101
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Alaee M, Nool K, Pasdar M. Plakoglobin restores tumor suppressor activity of p53 R175H mutant by sequestering the oncogenic potential of β-catenin. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1876-1888. [PMID: 29660231 PMCID: PMC5989865 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor/transcription factor p53 is mutated in over 50% of all cancers. Some mutant p53 proteins have not only lost tumor suppressor activities but they also gain oncogenic functions (GOF). One of the most frequently expressed GOF p53 mutants is Arg175His (p53R175H ) with well-documented roles in cancer development and progression. Plakoglobin is a cell adhesion and signaling protein and a paralog of β-catenin. Unlike β-catenin that has oncogenic function through its role in the Wnt pathway, plakoglobin generally acts as a tumor/metastasis suppressor. We have shown that plakoglobin interacted with wild type and a number of p53 mutants in various carcinoma cell lines. Plakoglobin and mutant p53 interacted with the promoter and regulated the expression of several p53 target genes. Furthermore, plakoglobin interactions with p53 mutants restored their tumor suppressor/metastasis activities in vitro. GOF p53 mutants induce accumulation and oncogenic activation of β-catenin. Previously, we showed that one mechanism by which plakoglobin may suppress tumorigenesis is by sequestering β-catenin's oncogenic activity. Here, we examined the effects of p53R175H expression on β-catenin accumulation and transcriptional activation and their modifications by plakoglobin coexpression. We showed that p53R175H expression in plakoglobin null cells increased total and nuclear levels of β-catenin and its transcriptional activity. Coexpression of plakoglobin in these cells promoted β-catenin's proteasomal degradation, and decreased its nuclear levels and transactivation. Wnt/β-catenin targets, c-MYC and S100A4 were upregulated in p53R175H cells and were downregulated when plakoglobin was coexpressed. Plakoglobin-p53R175H cells also showed significant reduction in their migration and invasion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Alaee
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Kristina Nool
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Manijeh Pasdar
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
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102
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p53 and glucose metabolism: an orchestra to be directed in cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2018; 131:75-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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103
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Labatut AE, Mattheolabakis G. Non-viral based miR delivery and recent developments. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 128:82-90. [PMID: 29679644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are promising therapeutic targets or tools for the treatment of numerous diseases, with most prominently, cancer. The inherent capacity of these short nucleic acids to regulate multiple cancer-related pathways simultaneously has prompted strong research on understanding miR functions and their potential use for therapeutic purposes. A key determinant of miR therapeutics' potential for treatment is their delivery. Viral and non-viral vectors attempt to address the major limitations associated with miR delivery, but several hurdles have been identified. Here, we present an overview on the general limitations of miR delivery, and the delivery strategies exploited to overcome them. We provide an introduction on the advantages and disadvantages of viral and non-viral vectors, and we go into detail to analyze the most prominently used non-viral systems. We provide with an update on the most recent research on this topic and we describe the mechanism and limitations of the lipid-, polymer- and inorganic material- based miR delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalise Elizabeth Labatut
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, United States
| | - George Mattheolabakis
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, United States.
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104
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y. Crosstalk Between Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma and the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress During Carcinogenesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:745. [PMID: 29706964 PMCID: PMC5908886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are common and co-substantial pathological processes accompanying, promoting, and even initiating numerous cancers. The canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) generally work in opposition. If one of them is upregulated, the other one is downregulated and vice versa. WNT/β-catenin signaling is upregulated in inflammatory processes and oxidative stress and in many cancers, although there are some exceptions for cancers. The opposite is observed with PPARγ, which is generally downregulated during inflammation and oxidative stress and in many cancers. This helps to explain in part the opposite and unidirectional profile of the canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling and PPARγ in these three frequent and morbid processes that potentiate each other and create a vicious circle. Many intracellular pathways commonly involved downstream will help maintain and amplify inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer. Thus, many WNT/β-catenin target genes such as c-Myc, cyclin D1, and HIF-1α are involved in the development of cancers. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NFκB) can activate many inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, TGF-β, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, MMP, vascular endothelial growth factor, COX2, Bcl2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. These factors are often associated with cancerous processes and may even promote them. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by cellular alterations, stimulate the production of inflammatory factors such as NFκB, signal transducer and activator transcription, activator protein-1, and HIF-α. NFκB inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and therefore activates the canonical WNT pathway. ROS activates the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling in many cancers. PI3K/Akt also inhibits GSK-3β. Many gene mutations of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway giving rise to cancers have been reported (CTNNB1, AXIN, APC). Conversely, a significant reduction in the expression of PPARγ has been observed in many cancers. Moreover, PPARγ agonists promote cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, and apoptosis and reduce inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, invasion, and cell migration. All these complex and opposing interactions between the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ appear to be fairly common in inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
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105
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Zarkou V, Galaras A, Giakountis A, Hatzis P. Crosstalk mechanisms between the WNT signaling pathway and long non-coding RNAs. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:42-53. [PMID: 30159439 PMCID: PMC6096407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway controls a plethora of biological processes throughout animal development and adult life. Because of its fundamental role during animal lifespan, the WNT pathway is subject to strict positive and negative multi-layered regulation, while its aberrant activity causes a wide range of pathologies, including cancer. At present, despite the inroads into the molecules involved in WNT-mediated transcriptional responses, the fine-tuning of WNT pathway activity and the totality of its target genes have not been fully elucidated. Over the past few years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), RNA transcripts longer that 200nt that do not code for proteins, have emerged as significant transcriptional regulators. Recent studies show that lncRNAs can modulate WNT pathway outcome by affecting gene expression through diversified mechanisms, from the transcriptional to post-translational level. In this review, we selectively discuss those lncRNA-mediated mechanisms we believe the most important to WNT pathway modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Zarkou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center ‘Alexander Fleming’, 16672 Vari, Greece
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Galaras
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center ‘Alexander Fleming’, 16672 Vari, Greece
- Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Goudi, Greece
| | - Antonis Giakountis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center ‘Alexander Fleming’, 16672 Vari, Greece
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center ‘Alexander Fleming’, 16672 Vari, Greece
- Corresponding author.
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106
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Ahn SY, Kim NH, Lee K, Cha YH, Yang JH, Cha SY, Cho ES, Lee Y, Cha JS, Cho HS, Jeon Y, Yuk YS, Cho S, No KT, Kim HS, Lee H, Choi J, Yook JI. Niclosamide is a potential therapeutic for familial adenomatosis polyposis by disrupting Axin-GSK3 interaction. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31842-31855. [PMID: 28418862 PMCID: PMC5458252 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, and canonical Wnt signaling tightly controls Snail, a key transcriptional repressor of EMT. While the suppression of canonical Wnt signaling and EMT comprises an attractive therapeutic strategy, molecular targets for small molecules reverting Wnt and EMT have not been widely studied. Meanwhile, the anti-helminthic niclosamide has been identified as a potent inhibitor of many oncogenic signaling pathways although its molecular targets have not yet been clearly identified. In this study, we show that niclosamide directly targets Axin-GSK3 interaction, at least in part, resulting in suppression of Wnt/Snail-mediated EMT. In vitro and in vivo, disruption of Axin-GSK3 complex by niclosamide induces mesenchymal to epithelial reversion at nM concentrations, accompanied with suppression of the tumorigenic potential of colon cancer. Niclosamide treatment successfully attenuates Snail abundance while increasing E-cadherin abundance in xenograft tumor. Notably, oral administration of niclosamide significantly suppressed adenoma formation in an APC-MIN mice model, indicating that niclosamide is an effective therapeutic for familial adenomatosis polyposis (FAP) patients. In this study, we identified a novel target to control the canonical Wnt pathway and Snail-mediated EMT program, and discovered a repositioned therapeutics for FAP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yong Ahn
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyungro Lee
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Department of Systems Biology and Division of Life Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Cha
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - So Young Cha
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Eunae Sandra Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yoonmi Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Cha
- Department of Systems Biology and Division of Life Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology and Division of Life Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeon
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Young-Su Yuk
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Suebean Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Department of Systems Biology and Division of Life Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Jiwon Choi
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
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107
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Hui W, Liu S, Zheng J, Fang Z, Ding Q, Feng C. Nutlin-3a as a novel anticancer agent for adrenocortical carcinoma with CTNNB1 mutation. Cancer Med 2018. [PMID: 29532999 PMCID: PMC5911589 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy, and CTNNB1 is frequently mutated in ACC. Our study aims to screen for effective agents with antineoplastic activity against ACC with CTNNB1 mutation. In‐silico screening of the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database was conducted. Drug sensitivity in cells with CTNNB1 mutation was analyzed and further in vitro and in vivo studies were performed using the compound. Only one compound, Nutlin‐3a, an MDM2 inhibitor, was significantly sensitive in 18 cancer cells with CTNNB1 mutation. Further analysis of the 18 cells revealed no significant efficacy between cells with both CTNNB1 and TP53 mutations indicating concomitant TP53 mutation did not impact on drug efficacy. We verified that Nutlin‐3a inhibited cellular proliferation in ACC cell line NCI‐H295R which harbored CTNNB1 mutation but not in SW13 cells which did not. Nutlin‐3a induced cell apoptosis and G1 cell‐cycle arrest in NCI‐H295R cells. Nutlin‐3a also decreased cellular migration and inhibited epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in terms of EMT index. Nutlin‐3a resulted in decreased β‐catenin level independent of p53 level in NCI‐H295R but not SW13 cells. We also evaluated the effect of Nutlin‐3a on hormonal secretion of NCI‐H295R cells and found it resulted in decreased levels of cortisol, androgen, and progesterone. Nutlin‐3a treatment inhibited ACC tumor growth with no observed toxicity in mice in vivo. Our study has revealed that Nutlin‐3a potently inhibits ACC with CTNNB1 mutation. How p53/MDM2 axis coordinates with Wnt/beta‐Catenin signaling in ACC warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hui
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shenghua Liu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zujun Fang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chenchen Feng
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Shanghai, 200040, China
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108
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De Gregorio R, Pulcrano S, De Sanctis C, Volpicelli F, Guatteo E, von Oerthel L, Latagliata EC, Esposito R, Piscitelli RM, Perrone-Capano C, Costa V, Greco D, Puglisi-Allegra S, Smidt MP, di Porzio U, Caiazzo M, Mercuri NB, Li M, Bellenchi GC. miR-34b/c Regulates Wnt1 and Enhances Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neuron Differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2018. [PMID: 29526736 PMCID: PMC5998209 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of dopaminergic neurons requires concerted action of morphogens and transcription factors acting in a precise and well-defined time window. Very little is known about the potential role of microRNA in these events. By performing a microRNA-mRNA paired microarray screening, we identified miR-34b/c among the most upregulated microRNAs during dopaminergic differentiation. Interestingly, miR-34b/c modulates Wnt1 expression, promotes cell cycle exit, and induces dopaminergic differentiation. When combined with transcription factors ASCL1 and NURR1, miR-34b/c doubled the yield of transdifferentiated fibroblasts into dopaminergic neurons. Induced dopaminergic (iDA) cells synthesize dopamine and show spontaneous electrical activity, reversibly blocked by tetrodotoxin, consistent with the electrophysiological properties featured by brain dopaminergic neurons. Our findings point to a role for miR-34b/c in neuronal commitment and highlight the potential of exploiting its synergy with key transcription factors in enhancing in vitro generation of dopaminergic neurons. miR-34b/c is enriched in Pitx3-GFP+ mDA neurons miR-34b/c targets Wnt1-3′ UTR miR-34b/c is expressed during dopaminergic differentiation of mESCs miR-34b/c enhances fibroblast transdifferentiation into functional iDA neurons
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Gregorio
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pulcrano
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; Deparment of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia De Sanctis
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; Neuromed IRCCS, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Floriana Volpicelli
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; Deparment of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ezia Guatteo
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy; Parthenope University, Department of Motor Science and Wellness, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Lars von Oerthel
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Roberta Esposito
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Piscitelli
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy; Parthenope University, Department of Motor Science and Wellness, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Perrone-Capano
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; Deparment of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Greco
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Marten P Smidt
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Umberto di Porzio
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caiazzo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy; University of Tor Vergata, Department of Systems Medicine, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Meng Li
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine and School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Gian Carlo Bellenchi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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109
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Gene Manipulation with Micro RNAs at Single-Human Cancer Cell. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 29435936 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7601-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs processed from longer precursor RNA transcripts that can fold back on themselves to form Watson-Crick paired hairpin structures. Once processed from the longer molecule, the small RNA is much too short to code for proteins but can play other very important roles, like gene regulation. The phenomenon of RNA interference was initially observed by Napoli and Jorgensen in transgenic petunia flowers, where gene suppression was observed after introducing a transgene of chalcone synthase (CHS) belonging to the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. miRNAs were first discovered for their roles in development but it has quickly become evident that they have causal roles in cancer as well. miRNA can also be used to manipulate genes for the investigation of carcinogenesis. Single-cell transcriptome profiling studies in our laboratory suggest that carcinogenesis often is the result of the malfunction of multiple members of a molecular pathway. Here, we describe a protocol to manipulate multiple cancer-related genes in a single human cell to investigate how multiple genes interact during carcinogenesis.
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110
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Wang L, Zhao Y, Wu Q, Guan Y, Wu X. Therapeutic effects of β-elemene via attenuation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4299-4306. [PMID: 29363722 PMCID: PMC5802201 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Concurrent radio chemotherapy treatment prolongs the survival rate of patients with advanced cervical cancer; however, it has adverse side-effects. β-elemene, an active component of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Curcuma zedoaria, is a promising alternative therapeutic drug for the treatment of advanced cervical cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor effects of β-elemene in human cervical cancer SiHa cells and to determine its underlying therapeutic molecular mechanisms. Cell viability, cell cycle progression and apoptosis were detected using an MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, the levels of cell migration and cell invasion were investigated using Transwell and wound healing assays. The expression levels of Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (P15), Cyclin D1, cellular tumor antigen p53, apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (Bcl-2), apoptosis regulator BAX (Bax), 72 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), β-catenin, transcription factor 7 (TCF7), and Myc proto-oncogene protein (c-Myc) were analyzed via western blotting. The results revealed that β-elemene inhibited the proliferation of SiHa cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. Administration of β-elemene induced G1 phase cell-cycle arrest, as demonstrated by the upregulation of P15 expression and the downregulation of Cyclin D1 expression. Furthermore, the present study revealed that β-elemene induced apoptosis in SiHa cells by enhancing the expression of p53 and Bax, and suppressing the expression of Bcl-2. In addition, treatment with β-elemene inhibited cell migration and invasion via downregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels. Western blotting demonstrated that β-elemene reduced the expression levels of β-catenin and its downstream target molecule TCF7, thus resulting in reduced levels of their target proteins, including c-Myc, Cyclin D1, Bax and MMP-2 in cervical cancer cells. The results of the present study suggested that β-elemene may inhibit cell proliferation and invasion, in addition to inducing apoptosis, via attenuation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Yifu Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
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111
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Wils LJ, Bijlsma MF. Epigenetic regulation of the Hedgehog and Wnt pathways in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 121:23-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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112
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Strubberg AM, Madison BB. MicroRNAs in the etiology of colorectal cancer: pathways and clinical implications. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:197-214. [PMID: 28250048 PMCID: PMC5374322 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded RNAs that repress mRNA translation
and trigger mRNA degradation. Of the ∼1900 miRNA-encoding genes present
in the human genome, ∼250 miRNAs are reported to have changes in
abundance or altered functions in colorectal cancer. Thousands of studies have
documented aberrant miRNA levels in colorectal cancer, with some miRNAs reported
to actively regulate tumorigenesis. A recurrent phenomenon with miRNAs is their
frequent participation in feedback loops, which probably serve to reinforce or
magnify biological outcomes to manifest a particular cellular phenotype. Here,
we review the roles of oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs), tumor suppressive miRNAs
(anti-oncomiRs) and miRNA regulators in colorectal cancer. Given their stability
in patient-derived samples and ease of detection with standard and novel
techniques, we also discuss the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers in the
diagnosis of colorectal cancer and as prognostic indicators of this disease.
MiRNAs also represent attractive candidates for targeted therapies because their
function can be manipulated through the use of synthetic antagonists and miRNA
mimics. Summary: This Review provides an overview of some important
microRNAs and their roles in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee M Strubberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Blair B Madison
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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113
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Fang C, Qiu S, Sun F, Li W, Wang Z, Yue B, Wu X, Yan D. Long non-coding RNA HNF1A-AS1 mediated repression of miR-34a/SIRT1/p53 feedback loop promotes the metastatic progression of colon cancer by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA. Cancer Lett 2017; 410:50-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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114
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Jefferies MT, Cox AC, Shorning BY, Meniel V, Griffiths D, Kynaston HG, Smalley MJ, Clarke AR. PTEN loss and activation of K-RAS and β-catenin cooperate to accelerate prostate tumourigenesis. J Pathol 2017; 243:442-456. [PMID: 29134654 PMCID: PMC6128396 DOI: 10.1002/path.4977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and WNT signalling are emerging as key events in the multistep nature of prostate tumourigenesis and progression. Here, we report a compound prostate cancer murine model in which these signalling pathways cooperate to produce a more aggressive prostate cancer phenotype. Using Cre-LoxP technology and the probasin promoter, we combined the loss of Pten (Ptenfl/fl ), to activate the PI3K signalling pathway, with either dominant stabilized β-catenin [Catnb+/lox(ex3) ] or activated K-RAS (K-Ras+/V12 ) to aberrantly activate WNT and MAPK signalling, respectively. Synchronous activation of all three pathways (triple mutants) significantly reduced survival (median 96 days) as compared with double mutants [median: 140 days for Catnb+/lox(ex3) Ptenfl/fl ; 182 days for Catnb+/lox(ex3) K-Ras+/V12 ; 238 days for Ptenfl/fl K-Ras+/V12 ], and single mutants [median: 383 days for Catnb+/lox(ex3) ; 407 days for Ptenfl/fl ], reflecting the accelerated tumourigenesis. Tumours followed a stepwise progression from mouse prostate intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive adenocarcinoma, similar to that seen in human disease. There was significantly elevated cellular proliferation, tumour growth and percentage of invasive adenocarcinoma in triple mutants as compared with double mutants and single mutants. Triple mutants showed not only activated AKT, extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2, and nuclear β-catenin, but also significantly elevated signalling through mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). In summary, we show that combined deregulation of the PI3K, MAPK and WNT signalling pathways drives rapid progression of prostate tumourigenesis, and that deregulation of all three pathways results in tumours showing aberrant mTORC1 signalling. As mTORC1 signalling is emerging as a key driver of androgen deprivation therapy resistance, our findings are important for understanding the biology of therapy-resistant prostate cancer and identifying potential approaches to overcome this. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Jefferies
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Adam C. Cox
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK
- Department of Urology, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - Boris Y. Shorning
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Valerie Meniel
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - David Griffiths
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Howard G. Kynaston
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff
| | - Matthew J. Smalley
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Alan R. Clarke
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK
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115
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Abstract
The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, an important modulator of progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, is highly regulated for the maintenance of critical biological homeostasis. Decades of studies in cancer genetics and genomics have demonstrated that multiple genes encoding key proteins in this signaling pathway serve as targets for recurrent mutational alterations. Among these proteins, β-catenin and adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC) are two key nodes. β-catenin contributes in transporting extracellular signals for nuclear programming. Mutations of the CTNNB1 gene that encodes β-catenin occur in a wide spectrum of cancers. These mutations alter the spatial characteristics of the β-catenin protein, leading to drastic reprogramming of the nuclear transcriptional network. Among the outcomes of this reprogramming are increased cell proliferation, enhanced immunosuppression, and disruption of metabolic regulation. Herein we review the current understanding of CTNNB1 mutations, their roles in tumorigenesis and discuss their possible therapeutic implications for cancer.
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116
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Victoria B, Nunez Lopez YO, Masternak MM. MicroRNAs and the metabolic hallmarks of aging. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:131-147. [PMID: 28062199 PMCID: PMC5724961 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging, the natural process of growing older, is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological homeostasis at the cellular, tissue, and organismal level. Metabolically, the aging process is characterized by extensive changes in body composition, multi-tissue/multi-organ insulin resistance, and physiological declines in multiple signaling pathways including growth hormone, insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1, and sex steroids regulation. With this review, we intend to consolidate published information about microRNAs that regulate critical metabolic processes relevant to aging. In certain occasions we uncover relationships likely relevant to aging, which has not been directly described before, such as the miR-451/AMPK axis. We have also included a provocative section highlighting the potential role in aging of a new designation of miRNAs, namely fecal miRNAs, recently discovered to regulate intestinal microbiota in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Victoria
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd., Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
| | - Yury O Nunez Lopez
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism & Diabetes. Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton St, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
| | - Michal M Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd., Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St., 61-866, Poznan, Poland.
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117
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Bai C, Gao Y, Zhang X, Yang W, Guan W. MicroRNA-34c acts as a bidirectional switch in the maturation of insulin-producing cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106844-106857. [PMID: 29290993 PMCID: PMC5739778 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs regulate insulin secretion, pancreatic development, and beta-cell differentiation. However, their function in the differentiation of IPCs from MSCs is poorly understood. In this study, to screen for miRNAs and their targets that function during the formation of IPCs from MSCs, we examined the miRNA expression profiles of MSCs and IPCs using RNA-seq and qPCR to confirm the above results. We found that miR-34c exhibited transient upregulation at an early stage of the formation of IPCs derived from MSCs. Next, we analyzed the biological function of miR-34c by predicting its targets using bioinformatic tools. Combining our data with those from previous reports, we found that miR-34c and its targets play an important role in the formation of IPCs. Therefore, we overexpressed miR-34c and expressed small interfering RNAs of its targets in MSCs to investigate their functions in IPC formation. We found that miR-34c acts as a bidirectional switch in the formation of IPCs derived from MSCs by regulating the expression of targets to affect insulin synthesis and secretion. miR-34c was shown to downregulate its targets, including PDE7B, PDGFRA, and MAP2K1, to increase proinsulin synthesis, but when miR-34c continually dysregulated such expression, it suppressed the expression of other targets, namely ACSL4 and SAR1A, weakening insulin secretion in IPCs. These results suggest that endogenous miRNAs involved in the formation of IPCs from stem cells should be considered in the development of effective cell transplant therapy for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, PR China.,Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yuhua Gao
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, PR China.,Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, PR China
| | - Wancai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, PR China.,Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Weijun Guan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
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118
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microRNAs as cancer therapeutics: A step closer to clinical application. Cancer Lett 2017; 407:113-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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119
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Huang WY, Lai SF, Chiu HY, Chang M, Plikus MV, Chan CC, Chen YT, Tsao PN, Yang TL, Lee HS, Chi P, Lin SJ. Mobilizing Transit-Amplifying Cell-Derived Ectopic Progenitors Prevents Hair Loss from Chemotherapy or Radiation Therapy. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6083-6096. [PMID: 28939680 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxicity-induced hair loss from chemotherapy and radiotherapy is often encountered in cancer treatment, and there is a lack of effective treatment. In growing hair follicles (HF), quiescent stem cells (SC) are maintained in the bulge region, and hair bulbs at the base contain rapidly dividing, yet genotoxicity-sensitive transit-amplifying cells (TAC) that maintain hair growth. How genotoxicity-induced HF injury is repaired remains unclear. We report here that HFs mobilize ectopic progenitors from distinct TAC compartments for regeneration in adaptation to the severity of dystrophy induced by ionizing radiation (IR). Specifically, after low-dose IR, keratin 5+ basal hair bulb progenitors, rather than bulge SCs, were quickly activated to replenish matrix cells and regenerated all concentric layers of HFs, demonstrating their plasticity. After high-dose IR, when both matrix and hair bulb cells were depleted, the surviving outer root sheath cells rapidly acquired an SC-like state and fueled HF regeneration. Their progeny then homed back to SC niche and supported new cycles of HF growth. We also revealed that IR induced HF dystrophy and hair loss and suppressed WNT signaling in a p53- and dose-dependent manner. Augmenting WNT signaling attenuated the suppressive effect of p53 and enhanced ectopic progenitor proliferation after genotoxic injury, thereby preventing both IR- and cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia. Hence, targeted activation of TAC-derived progenitor cells, rather than quiescent bulge SCs, for anagen HF repair can be a potential approach to prevent hair loss from chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6083-96. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yen Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Fan Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Hsin-Chu Branch, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu City, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Chang
- Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center and Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Chih-Chieh Chan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Tzung Chen
- Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Nien Tsao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Yang
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Shu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peter Chi
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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120
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McCubrey JA, Fitzgerald TL, Yang LV, Lertpiriyapong K, Steelman LS, Abrams SL, Montalto G, Cervello M, Neri LM, Cocco L, Martelli AM, Laidler P, Dulińska-Litewka J, Rakus D, Gizak A, Nicoletti F, Falzone L, Candido S, Libra M. Roles of GSK-3 and microRNAs on epithelial mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14221-14250. [PMID: 27999207 PMCID: PMC5355173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various signaling pathways exert critical roles in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). The Wnt/beta-catenin, PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, hedgehog (Hh), Notch and TP53 pathways elicit essential regulatory influences on cancer initiation, EMT and progression. A common kinase involved in all these pathways is moon-lighting kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). These pathways are also regulated by micro-RNAs (miRs). TP53 and components of these pathways can regulate the expression of miRs. Targeting members of these pathways may improve cancer therapy in those malignancies that display their abnormal regulation. This review will discuss the interactions of the multi-functional GSK-3 enzyme in the Wnt/beta-catenin, PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, Hh, Notch and TP53 pathways. The regulation of these pathways by miRs and their effects on CSC generation, EMT, invasion and metastasis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Timothy L Fitzgerald
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Li V Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Section, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Stephen L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piotr Laidler
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - Oncological, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - Oncological, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - Oncological, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - Oncological, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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121
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Shen P, Pichler M, Chen M, Calin GA, Ling H. To Wnt or Lose: The Missing Non-Coding Linc in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18092003. [PMID: 28930145 PMCID: PMC5618652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18092003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer and one of the leading causes for cancer-related mortality. Aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling is an essential initiating factor in colon carcinogenesis, and a driving force of CRC progression. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as significant players in CRC pathogenesis through diversified mechanisms. Although both Wnt signaling and lncRNAs represent interesting research areas for CRC, an effort of directly connecting these two areas is lacking. To fill in the knowledge gap, we focus on the reported findings of lncRNAs that regulate Wnt signaling or essential Wnt signaling targets. These include several newly discovered lncRNAs originated from the amplified cancer-associated chromosome 8q24 region that surrounds the essential Wnt target MYC gene, lncRNAs reported to be involved in CRC stem cells, and several individual lncRNAs connected to Wnt signaling through other mechanisms. This review will provide essential information that assists in understanding the missing link of lncRNAs to the classical Wnt signaling in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- The Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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122
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Rapp J, Jaromi L, Kvell K, Miskei G, Pongracz JE. WNT signaling - lung cancer is no exception. Respir Res 2017; 18:167. [PMID: 28870231 PMCID: PMC5584342 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0650-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the initial discovery of the oncogenic activity of WNT ligands our understanding of the complex roles for WNT signaling pathways in lung cancers has increased substantially. In the current review, the various effects of activation and inhibition of the WNT signaling pathways are summarized in the context of lung carcinogenesis. Recent evidence regarding WNT ligand transport mechanisms, the role of WNT signaling in lung cancer angiogenesis and drug transporter regulation and the importance of microRNA and posttranscriptional regulation of WNT signaling are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Rapp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Luca Jaromi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Kvell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Miskei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Judit E. Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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123
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Cordeiro YG, Xavier PLP, Rochetti AL, Alexandre PA, Mori CMC, Strefezzi RF, Fukumasu H. Transcriptomic profile reveals molecular events associated to focal adhesion and invasion in canine mammary gland tumour cell lines. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:E89-E98. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. G. Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - P. L. P. Xavier
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - A. L. Rochetti
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - P. A. Alexandre
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - C. M. C. Mori
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - R. F. Strefezzi
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - H. Fukumasu
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
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124
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Coding and small non-coding transcriptional landscape of tuberous sclerosis complex cortical tubers: implications for pathophysiology and treatment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8089. [PMID: 28808237 PMCID: PMC5556011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disorder that results from a mutation in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes leading to constitutive activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). TSC is associated with autism, intellectual disability and severe epilepsy. Cortical tubers are believed to represent the neuropathological substrates of these disabling manifestations in TSC. In the presented study we used high-throughput RNA sequencing in combination with systems-based computational approaches to investigate the complexity of the TSC molecular network. Overall we detected 438 differentially expressed genes and 991 differentially expressed small non-coding RNAs in cortical tubers compared to autopsy control brain tissue. We observed increased expression of genes associated with inflammatory, innate and adaptive immune responses. In contrast, we observed a down-regulation of genes associated with neurogenesis and glutamate receptor signaling. MicroRNAs represented the largest class of over-expressed small non-coding RNA species in tubers. In particular, our analysis revealed that the miR-34 family (including miR-34a, miR-34b and miR-34c) was significantly over-expressed. Functional studies demonstrated the ability of miR-34b to modulate neurite outgrowth in mouse primary hippocampal neuronal cultures. This study provides new insights into the TSC transcriptomic network along with the identification of potential new treatment targets.
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125
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Rodriguez-Blanco J, Pednekar L, Penas C, Li B, Martin V, Long J, Lee E, Weiss WA, Rodriguez C, Mehrdad N, Nguyen DM, Ayad NG, Rai P, Capobianco AJ, Robbins DJ. Inhibition of WNT signaling attenuates self-renewal of SHH-subgroup medulloblastoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:6306-6314. [PMID: 28714964 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The SMOOTHENED inhibitor vismodegib is FDA approved for advanced basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and shows promise in clinical trials for SONIC HEDGEHOG (SHH)-subgroup medulloblastoma (MB) patients. Clinical experience with BCC patients shows that continuous exposure to vismodegib is necessary to prevent tumor recurrence, suggesting the existence of a vismodegib-resistant reservoir of tumor-propagating cells. We isolated such tumor-propagating cells from a mouse model of SHH-subgroup MB and grew them as sphere cultures. These cultures were enriched for the MB progenitor marker SOX2 and formed tumors in vivo. Moreover, while their ability to self-renew was resistant to SHH inhibitors, as has been previously suggested, this self-renewal was instead WNT-dependent. We show here that loss of Trp53 activates canonical WNT signaling in these SOX2-enriched cultures. Importantly, a small molecule WNT inhibitor was able to reduce the propagation and growth of SHH-subgroup MB in vivo, in an on-target manner, leading to increased survival. Our results imply that the tumor-propagating cells driving the growth of bulk SHH-dependent MB are themselves WNT dependent. Further, our data suggest combination therapy with WNT and SHH inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy in patients with SHH-subgroup MB, in order to decrease the tumor recurrence commonly observed in patients treated with vismodegib.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rodriguez-Blanco
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - L Pednekar
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - C Penas
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - B Li
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - V Martin
- Morphology and Cell Biology Department, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - J Long
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - E Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W A Weiss
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Rodriguez
- Morphology and Cell Biology Department, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - N Mehrdad
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - D M Nguyen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - N G Ayad
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - P Rai
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A J Capobianco
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - D J Robbins
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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126
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Abu El Maaty MA, Strassburger W, Qaiser T, Dabiri Y, Wölfl S. Differences in p53 status significantly influence the cellular response and cell survival to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-metformin cotreatment in colorectal cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2486-2498. [PMID: 28618116 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the tumor suppressor p53 are highly prevalent in cancers and are known to influence the sensitivity of cells to various chemotherapeutics including the anti-cancer candidates 1,25-dihydrovitamin D3 [1,25D3] and metformin. Previous studies have demonstrated additive/synergistic anti-cancer effects of the 1,25D3-metformin combination in different models, however, the influence of p53 status on the efficacy of this regimen has not been investigated. The CRC colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines HCT116 wild-type (wt), HCT116 p53-/-, and HT-29 (mutant; R273H) were employed, covering three different p53 variations. Synergistic effects of the combination were confirmed in all cell lines using MTT assay. Detailed evaluation of the combination's effects was performed, including on-line measurements of cellular metabolism (glycolysis/respiration) using a biosensor chip system, analyses of mitochondrial activity (membrane potential and ATP/ROS production), mRNA expression analysis of WNT/β-catenin pathway players, and a comprehensive proteomic screen using immunoblotting and ELISA microarrays. AMPK signaling was found to be more strongly induced in response to all treatments in HCT116 wt cells compared to other cell lines, an observation that was coupled to a stronger accumulation of intracellular ROS in response to metformin/combination, and finally an induction in autophagy, depicted by an increase in LC3II:LC3I ratio in combination-treated cells compared to mono-treatments. An induction in apoptotic signaling was observed in the other cell lines in response to the combination, illustrated by a decrease in expression of pro-survival Bcl2 family members. P53 status impacts cellular responses to the combination but does not hamper its anti-proliferative synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abu El Maaty
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wendy Strassburger
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tooba Qaiser
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yasamin Dabiri
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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127
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Chen YX, Zhu DY, Yin JH, Yin WJ, Zhang YL, Ding H, Yu XW, Mei J, Gao YS, Zhang CQ. The protective effect of PFTα on alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100691-100707. [PMID: 29246013 PMCID: PMC5725055 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have shown alcohol plays a pivotal role in the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). The aim of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism of alcohol-induced ONFH and the protective effect of pifithrin-α (PFTα). In vitro, we found ethanol treatment significantly activated p53, suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inhibited osteogenic-related proteins. Furthermore, by separating the cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins, we found ethanol inhibited osteogenesis by impairing the accumulation of β-catenin in both the cytoplasm and nucleus in human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), which resulted from activating glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Therefore, PFTα, a p53 inhibitor, was introduced in this study to block the ethanol-triggered activation of p53 in hBMSCs and alcohol-induced ONFH in a rat model. In vivo, we established alcohol-induced ONFH in rats and investigated the protective effect of PFTα. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining combined with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining, and micro-CT images revealed substantial ONFH in the alcohol-administered rats, whereas significantly less osteonecrosis developed in the rats injected with PFTα. Osteogenic-related proteins, including osteocalcin, osteopontin and collagen I, were significantly decreased in the alcohol-administered rats, whereas these results were reversed in the PFTα-injected rats. Fluorochrome labeling similarly showed that alcohol significantly reduced the osteogenic activity in the rat femoral head, which was blocked by the injection of PFTα. In conclusion, PFTα had an antagonistic effect against the effects of ethanol on hBMSCs and could be a clinical strategy to prevent the development of alcohol-induced ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Dao-Yu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jun-Hui Yin
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yue-Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiong Mei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - You-Shui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai 200233, China
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128
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Jafari N, Abediankenari S. MicroRNA-34 dysregulation in gastric cancer and gastric cancer stem cell. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317701652. [PMID: 28468587 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317701652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with a low survival rate for patients with advanced forms of the disease. Over the recent decades, the investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of tumourigenesis has opened promising avenues to understand some of the complexities of cancer treatment. However, tumour regeneration and metastasis impose great difficulty for gastric cancer cure. In recent years, cancer stem cells - a small subset of tumour cells in many cancers - have become a major focus of cancer research. Cancer stem cells are capable of self-renewal and are known to be responsible for tumour initiation, metastasis, therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. Recent studies have revealed the key role of microRNAs - small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression - in these processes. MicroRNAs play crucial roles in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes in a post-transcriptional manner, though their expression is dysregulated in most malignancies, including gastric cancer. In this article, we review the consequences of aberrant expression of microRNA-34 in cancer and cancer stem cells, with a specific focus on the miR-34 dysregulation in gastric cancer and gastric cancer stem cells. We address the critical effects of the aberrant expression of miR-34 and its target genes in maintaining cancer stem cell properties. Information collection and discussion about the advancements in gastric cancer stem cells and microRNAs can be useful for providing novel insights into patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Jafari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeid Abediankenari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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129
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Hao Y, Zhang Z, Han D, Cao Y, Zhou P, Wei Z, Lv M, Chen D. Gene expression profiling of human blastocysts from in vivo and 'rescue IVM' with or without melatonin treatment. Mol Med Rep 2017. [PMID: 28627630 PMCID: PMC5561793 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of melatonin supplementation in maturation medium for human 'rescue IVM' and investigate differences in transcriptomic profile of blastocysts developed from oocytes matured in vitro with/without melatonin treatment and in vivo, a total of 314 GV oocytes and 320 MI oocytes were collected from 200 patients younger than 35 years old undergoing ICSI cycle. The oocytes were randomly distributed in the control group (no melatonin) and four other groups of varying melatonin concentrations (10‑11, 10‑9, 10‑7, 10‑5 mol/l). Gene profiling was performed on blastocysts developed from in vivo maturation oocytes (in vivo group), and in vitro maturation (IVM) oocytes with an optimal concentration of melatonin treatment (IVM‑anti group) or without melatonin (IVM group). The ratio of high quality blastocysts was significantly higher in the groups treated with 10‑5 mol/l melatonin compared with others groups. The large‑scale analysis of the transcriptome revealed significant differences in mRNA expression levels. In each group, nine blastocysts were selected for gene expression profiling. The differentially expressed genes were involved in cysteine and methionine metabolism, regulation of apoptotic process, mineral absorption, steroid hormone biosynthesis, Wnt signaling, p53 signaling pathway and other functions. The findings indicated that the IVM procedure may potentially affect DNA methylation and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Exogenous melatonin positively influenced quality of blastocysts, which may be mediated via upregulation of p53 signaling and correcting DNA methylation changes caused by 'rescue IVM'. However, this study reflected what was generally referred to as 'rescue IVM' and was not a true reflection of clinical IVM techniques. Therefore, melatonin required further investigation as a promising supplement for use in IVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhaolian Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Mingrong Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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130
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Regulatory miRNAs in Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040890. [PMID: 28441730 PMCID: PMC5412469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies and is the second-leading cause of cancer-related death world-wide, which is linked to genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, and oncogenic signaling activation. MicroRNAs, one of the categories of epigenetics, have been demonstrated significant roles in carcinogenesis and progression through regulating of oncogenic signaling pathways, stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. This review summarizes the roles of microRNAs in the regulating of Wnt, Ras, TGF-β, and inflammatory signaling pathways, stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, for carcinogenesis and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Improving our understanding of the mechanisms of regulatory interactions of microRNAs with signaling pathways in colorectal cancer formation and progression will aid in determining the genes responsible for colorectal cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and recurrence and, finally, in developing personalized approaches for cancer prevention and therapy.
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131
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Meng X, Cui J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li D, Hai Y, Du H. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 interacts with microRNA-34a to promote chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:1774-1782. [PMID: 28469782 PMCID: PMC5411925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 09/28/2022]
Abstract
The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) shows potential in degenerative disc disease (DDD) treatment. However, little is known about the function of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) in modulating the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. This study aimed to investigate the role of hnRNPA1 in the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and potential mechanisms. Mouse MSCs C3H10 and chondrogenic ATDC5 cells were used to quantify hnRNPA1 expression. The hnRNPA1 overexpression vectors were transfected into C3H10 cells, cell viability and chondrogenic factors expressions were assessed by MTT assay, qPCR and Western blot, respectively. After microRNA-34a (miR-34a) inhibitor transfection, expressions of chondrogenic factors and the Wnt signaling were detected. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) was performed to reveal the interaction between hnRNPA1 and miR-34a. Results showed that hnRNPA1 was significantly down-regulated in C3H10 compared to ATDC5.Overexpression of hnRNPA1 markedly promoted C3H10 cell viability and expressions of chondrogenic factors SRY-box 9 (SOX9), collagen II, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) and aggrecan, without significant influence on adipogenic factors. miR-34a inhibitor suppressed chondrogenic factors expressions. RIP results showed the interaction between miR-34a and hnRNPA1. Besides, hnRNPA1 promoted expressions of Wnt family member 3A (WNT3A), WNT5A and β-catenin, and these effects were abrogated by miR-34a inhibitor. We fund the promotive effect of hnRNPA1 on chondrogenic factors, which might require the interaction with miR-34a and the regulation of the Wnt signaling. Thus hnRNPA1 might induce the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs that facilitate the MSC therapy for DDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Meng
- Department of Orthopedic, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020, China
| | - Jiawen Cui
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020, China
| | - Xinuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020, China
| | - Dongyue Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020, China
| | - Yong Hai
- Department of Orthopedic, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083, China
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132
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Indersie E, Lesjean S, Hooks KB, Sagliocco F, Ernault T, Cairo S, Merched-Sauvage M, Rullier A, Le Bail B, Taque S, Grotzer M, Branchereau S, Guettier C, Fabre M, Brugières L, Hagedorn M, Buendia MA, Grosset CF. MicroRNA therapy inhibits hepatoblastoma growth in vivo by targeting β-catenin and Wnt signaling. Hepatol Commun 2017; 1:168-183. [PMID: 29404451 PMCID: PMC5721429 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HBL) is the most common pediatric liver cancer. In this malignant neoplasm, beta-catenin protein accumulates and increases Wnt signaling due to recurrent activating mutations in the catenin-beta 1 (CTNNB1) gene. Therefore, beta-catenin is a key therapeutic target in HBL. However, controlling beta-catenin production with therapeutic molecules has been challenging. New biological studies could provide alternative therapeutic solutions for the treatment of HBL, especially for advanced tumors and metastatic disease. In this study, we identified microRNAs (miRNAs) that target beta-catenin and block HBL cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Using our dual-fluorescence-FunREG system, we screened a library of 1,712 miRNA mimics and selected candidates inhibiting CTNNB1 expression through interaction with its untranslated regions. After validating the regulatory effect of nine miRNAs on beta-catenin in HBL cells, we measured their expression in patient samples. Let-7i-3p, miR-449b-3p, miR-624-5p, and miR-885-5p were decreased in tumors compared to normal livers. Moreover, they inhibited HBL cell growth and Wnt signaling activity in vitro partly through beta-catenin down-regulation. Additionally, miR-624-5p induced cell senescence in vitro, blocked experimental HBL growth in vivo, and directly targeted the beta-catenin 3'-untranslated region. Conclusion: Our results shed light on how beta-catenin-regulating miRNAs control HBL progression through Wnt signaling inactivation. In particular, miR-624-5p may constitute a promising candidate for miRNA replacement therapy for HBL patients. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:168-183).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Indersie
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053, 33076 Bordeaux France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Sarah Lesjean
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053, 33076 Bordeaux France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Katarzyna B Hooks
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053, 33076 Bordeaux France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Francis Sagliocco
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053, 33076 Bordeaux France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Tony Ernault
- INSERM, UMR 1193, Paul-Brousse Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre F-94800 Villejuif France.,Univ. Paris Saclay F-94800 Villejuif France
| | - Stefano Cairo
- XenTechEvry France.,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine University of Ferrara Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Grotzer
- SIOPEL (International Childhood Liver Tumours Strategy Group) Liver Tumor and Tissue Banking Program University Children's Hospital Zürich Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Hagedorn
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053, 33076 Bordeaux France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Marie-Annick Buendia
- INSERM, UMR 1193, Paul-Brousse Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre F-94800 Villejuif France.,Univ. Paris Saclay F-94800 Villejuif France
| | - Christophe F Grosset
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, GREF, U1053, 33076 Bordeaux France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, U1035, 33076 Bordeaux France
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133
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Jiang L, Hermeking H. miR-34a and miR-34b/c Suppress Intestinal Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2746-2758. [PMID: 28363996 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The p53-inducible miR-34a and miR-34b/c genes are frequently silenced in colorectal cancer. To address the in vivo relevance of miR-34a/b/c function for suppression of intestinal tumor formation, we generated ApcMin/+ mice with deletions of the miR-34a and/or miR-34b/c genes separately or in combination. Combined deletion of miR-34a/b/c increased the number of intestinal stem cells as well as Paneth and Goblet cells, resulting in enlarged intestinal crypts. miR-34a/b/c-deficient ApcMin/+ mice displayed an increased tumor burden and grade and decreased survival. miR-34a/b/c-deficient adenomas showed elevated proliferation and decreased apoptosis and displayed pronounced bacterial infiltration, which may be due to an observed decrease in infiltrating immune cells and downregulation of barrier proteins. mRNA induction in miR-34a/b/c-deficient tumors was enriched for miR-34a/b/c seed-matching sites and for mRNAs encoding proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness, and Wnt signaling. Accordingly, cells explanted from miR-34a/b/c-deficient adenomas formed tumor organoids at an increased rate. Several upregulated miR-34 targets displayed elevated expression in primary human colorectal cancers that was associated with lymph-node metastases (INHBB, AXL, FGFR1, and PDFGRB) and upregulation of INHBB and AXL in primary colorectal cancer was associated with poor patient survival. In conclusion, our results show that miR-34a/b/c suppress tumor formation caused by loss of Apc and control intestinal stem cell and secretory cell homeostasis by downregulation of multiple target mRNAs. Cancer Res; 77(10); 2746-58. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longchang Jiang
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany
| | - Heiko Hermeking
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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134
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Identification of targets of tumor suppressor microRNA-34a using a reporter library system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3927-3932. [PMID: 28356515 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620019114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs play critical roles in various biological processes by targeting specific mRNAs. Current approaches to identifying miRNA targets are insufficient for elucidation of a miRNA regulatory network. Here, we created a cell-based screening system using a luciferase reporter library composed of 4,891 full-length cDNAs, each of which was integrated into the 3' UTR of a luciferase gene. Using this reporter library system, we conducted a screening for targets of miR-34a, a tumor-suppressor miRNA. We identified both previously characterized and previously uncharacterized targets. miR-34a overexpression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells repressed the expression of these previously unrecognized targets. Among these targets, GFRA3 is crucial for MDA-MB-231 cell growth, and its expression correlated with the overall survival of patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, GFRA3 was found to be directly regulated by miR-34a via its coding region. These data show that this system is useful for elucidating miRNA functions and networks.
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135
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A MicroRNA Screen Identifies the Wnt Signaling Pathway as a Regulator of the Interferon Response during Flavivirus Infection. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02388-16. [PMID: 28148804 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02388-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of mosquito-borne flavivirus infections worldwide is significant, and many critical aspects of these viruses' biology, including virus-host interactions, host cell requirements for replication, and how virus-host interactions impact pathology, remain to be fully understood. The recent reemergence and spread of flaviviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Zika virus (ZIKV), highlight the importance of performing basic research on this important group of pathogens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that modulate gene expression posttranscriptionally and have been demonstrated to regulate a broad range of cellular processes. Our research is focused on identifying pro- and antiflaviviral miRNAs as a means of characterizing cellular pathways that support or limit viral replication. We have screened a library of known human miRNA mimics for their effect on the replication of three flaviviruses, DENV, WNV, and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), using a high-content immunofluorescence screen. Several families of miRNAs were identified as inhibiting multiple flaviviruses, including the miRNA miR-34, miR-15, and miR-517 families. Members of the miR-34 family, which have been extensively characterized for their ability to repress Wnt/β-catenin signaling, demonstrated strong antiflaviviral effects, and this inhibitory activity extended to other viruses, including ZIKV, alphaviruses, and herpesviruses. Previous research suggested a possible link between the Wnt and type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathways. Therefore, we investigated the role of type I IFN induction in the antiviral effects of the miR-34 family and confirmed that these miRNAs potentiate interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus, the induction of IFN-responsive genes, and the release of type I IFN from transfected cells. We further demonstrate that the intersection between the Wnt and IFN signaling pathways occurs at the point of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)-TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) binding, inducing TBK1 to phosphorylate IRF3 and initiate downstream IFN signaling. In this way, we have identified a novel cellular signaling network with a critical role in regulating the replication of multiple virus families. These findings highlight the opportunities for using miRNAs as tools to discover and characterize unique cellular factors involved in supporting or limiting virus replication, opening up new avenues for antiviral research.IMPORTANCE MicroRNAs are a class of small regulatory RNAs that modulate cellular processes through the posttranscriptional repression of multiple transcripts. We hypothesized that individual miRNAs may be capable of inhibiting viral replication through their effects on host proteins or pathways. To test this, we performed a high-content screen for miRNAs that inhibit the replication of three medically relevant members of the flavivirus family: West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and dengue virus 2. The results of this screen identify multiple miRNAs that inhibit one or more of these viruses. Extensive follow-up on members of the miR-34 family of miRNAs, which are active against all three viruses as well as the closely related Zika virus, demonstrated that miR-34 functions through increasing the infected cell's ability to respond to infection through the interferon-based innate immune pathway. Our results not only add to the knowledge of how viruses interact with cellular pathways but also provide a basis for more extensive data mining by providing a comprehensive list of miRNAs capable of inhibiting flavivirus replication. Finally, the miRNAs themselves or cellular pathways identified as modulating virus infection may prove to be novel candidates for the development of therapeutic interventions.
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136
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Serebryannyy LA, Yemelyanov A, Gottardi CJ, de Lanerolle P. Nuclear α-catenin mediates the DNA damage response via β-catenin and nuclear actin. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1717-1729. [PMID: 28348105 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.199893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Catenin is an F-actin-binding protein widely recognized for its role in cell-cell adhesion. However, a growing body of literature indicates that α-catenin is also a nuclear protein. In this study, we show that α-catenin is able to modulate the sensitivity of cells to DNA damage and toxicity. Furthermore, nuclear α-catenin is actively recruited to sites of DNA damage. This recruitment occurs in a β-catenin-dependent manner and requires nuclear actin polymerization. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the WNT-mediated regulation of the DNA damage response and suggest a novel role for the α-catenin-β-catenin complex in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Serebryannyy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alex Yemelyanov
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Primal de Lanerolle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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137
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Mutual reinforcement between telomere capping and canonical Wnt signalling in the intestinal stem cell niche. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14766. [PMID: 28303901 PMCID: PMC5357864 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical telomere shortening (for example, secondary to partial telomerase deficiency in the rare disease dyskeratosis congenita) causes tissue pathology, but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Mice lacking telomerase (for example, mTR−/− telomerase RNA template mutants) provide a model for investigating pathogenesis. In such mice, after several generations of telomerase deficiency telomeres shorten to the point of uncapping, causing defects most pronounced in high-turnover tissues including intestinal epithelium. Here we show that late-generation mTR−/− mutants experience marked downregulation of Wnt pathway genes in intestinal crypt epithelia, including crypt base columnar stem cells and Paneth cells, and in underlying stroma. The importance of these changes was revealed by rescue of crypt apoptosis and Wnt pathway gene expression upon treatment with Wnt pathway agonists. Rescue was associated with reduced telomere-dysfunction-induced foci and anaphase bridges, indicating improved telomere capping. Thus a mutually reinforcing feedback loop exists between telomere capping and Wnt signalling, and telomere capping can be impacted by extracellular cues in a fashion independent of telomerase. Mice lacking telomerase provide a model to study pathogenesis caused by critical telomere shortening. Here, the authors provide evidence that telomere shortening causes downregulation of Wnt signalling in intestinal crypts and that defects can be partially rescued by treatment with Wnt agonists.
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138
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Snail reprograms glucose metabolism by repressing phosphofructokinase PFKP allowing cancer cell survival under metabolic stress. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14374. [PMID: 28176759 PMCID: PMC5309788 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of glucose flux between aerobic glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) during epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is not well-understood. Here we show that Snail (SNAI1), a key transcriptional repressor of EMT, regulates glucose flux toward PPP, allowing cancer cell survival under metabolic stress. Mechanistically, Snail regulates glycolytic activity via repression of phosphofructokinase, platelet (PFKP), a major isoform of cancer-specific phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), an enzyme involving the first rate-limiting step of glycolysis. The suppression of PFKP switches the glucose flux towards PPP, generating NADPH with increased metabolites of oxidative PPP. Functionally, dynamic regulation of PFKP significantly potentiates cancer cell survival under metabolic stress and increases metastatic capacities in vivo. Further, knockdown of PFKP rescues metabolic reprogramming and cell death induced by loss of Snail. Thus, the Snail-PFKP axis plays an important role in cancer cell survival via regulation of glucose flux between glycolysis and PPP. Cancer cell survival under metabolic stress is a critical step for metastasis. Here, the authors show that under glucose deprivation, Snail, a key regulator of the metastatic process, promotes survival by diverting glucose to the pentose phosphate pathway through repression of phosphofructokinase PFKP.
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139
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Chemical biology reveals CARF as a positive regulator of canonical Wnt signaling by promoting TCF/β-catenin transcriptional activity. Cell Discov 2017; 3:17003. [PMID: 28417011 PMCID: PMC5387711 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2017.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates multiple biological processes and aberration of this pathway is frequently observed in human cancers. Previously, we uncovered NC043 as a small-molecule inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Here, we identified CARF as the cellular target of NC043. We found that NC043 binds directly to CARF through forming a covalent bond with the Cys-516 residue of CARF. Further study revealed that CARF interacts with Dvl, which potentiates the Dvl-c-Jun-β-catenin-TCF transcriptional complex and thus promotes Wnt signaling activation. NC043 could disrupt the interaction between CARF and Dvl, thereby impairing Wnt signal transduction. In line with this, knockdown of CARF in zebrafish leads to impairment of embryonic development, hematopoietic stem cell generation and caudal fin regeneration. Collectively, we identified CARF as the cellular target of NC043 and revealed CARF as a positive regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction.
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140
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Long Noncoding RNA-LET Suppresses Tumor Growth and EMT in Lung Adenocarcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4693471. [PMID: 27896272 PMCID: PMC5118531 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4693471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, many studies showed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in tumor progression. It is reported that lncRNA-LET is downregulated and has antitumor effect on several types of cancer. This study focuses on the role of lncRNA-LET on lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) progression. RT-PCR results indicated that frequent downregulation of lncRNA-LET in LAC tissues was related to clinicopathologic factors. lncRNA-LET knockdown significantly promoted LAC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration while lncRNA-LET overexpression obviously inhibited LAC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, indicating a tumor inhibition of lncRNA-LET in LAC progression. Besides, lncRNA-LET inhibited EMT and negatively regulated Wnt/β-catenin pathway in part. Our study suggests that lncRNA-LET exhibits an important tumor-suppressive effect on LAC progression by inhibiting EMT and Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which provides potential therapeutic targets for LAC.
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141
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Mani SKK, Zhang H, Diab A, Pascuzzi PE, Lefrançois L, Fares N, Bancel B, Merle P, Andrisani O. EpCAM-regulated intramembrane proteolysis induces a cancer stem cell-like gene signature in hepatitis B virus-infected hepatocytes. J Hepatol 2016; 65:888-898. [PMID: 27238755 PMCID: PMC5289705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocytes in which the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is replicating exhibit loss of the chromatin modifying polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), resulting in re-expression of specific, cellular PRC2-repressed genes. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a PRC2-repressed gene, normally expressed in hepatic progenitors, but re-expressed in hepatic cancer stem cells (hCSCs). Herein, we investigated the functional significance of EpCAM re-expression in HBV-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS Employing molecular approaches (transfections, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, immunoblotting, qRT-PCR), we investigated the role of EpCAM-regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) in HBV replicating cells in vitro, and in liver tumors from HBV X/c-myc mice and chronically HBV infected patients. RESULTS EpCAM undergoes RIP in HBV replicating cells, activating canonical Wnt signaling. Transfection of Wnt-responsive plasmid expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) identified a GFP + population of HBV replicating cells. These GFP+/Wnt+ cells exhibited cisplatin- and sorafenib-resistant growth resembling hCSCs, and increased expression of pluripotency genes NANOG, OCT4, SOX2, and hCSC markers BAMBI, CD44 and CD133. These genes are referred as EpCAM RIP and Wnt-induced hCSC-like gene signature. Interestingly, this gene signature is also overexpressed in liver tumors of X/c-myc bitransgenic mice. Clinically, a group of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinomas was identified, exhibiting elevated expression of the hCSC-like gene signature and associated with reduced overall survival post-surgical resection. CONCLUSIONS The hCSC-like gene signature offers promise as prognostic tool for classifying subtypes of HBV-induced HCCs. Since EpCAM RIP and Wnt signaling drive expression of this hCSC-like signature, inhibition of these pathways can be explored as therapeutic strategy for this subtype of HBV-associated HCCs. LAY SUMMARY In this study, we provide evidence for a molecular mechanism by which chronic infection by the hepatitis B virus results in the development of poor prognosis liver cancer. Based on this mechanism our results suggest possible therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Kumar Kailasam Mani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Ahmed Diab
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Pete E Pascuzzi
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Purdue University Libraries, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Lydie Lefrançois
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052 - CNRS 5286, Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - Nadim Fares
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052 - CNRS 5286, Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - Brigitte Bancel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052 - CNRS 5286, Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - Philippe Merle
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052 - CNRS 5286, Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - Ourania Andrisani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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142
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McCubrey JA, Lertpiriyapong K, Fitzgerald TL, Martelli AM, Cocco L, Rakus D, Gizak A, Libra M, Cervello M, Montalto G, Yang LV, Abrams SL, Steelman LS. Roles of TP53 in determining therapeutic sensitivity, growth, cellular senescence, invasion and metastasis. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 63:32-48. [PMID: 27776972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
TP53 is a critical tumor suppressor gene that regulates cell cycle progression, apoptosis, cellular senescence and many other properties critical for control of normal cellular growth and death. Due to the pleiotropic effects that TP53 has on gene expression and cellular physiology, mutations at this tumor suppressor gene result in diverse physiological effects. T53 mutations are frequently detected in numerous cancers. The expression of TP53 can be induced by various agents used to treat cancer patients such as chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation. Radiation will induce Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and other kinases that results in the phosphorylation and activation of TP53. TP53 is also negatively regulated by other mechanisms, such as ubiquitination by ligases such as MDM2. While TP53 has been documented to control the expression of many "classical" genes (e.g., p21Cip-1, PUMA, Bax) by transcriptional mechanisms for quite some time, more recently TP53 has been shown to regulate microRNA (miR) gene expression. Different miRs can promote oncogenesis (oncomiR) whereas others act to inhibit tumor progression (tumor suppressor miRs). Targeted therapies to stabilize TP53 have been developed by various approaches, MDM2/MDM4 inhibitors have been developed to stabilize TP53 in TP53-wild type (WT) tumors. In addition, small molecules have been isolated that will reactivate certain mutant TP53s. Both of these types of inhibitors are in clinical trials. Understanding the actions of TP53 may yield novel approaches to suppress cancer, aging and other health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Timothy L Fitzgerald
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Guiseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Li V Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Section, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Stephen L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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143
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Onyido EK, Sweeney E, Nateri AS. Wnt-signalling pathways and microRNAs network in carcinogenesis: experimental and bioinformatics approaches. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:56. [PMID: 27590724 PMCID: PMC5010773 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have not only emerged as integral regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level but also respond to signalling molecules to affect cell function(s). miRNAs crosstalk with a variety of the key cellular signalling networks such as Wnt, transforming growth factor-β and Notch, control stem cell activity in maintaining tissue homeostasis, while if dysregulated contributes to the initiation and progression of cancer. Herein, we overview the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the crosstalk between Wnt-signalling components (canonical and non-canonical) and miRNAs, as well as changes in the miRNA/Wnt-signalling components observed in the different forms of cancer. Furthermore, the fundamental understanding of miRNA-mediated regulation of Wnt-signalling pathway and vice versa has been significantly improved by high-throughput genomics and bioinformatics technologies. Whilst, these approaches have identified a number of specific miRNA(s) that function as oncogenes or tumour suppressors, additional analyses will be necessary to fully unravel the links among conserved cellular signalling pathways and miRNAs and their potential associated components in cancer, thereby creating therapeutic avenues against tumours. Hence, we also discuss the current challenges associated with Wnt-signalling/miRNAs complex and the analysis using the biomedical experimental and bioinformatics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emenike K Onyido
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Eloise Sweeney
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Abdolrahman Shams Nateri
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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144
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Slattery ML, Herrick JS, Mullany LE, Wolff E, Hoffman MD, Pellatt DF, Stevens JR, Wolff RK. Colorectal tumor molecular phenotype and miRNA: expression profiles and prognosis. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:915-27. [PMID: 27198570 PMCID: PMC4967007 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs regulate gene expression by post-transcriptionally suppressing mRNA translation or by causing mRNA degradation. It has been proposed that unique miRNAs influence specific tumor molecular phenotype. In this paper, we test the hypotheses that miRNA expression differs by tumor molecular phenotype and that those differences may influence prognosis. Data come from population-based studies of colorectal cancer conducted in Utah and the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program. A total of 1893 carcinoma samples were run on the Agilent Human miRNA Microarray V19.0 containing 2006 miRNAs. We assessed differences in miRNA expression between TP53-mutated and non-mutated, KRAS-mutated and non-mutated, BRAF-mutated and non-mutated, CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) high and CIMP low, and microsatellite instability (MSI) and microsatellite stable (MSS) colon and rectal tumors. Using a Cox proportional hazard model we evaluated if those miRNAs differentially expressed by tumor phenotype influenced survival after adjusting for age, sex, and AJCC stage. There were 22 differentially expressed miRNAs for TP53-mutated colon tumors and 5 for TP53-mutated rectal tumors with a fold change of >1.49 (or <0.67). Additionally, 13 miRNAS were differentially expressed for KRAS-mutated rectal tumors, 8 differentially expressed miRNAs for colon CIMP high tumors, and 2 differentially expressed miRNAs for BRAF-mutated colon tumors. The majority of differentially expressed miRNAS were observed between MSI and MSS tumors (94 differentially expressed miRNAs for colon; 41 differentially expressed miRNAs for rectal tumors). Of these miRNAs differentially expressed between MSI and MSS tumors, the majority were downregulated. Ten of the differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with survival; after adjustment for MSI status, five miRNAS, miR-196b-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-99b-5p, miR-636, and miR-192-3p, were significantly associated with survival. In summary, it appears that the majority of miRNAs that are differentially expressed by tumor molecular phenotype are MSI tumors. However, these miRNAs appear to have minimal effect on prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L. Slattery
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Jennifer S. Herrick
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Lila E. Mullany
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Erica Wolff
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Michael D. Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Daniel F. Pellatt
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - John R. Stevens
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, 3900 Old Main Hill, Logan UT 84322-3900
| | - Roger K. Wolff
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
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145
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MicroRNA-142-3p Negatively Regulates Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158432. [PMID: 27348426 PMCID: PMC4922628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays essential roles in mammalian development and tissue homeostasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of regulators involved in modulating this pathway. In this study, we screened miRNAs regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling by using a TopFlash based luciferase reporter. Surprisingly, we found that miR-142 inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which was inconsistent with a recent study showing that miR-142-3p targeted Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) to upregulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Due to the discordance, we elaborated experiments by using extensive mutagenesis, which demonstrated that the stem-loop structure was important for miR-142 to efficiently suppress Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of miR-142 relies on miR-142-3p rather than miR-142-5p. Further, we found that miR-142-3p directly modulated translation of Ctnnb1 mRNA (encoding β-catenin) through binding to its 3’ untranslated region (3’ UTR). Finally, miR-142 was able to repress cell cycle progression by inhibiting active Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Thus, our findings highlight the inhibitory role of miR-142-3p in Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which help to understand the complex regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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146
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Pećina-Šlaus N, Kafka A, Vladušić T, Tomas D, Logara M, Skoko J, Hrašćan R. Loss of p53 expression is accompanied by upregulation of beta-catenin in meningiomas: a concomitant reciprocal expression. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 97:159-69. [PMID: 27292269 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between Wnt and p53 signalling pathways in cancer has long been suggested. Therefore in this study we have investigated the involvement of these pathways in meningiomas by analysing their main effector molecules, beta-catenin and p53. Cellular expression of p53 and beta-catenin proteins and genetic changes in TP53 were analysed by immunohistochemistry, PCR/RFLP and direct sequencing of TP53 exon 4. All the findings were analysed statistically. Our analysis showed that 47.5% of the 59 meningiomas demonstrated loss of expression of p53 protein. Moderate and strong p53 expression in the nuclei was observed in 8.5% and 6.8% of meningiomas respectively. Gross deletion of TP53 gene was observed in one meningioma, but nucleotide alterations were observed in 35.7% of meningiomas. In contrast, beta-catenin, the main Wnt signalling molecule, was upregulated in 71.2%, while strong expression was observed in 28.8% of meningiomas. The concomitant expressions of p53 and beta-catenin were investigated in the same patients. In the analysed meningiomas, the levels of the two proteins were significantly negatively correlated (P = 0.002). This indicates that meningiomas with lost p53 upregulate beta-catenin and activate Wnt signalling. Besides showing the reciprocal relationship between proteins, we also showed that the expression of p53 was significantly (P = 0.021) associated with higher meningioma grades (II and III), while beta-catenin upregulation was not associated with malignancy grades. Additionally, women exhibited significantly higher values of p53 loss when compared to males (P = 0.005). Our findings provide novel information about p53 involvement in meningeal brain tumours and reveal the complex relationship between Wnt and p53 signalling, they suggest an important role for beta-catenin in these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Kafka
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Vladušić
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Tomas
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Hospital Centre 'Sisters of Charity', Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Logara
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Skoko
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,University of Stuttgart Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Reno Hrašćan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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147
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Wang J, Wang H, Liu A, Fang C, Hao J, Wang Z. Lactate dehydrogenase A negatively regulated by miRNAs promotes aerobic glycolysis and is increased in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19456-68. [PMID: 26062441 PMCID: PMC4637298 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming metabolism of tumor cells is a hallmark of cancer. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is frequently overexpressed in tumor cells. Previous studies has shown higher levels of LDHA is related with colorectal cancer (CRC), but its role in tumor maintenance and underlying molecular mechanisms has not been established. Here, we investigated miRNAs-induced changes in LDHA expression. We reported that colorectal cancer express higher levels of LDHA compared with adjacent normal tissue. Knockdown of LDHA resulted in decreased lactate and ATP production, and glucose uptake. Colorectal cancer cells with knockdown of LDHA had much slower growth rate than control cells. Furthermore, we found that miR-34a, miR-34c, miR-369-3p, miR-374a, and miR-4524a/b target LDHA and regulate glycolysis in cancer cells. There is a negative correlation between these miRNAs and LDHA expression in colorectal cancer tissues. More importantly, we identified a genetic loci newly associated with increased colorectal cancer progression, rs18407893 at 11p15.4 (in 3′-UTR of LDHA), which maps to the seed sequence recognized by miR-374a. Cancer cells overexpressed miR-374a has decreased levels of LDHA compared with miR-374a-MUT (rs18407893 at 11p15.4). Taken together, these novel findings provide more therapeutic approaches to the Warburg effect and therapeutic targets of cancer energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Public Security Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Aifen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changge Fang
- Advanced Personalized Diagnostics LLC, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Jianguo Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhenghui Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Logistics University of CAPF, Tianjin, China
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148
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Tamura M, Nemoto E. Role of the Wnt signaling molecules in the tooth. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2016; 52:75-83. [PMID: 28408959 PMCID: PMC5390339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a central role in many processes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. At least 19 types of Wnt ligands, receptors, transducers, transcription factors, and antagonists have been identified in mammals. Two distinct Wnt signaling pathways, the canonical signaling pathway and the noncanonical signaling pathway, have been described. Some Wnt signaling pathway components are expressed in the dental epithelium and mesenchyme during tooth development in humans and mice. Functional studies and experimental analysis of relevant animal models confirm the effects of Wnt signaling pathway on the regulation of developing tooth formation and adult tooth homeostasis. Mutations in some Wnt signaling pathway components have been identified in syndromic and non-syndromic tooth agenesis. This review provides an overview of progress in elucidating the role of Wnt signaling pathway components in the tooth and the resulting possibilities for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13, W7, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiji Nemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
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149
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MiR-3162-3p Is a Novel MicroRNA That Exacerbates Asthma by Regulating β-Catenin. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149257. [PMID: 26959414 PMCID: PMC4784915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease. In a previous study, we found several circulating microRNA signatures associated with childhood asthma and selected miR-3162-3p for subsequent studies. Since the target proteins and underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-3162-3p in asthma etiopathogenesis are not well characterized, we designed this study to clarify its role. We employed bioinformatics and quantitative PCR methods as a first step to determine the target of miR-3162-3p, and we elucidated β-catenin. Luciferase assays and western blot analysis confirmed β-catenin as a direct target of miR-3162-3p as the 3'-untranslated region of β-catenin mRNA possesses a specific miR-3162-3p pairing site. The correlation between the expression levels of miR-3162-3p and β-catenin is confirmed by quantitative PCR and western blot studies in A549, Beas-2B and H1299 cell lines and OVA-induced asthma mouse model. Of note, upregulation of the endogenous miR-3162-3p level is concomitant with the reduction of β-catenin mRNA and protein expression levels. MiR-3162-3p antagomir treatment antagonizes the endogenous miR-3162-3p and effectively rescues the attenuation of endogenous β-catenin in OVA-induced asthmatic mice, which alleviates airway hyperresponsiveness and ameliorates airway inflammation. Collectively, our findings suggest a novel relationship between miR-3162-3p and β-catenin and clarify their mechanistic role in asthma etiopathogenesis.
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150
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Taylor S, Ominsky MS, Hu R, Pacheco E, He YD, Brown DL, Aguirre JI, Wronski TJ, Buntich S, Afshari CA, Pyrah I, Nioi P, Boyce RW. Time-dependent cellular and transcriptional changes in the osteoblast lineage associated with sclerostin antibody treatment in ovariectomized rats. Bone 2016; 84:148-159. [PMID: 26721737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of sclerostin with sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) has been shown to stimulate bone formation, decrease bone resorption, and increase bone mass in both animals and humans. To obtain insight into the temporal cellular and transcriptional changes in the osteoblast (OB) lineage associated with long-term Scl-Ab treatment, stereological and transcriptional analyses of the OB lineage were performed on lumbar vertebrae from aged ovariectomized rats. Animals were administered Scl-Ab 3 or 50mg/kg/wk or vehicle (VEH) for up to 26weeks (d183), followed by a treatment-free period (TFP). At 50mg/kg/wk, bone volume (BV/total volume [TV]) increased through d183 and declined during the TFP. Bone formation rate (BFR/bone surface [BS]) and total OB number increased through d29, then progressively declined, coincident with a decrease in total osteoprogenitor (OP) numbers from d29 through d183. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from microarray analysis of mRNA isolated from laser capture microdissection samples enriched for OB, lining cells, and osteocytes (OCy) revealed modules of genes that correlated with BFR/BS, BV/TV, and osteoblastic surface (Ob.S)/BS. Expression change of canonical Wnt target genes was similar in all three cell types at d8, including upregulation of Twist1 and Wisp1. At d29, the pattern of Wnt target gene expression changed in the OCy, with Twist1 returning to VEH level, sustained upregulation of Wisp1, and upregulation of several other Wnt targets that continued into the TFP. Predicted activation of pathways recognized to integrate with and regulate canonical Wnt signaling were also activated at d29 in the OCy. The most significantly affected pathways represented transcription factor signaling known to inhibit cell cycle progression (notably p53) and mitogenesis (notably c-Myc). These changes occurred at the time of peak BFR/BS and continued as BFR/BS declined during treatment, then trended toward VEH level in the TFP. Concurrent with this transcriptional switch was a reduction in OP numbers, an effect that would ultimately limit bone formation. This study confirms that the initial transcriptional response in response to Scl-Ab is activation of canonical Wnt signaling and the data demonstrate that there is induction of additional regulatory pathways in OCy with long-term treatment. The interactions between Wnt and p53/c-Myc signaling may be key in limiting OP populations, thus contributing to self-regulation of bone formation with continued Scl-Ab administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Taylor
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Ominsky
- Department of CardioMetabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Efrain Pacheco
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Yudong D He
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - J Ignacio Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas J Wronski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sabina Buntich
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia A Afshari
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Ian Pyrah
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Paul Nioi
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Rogely Waite Boyce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
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