1802-7. [PMID: 26388134 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study the rational design, synthesis, and anticancer activity of quinoline-derived trifluoromethyl alcohols were evaluated. Members of this novel class of trifluoromethyl alcohols were identified as potent growth inhibitors in a zebrafish embryo model. Synthesis of these compounds was carried out with an sp(3) -C-H functionalization strategy of methyl quinolines with trifluoromethyl ketones. A zebrafish embryo model was also used to explore the toxicity of ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)butanoate (1), 2-benzyl-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-(quinolin-2-yl)propan-2-ol (2), and trifluoro-3-(isoquinolin-1-yl)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)propan-2-ol (3). Compounds 2 and 3 were found to be more toxic than compound 1; apoptotic staining assays indicated that compound 3 causes increased cell death. In vitro cell proliferation assays showed that compound 2, with an LC50 value of 14.14 μm, has more potent anticancer activity than cisplatin. This novel class of inhibitors provides a new direction in the discovery of effective anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth Sittaramane
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8042, USA.
| | - Jihan Padgett
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8042, USA
| | - Philip Salter
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8042, USA
| | - Ashley Williams
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8042, USA
| | - Shauntelle Luke
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8042, USA
| | - Rebecca McCall
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Jonathan F Arambula
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Vincent B Graves
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Mark Blocker
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - David Van Leuven
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Keturah Bowe
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Julia Heimberger
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Hannah C Cade
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Supriya Immaneni
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Abid Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA.
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121
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The promise of zebrafish as a chemical screening tool in cancer therapy. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:1395-405. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression in zebrafish recapitulates many aspects of human cancer and as a result, zebrafish have been gaining popularity for their potential use in basic and translational cancer research. Human cancer can be modeled in zebrafish by induction using chemical mutagens, xenotransplantation or by genetic manipulation. Chemical screens based on zebrafish cancer models offer a rapid, powerful and inexpensive means of evaluating the potential of suppression or prevention on cancer. The identification of small molecules through such screens will serve as ideal entry points for novel chemical therapies for cancer treatment. This article outlines advances that have been made within the growing field of zebrafish cancer models and presents their advantages for chemical drug screening.
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122
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Vittori M, Motaln H, Turnšek TL. The study of glioma by xenotransplantation in zebrafish early life stages. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:749-61. [PMID: 26109632 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415595670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and their transparent embryos are becoming an increasingly popular tool for studying processes involved in tumor progression and in the search for novel tumor treatment approaches. The xenotransplantation of fluorescently labeled mammalian cancer cells into zebrafish embryos is an approach enabling relatively high-throughput in vivo analyses. The small size of the embryos as well as the relative simplicity of their manipulation and maintenance allow for large numbers of embryos to be processed efficiently in a short time and at low cost. Furthermore, the possibility of fluorescence microscopic imaging of tumor progression within zebrafish embryos and larvae holds unprecedented potential for the real-time visualization of these processes in vivo. This review presents the methodologies of xenotransplantation studies on zebrafish involving research on tumor invasion, proliferation, tumor-induced angiogenesis and screening for antitumor therapeutics. We further focus on the application of these zebrafish to the study of glioma; in particular, its most common and malignant form, glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Vittori
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (MV, HM, TLT)
| | - Helena Motaln
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (MV, HM, TLT)
| | - Tamara Lah Turnšek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (MV, HM, TLT)
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123
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Zebrafish as a Model for the Study of Human Myeloid Malignancies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:641475. [PMID: 26064935 PMCID: PMC4433643 DOI: 10.1155/2015/641475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid malignancies are heterogeneous disorders characterized by uncontrolled proliferation or/and blockage of differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells. Although a substantial number of gene alterations have been identified, the mechanism by which these abnormalities interact has yet to be elucidated. Over the past decades, zebrafish have become an important model organism, especially in biomedical research. Several zebrafish models have been developed to recapitulate the characteristics of specific myeloid malignancies that provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of these diseases and allow the evaluation of novel small molecule drugs. This report will focus on illustrative examples of applications of zebrafish models, including transgenesis, zebrafish xenograft models, and cell transplantation approaches, to the study of human myeloid malignancies.
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124
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van der Ent W, Burrello C, de Lange MJ, van der Velden PA, Jochemsen AG, Jager MJ, Snaar-Jagalska BE. Embryonic Zebrafish: Different Phenotypes after Injection of Human Uveal Melanoma Cells. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2015; 1:170-81. [PMID: 27171126 DOI: 10.1159/000370159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although murine xenograft models for human uveal melanoma (UM) are available, they are of limited utility for screening large compound libraries for the discovery of new drugs. We need new preclinical models which can efficiently evaluate drugs that can treat UM metastases. The zebrafish embryonic model is ideal for drug screening purposes because it allows the investigation of potential antitumor properties of drugs within 1 week. The optical transparency of the zebrafish provides unique possibilities for live imaging of fluorescence-labelled cancer cells and their behavior. In addition, the adaptive immune response, which is responsible for the rejection of transplanted material, is not yet present in the early stages of fish development, and systemic immunosuppression is therefore not required to allow growth of tumor cells. We studied the behavior of UM cells following injection into zebrafish embryos and observed different phenotypes. We also analyzed cell migration, proliferation, formation of micrometastasis and interaction with the host microenvironment. Significant differences were noted between cell lines: cells derived from metastases showed more migration and proliferation than cells derived from the primary tumors. The addition of the c-Met inhibitor crizotinib to the water in which the larvae were kept reduced the migration and proliferation of UM cells expressing c-Met. This indicates the applicability of the zebrafish xenografts for testing novel inhibitory compounds and provides a fast and sensitive in vivo vertebrate model for preclinical drug screening to combat UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wietske van der Ent
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Burrello
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J de Lange
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aart G Jochemsen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B Ewa Snaar-Jagalska
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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125
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Ung CY, Guo F, Zhang X, Zhu Z, Zhu S. Mosaic zebrafish transgenesis for functional genomic analysis of candidate cooperative genes in tumor pathogenesis. J Vis Exp 2015:52567. [PMID: 25867597 PMCID: PMC4401404 DOI: 10.3791/52567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive genomic analysis has uncovered surprisingly large numbers of genetic alterations in various types of cancers. To robustly and efficiently identify oncogenic "drivers" among these tumors and define their complex relationships with concurrent genetic alterations during tumor pathogenesis remains a daunting task. Recently, zebrafish have emerged as an important animal model for studying human diseases, largely because of their ease of maintenance, high fecundity, obvious advantages for in vivo imaging, high conservation of oncogenes and their molecular pathways, susceptibility to tumorigenesis and, most importantly, the availability of transgenic techniques suitable for use in the fish. Transgenic zebrafish models of cancer have been widely used to dissect oncogenic pathways in diverse tumor types. However, developing a stable transgenic fish model is both tedious and time-consuming, and it is even more difficult and more time-consuming to dissect the cooperation of multiple genes in disease pathogenesis using this approach, which requires the generation of multiple transgenic lines with overexpression of the individual genes of interest followed by complicated breeding of these stable transgenic lines. Hence, use of a mosaic transient transgenic approach in zebrafish offers unique advantages for functional genomic analysis in vivo. Briefly, candidate transgenes can be coinjected into one-cell-stage wild-type or transgenic zebrafish embryos and allowed to integrate together into each somatic cell in a mosaic pattern that leads to mixed genotypes in the same primarily injected animal. This permits one to investigate in a faster and less expensive manner whether and how the candidate genes can collaborate with each other to drive tumorigenesis. By transient overexpression of activated ALK in the transgenic fish overexpressing MYCN, we demonstrate here the cooperation of these two oncogenes in the pathogenesis of a pediatric cancer, neuroblastoma that has resisted most forms of contemporary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong Yong Ung
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Center for Individualized Medicine
| | - Feng Guo
- Tufts University School of Medicine
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic
| | - Shizhen Zhu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Center for Individualized Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic;
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126
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Lostun D, Perez CJ, Licence P, Barrett DA, Ifa DR. Reactive DESI-MS imaging of biological tissues with dicationic ion-pairing compounds. Anal Chem 2015; 87:3286-93. [PMID: 25710577 DOI: 10.1021/ac5042445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This work illustrates reactive desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) with a stable dication on biological tissues. Rat brain and zebra fish tissues were investigated with reactive DESI-MS in which the dictation forms a stable bond with biological tissue fatty acids and lipids. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used to characterize the dication (DC9) and to identify linked lipid-dication compounds formed. The fragment m/z 85 common to both DC9 fragmentation and DC9-lipid fragmentation was used to confirm that DC9 is indeed bonded with the lipids. Lipid signals in the range of m/z 250-350 and phosphoethanolamines (PE) m/z 700-800 observed in negative ion mode were also detected in positive ion mode with reactive DESI-MS with enhanced signal intensity. Reactive DESI-MS imaging in positive ion mode of rat brain and zebra fish tissues allowed enhanced detection of compounds commonly observed in the negative ion mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Lostun
- †Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Consuelo J Perez
- †Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Peter Licence
- ‡School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - David A Barrett
- §Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Demian R Ifa
- †Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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127
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Theileria parasites secrete a prolyl isomerase to maintain host leukocyte transformation. Nature 2015; 520:378-82. [PMID: 25624101 PMCID: PMC4401560 DOI: 10.1038/nature14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious agents develop intricate mechanisms to interact with host cell pathways and hijack the genetic and epigenetic machinery to change phenotypic states. Amongst the Apicomplexa phylum of obligate intracellular parasites which cause veterinary and human diseases, Theileria is the only genus which transforms its mammalian host cells1. Theileria infection of bovine leukocytes induces proliferative and invasive phenotypes associated with activated signalling pathways, notably JNK and AP-12. The transformed phenotypes are reversed by treatment with the theilericidal drug Buparvaquone3. We used comparative genomics to identify a homologue of the Peptidyl Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 (designated TaPin1) in T. annulata which is secreted into the host cell and modulates oncogenic signalling pathways. Here we show that TaPin1 is a bona fide prolyl isomerase and that it interacts with the host ubiquitin ligase FBW7 leading to its degradation and subsequent stabilization of c-Jun which promotes transformation. We performed in vitro analysis and in vivo zebrafish xenograft experiments to demonstrate that TaPin1 is directly inhibited by the anti-parasite drug Buparvaquone (and other known Pin1 inhibitors) and is mutated in a drug-resistant strain. Prolyl isomerisation is thus a conserved mechanism which is important in cancer and is used by Theileria parasites to manipulate host oncogenic signaling.
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128
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Barriuso J, Nagaraju R, Hurlstone A. Zebrafish: a new companion for translational research in oncology. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:969-75. [PMID: 25573382 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In an era of high-throughput "omic" technologies, the unprecedented amount of data that can be generated presents a significant opportunity but simultaneously an even greater challenge for oncologists trying to provide personalized treatment. Classically, preclinical testing of new targets and identification of active compounds against those targets have entailed the extensive use of established human cell lines, as well as genetically modified mouse tumor models. Patient-derived xenografts in zebrafish may in the near future provide a platform for selecting an appropriate personalized therapy and together with zebrafish transgenic tumor models represent an alternative vehicle for drug development. The zebrafish is readily genetically modified. The transparency of zebrafish embryos and the recent development of pigment-deficient zebrafish afford researchers the valuable capacity to observe directly cancer formation and progression in a live vertebrate host. The zebrafish is amenable to transplantation assays that test the serial passage of fluorescently labeled tumor cells as well as their capacity to disseminate and/or metastasize. Progress achieved to date in genetic engineering and xenotransplantation will establish the zebrafish as one of the most versatile animal models for cancer research. A model organism that can be used in transgenesis, transplantation assays, single-cell functional assays, and in vivo imaging studies make zebrafish a natural companion for mice in translational oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Barriuso
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Raghavendar Nagaraju
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Hurlstone
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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129
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Park SH, Kim HJ, Yim SH, Kim AR, Tyagi N, Shen H, Kim KK, Shin BA, Jung DW, Williams DR. Delineation of the role of glycosylation in the cytotoxic properties of quercetin using novel assays in living vertebrates. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2389-2396. [PMID: 25397870 DOI: 10.1021/np500231g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid and its cytotoxic properties have been widely reported. However, in nature, quercetin predominantly occurs as various glycosides. Thus far the cytotoxic activity of these glycosides has not been investigated to the same extent as quercetin, especially in animal models. In this study, the cytotoxic properties of quercetin (1), hyperoside (quercetin 3-O-galactoside, 2), isoquercitrin (quercetin 3-O-glucoside, 3), quercitrin (quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, 4), and spiraeoside (quercetin 4'-O-glucoside, 5) were directly compared in vitro using assays of cancer cell viability. To further characterize the influence of glycosylation in vivo, a novel zebrafish-based assay was developed that allows the rapid and experimentally convenient visualization of glycoside cleavage in the digestive tract. This assay was correlated with a novel human tumor xenograft assay in the same animal model. The results showed that 3 is as effective as 1 at inhibiting cancer cell proliferation in vivo. Moreover, it was observed that 3 can be effectively deglycosylated in the digestive tract. Collectively, these results indicate that 3 is a very promising drug candidate for cancer therapy, because glycosylation confers advantageous pharmacological changes compared with the aglycone, 1. Importantly, the development of a novel and convenient fluorescence-based assay for monitoring deglycosylation in living vertebrates provides a valuable platform for determining the metabolic fate of naturally occurring glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hwan Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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130
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Jung DW, Kim WH, Seo S, Oh E, Yim SH, Ha HH, Chang YT, Williams DR. Chemical targeting of GAPDH moonlighting function in cancer cells reveals its role in tubulin regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:1533-45. [PMID: 25308277 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycolytic enzymes are attractive anticancer targets. They also carry out numerous, nonglycolytic "moonlighting" functions in cells. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of the triazine small molecule, GAPDS, that targets the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). GAPDS showed greater toxicity against cancer cells compared to a known GAPDH enzyme inhibitor. GAPDS also selectively inhibited cell migration and invasion. Our analysis showed that GAPDS treatment reduced GAPDH levels in the cytoplasm, which would modulate the secondary, moonlighting functions of this enzyme. We then used GAPDS as a probe to demonstrate that a moonlighting function of GAPDH is tubulin regulation, which may explain its anti-invasive properties. We also observed that GAPDS has potent anticancer activity in vivo. Our study indicates that strategies to target the secondary functions of anticancer candidates may yield potent therapeutics and useful chemical probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Woon Jung
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Hee Kim
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Seo
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsang Oh
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Ho Yim
- College of Public Health and Welfare, Dongshin University, 185 Geonjaero, Naju, Jeonnam 520-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 570-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry and MedChem Program of Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Darren Reece Williams
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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131
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Bentley VL, Veinotte CJ, Corkery DP, Pinder JB, LeBlanc MA, Bedard K, Weng AP, Berman JN, Dellaire G. Focused chemical genomics using zebrafish xenotransplantation as a pre-clinical therapeutic platform for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2014; 100:70-6. [PMID: 25281505 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.110742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapeutics is evolving to precision medicine, with the goal of matching targeted compounds with molecular aberrations underlying a patient's cancer. While murine models offer a pre-clinical tool, associated costs and time are not compatible with actionable patient-directed interventions. Using the paradigm of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a high-risk disease with defined molecular underpinnings, we developed a zebrafish human cancer xenotransplantation model to inform therapeutic decisions. Using a focused chemical genomic approach, we demonstrate that xenografted cell lines harboring mutations in the NOTCH1 and PI3K/AKT pathways respond concordantly to their targeted therapies, patient-derived T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia can be successfully engrafted in zebrafish and specific drug responses can be quantitatively determined. Using this approach, we identified a mutation sensitive to γ-secretase inhibition in a xenograft from a child with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, confirmed by Sanger sequencing and validated as a gain-of-function NOTCH1 mutation. The zebrafish xenotransplantation platform provides a novel cost-effective means of tailoring leukemia therapy in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dale P Corkery
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | | | | | | | - Andrew P Weng
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - Jason N Berman
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
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132
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Kuroyanagi J, Shimada Y, Zhang B, Ariyoshi M, Umemoto N, Nishimura Y, Tanaka T. Zinc finger MYND-type containing 8 promotes tumour angiogenesis via induction of vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:3409-16. [PMID: 25117453 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Zinc finger, MYND-type containing 8 (ZMYND8) encodes a receptor for activated C-kinase protein. Here, we report that ZMYND8 promotes angiogenesis in prostate cancer xenografts in zebrafish, as well as tube formation in human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures. Using transcriptome analyses, we found upregulation of ZMYND8 expression in both zebrafish prostate cancer xenografts and prostate cancer samples from patients. In vitro and in vivo ZMYND8 knockdown suppressed angiogenesis, whereas ZMYND8 overexpression enhanced angiogenesis. Notably, ZMYND8 induced vegfa mRNA expression selectively in prostate cancer xenografts. Integrated analysis of human and zebrafish transcriptomes, which identified ZMYND8, might be a powerful strategy to determine also other molecular targets for inhibiting prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kuroyanagi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Michiko Ariyoshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Noriko Umemoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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133
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Of fish and men: using zebrafish to fight human diseases. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 23:584-6. [PMID: 24275383 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Long restricted to the field of developmental biology, the use of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has extended to the study of human pathogenesis. Fostered by the rapid adaptation of new technologies, the design and analysis of fish models of human diseases have contributed important findings that are now making their way from aquariums to clinics. Here we outline the clinical relevance of the zebrafish as a model organism.
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134
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Abstract
Recent developments and improvements of multimodal imaging methods for use in animal research have substantially strengthened the options of in vivo visualization of cancer-related processes over time. Moreover, technological developments in probe synthesis and labelling have resulted in imaging probes with the potential for basic research, as well as for translational and clinical applications. In addition, more sophisticated cancer models are available to address cancer-related research questions. This Review gives an overview of developments in these three fields, with a focus on imaging approaches in animal cancer models and how these can help the translation of new therapies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion de Jong
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Room Na-610, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Departments of Genetics (Cancer Genomics Centre), Radiation Oncology and Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, P.O Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wytske M van Weerden
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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135
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Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, but it is unclear how cancer cells escape their primary sites in epithelia and disseminate to other sites in the body. One emerging possibility is that transformed epithelial cells could invade the underlying tissue by a process called cell extrusion, which epithelia use to remove cells without disrupting their barrier function. Typically, during normal cell turnover, live cells extrude apically from the epithelium into the lumen and later die by anoikis; however, several oncogenic mutations shift cell extrusion basally, towards the tissue that the epithelium encases. Tumour cells with high levels of survival and motility signals could use basal extrusion to escape from the tissue and migrate to other sites within the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M Slattum
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jody Rosenblatt
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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136
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Veinotte CJ, Dellaire G, Berman JN. Hooking the big one: the potential of zebrafish xenotransplantation to reform cancer drug screening in the genomic era. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:745-54. [PMID: 24973744 PMCID: PMC4073264 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.015784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current preclinical pipeline for drug discovery can be cumbersome and costly, which limits the number of compounds that can effectively be transitioned to use as therapies. Chemical screens in zebrafish have uncovered new uses for existing drugs and identified promising new compounds from large libraries. Xenotransplantation of human cancer cells into zebrafish embryos builds on this work and enables direct evaluation of patient-derived tumor specimens in vivo in a rapid and cost-effective manner. The short time frame needed for xenotransplantation studies means that the zebrafish can serve as an early preclinical drug screening tool and can also help personalize cancer therapy by providing real-time data on the response of the human cells to treatment. In this Review, we summarize the use of zebrafish embryos in drug screening and highlight the potential for xenotransplantation approaches to be adopted as a preclinical tool to identify and prioritize therapies for further clinical evaluation. We also discuss some of the limitations of using zebrafish xenografts and the benefits of using them in concert with murine xenografts in drug optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chansey J Veinotte
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, PO Box 9700, 5850/5980 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada. Life Sciences Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2
| | - Jason N Berman
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, PO Box 9700, 5850/5980 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada. Life Sciences Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada. Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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137
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Abstract
The process of de novo vessel formation, called angiogenesis, is essential for tumor progression and spreading. Targeting of molecular pathways involved in such tumor angiogenetic processes by using specific drugs or inhibitors is important for developing new anticancer therapies. Drug discovery remains to be the main focus for biomedical research and represents the essence of antiangiogenesis cancer research. To pursue these molecular and pharmacological goals, researchers need to use animal models that facilitate the elucidation of tumor angiogenesis mechanisms and the testing of antiangiogenic therapies. The past few years have seen the zebrafish system emerge as a valid model organism to study developmental angiogenesis and, more recently, as an alternative vertebrate model for cancer research. In this review, we will discuss why the zebrafish model system has the advantage of being a vertebrate model equipped with easy and powerful transgenesis as well as imaging tools to investigate not only physiological angiogenesis but also tumor angiogenesis. We will also highlight the potential of zebrafish for identifying antitumor angiogenesis drugs to block tumor development and progression. We foresee the zebrafish model as an important system that can possibly complement well-established mouse models in cancer research to generate novel insights into the molecular mechanism of the tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo M Santoro
- From the Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Vesalius Research Center, Katholieke University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
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138
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Chakravarthy S, Sadagopan S, Nair A, Sukumaran SK. Zebrafish as anIn VivoHigh-Throughput Model for Genotoxicity. Zebrafish 2014; 11:154-66. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2013.0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sathish Sadagopan
- Discovery Biology, Anthem Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Ayyappan Nair
- Discovery Biology, Anthem Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, India
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139
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Squiban B, Frazer JK. Danio rerio: Small Fish Making a Big Splash in Leukemia. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014; 2:61-73. [PMID: 26269780 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-014-0041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are widely used for developmental biology studies. In the past decade, D. rerio have become an important oncology model as well. Leukemia is one type of cancer where zebrafish are particularly valuable. As vertebrates, fish have great anatomic and biologic similarity to humans, including their hematopoietic and immune systems. As an experimental platform, D. rerio offer many advantages that mammalian models lack. These include their ease of genetic manipulation, capacity for imaging, and suitability for large-scale phenotypic and drug screens. In this review, we present examples of these strategies and others to illustrate how zebrafish have been and can be used to study leukemia. Besides appraising the techniques researchers apply and introducing the leukemia models they have created, we also highlight recent and exciting discoveries made using D. rerio with an eye to where the field is likely headed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Squiban
- Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Blvd., BSEB 229, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - J Kimble Frazer
- Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Blvd., BSEB 224, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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140
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Joseph D, Seo S, Williams DR, Geckeler KE. Double-stranded DNA-graphene hybrid: preparation and anti-proliferative activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:3347-3356. [PMID: 24556065 DOI: 10.1021/am405378x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate a simple method to prepare graphene dispersions in an aqueous solution of DNA by the sonication of bulk graphite. The use of a commercial double-stranded DNA as a stabilizer for graphite exfoliation without any chemical modification is presented. The high energy sound waves cleave a double-stranded DNA into two single-stranded DNAs. UV-vis spectral studies show that the nucleobases in the product are intact. Atomic force microscopy studies reveal that the size of the obtained nanosheets can be enriched into smaller lateral dimensions using centrifugation. Raman spectroscopy suggests that the defects found in the nanosheets induced by the sonication are edge defects, whereas the bodies of the sheets remain relatively defect free. The graphene dispersions are extremely stable over a wide range of pH values, possessing high negative zeta potential values. The anti-proliferative effect observed through in vitro cytotoxicity studies is supported by in vivo studies using the zebrafish human tumor xenograft model. The migration of cancer cells in zebrafish embryos are inhibited by the graphene nanosheet dispersion. The negatively charged nanosheet serves as a platform for the adsorption of gold nanoparticles with positively charged surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson Joseph
- Laboratory of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics (WCU), §School of Materials Science and Engineering, ⊥Department of Medical System Engineering, and ‡New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
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141
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Vitale G, Gaudenzi G, Dicitore A, Cotelli F, Ferone D, Persani L. Zebrafish as an innovative model for neuroendocrine tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:R67-83. [PMID: 24292602 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor models have a relevant role in furthering our understanding of the biology of malignant disease and in preclinical cancer research. Only few models are available for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), probably due to the rarity and heterogeneity of this group of neoplasms. This review provides insights into the current state-of-the-art of zebrafish as a model in cancer research, focusing on potential applications in NETs. Zebrafish has a complex circulatory system similar to that of mammals. A novel angiogenesis assay based on the injection of human NET cell lines (TT and DMS79 cells) into the subperidermal space of the zebrafish embryos has been developed. Proangiogenic factors locally released by the tumor graft affect the normal developmental pattern of the subintestinal vessels by stimulating the migration and growth of sprouting vessels toward the implant. In addition, a description of the striking homology between zebrafish and humans of molecular targets involved in tumor angiogenesis (somatostatin receptors, dopamine receptors, mammalian target of rapamycin), and currently used as targeted therapy of NETs, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino (MI) 20095, Italy Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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142
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Bosutinib inhibits migration and invasion via ACK1 in KRAS mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:13. [PMID: 24461128 PMCID: PMC3930897 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of effective targeted therapeutics has led to increasing emphasis on precise biomarkers for accurate patient stratification. Here, we describe the role of ACK1, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase in abrogating migration and invasion in KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Bosutinib, which inhibits ACK1 at 2.7 nM IC50, was found to inhibit cell migration and invasion but not viability in a panel of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Knockdown of ACK1 abrogated bosutinib-induced inhibition of cell migration and invasion specifically in KRAS mutant cells. This finding was further confirmed in an in vivo zebrafish metastatic model. Tissue microarray data on 210 Singaporean lung adenocarcinomas indicate that cytoplasmic ACK1 was significantly over-expressed relative to paired adjacent non-tumor tissue. Interestingly, ACK1 expression in “normal” tissue adjacent to tumour, but not tumour, was independently associated with poor overall and relapse-free survival. In conclusion, inhibition of ACK1 with bosutinib attenuates migration and invasion in the context of KRAS mutant NSCLC and may fulfil a therapeutic niche through combinatorial treatment approaches.
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143
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Zhang B, Shimada Y, Kuroyanagi J, Umemoto N, Nishimura Y, Tanaka T. Quantitative phenotyping-based in vivo chemical screening in a zebrafish model of leukemia stem cell xenotransplantation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85439. [PMID: 24454867 PMCID: PMC3893211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish-based chemical screening has recently emerged as a rapid and efficient method to identify important compounds that modulate specific biological processes and to test the therapeutic efficacy in disease models, including cancer. In leukemia, the ablation of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) is necessary to permanently eradicate the leukemia cell population. However, because of the very small number of LSCs in leukemia cell populations, their use in xenotransplantation studies (in vivo) and the difficulties in functionally and pathophysiologically replicating clinical conditions in cell culture experiments (in vitro), the progress of drug discovery for LSC inhibitors has been painfully slow. In this study, we developed a novel phenotype-based in vivo screening method using LSCs xenotransplanted into zebrafish. Aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive (ALDH+) cells were purified from chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells tagged with a fluorescent protein (Kusabira-orange) and then implanted in young zebrafish at 48 hours post-fertilization. Twenty-four hours after transplantation, the animals were treated with one of eight different therapeutic agents (imatinib, dasatinib, parthenolide, TDZD-8, arsenic trioxide, niclosamide, salinomycin, and thioridazine). Cancer cell proliferation, and cell migration were determined by high-content imaging. Of the eight compounds that were tested, all except imatinib and dasatinib selectively inhibited ALDH+ cell proliferation in zebrafish. In addition, these anti-LSC agents suppressed tumor cell migration in LSC-xenotransplants. Our approach offers a simple, rapid, and reliable in vivo screening system that facilitates the phenotype-driven discovery of drugs effective in suppressing LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroyanagi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Noriko Umemoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Dai YJ, Jia YF, Chen N, Bian WP, Li QK, Ma YB, Chen YL, Pei DS. Zebrafish as a model system to study toxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:11-7. [PMID: 24307630 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and assessing the effects of contaminants in the aquatic eco-environment is critical in protecting human health and the environment. The zebrafish has been widely used as a prominent model organism in different fields because of its small size, low cost, diverse adaptability, short breeding cycle, high fecundity, and transparent embryos. Recent studies have demonstrated that zebrafish sensitivity can aid in monitoring environmental contaminants, especially with the application of transgenic technology in this area. The present review provides a brief overview of recent studies on wild-type and transgenic zebrafish as a model system to monitor toxic heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, and organic pollutants for toxicology. The authors address the new direction of developing high-throughput detection of genetically modified transparent zebrafish to open a new window for monitoring environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
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145
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Teng Y, Xie X, Walker S, White DT, Mumm JS, Cowell JK. Evaluating human cancer cell metastasis in zebrafish. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:453. [PMID: 24089705 PMCID: PMC3852235 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo metastasis assays have traditionally been performed in mice, but the process is inefficient and costly. However, since zebrafish do not develop an adaptive immune system until 14 days post-fertilization, human cancer cells can survive and metastasize when transplanted into zebrafish larvae. Despite isolated reports, there has been no systematic evaluation of the robustness of this system to date. METHODS Individual cell lines were stained with CM-Dil and injected into the perivitelline space of 2-day old zebrafish larvae. After 2-4 days fish were imaged using confocal microscopy and the number of metastatic cells was determined using Fiji software. RESULTS To determine whether zebrafish can faithfully report metastatic potential in human cancer cells, we injected a series of cells with different metastatic potential into the perivitelline space of 2 day old embryos. Using cells from breast, prostate, colon and pancreas we demonstrated that the degree of cell metastasis in fish is proportional to their invasion potential in vitro. Highly metastatic cells such as MDA231, DU145, SW620 and ASPC-1 are seen in the vasculature and throughout the body of the fish after only 24-48 hours. Importantly, cells that are not invasive in vitro such as T47D, LNCaP and HT29 do not metastasize in fish. Inactivation of JAK1/2 in fibrosarcoma cells leads to loss of invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo, and in zebrafish these cells show limited spread throughout the zebrafish body compared with the highly metastatic parental cells. Further, knockdown of WASF3 in DU145 cells which leads to loss of invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo also results in suppression of metastasis in zebrafish. In a cancer progression model involving normal MCF10A breast epithelial cells, the degree of invasion/metastasis in vitro and in mice is mirrored in zebrafish. Using a modified version of Fiji software, it is possible to quantify individual metastatic cells in the transparent larvae to correlate with invasion potential. We also demonstrate, using lung cancers, that the zebrafish model can evaluate the metastatic ability of cancer cells isolated from primary tumors. CONCLUSIONS The zebrafish model described here offers a rapid, robust, and inexpensive means of evaluating the metastatic potential of human cancer cells. Using this model it is possible to critically evaluate whether genetic manipulation of signaling pathways affects metastasis and whether primary tumors contain metastatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Teng
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xiayang Xie
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Steven Walker
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - David T White
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jeff S Mumm
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - John K Cowell
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
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146
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Srivastava A. A protocol for genetic induction and visualization of benign and invasive tumors in cephalic complexes of Drosophila melanogaster. J Vis Exp 2013. [PMID: 24056923 DOI: 10.3791/50624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila has illuminated our understanding of the genetic basis of normal development and disease for the past several decades and today it continues to contribute immensely to our understanding of complex diseases (1-7). Progression of tumors from a benign to a metastatic state is a complex event (8) and has been modeled in Drosophila to help us better understand the genetic basis of this disease (9). Here I present a simple protocol to genetically induce, observe and then analyze the progression of tumors in Drosophila larvae. The tumor induction technique is based on the MARCM system (10) and exploits the cooperation between an activated oncogene, Ras(V12) and loss of cell polarity genes (scribbled, discs large and lethal giant larvae) to generate invasive tumors (9). I demonstrate how these tumors can be visualized in the intact larvae and then how these can be dissected out for further analysis. The simplified protocol presented here should make it possible for this technique to be utilized by investigators interested in understanding the role of a gene in tumor invasion.
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147
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Tobia C, Gariano G, De Sena G, Presta M. Zebrafish embryo as a tool to study tumor/endothelial cell cross-talk. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1371-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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148
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Progatzky F, Dallman MJ, Lo Celso C. From seeing to believing: labelling strategies for in vivo cell-tracking experiments. Interface Focus 2013; 3:20130001. [PMID: 23853708 PMCID: PMC3638420 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2013.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy has become increasingly popular over the past few decades because it provides high-resolution and real-time information about complex biological processes. Technological advances that allow deeper penetration in live tissues, such as the development of confocal and two-photon microscopy, together with the generation of ever-new fluorophores that facilitate bright labelling of cells and tissue components have made imaging of vertebrate model organisms efficient and highly informative. Genetic manipulation leading to expression of fluorescent proteins is undoubtedly the labelling method of choice and has been used to visualize several cell types in vivo. This approach, however, can be technically challenging and time consuming. Over the years, several dyes have been developed to allow rapid, effective and bright ex vivo labelling of cells for subsequent transplantation and imaging. Here, we review and discuss the advantages and limitations of a number of strategies commonly used to label and track cells at high resolution in vivo in mouse and zebrafish, using fluorescence microscopy. While the quest for the perfect label is far from achieved, current reagents are valuable tools enabling the progress of biological discovery, so long as they are selected and used appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fränze Progatzky
- Department of Life Sciences , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , UK
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149
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Jogula S, Dasari B, Khatravath M, Chandrasekar G, Kitambi SS, Arya P. Building a Macrocyclic Toolbox fromC-Linked Carbohydrates Identifies Antiangiogenesis Agents from Zebrafish Assay. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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150
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Kubisch J, Türei D, Földvári-Nagy L, Dunai ZA, Zsákai L, Varga M, Vellai T, Csermely P, Korcsmáros T. Complex regulation of autophagy in cancer - integrated approaches to discover the networks that hold a double-edged sword. Semin Cancer Biol 2013; 23:252-61. [PMID: 23810837 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a highly regulated self-degradation process of eukaryotic cells, is a context-dependent tumor-suppressing mechanism that can also promote tumor cell survival upon stress and treatment resistance. Because of this ambiguity, autophagy is considered as a double-edged sword in oncology, making anti-cancer therapeutic approaches highly challenging. In this review, we present how systems-level knowledge on autophagy regulation can help to develop new strategies and efficiently select novel anti-cancer drug targets. We focus on the protein interactors and transcriptional/post-transcriptional regulators of autophagy as the protein and regulatory networks significantly influence the activity of core autophagy proteins during tumor progression. We list several network resources to identify interactors and regulators of autophagy proteins. As in silico analysis of such networks often necessitates experimental validation, we briefly summarize tractable model organisms to examine the role of autophagy in cancer. We also discuss fluorescence techniques for high-throughput monitoring of autophagy in humans. Finally, the challenges of pharmacological modulation of autophagy are reviewed. We suggest network-based concepts to overcome these difficulties. We point out that a context-dependent modulation of autophagy would be favored in anti-cancer therapy, where autophagy is stimulated in normal cells, while inhibited only in stressed cancer cells. To achieve this goal, we introduce the concept of regulo-network drugs targeting specific transcription factors or miRNA families identified with network analysis. The effect of regulo-network drugs propagates indirectly through transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation of autophagy proteins, and, as a multi-directional intervention tool, they can both activate and inhibit specific proteins in the same time. The future identification and validation of such regulo-network drug targets may serve as novel intervention points, where autophagy can be effectively modulated in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Kubisch
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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