101
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Gyger M, Perreault C, Belanger R, Bonny Y, Forest L, Lussier P. Unsuspected Fanconi's anemia and bone marrow transplantation in cases of acute myelomonocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 1989; 321:120-1. [PMID: 2659993 DOI: 10.1056/nejm198907133210213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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102
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Matsumoto A, Vos JM, Hanawalt PC. Repair analysis of mitomycin C-induced DNA crosslinking in ribosomal RNA genes in lymphoblastoid cells from Fanconi's anemia patients. Mutat Res 1989; 217:185-92. [PMID: 2497343 DOI: 10.1016/0921-8777(89)90070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The repair of mitomycin C (MMC)-induced DNA crosslinking was analyzed by denaturation-renaturation gel electrophoresis in ribosomal RNA genes in lymphoblastoid cell lines from 4 patients with Fanconi's anemia (FA). In comparison to normal lymphoblastoid cell lines, 2 lines of FA cells belonging to complementation group A clearly exhibited higher sensitivity to MMC and an almost identical deficiency in the removal of DNA crosslinking. A complementation group B cell line, HSC 62, exhibited a lower sensitivity than group A cells and a lesser deficiency in crosslink repair. Another 'non-A' group cell line, HSC 230, reproducibly exhibited even higher sensitivity to MMC than group A cells. The results on MMC crosslinkage removal at the molecular level correlated well with cell survival. The observed subtle differences of repair among the 4 FA cell lines might represent possible genetic differences in the respective FA complementation groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matsumoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, CA 94305-5020
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103
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore
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104
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Dean SW, Sykes HR, Lehmann AR. Inactivation by nitrogen mustard of plasmids introduced into normal and Fanconi's anaemia cells. Mutat Res 1988; 194:57-63. [PMID: 3164443 DOI: 10.1016/0167-8817(88)90056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An SV40-transformed Fanconi's anaemia (FA) cell line, GM6914, exhibits approximately 2.4-fold increased sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of nitrogen mustard (NM) when compared with the normal line, MRC5-V1. Host cell reactivation of NM-treated plasmid has been investigated using transient expression vectors which contain the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. In both cell types there is a similar, dose-dependent reduction in CAT expression which correlates with an increase in NM-induced DNA-interstrand crosslinking. The data are consistent with two possible mechanisms for inactivation of the plasmid. Either a single crosslink anywhere within the plasmid is sufficient to prevent transcription of the cat gene. Alternatively, inactivation may result from some other more prevalent NM-induced lesions within the cat coding sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Dean
- MRC Cell Mutation Unit, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, Great Britain
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105
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Rogatko A, Auerbach AD. Segregation analysis with uncertain ascertainment: application to Fanconi anemia. Am J Hum Genet 1988; 42:889-97. [PMID: 3369448 PMCID: PMC1715212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A Bayesian solution for making inferences about segregation parameters with no information about the ascertainment is presented. Inferences about the segregation probability and the probability of being sporadic are made through the posterior marginal distribution of these parameters after integrating out the ascertainment probability, the nuisance parameter. The method was tested with real and simulated data and performed well. Original Fanconi anemia data, for which no information about the ascertainment was available, were then analyzed, with results that confirmed a monogenic autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rogatko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021
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106
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Pincheira J, Bravo M, López-Sáez JF. Fanconi's anemia lymphocytes: effect of caffeine, adenosine and niacinamide during G2 prophase. Mutat Res 1988; 199:159-65. [PMID: 2966295 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(88)90241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation peripheral blood lymphocytes from 3 Fanconi's anemia (FA) patients, 2 FA heterozygotes and 4 normal subjects were treated with caffeine and/or adenosine, and/or niacinamide during G2 prophase. Caffeine dramatically increased breakage levels in homozygote and heterozygote cells. Niacinamide and adenosine decreased the amount of chromosomal aberrations detected in FA homozygote and heterozygote lymphocytes treated and untreated with caffeine during G2 prophase. Caffeine sensitivity of heterozygote lymphocytes is proposed as a new clinical test to explore heterozygosis in individuals of FA families.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pincheira
- Depto. de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago
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107
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Aguilar-Martinez A, Lautre-Ecenarro MJ, Urbina-González F, Cristóbal-Gil MC, Guerra-Rodriguez P, García-Pérez A. Cytogenetic abnormalities in dyskeratosis congenita--report of five cases. Clin Exp Dermatol 1988; 13:100-4. [PMID: 3214948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1988.tb00668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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108
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Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne's syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia, Fanconi anemia, and Bloom's syndrome are autosomal recessive diseases with cellular defects in the ability to process DNA damage. Although these diseases are rare, they are seen occasionally in practice and provide insight into the mechanisms of DNA repair and replication in humans. The authors will review the clinical and cytological presentation of each disease, the genetic heterogeneity, as inferred by complementation analysis, and the differentiating characteristics of each. The authors will conclude with a discussion of the state of current research on each disease and possible directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Timme
- Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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109
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Papadopoulo D, Averbeck D, Moustacchi E. The fate of 8-methoxypsoralen-photoinduced DNA interstrand crosslinks in Fanconi's anemia cells of defined genetic complementation groups. Mutat Res 1987; 184:271-80. [PMID: 3670329 DOI: 10.1016/0167-8817(87)90026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The fate of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP)-photoinduced DNA interstrand crosslinks was followed by alkaline elution in Fanconi's anemia (FA) fibroblasts belonging to complementation groups A (FA 150 and FA 402) and B (FA 145) in comparison to a normal (1 BR/3) and a heterozygote (F 311) cell line. Clonogenic cell survival to 8-MOP photoaddition was established in parallel for all cell lines. In comparison to normal cells, group A FA cells demonstrated a higher photosensitivity than group B cells (sensitivity index 2.3 and 1.5, respectively), the heterozygote cell line being only slightly more sensitive. FA cells from both groups A and B demonstrated an incision capacity of crosslinks, the kinetics and extent of which being, however, different from that of normal or heterozygote cells. The incision is slower in FA cells and, at 24 h of post-treatment incubation, the amount of crosslinks incised is clearly lower than that observed in normal cells for group A cells, whereas in group B cells incision approaches the level of normal cells. These results correlate with survival as well as with rates of DNA semi-conservative synthesis after 8-MOP photoaddition.
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110
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Buchwald M, Ng J, Clarke C, Duckworth-Rysiecki G. Studies of gene transfer and reversion to mitomycin C resistance in Fanconi anemia cells. Mutat Res 1987; 184:153-9. [PMID: 3114627 DOI: 10.1016/0167-8817(87)90072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As a first step to the cloning of the Fanconi anemia (FA) gene, we have attempted to correct the sensitivity of FA cells to DNA crosslinking agents by the introduction of wild-type DNA. The protocol involved the introduction of both genomic and pRSVneo DNA, selection for G418-resistant colonies and the subsequent selection of mitomycin C-resistant cells from the latter. Preliminary experiments indicated that untransformed FA cells were not suitable recipients for the introduction of foreign DNA, so all experiments were performed with an SV40-transformed FA cell line. Approximately 40,000 G418-resistant colonies were obtained in 5 separate experiments at an overall frequency of about 5 X 10(-4). These were then selected in mitomycin C and 15 colonies were recovered. Colonies were obtained with wild-type DNA (both human and rodent) and with FA DNA at about the same frequency of 2 X 10(-7). Colonies were isolated and shown to have a stable, partial (from 25 to 90% of wild-type) resistance to mitomycin C. One colony was also shown to be partially resistant to two other DNA crosslinking agents, diepoxybutane and nitrogen mustard. This clone also had an intermediate level of spontaneous and MMC-induced chromosome aberrations. pRSVneo, but not rodent, DNA could be demonstrated in the high molecular weight fraction of several colonies. Thus, it is likely that these colonies represent partial revertants rather than transfectants. These mitomycin C-resistant FA cells should be useful for the biochemical analysis of the FA mutation.
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111
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Abstract
Several observations in the recent literature have indicated that Fanconi anemia (FA) cells may be primarily deficient in the detoxification of activated oxygen species. To evaluate the antioxidant status of FA fibroblasts, we measured Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), CuZn-containing superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, as well as cellular glutathione contents and total nonenzymatic antioxidant potential in FA and control fibroblasts at multiple time points during a single passage. All parameters exhibited a characteristic pattern of changes during a period of 19 days following trypsinization. Unlike FA erythrocytes, which are known to be deficient in CuZn-SOD, FA fibroblasts exhibited normal CuZn-SOD activities. Also, the nonenzymatic "antioxidant potential" as well as glutathione levels were similar in FA and control fibroblasts. However, Mn-SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were consistently higher in FA fibroblasts. We hypothesize that the elevation of these enzyme activities might reflect a cellular "prooxidant" state in FA resulting from an increased formation of endogenous oxidizing molecular species that trigger enhanced synthesis of certain enzymatic antioxidant defenses.
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112
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Moustacchi E, Papadopoulo D, Diatloff-Zito C, Buchwald M. Two complementation groups of Fanconi's anemia differ in their phenotypic response to a DNA-crosslinking treatment. Hum Genet 1987; 75:45-7. [PMID: 3804331 DOI: 10.1007/bf00273837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The two genetic complementation groups reported for Fanconi's anemia (FA) correspond to two phenotypic classes as characterized by measurements of the rate of DNA semiconservative synthesis after 8-methoxypsoralen photoaddition. This test allows a rapid genetic classification of FA patients which appears to be a prerequisite for investigations of the biochemical defect(s) in FA.
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113
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Billardon B, Moustacchi E. Comparison of the sensitivity of Fanconi's anemia and normal fibroblasts to the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges by photoaddition of mono- and bi-functional psoralens. Mutat Res 1986; 174:241-6. [PMID: 3755219 DOI: 10.1016/0165-7992(86)90158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) by photoaddition of a monofunctional furocoumarin (pyrido[3,4-c]psoralen, PyPs) and a bifunctional furocoumarin (8-methoxypsoralen, 8-MOP) in a normal and three Fanconi anemia (FA) fibroblastic cell lines was investigated. When compared to normal cells, the three FA cell lines demonstrated: a higher sensitivity to 8-MOP photoaddition; an equal or reduced sensitivity to PyPs photoaddition in the low dose range. Normal cells demonstrated a higher sensitivity to photoaddition of PyPs than to 8-MOP in the range of doses used; this is likely to be related to the higher amount of lesions induced by PyPs in DNA. Since FA cells were almost equally sensitive to 8-MOP and PyPs photoaddition and demonstrated a higher sensitivity to SCE induction by 8-MOP than normal cells, it can be concluded that this latter difference is mainly due to cross-links.
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114
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Porfirio B, Dallapiccola B, Gandini E. The effect of aphidicolin on Fanconi's anemia lymphocyte chromosomes. Mutat Res 1985; 144:257-63. [PMID: 3934533 DOI: 10.1016/0165-7992(85)90061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cytogenetic effect of the DNA polymerase alpha inhibitor aphidicolin (APC) at a dose which did not affect cell cycle progression was determined in normal and Fanconi's anemia (FA) lymphocytes. APC enhanced sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) levels by about twice both in control and FA cells, while the yields of chromosome breakage increased up to 20 times in normal lymphocytes and 4 times in FA cells. APC did not act synergistically with the bifunctional alkylating diepoxybutane in terms of SCE either in normal or in FA lymphocytes. However, chromosome aberrations in cultures from normal subjects were much more than expected by an additive mode of action.
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115
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Scarpa M, Rigo A, Momo F, Isacchi G, Novelli G, Dallapiccola B. Increased rate of superoxide ion generation in Fanconi anemia erythrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1985; 130:127-32. [PMID: 4026822 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(85)90391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The rate of generation of superoxide ion, the concentration of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase and the hematological parameters were measured in red blood cells obtained from Fanconi anemia patients and from healthy individuals. No significative difference in the superoxide dismutase concentration was found, while the rate of generation of the superoxide ion doubled in Fanconi anemia patients. The steady-state concentration of the superoxide ion was calculated from these data and was found to be 2.3 times higher in Fanconi anemia erythrocytes than in controls. The possible consequences with respect to the alterations in FA are discussed.
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116
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Dallapiccola B, Porfirio B, Mokini V, Alimena G, Isacchi G, Gandini E. Effect of oxidants and antioxidants on chromosomal breakage in Fanconi anemia lymphocytes. Hum Genet 1985; 69:62-5. [PMID: 3967890 DOI: 10.1007/bf00295530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral blood lymphocytes from eight Fanconi anemia (FA) patients, 14 FA heterozygotes, and nine normal subjects have been tested for their susceptibility to chromosomal breakage induction by diepoxybutane (DEB) and by two peroxides. In addition, the effect of five antioxidants was investigated in standard cultures and in cultures stressed either with DEB or with butylhydroperoxide (BHP) or with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). DEB, BHP, and H2O2 dramatically increased the chromosomal breakage levels in homozygous and heterozygous FA cells. A partial correction of chromosomal instability was obtained by treating the patients' lymphocytes with antioxidants. A "protective" effect was also noted in the DEB or peroxide-stressed lymphocytes of patients and heterozygotes, grown in the presence of antioxidants.
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117
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Duckworth-Rysiecki G, Cornish K, Clarke CA, Buchwald M. Identification of two complementation groups in Fanconi anemia. SOMATIC CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 1985; 11:35-41. [PMID: 3919452 DOI: 10.1007/bf01534732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Considerable variation can be observed in the clinical presentation of Fanconi anemia (FA) patients and in the degree of sensitivity of their cells to DNA damaging agents. We have examined the hypothesis that genetic heterogeneity underlies this variation by testing for complementation in somatic cell hybrids constructed from FA cells. Hybrids were formed by fusing lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from four different FA patients. Complementation of the cellular defects in FA was tested by examining sensitivity to growth inhibition by mitomycin C(MMC), spontaneous chromosome breakage, and MMC-induced chromosome breakage in the hybrid cells. These studies revealed the presence of at least two complementation groups, suggesting that there may be two or more different FA genes.
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118
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Duckworth-Rysiecki G, Hultén M, Mann J, Taylor AM. Clinical and cytogenetic diversity in Fanconi's anaemia. J Med Genet 1984; 21:197-203. [PMID: 6431107 PMCID: PMC1049266 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.21.3.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abnormally high levels of spontaneous and mitomycin C or diepoxybutane induced chromosome breakage were observed in lymphocytes from eight out of nine previously undescribed patients clinically diagnosed as having Fanconi's anaemia. The results suggest that the combination of spontaneous and induced chromosome breakage is a good aid in the differential diagnosis and we suggest that increased chromosome breakage is pathognomonic for this recessive disorder. It is, however, not possible to demonstrate consistently raised levels of induced chromosome breakage in obligate carriers. The patient who had normal levels of chromosome breakage had an atypical haematological picture and may suffer from a disease genetically different from Fanconi's anaemia.
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119
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Akar N, Gözdaşoğlu S. Spectrum of anomalies in Fanconi anaemia. J Med Genet 1984; 21:75-6. [PMID: 6694193 PMCID: PMC1049220 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.21.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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120
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Correspondence. J Med Genet 1984. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.21.1.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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121
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Poll EH, Arwert F, Kortbeek HT, Eriksson AW. Fanconi anaemia cells are not uniformly deficient in unhooking of DNA interstrand crosslinks, induced by mitomycin C or 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA. Hum Genet 1984; 68:228-34. [PMID: 6437965 DOI: 10.1007/bf00418393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) cells are extremely sensitive to crosslinking agents, e.g. mitomycin C, but only moderately sensitive to trimethylpsoralen plus UVA. Evidence has been reported suggesting that there is a deficient DNA crosslink repair mechanism in FA cells, but others failed to confirm this conclusion using other methods and other crosslinking agents. We reinvestigated the mitomycin C and 8-methoxypsoralen crosslink repair in FA cells with a high sensitivity to mitomycin C. Although an essentially similar methodology was used to that previously described, no difference between the control and FA cell strains was observed, neither for mitomycin C- nor for 8-methoxypsoralen-induced crosslinks.
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122
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Abstract
Blood samples from four healthy individuals and from seven Fanconi anaemia (FA) patients were cultured at oxygen tensions ranging from 3% to 45% O2. Cultures were harvested at 72 h and scored for chromosomal aberrations. In the majority of FA patients the aberration frequency showed a tendency to increase as a function of oxygen tension over the culture, whereas the aberration frequency in healthy individuals was not affected. However, the response in FA cultures was variable among patients and in individual cases when assayed on different occasions. A much stronger effect of oxygen tension was observed when the FA blood samples had been treated with mitomycin C (0.25 microgram/ml, 30 min) before culture initiation.
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123
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Kwee ML, Poll EH, van de Kamp JJ, de Koning H, Eriksson AW, Joenje H. Unusual response to bifunctional alkylating agents in a case of Fanconi anaemia. Hum Genet 1983; 64:384-7. [PMID: 6413386 DOI: 10.1007/bf00292372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal breakage frequencies were determined in Fanconi anaemia (FA) blood cultures treated with various concentrations of the polyfunctional alkylating agents mitomycin C, diepoxybutane, and cis-platinum(II)-diammine-dichloride, for which FA cells have a characteristic hypersensitivity. At concentrations that hardly affected control cultures, three out of four patients tested exhibited a concentration-dependent increase of cells with aberrant chromosomes, with a concomitant increase in the number of chromosomal aberrations per aberrant cell. The fourth patient, a 22-year-old male, was exceptional because with all three clastogens only 40% of his cultured cells exhibited a typical concentration-dependent response, while 60% of his cells responded like those from normal healthy controls. The possible nature and significance of this unusual response is discussed.
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