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Wu S, Bono J, Tao YX. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA): a target in neuropathic pain. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 23:15-20. [PMID: 30451044 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1550075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current treatments for neuropathic pain are limited in part due to the incomplete understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Recent evidence reveals the dysregulated expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the damaged nerve, dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and spinal cord dorsal horn following peripheral nerve injury. However, the role of the majority of lncRNAs in neuropathic pain genesis is still elusive. Unveiling the mechanisms of how lncRNAs participate in neuropathic pain may develop new strategies to prevent and/or treat this disorder. Areas covered: This review focuses on the dysregulation of lncRNAs in the DRG, dorsal horn, and the injured nerves from preclinical models of neuropathic pain. We provide evidence of how peripheral nerve injury causes the dysregulation of lncRNAs in these pain-related regions. The potential mechanisms of how dysregulated lncRNAs contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain are discussed. Expert opinion: The investigation on the role of the dysregulated lncRNAs in neuropathic pain might open up a novel avenue for therapeutic treatment of this disorder. However, current investigation is at the infancy stage, which challenges the translation of preclinical findings. More intensive studies on lncRNAs are required before the preclinical findings are translated into therapeutic management for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaogen Wu
- a Department of Anesthesiology , New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Jamie Bono
- a Department of Anesthesiology , New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- a Department of Anesthesiology , New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Newark , NJ , USA
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102
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Abstract
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a neuromodulation therapy used to treat medically refractory chronic pain. In SCS, an implanted pulse generator produces electrical signals that are conveyed through electrode arrays located in the region of the spinal cord. The goal of SCS is to modulate neural signaling through spinal and supraspinal mechanisms to reduce pain. Although available for decades, SCS still enjoys only limited clinical success, limited quality-of-life improvement, and limited long-term efficacy. To improve SCS outcomes, advances in lead design, stimulator features, and waveform paradigms have been recently introduced. While it is an exciting time for the neuromodulation field, empirical SCS advances have surpassed scientific understanding of SCS mechanisms of action. We still do not know why SCS works in some patients but not in others. We also lack information-rich biomarkers of pain and pain relief through which to optimize SCS programming. To optimize both system designs and clinical implementations of SCS, it is critical that we address these scientific and mechanistic knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott F. Lempka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Parag G. Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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103
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Zhang Y, Wang M, Lu Q, Li Q, Lin M, Huang J, Hong Y. Inhibitory Effects of Mas-Related Gene C Receptor on Chronic Morphine-Induced Spinal Glial Activation in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 368:237-245. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.252494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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104
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Zhang H, Kashihara T, Nakada T, Tanaka S, Ishida K, Fuseya S, Kawagishi H, Kiyosawa K, Kawamata M, Yamada M. Prostanoid EP4 Receptor-Mediated Augmentation of I h Currents in A β Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Underlies Neuropathic Pain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 368:50-58. [PMID: 30409832 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.252767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An injury of the somatosensory system causes neuropathic pain, which is usually refractory to conventional analgesics, thus warranting the development of novel drugs against this kind of pain. The mechanism of neuropathic pain in rats that had undergone left L5 spinal nerve transection was analyzed. Ten days after surgery, these rats acquired neuropathic pain. The patch-clamp technique was used on the isolated bilateral L5 dorsal root ganglion neurons. The current-clamped neurons on the ipsilateral side exhibited significantly higher excitability than those on the contralateral side. However, only neurons with diameters of 40-50 μm on the ipsilateral side exhibited significantly larger voltage sags in response to hyperpolarizing current pulses than those on the contralateral side. Under the voltage clamp, only these neurons on the ipsilateral side showed a significantly larger density of an inward current at < -80 mV [hyperpolarization-activated nonselective cation (I h) current] with a rightward-shifted activation curve than that on the contralateral side. Ivabradine-an I h current inhibitor-inhibited I h currents in these neurons on both sides in a similar concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of ∼3 μM. Moreover, the oral administration of ivabradine significantly alleviated the neuropathic pain on the ipsilateral side. An inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase or an antagonist of prostanoid EP4 receptors (CJ-023423) inhibited ipsilateral, but not contralateral I h, currents in these neurons. Furthermore, the intrathecal administration of CJ-023423 significantly attenuated neuropathic pain on the ipsilateral side. Thus, ivabradine and/or CJ-023423 may be a lead compound for the development of novel therapeutics against neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (H.Z., T.K., T.N., H.K., K.K., M.Y.) and Anesthesiology and Resuscitology (H.Z., S.T., K.I., S.F., K.K., M.K.), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kashihara
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (H.Z., T.K., T.N., H.K., K.K., M.Y.) and Anesthesiology and Resuscitology (H.Z., S.T., K.I., S.F., K.K., M.K.), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakada
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (H.Z., T.K., T.N., H.K., K.K., M.Y.) and Anesthesiology and Resuscitology (H.Z., S.T., K.I., S.F., K.K., M.K.), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (H.Z., T.K., T.N., H.K., K.K., M.Y.) and Anesthesiology and Resuscitology (H.Z., S.T., K.I., S.F., K.K., M.K.), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ishida
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (H.Z., T.K., T.N., H.K., K.K., M.Y.) and Anesthesiology and Resuscitology (H.Z., S.T., K.I., S.F., K.K., M.K.), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fuseya
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (H.Z., T.K., T.N., H.K., K.K., M.Y.) and Anesthesiology and Resuscitology (H.Z., S.T., K.I., S.F., K.K., M.K.), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawagishi
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (H.Z., T.K., T.N., H.K., K.K., M.Y.) and Anesthesiology and Resuscitology (H.Z., S.T., K.I., S.F., K.K., M.K.), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kenkichi Kiyosawa
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (H.Z., T.K., T.N., H.K., K.K., M.Y.) and Anesthesiology and Resuscitology (H.Z., S.T., K.I., S.F., K.K., M.K.), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mikito Kawamata
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (H.Z., T.K., T.N., H.K., K.K., M.Y.) and Anesthesiology and Resuscitology (H.Z., S.T., K.I., S.F., K.K., M.K.), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Yamada
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (H.Z., T.K., T.N., H.K., K.K., M.Y.) and Anesthesiology and Resuscitology (H.Z., S.T., K.I., S.F., K.K., M.K.), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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105
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Mo K, Xu H, Gong H, Lei H, Wang Y, Guo W, Xu S, Tu W. Dorsal Root Ganglia Coactivator-associated Arginine Methyltransferase 1 Contributes to Peripheral Nerve Injury-induced Pain Hypersensitivities. Neuroscience 2018; 394:232-242. [PMID: 30391528 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is associated with gene expression changes within the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after peripheral nerve injury, which involves epigenetic mechanisms. Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1), an epigenetic activator, regulates gene transcriptional activity by protein posttranslational modifications. However, whether CARM1 plays an essential role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain is unknown. We report here that peripheral nerve injury induced the upregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of CARM1 in the injured DRG, and blocking its expression through small interfering RNA (siRNA) in the injured DRG attenuated the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of CARM1 mitigated peripheral nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Given that CARM1 inhibition or knockdown attenuated the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury, our findings suggest that CARM1 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for neuropathic pain treatment in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou School of Clinic Medicine, Southern Medical University), Guangzhou 510010, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Huali Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Hualei Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Hongyi Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Shiyuan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Weifeng Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou School of Clinic Medicine, Southern Medical University), Guangzhou 510010, China.
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106
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Chakravarthy KV, Xing F, Bruno K, Kent AR, Raza A, Hurlemann R, Kinfe TM. A Review of Spinal and Peripheral Neuromodulation and Neuroinflammation: Lessons Learned Thus Far and Future Prospects of Biotype Development. Neuromodulation 2018; 22:235-243. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan V. Chakravarthy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of California San Diego Health Sciences San Diego CA USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego CA USA
| | - Fang Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA
| | - Kelly Bruno
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of California San Diego Health Sciences San Diego CA USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego CA USA
| | | | - Adil Raza
- Neuromodulation Division, Abbott Plano TX USA
| | - Rene Hurlemann
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Medical Psychology (NEMO Neuromodulation of Emotions)Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms‐University Hospital Bonn Germany
| | - Thomas M. Kinfe
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Medical Psychology (NEMO Neuromodulation of Emotions)Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms‐University Hospital Bonn Germany
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107
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Deer TR, Pope JE, Lamer TJ, Grider JS, Provenzano D, Lubenow TR, FitzGerald JJ, Hunter C, Falowski S, Sayed D, Baranidharan G, Patel NK, Davis T, Green A, Pajuelo A, Epstein LJ, Harned M, Liem L, Christo PJ, Chakravarthy K, Gilmore C, Huygen F, Lee E, Metha P, Nijhuis H, Patterson DG, Petersen E, Pilitsis JG, Rowe JJ, Rupert MP, Skaribas I, Sweet J, Verrills P, Wilson D, Levy RM, Mekhail N. The Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee on Best Practices for Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation. Neuromodulation 2018; 22:1-35. [PMID: 30246899 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) is dedicated to improving the safety and efficacy of neuromodulation and thus improving the lives of patients undergoing neuromodulation therapies. With continued innovations in neuromodulation comes the need for evolving reviews of best practices. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation has significantly improved the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), among other conditions. Through funding and organizational leadership by the International Neuromodulation Society (INS), the NACC reconvened to develop the best practices consensus document for the selection, implantation and use of DRG stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain syndromes. METHODS The NACC performed a comprehensive literature search of articles about DRG published from 1995 through June, 2017. A total of 2538 article abstracts were then reviewed, and selected articles graded for strength of evidence based on scoring criteria established by the US Preventive Services Task Force. Graded evidence was considered along with clinical experience to create the best practices consensus and recommendations. RESULTS The NACC achieved consensus based on peer-reviewed literature and experience to create consensus points to improve patient selection, guide surgical methods, improve post-operative care, and make recommendations for management of patients treated with DRG stimulation. CONCLUSION The NACC recommendations are intended to improve patient care in the use of this evolving therapy for chronic pain. Clinicians who choose to follow these recommendations may improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tim J Lamer
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jay S Grider
- UKHealthCare Pain Services, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | - James J FitzGerald
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Corey Hunter
- Ainsworth Institute of Pain Management, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven Falowski
- Functional Neurosurgery, St. Lukes University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Dawood Sayed
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Nikunj K Patel
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Alex Green
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Michael Harned
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Liong Liem
- St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Frank Huygen
- Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Lee
- Summit Pain Alliance, Santa Rosa, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Erika Petersen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Julie G Pilitsis
- Neurosurgery and Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Sweet
- Case Western Reserve University, Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Derron Wilson
- Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Neurological Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Nagy Mekhail
- Evidence-Based Pain Management Research and Education, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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108
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Schwaid AG, Krasowka-Zoladek A, Chi A, Cornella-Taracido I. Comparison of the Rat and Human Dorsal Root Ganglion Proteome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13469. [PMID: 30194433 PMCID: PMC6128859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are a key tissue in the nervous system that have a role in neurological disease, particularly pain. Despite the importance of this tissue, the proteome of DRG is poorly understood, and it is unknown whether the proteome varies between organisms or different DRG along the spine. Therefore, we profiled the proteome of human and rat DRG. We identified 5,245 proteins in human DRG and 4959 proteins in rat DRG. Across species the proteome is largely conserved with some notable differences. While the most abundant proteins in both rat and human DRG played a role in extracellular functions and myelin sheeth, proteins detected only in humans mapped to roles in immune function whereas those detected only in rat mapped to roles in localization and transport. The DRG proteome between human T11 and L2 vertebrae was nearly identical indicating DRG from different vertebrae are representative of one another. Finally, we asked if this data could be used to enhance translatability by identifying mechanisms that modulate cellular phenotypes representative of pain in different species. Based on our data we tested and discovered that MAP4K4 inhibitor treatment increased neurite outgrowth in rat DRG as in human SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - An Chi
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ivan Cornella-Taracido
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Cedilla Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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109
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Li Q, Qian C, Zhou FQ. Investigating Mammalian Axon Regeneration: In Vivo Electroporation of Adult Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion. J Vis Exp 2018:58171. [PMID: 30222165 PMCID: PMC6235079 DOI: 10.3791/58171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is an essential non-viral gene transfection approach to introduce DNA plasmids or small RNA molecules into cells. A sensory neuron in the dorsal root ganglion (DRGs) extends a single axon with two branches. One branch goes to the peripheral nerve (peripheral branch), and the other branch enters the spinal cord through the dorsal root (central branch). After the neural injury, the peripheral branch regenerates robustly whereas the central branch does not regenerate. Due to the high regenerative capacity, sensory axon regeneration has been widely used as a model system to study mammalian axon regeneration in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we describe a previously established approach protocol to manipulate gene expression in mature sensory neurons in vivo via electroporation. Based on transfection with plasmids or small RNA oligos (siRNAs or microRNAs), the approach allows for both loss- and gain-of-function experiments to study the roles of genes-of-interests or microRNAs in regulation of axon regeneration in vivo. In addition, the manipulation of gene expression in vivo can be controlled both spatially and temporally within a relatively short time course. This model system provides a unique tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which mammalian axon regeneration is regulated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Feng-Quan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine;
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Barry AM, Sondermann JR, Sondermann JH, Gomez-Varela D, Schmidt M. Region-Resolved Quantitative Proteome Profiling Reveals Molecular Dynamics Associated With Chronic Pain in the PNS and Spinal Cord. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:259. [PMID: 30154697 PMCID: PMC6103001 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain a thorough understanding of chronic pain, large-scale molecular mapping of the pain axis at the protein level is necessary, but has not yet been achieved. We applied quantitative proteome profiling to build a comprehensive protein compendium of three regions of the pain neuraxis in mice: the sciatic nerve (SN), the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and the spinal cord (SC). Furthermore, extensive bioinformatics analysis enabled us to reveal unique protein subsets which are specifically enriched in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and SC. The immense value of these datasets for the scientific community is highlighted by validation experiments, where we monitored protein network dynamics during neuropathic pain. Here, we resolved profound region-specific differences and distinct changes of PNS-enriched proteins under pathological conditions. Overall, we provide a unique and validated systems biology proteome resource (summarized in our online database painproteome.em.mpg.de), which facilitates mechanistic insights into somatosensory biology and chronic pain—a prerequisite for the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Barry
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Julia R Sondermann
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Sondermann
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Goettingen, Germany
| | - David Gomez-Varela
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Schmidt
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Goettingen, Germany
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111
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Sanchez-Brualla I, Calls-Cobos A, Udina E. Minocycline Does Not Reduce the Regenerative Capacity of Peripheral Motor and Sensory Neurons after a Conditioning Injury in Mice. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1638-1645. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sanchez-Brualla
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Bellaterra Spain
| | - Aina Calls-Cobos
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Bellaterra Spain
| | - Esther Udina
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Bellaterra Spain
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112
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Stanton-Hicks M, Prager JP. Neurostimulation for the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Neuromodulation 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-805353-9.00048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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113
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Fundamentals and Mechanisms of Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation. Neuromodulation 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-805353-9.00016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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114
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Errico J. The Role of Vagus Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Central and Peripheral Pain Disorders and Related Comorbid Somatoform Conditions. Neuromodulation 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-805353-9.00132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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115
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116
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Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation for Pain Control. Neuromodulation 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-805353-9.00053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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117
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徐 华, 徐 世, 磨 凯. [Transcription of protein arginine N-methyltransferase genes in mouse dorsal root ganglia following peripheral nerve injury]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1620-1625. [PMID: 29292255 PMCID: PMC6744029 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.12.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in the transcription of protein arginine methylation enzyme family genes in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) following peripheral nerve injury in mice. METHODS C57BL6 mouse models of neuropathic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury were established by bilateral L4 spinal nerve ligation (SNL). At 7 days after SNL or sham operation, the DRG tissue was collected for transcriptional analysis of 9 protein arginine methylation enzyme genes (Prmt1?3, Carm1, and Prmt5?9) using RNA?Seq to identify the differentially expressed genes in the injured DRGs. We also established mouse models of lateral L4 SNL and models of chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve and tested the paw withdrawal frequency (PWF) in response to mechanical stimulation and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) in response to thermal stimulation on 0, 3, 7 and 14 days after SNL or CCI; the expressions of the differentially expressed genes in the injured DRGs were verified in the two models using RT?qPCR. RESULTS Among the 9 protein arginine methylation enzyme family genes that were tissue?specifically expressed in the DRG, Prmt2 and Prmt3 showed the highest and Prmt6 showed the lowest basal expression. Compared with the sham?operated mice group, the mice receiving SNL exhibited upregulated Carm1 gene transcription (by 1.7 folds) but downregulated Prmt5, Prmt8 and Prmt9 transcription in the injured DRG (Prmt8 gene showed the most significant down?regulation by 16.3 folds). In mouse models of SNL and CCI, Carm1 gene expression increased progressively with time while Prmt8 transcription was obviously lowered on days 3, 7 and 14 after the injury; the transcription levels of Prmt1, Prmt5 and Prmt9 presented with no significant changes following the injuries. Both SNL and CCI induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hypersensitivities in the mice shown by increased PWF and decreased PWL on days 3, 7 and 14 after the injuries. CONCLUSION Periphery nerve injury induces Carm1 upregulation and Prmt8 downregulation in the injured DRG in mice, which sheds light on new targets for treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- 华丽 徐
- />南方医科大学珠江医院麻醉科,广东 广州 510282Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - 世元 徐
- />南方医科大学珠江医院麻醉科,广东 广州 510282Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - 凯 磨
- />南方医科大学珠江医院麻醉科,广东 广州 510282Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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118
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van Velsen V, van Helmond N, Chapman KB. Creating a Strain Relief Loop during S1 Transforaminal Lead Placement for Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation for Foot Pain: A Technical Note. Pain Pract 2017; 18:539-543. [DOI: 10.1111/papr.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noud van Helmond
- Spine & Pain Institute of New York; New York City New York U.S.A
| | - Kenneth B. Chapman
- Spine & Pain Institute of New York; New York City New York U.S.A
- Department of Anesthesiology; New York University Langone Medical Center; New York City New York U.S.A
- Department of Pain Medicine; Northwell Health System; New York City New York U.S.A
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119
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Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain is a widespread problem with negative personal and societal consequences. Despite considerable clinical neuroscience research, the goal of developing effective, reliable, and durable treatments has remained elusive. The critical role played by the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in the induction and maintenance of chronic pain has been largely overlooked in these efforts, however. It may be that, by targeting this site, robust new options for pain management will be revealed. This review summarizes recent advances in the knowledge base for DRG-targeted treatments for neuropathic pain:• Pharmacological options including the chemical targeting of voltage-dependent calcium channels, transient receptor potential channels, neurotrophin production, potentiation of opioid transduction pathways, and excitatory glutamate receptors.• Ablation or modulation of the DRG via continuous thermal radiofrequency and pulsed radiofrequency treatments.• Implanted electrical neurostimulator technologies.• Interventions involving the modification of DRG cellular function at the genetic level by using viral vectors and gene silencing methods.
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120
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Colloca L, Ludman T, Bouhassira D, Baron R, Dickenson AH, Yarnitsky D, Freeman R, Truini A, Attal N, Finnerup NB, Eccleston C, Kalso E, Bennett DL, Dworkin RH, Raja SN. Neuropathic pain. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017; 3:17002. [PMID: 28205574 PMCID: PMC5371025 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1239] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system, including peripheral fibres (Aβ, Aδ and C fibres) and central neurons, and affects 7-10% of the general population. Multiple causes of neuropathic pain have been described and its incidence is likely to increase owing to the ageing global population, increased incidence of diabetes mellitus and improved survival from cancer after chemotherapy. Indeed, imbalances between excitatory and inhibitory somatosensory signalling, alterations in ion channels and variability in the way that pain messages are modulated in the central nervous system all have been implicated in neuropathic pain. The burden of chronic neuropathic pain seems to be related to the complexity of neuropathic symptoms, poor outcomes and difficult treatment decisions. Importantly, quality of life is impaired in patients with neuropathic pain owing to increased drug prescriptions and visits to health care providers, as well as the morbidity from the pain itself and the inciting disease. Despite challenges, progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain is spurring the development of new diagnostic procedures and personalized interventions, which emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the management of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Colloca
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, School of Nursing and Department of Anesthesiology School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 655 West Lombard Street, 21201 Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Taylor Ludman
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, School of Nursing and Department of Anesthesiology School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 655 West Lombard Street, 21201 Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Didier Bouhassira
- INSERM, Unit 987, Ambroise Paré Hospital, UVSQ, Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Ralf Baron
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, Klinik fur Neurologie Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anthony H Dickenson
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Yarnitsky
- Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roy Freeman
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea Truini
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadine Attal
- Pain Evaluation and Treatment Centre of Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Paris, France
| | - Nanna B Finnerup
- Department of Clinical Medicine - The Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christopher Eccleston
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eija Kalso
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David L Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert H Dworkin
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Srinivasa N Raja
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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121
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Benitez S, Seltzer A, Acosta C. Nociceptor-like rat dorsal root ganglion neurons express the angiotensin-II AT2 receptor throughout development. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 56:10-17. [PMID: 27825832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AT2 receptor (AT2R) plays a functional role in foetal development. Its expression declines in most tissues soon after birth but stays high in sensory areas of the adult nervous system. In the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) the expression pattern of AT2R during development and the identity of the subpopulation expressing it remain unknown. Using a combination of semi-quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry we examined the expression of AT2R at mRNA and protein levels in rat DRGs from embryonic day 15 (E15) until postnatal day 30 (PN30). We found that both AT2R mRNA and protein levels exhibited only minor (statistically non-significant) fluctuations from E15 to PN30. Detailed quantitative analysis of ABC/DAB AT2R staining showed a) that the receptor was present in most neurons at E15 and E18 and b) that postnatally it was predominantly expressed by small DRG neurons. Given that small neurons are putative C-nociceptors and the proposed role of AT2R in neuropathic pain, we next examined whether these AT2R-positive neurons co-localized with Ret and trkA embryonically and with IB4-binding postnatally. Most AT2R-positive neurons expressed trkA embryonically and bound IB4 postnatally. We found strong positive statistically highly significant correlations between AT2R cytoplasmic%intensities and trkA at E15/E18 and with Ret only at E18. Cytoplasmic AT2R also strongly and positively correlated with IB4-binding at PN3, 15 and 30. Our demonstration that a subpopulation of C-nociceptor-like neurons expresses AT2R during development supports a role for this receptor in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Benitez
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Alicia Seltzer
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Cristian Acosta
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
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122
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Xia Z, Xiao Y, Wu Y, Zhao B. Sodium channel Nav1.7 expression is upregulated in the dorsal root ganglia in a rat model of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1738. [PMID: 27777872 PMCID: PMC5053969 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy is not completely known. Since the sodium channel Nav1.7 has been implicated in pain perception, and is upregulated in pain disorders, we investigated the effect of paclitaxel on Nav1.7 expression in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were administered either 2 mg/kg paclitaxel or vehicle on days 0, 2, 4 and 6. To evaluate nociceptive responses, paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured by von Frey anesthesiometer on days 7, 14 and 21 after first paclitaxel administration. Expression of Nav1.7 in DRG was measured by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. PWT was also measured in rats that received dorsal root ganglionic injection of either Nav1.7 antibody, neutralized Nav1.7 antibody or no injection (sham surgery) (n = 5/group). Average PWT was lower in animals administered paclitaxel than those administered vehicle at days 7 (P < 0.05), 14 (P < 0.01), and 21 (P < 0.01). DRG Nav1.7 mRNA and protein levels were higher in animals administered paclitaxel than those administered vehicle on days 7, 14 and 21 (all P < 0.05). PWT decrease was significantly correlated with increased Nav1.7 protein levels on days 7 (r = −0.88, P = 0.04), 14 (r = −0.46, P = 0.03) and 21 (r = −0.27, P = 0.01) after first paclitaxel administration. In animals that received sham surgery, neutralized Nav1.7 antibody or Nav1.7 antibody, PWTs were significantly reduced 7 days after first paclitaxel administration (all P < 0.05), but PWTs of animals that received Nav1.7 antibody were higher than those that received neutralized Nav1.7 antibody (P < 0.05). These results indicate that increased DRG Nav1.7 expression may be partially responsible for paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No.39, Chaoyang Road, Maojian District, Shiyan City, 442000 Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei Province People's Republic of China
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123
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Deer TR, Pope JE. Dorsal root ganglion stimulation approval by the Food and Drug Administration: advice on evolving the process. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:1123-5. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1206817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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124
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Zheng X, Chen F, Zheng T, Huang F, Chen J, Tu W. Amitriptyline Activates TrkA to Aid Neuronal Growth and Attenuate Anesthesia-Induced Neurodegeneration in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3559. [PMID: 27149473 PMCID: PMC4863790 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline (AM) has been shown to exert neurotrophic activity on neurons. We thus explored whether AM may aid the neuronal development and protect anesthesia-induced neuro-injury in young spinal cord dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.The DRG explants were prepared from 1-day-old rats. The effect of AM on aiding DRG neural development was examined by immunohistochemistry at dose-dependent manner. AM-induced changes in gene and protein expressions, and also phosphorylation states of tyrosine kinases receptor A (TrkA) and B (TrkB) in DRG, were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. The effect of AM on attenuating lidocaine-induced DRG neurodegeneration was examined by immunohistochemistry, and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated TrkA/B down-regulation.Amitriptyline stimulated DRG neuronal development in dose-dependent manner, but exerted toxic effect at concentrations higher than 10 M. AM activated TrkA in DRG through phosphorylation, whereas it had little effect on TrkB-signaling pathway. AM reduced lidocaine-induced DRG neurodegeneration by regenerating neurites and growth cones. Moreover, the neuroprotection of AM on lidocaine-injured neurodegeneration was blocked by siRNA-mediated TrkA down-regulation, but not by TrkB down-regulation.Amitriptyline facilitated neuronal development and had protective effect on lidocaine-induced neurodegeneration, very likely through the activation of TrkA-signaling pathway in DRG.
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MESH Headings
- Amitriptyline/pharmacology
- Anesthetics, Local/adverse effects
- Animals
- Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/growth & development
- Lidocaine/adverse effects
- Nerve Degeneration/chemically induced
- Rats
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, trkA/drug effects
- Receptor, trkA/physiology
- Receptor, trkB/drug effects
- Receptor, trkB/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Zheng
- From the Department of Anesthesiology (XZ, FC, TZ, FH, JC, WT), Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital; and Fujian Provincial Emergency Center (FC), Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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125
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Rouwette T, Sondermann J, Avenali L, Gomez-Varela D, Schmidt M. Standardized Profiling of The Membrane-Enriched Proteome of Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) Provides Novel Insights Into Chronic Pain. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2152-68. [PMID: 27103637 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.058966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a complex disease with limited treatment options. Several profiling efforts have been employed with the aim to dissect its molecular underpinnings. However, generated results are often inconsistent and nonoverlapping, which is largely because of inherent technical constraints. Emerging data-independent acquisition (DIA)-mass spectrometry (MS) has the potential to provide unbiased, reproducible and quantitative proteome maps - a prerequisite for standardization among experiments. Here, we designed a DIA-based proteomics workflow to profile changes in the abundance of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) proteins in two mouse models of chronic pain, inflammatory and neuropathic. We generated a DRG-specific spectral library containing 3067 DRG proteins, which enables their standardized quantification by means of DIA-MS in any laboratory. Using this resource, we profiled 2526 DRG proteins in each biological replicate of both chronic pain models and respective controls with unprecedented reproducibility. We detected numerous differentially regulated proteins, the majority of which exhibited pain model-specificity. Our approach recapitulates known biology and discovers dozens of proteins that have not been characterized in the somatosensory system before. Functional validation experiments and analysis of mouse pain behaviors demonstrate that indeed meaningful protein alterations were discovered. These results illustrate how the application of DIA-MS can open new avenues to achieve the long-awaited standardization in the molecular dissection of pathologies of the somatosensory system. Therefore, our findings provide a valuable framework to qualitatively extend our understanding of chronic pain and somatosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rouwette
- From the ‡Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Julia Sondermann
- From the ‡Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Luca Avenali
- From the ‡Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - David Gomez-Varela
- From the ‡Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Schmidt
- From the ‡Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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126
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Pozek JPJ, Beausang D, Baratta JL, Viscusi ER. The Acute to Chronic Pain Transition: Can Chronic Pain Be Prevented? Med Clin North Am 2016; 100:17-30. [PMID: 26614716 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is a distressing disease process that can lead to long-term disability, reduced quality of life, and increased health care spending. Although the exact mechanism of development of CPSP is unknown, nerve injury and inflammation may lead to peripheral and central sensitization. Given the complexity of the disease process, no novel treatment has been identified. The preoperative use of multimodal analgesia has been shown to decrease acute postoperative pain, but it has no proven efficacy in preventing development of CPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Paul J Pozek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Gibbon Building, Suite 8280, 111 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - David Beausang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Gibbon Building, Suite 8490, 111 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jaime L Baratta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Gibbon Building, Suite 8280, 111 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Eugene R Viscusi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Gibbon Building, Suite 8490, 111 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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127
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Abstract
There is a brief introductory summary of purinergic signaling involving ATP storage, release, and ectoenzymatic breakdown, and the current classification of receptor subtypes for purines and pyrimidines. The review then describes purinergic mechanosensory transduction involved in visceral, cutaneous, and musculoskeletal nociception and on the roles played by receptor subtypes in neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Multiple purinoceptor subtypes are involved in pain pathways both as an initiator and modulator. Activation of homomeric P2X3 receptors contributes to acute nociception and activation of heteromeric P2X2/3 receptors appears to modulate longer-lasting nociceptive sensitivity associated with nerve injury or chronic inflammation. In neuropathic pain activation of P2X4, P2X7, and P2Y12 receptors on microglia may serve to maintain nociceptive sensitivity through complex neural-glial cell interactions and antagonists to these receptors reduce neuropathic pain. Potential therapeutic approaches involving purinergic mechanisms will be discussed.
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128
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PI3K mediated activation of GSK-3β reduces at-level primary afferent growth responses associated with excitotoxic spinal cord injury dysesthesias. Mol Pain 2015; 11:35. [PMID: 26093674 PMCID: PMC4475622 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain and sensory abnormalities are a debilitating secondary consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI). Maladaptive structural plasticity is gaining recognition for its role in contributing to the development of post SCI pain syndromes. We previously demonstrated that excitotoxic induced SCI dysesthesias are associated with enhanced dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuronal outgrowth. Although glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is a known intracellular regulator neuronal growth, the potential contribution to primary afferent growth responses following SCI are undefined. We hypothesized that SCI triggers inhibition of GSK-3β signaling resulting in enhanced DRG growth responses, and that PI3K mediated activation of GSK-3β can prevent this growth and the development of at-level pain syndromes. Results Excitotoxic SCI using intraspinal quisqualic acid (QUIS) resulted in inhibition of GSK-3β in the superficial spinal cord dorsal horn and adjacent DRG. Double immunofluorescent staining showed that GSK-3βP was expressed in DRG neurons, especially small nociceptive, CGRP and IB4-positive neurons. Intrathecal administration of a potent PI3-kinase inhibitor (LY294002), a known GSK-3β activator, significantly decreased GSK-3βP expression levels in the dorsal horn. QUIS injection resulted in early (3 days) and sustained (14 days) DRG neurite outgrowth of small and subsequently large fibers that was reduced with short term (3 days) administration of LY294002. Furthermore, LY294002 treatment initiated on the date of injury, prevented the development of overgrooming, a spontaneous at-level pain related dysesthesia. Conclusions QUIS induced SCI resulted in inhibition of GSK-3β in primary afferents and enhanced at-level DRG intrinsic growth (neurite elongation and initiation). Early PI3K mediated activation of GSK-3β attenuated QUIS-induced DRG neurite outgrowth and prevented the development of at-level dysesthesias.
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129
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Apiliogullari S, Aydin BK, Onal O, Kirac Y, Celik JB. Pulsed Radiofrequency of Dorsal Root Ganglia for the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in an Adolescent with Poliomyelitis Sequel: A Case Report. PAIN MEDICINE 2015; 16:1369-72. [PMID: 25688583 DOI: 10.1111/pme.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a painful and disabling syndrome in which the patient presents with neuropathic pain, edema, or vasomotor or pseudomotor abnormalities that are often refractory to treatment. Polio paralysis is caused by the damage or destruction of motor neurons in the spine, which lead to corresponding muscle paralysis. This report is a case report on the application of a pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) current to dorsal root ganglia (DRG) for the treatment of CRPS type 1 in an adolescent patient. DESIGN Single case report. SETTING Selcuk University Hospital. PATIENT A 16-year-old girl who suffered from CRPS type 1 secondary to surgeries for the sequelae of poliomyelitis. INTERVENTIONS PRF current application to the lumbar 4 and lumbar 5 DRG. OUTCOME MEASURES Pain reduction. RESULTS The patient had complete resolution of her symptoms, which was maintained at a 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This case illustrates that PRF applied to lumbar 4 and lumbar 5 DRG may play a significant role in CRPS type 1 management after the surgical treatment of poliomyelitis sequelae in adolescent patients. Further randomized, controlled studies are needed to support this argument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seza Apiliogullari
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Kerem Aydin
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ozkan Onal
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yunus Kirac
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | - Jale Bengi Celik
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
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