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Abstract
From a clinical perspective, there is a need for a reliable and comprehensive list of diseases causing AA amyloidosis. This list could guide clinicians in the evaluation of patients with AA amyloidosis in whom an obvious cause is lacking. In this systematic review, a PubMed, Embase and Web of Science literature search were performed on causes of AA amyloidosis published in the last four decades. Initially, 4066 unique titles were identified, but only 795 full-text articles and letters were finally selected for analysis. Titles were excluded because of non-AA type of amyloidosis, language, no full-text publication or irrelevance. Hundred and fifty diseases were initially reported to be associated with the development of AA amyloidosis. The presence of AA amyloid was proven in 208 articles (26% of all) of which 140 (67%) showed a strong association with an underlying disease process. Disease associations were categorized and 48 were listed as strong, 19 as weak, 23 as unclear, and 60 as unlikely. Most newly described diseases are not really unexpected because they often cause longstanding inflammation. Based on the spectrum of identified causes, a pragmatic diagnostic approach is proposed for the AA amyloidosis patient in whom an obvious underlying disease is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Floor Brunger
- Departments of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Amyloidosis Center of Expertise, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans L A Nienhuis
- Amyloidosis Center of Expertise, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Bijzet
- Departments of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Amyloidosis Center of Expertise, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bouke P C Hazenberg
- Departments of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Amyloidosis Center of Expertise, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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102
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Naiki H, Sekijima Y, Ueda M, Ohashi K, Hoshii Y, Shimoda M, Ando Y. Human amyloidosis, still intractable but becoming curable: The essential role of pathological diagnosis in the selection of type-specific therapeutics. Pathol Int 2020; 70:191-198. [PMID: 31961039 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of human amyloidosis has been elucidated greatly during the last 20 years. Based on the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of amyloid fibril formation and deposition, various kinds of new drugs and therapeutics have been emerging to improve the prognosis of amyloidosis and even cure this disease. In this review article, we first summarize the pathogenesis and state-of-the-art therapeutics of representative types of systemic human amyloidosis, that is, immunoglobulin light chain-related, transthyretin-related, amyloid A-associated and β2 -microglobulin-related amyloidosis. Next, we describe the essential roles of pathological diagnosis, especially the typing diagnosis of amyloidosis to appropriately guide type-specific therapies of amyloidosis patients. Finally, we introduce the activities of the government-funded group for surveys and research of amyloidosis in Japan, especially the nation-wide pathology consultation system of amyloidosis, which started in April 2018. The nation-wide improvement of the typing diagnosis of amyloidosis is essential for the appropriate treatment and care of amyloidosis patients in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Naiki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sekijima
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohashi
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Hoshii
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Amyloidosis Research, Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki, Japan
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103
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Li JP, Zhang X. Implications of Heparan Sulfate and Heparanase in Amyloid Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:631-645. [PMID: 32274729 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidosis refers to a group of diseases characterized by abnormal deposition of denatured endogenous proteins, termed amyloid, in the affected organs. Analysis of biopsy and autopsy tissues from patients revealed the presence of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) along with amyloid proteins in the deposits. For a long time, HSPGs were believed to occur in the deposits as an innocent bystander. Yet, the consistent presence of HSPGs in various deposits, regardless of the amyloid species, led to the hypothesis that these macromolecular glycoconjugates might play functional roles in the pathological process of amyloidosis. In vitro studies have revealed that HSPGs, or more precisely, the heparan sulfate (HS) side chains interact with amyloid peptides, thus promoting amyloid fibrillization. Although information on the mechanisms of HS participation in amyloid deposition is limited, recent studies involving a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease point to an active role of HS in amyloid formation. Heparanase cleavage alters the molecular structure of HS, and thus modulates the functional roles of HS in homeostasis, as well as in diseases, including amyloidosis. The heparanase transgenic mice have provided models for unveiling the effects of heparanase, through cleavage of HS, in various amyloidosis conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology and the SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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104
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Computational studies of protein aggregation mediated by amyloid: Fibril elongation and secondary nucleation. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 170:461-504. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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105
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Yuan ZY, Zhang XX, Wu YJ, Zeng ZP, She WM, Chen SY, Zhang YQ, Guo JS. Serum amyloid A levels in patients with liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:6440-6450. [PMID: 31798280 PMCID: PMC6881510 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i43.6440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein mainly synthesized by the liver. SAA induces inflammatory phenotype and promotes cell proliferation in activated hepatic stellate cells, the major scar forming cells in the liver. However, few studies have reported on the serum levels of SAA in human liver disease and its clinical significance in various liver diseases.
AIM To investigate the serum levels of SAA in patients with different liver diseases and analyze the factors associated with the alteration of SAA levels in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.
METHODS Two hundred and seventy-eight patients with different liver diseases and 117 healthy controls were included in this study. The patients included 205 with CHB, 22 with active autoimmune liver disease (AILD), 21 with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 14 with drug-induced liver injury (DILI), and 16 with pyogenic liver abscess. Serum levels of SAA and other clinical parameters were collected for the analysis of the factors associated with SAA level. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the serum SAA levels of patients with various liver diseases with those of healthy controls. Bonferroni test was applied for post hoc comparisons to control the probability of type 1 error (alpha = 0.05/6 = 0.008). For statistical tests of other variables, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistically significant factors determined by single factor analysis were further analyzed by binary multivariate logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS All patients with active liver diseases had higher serum SAA levels than healthy controls and the inactive CHB patients, with the highest SAA level found in patients with pyogenic liver abscess (398.4 ± 246.8 mg/L). Patients with active AILD (19.73 ± 24.81 mg/L) or DILI (8.036 ± 5.685 mg/L) showed higher SAA levels than those with active CHB (6.621 ± 6.776 mg/L) and NASH (6.624 ± 4.891 mg/L). Single (P < 0.001) and multivariate logistic regression analyses (P = 0.039) for the CHB patients suggested that patients with active CHB were associated with an SAA serum level higher than 6.4 mg/L. Serum levels of SAA and CRP (C-reactive protein) were positively correlated in patients with CHB (P < 0.001), pyogenic liver abscess (P = 0.045), and active AILD (P = 0.02). Serum levels of SAA (0.80-871.0 mg/L) had a broader fluctuation range than CRP (0.30-271.3 mg/L).
CONCLUSION Serum level of SAA is a sensitive biomarker for inflammatory activity of pyogenic liver abscess. It may also be a weak marker reflecting milder inflammatory status in the liver of patients with CHB and other active liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ying Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xing-Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Jing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei-Min She
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Yao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
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106
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Cryo-EM structure and polymorphism of Aβ amyloid fibrils purified from Alzheimer's brain tissue. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4760. [PMID: 31664019 PMCID: PMC6820800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of Aβ amyloid fibrils is a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. However, the structure of Aβ amyloid fibrils from brain tissue is poorly understood. Here we report the purification of Aβ amyloid fibrils from meningeal Alzheimer's brain tissue and their structural analysis with cryo-electron microscopy. We show that these fibrils are polymorphic but consist of similarly structured protofilaments. Brain derived Aβ amyloid fibrils are right-hand twisted and their peptide fold differs sharply from previously analyzed Aβ fibrils that were formed in vitro. These data underscore the importance to use patient-derived amyloid fibrils when investigating the structural basis of the disease.
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107
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Çakan M, Aktay Ayaz N, Keskindemirci G, Karadağ ŞG, Tanatar A, Sönmez HE. Serum amyloid A as a biomarker in differentiating attacks of familial Mediterranean fever from acute febrile infections. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 39:249-253. [PMID: 31485845 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the capability of serum amyloid A (SAA) in differentiating attacks of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) from acute febrile upper respiratory tract infections. METHOD Children diagnosed with FMF during febrile attacks were recorded as the patient group. The control group consisted of children with febrile upper respiratory tract infections. Complete blood count, serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were recorded in both groups during febrile episodes. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 28 children with FMF attack and 28 previously healthy children with acute febrile infection. While CRP and SAA levels were elevated in both groups, elevations during FMF attacks were significantly higher in the FMF group than in the control group. Median CRP was 85 mg/L in the FMF attack group and was 36 mg/L in the control group (p = 0.001). Median SAA was 497.5 mg/L in the FMF attack group and was 131.5 mg/L in the control group (p < 0.001). Correlation analyses showed that SAA and CRP were positively correlated in the FMF attack group (r = 0.446, p = 0.01). The best cut-off value for SAA in differentiating FMF attack from an acute febrile infection was 111.5 mg/L (sensitivity 100%, specificity 65.1%, area under curve (AUC) = 0.78, confidence interval 0.66-0.90, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Serum amyloid A is a sensitive but not specific marker for demonstrating inflammation in FMF. SAA levels rise substantially in febrile upper respiratory tract infections.Key Points• SAA levels rise substantially in febrile upper respiratory tract infections.• SAA is a sensitive but not specific method for demonstrating inflammation.• SAA cut-off value for discriminating FMF attacks from febrile infection is 111.5 mg/L (sensitivity 100%, specificity 65.1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Çakan
- Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Research and Training Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Health Sciences, Atakent 34303 221.Sk Kucukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nuray Aktay Ayaz
- Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Research and Training Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Health Sciences, Atakent 34303 221.Sk Kucukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gonca Keskindemirci
- Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Research and Training Hospital, Clinic of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Atakent 34303 221.Sk Kucukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şerife Gül Karadağ
- Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Research and Training Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Health Sciences, Atakent 34303 221.Sk Kucukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Tanatar
- Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Research and Training Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Health Sciences, Atakent 34303 221.Sk Kucukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hafize Emine Sönmez
- Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Research and Training Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Health Sciences, Atakent 34303 221.Sk Kucukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey
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108
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Chapman J, Dogan A. Fibrinogen alpha amyloidosis: insights from proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:783-793. [PMID: 31443619 PMCID: PMC6788741 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1659137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic amyloidosis is a diverse group of diseases that, although rare, pose a serious health issue and can lead to organ failure and death. Amyloid typing is essential in determining the causative protein and initiating proper treatment. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics is currently the most sensitive and accurate means of typing amyloid. Areas covered: Amyloidosis can be systemic or localized, acquired or hereditary, and can affect any organ or tissue. Diagnosis requires biopsy, histological analysis, and typing of the causative protein to determine treatment. The kidneys are the most commonly affected organ in systemic disease. Fibrinogen alpha chain amyloidosis (AFib) is the most prevalent form of hereditary renal amyloidosis. Select mutations in the fibrinogen Aα (FGA) gene lead to AFib. Expert commentary: Mass spectrometry is currently the most specific and sensitive method for amyloid typing. Identification of the mutated fibrinogen alpha chain can be difficult in the case of 'private' frameshift mutations, which dramatically change the sequences of the expressed fibrinogen alpha chain. A combination of expert pathologist review, mass spectrometry, and gene sequencing can allow for confident diagnosis and determination of the fibrinogen alpha chain mutated sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Chapman
- Hematopathology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Hematopathology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , NY , USA
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109
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Long-Standing Unresolved Primary Biliary Cholangitis Leading to Systemic Amyloid A Amyloidosis With Predominant Liver Involvement: A Death Case. Am J Gastroenterol 2019; 114:1559-1561. [PMID: 31365351 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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110
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Liberta F, Rennegarbe M, Rösler R, Bijzet J, Wiese S, Hazenberg BPC, Fändrich M. Morphological and primary structural consistency of fibrils from different AA patients (common variant). Amyloid 2019; 26:164-170. [PMID: 31240945 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2019.1628015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To test the hypothesis that the fibril morphology and the fibril protein primary structure are conserved across different patients suffering from the common variant of systemic Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis. Methods: Amyloid fibrils were extracted from the renal tissue of four patients. The fibril morphology was analysed in negatively stained samples with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The fibril protein identity and fragment length were determined by using mass spectrometry. Results: The fibrils show a consistent morphology in all four patients and exhibit an average width of ∼9.6 nm and an average pitch of ∼112 nm. All fibrils are composed of polypeptide chains that can be assigned to human serum amyloid A (SAA) 1.1 protein. All fragments lack the N-terminal arginine residue and are C-terminally truncated. Differences exist concerning the exact C-terminal cleavage site. The most prominent cleavage site occurs at residues 64-67. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that AA amyloid fibrils are consistent at the level of the protein primary structure and fibril morphology in the four analysed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Liberta
- a Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | | | - Reinhild Rösler
- b Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Johan Bijzet
- c Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- b Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Bouke P C Hazenberg
- c Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- a Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
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111
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar Thakur
- a Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur India
| | - Shreya Ghosh
- a Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur India
| | - Avinash Yashwant Gahane
- a Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur India
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112
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Leung ET, Raboin MJ, McKelvey J, Graham A, Lewis A, Prongay K, Cohen AM, Vinson A. Modelling disease risk for amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis in non-human primates using machine learning. Amyloid 2019; 26:139-147. [PMID: 31210531 PMCID: PMC6667354 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2019.1625038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is found in humans and non-human primates, but quantifying disease risk prior to clinical symptoms is challenging. We applied machine learning to identify the best predictors of amyloidosis in rhesus macaques from available clinical and pathology records. To explore potential biomarkers, we also assessed whether changes in circulating serum amyloid A (SAA) or lipoprotein profiles accompany the disease. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using 86 cases and 163 controls matched for age and sex. We performed data reduction on 62 clinical, pathological and demographic variables, and applied multivariate modelling and model selection with cross-validation. To test the performance of our final model, we applied it to a replication cohort of 2,775 macaques. Results: The strongest predictors of disease were colitis, gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, endometriosis, arthritis, trauma, diarrhoea and number of pregnancies. Sensitivity and specificity of the risk model were predicted to be 82%, and were assessed at 79 and 72%, respectively. Total, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower, and SAA levels and triglyceride-to-HDL ratios were significantly higher in cases versus controls. Conclusion: Machine learning is a powerful approach to identifying macaques at risk of AA amyloidosis, which is accompanied by increased circulating SAA and altered lipoprotein profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T. Leung
- Div. of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Dept. of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael J. Raboin
- Primate Genetics Section, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Jessica McKelvey
- Div. of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Adam Graham
- Div. of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Anne Lewis
- Div. of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Kamm Prongay
- Div. of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Aaron M. Cohen
- Div. of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Dept. of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Amanda Vinson
- Div. of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Dept. of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Primate Genetics Section, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
- Div. of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
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113
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Jin L, Syrovets T, Scheller JS, Zhang X, Simmet T. Comparative Study on Hyaluronic Acid Binding to Murine SAA1.1 and SAA2.2. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:13388-13399. [PMID: 31460467 PMCID: PMC6704436 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Persistently high plasma levels of serum amyloid A (SAA) may induce AA amyloidosis in various organs causing their dysfunction. Although SAA isoforms share a high degree of homology, only the SAA1.1 isoform is found in amyloid deposits. SAA1.1 misfolding is a nucleation-dependent process with dimer and trimer formation playing a major role in SAA fibril formation through self-catalyzed recruitment of native SAA molecules. Yet, a structural model of initial SAA oligomerization is still missing. In this study, we constructed a loosely associated model for murine SAA1.1 and SAA2.2 dimers in the presence or absence of hyaluronic acid as an exemplary glycosaminoglycan, a factor known to facilitate SAA fibril formation. Molecular dynamics simulations predicted that hyaluronic acid finally stabilized in a different binding pocket of the pathogenic SAA1.1 dimer compared to the nonpathogenic SAA2.2 dimer. Besides, Markov state modeling points to dynamic behavioral differences between the linker region of SAA1.1 and SAA2.2 and identifies a state unique to pathogenic SAA1.1 while bound to hyaluronic acid. The presence or absence of hyaluronic acid, as well as the dimer interface switch, affects dynamic behavior and possible oligomeric states, proposing a conceivable clue to the deviant pathogenicity of the two SAA isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jin
- Institute
of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 20, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute
of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 20, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Judith S. Scheller
- Institute
of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute
of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 20, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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114
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Deshayes S, Fellahi S, Bastard JP, Launay JM, Callebert J, Fraisse T, Buob D, Boffa JJ, Giurgea I, Dupont C, Jegou S, Straube M, Karras A, Aouba A, Grateau G, Sokol H, Georgin-Lavialle S. Specific changes in faecal microbiota are associated with familial Mediterranean fever. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:1398-1404. [PMID: 31377728 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) can be complicated by AA amyloidosis (AAA), though it remains unclear why only some patients develop amyloidosis. We examined the gut microbiota composition and inflammatory markers in patients with FMF complicated or not by AAA. METHODS We analysed the gut microbiota of 34 patients with FMF without AAA, 7 patients with FMF with AAA, 19 patients with AAA of another origin, and 26 controls using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing with the Illumina MiSeq platform. Associations between bacterial taxa and clinical phenotypes were evaluated using multivariate association with linear models statistical method. Blood levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and adipokines were assessed by ELISA; indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Compared with healthy subjects, specific changes in faecal microbiota were observed in FMF and AAA groups. Several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were associated with FMF. Moreover, two OTUs were over-represented in FMF-related AAA compared with FMF without AAA. Additionally, higher adiponectin levels and IDO activity were observed in FMF-related AAA compared with FMF without AAA (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The presence of specific changes in faecal microbiota in FMF and in FMF-related AAA suggests that intestinal microorganisms may play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. These findings may offer an opportunity to use techniques for gut microbiota manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Deshayes
- Service de Médecine Interne, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France.,Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de référence des maladies auto-inflammatoires et des amyloses inflammatoires (CEREMAIA), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.,Service de Gastroentérologie, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Soraya Fellahi
- UF Biomarqueurs Inflammatoires et Métaboliques, Service de Biochimie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, IHU ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM UMRS 938, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bastard
- UF Biomarqueurs Inflammatoires et Métaboliques, Service de Biochimie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, IHU ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM UMRS 938, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Service de Biochimie, INSERM UMR S942, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Callebert
- Service de Biochimie, INSERM UMR S942, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Thibault Fraisse
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de référence des maladies auto-inflammatoires et des amyloses inflammatoires (CEREMAIA), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - David Buob
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Boffa
- INSERM 1155, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, F-75020 Paris, France
| | - Irina Giurgea
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Dupont
- INSERM équipe Lipodystrophies génétiques et acquises. Service de biologiede la reproduction-CECOS, Sorbonne Université, Saint Antoine Research Center, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, F-75020 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Jegou
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Marjolène Straube
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Karras
- Service de Néphrologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Achille Aouba
- Service de Médecine Interne, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Gilles Grateau
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de référence des maladies auto-inflammatoires et des amyloses inflammatoires (CEREMAIA), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France .,MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Service de Gastroentérologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Georgin-Lavialle
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de référence des maladies auto-inflammatoires et des amyloses inflammatoires (CEREMAIA), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
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115
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Jayaraman S, Fändrich M, Gursky O. Synergy between serum amyloid A and secretory phospholipase A 2. eLife 2019; 8:46630. [PMID: 31111824 PMCID: PMC6557629 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an evolutionally conserved enigmatic biomarker of inflammation. In acute inflammation, SAA plasma levels increase ~1,000 fold, suggesting that this protein family has a vital beneficial role. SAA increases simultaneously with secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), compelling us to determine how SAA influences sPLA2 hydrolysis of lipoproteins. SAA solubilized phospholipid bilayers to form lipoproteins that provided substrates for sPLA2. Moreover, SAA sequestered free fatty acids and lysophospholipids to form stable proteolysis-resistant complexes. Unlike albumin, SAA effectively removed free fatty acids under acidic conditions, which characterize inflammation sites. Therefore, SAA solubilized lipid bilayers to generate substrates for sPLA2 and removed its bioactive products. Consequently, SAA and sPLA2 can act synergistically to remove cellular membrane debris from injured sites, which is a prerequisite for tissue healing. We postulate that the removal of lipids and their degradation products constitutes a vital primordial role of SAA in innate immunity; this role remains to be tested in vivo. Cell boundaries are made up of fatty substances known as lipids. When cells get severely damaged, their lipid membranes break apart. These broken fragments of membrane become highly toxic, and must be removed as soon as possible to allow the tissue to heal. A small protein called serum amyloid A, SAA for short, was recently proposed to play a pivotal role in this process. In humans, SAA levels in the blood rapidly spike to over a thousand times their normal level following inflammation, injury or infection. Combined with the fact SAA has been conserved for over 500 million years, this suggests that SAA must be important for survival. But, it is not entirely clear how this protein works. One clue for how SAA works is its relationship to another ancient protein called secretory phospholipase A2. This protein, also known as sPLA2, is part of a big family of enzymes that break down lipids in the cell membrane. Notably, sPLA2 levels rise at the same time and place as SAA during inflammation. This led Jayaraman et al. to ask whether SAA and sPLA2 might be working together to clean up the cell membrane debris. To find out, Jayaraman et al. mixed mouse SAA with vesicles of membrane lipids, and then added sPLA2. This revealed that SAA reshapes the lipid membrane into smaller ‘nanoparticles’ with tightly curved surfaces that are easier for sPLA2 to break down. As the sPLA2 breaks up these particles, SAA then gathers up and gets rid of the leftover toxic fragments. This suggests that SAA has two roles: helping sPLA2 break down the membrane, and removing any toxic debris. Clearing debris after injury is essential for proper healing. So, understanding how it works is crucial to find new ways to treat inflammation. Further work to understand SAA and sPLA2 could improve our understanding of how to treat acute and chronic inflammation and its life-threatening complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobini Jayaraman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Olga Gursky
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States.,Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
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116
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Cryo-EM fibril structures from systemic AA amyloidosis reveal the species complementarity of pathological amyloids. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1104. [PMID: 30846696 PMCID: PMC6405766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic AA amyloidosis is a worldwide occurring protein misfolding disease of humans and animals. It arises from the formation of amyloid fibrils from the acute phase protein serum amyloid A. Here, we report the purification and electron cryo-microscopy analysis of amyloid fibrils from a mouse and a human patient with systemic AA amyloidosis. The obtained resolutions are 3.0 Å and 2.7 Å for the murine and human fibril, respectively. The two fibrils differ in fundamental properties, such as presence of right-hand or left-hand twisted cross-β sheets and overall fold of the fibril proteins. Yet, both proteins adopt highly similar β-arch conformations within the N-terminal ~21 residues. Our data demonstrate the importance of the fibril protein N-terminus for the stability of the analyzed amyloid fibril morphologies and suggest strategies of combating this disease by interfering with specific fibril polymorphs. Systemic AA amyloidosis is caused by misfolding of the acute phase protein serum amyloid A1. Here the authors present the cryo-EM structures of murine and human AA amyloid fibrils that were isolated from tissue samples and describe how the fibrils differ in their fundamental structural properties.
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117
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Sheng H, Li H, Wang R. Acute phase reactant serum amyloid A in inflammation and other diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 90:25-80. [PMID: 31122611 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute-phase reactant serum amyloid A (A-SAA) plays an important role in acute and chronic inflammation and is used in clinical laboratories as an indicator of inflammation. Although both A-SAA and C-reactive protein (CRP) are acute-phase proteins, the detection of A-SAA is more conclusive than the detection of CRP in patients with viral infections, severe acute pancreatitis, and rejection reactions to kidney transplants. A-SAA has greater clinical diagnostic value in patients who are immunosuppressed, patients with cystic fibrosis who are treated with corticoids, and preterm infants with late-onset sepsis. Nevertheless, for the assessment of the inflammation status and identification of viral infection in other pathologies, such as bacterial infections, the combinatorial use of A-SAA and other acute-phase proteins (APPs), such as CRP and procalcitonin (PCT), can provide more information and sensitivity than the use of any of these proteins alone, and the information generated is important in guiding antibiotic therapy. In addition, A-SAA-associated diseases and the diagnostic value of A-SAA are discussed. However, the relationship between different A-SAA isotypes and their human diseases are mostly derived from research laboratories with limited clinical samples. Thus, further clinical evaluations are necessary to confirm the clinical significance of each A-SAA isotype. Furthermore, the currently available A-SAA assays are based on polyclonal antibodies, which lack isotype specificity and are associated with many inflammatory diseases. Therefore, these assays are usually used in combination with other biomarkers in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Shanghai R&D Center, DiaSys Diagnostic Systems (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shanghai R&D Center, DiaSys Diagnostic Systems (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Huiming Sheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haichuan Li
- C.N. Maternity & Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongfang Wang
- Shanghai R&D Center, DiaSys Diagnostic Systems (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
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118
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Puscalau-Girtu I, Scheller JS, Claus S, Fändrich M. Cell assay for the identification of amyloid inhibitors in systemic AA amyloidosis. Amyloid 2019; 26:24-33. [PMID: 30739503 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2019.1568978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Systemic AA amyloidosis is still, up to this day, a life-threatening complication of chronic inflammatory diseases. Despite the success of anti-inflammatory treatment, the prognosis of some AA patients is still poor, which is why therapies directed at the amyloidogenic pathway in AA amyloidosis are being sought after. The cell culture model of amyloid formation from serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) protein remodels crucial features of AA amyloid deposit formation in vivo. We here demonstrate how the cell model can be utilized for the identification of compounds with amyloid inhibitory activity. Out of five compounds previously reported to inhibit self-assembly of various amyloidogenic proteins, we found that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibited the formation of SAA1-derived fibrils in cell culture. From a series of compounds targeting the protein quality control machinery, the autophagy inhibitor wortmannin reduced amyloid formation, while the other tested compounds did not lead to a substantial reduction of the amyloid load. These data suggest that amyloid formation can be targeted not only via the protein self-assembly pathway directly, but also by treatment with compounds that impact the cellular protein machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephanie Claus
- a Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- a Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
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Vahdat Shariat Panahi A, Hultman P, Öllinger K, Westermark GT, Lundmark K. Lipid membranes accelerate amyloid formation in the mouse model of AA amyloidosis. Amyloid 2019; 26:34-44. [PMID: 30929476 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2019.1576606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AA amyloidosis develops as a result of prolonged inflammation and is characterized by deposits of N-terminal proteolytic fragments of the acute phase reactant serum amyloid A (SAA). Macrophages are usually found adjacent to amyloid, suggesting their involvement in the formation and/or degradation of the amyloid fibrils. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that lipid membranes accelerate the fibrillation of different amyloid proteins. METHODS Using an experimental mouse model of AA amyloidosis, we compared the amyloidogenic effect of liposomes and/or amyloid-enhancing factor (AEF). Inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injection of silver nitrate followed by intravenous injection of liposomes and/or AEF to accelerate amyloid formation. RESULTS We showed that liposomes accelerate amyloid formation in inflamed mice, but the amyloidogenic effect of liposomes was weaker compared with AEF. Regardless of the induction method, amyloid deposits were mainly found in the marginal zones of the spleen and coincided with the depletion of marginal zone macrophages, while red pulp macrophages and metallophilic marginal zone macrophages proved insensitive to amyloid deposition. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that increased intracellular lipid content facilitates AA amyloid fibril formation and show that the mouse model of AA amyloidosis is a suitable system for further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Vahdat Shariat Panahi
- a Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden.,b Departments of Clinical Pathology and Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Per Hultman
- c Molecular and Immunological Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Karin Öllinger
- a Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | | | - Katarzyna Lundmark
- a Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden.,b Departments of Clinical Pathology and Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
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Page MJ, Thomson GJA, Nunes JM, Engelbrecht AM, Nell TA, de Villiers WJS, de Beer MC, Engelbrecht L, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Serum amyloid A binds to fibrin(ogen), promoting fibrin amyloid formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3102. [PMID: 30816210 PMCID: PMC6395759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex associations exist between inflammation and thrombosis, with the inflammatory state tending to promote coagulation. Fibrinogen, an acute phase protein, has been shown to interact with the amyloidogenic ß-amyloid protein of Alzheimer’s disease. However, little is known about the association between fibrinogen and serum amyloid A (SAA), a highly fibrillogenic protein that is one of the most dramatically changing acute phase reactants in the circulation. To study the role of SAA in coagulation and thrombosis, in vitro experiments were performed where purified human SAA, in concentrations resembling a modest acute phase response, was added to platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and whole blood (WB), as well as purified and fluorescently labelled fibrinogen. Results from thromboelastography (TEG) suggest that SAA causes atypical coagulation with a fibrin(ogen)-mediated increase in coagulation, but a decreased platelet/fibrin(ogen) interaction. In WB scanning electron microscopy analysis, SAA mediated red blood cell (RBC) agglutination, platelet activation and clumping, but not platelet spreading. Following clot formation in PPP, the presence of SAA increased amyloid formation of fibrin(ogen) as determined both with auto-fluorescence and with fluorogenic amyloid markers, under confocal microcopy. SAA also binds to fibrinogen, as determined with a fluorescent-labelled SAA antibody and correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM). The data presented here indicate that SAA can affect coagulation by inducing amyloid formation in fibrin(ogen), as well as by propelling platelets to a more prothrombotic state. The discovery of these multiple and complex effects of SAA on coagulation invite further mechanistic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Greig J A Thomson
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - J Massimo Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Theo A Nell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Willem J S de Villiers
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Department of Internal Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Maria C de Beer
- Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lize Engelbrecht
- Fluorescence Microscopy Unit, Central Analytical Facilities, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa. .,School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, MANCHESTER M1 7DN, Lancs, UK. .,The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, MANCHESTER M1 7DN, Lancs, UK. .,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of integrative Biology, Biosciences Building., University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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121
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Ahmed I, Jones EM. Importance of micelle‐like multimers in the atypical aggregation kinetics of N‐terminal serum amyloid A peptides. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:518-526. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikhlaus Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA USA
| | - Eric M. Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA USA
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122
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du Teil Espina M, Gabarrini G, Harmsen HJM, Westra J, van Winkelhoff AJ, van Dijl JM. Talk to your gut: the oral-gut microbiome axis and its immunomodulatory role in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:1-18. [PMID: 30219863 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities inhabiting the human body, collectively called the microbiome, are critical modulators of immunity. This notion is underpinned by associations between changes in the microbiome and particular autoimmune disorders. Specifically, in rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most frequently occurring autoimmune disorders worldwide, changes in the oral and gut microbiomes have been implicated in the loss of tolerance against self-antigens and in increased inflammatory events promoting the damage of joints. In the present review, we highlight recently gained insights in the roles of microbes in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, we address important immunomodulatory processes, including biofilm formation and neutrophil function, which have been implicated in host-microbe interactions relevant for rheumatoid arthritis. Lastly, we present recent advances in the development and evaluation of emerging microbiome-based therapeutic approaches. Altogether, we conclude that the key to uncovering the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis will lie in the immunomodulatory functions of the oral and gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marines du Teil Espina
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Gabarrini
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arie Jan van Winkelhoff
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
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123
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Mawby DI, Whittemore JC, Donnell RL. Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage associated with vascular amyloid deposition in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2018; 4:2055116918817993. [PMID: 30574340 PMCID: PMC6299315 DOI: 10.1177/2055116918817993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary An adult female spayed Siamese-cross cat of unknown age was presented for bilateral hemorrhagic otorrhea. Nasopharyngeal polyps were diagnosed by CT and biopsy; bilateral ventral bulla osteotomies were performed. Episodic epistaxis, otic hemorrhage and hemoptysis with respiratory distress progressed over 18 months. Systolic blood pressure, complete blood count, plasma biochemistries, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and coagulation factor 12, 9 and 8 activities were normal. Serial thoracic radiographs revealed patchy interstitial to alveolar patterns. Airway hemorrhage prevented diagnostic bronchoscopy. Respiratory hemorrhage was ultimately fatal. Amyloid deposition was identified in pulmonary vasculature, bronchial wall, lymphoid tissues, nasal-pharyngeal tissue and tympanic bullae based on microscopic examination and confirmed by Congo red staining with green birefringence under polarized light. Relevance and novel information Amyloidosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cats with spontaneous hemorrhage of the respiratory or otic tracts. Although systemic amyloidosis is associated with a grave prognosis, this case suggests that prolonged survival is possible after the initial onset of signs in cats with pulmonary amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne I Mawby
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jacqueline C Whittemore
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Robert L Donnell
- Department of Biomedical Diagnostic Services, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Shaulov A, Prus D, Lavie D, Elias S. Duodenal amyloid A depositions in a patient with refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma: an old complication in the modern treatment era. Amyloid 2018; 25:263-264. [PMID: 30350721 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2018.1517737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adir Shaulov
- a Department of Hematology , Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Diana Prus
- b Department of Pathology , Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - David Lavie
- c Department of Hematology , Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center , POB 91120 , Jerusalem 12000 , Israel
| | - Shlomo Elias
- c Department of Hematology , Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center , POB 91120 , Jerusalem 12000 , Israel
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125
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Dhouafli Z, Cuanalo-Contreras K, Hayouni EA, Mays CE, Soto C, Moreno-Gonzalez I. Inhibition of protein misfolding and aggregation by natural phenolic compounds. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3521-3538. [PMID: 30030591 PMCID: PMC11105286 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation into fibrillar deposits is a common feature of a large group of degenerative diseases affecting the central nervous system or peripheral organs, termed protein misfolding disorders (PMDs). Despite their established toxic nature, clinical trials aiming to reduce misfolded aggregates have been unsuccessful in treating or curing PMDs. An interesting possibility for disease intervention is the regular intake of natural food or herbal extracts, which contain active molecules that inhibit aggregation or induce the disassembly of misfolded aggregates. Among natural compounds, phenolic molecules are of particular interest, since most have dual activity as amyloid aggregation inhibitors and antioxidants. In this article, we review many phenolic natural compounds which have been reported in diverse model systems to have the potential to delay or prevent the development of various PMDs, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, prion diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, systemic amyloidosis, and type 2 diabetes. The lower toxicity of natural compounds compared to synthetic chemical molecules suggest that they could serve as a good starting point to discover protein misfolding inhibitors that might be useful for the treatment of various incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Dhouafli
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Karina Cuanalo-Contreras
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - El Akrem Hayouni
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Charles E Mays
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Claudio Soto
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Málaga, Spain.
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Iida T, Hirayama D, Sudo G, Mitsuhashi K, Igarashi H, Yamashita K, Yamano H, Nakase H. Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction due to al amyloidosis: a case report and literature review. Clin J Gastroenterol 2018; 12:176-181. [PMID: 30232705 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-018-0909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A 59-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a 6-month history of nausea, weight loss, and abdominal distension. Physical examination revealed abdominal distension without tenderness, and edema, numbness, and multiple peripheral neuropathy in the limbs. Blood test results showed anemia, hypoproteinemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Immunoelectrophoresis detected kappa-type Bence-Jones protein in both the serum and urine. Bone marrow examination did not reveal an increase of plasma cells. Computed tomography showed intestinal distension and retention of intestinal contents. No obstructive intestinal lesions were observed. Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a decrease in the vascular visibility of the rectal mucosa. Histological findings showed amyloid deposition, which was positive for amyloid light-chain (AL) κ. Thus, she was diagnosed with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) due to gastrointestinal and neurological involvement of AL amyloidosis. Her abdominal symptoms were gradually improved by the insertion of an ileus tube and medication. Although we recommended chemotherapy for stopping her disease progression, she did not want to receive it. She died 1 year later because of her pneumonia. We should keep in mind that amyloidosis is an important cause of CIPO. Histopathological examination by endoscopic biopsy is required for exact diagnosis and appropriate treatment for CIPO due to amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Iida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami 1-Jo Nishi 16-Chome, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Hirayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami 1-Jo Nishi 16-Chome, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Gota Sudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami 1-Jo Nishi 16-Chome, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Kei Mitsuhashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami 1-Jo Nishi 16-Chome, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Igarashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami 1-Jo Nishi 16-Chome, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami 1-Jo Nishi 16-Chome, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yamano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami 1-Jo Nishi 16-Chome, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami 1-Jo Nishi 16-Chome, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
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127
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Sharma A, Govindan P, Toukatly M, Healy J, Henry C, Senter S, Najafian B, Kestenbaum B. Heroin Use Is Associated with AA-Type Kidney Amyloidosis in the Pacific Northwest. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13:1030-1036. [PMID: 29907621 PMCID: PMC6032593 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.13641217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES AA-type kidney amyloidosis is classically associated with chronic autoimmune or inflammatory disorders. However, some urban centers have reported a high prevalence of injection drug use among patients with kidney AA amyloidosis. Previous reports lack control groups to quantify associations and most predate the opioid epidemic in the United States. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We conducted a case-control study of 38 patients with biopsy-confirmed kidney AA amyloidosis and 72 matched control individuals without this condition from two large hospital systems in Seattle, Washington. We ascertained the pattern and duration of heroin use by medical chart review and determined associations using logistic regression. RESULTS Among case patients, 95% had a prior history of heroin use, 87% had skin abscesses, and 76% and 27% had evidence of muscling and skin popping, respectively. After adjustment for age, race, sex, site, and year of biopsy, any heroin use (past or current) was associated with an estimated 170-times higher risk of kidney AA amyloidosis compared with no heroin use (95% confidence interval, 28 to 1018 times higher; P<0.001). Chronic autoimmune disorders were uncommon among case patients in this study. The median time to ESKD among patients with AA amyloidosis was 2.4 years (interquartile range, 0.5-7.5 years). CONCLUSIONS Injection heroin use is strongly associated with kidney AA amyloidosis in the Pacific Northwest. Unique aspects of heroin use, in particular geographic regions or frequent associated soft-tissue infections, may be an important cause of this progressive kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Steve Senter
- Institute for Translational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Bryan Kestenbaum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine
- Kidney Research Institute, and
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128
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Jayaraman S, Gantz DL, Haupt C, Fändrich M, Gursky O. Serum amyloid A sequesters diverse phospholipids and their hydrolytic products, hampering fibril formation and proteolysis in a lipid-dependent manner. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3532-3535. [PMID: 29565436 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01424h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A action in immune response and deposition in inflammation-linked amyloidosis involve SAA-lipid interactions. We show that SAA sequesters neutral and anionic phospholipids and their hydrolytic products to form nanoparticles, suggesting a synergy with phospholipase A2. The lipid charge and shape affect SAA protection from proteolysis, aggregation and fibrillogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobini Jayaraman
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany St., W302, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Donald L Gantz
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany St., W302, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Christian Haupt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Olga Gursky
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany St., W302, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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129
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Kuret T, Lakota K, Mali P, Čučnik S, Praprotnik S, Tomšič M, Sodin-Semrl S. Naturally occurring antibodies against serum amyloid A reduce IL-6 release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195346. [PMID: 29617422 PMCID: PMC5884545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a sensitive inflammatory marker rapidly increased in response to infection, injury or trauma during the acute phase. Resolution of the acute phase and SAA reduction are well documented, however the exact mechanism remains elusive. Two inducible SAA proteins, SAA1 and SAA2, with their variants could contribute to systemic inflammation. While unconjugated human variant SAA1α is already commercially available, the variants of SAA2 are not. Antibodies against SAA have been identified in apparently healthy blood donors (HBDs) in smaller, preliminary studies. So, our objective was to detect anti-SAA and anti-SAA1α autoantibodies in the sera of 300 HBDs using ELISA, characterize their specificity and avidity. Additionally, we aimed to determine the presence of anti-SAA and anti-SAA1α autoantibodies in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparations and examine their effects on released IL-6 from SAA/SAA1α-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Autoantibodies against SAA and SAA1α had a median (IQR) absorbance OD (A450) of 0.655 (0.262–1.293) and 0.493 (0.284–0.713), respectively. Both anti-SAA and anti-SAA1α exhibited heterogeneous to high avidity and reached peak levels between 41–50 years, then diminished with age in the oldest group (51–67 years). Women consistently exhibited significantly higher levels than men. Good positive correlation was observed between anti-SAA and anti-SAA1α. Both anti-SAA and anti-SAA1α were detected in IVIg, their fractions subsequently isolated, and shown to decrease IL-6 protein levels released from SAA/SAA1α-treated PBMCs. In conclusion, naturally occurring antibodies against SAA and anti-SAA1α could play a physiological role in down-regulating their antigen and proinflammatory cytokines leading to the resolution of the acute phase and could be an important therapeutic option in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeja Kuret
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Lakota
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Science and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Polonca Mali
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Čučnik
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Praprotnik
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Tomšič
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Snezna Sodin-Semrl
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Science and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
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130
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Yang M, Liu Y, Dai J, Li L, Ding X, Xu Z, Mori M, Miyahara H, Sawashita J, Higuchi K. Apolipoprotein A-II induces acute-phase response associated AA amyloidosis in mice through conformational changes of plasma lipoprotein structure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5620. [PMID: 29618729 PMCID: PMC5884826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During acute-phase response (APR), there is a dramatic increase in serum amyloid A (SAA) in plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL). Elevated SAA leads to reactive AA amyloidosis in animals and humans. Herein, we employed apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II) deficient (Apoa2 -/- ) and transgenic (Apoa2Tg) mice to investigate the potential roles of ApoA-II in lipoprotein particle formation and progression of AA amyloidosis during APR. AA amyloid deposition was suppressed in Apoa2 -/- mice compared with wild type (WT) mice. During APR, Apoa2 -/- mice exhibited significant suppression of serum SAA levels and hepatic Saa1 and Saa2 mRNA levels. Pathological investigation showed Apoa2 -/- mice had less tissue damage and less inflammatory cell infiltration during APR. Total lipoproteins were markedly decreased in Apoa2 -/- mice, while the ratio of HDL to low density lipoprotein (LDL) was also decreased. Both WT and Apoa2 -/- mice showed increases in LDL and very large HDL during APR. SAA was distributed more widely in lipoprotein particles ranging from chylomicrons to very small HDL in Apoa2 -/- mice. Our observations uncovered the critical roles of ApoA-II in inflammation, serum lipoprotein stability and AA amyloidosis morbidity, and prompt consideration of therapies for AA and other amyloidoses, whose precursor proteins are associated with circulating HDL particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Yang
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yingye Liu
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan.,Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Jian Dai
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mori
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medicine for Health Promotion, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyahara
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Jinko Sawashita
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan.,Department of Biological Science for Intractable Neurological Disease, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Keiichi Higuchi
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan.,Department of Biological Science for Intractable Neurological Disease, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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131
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Fändrich M, Nyström S, Nilsson KPR, Böckmann A, LeVine H, Hammarström P. Amyloid fibril polymorphism: a challenge for molecular imaging and therapy. J Intern Med 2018; 283:218-237. [PMID: 29360284 PMCID: PMC5820168 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of misfolded proteins (MPs), both unique and common, for different diseases is central for many chronic degenerative diseases. In certain patients, MP accumulation is systemic (e.g. TTR amyloid), and in others, this is localized to a specific cell type (e.g. Alzheimer's disease). In neurodegenerative diseases, NDs, it is noticeable that the accumulation of MP progressively spreads throughout the nervous system. Our main hypothesis of this article is that MPs are not only markers but also active carriers of pathogenicity. Here, we discuss studies from comprehensive molecular approaches aimed at understanding MP conformational variations (polymorphism) and their bearing on spreading of MPs, MP toxicity, as well as MP targeting in imaging and therapy. Neurodegenerative disease (ND) represents a major and growing societal challenge, with millions of people worldwide suffering from Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases alone. For all NDs, current treatment is palliative without addressing the primary cause and is not curative. Over recent years, particularly the shape-shifting properties of misfolded proteins and their spreading pathways have been intensively researched. The difficulty in addressing ND has prompted most major pharma companies to severely downsize their nervous system disorder research. Increased academic research is pivotal for filling this void and to translate basic research into tools for medical professionals. Recent discoveries of targeting drug design against MPs and improved model systems to study structure, pathology spreading and toxicity strongly encourage future studies along these lines to provide an opportunity for selective imaging, prognostic diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sofie Nyström
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, division of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - K. Peter R. Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, division of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anja Böckmann
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Bases Moléculaires et Structurales des Systèmes Infectieux, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS, Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Harry LeVine
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Per Hammarström
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, division of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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132
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Post mortem findings and their relation to AA amyloidosis in free-ranging Herring gulls (Larus argentatus). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193265. [PMID: 29494674 PMCID: PMC5832234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the late 1990s, high mortality and declining populations have been reported among sea birds including Herring gulls (Larus argentatus) from the Baltic Sea area in Northern Europe. Repeated BoNT type C/D botulism outbreaks have occurred, but it remains unclear whether this is the sole and primary cause of mortality. Thiamine deficiency has also been suggested as a causal or contributing factor. With this study, we aimed to investigate gross and microscopic pathology in Herring gulls from affected breeding sites in Sweden in search of contributing diseases. Herring gulls from Iceland served as controls. Necropsies and histopathology were performed on 75 birds, of which 12 showed signs of disease at the time of necropsy. Parasites of various classes and tissues were commonly observed independent of host age, e.g. oesophageal capillariosis and nematode infection in the proventriculus and gizzard with severe inflammation, air sac larid pentastomes and bursal trematodiasis in pre-fledglings. Gross and microscopic findings are described. Notably, amyloidosis was diagnosed in 93 and 33% of the adult birds from Sweden and Iceland, respectively (p<0.001), with more pronounced deposits in Swedish birds (p<0.001). Gastrointestinal deposits were observed in the walls of arteries or arterioles, and occasionally in villi near the mucosal surface. Amyloid was identified within the intestinal lumen in one severely affected gull suggesting the possibility of oral seeding and the existence of a primed state as previously described in some mammals and chickens. This could speculatively explain the high occurrence and previously reported rapid onset of amyloidosis upon inflammation or captivity in Herring gulls. Amyloid-induced malabsorbtion is also a possibility. The Herring gull SAA/AA protein sequence was shown to be highly conserved but differed at the N-terminus from other avian species.
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133
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Close W, Neumann M, Schmidt A, Hora M, Annamalai K, Schmidt M, Reif B, Schmidt V, Grigorieff N, Fändrich M. Physical basis of amyloid fibril polymorphism. Nat Commun 2018; 9:699. [PMID: 29453354 PMCID: PMC5816019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphism is a key feature of amyloid fibril structures but it remains challenging to explain these variations for a particular sample. Here, we report electron cryomicroscopy-based reconstructions from different fibril morphologies formed by a peptide fragment from an amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chain. The observed fibril morphologies vary in the number and cross-sectional arrangement of a structurally conserved building block. A comparison with the theoretically possible constellations reveals the experimentally observed spectrum of fibril morphologies to be governed by opposing sets of forces that primarily arise from the β-sheet twist, as well as peptide-peptide interactions within the fibril cross-section. Our results provide a framework for rationalizing and predicting the structure and polymorphism of cross-β fibrils, and suggest that a small number of physical parameters control the observed fibril architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Close
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Schmidt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuel Hora
- Institute for Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at Department Chemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Schmidt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Reif
- Institute for Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at Department Chemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Volker Schmidt
- Institute of Stochastics, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Grigorieff
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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134
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Tanaka M, Kawakami T, Okino N, Sasaki K, Nakanishi K, Takase H, Yamada T, Mukai T. Acceleration of amyloid fibril formation by carboxyl-terminal truncation of human serum amyloid A. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 639:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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135
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Zamorano Cuervo N, Osseman Q, Grandvaux N. Virus Infection Triggers MAVS Polymers of Distinct Molecular Weight. Viruses 2018; 10:E56. [PMID: 29385716 PMCID: PMC5850363 DOI: 10.3390/v10020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) adaptor protein is a central signaling hub required for cells to mount an antiviral response following virus sensing by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors. MAVS localizes in the membrane of mitochondria and peroxisomes and in mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Structural and functional studies have revealed that MAVS activity relies on the formation of functional high molecular weight prion-like aggregates. The formation of protein aggregates typically relies on a dynamic transition between oligomerization and aggregation states. The existence of intermediate state(s) of MAVS polymers, other than aggregates, has not yet been documented. Here, we used a combination of non-reducing SDS-PAGE and semi-denaturing detergent agarose gel electrophoresis (SDD-AGE) to resolve whole cell extract preparations to distinguish MAVS polymerization states. While SDD-AGE analysis of whole cell extracts revealed the formation of previously described high molecular weight prion-like aggregates upon constitutively active RIG-I ectopic expression and virus infection, non-reducing SDS-PAGE allowed us to demonstrate the induction of lower molecular weight oligomers. Cleavage of MAVS using the NS3/4A protease revealed that anchoring to intracellular membranes is required for the appropriate polymerization into active high molecular weight aggregates. Altogether, our data suggest that RIG-I-dependent MAVS activation involves the coexistence of MAVS polymers with distinct molecular weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zamorano Cuervo
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Quentin Osseman
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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136
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Nuvolone M, Merlini G. Systemic amyloidosis: novel therapies and role of biomarkers. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 32:770-780. [PMID: 27540044 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic amyloidosis is caused by misfolding and extracellular deposition of one of an ever-growing list of circulating proteins, resulting in vital organ dysfunction and eventually death. Despite different predisposing conditions, including plasma cell dyscrasias [immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis], long-lasting inflammation [reactive (AA) amyloidosis] or mutations (hereditary amyloidoses), clinical manifestations are conspicuously overlapping and mimic more prevalent conditions, significantly complicating and often delaying the recognition of these rare, complex diseases. However, refined diagnostic and imaging approaches and the increasing role of biomarkers, which help in establishing the diagnosis, assessing the prognosis and evaluating the response to therapy, have considerably improved the management of these conditions. The pillar of anti-amyloid therapy remains the prompt reduction or elimination of the amyloidogenic precursor. This is accomplished by targeting the underlying condition, and recent improvements in the treatment of plasma cell disorders and chronic inflammatory conditions have positively reverberated onto the management of AL and AA amyloidosis, respectively. Moreover, recent, substantial improvements in the understanding of the molecular underpinnings of systemic amyloidosis have unveiled different key steps in the amyloidogenic cascade which can be valid therapeutic targets. These include stabilizers of the native conformation of the amyloidogenic precursor, inhibitors of fibrillogenesis, amyloid fibril disruptors and promoters of amyloid clearance. Innovative pharmacological strategies, including rational, structure-based drug design, gene knockdown and immunotherapy, but also repurposing of old, safe drugs with newly recognized anti-amyloid properties, are currently being pursued already in the clinical setting, holding the promise of dramatically improving the outcome of these dismal conditions in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Nuvolone
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and.,Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation Scientific Institute Policlinico San Matteo, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation Scientific Institute Policlinico San Matteo, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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137
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Westermark GT, Fändrich M, Lundmark K, Westermark P. Noncerebral Amyloidoses: Aspects on Seeding, Cross-Seeding, and Transmission. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:a024323. [PMID: 28108533 PMCID: PMC5749146 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
More than 30 proteins form amyloid in humans, most of them outside of the brain. Deposition of amyloid in extracerebral tissues is very common and seems inevitable for an aging person. Most deposits are localized, small, and probably without consequence, but in some instances, they are associated with diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Other extracerebral amyloidoses are systemic, with life-threatening effects on the heart, kidneys, and other organs. Here, we review how amyloid may spread through seeding and whether transmission of amyloid diseases may occur between humans. We also discuss whether cross-seeding is important in the development of amyloidosis, focusing specifically on the amyloid proteins AA, transthyretin, and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla T Westermark
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Lundmark
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Clinical Genetics, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Westermark
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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138
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Conti M, Poppi I, Cavedagna TM, Zamagni E, Leone O, Corti B, Milandri A, Bacci F, Ramazzotti E, Mancini R, Cavo M, Quarta CC, Rapezzi C. A targeted proteomics approach to amyloidosis typing. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY (DEL MAR, CALIF.) 2018; 7:18-28. [PMID: 39193554 PMCID: PMC11322773 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Amyloidosis is a life threatening disease caused by deposition of various types of blood serum proteins in organs and tissues. Knowing the type of protein involved is the basis of a correct diagnosis and personalized medical treatment. While the classical approach uses immunohistochemistry, in recent years, laser micro-dissection, followed by high resolution LC-MS/MS, has been shown to provide superior diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. This techniques, however, is only available at major reference proteomics centers. Objective To perform clinical amyloid protein typing using low-resolution mass spectrometry and no laser micro dissection (LMD), we developed a targeted proteomics approach for the determination of both frequently encountered amyloid proteins (i.e., κ and -λ immunoglobulin light chains and transthyretin (TTR)) and specific reference proteins (i.e., actin (A) for cardiac muscle tissue, or fatty acid binding protein 4 (FBP4) for subcutaneous adipose tissue) in histologic specimens. Method Small tissue fragments and/or histological sections were digested to yield a protein mixture that was subsequently reduced, alkylated and trypsinized to obtain a peptide mixture. After SPE purification and LC separation, proteotypic peptides were detected by their MRM transitions. Results The method showed high specificity and sensitivity for amyloid protein proteotypic peptides. LODs were 1.0, 0.1, 0.2 picomoles in cardiac muscle tissue (CMT) and 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 picomoles in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) for TTR, κ-, and λ-LC proteins, respectively. Amyloid to tissue-specific protein signal ratios correlated with the presence of amyloid deposits in clinical samples. Conclusions This targeted proteomics approach enables sensitive and specific discrimination of amyloidosis affected tissues for the purpose of clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Conti
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Metropolitan Laboratory AUSL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Poppi
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Metropolitan Laboratory AUSL, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Elena Zamagni
- Institute of Hematology “L. & A.Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ornella Leone
- Pathology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Prevention Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Corti
- Pathology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Prevention Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Agnese Milandri
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Bacci
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eric Ramazzotti
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Metropolitan Laboratory AUSL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Mancini
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Metropolitan Laboratory AUSL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Institute of Hematology “L. & A.Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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139
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Ayar Y, Ersoy A, Oksuz MF, Ocakoglu G, Vuruskan BA, Yildiz A, Isiktas E, Oruc A, Celikci S, Arslan I, Sahin AB, Güllülü M. Desfechos clínicos e sobrevida em pacientes com amiloidose AA. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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140
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Wang X, Noroozian Z, Lynch M, Armstrong N, Schneider R, Liu M, Ghodrati F, Zhang AB, Yang YJ, Hall AC, Solarski M, Killackey SA, Watts JC. Strains of Pathological Protein Aggregates in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Discoveries (Craiova) 2017; 5:e78. [PMID: 32309596 PMCID: PMC7159837 DOI: 10.15190/d.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of protein aggregates in the brain is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Considerable evidence has revealed that the pathological protein aggregates in many neurodegenerative diseases are able to self-propagate, which may enable pathology to spread from cell-to-cell within the brain. This property is reminiscent of what occurs in prion diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. A widely recognized feature of prion disorders is the existence of distinct strains of prions, which are thought to represent unique protein aggregate structures. A number of recent studies have pointed to the existence of strains of protein aggregates in other, more common neurodegenerative illnesses such as AD, PD, and related disorders. In this review, we outline the pathobiology of prion strains and discuss how the concept of protein aggregate strains may help to explain the heterogeneity inherent to many human neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zeinab Noroozian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute - Biological Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Madelaine Lynch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute - Biological Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Armstrong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raphael Schneider
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mingzhe Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute - Biological Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Farinaz Ghodrati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley B Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yoo Jeong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda C Hall
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Solarski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel A Killackey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joel C Watts
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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141
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Foster JS, Williams AD, Macy S, Richey T, Stuckey A, Wooliver DC, Koul-Tiwari R, Martin EB, Kennel SJ, Wall JS. A Peptide-Fc Opsonin with Pan-Amyloid Reactivity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1082. [PMID: 28928748 PMCID: PMC5591422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a continuing need for therapeutic interventions for patients with the protein misfolding disorders that result in systemic amyloidosis. Recently, specific antibodies have been employed to treat AL amyloidosis by opsonizing tissue amyloid deposits thereby inducing cell-mediated dissolution and organ improvement. To develop a pan-amyloid therapeutic agent, we have produced an Fc-fusion product incorporating a peptide, p5, which binds many if not all forms of amyloid. This protein, designated Fcp5, expressed in mammalian cells, forms the desired bivalent dimer structure and retains pan-amyloid reactivity similar to the p5 peptide as measured by immunosorbent assays, immunohistochemistry, surface plasmon resonance, and pulldown assays using radioiodinated Fcp5. Additionally, Fcp5 was capable of opsonizing amyloid fibrils in vitro using a pH-sensitive fluorescence assay of phagocytosis. In mice,125 I-labeled Fcp5 exhibited an extended serum circulation time, relative to the p5 peptide. It specifically bound AA amyloid deposits in diseased mice, as evidenced by biodistribution and microautoradiographic methods, which coincided with an increase in active, Iba-1-positive macrophages in the liver at 48 h postinjection of Fcp5. In healthy mice, no specific tissue accumulation was observed. The data indicate that polybasic, pan-amyloid-targeting peptides, in the context of an Fc fusion, can yield amyloid reactive, opsonizing reagents that may serve as next-generation immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Foster
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Angela D Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Sallie Macy
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Tina Richey
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Alan Stuckey
- Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Daniel Craig Wooliver
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Richa Koul-Tiwari
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Emily B Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Stephen J Kennel
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, United States.,Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jonathan S Wall
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, United States.,Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, United States
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142
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Esatoglu SN, Hatemi G, Ugurlu S, Gokturk A, Tascilar K, Ozdogan H. Long-term follow-up of secondary amyloidosis patients treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy: A STROBE-compliant observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7859. [PMID: 28834898 PMCID: PMC5572020 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There are no treatment modalities, which were proven to prevent the deposition of amyloid, proteinuria, and loss of renal function due to amyloidosis. Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents (anti-TNFs) were shown to decrease the production of serum amyloid A protein.We aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of anti-TNFs in secondary (AA) amyloidosis patients treated in a single center.Thirty-seven patients with AA amyloidosis were started an anti-TNF for AA amyloidosis between March 2001 and June 2008 and followed until May 2016 unless deceased. They were surveyed for the endpoints of death, development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), switch to another agent due to worsening of amyloidosis and adverse events.Among the 37 patients, 12 (32%) had died, 9 (24%) had ESRD, and 8 (22%) had started another group of biologic due to worsening of amyloidosis indicated by an increase in proteinuria, 5 (14%) patients are still doing well with anti-TNFs, and 3 (8%) are off treatment at the end of a median follow-up of 10 (interquartile range [IQR]: 5.5-10.5) years since the start of anti-TNFs and 10 (IQR: 8-13) years since the diagnosis of AA amyloidosis. Most common serious adverse events were sepsis and thrombotic events observed in 8 and 4 patients, respectively.Treatment with anti-TNFs may be associated with a higher survival rate compared with historic cohorts of AA amyloidosis, especially when started early with a lower serum creatinine level at baseline. Caution is needed regarding serious adverse events, especially infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Nihal Esatoglu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University
| | - Gulen Hatemi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University
| | - Serdal Ugurlu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University
| | - Aycan Gokturk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Koray Tascilar
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University
| | - Huri Ozdogan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University
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143
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Serum amyloid A forms stable oligomers that disrupt vesicles at lysosomal pH and contribute to the pathogenesis of reactive amyloidosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6507-E6515. [PMID: 28743750 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707120114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase plasma protein that functions in innate immunity and lipid homeostasis. SAA is a protein precursor of reactive AA amyloidosis, the major complication of chronic inflammation and one of the most common human systemic amyloid diseases worldwide. Most circulating SAA is protected from proteolysis and misfolding by binding to plasma high-density lipoproteins. However, unbound soluble SAA is intrinsically disordered and is either rapidly degraded or forms amyloid in a lysosome-initiated process. Although acidic pH promotes amyloid fibril formation by this and many other proteins, the molecular underpinnings are unclear. We used an array of spectroscopic, biochemical, and structural methods to uncover that at pH 3.5-4.5, murine SAA1 forms stable soluble oligomers that are maximally folded at pH 4.3 with ∼35% α-helix and are unusually resistant to proteolysis. In solution, these oligomers neither readily convert into mature fibrils nor bind lipid surfaces via their amphipathic α-helices in a manner typical of apolipoproteins. Rather, these oligomers undergo an α-helix to β-sheet conversion catalyzed by lipid vesicles and disrupt these vesicles, suggesting a membranolytic potential. Our results provide an explanation for the lysosomal origin of AA amyloidosis. They suggest that high structural stability and resistance to proteolysis of SAA oligomers at pH 3.5-4.5 help them escape lysosomal degradation, promote SAA accumulation in lysosomes, and ultimately damage cellular membranes and liberate intracellular amyloid. We posit that these soluble prefibrillar oligomers provide a missing link in our understanding of the development of AA amyloidosis.
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144
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Rennegarbe M, Lenter I, Schierhorn A, Sawilla R, Haupt C. Influence of C-terminal truncation of murine Serum amyloid A on fibril structure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6170. [PMID: 28733641 PMCID: PMC5522423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is a systemic protein misfolding disease affecting humans and other vertebrates. While the protein precursor in humans and mice is the acute-phase reactant serum amyloid A (SAA) 1.1, the deposited fibrils consist mainly of C-terminally truncated SAA fragments, termed AA proteins. For yet unknown reasons, phenotypic variations in the AA amyloid distribution pattern are clearly associated with specific AA proteins. Here we describe a bacterial expression system and chromatographic strategies to obtain significant amounts of C-terminally truncated fragments of murine SAA1.1 that correspond in truncation position to relevant pathological AA proteins found in humans. This enables us to investigate systematically structural features of derived fibrils. All fragments form fibrils under nearly physiological conditions that show similar morphological appearance and amyloid-like properties as evident from amyloid-specific dye binding, transmission electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. However, infrared spectroscopy suggests variations in the structural organization of the amyloid fibrils that might be derived from a modulating role of the C-terminus for the fibril structure. These results provide insights, which can help to get a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the different clinical phenotypes of AA amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthies Rennegarbe
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Inga Lenter
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Angelika Schierhorn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Romy Sawilla
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Haupt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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145
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Claus S, Meinhardt K, Aumüller T, Puscalau-Girtu I, Linder J, Haupt C, Walther P, Syrovets T, Simmet T, Fändrich M. Cellular mechanism of fibril formation from serum amyloid A1 protein. EMBO Rep 2017. [PMID: 28637682 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) is an apolipoprotein that binds to the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction of the serum and constitutes the fibril precursor protein in systemic AA amyloidosis. We here show that HDL binding blocks fibril formation from soluble SAA1 protein, whereas internalization into mononuclear phagocytes leads to the formation of amyloid. SAA1 aggregation in the cell model disturbs the integrity of vesicular membranes and leads to lysosomal leakage and apoptotic death. The formed amyloid becomes deposited outside the cell where it can seed the fibrillation of extracellular SAA1. Our data imply that cells are transiently required in the amyloidogenic cascade and promote the initial nucleation of the deposits. This mechanism reconciles previous evidence for the extracellular location of deposits and amyloid precursor protein with observations the cells are crucial for the formation of amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Claus
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Aumüller
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Julia Linder
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Haupt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Electron Microscopy Facility, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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146
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Frame NM, Jayaraman S, Gantz DL, Gursky O. Serum amyloid A self-assembles with phospholipids to form stable protein-rich nanoparticles with a distinct structure: A hypothetical function of SAA as a "molecular mop" in immune response. J Struct Biol 2017. [PMID: 28645735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein whose action in innate immunity and lipid homeostasis is unclear. Most circulating SAA binds plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and reroutes lipid transport. In vivo SAA binds existing lipoproteins or generates them de novo upon lipid uptake from cells. We explored the products of SAA-lipid interactions and lipoprotein remodeling in vitro. SAA complexes with palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphocholine (POPC) were analyzed for structure and stability using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy, electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. The results revealed the formation of 8-11nm lipoproteins that were∼50% α-helical and stable at near-physiological conditions but were irreversibly remodeled at Tm∼52°C. Similar HDL-size nanoparticles formed spontaneously at ambient conditions or upon thermal remodeling of parent lipoproteins containing various amounts of proteins and lipids, including POPC and cholesterol. Therefore, such HDL-size particles formed stable kinetically accessible structures in a wide range of conditions. Based on their size and stoichiometry, each particle contained about 12 SAA and 72 POPC molecules, with a protein:lipid weight ratio circa 2.5:1, suggesting a structure distinct from HDL. High stability of these nanoparticles and their HDL-like size suggest that similar lipoproteins may form in vivo during inflammation or injury when SAA concentration is high and membranes from dead cells require rapid removal. We speculate that solubilization of membranes by SAA to generate lipoproteins in a spontaneous energy-independent process constitutes the primordial function of this ancient protein, providing the first line of defense in clearing cell debris from the injured sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Frame
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Shobini Jayaraman
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Donald L Gantz
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Olga Gursky
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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147
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Annamalai K, Liberta F, Vielberg MT, Close W, Lilie H, Gührs KH, Schierhorn A, Koehler R, Schmidt A, Haupt C, Hegenbart U, Schönland S, Schmidt M, Groll M, Fändrich M. Common Fibril Structures Imply Systemically Conserved Protein Misfolding Pathways In Vivo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7510-7514. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Annamalai
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry; Ulm University; Helmholtzstrasse 8/1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Falk Liberta
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry; Ulm University; Helmholtzstrasse 8/1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Vielberg
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM); Technische Universität München, Department Chemie; 85748 Garching Germany
| | - William Close
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry; Ulm University; Helmholtzstrasse 8/1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Hauke Lilie
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology/Technical Biochemistry; 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Gührs
- CF Protemics; Leibniz Institute on Aging-, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI); Beutenbergstraße 11 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Angelika Schierhorn
- Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie; Serviceeinheit für Massenspektrometrie; 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Rolf Koehler
- Institute of Human Genetics; Im Neuenheimer Feld 366 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry; Ulm University; Helmholtzstrasse 8/1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Christian Haupt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry; Ulm University; Helmholtzstrasse 8/1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ute Hegenbart
- Amyloidosis Center; Department of Internal Medicine V; Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Stefan Schönland
- Amyloidosis Center; Department of Internal Medicine V; Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry; Ulm University; Helmholtzstrasse 8/1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Michael Groll
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM); Technische Universität München, Department Chemie; 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry; Ulm University; Helmholtzstrasse 8/1 89081 Ulm Germany
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148
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Annamalai K, Liberta F, Vielberg MT, Close W, Lilie H, Gührs KH, Schierhorn A, Koehler R, Schmidt A, Haupt C, Hegenbart U, Schönland S, Schmidt M, Groll M, Fändrich M. Common Fibril Structures Imply Systemically Conserved Protein Misfolding Pathways In Vivo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Annamalai
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry; Ulm University; Helmholtzstrasse 8/1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Falk Liberta
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry; Ulm University; Helmholtzstrasse 8/1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Vielberg
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM); Technische Universität München, Department Chemie; 85748 Garching Germany
| | - William Close
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry; Ulm University; Helmholtzstrasse 8/1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Hauke Lilie
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology/Technical Biochemistry; 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Gührs
- CF Protemics; Leibniz Institute on Aging-, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI); Beutenbergstraße 11 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Angelika Schierhorn
- Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie; Serviceeinheit für Massenspektrometrie; 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Rolf Koehler
- Institute of Human Genetics; Im Neuenheimer Feld 366 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry; Ulm University; Helmholtzstrasse 8/1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Christian Haupt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry; Ulm University; Helmholtzstrasse 8/1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ute Hegenbart
- Amyloidosis Center; Department of Internal Medicine V; Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Stefan Schönland
- Amyloidosis Center; Department of Internal Medicine V; Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry; Ulm University; Helmholtzstrasse 8/1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Michael Groll
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM); Technische Universität München, Department Chemie; 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry; Ulm University; Helmholtzstrasse 8/1 89081 Ulm Germany
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149
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Abstract
Most age-related neurodegenerative diseases are associated with the misfolding and aberrant accumulation of specific proteins in the nervous system. The proteins self-assemble and spread by a prion-like process of corruptive molecular templating, whereby abnormally folded proteins induce the misfolding and aggregation of like proteins into characteristic lesions. Despite the apparent simplicity of this process at the molecular level, diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, and others display remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity, both clinically and pathologically. Evidence is growing that this variability is mediated, at least in part, by the acquisition of diverse molecular architectures by the misfolded proteins, variants referred to as proteopathic strains. The structural and functional diversity of the assemblies is influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and local contextual factors. Insights into proteopathic strains gleaned from the classical prion diseases can be profitably incorporated into research on other neurodegenerative diseases. Their potentially wide-ranging influence on disease phenotype also suggests that proteopathic strains should be considered in the design and interpretation of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lary C Walker
- Department of Neurology and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;
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150
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Claus S, Puscalau-Girtu I, Walther P, Syrovets T, Simmet T, Haupt C, Fändrich M. Cell-to-cell transfer of SAA1 protein in a cell culture model of systemic AA amyloidosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45683. [PMID: 28361953 PMCID: PMC5374501 DOI: 10.1038/srep45683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic AA amyloidosis arises from the misfolding of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) protein and the deposition of AA amyloid fibrils at multiple sites within the body. Previous research already established that mononuclear phagocytes are crucial for the formation of the deposits in vivo and exposure of cultures of such cells to SAA1 protein induces the formation of amyloid deposits within the culture dish. In this study we show that both non-fibrillar and fibrillar SAA1 protein can be readily transferred between cultured J774A.1 cells, a widely used model of mononuclear phagocytes. We find that the exchange is generally faster with non-fibrillar SAA1 protein than with fibrils. Exchange is blocked if cells are separated by a membrane, while increasing the volume of cell culture medium had only small effects on the observed exchange efficiency. Taken together with scanning electron microscopy showing the presence of the respective types of physical interactions between the cultured cells, we conclude that the transfer of SAA1 protein depends on direct cell-to-cell contacts or tunneling nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Claus
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ioana Puscalau-Girtu
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 20, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 20, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Haupt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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