101
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Rhodococcus erythropolis BG43 Genes Mediating Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quinolone Signal Degradation and Virulence Factor Attenuation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7720-9. [PMID: 26319870 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02145-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodococcus erythropolis BG43 is able to degrade the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing signal molecules PQS (Pseudomonas quinolone signal) [2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone] and HHQ [2-heptyl-4(1H)-quinolone] to anthranilic acid. Based on the hypothesis that degradation of HHQ might involve hydroxylation to PQS followed by dioxygenolytic cleavage of the heterocyclic ring and hydrolysis of the resulting N-octanoylanthranilate, the genome was searched for corresponding candidate genes. Two gene clusters, aqdA1B1C1 and aqdA2B2C2, each predicted to code for a hydrolase, a flavin monooxygenase, and a dioxygenase related to 1H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase, were identified on circular plasmid pRLCBG43 of strain BG43. Transcription of all genes was upregulated by PQS, suggesting that both gene clusters code for alkylquinolone-specific catabolic enzymes. An aqdR gene encoding a putative transcriptional regulator, which was also inducible by PQS, is located adjacent to the aqdA2B2C2 cluster. Expression of aqdA2B2C2 in Escherichia coli conferred the ability to degrade HHQ and PQS to anthranilic acid; however, for E. coli transformed with aqdA1B1C1, only PQS degradation was observed. Purification of the recombinant AqdC1 protein verified that it catalyzes the cleavage of PQS to form N-octanoylanthranilic acid and carbon monoxide and revealed apparent Km and kcat values for PQS of ∼27 μM and 21 s(-1), respectively. Heterologous expression of the PQS dioxygenase gene aqdC1 or aqdC2 in P. aeruginosa PAO1 quenched the production of the virulence factors pyocyanin and rhamnolipid and reduced the synthesis of the siderophore pyoverdine. Thus, the toolbox of quorum-quenching enzymes is expanded by new PQS dioxygenases.
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102
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Zhou L, Wang XY, Sun S, Yang LC, Jiang BL, He YW. Identification and characterization of naturally occurring DSF-family quorum sensing signal turnover system in the phytopathogen Xanthomonas. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:4646-58. [PMID: 26234930 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecules of the diffusible signal factor (DSF)-family are a class of quorum sensing (QS) signals used by the phytopathogens Xanthomonas. Studies during the last decade have outlined how Xanthomonas cells enter the QS phase. However, information on the mechanism underlying its exit from the QS phase is limited. RpfB has recently been reported as a fatty acyl-CoA ligase (FCL) that activates a wide range of fatty acids to their CoA esters in vitro. Here, we establish an improved quantification assay for DSF-family signals using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in X. campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). We first demonstrated that RpfB represents a naturally occurring DSF-family signal turnover system. RpfB effectively turns over DSF-family signals DSF and BDSF in vivo. RpfB FCL enzymatic activity is required for DSF and BDSF turnover. Deletion of rpfB slightly increased Xcc virulence in the Chinese radish and overexpression of rpfB significantly decreased virulence. We further showed that the expression of rpfB is growth phase-dependent, and its expression is significantly enhanced when Xcc cells enter the stationary phase. DSF regulates rpfB expression in a concentration-dependent manner. rpfB expression is also negatively regulated by the DSF signalling components RpfC, RpfG and Clp. The global transcription factor Clp directly binds to the AATGC-tgctgc-GCATC motif in the promoter region of rpfB to repress its expression. Finally, RpfB-dependent signal turnover system was detected in a wide range of bacterial species, suggesting that it is a conserved mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xing-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Li-Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Bo-Le Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ya-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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103
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Mukherji R, Prabhune A. Possible Correlation Between Bile Salt Hydrolysis and AHL Deamidation: Staphylococcus epidermidis RM1, a Potent Quorum Quencher and Bile Salt Hydrolase Producer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:140-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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104
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Acyl peptidic siderophores: structures, biosyntheses and post-assembly modifications. Biometals 2015; 28:445-59. [PMID: 25677460 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Acyl peptidic siderophores are produced by a variety of bacteria and possess unique amphiphilic properties. Amphiphilic siderophores are generally produced in a suite where the iron(III)-binding headgroup remains constant while the fatty acid appendage varies by length and functionality. Acyl peptidic siderophores are commonly synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases; however, the method of peptide acylation during biosynthesis can vary between siderophores. Following biosynthesis, acyl siderophores can be further modified enzymatically to produce a more hydrophilic compound, which retains its ferric chelating abilities as demonstrated by pyoverdine from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the marinobactins from certain Marinobacter species. Siderophore hydrophobicity can also be altered through photolysis of the ferric complex of certain β-hydroxyaspartic acid-containing acyl peptidic siderophores.
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105
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Rojo D, Hevia A, Bargiela R, López P, Cuervo A, González S, Suárez A, Sánchez B, Martínez-Martínez M, Milani C, Ventura M, Barbas C, Moya A, Suárez A, Margolles A, Ferrer M. Ranking the impact of human health disorders on gut metabolism: systemic lupus erythematosus and obesity as study cases. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8310. [PMID: 25655524 PMCID: PMC4319156 DOI: 10.1038/srep08310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors have been shown to alter intestinal microbial diversity. It remains to be seen, however, how multiple collective pressures impact the activity in the gut environment and which, if any, is positioned as a dominant driving factor determining the final metabolic outcomes. Here, we describe the results of a metabolome-wide scan of gut microbiota in 18 subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 17 healthy control subjects and demonstrate a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two groups. Healthy controls could be categorized (p < 0.05) based on their body mass index (BMI), whereas individuals with SLE could not. We discuss the prevalence of SLE compared with BMI as the dominant factor that regulates gastrointestinal microbial metabolism and provide plausible explanatory causes. Our results uncover novel perspectives with clinical relevance for human biology. In particular, we rank the importance of various pathophysiologies for gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rojo
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid
| | - Arancha Hevia
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Patricia López
- Immunology Area, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Adriana Cuervo
- Physiology Area, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Sonia González
- Physiology Area, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Suárez
- Immunology Area, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | | | - Christian Milani
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Probiogenomics, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Probiogenomics, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid
| | - Andrés Moya
- 1] Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y Salud de la Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO) and Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva de la Universitat de València, València, Spain [2] CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Suárez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
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106
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Kem MP, Naka H, Iinishi A, Haygood MG, Butler A. Fatty Acid Hydrolysis of Acyl Marinobactin Siderophores by Marinobacter Acylases. Biochemistry 2015; 54:744-52. [DOI: 10.1021/bi5013673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle P. Kem
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Hiroaki Naka
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, United States
| | - Akira Iinishi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Margo G. Haygood
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, United States
| | - Alison Butler
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
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107
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Ivanova K, Fernandes MM, Mendoza E, Tzanov T. Enzyme multilayer coatings inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on urinary catheters. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4373-85. [PMID: 25582561 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria use a signaling mechanism called quorum sensing (QS) to form complex communities of surface-attached cells known as biofilms. This protective mode of growth allows them to resist antibiotic treatment and originates the majority of hospital-acquired infections. Emerging alternatives to control biofilm-associated infections and multidrug resistance development interfere with bacterial QS pathways, exerting less selective pressure on bacterial population. In this study, biologically stable coatings comprising the QS disrupting enzyme acylase were built on silicone urinary catheters using a layer-by-layer technique. This was achieved by the alternate deposition of negatively charged enzyme and positively charged polyethylenimine. The acylase-coated catheters efficiently quenched the QS in the biosensor strain Chromobacterium violaceum CECT 5999, demonstrated by approximately 50% inhibition of violacein production. These enzyme multilayer coatings significantly reduced the Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 biofilm formation under static and dynamic conditions in an in vitro catheterized bladder model. The quorum quenching enzyme coatings did not affect the viability of the human fibroblasts (BJ-5ta) over 7 days, corresponding to the extended useful life of urinary catheters. Such enzyme-based approach could be an alternative to the conventional antibiotic treatment for prevention of biofilm-associated urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ivanova
- Group of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, 08222, Terrassa, Spain
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108
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Singh RP. Attenuation of quorum sensing-mediated virulence in Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria: implications for the post-antibiotic era. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00363b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quorum quenching compounds blocked quorum sensing system of bacteria by several mechanisms (a, b, c and d).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pal Singh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Agriculture
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka-shi
- Japan
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109
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Avinash VS, Pundle AV, Ramasamy S, Suresh CG. Penicillin acylases revisited: importance beyond their industrial utility. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 36:303-16. [PMID: 25430891 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.960359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It is of great importance to study the physiological roles of enzymes in nature; however, in some cases, it is not easily apparent. Penicillin acylases are pharmaceutically important enzymes that cleave the acyl side chains of penicillins, thus paving the way for production of newer semi-synthetic antibiotics. They are classified according to the type of penicillin (G or V) that they preferentially hydrolyze. Penicillin acylases are also used in the resolution of racemic mixtures and peptide synthesis. However, it is rather unfortunate that the focus on the use of penicillin acylases for industrial applications has stolen the spotlight from the study of the importance of these enzymes in natural metabolism. The penicillin acylases, so far characterized from different organisms, show differences in their structural nature and substrate spectrum. These enzymes are also closely related to the bacterial signalling phenomenon, quorum sensing, as detailed in this review. This review details studies on biochemical and structural characteristics of recently discovered penicillin acylases. We also attempt to organize the available insights into the possible in vivo role of penicillin acylases and related enzymes and emphasize the need to refocus research efforts in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vellore Sunder Avinash
- a Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National , National Chemical Laboratory , Pune , India
| | - Archana Vishnu Pundle
- a Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National , National Chemical Laboratory , Pune , India
| | - Sureshkumar Ramasamy
- a Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National , National Chemical Laboratory , Pune , India
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110
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Bondí R, Messina M, De Fino I, Bragonzi A, Rampioni G, Leoni L. Affecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa phenotypic plasticity by quorum sensing dysregulation hampers pathogenicity in murine chronic lung infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112105. [PMID: 25420086 PMCID: PMC4242533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing (QS) activates the production of virulence factors, playing a critical role in pathogenesis. Multiple negative regulators modulate the timing and the extent of the QS response either in the pre-quorum or post-quorum phases of growth. This regulation likely increases P. aeruginosa phenotypic plasticity and population fitness, facilitating colonization of challenging environments such as higher organisms. Accordingly, in addition to the factors required for QS signals synthesis and response, also QS regulators have been proposed as targets for anti-virulence therapies. However, while it is known that P. aeruginosa mutants impaired in QS are attenuated in their pathogenic potential, the effect of mutations causing a dysregulated timing and/or magnitude of the QS response has been poorly investigated so far in animal models of infection. In order to investigate the impact of QS dysregulation on P. aeruginosa pathogenesis in a murine model of lung infection, the QteE and RsaL proteins have been selected as representatives of negative regulators controlling P. aeruginosa QS in the pre- and post-quorum periods, respectively. Results showed that the qteE mutation does not affect P. aeruginosa lethality and ability to establish chronic infection in mice, despite causing a premature QS response and enhanced virulence factors production in test tube cultures compared to the wild type. Conversely, the post-quorum dysregulation caused by the rsaL mutation hampers the establishment of P. aeruginosa chronic lung infection in mice without affecting the mortality rate. On the whole, this study contributes to a better understanding of the impact of QS regulation on P. aeruginosa phenotypic plasticity during the infection process. Possible fallouts of these findings in the anti-virulence therapy field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roslen Bondí
- Dept. of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ida De Fino
- Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS - San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Italian Cystic Fibrosis Research Foundation c/o Ospedale Maggiore, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS - San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Livia Leoni
- Dept. of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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111
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Olivero-Verbel J, Barreto-Maya A, Bertel-Sevilla A, Stashenko EE. Composition, anti-quorum sensing and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Lippia alba. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:759-67. [PMID: 25477905 PMCID: PMC4204956 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many Gram-negative pathogens have the ability to produce N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) as signal molecules for quorum sensing (QS). This cell-cell communication system allows them to coordinate gene expression and regulate virulence. Strategies to inhibit QS are promising for the control of infectious diseases or antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) and antibacterial potential of five essential oils isolated from Lippia alba on the Tn-5 mutant of Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, and on the growth of the gram-positive bacteria S. aureus ATCC 25923. The anti-QS activity was detected through the inhibition of the QS-controlled violacein pigment production by the sensor bacteria. Results showed that two essential oils from L. alba, one containing the greatest geranial:neral and the other the highest limonene:carvone concentrations, were the most effective QS inhibitors. Both oils also had small effects on cell growth. Moreover, the geranial/neral chemotype oil also produced the maximum zone of growth inhibition against S. aureus ATCC 25923. These data suggest essential oils from L. alba have promising properties as QS modulators, and present antibacterial activity on S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group College of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Cartagena Cartagena Colombia Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Ana Barreto-Maya
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group College of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Cartagena Cartagena Colombia Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Angela Bertel-Sevilla
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group College of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Cartagena Cartagena Colombia Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Elena E Stashenko
- Chromatography Laboratory Research Centre for Biomolecules Industrial University of Santander Bucaramanga Colombia Chromatography Laboratory, Research Centre for Biomolecules, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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112
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The hierarchy quorum sensing network in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Protein Cell 2014; 6:26-41. [PMID: 25249263 PMCID: PMC4286720 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 747] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes severe and persistent infections in immune compromised individuals and cystic fibrosis sufferers. The infection is hard to eradicate as P. aeruginosa has developed strong resistance to most conventional antibiotics. The problem is further compounded by the ability of the pathogen to form biofilm matrix, which provides bacterial cells a protected environment withstanding various stresses including antibiotics. Quorum sensing (QS), a cell density-based intercellular communication system, which plays a key role in regulation of the bacterial virulence and biofilm formation, could be a promising target for developing new strategies against P. aeruginosa infection. The QS network of P. aeruginosa is organized in a multi-layered hierarchy consisting of at least four interconnected signaling mechanisms. Evidence is accumulating that the QS regulatory network not only responds to bacterial population changes but also could react to environmental stress cues. This plasticity should be taken into consideration during exploration and development of anti-QS therapeutics.
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113
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Fetzner S. Quorum quenching enzymes. J Biotechnol 2014; 201:2-14. [PMID: 25220028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria use cell-to-cell communication systems based on chemical signal molecules to coordinate their behavior within the population. These quorum sensing systems are potential targets for antivirulence therapies, because many bacterial pathogens control the expression of virulence factors via quorum sensing networks. Since biofilm maturation is also usually influenced by quorum sensing, quenching these systems may contribute to combat biofouling. One possibility to interfere with quorum sensing is signal inactivation by enzymatic degradation or modification. Such quorum quenching enzymes are wide-spread in the bacterial world and have also been found in eukaryotes. Lactonases and acylases that hydrolyze N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) signaling molecules have been investigated most intensively, however, different oxidoreductases active toward AHLs or 2-alkyl-4(1H)-quinolone signals as well as other signal-converting enzymes have been described. Several approaches have been assessed which aim at alleviating virulence, or biofilm formation, by reducing the signal concentration in the bacterial environment. These involve the application or stimulation of signal-degrading bacteria as biocontrol agents in the protection of crop plants against soft-rot disease, the use of signal-degrading bacteria as probiotics in aquaculture, and the immobilization or entrapment of quorum quenching enzymes or bacteria to control biofouling in membrane bioreactors. While most approaches to use quorum quenching as antivirulence strategy are still in the research phase, the growing number of organisms and enzymes known to interfere with quorum sensing opens up new perspectives for the development of innovative antibacterial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Fetzner
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 3, D-48149 Muenster, Germany.
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114
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Palmer AG, Senechal AC, Mukherjee A, Ané JM, Blackwell HE. Plant responses to bacterial N-acyl L-homoserine lactones are dependent on enzymatic degradation to L-homoserine. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1834-45. [PMID: 24918118 PMCID: PMC4136694 DOI: 10.1021/cb500191a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Many
bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) to regulate phenotypes that
ultimately benefit the bacterial population at high cell densities.
These QS-dependent phenotypes are diverse and can have significant
impacts on the bacterial host, including virulence factor production,
motility, biofilm formation, bioluminescence, and root nodulation.
As bacteria and their eukaryotic hosts have coevolved over millions
of years, it is not surprising that certain hosts appear to be able
to sense QS signals, potentially allowing them to alter QS outcomes.
Recent experiments have established that eukaryotes have marked responses
to the N-acyl l-homoserine lactone (AHL)
signals used by Gram-negative bacteria for QS, and the responses of
plants to AHLs have received considerable scrutiny to date. However,
the molecular mechanisms by which plants, and eukaryotes in general,
sense bacterial AHLs remain unclear. Herein, we report a systematic
analysis of the responses of the model plants Arabidopsis
thaliana and Medicago truncatula to a series
of native AHLs and byproducts thereof. Our results establish that
AHLs can significantly alter seedling growth in an acyl-chain length
dependent manner. Based upon A. thaliana knockout
studies and in vitro biochemical assays, we conclude
that the observed growth effects are dependent upon AHL amidolysis
by a plant-derived fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) to yield l-homoserine. The accumulation of l-homoserine appears
to encourage plant growth at low concentrations by stimulating transpiration,
while higher concentrations inhibit growth by stimulating ethylene
production. These results offer new insights into the mechanisms by
which plant hosts can respond to QS signals and the potential role
of QS in interkingdom associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Palmer
- Department
of Chemistry, 1101 University
Avenue, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Amanda C. Senechal
- Department
of Chemistry, 1101 University
Avenue, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Arijit Mukherjee
- Department
of Agronomy, 1575 Linden
Drive, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department
of Agronomy, 1575 Linden
Drive, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Helen E. Blackwell
- Department
of Chemistry, 1101 University
Avenue, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706, United States
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115
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Genome Sequencing of a Mung Bean Plant Growth Promoting Strain of P. aeruginosa with Biocontrol Ability. Int J Genomics 2014; 2014:123058. [PMID: 25184130 PMCID: PMC4144306 DOI: 10.1155/2014/123058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PGPR2 is a mung bean rhizosphere strain that produces secondary metabolites and hydrolytic enzymes contributing to excellent antifungal activity against Macrophomina phaseolina, one of the prevalent fungal pathogens of mung bean. Genome sequencing was performed using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine generating 1,354,732 reads (6,772,433 sequenced bases) achieving ~25-fold coverage of the genome. Reference genome assembly using MIRA 3.4.0 yielded 198 contigs. The draft genome of PGPR2 encoded 6803 open reading frames, of which 5314 were genes with predicted functions, 1489 were genes of known functions, and 80 were RNA-coding genes. Strain specific and core genes of P. aeruginosa PGPR2 that are relevant to rhizospheric habitat were identified by pangenome analysis. Genes involved in plant growth promoting function such as synthesis of ACC deaminase, indole-3-acetic acid, trehalose, mineral scavenging siderophores, hydrogen cyanide, chitinases, acyl homoserine lactones, acetoin, 2,3-butanediol, and phytases were identified. In addition, niche-specific genes such as phosphate solubilising 3-phytase, adhesins, pathway-specific transcriptional regulators, a diguanylate cyclase involved in cellulose synthesis, a receptor for ferrienterochelin, a DEAD/DEAH-box helicase involved in stress tolerance, chemotaxis/motility determinants, an HtpX protease, and enzymes involved in the production of a chromanone derivative with potent antifungal activity were identified.
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Choi SC, Zhang C, Moon S, Oh YS. Inhibitory effects of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (HDMF) on acyl-homoserine lactone-mediated virulence factor production and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. J Microbiol 2014; 52:734-42. [PMID: 25085732 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-4060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (HDMF), a non-halogenated furanone found in a variety of fruits, has been shown to have antimicrobial activity. However, few studies have focused on its inhibitory effect on bacterial quorum sensing (QS) at levels below the non-inhibitory concentration. In this study, 0.1 μM HDMF decreased the production of QS signal molecules and inhibited QS-controlled biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 without causing growth inhibition. In the presence of 0.1 and 1.0 μM HDMF, biofilm production by PAO1 was reduced by 27.8 and 42.6%, respectively, compared to that by untreated control cells. HDMF (1.0 μM) also significantly affected virulence factor expression (regulated by the las, rhl, and pqs system), resulting in a significant reduction in the production of LasA protease (53.8%), rhamnolipid (40.9%), and pyocyanin (51.4%). This HDMF-dependent inhibition of virulence factor expression was overcome by increasing the levels of two QS signal molecules of P. aeruginosa, N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone and N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone, suggesting reversible competitive inhibition between HDMF and these molecules. The results of this study indicate that HDMF has great potential as an inhibitor of QS, and that it may be of value as a therapeutic agent and in biofilm control, without increasing selective pressure for resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chan Choi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, 200-702, Republic of Korea
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117
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N-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing with special reference to use of quorum quenching bacteria in membrane biofouling control. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:162584. [PMID: 25147787 PMCID: PMC4131561 DOI: 10.1155/2014/162584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane biofouling remains a severe problem to be addressed in wastewater treatment systems affecting reactor performance and economy. The finding that many wastewater bacteria rely on N-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing to synchronize their activities essential for biofilm formations; the quenching bacterial quorum sensing suggests a promising approach for control of membrane biofouling. A variety of quorum quenching compounds of both synthetic and natural origin have been identified and found effective in inhibition of membrane biofouling with much less environmental impact than traditional antimicrobials. Work over the past few years has demonstrated that enzymatic quorum quenching mechanisms are widely conserved in several prokaryotic organisms and can be utilized as a potent tool for inhibition of membrane biofouling. Such naturally occurring bacterial quorum quenching mechanisms also play important roles in microbe-microbe interactions and have been used to develop sustainable nonantibiotic antifouling strategies. Advances in membrane fabrication and bacteria entrapment techniques have allowed the implication of such quorum quenching bacteria for better design of membrane bioreactor with improved antibiofouling efficacies. In view of this, the present paper is designed to review and discuss the recent developments in control of membrane biofouling with special emphasis on quorum quenching bacteria that are applied in membrane bioreactors.
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118
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Wurst JM, Drake EJ, Theriault JR, Jewett IT, VerPlank L, Perez JR, Dandapani S, Palmer M, Moskowitz SM, Schreiber SL, Munoz B, Gulick AM. Identification of inhibitors of PvdQ, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of the siderophore pyoverdine. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1536-44. [PMID: 24824984 PMCID: PMC4215858 DOI: 10.1021/cb5001586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces the peptide siderophore
pyoverdine, which is used to acquire essential Fe3+ ions
from the environment. PvdQ, an Ntn hydrolase, is required for the
biosynthesis of pyoverdine. PvdQ knockout strains
are not infectious in model systems, suggesting that disruption of
siderophore production via PvdQ inhibition could be exploited as a
target for novel antibacterial agents, by preventing cells from acquiring
iron in the low iron environments of most biological settings. We
have previously described a high-throughput screen to identify inhibitors
of PvdQ that identified inhibitors with IC50 values of
∼100 μM. Here, we describe the discovery of ML318, a
biaryl nitrile inhibitor of PvdQ acylase. ML318 inhibits PvdQ in vitro (IC50 = 20 nM) by binding in the acyl-binding
site, as confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure of PvdQ bound to
ML318. Additionally, the PvdQ inhibitor is active in a whole cell
assay, preventing pyoverdine production and limiting the growth of P. aeruginosa under iron-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric J. Drake
- Hauptman−Woodward Medical Research Institute, New
York 14203, United States
- Department
of Structural Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | | | - Ivan T. Jewett
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Lynn VerPlank
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jose R. Perez
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | - Michelle Palmer
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Samuel M. Moskowitz
- Department
of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | - Benito Munoz
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andrew M. Gulick
- Hauptman−Woodward Medical Research Institute, New
York 14203, United States
- Department
of Structural Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
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119
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Liang H, Deng X, Li X, Ye Y, Wu M. Molecular mechanisms of master regulator VqsM mediating quorum-sensing and antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:10307-20. [PMID: 25034696 PMCID: PMC4176358 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing (QS) systems contribute to bacterial homeostasis and pathogenicity. Although the AraC-family transcription factor VqsM has been characterized to control the production of virulence factors and QS signaling molecules, its detailed regulatory mechanisms still remain elusive. Here, we report that VqsM directly binds to the lasI promoter region, and thus regulates its expression. To identify additional targets of VqsM in P. aeruginosa PAO1, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) and detected 48 enriched loci harboring VqsM-binding peaks in the P. aeruginosa genome. The direct regulation of these genes by VqsM has been confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. A VqsM-binding motif was identified by using the MEME suite and verified by footprint assays in vitro. In addition, VqsM directly bound to the promoter regions of the antibiotic resistance regulator NfxB and the master type III secretion system (T3SS) regulator ExsA. Notably, the vqsM mutant displayed more resistance to two types of antibiotics and promoted bacterial survival in a mouse model, compared to wild-type PAO1. Collectively, this work provides new cues to better understand the detailed regulatory networks of QS systems, T3SS, and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710069, China Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine and Health Science, University of North Dakota, 501 North Columbia Rd, EJRF Building, Room 2726, ND 58203, USA
| | - Yan Ye
- Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine and Health Science, University of North Dakota, 501 North Columbia Rd, EJRF Building, Room 2726, ND 58203, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine and Health Science, University of North Dakota, 501 North Columbia Rd, EJRF Building, Room 2726, ND 58203, USA
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120
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Ghani NA, Norizan SNM, Chan XY, Yin WF, Chan KG. Labrenzia sp. BM1: a quorum quenching bacterium that degrades N-acyl homoserine lactones via lactonase activity. SENSORS 2014; 14:11760-9. [PMID: 24995373 PMCID: PMC4168518 DOI: 10.3390/s140711760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the degradation of quorum sensing N-acylhomoserine lactone molecules by a bacterium isolated from a Malaysian marine water sample. MALDI-TOF and phylogenetic analysis indicated this isolate BM1 clustered closely to Labrenzia sp. The quorum quenching activity of this isolate was confirmed by using a series of bioassays and rapid resolution liquid chromatography analysis. Labrenzia sp. degraded a wide range of N-acylhomoserine lactones namely N-(3-hexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL) and N-(3-hydroxyhexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3-hydroxy-C6-HSL). Re-lactonisation bioassays confirmed Labrenzia sp. BM1 degraded these signalling molecules efficiently via lactonase activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation of a Labrenzia sp. capable of degrading N-acylhomoserine lactones and confirmation of its lactonase-based mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norshazliza Ab Ghani
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Nur Maisarah Norizan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Xin Yue Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Wai-Fong Yin
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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121
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Florez Escobar AM, Gonzalez A, Pedroza CJ, Correa E, Rueda NJ, Orduz S. Identification, cloning and lactonase activity of recombinant protein of N-acyl homoserine lactonase (AiiA) from Bacillus thuringiensis 147-115-16 strain. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA 2014. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v16n1.40495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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122
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Quorum quenching agents: resources for antivirulence therapy. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:3245-82. [PMID: 24886865 PMCID: PMC4071575 DOI: 10.3390/md12063245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuing emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is a concern to human health and highlights the urgent need for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. Quorum sensing (QS) regulates virulence in many bacterial pathogens, and thus, is a promising target for antivirulence therapy which may inhibit virulence instead of cell growth and division. This means that there is little selective pressure for the evolution of resistance. Many natural quorum quenching (QQ) agents have been identified. Moreover, it has been shown that many microorganisms are capable of producing small molecular QS inhibitors and/or macromolecular QQ enzymes, which could be regarded as a strategy for bacteria to gain benefits in competitive environments. More than 30 species of marine QQ bacteria have been identified thus far, but only a few of them have been intensively studied. Recent studies indicate that an enormous number of QQ microorganisms are undiscovered in the highly diverse marine environments, and these marine microorganism-derived QQ agents may be valuable resources for antivirulence therapy.
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123
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Lade H, Paul D, Kweon JH. Quorum quenching mediated approaches for control of membrane biofouling. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:550-65. [PMID: 24910534 PMCID: PMC4046882 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.9028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane biofouling is widely acknowledged as the most frequent adverse event in wastewater treatment systems resulting in significant loss of treatment efficiency and economy. Different strategies including physical cleaning and use of antimicrobial chemicals or antibiotics have been tried for reducing membrane biofouling. Such traditional practices are aimed to eradicate biofilms or kill the bacteria involved, but the greater efficacy in membrane performance would be achieved by inhibiting biofouling without interfering with bacterial growth. As a result, the search for environmental friendly non-antibiotic antifouling strategies has received much greater attention among scientific community. The use of quorum quenching natural compounds and enzymes will be a potential approach for control of membrane biofouling. This approach has previously proven useful in diseases and membrane biofouling control by triggering the expression of desired phenotypes. In view of this, the present review is provided to give the updated information on quorum quenching compounds and elucidate the significance of quorum sensing inhibition in control of membrane biofouling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diby Paul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul-143-701, Korea
| | - Ji Hyang Kweon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul-143-701, Korea
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124
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Trejo-Hernández A, Andrade-Domínguez A, Hernández M, Encarnación S. Interspecies competition triggers virulence and mutability in Candida albicans-Pseudomonas aeruginosa mixed biofilms. ISME JOURNAL 2014; 8:1974-88. [PMID: 24739628 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inter-kingdom and interspecies interactions are ubiquitous in nature and are important for the survival of species and ecological balance. The investigation of microbe-microbe interactions is essential for understanding the in vivo activities of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms. Candida albicans, a polymorphic fungus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium, are two opportunistic pathogens that interact in various polymicrobial infections in humans. To determine how P. aeruginosa affects the physiology of C. albicans and vice versa, we compared the proteomes of each species in mixed biofilms versus single-species biofilms. In addition, extracellular proteins were analyzed. We observed that, in mixed biofilms, both species showed differential expression of virulence proteins, multidrug resistance-associated proteins, proteases and cell defense, stress and iron-regulated proteins. Furthermore, in mixed biofilms, both species displayed an increase in mutability compared with monospecific biofilms. This characteristic was correlated with the downregulation of enzymes conferring protection against DNA oxidation. In mixed biofilms, P. aeruginosa regulates its production of various molecules involved in quorum sensing and induces the production of virulence factors (pyoverdine, rhamnolipids and pyocyanin), which are major contributors to the ability of this bacterium to cause disease. Overall, our results indicate that interspecies competition between these opportunistic pathogens enhances the production of virulence factors and increases mutability and thus can alter the course of host-pathogen interactions in polymicrobial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magdalena Hernández
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Sergio Encarnación
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
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125
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Draft Genome Sequence of Quorum-Sensing and Quorum-Quenching Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain MW3a. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/2/e00258-14. [PMID: 24744329 PMCID: PMC3990745 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00258-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a broad range of habitation, from aquatic environments to human lungs. The coexistence of quorum-sensing and quorum-quenching activities occurs in P. aeruginosa strain MW3a. In this work, we present the draft genome sequence of P. aeruginosa MW3a, an interesting bacterium isolated from a marine environment.
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126
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Ghani NA, Sulaiman J, Ismail Z, Chan XY, Yin WF, Chan KG. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, a quorum quenching yeast exhibiting lactonase activity isolated from a tropical shoreline. SENSORS 2014; 14:6463-73. [PMID: 24721765 PMCID: PMC4029656 DOI: 10.3390/s140406463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two microbial isolates from a Malaysian shoreline were found to be capable of degrading N-acylhomoserine lactones. Both Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry and 18S rDNA phylogenetic analyses confirmed that these isolates are Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Quorum quenching activities were detected by a series of bioassays and rapid resolution liquid chromatography analysis. The isolates were able to degrade various quorum sensing molecules namely N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL) and N-(3-hydroxyhexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-hydroxy-C6-HSL). Using a relactonisation assay to verify the quorum quenching mechanism, it is confirmed that Rh. mucilaginosa degrades the quorum sensing molecules via lactonase activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation of the fact that Rh. mucilaginosa has activity against a broad range of AHLs namely C6-HSL, 3-oxo-C6-HSL and 3-hydroxy-C6-HSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norshazliza Ab Ghani
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Joanita Sulaiman
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Zahidah Ismail
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Xin-Yue Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Wai-Fong Yin
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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127
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Yu H, He X, Xie W, Xiong J, Sheng H, Guo S, Huang C, Zhang D, Zhang K. Elastase LasB of Pseudomonas aeruginosa promotes biofilm formation partly through rhamnolipid-mediated regulation. Can J Microbiol 2014; 60:227-35. [PMID: 24693981 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2013-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elastase LasB, an important extracellular virulence factor, is shown to play an important role in the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during host infection. However, the role of LasB in the life cycle of P. aeruginosa is not completely understood. This report focuses on the impact of LasB on biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Here, we reported that the lasB deletion mutant (ΔlasB) displayed significantly decreased bacterial attachment, microcolony formation, and extracellular matrix linkage in biofilm associated with decreased biosynthesis of rhamnolipids compared with PAO1 and lasB complementary strain (ΔlasB+). Nevertheless, the ΔlasB developed restored biofilm formation with supplementation of exogenous rhamnolipids. Further gene expression analysis revealed that the mutant of lasB could result in the downregulation of rhamnolipid synthesis at the transcriptional level. Taken together, these results indicated that LasB could promote biofilm formation partly through the rhamnolipid-mediated regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yu
- Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xiaomei He
- Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Junzhi Xiong
- Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Halei Sheng
- Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Chunji Huang
- Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Kebin Zhang
- Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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128
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Kimura N. Metagenomic approaches to understanding phylogenetic diversity in quorum sensing. Virulence 2014; 5:433-42. [PMID: 24429899 DOI: 10.4161/viru.27850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing, a form of cell-cell communication among bacteria, allows bacteria to synchronize their behaviors at the population level in order to control behaviors such as luminescence, biofilm formation, signal turnover, pigment production, antibiotics production, swarming, and virulence. A better understanding of quorum-sensing systems will provide us with greater insight into the complex interaction mechanisms used widely in the Bacteria and even the Archaea domain in the environment. Metagenomics, the use of culture-independent sequencing to study the genomic material of microorganisms, has the potential to provide direct information about the quorum-sensing systems in uncultured bacteria. This article provides an overview of the current knowledge of quorum sensing focused on phylogenetic diversity, and presents examples of studies that have used metagenomic techniques. Future technologies potentially related to quorum-sensing systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutada Kimura
- Bioproduction Research Institute; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
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129
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Microbial metabolism of quorum-sensing molecules acyl-homoserine lactones, γ-heptalactone and other lactones. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3401-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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130
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Reducing virulence of the human pathogen Burkholderia by altering the substrate specificity of the quorum-quenching acylase PvdQ. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:1568-73. [PMID: 24474783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1311263111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of enzymes to interfere with quorum sensing represents an attractive strategy to fight bacterial infections. We used PvdQ, an effective quorum-quenching enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as a template to generate an acylase able to effectively hydrolyze C8-HSL, the major communication molecule produced by the Burkholderia species. We discovered that the combination of two single mutations leading to variant PvdQ(Lα146W,Fβ24Y) conferred high activity toward C8-HSL. Exogenous addition of PvdQ(Lα146W,Fβ24Y) dramatically decreased the amount of C8-HSL present in Burkholderia cenocepacia cultures and inhibited a quorum sensing-associated phenotype. The efficacy of this PvdQ variant to combat infections in vivo was further confirmed by its ability to rescue Galleria mellonella larvae upon infection, demonstrating its potential as an effective agent toward Burkholderia infections. Kinetic analysis of the enzymatic activities toward 3-oxo-C12-L-HSL and C8-L-HSL corroborated a substrate switch. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of quorum-quenching acylases as potential novel antimicrobial drugs. In addition, we demonstrate that their substrate range can be easily switched, thereby paving the way to selectively target only specific bacterial species inside a complex microbial community.
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131
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Brandt U, Hiessl S, Schuldes J, Thürmer A, Wübbeler JH, Daniel R, Steinbüchel A. Genome-guided insights into the versatile metabolic capabilities of the mercaptosuccinate-utilizing β-proteobacterium Variovorax paradoxus strain B4. Environ Microbiol 2013; 16:3370-86. [PMID: 24245581 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Variovorax paradoxus B4 is able to utilize 2-mercaptosuccinate (MS) as sole carbon, sulfur and energy source. The whole genome of V. paradoxus B4 was sequenced, annotated and evaluated with special focus on genomic elements related to MS metabolism. The genome encodes two chromosomes harbouring 5 795 261 and 1 353 255 bp. A total of 6753 putative protein-coding sequences were identified. Based on the genome and in combination with results from previous studies, a putative pathway for the degradation of MS could be postulated. The putative molybdopterin oxidoreductase identified during transposon mutagenesis probably catalyses the conversion of MS first into sulfinosuccinate and then into sulfosuccinate by successive transfer of oxygen atoms. Subsequently, the cleavage of sulfosuccinate yields oxaloacetate and sulfite, while the latter is oxidized to sulfate. The expression of the putative molybdopterin oxidoreductase was induced by MS, but not by gluconate, as confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Further, in silico studies combined with experiments and comparative genomics revealed high metabolic diversity of strain B4. It bears a high potential as plant growth-promoting bacterium and as candidate for degradation and detoxification of xenobiotics and other hardly degradable substances. Additionally, the strain is of special interest for production of polythioesters with sulfur-containing precursors as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Brandt
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 3, Münster, D-48149, Germany
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132
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Terwagne M, Mirabella A, Lemaire J, Deschamps C, De Bolle X, Letesson JJ. Quorum sensing and self-quorum quenching in the intracellular pathogen Brucellamelitensis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82514. [PMID: 24349302 PMCID: PMC3859601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella quorum sensing has been described as an important regulatory system controlling crucial virulence determinants such as the VirB type IV secretion system and the flagellar genes. However, the basis of quorum sensing, namely the production of autoinducers in Brucella has been questioned. Here, we report data obtained from the use of a genetic tool allowing the in situ detection of long-chain N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL) activity at single bacterium level in Brucella melitensis. These data are consistent with an intrinsic production of AHL by B. melitensis in low concentration both during in vitro growth and macrophage infection. Moreover, we identified a protein, named AibP, which is homologous to the AHL-acylases of various bacterial species. In vitro and during infection, expression of aibP coincided with a decrease in endogenous AHL activity within B. melitensis, suggesting that AibP could efficiently impair AHL accumulation. Furthermore, we showed that deletion of aibP in B. melitensis resulted in enhanced virB genes expression and VirB8 production as well as in a reduced flagellar genes expression and production of FlgE (hook protein) and FliC (flagellin) in vitro. Altogether, these results suggest that AHL-dependent quorum sensing and AHL-quorum quenching coexist in Brucella, at least to regulate its virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julien Lemaire
- URBM, Department of Biology, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Xavier De Bolle
- URBM, Department of Biology, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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133
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Abstract
Cell-cell communication, or quorum sensing, is a widespread phenomenon in bacteria that is used to coordinate gene expression among local populations. Its use by bacterial pathogens to regulate genes that promote invasion, defense, and spread has been particularly well documented. With the ongoing emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, there is a current need for development of alternative therapeutic strategies. An antivirulence approach by which quorum sensing is impeded has caught on as a viable means to manipulate bacterial processes, especially pathogenic traits that are harmful to human and animal health and agricultural productivity. The identification and development of chemical compounds and enzymes that facilitate quorum-sensing inhibition (QSI) by targeting signaling molecules, signal biogenesis, or signal detection are reviewed here. Overall, the evidence suggests that QSI therapy may be efficacious against some, but not necessarily all, bacterial pathogens, and several failures and ongoing concerns that may steer future studies in productive directions are discussed. Nevertheless, various QSI successes have rightfully perpetuated excitement surrounding new potential therapies, and this review highlights promising QSI leads in disrupting pathogenesis in both plants and animals.
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134
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Anti-quorum sensing activity of the traditional Chinese herb, Phyllanthus amarus. SENSORS 2013; 13:14558-69. [PMID: 24169540 PMCID: PMC3871092 DOI: 10.3390/s131114558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of quorum sensing in Proteobacteria and its function in regulating virulence determinants makes it an attractive alternative towards attenuation of bacterial pathogens. In this study, crude extracts of Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn, a traditional Chinese herb, were screened for their anti-quorum sensing properties through a series of bioassays. Only the methanolic extract of P. amarus exhibited anti-quorum sensing activity, whereby it interrupted the ability of Chromobacterium violaceum CVO26 to response towards exogenously supplied N-hexanoylhomoserine lactone and the extract reduced bioluminescence in E. coli [pSB401] and E. coli [pSB1075]. In addition to this, methanolic extract of P. amarus significantly inhibited selected quorum sensing-regulated virulence determinants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01. Increasing concentrations of the methanolic extracts of P. amarus reduced swarming motility, pyocyanin production and P. aeruginosa PA01 lecA∷lux expression. Our data suggest that P. amarus could be useful for attenuating pathogens and hence, more local traditional herbs should be screened for its anti-quorum sensing properties as their active compounds may serve as promising anti-pathogenic drugs.
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135
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Clevenger KD, Wu R, Er JAV, Liu D, Fast W. Rational design of a transition state analogue with picomolar affinity for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PvdQ, a siderophore biosynthetic enzyme. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2192-200. [PMID: 23883096 DOI: 10.1021/cb400345h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa enzyme PvdQ can process different substrates involved in quorum-sensing or in siderophore biosynthesis. Substrate selectivity was evaluated using steady-state kinetic constants for hydrolysis of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (HSLs) and p-nitrophenyl fatty acid esters. PvdQ prefers substrates with alkyl chains between 12 and 14 carbons long that do not bear a 3-oxo substitution and is revealed here to have a relatively high specificity constant for selected N-acyl-HSLs (kcat/KM = 10(5) to 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)). However, endogenous P. aeruginosa N-acyl-HSLs are ≥100-fold disfavored, supporting the conclusion that PvdQ was not primarily evolved to regulate endogenous quorum-sensing. PvdQ plays an essential biosynthetic role for the siderophore pyoverdine, on which P. aeruginosa depends for growth in iron-limited environments. A series of alkylboronate inhibitors was found to be reversible, competitive, and extremely potent (Ki ≥ 190 pM). A 1.8 Å X-ray structure shows that 1-tridecylboronic acid forms a monocovalent bond with the N-terminal β-chain Ser residue in the PvdQ heterodimer, mimicking a reaction transition state. This boronic acid inhibits growth of P. aeruginosa in iron-limited media, reproducing the phenotype of a genetic pvdQ disruption, although co-administration of an efflux pump inhibitor is required to maintain growth inhibition. These findings support the strategy of designing boron-based inhibitors of siderophore biosynthetic enzymes to control P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago Illinois 60660,
United States
| | | | - Dali Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago Illinois 60660,
United States
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136
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Yu M, Tang K, Liu J, Shi X, Gulder TAM, Zhang XH. Genome analysis of Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra JG1 reveals various survival advantages in marine environment. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:707. [PMID: 24131871 PMCID: PMC3853003 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Competition between bacteria for habitat and resources is very common in the natural environment and is considered to be a selective force for survival. Many strains of the genus Pseudoalteromonas were confirmed to produce bioactive compounds that provide those advantages over their competitors. In our previous study, P. flavipulchra JG1 was found to synthesize a Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra antibacterial Protein (PfaP) with L-amino acid oxidase activity and five small chemical compounds, which were the main competitive agents of the strain. In addition, the genome of this bacterium has been previously sequenced as Whole Genome Shotgun project (PMID: 22740664). In this study, more extensive genomic analysis was performed to identify specific genes or gene clusters which related to its competitive feature, and further experiments were carried out to confirm the physiological roles of these genes when competing with other microorganisms in marine environment. RESULTS The antibacterial protein PfaP may also participate in the biosynthesis of 6-bromoindolyl-3-acetic acid, indicating a synergistic effect between the antibacterial macromolecule and small molecules. Chitinases and quorum quenching enzymes present in P. flavipulchra, which coincide with great chitinase and acyl homoserine lactones degrading activities of strain JG1, suggest other potential mechanisms contribute to antibacterial/antifungal activities. Moreover, movability and rapid response mechanisms to phosphorus starvation and other stresses, such as antibiotic, oxidative and heavy metal stress, enable JG1 to adapt to deleterious, fluctuating and oligotrophic marine environments. CONCLUSIONS The genome of P. flavipulchra JG1 exhibits significant genetic advantages against other microorganisms, encoding antimicrobial agents as well as abilities to adapt to various adverse environments. Genes involved in synthesis of various antimicrobial substances enriches the antagonistic mechanisms of P. flavipulchra JG1 and affords several admissible biocontrol procedures in aquaculture. Furthermore, JG1 also evolves a range of mechanisms adapting the adverse marine environment or multidrug rearing conditions. The analysis of the genome of P. flavipulchra JG1 provides a better understanding of its competitive properties and also an extensive application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kaihao Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiwen Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaochong Shi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tobias AM Gulder
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Mailing address: College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
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137
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Choosing an appropriate infection model to study quorum sensing inhibition in Pseudomonas infections. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:19309-40. [PMID: 24065108 PMCID: PMC3794835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140919309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria, although considered for decades to be antisocial organisms whose sole purpose is to find nutrients and multiply are, in fact, highly communicative organisms. Referred to as quorum sensing, cell-to-cell communication mechanisms have been adopted by bacteria in order to co-ordinate their gene expression. By behaving as a community rather than as individuals, bacteria can simultaneously switch on their virulence factor production and establish successful infections in eukaryotes. Understanding pathogen-host interactions requires the use of infection models. As the use of rodents is limited, for ethical considerations and the high costs associated with their use, alternative models based on invertebrates have been developed. Invertebrate models have the benefits of low handling costs, limited space requirements and rapid generation of results. This review presents examples of such models available for studying the pathogenicity of the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Quorum sensing interference, known as quorum quenching, suggests a promising disease-control strategy since quorum-quenching mechanisms appear to play important roles in microbe-microbe and host-pathogen interactions. Examples of natural and synthetic quorum sensing inhibitors and their potential as antimicrobials in Pseudomonas-related infections are discussed in the second part of this review.
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138
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Santiago-Rodriguez TM, Toranzos GA, Bayman P, Massey SE, Cano RJ. Sociomicrobiome of wood decay in a tropical rain forest: unraveling complexity. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:435. [PMID: 24052931 PMCID: PMC3776085 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Given that microbial interactions in nature are very complex, we propose that quorum-sensing, as well as quorum-quenching, phenazine and secondary metabolite production, resistance and toxin-antitoxin systems within a microbial community should all comprise the battery of processes involving the study of what we would define as the “sociomicrobiome”. In the present study the genes/molecules, subsystems and taxonomic breakup of the mentioned processes were identified in decaying tropical wood from the El Yunque rainforest in Puerto Rico, and soil using a shotgun metagenomic approach. The rapid decomposition of wood and litter in tropical regions suggests that processes in these settings are governed by unexplored microbes with the potential of being further studied and exploited for various purposes. Both ecosystems were characterized by the presence of specific genes/molecules, subsystems and microbes associated with the mentioned processes, although the average abundances for specific processes differed. Of the sociomicrobiomes studied, that from El Yunque was found to be the most complex. The approach considered in the present study could also be applied to study the sociomicrobiome of other ecosystems.
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139
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Quorum quenching enzymes and their application in degrading signal molecules to block quorum sensing-dependent infection. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17477-500. [PMID: 24065091 PMCID: PMC3794736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140917477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, the available options for treating bacterial infections have become very limited, and the search for a novel general antibacterial therapy has received much greater attention. Quorum quenching can be used to control disease in a quorum sensing system by triggering the pathogenic phenotype. The interference with the quorum sensing system by the quorum quenching enzyme is a potential strategy for replacing traditional antibiotics because the quorum quenching strategy does not aim to kill the pathogen or limit cell growth but to shut down the expression of the pathogenic gene. Quorum quenching enzymes have been identified in quorum sensing and non-quorum sensing microbes, including lactonase, acylase, oxidoreductase and paraoxonase. Lactonase is widely conserved in a range of bacterial species and has variable substrate spectra. The existence of quorum quenching enzymes in the quorum sensing microbes can attenuate their quorum sensing, leading to blocking unnecessary gene expression and pathogenic phenotypes. In this review, we discuss the physiological function of quorum quenching enzymes in bacterial infection and elucidate the enzymatic protection in quorum sensing systems for host diseases and their application in resistance against microbial diseases.
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140
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Carius L, Carius AB, McIntosh M, Grammel H. Quorum sensing influences growth and photosynthetic membrane production in high-cell-density cultivations of Rhodospirillum rubrum. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:189. [PMID: 23927486 PMCID: PMC3751510 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The facultative anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum exhibits versatile metabolic activity allowing the adaptation to rapidly changing growth conditions in its natural habitat, the microaerobic and anoxic zones of stagnant waters. The microaerobic growth mode is of special interest as it allows the high-level expression of photosynthetic membranes when grown on succinate and fructose in the dark, which could significantly simplify the industrial production of compounds associated with PM formation. However, recently we showed that PM synthesis is no longer inducible when R. rubrum cultures are grown to high cell densities under aerobic conditions. In addition a reduction of the growth rate and the continued accumulation of precursor molecules for bacteriochlorophyll synthesis were observed under high cell densities conditions. RESULTS In the present work, we demonstrate that the cell density-dependent effects are reversible if the culture supernatant is replaced by fresh medium. We identified six N-acylhomoserine lactones and show that four of them are produced in varying amounts according to the growth phase and the applied growth conditions. Further, we demonstrate that N-acylhomoserine lactones and tetrapyrrole compounds released into the growth medium affect the growth rate and PM expression in high cell density cultures. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we provide evidence that R. rubrum possesses a Lux-type quorum sensing system which influences the biosynthesis of PM and the growth rate and is thus likely to be involved in the phenotypes of high cell density cultures and the rapid adaptation to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Carius
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr, 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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141
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Henkel M, Schmidberger A, Kühnert C, Beuker J, Bernard T, Schwartz T, Syldatk C, Hausmann R. Kinetic modeling of the time course of N-butyryl-homoserine lactone concentration during batch cultivations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:7607-16. [PMID: 23780585 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing affects the regulation of more than 300 genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, influencing growth, biofilm formation, and the biosynthesis of several products. The quorum sensing regulation mechanisms are mostly described in a qualitative character. Particularly, in this study, the kinetics of N-butyryl-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) and rhamnolipid formation in P. aeruginosa PAO1 were of interest. In this system, the expression of the rhamnolipid biosynthesis genes rhlAB is directly coupled to the C4-HSL concentration via the rhl system. Batch cultivations in a bioreactor with sunflower oil have been used for these investigations. 3-oxo-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone (3o-C12-HSL) displayed a lipophilic character and accumulated in the hydrophobic phase. Degradation of C4-HSL has been found to occur in the aqueous supernatant of the culture by yet unknown extracellular mechanisms, and production was found to be proportional to biomass concentration rather than by autoinduction mechanisms. Rhamnolipid production rates, as determined experimentally, were shown to correlate linearly with the concentration of autoinducer C4-HSL. These findings were used to derive a simple model, wherein a putative, extracellular protein with C4-HSL degrading activity was assumed (putative C4-HSL acylase). The model is based on data for catalytic efficiency of HSL-acylases extracted from literature (k cat/K m), experimentally determined basal C4-HSL production rates (q C4 - HSL (basal)), and two fitted parameters which describe the formation of the putative acylase and is therefore comparatively simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Henkel
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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142
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Schmidberger A, Henkel M, Hausmann R, Schwartz T. Expression of genes involved in rhamnolipid synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in a bioreactor cultivation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:5779-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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143
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Quorum sensing inhibitors: An overview. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:224-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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144
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Wahjudi M, Murugappan S, van Merkerk R, Eissens AC, Visser MR, Hinrichs WL, Quax WJ. Development of a dry, stable and inhalable acyl–homoserine–lactone–acylase powder formulation for the treatment of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 48:637-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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145
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Cheong WS, Lee CH, Moon YH, Oh HS, Kim SR, Lee SH, Lee CH, Lee JK. Isolation and Identification of Indigenous Quorum Quenching Bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. 1A1, for Biofouling Control in MBR. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie303146f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Suk Cheong
- School of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Seoul National University,
Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Chi-Ho Lee
- Departments
of Life Science
and Genetic Engineering, Paichai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Moon
- School of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Seoul National University,
Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Seoul National University,
Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Sang-Ryoung Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Seoul National University,
Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Sang H Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Seoul National University,
Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Chung-Hak Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Seoul National University,
Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Jung-Kee Lee
- Departments
of Life Science
and Genetic Engineering, Paichai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea
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146
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Endophytic actinomycetes: a novel source of potential acyl homoserine lactone degrading enzymes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:782847. [PMID: 23484156 PMCID: PMC3581087 DOI: 10.1155/2013/782847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Several Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria employ N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone (HSL) quorum sensing (QS) system to control their virulence traits. Degradation of acyl-HSL signal molecules by quorum quenching enzyme (QQE) results in a loss of pathogenicity in QS-dependent organisms. The QQE activity of actinomycetes in rhizospheric soil and inside plant tissue was explored in order to obtain novel strains with high HSL-degrading activity. Among 344 rhizospheric and 132 endophytic isolates, 127 (36.9%) and 68 (51.5%) of them, respectively, possessed the QQE activity. The highest HSL-degrading activity was at 151.30 ± 3.1 nmole/h/mL from an endophytic actinomycetes isolate, LPC029. The isolate was identified as Streptomyces based on 16S
rRNA gene sequence similarity. The QQE from LPC029 revealed HSL-acylase activity that was able to cleave an amide bond of acyl-side chain in HSL substrate as determined by HPLC. LPC029 HSL-acylase showed broad substrate specificity from C6- to C12-HSL in which C10HSL is the most favorable substrate for this enzyme. In an in vitro pathogenicity assay, the partially purified HSL-acylase efficiently suppressed soft rot of potato caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum as demonstrated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of HSL-acylase activity derived from an endophytic Streptomyces.
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147
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Schalk IJ, Guillon L. Pyoverdine biosynthesis and secretion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: implications for metal homeostasis. Environ Microbiol 2012; 15:1661-73. [PMID: 23126435 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pyoverdines are siderophores produced by fluorescent Pseudomonads to acquire iron. At least 60 different pyoverdines produced by diverse strains have been chemically characterized. They all consist of a dihydroquinoline-type chromophore linked to a peptide. These peptides are of various lengths and the sequences are strain specific. Pyoverdine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fluorescent Pseudomonads is a complex process involving at least 12 different proteins, starting in the cytoplasm and ending in the periplasm. The cellular localization of pyoverdine precursors was recently shown to be consistent with their biosynthetic enzymes. In the cytoplasm, pyoverdine appears to be assembled at the inner membrane and particularly at the old cell pole of the bacterium. Mature pyoverdine is uniformly distributed throughout the periplasm, like the periplasmic enzyme PvdQ. Secretion of pyoverdine involves a recently identified ATP-dependent efflux pump, PvdRT-OpmQ. This efflux system does not only secrete newly synthesized pyoverdine but also pyoverdine that already transported iron into the bacterial periplasm and any pyoverdine-metal complex other than ferri-pyoverdine present in the periplasm. This review considers how these new insights into pyoverdine biosynthesis and secretion contribute to our understanding of the role of pyoverdine in iron and metal homeostasis in fluorescent Pseudomonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle J Schalk
- UMR 7242, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, ESBS, Blvd Sébastien Brant, F-67413 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France.
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148
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Fan X, Liu X, Liu Y. The cloning and characterization of one novel metagenome-derived thermostable esterase acting on N-acylhomoserine lactones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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149
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Wang L, Zhang C, Gong F, Li H, Xie X, Xia C, Chen J, Song Y, Shen A, Song J. Influence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pvdQ gene on altering antibiotic susceptibility under swarming conditions. Curr Microbiol 2012; 66:152-61. [PMID: 23090643 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, the pvdQ gene has been shown to have at least two functions. It encodes the acylase enzyme and hydrolyzes 3-oxo-C12-HSL, the key signaling molecule of quorum sensing system. In addition, pvdQ is involved in swarming motility. It is required and up-regulated during swarming motility, which is triggered by high cell densities. As high density bacterial populations also display elevated antibiotics resistance, studies have demonstrated swarm-cell differentiation in P. aeruginosa promotes increased resistance to various antibiotics. PvdQ acts as a signal during swarm-cell differentiation, and thus may play a role in P. aeruginosa antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to examine whether pvdQ was involved in modifying antibiotic susceptibility during swarming conditions and to investigate the mechanism by which this occurred. We constructed the PAO1pMEpvdQ strain, which overproduces PvdQ. PAO1pMEpvdQ promotes swarming motility, while PAO1ΔpvdQ abolishes swarming motility. In addition, both PAO1 and PAO1pMEpvdQ acquired resistance to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, polymyxin B, and gentamicin, though PAO1pMEpvdQ exhibited a twofold to eightfold increase in antibiotic resistance compared to PAO1. These results indicate that pvdQ plays an important role in elevating antibiotic resistance via swarm-cell differentiation and possibly other mechanisms as well. We analyzed outer membrane permeability. Our data also suggest that pvdQ decreases P. aeruginosa outer membrane permeability, thereby elevating antibiotic resistance under swarming conditions. Our results suggest new approaches for reducing P. aeruginosa resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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Huang W, Lin Y, Yi S, Liu P, Shen J, Shao Z, Liu Z. QsdH, a novel AHL lactonase in the RND-type inner membrane of marine Pseudoalteromonas byunsanensis strain 1A01261. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46587. [PMID: 23056356 PMCID: PMC3466314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) are the main quorum-sensing (QS) signals in gram-negative bacteria. AHLs trigger the expression of genes for particular biological functions when their density reaches a threshold. In this study, we identified and cloned the qsdH gene by screening a genomic library of Pseudoalteromonas byunsanensis strain 1A01261, which has AHL-degrading activity. The qsdH gene encoded a GDSL hydrolase found to be located in the N-terminus of a multidrug efflux transporter protein of the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) family. We further confirmed that the GDSL hydrolase, QsdH, exhibited similar AHL-degrading activity to the full-length ORF protein. QsdH was expressed and purified to process the N-terminal signal peptide yielding a 27-kDa mature protein. QsdH was capable of inactivating AHLs with an acyl chain ranging from C4 to C14 with or without 3-oxo substitution. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analyses showed that QsdH functioned as an AHL lactonase to hydrolyze the ester bond of the homoserine lactone ring of AHLs. In addition, site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that QsdH contained oxyanion holes (Ser-Gly-Asn) in conserved blocks (I, II, and III), which had important roles in its AHL-degrading activity. Furthermore, the lactonase activity of QsdH was slightly promoted by several divalent ions. Using in silico prediction, we concluded that QsdH was located at the first periplasmic loop of the multidrug efflux transporter protein, which is essential to substrate selectivity for these efflux pumps. These findings led us to assume that the QsdH lactonase and C-terminal efflux pump might be effective in quenching QS of the P. byunsanensis strain 1A01261. Moreover, it was observed that recombinant Escherichia coli producing QsdH proteins attenuated the plant pathogenicity of Erwinia carotovora, which might have potential to control of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shuyuan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Pengfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zongze Shao
- The State Oceanic Administration, The Third Marine Research Institute, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Ziduo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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