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Baumer TG, Giles JW, Drake A, Zauel R, Bey MJ. Measuring Three-Dimensional Thorax Motion Via Biplane Radiographic Imaging: Technique and Preliminary Results. J Biomech Eng 2016; 138:2473568. [PMID: 26592901 DOI: 10.1115/1.4032058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Measures of scapulothoracic motion are dependent on accurate imaging of the scapula and thorax. Advanced radiographic techniques can provide accurate measures of scapular motion, but the limited 3D imaging volume of these techniques often precludes measurement of thorax motion. To overcome this, a thorax coordinate system was defined based on the position of rib pairs and then compared to a conventional sternum/spine-based thorax coordinate system. Alignment of the rib-based coordinate system was dependent on the rib pairs used, with the rib3:rib4 pairing aligned to within 4.4 ± 2.1 deg of the conventional thorax coordinate system.
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102
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Dal Maso F, Blache Y, Raison M, Lundberg A, Begon M. Glenohumeral joint kinematics measured by intracortical pins, reflective markers, and computed tomography: A novel technique to assess acromiohumeral distance. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2016; 29:4-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Zhang C, Skalli W, Lagacé PY, Billuart F, Ohl X, Cresson T, Bureau NJ, Rouleau DM, Roy A, Tétreault P, Sauret C, de Guise JA, Hagemeister N. Investigation of 3D glenohumeral displacements from 3D reconstruction using biplane X-ray images: Accuracy and reproducibility of the technique and preliminary analysis in rotator cuff tear patients. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2016; 29:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Malakoutian M, Street J, Wilke HJ, Stavness I, Fels S, Oxland T. A musculoskeletal model of the lumbar spine using ArtiSynth – development and validation. COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-IMAGING AND VISUALIZATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21681163.2016.1187087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Malakoutian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John Street
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hans-Joachim Wilke
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ian Stavness
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Sidney Fels
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Thomas Oxland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Mahato NK, Montuelle S, Cotton J, Williams S, Thomas J, Clark B. Development of a morphology-based modeling technique for tracking solid-body displacements: examining the reliability of a potential MRI-only approach for joint kinematics assessment. BMC Med Imaging 2016; 16:38. [PMID: 27189195 PMCID: PMC4870733 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-016-0140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Single or biplanar video radiography and Roentgen stereophotogrammetry (RSA) techniques used for the assessment of in-vivo joint kinematics involves application of ionizing radiation, which is a limitation for clinical research involving human subjects. To overcome this limitation, our long-term goal is to develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-only, three dimensional (3-D) modeling technique that permits dynamic imaging of joint motion in humans. Here, we present our initial findings, as well as reliability data, for an MRI-only protocol and modeling technique. Methods We developed a morphology-based motion-analysis technique that uses MRI of custom-built solid-body objects to animate and quantify experimental displacements between them. The technique involved four major steps. First, the imaging volume was calibrated using a custom-built grid. Second, 3-D models were segmented from axial scans of two custom-built solid-body cubes. Third, these cubes were positioned at pre-determined relative displacements (translation and rotation) in the magnetic resonance coil and scanned with a T1 and a fast contrast-enhanced pulse sequences. The digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) images were then processed for animation. The fourth step involved importing these processed images into an animation software, where they were displayed as background scenes. In the same step, 3-D models of the cubes were imported into the animation software, where the user manipulated the models to match their outlines in the scene (rotoscoping) and registered the models into an anatomical joint system. Measurements of displacements obtained from two different rotoscoping sessions were tested for reliability using coefficient of variations (CV), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Bland-Altman plots, and Limits of Agreement analyses. Results Between-session reliability was high for both the T1 and the contrast-enhanced sequences. Specifically, the average CVs for translation were 4.31 % and 5.26 % for the two pulse sequences, respectively, while the ICCs were 0.99 for both. For rotation measures, the CVs were 3.19 % and 2.44 % for the two pulse sequences with the ICCs being 0.98 and 0.97, respectively. A novel biplanar imaging approach also yielded high reliability with mean CVs of 2.66 % and 3.39 % for translation in the x- and z-planes, respectively, and ICCs of 0.97 in both planes. Conclusions This work provides basic proof-of-concept for a reliable marker-less non-ionizing-radiation-based quasi-dynamic motion quantification technique that can potentially be developed into a tool for real-time joint kinematics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri K Mahato
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
| | - Stephane Montuelle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - John Cotton
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Susan Williams
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - James Thomas
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.,School of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Brian Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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106
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Miller RM, Popchak A, Vyas D, Tashman S, Irrgang JJ, Musahl V, Debski RE. Effects of exercise therapy for the treatment of symptomatic full-thickness supraspinatus tears on in vivo glenohumeral kinematics. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2016; 25:641-9. [PMID: 26620280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2015.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high incidence of rotator cuff disease combined with high failure rates for nonoperative treatment of full-thickness rotator cuff tears underlines the importance of improving nonoperative management of rotator cuff tears. The study objective was to assess changes in in vivo glenohumeral kinematics of patients with a symptomatic full-thickness supraspinatus tear before and after a 12-week exercise therapy program. It was hypothesized that successful exercise therapy would result in improved kinematics (smaller translations and increased subacromial space). MATERIALS AND METHODS Five patients were recruited for the study and underwent dynamic stereoradiography analysis before and after a 12-week exercise therapy protocol to measure changes in glenohumeral joint translations and subacromial space during coronal plane abduction. Strength and patient-reported outcomes (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index) were also evaluated. RESULTS After therapy, no subject went on to receive surgery. It was found that the contact path length of the humerus translating on the surface of the glenoid was reduced by 29% from 67.2% ± 36.9% glenoid height to 43.1% ± 26.9% glenoid height (P = .036) after therapy. Minimum acromiohumeral distance showed a small increase from 0.9 ± 0.6 mm to 1.3 ± 0.8 mm (P = .079). Significant improvements in strength and patient-reported outcomes were also observed (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Successful exercise therapy for treatment of small full-thickness supraspinatus tears results in improvements in glenohumeral joint kinematics and patient-reported outcomes through increases in rotator cuff muscle strength and joint stability. This study may enable identification of prognostic factors that predict the response of a patient with a rotator cuff tear to exercise therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matthew Miller
- Orthopaedic Robotics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam Popchak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dharmesh Vyas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scott Tashman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James J Irrgang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Volker Musahl
- Orthopaedic Robotics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Richard E Debski
- Orthopaedic Robotics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Normative rearfoot motion during barefoot and shod walking using biplane fluoroscopy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016; 24:1402-8. [PMID: 24902926 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-014-3084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ankle rearfoot complex consists of the ankle and subtalar joints. This is an observational study on two test conditions of the rearfoot complex. Using high-speed biplane fluoroscopy, we present a method to measure rearfoot kinematics during normal gait and compare rearfoot kinematics between barefoot and shod gait. METHODS Six male subjects completed a walking trial while biplane fluoroscopy images were acquired during stance phase. Bone models of the calcaneus and tibia were reconstructed from computed tomography images and aligned with the biplane fluoroscopy images. An optimization algorithm was used to determine the three-dimensional position of the bones and calculate rearfoot kinematics. RESULTS Peak plantarflexion was higher (barefoot: 9.1°; 95% CI 5.2:13.0; shod: 5.7°; 95% CI 3.6:7.8; p = 0.015) and neutral plantar/dorsiflexion occurred later in the stance phase (barefoot: 31.1%; 95% CI 23.6:38.6; shod: 17.7%; 95% CI 14.4:21.0; p = 0.019) during barefoot walking compared to shod walking. An eversion peak of 8.7° (95% CI 1.9:15.5) occurred at 27.8% (95% CI 18.4:37.2) of stance during barefoot walking, while during shod walking a brief inversion to 1.2° (95% CI -2.1:4.5; p = 0.021) occurred earlier (11.5% of stance; 95% CI 0.2:22.8; p = 0.008) during stance phase. The tibia was internally rotated relative to the calcaneus throughout stance phase in both conditions (barefoot: 5.1° (95% CI -1.4:11.6); shod: 3.6° (95% CI -0.4:7.6); ns.). CONCLUSIONS Biplane fluoroscopy can allow for detailed quantification of dynamic in vivo ankle kinematics during barefoot and shod walking conditions. This methodology could be used in the future to study hindfoot pathology after trauma, for congenital disease and after sports injuries such as instability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Cross JA, McHenry B, Schmidt TG. Quantifying cross-scatter contamination in biplane fluoroscopy motion analysis systems. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2016; 2:043503. [PMID: 26835494 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.2.4.043503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biplane fluoroscopy is used for dynamic in vivo three-dimensional motion analysis of various joints of the body. Cross-scatter between the two fluoroscopy systems may limit tracking accuracy. This study measured the magnitude and effects of cross-scatter in biplane fluoroscopic images. Four cylindrical phantoms of 4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-in. diameter were imaged at varying kVp levels to determine the cross-scatter fraction and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Monte Carlo simulations quantified the effect of the gantry angle on the cross-scatter fraction. A cadaver foot with implanted beads was also imaged. The effect of cross-scatter on marker-based tracking accuracy was investigated. Results demonstrated that the cross-scatter fraction varied from 0.15 for the 4-in. cylinder to 0.89 for the 10-in. cylinder when averaged across kVp. The average change in CNR due to cross-scatter ranged from 5% to 36% CNR decreases for the 4- and 10-in. cylinders, respectively. In simulations, the cross-scatter fraction increased with the gantry angle for the 8- and 10-in. cylinders. Cross-scatter significantly increased static-tracking error by 15%, 25%, and 38% for the 6-, 8-, and 10-in. phantoms, respectively, with no significant effect for the foot specimen. The results demonstrated submillimeter marker-based tracking for a range of phantom sizes, despite cross-scatter degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle A Cross
- Marquette University , Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1515 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Ben McHenry
- Marquette University , Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1515 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Taly Gilat Schmidt
- Marquette University , Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1515 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
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Accuracy of Functional and Predictive Methods to Calculate the Hip Joint Center in Young Non-pathologic Asymptomatic Adults with Dual Fluoroscopy as a Reference Standard. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:2168-80. [PMID: 26645080 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Predictions from biomechanical models of gait may be sensitive to joint center locations. Most often, the hip joint center (HJC) is derived from locations of reflective markers adhered to the skin. Here, predictive techniques use regression equations of pelvic anatomy to estimate the HJC, whereas functional methods track motion of markers placed at the pelvis and femur during a coordinated motion. Skin motion artifact may introduce errors in the estimate of HJC for both techniques. Quantifying the accuracy of these methods is an area of open investigation. In this study, we used dual fluoroscopy (DF) (a dynamic X-ray imaging technique) and three-dimensional reconstructions from computed tomography images, to measure HJC locations in vivo. Using dual fluoroscopy as the reference standard, we then assessed the accuracy of three predictive and two functional methods. Eleven non-pathologic subjects were imaged with DF and reflective skin marker motion capture. Additionally, DF-based solutions generated virtual markers placed on bony landmarks, which were input to the predictive and functional methods to determine if estimates of the HJC improved. Using skin markers, functional methods had better mean agreement with the HJC measured by DF (11.0 ± 3.3 mm) than predictive methods (18.1 ± 9.5 mm); estimates from functional and predictive methods improved when using the DF-based solutions (1.3 ± 0.9 and 17.5 ± 8.6 mm, respectively). The Harrington method was the best predictive technique using both skin markers (13.2 ± 6.5 mm) and DF-based solutions (10.6 ± 2.5 mm). The two functional methods had similar accuracy using skin makers (11.1 ± 3.6 and 10.8 ± 3.2 mm) and DF-based solutions (1.2 ± 0.8 and 1.4 ± 1.0 mm). Overall, functional methods were superior to predictive methods for HJC estimation. However, the improvements observed when using the DF-based solutions suggest that skin motion artifact is a large source of error for the functional methods.
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110
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Anderst WJ, Donaldson WF, Lee JY, Kang JD. Cervical motion segment contributions to head motion during flexion\extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Spine J 2015; 15:2538-43. [PMID: 26334229 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Cervical spine segmental contributions to motion may reveal movement abnormalities associated with whiplash, disc herniation, disc arthroplasty, or fusion. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to determine the cervical spine segmental contributions to head flexion\extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation during dynamic motion in young, healthy individuals. STUDY DESIGN The study design was a descriptive control study. PATIENT SAMPLE Twenty-nine young (20-35 years of age) healthy individuals comprised the patient sample. OUTCOME MEASURES Physiologic measures of contributions from each cervical motion segment to the primary head rotation were the outcome measures for this study. METHODS Twenty-nine healthy participants performed full range of motion (ROM) flexion\extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation while biplane radiographs were collected at 30 images per second. Surface-based markers were used to determine head kinematics for each movement, and a validated volumetric model-based tracking technique was used to determine intervertebral kinematics. Contributions from each cervical motion segment to the primary head rotation were determined continuously during each of the three head movements. This study was funded by Synthes Spine (F). RESULTS For each head movement, motion segments in the lower cervical spine increased their contributions to head motion near the end of the ROM. Cervical motion segment contributions to left and right lateral bending were mirror images of each other, as were contributions to left and right axial rotation. However, cervical motion segment contributions to flexion were not mirror images of the contributions to extension. CONCLUSIONS Cervical motion segment contributions to head motion change over the full ROM and cannot be accurately characterized solely from endpoint data. The continuously changing segmental contributions suggest that the compressive and shear loads applied to each motion segment also change over the ROM. The clinical implication of increased contributions from the inferior motions segments near the end ROM is that the clinician may advise the patient to avoid end ROM positions to lessen the demand on the discs of inferior motion segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Anderst
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 15213, USA.
| | | | - Joon Y Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 15213, USA
| | - James D Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 15213, USA
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Peltz CD, Baumer TG, Mende V, Ramo N, Mehran N, Moutzouros V, Bey MJ. Effect of Arthroscopic Stabilization on In Vivo Glenohumeral Joint Motion and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Anterior Instability. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43:2800-8. [PMID: 26391860 DOI: 10.1177/0363546515602249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glenohumeral joint (GHJ) dislocations are common, and the resulting shoulder instability is often treated with arthroscopic stabilization. These procedures result in favorable clinical outcomes, but abnormal GHJ motion may persist, which may place patients at risk for developing osteoarthritis. However, the effects of shoulder instability and arthroscopic stabilization on GHJ motion are not well understood. HYPOTHESIS GHJ motion is significantly influenced by anterior instability and arthroscopic stabilization, but postsurgical measures of GHJ motion are not different from those of control subjects. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS In vivo GHJ motion was measured by applying a computed tomographic model-based tracking technique to biplane radiographic images acquired during an apprehension test in healthy control subjects (n = 11) and anterior instability patients (n = 11). Patients were tested before surgery and at 6 months after surgery. Control subjects were tested once. Shoulder strength, active range of motion (ROM), and the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability (WOSI) index were also measured. RESULTS Before surgery, the humerus of the instability patients during the apprehension test was located significantly more anteriorly on the glenoid (7.9% of glenoid width; 2.1 mm) compared with that of the controls (P = .03), but arthroscopic stabilization moved this joint contact location posteriorly on the glenoid (4.7% of glenoid width; 1.1 mm; P = .03). After surgery, GHJ excursion during the apprehension test was significantly lower (14.7% of glenoid width; 3.6 mm) compared with presurgical values (19.4% of glenoid width; 4.7 mm; P = .01) and with that of the controls (22.4% of glenoid width; 5.7 mm; P = .01). The external and internal rotation strength of patients was significantly lower than that of the controls before surgery (P < .05), but differences in strength did not persist after surgery (P > .17). External rotation ROM in patients was significantly lower than that in control subjects both before and after arthroscopic stabilization (P < .01). The WOSI score improved significantly, from 48.3 ± 13.1 presurgery to 86.3 ± 16.5 after surgery (P = .0002). CONCLUSION In patients with anterior instability, arthroscopic stabilization significantly improves measures of strength, ROM, and clinical outcome. However, GHJ excursion is not fully restored to levels seen in the control subjects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although arthroscopic stabilization satisfactorily restores most clinical outcome measures, GHJ excursion and external rotation ROM remain compromised compared with healthy control subjects and may contribute to the development of osteoarthritis in patients with anterior instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn D Peltz
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Timothy G Baumer
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Veronica Mende
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicole Ramo
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nima Mehran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Vasilios Moutzouros
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael J Bey
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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In vivo 3-dimensional analysis of scapular and glenohumeral kinematics: comparison of symptomatic or asymptomatic shoulders with rotator cuff tears and healthy shoulders. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2015; 24:1817-26. [PMID: 26234667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alteration in shoulder kinematics has been suggested as one cause of symptoms in shoulders with rotator cuff tears (RCTs). However, only a few studies comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic RCTs using kinematic analysis have been performed. The purpose of this study was to compare 3-dimensional (3D) scapular and glenohumeral kinematics during scapular-plane abduction among symptomatic RCTs, asymptomatic RCTs, and healthy shoulders. METHODS This study included 7 healthy shoulders in subjects with a mean age of 62 years, 5 symptomatic RCTs in subjects with a mean age of 70 years, and 7 asymptomatic RCTs in subjects with a mean age of 67 years. All shoulders with RCTs had medium-sized tears (1-3 cm in the coronal plane) that were confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging. Biplane fluoroscopic images during scapular-plane abduction were recorded, and computed tomography-derived 3D bone models were matched with the silhouettes of the bones on the fluoroscopic images using 3D/2-dimensional model-image registration techniques. Angular values of the scapula and glenohumeral kinematics were compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS Posterior tilt of the scapula was significantly smaller in the symptomatic RCTs (3.1° ± 1.8°) than in healthy shoulders (10.4° ± 0.8°) (P = .049). The humerus of the symptomatic shoulders was less externally rotated relative to the scapula throughout the activity than the healthy shoulders and asymptomatic RCTs (P = .006 and P = .028 respectively). However, there were no kinematic differences between the asymptomatic RCTs and healthy shoulders. CONCLUSION Kinematic changes in symptomatic RCTs might be associated with development of symptoms. Improvement of these kinematic changes may be a key to successful conservative treatment for symptomatic RCTs.
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113
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Morgan EF, Lei J. Toward Clinical Application and Molecular Understanding of the Mechanobiology of Bone Healing. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-015-9197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Anderst W, Donaldson W, Lee J, Kang J. Cervical Spine Disc Deformation During In Vivo Three-Dimensional Head Movements. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:1598-612. [PMID: 26271522 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although substantial research demonstrates that intervertebral disc cells respond to mechanical signals, little research has been done to characterize the in vivo mechanical environment in the disc tissue. The objective of this study was to estimate cervical disc strain during three-dimensional head movements. Twenty-nine young healthy adults performed full range of motion flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation of the head within a biplane radiography system. Three-dimensional vertebral kinematics were determined using a validated model-based tracking technique. A computational model used these kinematics to estimate subject-specific intervertebral disc deformation (C3-4 to C6-7). Peak compression, distraction and shear strains were calculated for each movement, disc level, and disc region. Peak compression strain and peak shear strain were highest during flexion/extension (mean ± 95% confidence interval) (32 ± 3 and 86 ± 8%, respectively), while peak distraction strain was highest during lateral bending (57 ± 5%). Peak compression strain occurred at C4-5 (33 ± 4%), while peak distraction and shear strain occurred at C3-4 (54 ± 8 and 83 ± 11%, respectively). Peak compression, distraction, and shear strains all occurred in the posterior-lateral annulus (48 ± 4, 80 ± 8, and 109 ± 12%, respectively). These peak strain values may serve as boundary conditions for in vitro loading paradigms that aim to assess the biologic response to physiologic disc deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Anderst
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biodynamics Lab, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA.
| | - William Donaldson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biodynamics Lab, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - Joon Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biodynamics Lab, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - James Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biodynamics Lab, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
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Ivester JC, Cyr AJ, Harris MD, Kulis MJ, Rullkoetter PJ, Shelburne KB. A Reconfigurable High-Speed Stereo-Radiography System for Sub-Millimeter Measurement of In Vivo Joint Kinematics. J Med Device 2015. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4030778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative motions within normal and pathological joints of the human body can occur on the sub-millimeter and sub-degree scale. Dynamic radiography can be used to create a rapid sequence of images from which measurements of bone motion can be extracted, but available systems have limited speed and accuracy, limit normal subject movement, and do not easily integrate into existing traditional motion capture laboratories. A high-speed stereo radiography (HSSR) system is described that addresses these limitations. The custom radiography system was placed on a standalone reconfigurable gantry structure designed to allow freedom of subject movement while integrating into an existing motion capture laboratory. Validation of the system and measurement of knee kinematics of subjects during gait confirmed the ability to record joint motion with high accuracy and high-speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Ivester
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Denver, 2390 S York Street, Denver, CO 80208 e-mail:
| | - Adam J. Cyr
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Denver, 2390 S York Street, Denver, CO 80208 e-mail:
| | - Michael D. Harris
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Denver, 2390 S York Street, Denver, CO 80208 e-mail:
| | - Martin J. Kulis
- Imaging Systems & Service, Inc., 143 Burton Street, Painesville, OH 44077 e-mail:
| | - Paul J. Rullkoetter
- Mem. ASME Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Denver, 2390 S York Street, Denver, CO 80208 e-mail:
| | - Kevin B. Shelburne
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Denver, 2390 S York Street, Denver, CO 80208 e-mail:
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Mackenzie TA, Herrington L, Horlsey I, Cools A. An evidence-based review of current perceptions with regard to the subacromial space in shoulder impingement syndromes: Is it important and what influences it? Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2015; 30:641-8. [PMID: 26071974 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction of the subacromial space as a mechanism in the etiology of shoulder impingement syndromes is debated. Although a reduction in this space is associated with shoulder impingement syndromes, it is unclear if this observation is cause or consequence. METHOD The purposes of this descriptive review are to provide a broad perspective on the current perceptions with regard to the pathology and pathomechanics of subacromial and internal impingement syndromes, consider the role of the subacromial space in impingement syndromes, describe the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms considered to influence the subacromial space, and critique the level of evidence supporting these concepts. FINDING Based on the current evidence, the hypothesis that a reduction in subacromial space is an extrinsic cause of impingement syndromes is not conclusively established and the evidence permits no conclusion. INTERPRETATION If maintenance of the subacromial space is important in impingement syndromes regardless of whether it is a cause or consequence, research exploring the correlation between biomechanical factors and the subacromial space, using the later as the outcome measure, would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Anne Mackenzie
- Salford University, Health, Sports and Rehabilitation Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom/M5 4WT.
| | - Lee Herrington
- Salford University, School of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Ann Cools
- Ghent University Dept of Rehabilitation Science and Physiotherapy, Ghent, Belgium.
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117
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Associations between in-vivo glenohumeral joint motion and morphology. J Biomech 2015; 48:3252-7. [PMID: 26189094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Joint morphology has a significant influence on joint motion and may contribute to the development of rotator cuff pathology, but the relationships between glenohumeral joint (GHJ) morphology and in-vivo GHJ motion are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to assess measures of joint morphology and their relationship with in-vivo joint motion in two populations: shoulders with intact rotator cuffs (n=48) and shoulders with rotator cuff pathology (n=36, including 5 symptomatic tears, 9 asymptomatic tears and 22 repaired tears). GHJ morphology was measured from CT-based three-dimensional models of the humerus and scapula. In-vivo GHJ motion was measured during shoulder abduction using biplane x-ray imaging. Associations between GHJ morphology and motion were assessed with univariate and best subsets regression. The only morphological difference identified between the populations was the critical shoulder angle (intact: 34.5 ± 4.7°, pathologic: 36.9 ± 5.0°, p=0.03), which is consistent with previous research. In intact shoulders, the superior/inferior (S/I) position of the humerus on the glenoid during shoulder abduction was significantly associated with the glenoid's S/I radius of curvature (p<0.01), conformity index (p<0.01), and stability angle (p<0.01). Furthermore, the S/I position of the humerus on the glenoid was negatively associated with the critical shoulder angle (p=0.04), which contradicts previous research. No significant associations between GHJ morphology and GHJ motion were detected in shoulders with rotator cuff tears. It is unknown if rotator cuff pathology compromises the relationships between GHJ morphology and motion, or if the absence of this relationship is a pre-existing condition that increases the likelihood of pathology.
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118
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Do in vivo kinematic studies provide insight into adjacent segment degeneration? A qualitative systematic literature review. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2015; 24:1865-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-015-3992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Anderst WJ. Bootstrap prediction bands for cervical spine intervertebral kinematics during in vivo three-dimensional head movements. J Biomech 2015; 48:1270-6. [PMID: 25798763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial inter-subject variability in intervertebral range of motion (ROM) in the cervical spine. This makes it difficult to define "normal" ROM, and to assess the effects of age, injury, and surgical procedures on spine kinematics. The objective of this study was to define normal intervertebral kinematics in the cervical spine during dynamic functional loading. Twenty-nine participants performed dynamic flexion\extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending while biplane radiographs were collected at 30 images/s. Vertebral motion was tracked with sub-millimeter accuracy using a validated volumetric model-based tracking process that matched subject-specific CT-based bone models to the radiographs. Gaussian point-by-point and bootstrap techniques were used to determine 90% prediction bands for the intervertebral kinematic curves at 1% intervals of each movement cycle. Cross validation was performed to estimate the true achieved coverage for each method. For a targeted coverage of 90%, the estimated true coverage using bootstrap prediction bands averaged 86±5%, while the estimated true coverage using Gaussian point-by-point intervals averaged 56±10% over all movements and all motion segments. Bootstrap prediction bands are recommended as the standard for evaluating full ROM cervical spine kinematic curves. The data presented here can be used to identify abnormal motion in patients presenting with neck pain, to drive computational models, and to assess the biofidelity of in vitro loading paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Anderst
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, United States.
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Anderst WJ, Donaldson WF, Lee JY, Kang JD. Three-dimensional intervertebral kinematics in the healthy young adult cervical spine during dynamic functional loading. J Biomech 2015; 48:1286-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Accuracy and feasibility of high-speed dual fluoroscopy and model-based tracking to measure in vivo ankle arthrokinematics. Gait Posture 2015; 41:888-93. [PMID: 25864769 PMCID: PMC6643275 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between altered tibiotalar and subtalar kinematics and development of ankle osteoarthritis is unknown, as skin marker motion analysis cannot measure articulations of each joint independently. Here, we quantified the accuracy and demonstrated the feasibility of high-speed dual fluoroscopy (DF) to measure and visualize the three-dimensional articulation (i.e., arthrokinematics) of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints. Metal beads were implanted in the tibia, talus and calcaneus of two cadavers. Three-dimensional surface models of the cadaver and volunteer bones were reconstructed from computed tomography images. A custom DF system was positioned adjacent to an instrumented treadmill. DF images of the cadavers were acquired during maximal rotation about three axes (dorsal-plantar flexion, inversion-eversion, internal-external rotation) and simulated gait (treadmill at 0.5 and 1.0 m/s). Positions of implanted beads were tracked using dynamic radiostereometric analysis (DRSA). Bead locations were also calculated using model-based markerless tracking (MBT) and compared, along with joint angles and translations, to DRSA results. The mean positional difference between DRSA and MBT for all frames defined bias; standard deviation of the difference defined precision. The volunteer was imaged with DF during treadmill gait. From these movements, joint kinematics and tibiotalar and subtalar bone-to-bone distance were calculated. The mean positional and rotational bias (±standard deviation) of MBT was 0.03±0.35 mm and 0.25±0.81°, respectively. Mean translational and rotational precision was 0.30±0.12 mm and 0.63±0.28°, respectively. With excellent measurement accuracy, DF and MBT may elucidate the kinematic pathways responsible for osteoarthritis of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints in living subjects.
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Kapron AL, Aoki SK, Peters CL, Anderson AE. In-vivo hip arthrokinematics during supine clinical exams: Application to the study of femoroacetabular impingement. J Biomech 2015; 48:2879-86. [PMID: 25997726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Visualization of hip articulation relative to the underlying anatomy (i.e., arthrokinematics) is required to understand hip dysfunction in femoroacetabular (FAI) patients. In this exploratory study, we quantified in-vivo arthrokinematics of a small cohort of asymptomatic volunteers and three symptomatic patients with varying FAI deformities during the passive impingement, FABER, and rotational profile exams using dual fluoroscopy and model-based tracking. Joint angles, joint translations, and relative pelvic angles were calculated. Compared to the 95% confidence interval of the asymptomatic cohort, FAI patients appeared to have decreased adduction and internal rotation during the impingement exam and greater flexion and less abduction/external rotation in the FABER exam. During the rotational profile, only the FAI patient with the most severe deformities demonstrated considerable rotation deficits. In all participants, contact between the labrum and femoral head/neck limited motion during the impingement exam, but not the rotational profile. Substantial pelvic motion was measured during the impingement exam and FABER test in all participants. Femoral translation along any given anatomical direction ranged between 0.69 and 4.1mm. These results suggest that hip articulation during clinical exams is complex in asymptomatic hips and hips with FAI, incorporating pelvic motion and femur translation. Range of motion appears to be governed by femur-labrum contact and other soft tissue constraints, suggesting that current computer simulations that rely on direct bone contact to predict impingement may be unrealistic. Additional research is necessary to confirm these preliminary results. Still, dual fluoroscopy data may serve to validate existing software platforms or create new programs that better-represent hip arthrokinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Kapron
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Stephen K Aoki
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | | | - Andrew E Anderson
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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Henderson SE, Tudares MA, Tashman S, Almarza AJ. Decreased Temporomandibular Joint Range of Motion in a Model of Early Osteoarthritis in the Rabbit. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 73:1695-705. [PMID: 25889371 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2015.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Analysis of mandibular biomechanics could help with understanding the mechanisms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (TMJDs), such as osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA), by investigating the effects of injury or disease on TMJ movement. The objective of the present study was to determine the functional kinematic implications of mild TMJ-OA degeneration caused by altered occlusion from unilateral splints in the rabbit. MATERIALS AND METHODS Altered occlusion of the TMJ was mechanically induced in rabbits by way of a unilateral molar dental splint (n = 3). TMJ motion was assessed using 3-dimensional (3D) skeletal kinematics twice, once before and once after 6 weeks of splint placement with the splints removed, after allowing 3 days of recovery. The relative motion of the condyle to the fossa and the distance between the incisors were tracked. RESULTS An overall decrease in the range of joint movement was observed at the incisors and in the joint space between the condyle and fossa. The incisor movement decreased from 7.0 ± 0.5 mm to 6.2 ± 0.5 mm right to left, from 5.5 ± 2.2 mm to 4.6 ± 0.8 mm anterior to posterior, and from 13.3 ± 1.8 mm to 11.6 ± 1.4 mm superior to inferior (P < .05). The total magnitude of the maximum distance between the points on the condyle and fossa decreased from 3.6 ± 0.8 mm to 3.1 ± 0.6 mm for the working condyle and 2.8 ± 0.4 mm to 2.5 ± 0.4 mm for the balancing condyle (P < .05). The largest decreases were seen in the anteroposterior direction for both condyles. CONCLUSION Determining the changes in condylar movement might lead to a better understanding of the early predictors in the development of TMJ-OA and determining when the symptoms become a chronic, irreversible problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Henderson
- Graduate Student Researcher, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mauro A Tudares
- Research Technician, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Scott Tashman
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alejandro J Almarza
- Associate Professor, Department of Bioengineering; Department of Oral Biology; and McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
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Hoffman SE, Peltz CD, Haladik JA, Divine G, Nurse MA, Bey MJ. Dynamic in-vivo assessment of navicular drop while running in barefoot, minimalist, and motion control footwear conditions. Gait Posture 2015; 41:825-9. [PMID: 25791869 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Running-related injuries are common and previous research has suggested that the magnitude and/or rate of pronation may contribute to the development of these injuries. Accurately and directly measuring pronation can be challenging, and therefore previous research has often relied on navicular drop (under both static and dynamic conditions) as an indirect assessment of pronation. The objectives of this study were to use dynamic, biplane X-ray imaging to assess the effects of three footwear conditions (barefoot, minimalist shoes, motion control shoes) on the magnitude and rate of navicular drop during running, and to determine the association between static and dynamic measures of navicular drop. Twelve healthy distance runners participated in this study. The magnitude and rate of navicular drop were determined by tracking the 3D position of the navicular from biplane radiographic images acquired at 60Hz during the stance phase of overground running. Static assessments of navicular drop and foot posture were also recorded in each subject. Footwear condition was not found to have a significant effect on the magnitude of navicular drop (p=0.22), but motion control shoes had a slower navicular drop rate than running barefoot (p=0.05) or in minimalist shoes (p=0.05). In an exploratory analysis, static assessments of navicular drop and foot posture were found to be poor predictors of dynamic navicular drop in all footwear conditions (p>0.18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Hoffman
- Henry Ford Health Systems, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Center, 2799W. Grand Blvd., E&R 2015, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Cathryn D Peltz
- Henry Ford Health Systems, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Center, 2799W. Grand Blvd., E&R 2015, Detroit, MI 48202, United States.
| | - Jeffrey A Haladik
- Henry Ford Health Systems, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Center, 2799W. Grand Blvd., E&R 2015, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - George Divine
- Henry Ford Health Systems, Department of Public Health Science, 2799W. Grand Blvd., Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Matthew A Nurse
- Nike, Inc., Nike Sport Research Lab, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Michael J Bey
- Henry Ford Health Systems, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Center, 2799W. Grand Blvd., E&R 2015, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
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Guillot M, Gravel P, Gauthier ML, Leblond H, Tremblay M, Rossignol S, Martel-Pelletier J, Pelletier JP, de Guise JA, Troncy E. Coxofemoral joint kinematics using video fluoroscopic images of treadmill-walking cats: development of a technique to assess osteoarthritis-associated disability. J Feline Med Surg 2015; 17:134-43. [PMID: 24907140 PMCID: PMC10816421 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x14537261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this pilot study were to develop a video fluoroscopy kinematics method for the assessment of the coxofemoral joint in cats with and without osteoarthritis (OA)-associated disability. Two non-OA cats and four cats affected by coxofemoral OA were evaluated by video fluoroscopy. Video fluoroscopic images of the coxofemoral joints were captured at 120 frames/s using a customized C-arm X-ray system while cats walked freely on a treadmill at 0.4 m/s. The angle patterns over time of the coxofemoral joints were extracted using a graphic user interface following four steps: (i) correction for image distortion; (ii) image denoising and contrast enhancement; (iii) frame-to-frame anatomical marker identification; and (iv) statistical gait analysis. Reliability analysis was performed. The cats with OA presented greater intra-subject stride and gait cycle variability. Three cats with OA presented a left-right asymmetry in the range of movement of the coxofemoral joint angle in the sagittal plane (two with no overlap of the 95% confidence interval, and one with only a slight overlap) consistent with their painful OA joint, and a longer gait cycle duration. Reliability analysis revealed an absolute variation in the coxofemoral joint angle of 2º-6º, indicating that the two-dimensional video fluoroscopy technique provided reliable data. Improvement of this method is recommended: variability would likely be reduced if a larger field of view could be recorded, allowing the identification and tracking of each femoral axis, rather than the trochanter landmarks. The range of movement of the coxofemoral joint has the potential to be an objective marker of OA-associated disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Guillot
- Québec Animal Pharmacology Research Group (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada Osteoarthritis Research Unit, CRCHUM, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Gravel
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Lou Gauthier
- Québec Animal Pharmacology Research Group (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hugues Leblond
- Central Nervous System Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maurice Tremblay
- Central Nervous System Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Rossignol
- Central Nervous System Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, CRCHUM, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, CRCHUM, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques A de Guise
- Imaging and Orthopedic Research Laboratory (LIO), Research Center of the University of Montréal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM), School of Superior Technology, Université de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Troncy
- Québec Animal Pharmacology Research Group (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada Osteoarthritis Research Unit, CRCHUM, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Carey RE, Zheng L, Aiyangar AK, Harner CD, Zhang X. Subject-specific finite element modeling of the tibiofemoral joint based on CT, magnetic resonance imaging and dynamic stereo-radiography data in vivo. J Biomech Eng 2014; 136:1789552. [PMID: 24337180 DOI: 10.1115/1.4026228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a new methodology for subject-specific finite element modeling of the tibiofemoral joint based on in vivo computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and dynamic stereo-radiography (DSX) data. We implemented and compared two techniques to incorporate in vivo skeletal kinematics as boundary conditions: one used MRI-measured tibiofemoral kinematics in a nonweight-bearing supine position and allowed five degrees of freedom (excluding flexion-extension) at the joint in response to an axially applied force; the other used DSX-measured tibiofemoral kinematics in a weight-bearing standing position and permitted only axial translation in response to the same force. Verification and comparison of the model predictions employed data from a meniscus transplantation study subject with a meniscectomized and an intact knee. The model-predicted cartilage-cartilage contact areas were examined against "benchmarks" from a novel in situ contact area analysis (ISCAA) in which the intersection volume between nondeformed femoral and tibial cartilage was characterized to determine the contact. The results showed that the DSX-based model predicted contact areas in close alignment with the benchmarks, and outperformed the MRI-based model: the contact centroid predicted by the former was on average 85% closer to the benchmark location. The DSX-based FE model predictions also indicated that the (lateral) meniscectomy increased the contact area in the lateral compartment and increased the maximum contact pressure and maximum compressive stress in both compartments. We discuss the importance of accurate, task-specific skeletal kinematics in subject-specific FE modeling, along with the effects of simplifying assumptions and limitations.
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Kapron AL, Aoki SK, Peters CL, Anderson AE. Subject-specific patterns of femur-labrum contact are complex and vary in asymptomatic hips and hips with femoroacetabular impingement. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014; 472:3912-22. [PMID: 25193693 PMCID: PMC4397749 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-014-3919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) may constrain hip articulation and cause chondrolabral damage, but to our knowledge, in vivo articulation and femur-labrum contact patterns have not been quantified. PURPOSE In this exploratory study, we describe the use of high-speed dual-fluoroscopy and model-based tracking to dynamically measure in vivo hip articulation and estimate the location of femur-labrum contact in six asymptomatic hips and three hips with FAI during the impingement examination. We asked: (1) Does femur-labrum contact occur at the terminal position of impingement? (2) Could range of motion (ROM) during the impingement examination appear decreased in hips with FAI? (3) Does the location of femur-labrum contact coincide with that of minimum bone-to-bone distance? (4) In the patients with FAI, does the location of femur-labrum contact qualitatively correspond to the location of damage observed intraoperatively? METHODS High-speed dual-fluoroscopy images were acquired continuously as the impingement examination was performed. CT arthrogram images of all subjects were segmented to generate three-dimensional (3-D) surfaces for the pelvis, femur, and labrum. Model-based tracking of the fluoroscopy images enabled dynamic kinematic observation of the 3-D surfaces. At the terminal position of the examination, the region of minimal bone-to-bone distance was compared with the estimated location of femur-labrum contact. Each patient with FAI underwent hip arthroscopy; the location of femur-labrum contact was compared qualitatively with damage found during surgery. As an exploratory study, statistics were not performed. RESULTS Femur-labrum contact was observed in both groups, but patterns of contact were subject-specific. At the terminal position of the impingement examination, internal rotation and adduction angles for each of the patients with FAI were less than the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the asymptomatic control subjects. The location of minimum bone-to-bone distance agreed with the region of femur-labrum contact in two of nine hips. The locations of chondrolabral damage identified during surgery qualitatively coincided with the region of femur-labrum contact. CONCLUSIONS Dual-fluoroscopy and model-based tracking provided the ability to assess hip kinematics in vivo during the entire impingement examination. The high variability in observed labrum-femur contact patterns at the terminal position of the examination provides evidence that subtle anatomic features could dictate underlying hip biomechanics. Although femur-labrum contact occurs in asymptomatic and symptomatic hips at the terminal position of the impingement examination, contact may occur at reduced adduction and internal rotation in patients with FAI. Use of minimum bone-to-bone distance may not appropriately identify the region of femur-labrum contact. Additional research, using a larger cohort and appropriate statistical tests, is required to confirm the findings of this exploratory study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Kapron
- />Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Rm A100, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA , />Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Stephen K. Aoki
- />Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Rm A100, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
| | - Christopher L. Peters
- />Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Rm A100, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
| | - Andrew E. Anderson
- />Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Rm A100, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA , />Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA , />Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA , />Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
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Cereatti A, Calderone M, Buckland DM, Buettner A, Della Croce U, Rosso C. In vivo glenohumeral translation under anterior loading in an open-MRI set-up. J Biomech 2014; 47:3771-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dal Maso F, Raison M, Lundberg A, Arndt A, Begon M. Coupling between 3D displacements and rotations at the glenohumeral joint during dynamic tasks in healthy participants. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2014; 29:1048-55. [PMID: 25217235 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glenohumeral displacements assessment would help to design shoulder prostheses with physiological arthrokinematics and to establish more biofidelic musculoskeletal models. Though displacements were documented during static tasks, there is little information on their 3D coupling with glenohumeral angle during dynamic tasks. Our objective was to characterize the 3D glenohumeral displacement-rotation couplings during dynamic arm elevations and rotations. METHODS Glenohumeral displacements were measured from trajectories of reflective markers fitted on intracortical pins inserted into the scapula and humerus. Bone geometry was recorded using CT-scan. Only four participants were recruited to the experiment due to its invasiveness. Participants performed dynamic arm abduction, flexion and axial rotations. Linear regressions were performed between glenohumeral displacements and rotations. The pin of the scapula of one participant moved, his data were removed from analysis, and results are based on three participants. FINDINGS The measurement error of glenohumeral kinematics was less than 0.15mm and 0.2°. Maximum glenohumeral displacements were measured along the longitudinal direction and reached up to +12.4mm for one participant. Significant couplings were reported especially between longitudinal displacement and rotation in abduction (adjusted R(2) up to 0.94). INTERPRETATION The proposed method provides the potential to investigate glenohumeral kinematics during all kinds of movements. A linear increase of upward displacement during dynamic arm elevation was measured, which contrasts with results based on a series of static poses. The systematic investigation of glenohumeral displacements under dynamic condition may help to provide relevant recommendation for the design of shoulder prosthetic components and musculoskeletal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Dal Maso
- Laboratoire de simulation et de modélisation du mouvement, Département de kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, 1700, rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval, QC H7N 0B6, Canada.
| | - Maxime Raison
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, 6079, Succursale, Centre Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | | | - Anton Arndt
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mickaël Begon
- Laboratoire de simulation et de modélisation du mouvement, Département de kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, 1700, rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval, QC H7N 0B6, Canada
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130
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Robustness and reproducibility of a glenoid-centered scapular coordinate system derived from low-dose stereoradiography analysis. J Appl Biomech 2014; 31:56-61. [PMID: 25222968 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2013-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A robust and reproducible scapular coordinate system is necessary to study scapulothoracic kinematics. The coordinate system recommended by the ISB (International Society of Biomechanics) is difficult to apply in studies using medical imaging, which mostly use a glenoid-centered coordinate system. The aim of this study was to assess the robustness of a glenoid-centered coordinate system compared with the ISB coordinate system, and to study the reproducibility of this coordinate system measure during abduction. A Monte-Carlo analysis was performed to test the robustness of the two coordinate systems. This method enabled the variability of the orientation of the coordinate system to be assessed in a laboratory setting. A reproducibility study of the glenoid-centered coordinate system in the thorax reference frame was performed during abduction in the scapular plane using a low-dose stereoradiography system. We showed that the glenoid-centered coordinate system was slightly more robust than the ISB-recommended coordinate system. Most reproducible rotation was upward/downward rotation (x axis) and most reproducible translation was along the Y axis (superior-inferior translation). In conclusion, the glenoid-centered coordinate system can be used with confidence for scapular kinematics analysis. The uncertainty of the measures derived from our technique is acceptable compared with that reported in the literature. Functional quantitative analysis of the scapulothoracic joint is possible with this method.
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131
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Marsh CA, Martin DE, Harner CD, Tashman S. Effect of Posterior Horn Medial Meniscus Root Tear on In Vivo Knee Kinematics. Orthop J Sports Med 2014; 2:2325967114541220. [PMID: 26535342 PMCID: PMC4588528 DOI: 10.1177/2325967114541220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Medial meniscus root tear (MMRT) is a recently recognized yet frequently missed meniscal tear pattern that biomechanically creates an environment approaching meniscal deficiency. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of MMRT on tibiofemoral kinematics and arthrokinematics during daily activities by comparing the injured knees of subjects with isolated MMRT to their uninjured contralateral knees. The hypothesis was that the injured knee will demonstrate significantly more lateral tibial translation and adduction than the uninjured knee, and that the medial compartment will exhibit significantly different arthrokinematics than the lateral compartment in the affected limb. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Seven subjects with isolated MMRT were recruited and volumetric, density-based 3-dimensional models of their distal femurs and proximal tibia were created from computed tomography scans. High-speed, biplane radiographs were obtained of both their affected and unaffected knees. Moving 3-dimensional models of tibiofemoral kinematics were calculated using model-based tracking to assess overall kinematic variables and specific measures of tibiofemoral joint contact. The affected knees of the subjects were then compared to their unaffected contralateral knees. Results: Affected knees demonstrated significantly more lateral tibial translation than the uninjured contralateral limb in all dynamic activities. Additionally, the medial compartment displayed greater amounts of mobility than the lateral compartment in the injured limbs. Conclusion: This study suggests that MMRT causes significant changes in in vivo knee kinematics and arthrokinematics and that the magnitude of these changes is influenced by dynamic task difficulty. Clinical Relevance: Medial meniscus root tears lead to significant changes in joint arthrokinematics, with increased lateral tibial translation and greater medial compartment excursion. With complete root tears, essentially 100% of circumferential fibers are lost. This study will further our knowledge of meniscal deficiency and osteoarthritis and provide a baseline for more common forms of medial meniscal injuries (vertical, horizontal, radial), with various degrees of circumferential fiber function remaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A Marsh
- Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel E Martin
- Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. ; Kaiser Permanente, Napa-Solano, Vacaville, California, USA
| | - Christopher D Harner
- Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott Tashman
- Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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132
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Glenohumeral joint cartilage contact in the healthy adult during scapular plane elevation depression with external humeral rotation. J Biomech 2014; 47:3100-6. [PMID: 25047740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The shoulder (glenohumeral) joint has the greatest range of motion of all human joints; as a result, it is particularly vulnerable to dislocation and injury. The ability to non-invasively quantify in-vivo articular cartilage contact patterns of joints has been and remains a difficult biomechanics problem. As a result, little is known about normal in-vivo glenohumeral joint contact patterns or the consequences that surgery has on altering them. In addition, the effect of quantifying glenohumeral joint contact patterns by means of proximity mapping, both with and without cartilage data, is unknown. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to (1) describe a technique for quantifying in-vivo glenohumeral joint contact patterns during dynamic shoulder motion, (2) quantify normal glenohumeral joint contact patterns in the young healthy adult during scapular plane elevation depression with external humeral rotation, and (3) compare glenohumeral joint contact patterns determined both with and without articular cartilage data. Our results show that the inclusion of articular cartilage data when quantifying in-vivo glenohumeral joint contact patterns has significant effects on the anterior-posterior contact centroid location, the superior-inferior contact centroid range of travel, and the total contact path length. As a result, our technique offers an advantage over glenohumeral joint contact pattern measurement techniques that neglect articular cartilage data. Likewise, this technique may be more sensitive than traditional 6-Degree-of-Freedom (6-DOF) joint kinematics for the assessment of overall glenohumeral joint health. Lastly, for the shoulder motion tested, we found that glenohumeral joint contact was located on the anterior-inferior glenoid surface.
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Anderst WJ, Donaldson WF, Lee JY, Kang JD. Continuous cervical spine kinematics during in vivo dynamic flexion-extension. Spine J 2014; 14:1221-7. [PMID: 24210579 PMCID: PMC4013269 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT A precise and comprehensive definition of "normal" in vivo cervical kinematics does not exist due to high intersubject variability and the absence of midrange kinematic data. In vitro test protocols and finite element models that are validated using only end range of motion data may not accurately reproduce continuous in vivo motion. PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to precisely quantify cervical spine intervertebral kinematics during continuous, functional flexion-extension in asymptomatic subjects. The advantages of assessing continuous intervertebral kinematics were demonstrated by comparing asymptomatic controls with patients with single-level anterior arthrodesis. STUDY DESIGN Cervical spine kinematics were determined during continuous in vivo flexion-extension in a clinically relevant age group of asymptomatic controls and a group of patients with C5-C6 arthrodesis. PATIENT SAMPLE The patient sample consisted of 6 patients with single-level (C5-C6) anterior arthrodesis (average age: 48.8±6.9 years; 1 male, 5 female; 7.6±1.2 months postsurgery) and 18 asymptomatic control subjects of similar age (average age: 45.6±5.8 years; 5 male, 13 female). OUTCOME MEASURES Outcome measures included the physiologic measure of continuous kinematic motion paths at each cervical motion segment (C2-C7) during flexion-extension. METHODS Participants performed flexion-extension while biplane radiographs were collected at 30 images per second. A previously validated tracking process determined three-dimensional vertebral positions with submillimeter accuracy. Continuous flexion-extension rotation and anterior-posterior translation motion paths were adjusted for disc height and static orientation of each corresponding motion segment. RESULTS Intersubject variability in flexion-extension angle was decreased 15% to 46% and intersubject variability in anterior-posterior translation was reduced 14% to 33% after adjusting for disc height and static orientation angle. Average intersubject variability in continuous motion paths was 1.9° in flexion-extension and 0.6 mm in translation. Third-order polynomial equations were determined to precisely describe the continuous flexion-extension and anterior-posterior translation motion path at each motion segment (all R2>0.99). CONCLUSIONS A significant portion of the intersubject variability in cervical kinematics can be explained by the disc height and the static orientation of each motion segment. Clinically relevant information may be gained by assessing intervertebral kinematics during continuous functional movement rather than at static, end range of motion positions. The fidelity of in vitro cervical spine mechanical testing protocols may be evaluated by comparing in vitro kinematics to the continuous motion paths presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Anderst
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA.
| | | | - Joon Y Lee
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
| | - James D Kang
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
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134
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Prinold JAI, Bull AMJ. Scaling and kinematics optimisation of the scapula and thorax in upper limb musculoskeletal models. J Biomech 2014; 47:2813-9. [PMID: 25011621 PMCID: PMC4150986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Accurate representation of individual scapula kinematics and subject geometries is vital in musculoskeletal models applied to upper limb pathology and performance. In applying individual kinematics to a model׳s cadaveric geometry, model constraints are commonly prescriptive. These rely on thorax scaling to effectively define the scapula׳s path but do not consider the area underneath the scapula in scaling, and assume a fixed conoid ligament length. These constraints may not allow continuous solutions or close agreement with directly measured kinematics. A novel method is presented to scale the thorax based on palpated scapula landmarks. The scapula and clavicle kinematics are optimised with the constraint that the scapula medial border does not penetrate the thorax. Conoid ligament length is not used as a constraint. This method is simulated in the UK National Shoulder Model and compared to four other methods, including the standard technique, during three pull-up techniques (n=11). These are high-performance activities covering a large range of motion. Model solutions without substantial jumps in the joint kinematics data were improved from 23% of trials with the standard method, to 100% of trials with the new method. Agreement with measured kinematics was significantly improved (more than 10° closer at p<0.001) when compared to standard methods. The removal of the conoid ligament constraint and the novel thorax scaling correction factor were shown to be key. Separation of the medial border of the scapula from the thorax was large, although this may be physiologically correct due to the high loads and high arm elevation angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe A I Prinold
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anthony M J Bull
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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135
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Chang PY, Yen YS, Wu JC, Huang WC, Tu TH, Fay LY, Cheng H. Hypermobility accelerates adjacent-segment disease after ACDF? J Neurosurg Spine 2014; 21:494-5. [PMID: 24905388 DOI: 10.3171/2014.2.spine14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yuan Chang
- Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Akter M, Lambert AJ, Pickering MR, Scarvell JM, Smith PN. Robust initialisation for single-plane 3D CT to 2D fluoroscopy image registration. COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-IMAGING AND VISUALIZATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/21681163.2014.897649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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137
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Peltz CD, Haladik JA, Hoffman SE, McDonald M, Ramo N, Moutzouros V, Bey MJ. Associations among shoulder strength, glenohumeral joint motion, and clinical outcome after rotator cuff repair. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPEDICS (BELLE MEAD, N.J.) 2014; 43:220-226. [PMID: 24839628 PMCID: PMC8091163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rotator cuff tears are a common condition causing pain and disability, but the relationships among clinical measures of shoulder function and measures of glenohumeral joint (GHJ) function are not well known. In the study reported here, dynamic in vivo GHJ motion was measured during abduction from biplane radiographs in 22 rotator cuff repair (RCR) patients and 36 control subjects. Isometric shoulder strength was measured and clinical outcomes were assessed using the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) Index. Associations among WORC, GHJ motion, and several shoulder strength ratios were assessed with linear regression. An association was detected between higher ER/ABD (external rotation/coronal-plane abduction) strength ratio and a humerus positioned more inferiorly relative to the glenoid in control subjects and RCR patients. Higher ER/ABD strength ratio was also associated with better clinical outcome in RCR patients. These findings suggest a relationship between ER/ABD strength ratio and a more centrally located average superior/inferior contact center in RCR patients and control subjects. The ER/ABD strength ratio can be easily measured in a clinical setting and therefore can be used in larger studies to investigate its relation to clinical outcomes over time or perhaps to predict superior migration of the humeral head.
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138
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Nonrandomized controlled cohort. OBJECTIVE To characterize subaxial cervical facet joint kinematics and facet joint capsule (FJC) deformation during in vivo, dynamic flexion-extension. To assess the effect of single-level anterior arthrodesis on adjacent segment FJC deformation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The cervical facet joint has been identified as the most common source of neck pain, and it is thought to play a role in chronic neck pain related to whiplash injury. Our current knowledge of cervical facet joint kinematics is based on cadaveric mechanical testing. METHODS Fourteen asymptomatic controls and 9 C5-C6 arthrodesis patients performed full range of motion flexion-extension while biplane radiographs were collected at 30 Hz. A volumetric model-based tracking process determined 3-dimensional vertebral position with submillimeter accuracy. FJC fibers were modeled and grouped into anterior, lateral, posterior-lateral, posterior, and posterior-medial regions. FJC fiber deformations (total, shear, and compression-distraction) relative to the static position were determined for each cervical motion segment (C2-C3 through C6-C7) during flexion-extension. RESULTS No significant differences in the rate of fiber deformation in flexion were identified among motion segments (P = 0.159); however, significant differences were observed among fiber regions (P < 0.001). Significant differences in the rate of fiber deformation in extension were identified among motion segments (P < 0.001) and among fiber regions (P = 0.001). The rate of FJC deformation in extension adjacent to the arthrodesis was 45% less than that in corresponding motion segments in control subjects (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION In control subjects, FJC deformations are significantly different among vertebral levels and capsule regions when vertebrae are in an extended orientation. In a flexed orientation, FJC deformations are different only among capsule regions. Single-level anterior arthrodesis is associated with significantly less FJC deformation adjacent to the arthrodesis when the spine is in an extended orientation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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139
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Functional analysis of the rabbit temporomandibular joint using dynamic biplane imaging. J Biomech 2014; 47:1360-7. [PMID: 24594064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic function of the rabbit temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was analyzed through non-invasive, three-dimensional skeletal kinematics, providing essential knowledge for understanding normal joint motion. The objective of this study was to evaluate and determine repeatable measurements of rabbit TMJ kinematics. Maximal distances, as well as paths were traced and analyzed for the incisors and for the condyle-fossa relationship. From one rabbit to another, the rotations and translations of both the incisors and the condyle relative to the fossa contained multiple clear, repeatable patterns. The slope of the superior/inferior incisor distance with respect to the rotation about the transverse axis was repeatable to 0.14 mm/deg and the right/left incisor distance with respect to the rotation about the vertical axis was repeatable to 0.03 mm/deg. The slope of the superior/inferior condylar translation with respect to the rotational movement about the transverse axis showed a consistent relationship to within 0.05 mm/deg. The maximal translations of the incisors and condyles were also consistent within and between rabbits. With an understanding of the normal mechanics of the TMJ, kinematics can be used to compare and understand TMJ injury and degeneration models.
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140
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McDonald CP, Moutzouros V, Bey MJ. Measuring dynamic in-vivo elbow kinematics: description of technique and estimation of accuracy. J Biomech Eng 2014; 134:124502. [PMID: 23363209 DOI: 10.1115/1.4007951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to characterize the translational and rotational accuracy of a model-based tracking technique for quantifying elbow kinematics and to demonstrate its in vivo application. METHOD OF APPROACH The accuracy of a model-based tracking technique for quantifying elbow kinematics was determined in an in vitro experiment. Biplane X-ray images of a cadaveric elbow were acquired as it was manually moved through flexion-extension. The 3D position and orientation of each bone was determined using model-based tracking. For comparison, the position and orientation of each bone was also determined by tracking the position of implanted beads with dynamic radiostereometric analysis. Translations and rotations were calculated for both the ulnohumeral and radiohumeral joints, and compared between measurement techniques. To demonstrate the in vivo application of this technique, biplane X-ray images were acquired as a human subject extended their elbow from full flexion to full extension. RESULTS The in vitro validation demonstrated that the model-based tracking technique is capable of accurately measuring elbow motion, with reported errors averaging less than ±1.0 mm and ±1.0 deg. For the in vivo application, the carrying angle changed from an 8.3 ± 0.5 deg varus position in full flexion to an 8.4 ± 0.5 deg valgus position in full extension. CONCLUSIONS Model-based tracking is an accurate technique for measuring in vivo, 3D, dynamic elbow motion. It is anticipated that this experimental approach will enhance our understanding of elbow motion under normal and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin P McDonald
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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141
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Körver RJP, Senden R, Heyligers IC, Grimm B. Objective outcome evaluation using inertial sensors in subacromial impingement syndrome: a five-year follow-up study. Physiol Meas 2014; 35:677-86. [PMID: 24622109 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/4/677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Shoulder-related dysfunction is the second most common musculoskeletal disorder and is an increasing burden on health-care systems. Commonly used clinical questionnaires suffer from subjectivity, pain dominance and a ceiling effect. Objective functional measurement has been identified as a relevant issue in clinical rehabilitation. Inertia based motion analysis (IMA) is a new generation of objective outcome assessment tool; it can produce objective movement parameters while being fast, cheap and easy to operate. In this prospective study, an inertial sensor comprising a three-dimensional accelerometer and gyroscope is attached at the humerus to measure shoulder movements during two motion tasks in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome at baseline and at five-year after treatment. One hundred healthy subjects served as healthy reference database and 15 patients were measured pre- and post-treatment. IMA was better able to detect improvement in shoulder movements compared to the clinical questionnaires (Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Simple Shoulder Test (SST); p < 0.05) and was hardly correlated with the clinical questionnaires (Pearson R = 0.39). It may therefore add an objective functional dimension to outcome assessment. The fast assessment (t < 5 min) of a simple motion test makes it suitable for routine clinical follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J P Körver
- AHORSE Research Foundation, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Atrium Medical Center Parkstad Heerlen, Henri Dunantstraat 5, 6419 PC Heerlen, The Netherlands
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142
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McDonald CP, Chang V, McDonald M, Ramo N, Bey MJ, Bartol S. Three-dimensional motion analysis of the cervical spine for comparison of anterior cervical decompression and fusion versus artificial disc replacement in 17 patients. J Neurosurg Spine 2014; 20:245-55. [DOI: 10.3171/2013.11.spine13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Object
Cervical arthroplasty with an artificial disc (AD) has emerged as an alternative to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for the management of cervical spondylosis. This study aims to provide 3D motion analysis data comparing patients after ACDF and AD replacement.
Methods
Ten patients who underwent C5–6 ACDF and 7 who underwent C5–6 AD replacement were enrolled. Using biplanar fluoroscopy and a model-based track technique (accurate up to 0.6 mm and 0.6°), motion analysis of axial rotation and flexion-extension of the neck was performed. Three nonoperative segments (C3–4, C4–5, and C6–7) were assessed for both intervertebral rotation (coronal, sagittal, and axial planes) and facet shear (anteroposterior and mediolateral).
Results
There was no difference in total neck motion comparing ACDF and AD replacement for neck extension (43.3° ± 10.2° vs 44.3° ± 12.6°, p = 0.866) and rotation (36.0° ± 6.5° vs 38.2° ± 9.3°, p = 0.576). For extension, when measured as a percentage of total neck motion, there was a greater amount of rotation at the nonoperated segments in the ACDF group than in the AD group (p = 0.003). When comparing specific motion segments, greater normalized rotation was seen in the ACDF group at C3–4 (33.2% ± 4.9% vs 26.8% ± 6.6%, p = 0.036) and C6–7 (28.5% ± 6.7% vs 20.5% ± 5.5%, p = 0.009) but not at C4–5 (33.5% ± 6.4% vs 31.8% ± 4.0%, p = 0.562). For neck rotation, greater rotation was observed at the nonoperative segments in the ACDF group than in the AD group (p = 0.024), but the differences between individual segments did not reach significance (p ≥ 0.146). Increased mediolateral facet shear was seen on neck extension with ACDF versus AD replacement (p = 0.008). Comparing each segment, C3–4 (0.9 ± 0.5 mm vs 0.4 ± 0.1 mm, p = 0.039) and C4–5 (1.0 ± 0.4 mm vs 0.5 ± 0.2 mm, p = 0.022) showed increased shear while C6–7 (1.0 ± 0.4 mm vs 1.0 ± 0.5 mm, p = 0.767) did not.
Conclusions
This study illustrates increased motion at nonoperative segments in patients who have undergone ACDF compared with those who have undergone AD replacement. Further studies will be required to examine whether these changes contribute to adjacent-segment disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin P. McDonald
- 1Department of Orthopedics, Herrick Davis Motion Analysis Laboratory, and
| | - Victor Chang
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michael McDonald
- 1Department of Orthopedics, Herrick Davis Motion Analysis Laboratory, and
| | - Nicole Ramo
- 1Department of Orthopedics, Herrick Davis Motion Analysis Laboratory, and
| | - Michael J. Bey
- 1Department of Orthopedics, Herrick Davis Motion Analysis Laboratory, and
| | - Stephen Bartol
- 1Department of Orthopedics, Herrick Davis Motion Analysis Laboratory, and
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143
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Accuracy and feasibility of dual fluoroscopy and model-based tracking to quantify in vivo hip kinematics during clinical exams. J Appl Biomech 2014; 30:461-70. [PMID: 24584728 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2013-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Accurate measurements of in-vivo hip kinematics may elucidate the mechanisms responsible for impaired function and chondrolabral damage in hips with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). The objectives of this study were to quantify the accuracy and demonstrate the feasibility of using dual fluoroscopy to measure in-vivo hip kinematics during clinical exams used in the assessment of FAI. Steel beads were implanted into the pelvis and femur of two cadavers. Specimens were imaged under dual fluoroscopy during the impingement exam, FABER test, and rotational profile. Bead locations measured with model-based tracking were compared with those measured using dynamic radiostereometric analysis. Error was quantified by bias and precision, defined as the average and standard deviation of the differences between tracking methods, respectively. A normal male volunteer was also imaged during clinical exams. Bias and precision along a single axis did not exceed 0.17 and 0.21 mm, respectively. Comparing kinematics, positional error was less than 0.48 mm and rotational error was less than 0.58°. For the volunteer, kinematics were reported as joint angles and bone-bone distance. These results demonstrate that dual fluoroscopy and model-based tracking can accurately measure hip kinematics in living subjects during clinical exams of the hip.
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144
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Miranda DL, Fadale PD, Hulstyn MJ, Shalvoy RM, Machan JT, Fleming BC. Knee biomechanics during a jump-cut maneuver: effects of sex and ACL surgery. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [PMID: 23190595 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31827bf0e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare kinetic and knee kinematic measurements from male and female anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-intact (ACLINT) and ACL-reconstructed (ACLREC) subjects during a jump-cut maneuver using biplanar videoradiography. METHODS Twenty subjects were recruited; 10 ACLINT (5 men and 5 women) and 10 ACLREC (4 men and 6 women, 5 yr postsurgery). Each subject performed a jump-cut maneuver by landing on a single leg and performing a 45° side-step cut. Ground reaction force (GRF) was measured by a force plate and expressed relative to body weight. Six-degree-of-freedom knee kinematics were determined from a biplanar videoradiography system and an optical motion capture system. RESULTS ACLINT female subjects landed with a larger peak vertical GRF (P < 0.001) compared with ACLINT male subjects. ACLINT subjects landed with a larger peak vertical GRF (P ≤ 0.036) compared with ACLREC subjects. Regardless of ACL reconstruction status, female subjects underwent less knee flexion angle excursion (P = 0.002) and had an increased average rate of anterior tibial translation (0.05%·ms ± 0.01%·ms, P = 0.037) after contact compared with male subjects. Furthermore, ACLREC subjects had a lower rate of anterior tibial translation compared with ACLINT subjects (0.05%·ms ± 0.01%·ms, P = 0.035). Finally, no striking differences were observed in other knee motion parameters. CONCLUSION Women permit a smaller amount of knee flexion angle excursion during a jump-cut maneuver, resulting in a larger peak vertical GRF and increased rate of anterior tibial translation. Notably, ACLREC subjects also perform the jump cut maneuver with lower GRF than ACLINT subjects 5 yr postsurgery. This study proposes a causal sequence whereby increased landing stiffness (larger peak vertical GRF combined with less knee flexion angle excursion) leads to an increased rate of anterior tibial translation while performing a jump-cut maneuver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Miranda
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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145
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Körver RJP, Heyligers IC, Samijo SK, Grimm B. Inertia based functional scoring of the shoulder in clinical practice. Physiol Meas 2014; 35:167-76. [PMID: 24398361 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/2/167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Shoulder-related dysfunction is the second most common musculoskeletal disorder and is responsible for an increasing burden on health-care systems. Commonly used clinical outcome scores suffer from subjectivity, pain dominance and a ceiling effect. Objective functional measurement has been identified as a relevant issue in clinical rehabilitation. In recognition of this goal simple techniques for routine clinical application have been investigated with some success. Inertia based motion analysis (IMA) is a new generation of objective outcome assessment tool; it can produce objective movement parameters while being fast, cheap and easy to operate. This study investigates if a simple IMA shoulder test is suitable as a functional outcome measure for routine clinical follow-up. We measured 100 healthy subjects and 50 patients with confirmed unilateral shoulder pathology. Two motion tasks were performed on both shoulders and two simple motion parameters based on angular rate and acceleration were calculated. Patients were also assessed by the disability of arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) and the simple shoulder test. IMA produced high intra- (ICC = 0.94) and inter-assessor reliability (ICC = 0.90). Asymmetry was >3 times higher in patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.01). Healthy and pathological subjects could be distinguished with high diagnostic sensitivity (>84.0%) and specificity (>81.0%). There was a weak correlation between the IMA shoulder score and the clinical questionnaires (Pearson R < 0.25), as it may add an objective functional dimension to outcome assessment. The fast assessment (t < 5 min) of a simple motion task makes it workable for routine clinical follow-up. The IMA shoulder test adds objective information on functional capacity to the clinical scores and may help the physician in his decision-making, follow-up of treatment, effect of training and possibly lead to the development of new therapeutic interventions.
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146
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Anderst W, Donaldson W, Lee J, Kang J. Cervical disc deformation during flexion-extension in asymptomatic controls and single-level arthrodesis patients. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1881-9. [PMID: 23861160 PMCID: PMC4843113 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize cervical disc deformation in asymptomatic subjects and single-level arthrodesis patients during in vivo functional motion. A validated model-based tracking technique determined vertebral motion from biplane radiographs collected during dynamic flexion-extension. Level-dependent differences in disc compression-distraction and shear deformation were identified within the anterior and posterior annulus (PA) and the nucleus of 20 asymptomatic subjects and 15 arthrodesis patients using a mixed-model statistical analysis. In asymptomatic subjects, disc compression and shear deformation per degree of flexion-extension progressively decreased from C23 to C67. The anterior and PA experienced compression-distraction deformation of up to 20%, while the nucleus region was compressed between 0% (C67) and 12% (C23). Peak shear deformation ranged from 16% (at C67) to 33% (at C45). In the C5-C6 arthrodesis group, C45 discs were significantly less compressed than in the control group in all disc regions (all p ≤ 0.026). In the C6-C7 arthrodesis group, C56 discs were significantly less compressed than the control group in the nucleus (p = 0.023) and PA (p = 0.014), but not the anterior annulus (AA; p = 0.137). These results indicate in vivo disc deformation is level-dependent, and single-level anterior arthrodesis alters the compression-distraction deformation in the disc immediately superior to the arthrodesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Anderst
- Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Pittsburgh, Biodynamics Lab; 3820 South Water Street Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - William Donaldson
- Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Pittsburgh, Biodynamics Lab; 3820 South Water Street Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Joon Lee
- Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Pittsburgh, Biodynamics Lab; 3820 South Water Street Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - James Kang
- Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Pittsburgh, Biodynamics Lab; 3820 South Water Street Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
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Aiyangar AK, Zheng L, Tashman S, Anderst WJ, Zhang X. Capturing Three-Dimensional In Vivo Lumbar Intervertebral Joint Kinematics Using Dynamic Stereo-X-Ray Imaging. J Biomech Eng 2013; 136:011004. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4025793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Availability of accurate three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of lumbar vertebrae is necessary to understand normal and pathological biomechanics of the lumbar spine. Due to the technical challenges of imaging the lumbar spine motion in vivo, it has been difficult to obtain comprehensive, 3D lumbar kinematics during dynamic functional tasks. The present study demonstrates a recently developed technique to acquire true 3D lumbar vertebral kinematics, in vivo, during a functional load-lifting task. The technique uses a high-speed dynamic stereo-radiography (DSX) system coupled with a volumetric model-based bone tracking procedure. Eight asymptomatic male participants performed weight-lifting tasks, while dynamic X-ray images of their lumbar spines were acquired at 30 fps. A custom-designed radiation attenuator reduced the radiation white-out effect and enhanced the image quality. High resolution CT scans of participants' lumbar spines were obtained to create 3D bone models, which were used to track the X-ray images via a volumetric bone tracking procedure. Continuous 3D intervertebral kinematics from the second lumbar vertebra (L2) to the sacrum (S1) were derived. Results revealed motions occurring simultaneously in all the segments. Differences in contributions to overall lumbar motion from individual segments, particularly L2–L3, L3–L4, and L4–L5, were not statistically significant. However, a reduced contribution from the L5–S1 segment was observed. Segmental extension was nominally linear in the middle range (20%–80%) of motion during the lifting task, but exhibited nonlinear behavior at the beginning and end of the motion. L5–S1 extension exhibited the greatest nonlinearity and variability across participants. Substantial AP translations occurred in all segments (5.0 ± 0.3 mm) and exhibited more scatter and deviation from a nominally linear path compared to segmental extension. Maximum out-of-plane rotations (<1.91 deg) and translations (<0.94 mm) were small compared to the dominant motion in the sagittal plane. The demonstrated success in capturing continuous 3D in vivo lumbar intervertebral kinematics during functional tasks affords the possibility to create a baseline data set for evaluating the lumbar spinal function. The technique can be used to address the gaps in knowledge of lumbar kinematics, to improve the accuracy of the kinematic input into biomechanical models, and to support development of new disk replacement designs more closely replicating the natural lumbar biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameet K. Aiyangar
- EMPA (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Research), Mechanical Systems Engineering (Lab 304), Ueberlandstrasse 129, Duebendorf 8400, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 e-mail:
| | - Liying Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Modeling Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 e-mail:
| | - Scott Tashman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Bioengineering, Orthopaedic Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 e-mail:
| | - William J. Anderst
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 e-mail:
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Musculoskeletal Modeling Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 e-mail:
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Leng S, Zhao K, Qu M, An KN, Berger R, McCollough CH. Dynamic CT technique for assessment of wrist joint instabilities. Med Phys 2013; 38 Suppl 1:S50. [PMID: 21978117 DOI: 10.1118/1.3577759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a 4D [three-dimensional (3D) + time] CT technique to capture high spatial and temporal resolution images of wrist joint motion so that dynamic joint instabilities can be detected before the development of static joint instability and onset of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS A cadaveric wrist was mounted onto a custom motion simulator and scanned with a dual source CT scanner during radial-ulnar deviation. A dynamic 4D CT technique was utilized to reconstruct images at 20 equidistant time points from one motion cycle. 3D images of carpal bones were generated using volume rendering techniques (VRT) at each of the 20 time points and then 4D movies were generated to depict the dynamic joint motion. The same cadaveric wrist was also scanned after cutting all portions of the scapholunate interosseus ligament to simulate scapholunate joint instability. Image quality were assessed on an ordinal scale (1-4, 4 being excellent) by three experienced orthopedic surgeons (specialized in hand surgery) by scoring 2D axial images. Dynamic instability was evaluated by the same surgeons by comparing the two 4D movies of joint motion. Finally, dose reduction was investigated using the cadaveric wrist by scanning at different dose levels to determine the lowest radiation dose that did not substantially alter diagnostic image quality. RESULTS The mean image quality scores for dynamic and static CT images were 3.7 and 4.0, respectively. The carpal bones, distal radius and ulna, and joint spaces were clearly delineated in the 3D VRT images, without motion blurring or banding artifacts, at all time points during the motion cycle. Appropriate viewing angles could be interactively selected to view any articulating structure using different 3D processing techniques. The motion of each carpal bone and the relative motion among the carpal bones were easily observed in the 4D movies. Joint instability was correctly and easily detected in the scan performed after the ligament was cut by observing the relative motion between the scaphoid and lunate bones. Diagnostic capability was not sacrificed with a volume CT dose index (CTDI(vol)) as low as 18 mGy for the whole scan, with estimated skin dose of approximately 33 mGy, which is much lower than the threshold for transient skin erythema (2000 mGy). CONCLUSIONS The proposed dynamic 4D CT imaging technique generated high spatial and high temporal resolution images without requiring periodic joint motion. Preliminary results from this cadaveric study demonstrate the feasibility of detecting joint instability using this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Leng
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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149
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Clinical applications of musculoskeletal modelling for the shoulder and upper limb. Med Biol Eng Comput 2013; 51:953-63. [PMID: 23873010 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-013-1099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal models have been developed to estimate internal loading on the human skeleton, which cannot directly be measured in vivo, from external measurements like kinematics and external forces. Such models of the shoulder and upper extremity have been used for a variety of purposes, ranging from understanding basic shoulder biomechanics to assisting in preoperative planning. In this review, we provide an overview of the most commonly used large-scale shoulder and upper extremity models and categorise the applications of these models according to the type of questions their users aimed to answer. We found that the most explored feature of a model is the possibility to predict the effect of a structural adaptation on functional outcome, for instance, to simulate a tendon transfer preoperatively. Recent studies have focused on minimising the mismatch in morphology between the model, often derived from cadaver studies, and the subject that is analysed. However, only a subset of the parameters that describe the model's geometry and, perhaps most importantly, the musculotendon properties can be obtained in vivo. Because most parameters are somehow interrelated, the others should be scaled to prevent inconsistencies in the model's structure, but it is not known exactly how. Although considerable effort is put into adding complexity to models, for example, by making them subject-specific, we have found little evidence of their superiority over current models. The current trend in development towards individualised, more complex models needs to be justified by demonstrating their ability to answer questions that cannot already be answered by existing models.
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150
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Brunkhorst JP, Giphart JE, LaPrade RF, Millett PJ. Coracohumeral Distances and Correlation to Arm Rotation: An In Vivo 3-Dimensional Biplane Fluoroscopy Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2013; 1:2325967113496059. [PMID: 26535235 PMCID: PMC4555485 DOI: 10.1177/2325967113496059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Reduced coracohumeral distances have been reported to be associated with anterior shoulder disorders such as subscapularis tears, biceps tendon injuries, and leading edge supraspinatus tears. Purpose: To determine the variability in coracohumeral distance as a function of arm rotation in healthy male subjects. The null hypothesis was that no differences in coracohumeral distance would exist with respect to arm rotation. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 9 male participants who had full range of motion, strength, and no prior surgery or symptoms in their tested shoulders were enrolled in this institutional review board–approved study. Computed tomography scans of the shoulder were obtained for each subject. A dynamic biplane fluoroscopy system recorded internal and external shoulder rotation with the arm held in the neutral position. Three-dimensional reconstructions of each motion were generated, and the coracohumeral distance and coracoid index (lateral extension of the coracoid) were measured. Results: The mean coracohumeral distance in neutral rotation was 12.7 ± 2.1 mm. A significantly shorter minimum coracohumeral distance of 10.6 ± 1.8 mm was achieved (P = .001) at a mean glenohumeral joint internal rotation angle of 36.6° ± 19.2°. This corresponded to a reduction in coracohumeral distance of 16.4% (range, 6.6%-29.8%). The mean coracoid index was 14.2 ± 6.8 mm. A moderate correlation (R = −0.75) existed between the coracohumeral distance and coracoid index. Conclusion: Coracohumeral distance was reduced during internal rotation. Decreased coracohumeral distance was correlated with larger coracoid indices. Clinical Relevance: This study provides a reference value for coracohumeral distance in the healthy male population. Knowledge of how coracohumeral distance varies over the range of arm internal-external rotation may improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment plan for patients with anterior shoulder pathology, specifically subcoracoid impingement. Imaging of the coracohumeral distance during internal rotation with the hand at approximately midline should be considered to assess patients with anterior shoulder pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Brunkhorst
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - J Erik Giphart
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert F LaPrade
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA. ; The Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Peter J Millett
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA. ; The Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado, USA
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