101
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Understanding the micro structure of Berea Sandstone by the simultaneous use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). Micron 2011; 42:412-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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102
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Syed SH, Larin KV, Dickinson ME, Larina IV. Optical coherence tomography for high-resolution imaging of mouse development in utero. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:046004. [PMID: 21529073 PMCID: PMC3081861 DOI: 10.1117/1.3560300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although the mouse is a superior model to study mammalian embryonic development, high-resolution live dynamic visualization of mouse embryos remain a technical challenge. We present optical coherence tomography as a novel methodology for live imaging of mouse embryos through the uterine wall thereby allowing for time lapse analysis of developmental processes and direct phenotypic analysis of developing embryos. We assessed the capability of the proposed methodology to visualize structures of the living embryo from embryonic stages 12.5 to 18.5 days postcoitus. Repetitive in utero embryonic imaging is demonstrated. Our work opens the door for a wide range of live, in utero embryonic studies to screen for mutations and understand the effects of pharmacological and toxicological agents leading to birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba H Syed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
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103
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Han X, Bian J, Eaker DR, Kline TL, Sidky EY, Ritman EL, Pan X. Algorithm-enabled low-dose micro-CT imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2011; 30:606-20. [PMID: 20977983 PMCID: PMC3645946 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2010.2089695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is an important tool in biomedical research and preclinical applications that can provide visual inspection of and quantitative information about imaged small animals and biological samples such as vasculature specimens. Currently, micro-CT imaging uses projection data acquired at a large number (300-1000) of views, which can limit system throughput and potentially degrade image quality due to radiation-induced deformation or damage to the small animal or specimen. In this work, we have investigated low-dose micro-CT and its application to specimen imaging from substantially reduced projection data by using a recently developed algorithm, referred to as the adaptive-steepest-descent-projection-onto-convex-sets (ASD-POCS) algorithm, which reconstructs an image through minimizing the image total-variation and enforcing data constraints. To validate and evaluate the performance of the ASD-POCS algorithm, we carried out quantitative evaluation studies in a number of tasks of practical interest in imaging of specimens of real animal organs. The results show that the ASD-POCS algorithm can yield images with quality comparable to that obtained with existing algorithms, while using one-sixth to one quarter of the 361-view data currently used in typical micro-CT specimen imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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104
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Dzyubak OP, Ritman EL. Automation of Hessian-Based Tubularity Measure Response Function in 3D Biomedical Images. Int J Biomed Imaging 2011; 2011:920401. [PMID: 21437202 PMCID: PMC3062949 DOI: 10.1155/2011/920401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood vessels and nerve trees consist of tubular objects interconnected into a complex tree- or web-like structure that has a range of structural scale 5 μm diameter capillaries to 3 cm aorta. This large-scale range presents two major problems; one is just making the measurements, and the other is the exponential increase of component numbers with decreasing scale. With the remarkable increase in the volume imaged by, and resolution of, modern day 3D imagers, it is almost impossible to make manual tracking of the complex multiscale parameters from those large image data sets. In addition, the manual tracking is quite subjective and unreliable. We propose a solution for automation of an adaptive nonsupervised system for tracking tubular objects based on multiscale framework and use of Hessian-based object shape detector incorporating National Library of Medicine Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK) image processing libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr P. Dzyubak
- Physiological Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Erik L. Ritman
- Physiological Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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105
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Gufler H, Franke FE, Wagner S, Rau WS. Fine structure of breast tissue on micro computed tomography a feasibility study. Acad Radiol 2011; 18:230-4. [PMID: 21232686 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility of micro computed tomography (CT) to assess the fine structure of breast tissue. METHODS AND MATERIALS Breast core needle biopsy specimens (0.8 to 1.2 mm diameter) from fifteen women with clustered microcalcifications were examined using micro CT with isotropic voxels of 8.4 μm. Reconstructed two- and three-dimensional images were compared with the corresponding histological slices. Gray-scale measurements were performed in adipose tissue, fibroglandular tissue, fibrous tissue, microcalcifications, and tumor. The Tukey-Kramer method was applied to test the statistically significant differences between gray-scale attenuation values of breast tissue components. RESULTS Soft-tissue architecture appearance at micro CT closely approximated that obtained by light microscopy at low power field. The Tukey-Kramer method revealed statistically significant differences for attenuation values for all combinations of breast tissue components with the exception of fibroglandular tissue versus fibrous tissue. CONCLUSIONS Micro CT is feasible for the differentiation of breast tissue components from core needle specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Gufler
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Giessen, Germany.
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106
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Wear of polyethylene tibial inserts can decrease the longevity of total knee arthroplasty. Wear is currently assessed using laboratory methods that may not permit backside wear measurements or do not quantify surface deviation. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We developed and validated a technique to quantify polyethylene wear in tibial inserts using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), a nondestructive high-resolution imaging technique that provides detailed images of surface geometry in addition to volumetric measurements. METHODS Six unworn and six wear-simulated polyethylene tibial inserts were evaluated. Each insert was scanned three times using micro-CT at a resolution of 50 μm. The insert surface was reconstructed for each scan and the insert volume was calculated. Gravimetric analysis was performed for all inserts, and the micro-CT and gravimetric volumes were compared to determine accuracy. We created three-dimensional surface deviation maps. RESULTS Micro-CT generated high-quality three-dimensional renderings of the insert surface geometry. Between-scan precision was 0.07%; we observed no difference between micro-CT and gravimetric volume measurements. CONCLUSIONS Micro-CT can provide precise and accurate volumetric measurements in addition to quantifiable three-dimensional surface deviation maps for the entire insert surface. The technique has the potential to evaluate wear in wear simulator trials and retrieval studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This micro-CT technique combines the benefits of volumetric and surface scanning methods to quantify wear across all surfaces of polyethylene components with a single tool. When applied in wear simulator and retrieval studies, these measurements can be used to evaluate and predict the wear properties of the components.
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107
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Das D, Zhang Z, Winkler T, Mour M, Gunter C, Morlock M, Machens HG, Schilling AF. Bioresorption and degradation of biomaterials. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 126:317-33. [PMID: 21975956 DOI: 10.1007/10_2011_119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The human body is a composite structure, completely constructed of biodegradable materials. This allows the cells of the body to remove and replace old or defective tissue with new material. Consequently, artificial resorbable biomaterials have been developed for application in regenerative medicine. We discuss here advantages and disadvantages of these bioresorbable materials for medical applications and give an overview of typically used metals, ceramics and polymers. Methods for the quantification of bioresorption in vitro and in vivo are described. The next challenge will be to better understand the interface between cell and material and to use this knowledge for the design of “intelligent” materials that can instruct the cells to build specific tissue geometries and degrade in the process.
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108
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Bártolo PJ, Domingos M, Patrício T, Cometa S, Mironov V. Biofabrication Strategies for Tissue Engineering. COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN APPLIED SCIENCES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1254-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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109
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Hann CR, Bentley MD, Vercnocke A, Ritman EL, Fautsch MP. Imaging the aqueous humor outflow pathway in human eyes by three-dimensional micro-computed tomography (3D micro-CT). Exp Eye Res 2010; 92:104-11. [PMID: 21187085 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The site of outflow resistance leading to elevated intraocular pressure in primary open-angle glaucoma is believed to be located in the region of Schlemm's canal inner wall endothelium, its basement membrane and the adjacent juxtacanalicular tissue. Evidence also suggests collector channels and intrascleral vessels may have a role in intraocular pressure in both normal and glaucoma eyes. Traditional imaging modalities limit the ability to view both proximal and distal portions of the trabecular outflow pathway as a single unit. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of three-dimensional micro-computed tomography (3D micro-CT) as a potential method to view the trabecular outflow pathway. Two normal human eyes were used: one immersion fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and one with anterior chamber perfusion at 10 mmHg followed by perfusion fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde/2% glutaraldehyde. Both eyes were postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide and scanned with 3D micro-CT at 2 μm or 5 μm voxel resolution. In the immersion fixed eye, 24 collector channels were identified with an average orifice size of 27.5 ± 5 μm. In comparison, the perfusion fixed eye had 29 collector channels with a mean orifice size of 40.5 ± 13 μm. Collector channels were not evenly dispersed around the circumference of the eye. There was no significant difference in the length of Schlemm's canal in the immersed versus the perfused eye (33.2 versus 35.1 mm). Structures, locations and size measurements identified by 3D micro-CT were confirmed by correlative light microscopy. These findings confirm 3D micro-CT can be used effectively for the non-invasive examination of the trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, collector channels and intrascleral vasculature that comprise the distal outflow pathway. This imaging modality will be useful for non-invasive study of the role of the trabecular outflow pathway as a whole unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl R Hann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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110
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Williams JC, McAteer JA, Evan AP, Lingeman JE. Micro-computed tomography for analysis of urinary calculi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 38:477-84. [PMID: 20967434 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-010-0326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Micro-computed tomographic (micro CT) imaging has become an important tool for the study of urinary stones. The method involves the collection of a series of X-ray pictures of the stone as it is rotated, and the internal structure of the stone is computationally reconstructed from these pictures. The entire process takes from 30 min to an hour with present technology. Resulting images of the stone provide unprecedented detail of the mineral composition and its morphological arrangement within the stone. For smaller stones, reconstructions can easily have voxel sizes of <5 μm, making this a truly microscopic view of the stone. The micro CT reconstructions can be viewed with any of a number of existing methods for visualizing the structure of both the surface and internal features of the stone. Because the entire process is non-destructive, traditional analysis methods--such as dissection and spectroscopic examination of portions of the stones--can also be performed. Micro CT adds value to traditional methods by identifying regions of the stone to be analyzed, and also with its ability to scan a cluster of stones or stone fragments at once. Finally, micro CT has become a powerful tool to help investigate events in stone formation that distinguish different kinds of stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Williams
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive MS 5055Y, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5120, USA.
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111
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Zou W, Hunter N, Swain MV. Application of polychromatic µCT for mineral density determination. J Dent Res 2010; 90:18-30. [PMID: 20858779 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510378429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessment of mineral density (MD) provides information critical to the understanding of mineralization processes of calcified tissues, including bones and teeth. High-resolution three-dimensional assessment of the MD of teeth has been demonstrated by relatively inaccessible synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography (SRµCT). While conventional desktop µCT (CµCT) technology is widely available, polychromatic source and cone-shaped beam geometry confound MD assessment. Recently, considerable attention has been given to optimizing quantitative data from CµCT systems with polychromatic x-ray sources. In this review, we focus on the approaches that minimize inaccuracies arising from beam hardening, in particular, beam filtration during the scan, beam-hardening correction during reconstruction, and mineral density calibration. Filtration along with lowest possible source voltage results in a narrow and near-single-peak spectrum, favoring high contrast and minimal beam-hardening artifacts. More effective beam monochromatization approaches are described. We also examine the significance of beam-hardening correction in determining the accuracy of mineral density estimation. In addition, standards for the calibration of reconstructed grey-scale attenuation values against MD, including K(2)PHO(4) liquid phantom, and polymer-hydroxyapatite (HA) and solid hydroxyapatite (HA) phantoms, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zou
- Biomaterials Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
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112
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Dinley J, Hawkins L, Paterson G, Ball AD, Sinclair I, Sinnett-Jones P, Lanham S. Micro-computed X-ray tomography: a new non-destructive method of assessing sectional, fly-through and 3D imaging of a soft-bodied marine worm. J Microsc 2010; 238:123-33. [PMID: 20529060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The detailed examination of the internal and functional anatomy of soft-bodied marine worms has, until now, only been possible using the time consuming and destructive techniques of dissection, histology and electron microscopy. This is the first description of soft body morphology in polychaetes (Nephtys hombergii) derived by means of a bench-top X-ray micro-CT scanner. The data are augmented, for comparison, by dissections, microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the same species to show how this non-destructive technique can rapidly and reliably produce high-quality morphological data. It can also be applied to rare or unique invertebrate soft tissue material from museum collections and also to large-scale invertebrate comparative anatomical studies possibly leading to greater evolutionary and taxonomic understanding. High-definition images were obtained without the use of special tissue enhancing stains or radio-opaque fluids and it is believed that this is the first time the technique has been successfully applied to this group of invertebrates. Extrapolation of the sectional imaging of regions of the gut and the production of three-dimensional rotating and 'fly-through' imaging can assist in assessment of aspects of functional anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dinley
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, Hampshire SO14 3ZH, UK.
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113
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Tsafnat N, Wroe S. An experimentally validated micromechanical model of a rat vertebra under compressive loading. J Anat 2010; 218:40-6. [PMID: 20819113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, finite element analysis (FEA) has been increasingly applied to examine and predict the mechanical behaviour of craniofacial and other bony structures. Traditional methods used to determine material properties and validate finite element models (FEMs) have met with variable success, and can be time-consuming. An implicit assumption underlying many FE studies is that relatively high localized stress/strain magnitudes identified in FEMs are likely to predict material failure. Here we present a new approach that may offer some advantages over previous approaches. Recently developed technology now allows us to both image and conduct mechanical tests on samples in situ using a materials testing stage (MTS) fitted inside the microCT scanner. Thus, micro-finite element models can be created and validated using both quantitative and qualitative means. In this study, a rat vertebra was tested under compressive loading until failure using an MTS. MicroCT imaging of the vertebra before mechanical testing was used to create a high resolution finite element model of the vertebra. Load-displacement data recorded during the test were used to calculate the effective Young's modulus of the bone (found to be 128 MPa). The microCT image of the compressed vertebra was used to assess the predictive qualities of the FE model. The model showed the highest stress concentrations in the areas that failed during the test. Clearly, our analyses do not directly address biomechanics of the craniofacial region; however, the methodology adopted here could easily be applied to examine the properties and behaviour of specific craniofacial structures, or whole craniofacial regions of small vertebrates. Experimentally validated micro-FE analyses are a powerful method in the study of materials with complex microstructures such as bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Tsafnat
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia.
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114
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Bouxsein ML, Boyd SK, Christiansen BA, Guldberg RE, Jepsen KJ, Müller R. Guidelines for assessment of bone microstructure in rodents using micro-computed tomography. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:1468-86. [PMID: 20533309 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3096] [Impact Index Per Article: 221.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Use of high-resolution micro-computed tomography (microCT) imaging to assess trabecular and cortical bone morphology has grown immensely. There are several commercially available microCT systems, each with different approaches to image acquisition, evaluation, and reporting of outcomes. This lack of consistency makes it difficult to interpret reported results and to compare findings across different studies. This article addresses this critical need for standardized terminology and consistent reporting of parameters related to image acquisition and analysis, and key outcome assessments, particularly with respect to ex vivo analysis of rodent specimens. Thus the guidelines herein provide recommendations regarding (1) standardized terminology and units, (2) information to be included in describing the methods for a given experiment, and (3) a minimal set of outcome variables that should be reported. Whereas the specific research objective will determine the experimental design, these guidelines are intended to ensure accurate and consistent reporting of microCT-derived bone morphometry and density measurements. In particular, the methods section for papers that present microCT-based outcomes must include details of the following scan aspects: (1) image acquisition, including the scanning medium, X-ray tube potential, and voxel size, as well as clear descriptions of the size and location of the volume of interest and the method used to delineate trabecular and cortical bone regions, and (2) image processing, including the algorithms used for image filtration and the approach used for image segmentation. Morphometric analyses should be based on 3D algorithms that do not rely on assumptions about the underlying structure whenever possible. When reporting microCT results, the minimal set of variables that should be used to describe trabecular bone morphometry includes bone volume fraction and trabecular number, thickness, and separation. The minimal set of variables that should be used to describe cortical bone morphometry includes total cross-sectional area, cortical bone area, cortical bone area fraction, and cortical thickness. Other variables also may be appropriate depending on the research question and technical quality of the scan. Standard nomenclature, outlined in this article, should be followed for reporting of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Bouxsein
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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115
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Liu F, Dangaria S, Andl T, Zhang Y, Wright AC, Damek-Poprawa M, Piccolo S, Nagy A, Taketo MM, Diekwisch TGH, Akintoye SO, Millar SE. beta-Catenin initiates tooth neogenesis in adult rodent incisors. J Dent Res 2010; 89:909-14. [PMID: 20530729 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510370090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
beta-Catenin signaling is required for embryonic tooth morphogenesis and promotes continuous tooth development when activated in embryos. To determine whether activation of this pathway in the adult oral cavity could promote tooth development, we induced mutation of epithelial beta-catenin to a stabilized form in adult mice. This caused increased proliferation of the incisor tooth cervical loop, outpouching of incisor epithelium, abnormal morphology of the epithelial-mesenchymal junction, and enhanced expression of genes associated with embryonic tooth development. Ectopic dental-like structures were formed from the incisor region following implantation into immunodeficient mice. Thus, forced activation of beta-catenin signaling can initiate an embryonic-like program of tooth development in adult rodent incisor teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, M8D Stellar-Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6100, USA
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116
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Basalus M, van Houwelingen K, Ankone M, Feijen J, von Birgelen C. Micro-computed tomographic assessment following extremely oversized partial postdilatation of drug-eluting stents. EUROINTERVENTION 2010. [DOI: 10.4244/eijv6i1a21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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117
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Mehrotra M, Rosol M, Ogawa M, Larue AC. Amelioration of a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: microcomputed tomography studies. Exp Hematol 2010; 38:593-602. [PMID: 20417683 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generate bone cells using bone marrow (BM) cell transplantation in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). OI is a genetic disorder resulting from abnormal amount and/or structure of type I collagen and is characterized by osteopenia, fragile bones, and skeletal deformities. Homozygous OI murine mice (oim; B6C3Fe a/a-Col1a2(oim)/J) offer excellent recipients for transplantation of normal HSCs, because fast turnover of osteoprogenitors has been shown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We transplanted BM mononuclear cells or 50 BM cells highly enriched for HSCs from transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein mice into irradiated oim mice and analyzed changes in bone parameters using longitudinal microcomputed tomography. RESULTS Dramatic improvements were observed in three-dimensional microcomputed tomography images of these bones 3 to 6 months post-transplantation when the mice showed high levels of hematopoietic engraftment. Histomorphometric assessment of the bone parameters, such as trabecular structure and cortical width, supported observations from three-dimensional images. There was an increase in bone volume, trabecular number, and trabecular thickness with a concomitant decrease in trabecular spacing. Analysis of a nonengrafted mouse or a mouse that was transplanted with BM cells from oim mice showed continued deterioration in the bone parameters. The engrafted mice gained weight and became less prone to spontaneous fractures while the control mice worsened clinically and eventually developed kyphosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings strongly support the concept that HSCs generate bone cells. Furthermore, they are consistent with observations from clinical transplantation studies and suggest therapeutic potentials of HSCs in OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Mehrotra
- Research Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401-5799, USA
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118
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Ruthensteiner B, Baeumler N, Barnes DG. Interactive 3D volume rendering in biomedical publications. Micron 2010; 41:886.e1-886.e17. [PMID: 20562000 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We present three examples of interactive, 3D volume rendering models embedded in a PDF publication. The examples are drawn from three different morphological methods - confocal microscopy, serial sectioning and microcomputed tomography - performed on members of the phylum Mollusca. A description of the entire technical procedure from specimen preparation to embedding of the visual model including 3D labels in the document is provided. For comparison, volume rendering with standard visualization software, and surface rendering incorporated in the 3D PDF figures, are provided. The principal advantages and disadvantages of the techniques and models are discussed. Volume rendering for serial sections is relatively work-intensive, while confocal data have limitations in terms of 3D presentation. Volume renderings are normally downsampled in resolution to achieve a reasonable PDF file size, however intentional information is largely retained. We conclude that volume rendering of 3D data sets is a valuable technique and should become standard in PDF versions of biomedical publications.
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119
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Hillebrand JJG, Langhans W, Geary N. Validation of computed tomographic estimates of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue in rats and mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:848-53. [PMID: 19851311 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the accuracy, sensitivity, and reliability of computed tomographic (CT) estimates of intra-abdominal (IA) and subcutaneous (S) adipose tissue (AT) in rats and mice using the Aloka rodent CT. Here, we present the first comparisons of CT estimates of the weights of AT samples ex vivo to balance weights of the same samples, of CT estimates of AT weights in vivo to the weights of resected whole-body AT, and of CT estimates of the weights of pieces of AT inserted IA or S in vivo to the weights of the same pieces ex vivo. CT underestimated AT weight ex vivo by approximately 10%, and correction of the automated categorization of IAAT and SAT by Aloka software was required. After these adjustments, correlations (r) of CT estimates and balance weights of resected AT were > or =0.99 in rats and > or =0.92 in mice. CT was impressively sensitive: the 95% probability range of CT estimates of 10,000 mg AT inserts into rats was +/-780 mg and of 500 mg inserts into mice, +/-20 mg. Scans limited to the abdominal region correlated well (r > 0.90) with whole-body scan measures of IAAT and SAT in rats and with IAAT, but not SAT (r < 0.80), in mice. Sums of IAAT and SAT correlated well with body weight in rats (r > 0.90), but not in mice (r < 0.80). Coefficients of variance (CVs) of duplicate scans were <5%. We conclude that CT is a valid tool for studies of AT weight in rats and mice, especially when rapid throughput or longitudinal measures are desired.
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120
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Nett BE, Brauweiler R, Kalender W, Rowley H, Chen GH. Perfusion measurements by micro-CT using prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS): initial phantom results. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:2333-50. [PMID: 20360635 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/8/014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Micro-CT scanning has become an accepted standard for anatomical imaging in small animal disease and genome mutation models. Concurrently, perfusion imaging via tracking contrast dynamics after injection of an iodinated contrast agent is a well-established tool for clinical CT scanners. However, perfusion imaging is not yet commercially available on the micro-CT platform due to limitations in both radiation dose and temporal resolution. Recent hardware developments in micro-CT scanners enable continuous imaging of a given volume through the use of a slip-ring gantry. Now that dynamic CT imaging is feasible, data may be acquired to measure tissue perfusion using a micro-CT scanner (CT Imaging, Erlangen, Germany). However, rapid imaging using micro-CT scanners leads to high image noise in individual time frames. Using the standard filtered backprojection (FBP) image reconstruction, images are prohibitively noisy for calculation of voxel-by-voxel perfusion maps. In this study, we apply prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS) to reconstruct images with significantly lower noise variance. In perfusion phantom experiments performed on a micro-CT scanner, the PICCS reconstruction enabled a reduction to 1/16 of the noise variance of standard FBP reconstruction, without compromising the spatial or temporal resolution. This enables a significant increase in dose efficiency, and thus, significantly less exposure time is needed to acquire images amenable to perfusion processing. This reduction in required irradiation time enables voxel-by-voxel perfusion maps to be generated on micro-CT scanners. Sample perfusion maps using a deconvolution-based perfusion analysis are included to demonstrate the improvement in image quality using the PICCS algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Nett
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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121
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Eloot L, Buls N, Covens P, Willekens I, Lahoutte T, de Mey J. Quality control of micro-computed tomography systems. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2010; 139:463-467. [PMID: 20223850 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanners in preclinical small animal studies has created a need for a method on scanner performance evaluation and scan parameter optimisation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of the scanner with a dedicated micro-CT phantom. The phantom was developed with different independent sections that allow for measurement of major scanner characteristics such as uniformity, linearity, contrast response, dosimetry and resolution. The results of a thorough investigation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Eloot
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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122
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Basalus MWZ, von Birgelen C. Benchside testing of drug-eluting stent surface and geometry. Interv Cardiol 2010. [DOI: 10.2217/ica.10.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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123
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Kuntz J, Dinkel J, Zwick S, Bäuerle T, Grasruck M, Kiessling F, Gupta R, Semmler W, Bartling SH. Fully automated intrinsic respiratory and cardiac gating for small animal CT. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:2069-85. [PMID: 20299735 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/7/018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A fully automated, intrinsic gating algorithm for small animal cone-beam CT is described and evaluated. A parameter representing the organ motion, derived from the raw projection images, is used for both cardiac and respiratory gating. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to reconstruct motion-corrected still images as well as to generate four-dimensional (4D) datasets representing the cardiac and pulmonary anatomy of free-breathing animals without the use of electrocardiogram (ECG) or respiratory sensors. Variation analysis of projections from several rotations is used to place a region of interest (ROI) on the diaphragm. The ROI is cranially extended to include the heart. The centre of mass (COM) variation within this ROI, the filtered frequency response and the local maxima are used to derive a binary motion-gating parameter for phase-sensitive gated reconstruction. This algorithm was implemented on a flat-panel-based cone-beam CT scanner and evaluated using a moving phantom and animal scans (seven rats and eight mice). Volumes were determined using a semiautomatic segmentation. In all cases robust gating signals could be obtained. The maximum volume error in phantom studies was less than 6%. By utilizing extrinsic gating via externally placed cardiac and respiratory sensors, the functional parameters (e.g. cardiac ejection fraction) and image quality were equivalent to this current gold standard. This algorithm obviates the necessity of both gating hardware and user interaction. The simplicity of the proposed algorithm enables adoption in a wide range of small animal cone-beam CT scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuntz
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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124
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Sheng ZF, Ye W, Wang J, Li CH, Liu JH, Liang QC, Li S, Xu K, Liao EY. OPG knockout mouse teeth display reduced alveolar bone mass and hypermineralization in enamel and dentin. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:288-93. [PMID: 20233613 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that local injection or upregulation of OPG gene would result in early temporal retardation of tooth development. It was assumed that this retardation might cause defective tooth mineralization and pulp formation as the long-term effects. However, since those OPG treatments were transient, any possible long-term effects of OPG addition could not be assessed previously. In the present study, a high-resolution microCT was used to evaluate the long-term effect of OPG gene deprivation on the mineralization and morphology of mouse tooth. Our results showed that the mineralization of alveolar bone in OPG(-/-) mouse tooth was decreased while those of enamel and dentin were increased, compared with the wild-type (WT) group. The labial and lingual dentin thicknesses of OPG(-/-) group were significantly higher and with larger area in enamel and dentin than those of WT group. The size of pulp chamber was also substantially decreased in OPG(-/-) mouse incisor. Different responses in mineralization and morphogenesis to OPG gene deprivation were found between bone and tooth. These effects may be independent of the early odontogenesis, and further studies are warranted to investigate the molecular mechanism of the effect of OPG gene expression on bone formation and later tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Sheng
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 86 Renmin-Zhong Rd, Hunan 410011, PR China
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125
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Mondy WL, Cameron D, Timmermans JP, De Clerck N, Sasov A, Casteleyn C, Piegl LA. Micro-CT of corrosion casts for use in the computer-aided design of microvasculature. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 15:729-38. [PMID: 19290799 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) slices can be reconstructed into three-dimensional (3D) models that demonstrate capillary beds. This study focused on the acquisition of data necessary to create scaffolding that directly mimics the unique structural patterns of a microvascular tree system. The Microfil vascular contrasting method was compared to the Baston's methylmethacrylate corrosion casting (BMCC) method to determine which provided the most accurate and high-resolution results for 3D micro-CT reconstruction derived from the two-dimensional micro-CT slices of the capillary beds. It was determined that the BMCC, a method traditionally used in the scanning electron microscopic analysis of the microvasculature, was the best method for representing capillary lumina for micro-CT scanning. The removal of tissues from the BMCC cast resulted in samples that eliminated background material, thus increasing the X-ray contrast levels of the CT images. This provided for a more complete and more distinguishable high-resolution image of the represented capillary lumina. Images created with this BMCC method were reconstructed in a stereolithography file format as 3D mesh structure for later importing into computer-aided design (CAD) software. The resulting Bio-CAD, then, can be used to guide the more accurate fabrication of the microvascular scaffolding and then serve as the framework for tissue engineering of microvascular structures. Results from this study clearly indicated that the BMCC method is superior to the Microfil method for accurate and complete high-resolution imaging of capillary beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lafayette Mondy
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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126
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Den Buijs JO, Ritman EL, Dragomir-Daescu D. Validation of a fluid-structure interaction model of solute transport in pores of cyclically deformed tissue scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:1145-56. [PMID: 20136371 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Convection induced by repetitive compression of porous tissue scaffolds enhances solute transport inside the scaffold. Our previous experiments have shown that pore size, shape, and orientation with respect to strain direction greatly influence loading-induced solute transport. The objective of this study was to develop a computational model of deformation-induced solute transport in porous tissue scaffolds, which included the pore geometry of the scaffold. This geometry consisted of a cubic scaffold with single channel in the middle of the scaffold, immersed in a fluid reservoir. Cylindrical pores with circular or elliptic cross section, and spheroid pores were modeled. The scaffold was cyclically compressed from one side, causing fluid motion and dispersion of solute inside the scaffold pore. Scaffold deformation was solved using the finite element method, and fluid flow and solute transport were solved using the finite volume method. The distortion of the scaffold-fluid interface was transferred as a boundary condition to the fluid flow solver. Both convection and diffusion were included in the computations. The solute transport rates in the different scaffold pore geometries agreed well with our previous experimental results obtained with X-ray microimaging. This model will be used to explore transport properties of a spectrum of novel scaffold designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorn Op Den Buijs
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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127
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Rahn H, Odenbach S. X-ray microcomputed tomography as a tool for the investigation of the biodistribution of magnetic nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2009; 4:981-90. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.09.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography is a widely used technique to study the inner structure of opaque samples using the material-dependent attenuation of x-rays. Microcomputed tomography follows the same principles used for conventional medical CT scanners, but improves the spatial resolution to a few micrometers. As an example for the application of x-ray microtomography, the study of the 3D biodistribution of magnetic nanoparticles in tumoral tissue after minimal invasive cancer therapy, which is one of the crucial factors for this kind of therapy, is presented in this article. In particular, the possibilities and problems resulting from the use of different sources of radiation – synchrotron and x-ray tubes, respectively – will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rahn
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Odenbach
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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128
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Den Buijs JO, Lu L, Jorgensen SM, Dragomir-Daescu D, Yaszemski MJ, Ritman EL. Solute transport in cyclically deformed porous tissue scaffolds with controlled pore cross-sectional geometries. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:1989-99. [PMID: 19196145 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of pore geometry on the transport rate and depth after repetitive mechanical deformation of porous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Flexible cubic imaging phantoms with pores in the shape of a circular cylinder, elliptic cylinder, and spheroid were fabricated from a biodegradable polymer blend using a combined 3D printing and injection molding technique. The specimens were immersed in fluid and loaded with a solution of a radiopaque solute. The solute distribution was quantified by recording 20 microm pixel-resolution images in an X-ray microimaging scanner at selected time points after intervals of dynamic straining with a mean strain of 8.6+/-1.6% at 1.0 Hz. The results show that application of cyclic strain significantly increases the rate and depth of solute transport, as compared to diffusive transport alone, for all pore shapes. In addition, pore shape, pore size, and the orientation of the pore cross-sectional asymmetry with respect to the direction of strain greatly influence solute transport. Thus, pore geometry can be tailored to increase transport rates and depths in cyclically deformed scaffolds, which is of utmost importance when thick, metabolically functional tissues are to be engineered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorn Op Den Buijs
- Physiological Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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129
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Kaltner W, Lorenz K, Schillinger B, Jentys A, Lercher JA. Using Tomography for Exploring Complex Structured Emission Control Catalysts. Catal Letters 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-009-0221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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130
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Wise LD, Winkelmann CT. Evaluation of hydroxyurea-induced fetal skeletal changes in Dutch belted rabbits by micro-computed tomography and alizarin red staining. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 86:220-6. [PMID: 19479798 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This laboratory has been investigating the utility of X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to produce high-resolution, 3D images of skeletal structures in common laboratory species. The present investigation uses micro-CT evaluation of skeletons from rabbit fetuses exposed to the known teratogen, hydroxyurea. METHODS Groups of 4-6 mated Dutch Belted female rabbits each were administered vehicle or hydroxyurea (62.5 to 500 mg/kg) once on GD 12. On GD 28, all live fetuses were weighed, euthanized, and viscera removed. Up to 7 fetuses per litter were placed into a custom-made polystyrene holder and scanned in the micro-CT imaging system. Raw projection data were acquired in approximately 15 seconds, and reconstructed images at 100-micron cubic voxel dimension could be viewed as early as 20 minutes later. Fetuses were subsequently stained with alizarin red, and findings recorded separately for each method without knowledge of treatment group. RESULTS Except for a few isolated cases, micro-CT evaluation detected the same skeletal malformations, variations, and incomplete ossifications as seen by the staining method. Skeletal elements that are very small (e.g., caudal-most vertebrae, metacarpal no. 1) or those with a minimal degree of ossification were occasionally not observed with micro-CT. However, this difference did not impact the overall study conclusions. Femur length was easily measured by micro-CT. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that micro-CT imaging can effectively assess rabbit fetal skeletal structures, and for those laboratories with this resource, may be used to significantly reduce time prior to skeletal evaluation and hazardous wastes associated with staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- L David Wise
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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131
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Abstract
With recent advances in molecular medicine and disease treatment in osteoporosis, quantitative image processing of three-dimensional bone structures is critical in the context of bone quality assessment. Biomedical imaging technology such as MRI or CT is readily available, but few attempts have been made to expand the capabilities of these systems by integrating quantitative analysis tools and by exploring structure-function relationships in a hierarchical fashion. Nevertheless, such quantitative end points are an important factor for success in basic research and in the development of novel therapeutic strategies. CT is key to these developments, as it images and quantifies bone in three dimensions and provides multiscale biological imaging capabilities with isotropic resolutions of a few millimeters (clinical CT), a few tens of micrometers (microCT) and even as high as 100 nanometers (nanoCT). The technology enables the assessment of the relationship between microstructural and ultrastructural measures of bone quality and certain diseases or therapies. This Review focuses on presenting strategies for three-dimensional approaches to hierarchical biomechanical imaging in the study of microstructural and ultrastructural bone failure. From this Review, it can be concluded that biomechanical imaging is extremely valuable for the study of bone failure mechanisms at different hierarchical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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132
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Faraj KA, Cuijpers VM, Wismans RG, Walboomers XF, Jansen JA, van Kuppevelt TH, Daamen WF. Micro-Computed Tomographical Imaging of Soft Biological Materials Using Contrast Techniques. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2009; 15:493-9. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaeuis A. Faraj
- Department of Biochemistry 280, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- aap Bioimplant—EMCM BV, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent M.J.I. Cuijpers
- Department of Biomaterials 309, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronnie G. Wismans
- Department of Biochemistry 280, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - X. Frank Walboomers
- Department of Biomaterials 309, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John A. Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials 309, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Toin H. van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry 280, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willeke F. Daamen
- Department of Biochemistry 280, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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133
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SCHERZER CORNELIA, WINDHAGEN HENNING, NELLESEN JENS, CROSTAK HORSTARTUR, ROHN KARL, WITTE FRANK, THOREY FRITZ, FEHR MICHAEL, HAUSCHILD GREGOR. COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE CANINE FEMORAL HEAD IN LEGG-CALVÉ-PERTHES DISEASE. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2009; 50:404-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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134
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Engelhorn T, Eyupoglu IY, Schwarz MA, Karolczak M, Bruenner H, Struffert T, Kalender W, Doerfler A. In vivo micro-CT imaging of rat brain glioma: A comparison with 3T MRI and histology. Neurosci Lett 2009; 458:28-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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135
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Abstract
Multimodality small-animal molecular imaging has become increasingly important as transgenic and knockout mice are produced to model human diseases. With the ever-increasing number and importance of human disease models, particularly in rodents (mice and rats), the ability of high-resolution multimodality molecular imaging instrumentation to contribute unique information is becoming more common and necessary. Multimodality imaging with high spatial resolution and good sensitivity, which combines modalities and records sequentially or simultaneously complementary information, offers many advantages in certain research experiments. This article discusses the current trends and new horizons in preclinical multimodality imaging in-vivo and its role in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Stout
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 570 Westwood Plaza, CNSI Building, Room 2151, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Habib Zaidi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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136
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Parameswaran H, Bartolák-Suki E, Hamakawa H, Majumdar A, Allen PG, Suki B. Three-dimensional measurement of alveolar airspace volumes in normal and emphysematous lungs using micro-CT. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 107:583-92. [PMID: 19541732 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91227.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In pulmonary emphysema, the alveolar structure progressively breaks down via a three-dimensional (3D) process that leads to airspace enlargement. The characterization of such structural changes has, however, been based on measurements from two-dimensional (2D) tissue sections or estimates of 3D structure from 2D measurements. In this study, we developed a novel silver staining method for visualizing tissue structure in 3D using micro-computed tomographic (CT) imaging, which showed that at 30 cmH20 fixing pressure, the mean alveolar airspace volume increased from 0.12 nl in normal mice to 0.44 nl and 2.14 nl in emphysematous mice, respectively, at 7 and 14 days following elastase-induced injury. We also assessed tissue structure in 2D using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The mean of the equivalent diameters of the alveolar airspaces was lower in 2D compared with 3D, while its variance was higher in 2D than in 3D in all groups. However, statistical comparisons of alveolar airspace size from normal and emphysematous mice yielded similar results in 2D and 3D: compared with control, both the mean and variance of the equivalent diameters increased by 7 days after treatment. These indexes further increased from day 7 to day 14 following treatment. During the first 7 days following treatment, the relative change in SD increased at a much faster rate compared with the relative change in mean equivalent diameter. We conclude that quantifying heterogeneity in structure can provide new insight into the pathogenesis or progression of emphysema that is enhanced by improved sensitivity using 3D measurements.
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137
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Wise LD, Winkelmann CT. Micro-computed tomography and alizarin red evaluations of boric acid-induced fetal skeletal changes in Sprague-Dawley rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 86:214-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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138
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Cunningham CA, Black SM. Anticipating bipedalism: trabecular organization in the newborn ilium. J Anat 2009; 214:817-29. [PMID: 19538628 PMCID: PMC2705293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trabecular bone structural organization is considered to be predominantly influenced by localized temporal forces which act to maintain and remodel the trabecular architecture into a biomechanically optimal configuration. In the adult pelvis, the most significant remodelling forces are believed to be those generated during bipedal locomotion. However, during the fetal and neonatal period the pelvic complex is non-weight bearing and, as such, structural organization of iliac trabecular bone cannot reflect direct stance-related forces. In this study, micro-computed tomography scans from 28 neonatal ilia were analysed, using a whole bone approach, to investigate the trabecular characteristics present within specific volumes of interest relevant to density gradients highlighted in a previous radiographic study. Analysis of the structural indices bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing and trabecular number was carried out to quantitatively investigate structural composition. Quantification of the neonatal trabecular structure reinforced radiographic observations by highlighting regions of significant architectural form which grossly parallel architectural differences in the adult pattern but which have previously been attributed to stance-related forces. It is suggested that the seemingly organized rudimentary scaffold observed in the neonatal ilium may be attributable to other non-weight bearing anatomical interactions or even to a predetermined genetic blueprint. It must also be postulated that whilst the observed patterning may be indicative of a predetermined inherent template, early non-weight bearing and late stance-related locomotive influences may subsequently be superimposed upon this scaffolding and perhaps reinforced and likely remodelled at a later age. Ultimately, the analysis of this fundamental primary pattern has core implications for understanding the earliest changes in pelvic trabecular architecture and provides a baseline insight into future ontogenetic development and bipedal capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Cunningham
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK.
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139
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Winkelmann CT, Wise LD. High-throughput micro-computed tomography imaging as a method to evaluate rat and rabbit fetal skeletal abnormalities for developmental toxicity studies. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2009; 59:156-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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140
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Chugh BP, Lerch JP, Yu LX, Pienkowski M, Harrison RV, Henkelman RM, Sled JG. Measurement of cerebral blood volume in mouse brain regions using micro-computed tomography. Neuroimage 2009; 47:1312-8. [PMID: 19362597 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is an X-ray imaging technique that can produce detailed 3D images of cerebral vasculature. This paper describes the development of a novel method for using micro-CT to measure cerebral blood volume (CBV) in the mouse brain. As an application of the methodology, we test the hypotheses that differences in CBV exist over anatomical brain regions and that high energy demanding primary sensory regions of the cortex have locally elevated CBV, which may reflect a vascular specialization. CBV was measured as the percentage of tissue space occupied by a radio-opaque silicon rubber that fills the vasculature. To ensure accuracy of the CBV measurements, several innovative refinements were made to standard micro-CT specimen preparation and analysis procedures. Key features of the described method are vascular perfusion under controlled pressure, registration of the micro-CT images to an MRI anatomical brain atlas and re-scaling of micro-CT intensities to CBV units with selectable exclusion of major vessels. Histological validation of the vascular perfusion showed that the average percentage of vessels filled was 93+/-3%. Comparison of thirteen brain regions in nine mice revealed significant differences in CBV between regions (p<0.0001) while cortical maps showed that primary visual and auditory areas have higher CBV than primary somatosensory areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brige P Chugh
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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141
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Stiller M, Rack A, Zabler S, Goebbels J, Dalügge O, Jonscher S, Knabe C. Quantification of bone tissue regeneration employing beta-tricalcium phosphate by three-dimensional non-invasive synchrotron micro-tomography--a comparative examination with histomorphometry. Bone 2009; 44:619-28. [PMID: 19101662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This methodical study presents a novel approach to evaluate the validity of two-dimensional histomorphometric measurements of a bone biopsy specimen after sinus floor elevation by means of high contrast, high resolution, three-dimensional and non-destructive synchrotron micro-tomography (SCT). The aim of this methodical description is to demonstrate the potential of this new approach for the evaluation of bone biopsy samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unilateral sinus grafting was carried out exemplarily in two patients using a combination of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and autogenous bone chips. For the first patient a beta-TCP with 35% porosity and in the second with 60% porosity was used. At implant placement, 6 months after sinus grafting, a cylindrical specimen was biopsied from the augmented area. Subsequent to the histological embedding in resin the specimens were imaged using a SCT facility resulting in three-dimensional (3-D) images with approximately 4 microm spatial resolution (1.5 microm pixel size) for each patient's specimen. Subsequent to the SCT acquisition, tissue sections were prepared for histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS Bone area fractions determined by two-dimensional (2-D) quantitative histomorphometry and by analysis of the corresponding 2-D slice from the SCT volume data were similar. For the first biopsy specimen (beta-TCP with 35% porosity), the bone area fractions were 53.3% and 54.9% as derived by histomorphometry and by analyzing a SCT slice, respectively. For the second biopsy specimen (beta-TCP with 60% porosity) the bone area fractions were 38.8% and 39% respectively. Although the agreement between the 2-D methods was excellent, the area fractions were somewhat higher than the volume fractions computed by 3-D image analysis on the entire SCT volume data set. The volume fractions were 48.8% (first biopsy specimen) and 36.3% (second biopsy specimen). CONCLUSION Although the agreement between the 2-D methods is excellent in terms of computing the area fractions, the structural 3-D insight which can be derived from classical 2-D methods, including histomorphometric analysis is considerably limited. This fact is emphasized by the discrepancy between the measured areas and volume fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stiller
- Department of Maxillofacial and Facial-Plastic Surgery, Division of Oral Medicine, Radiology and Surgery, Charite-University Medical Center Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Assmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany.
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142
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Cao G, Lee YZ, Peng R, Liu Z, Rajaram R, Calderon-Colon X, An L, Wang P, Phan T, Sultana S, Lalush DS, Lu JP, Zhou O. A dynamic micro-CT scanner based on a carbon nanotube field emission x-ray source. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:2323-40. [PMID: 19321922 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/8/005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Current commercial micro-CT scanners have the capability of imaging objects ex vivo with high spatial resolution, but performing in vivo micro-CT on free-breathing small animals is still challenging because their physiological motions are non-periodic and much faster than those of humans. In this paper, we present a prototype physiologically gated micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanner based on a carbon nanotube field emission micro-focus x-ray source. The novel x-ray source allows x-ray pulses and imaging sequences to be readily synchronized and gated to non-periodic physiological signals from small animals. The system performance is evaluated using phantoms and sacrificed and anesthetized mice. Prospective respiratory-gated micro-CT images of anesthetized free-breathing mice were collected using this scanner at 50 ms temporal resolution and 6.2 lp mm(-1) at 10% system MTF. The high spatial and temporal resolutions of the micro-CT scanner make it well suited for high-resolution imaging of free-breathing small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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143
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Chalal M, Ehrburger-Dolle F, Morfin I, Vial JC, Aguilar de Armas MR, San Roman J, Bölgen N, Pişkin E, Ziane O, Casalegno R. Imaging the Structure of Macroporous Hydrogels by Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802820w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohand Chalal
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, UMR 5588, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France, Laboratoire d’Electronique Quantique, Faculté de Physique, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, USTHB Alger, El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar,16111 Alger, Algérie, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC and CIBER-BBN, C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division, Hacettepe University,
| | - Françoise Ehrburger-Dolle
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, UMR 5588, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France, Laboratoire d’Electronique Quantique, Faculté de Physique, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, USTHB Alger, El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar,16111 Alger, Algérie, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC and CIBER-BBN, C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division, Hacettepe University,
| | - Isabelle Morfin
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, UMR 5588, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France, Laboratoire d’Electronique Quantique, Faculté de Physique, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, USTHB Alger, El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar,16111 Alger, Algérie, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC and CIBER-BBN, C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division, Hacettepe University,
| | - Jean-Claude Vial
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, UMR 5588, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France, Laboratoire d’Electronique Quantique, Faculté de Physique, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, USTHB Alger, El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar,16111 Alger, Algérie, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC and CIBER-BBN, C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division, Hacettepe University,
| | - Maria-Rosa Aguilar de Armas
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, UMR 5588, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France, Laboratoire d’Electronique Quantique, Faculté de Physique, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, USTHB Alger, El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar,16111 Alger, Algérie, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC and CIBER-BBN, C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division, Hacettepe University,
| | - Julio San Roman
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, UMR 5588, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France, Laboratoire d’Electronique Quantique, Faculté de Physique, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, USTHB Alger, El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar,16111 Alger, Algérie, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC and CIBER-BBN, C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division, Hacettepe University,
| | - Nimet Bölgen
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, UMR 5588, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France, Laboratoire d’Electronique Quantique, Faculté de Physique, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, USTHB Alger, El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar,16111 Alger, Algérie, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC and CIBER-BBN, C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division, Hacettepe University,
| | - Erhan Pişkin
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, UMR 5588, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France, Laboratoire d’Electronique Quantique, Faculté de Physique, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, USTHB Alger, El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar,16111 Alger, Algérie, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC and CIBER-BBN, C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division, Hacettepe University,
| | - Omar Ziane
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, UMR 5588, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France, Laboratoire d’Electronique Quantique, Faculté de Physique, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, USTHB Alger, El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar,16111 Alger, Algérie, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC and CIBER-BBN, C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division, Hacettepe University,
| | - Roger Casalegno
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, UMR 5588, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France, Laboratoire d’Electronique Quantique, Faculté de Physique, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, USTHB Alger, El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar,16111 Alger, Algérie, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC and CIBER-BBN, C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division, Hacettepe University,
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Slater BJ, Liu KJ, Kwan MD, Quarto N, Longaker MT. Cranial osteogenesis and suture morphology in Xenopus laevis: a unique model system for studying craniofacial development. PLoS One 2009; 4:e3914. [PMID: 19156194 PMCID: PMC2615207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tremendous diversity in vertebrate skull formation illustrates the range of forms and functions generated by varying genetic programs. Understanding the molecular basis for this variety may provide us with insights into mechanisms underlying human craniofacial anomalies. In this study, we provide evidence that the anuran Xenopus laevis can be developed as a simplified model system for the study of cranial ossification and suture patterning. The head structures of Xenopus undergo dramatic remodelling during metamorphosis; as a result, tadpole morphology differs greatly from the adult bony skull. Because of the extended larval period in Xenopus, the molecular basis of these alterations has not been well studied. Methodology/Principal Findings We examined late larval, metamorphosing, and post-metamorphosis froglet stages in intact and sectioned animals. Using micro-computed tomography (μCT) and tissue staining of the frontoparietal bone and surrounding cartilage, we observed that bone formation initiates from lateral ossification centers, proceeding from posterior-to-anterior. Histological analyses revealed midline abutting and posterior overlapping sutures. To determine the mechanisms underlying the large-scale cranial changes, we examined proliferation, apoptosis, and proteinase activity during remodelling of the skull roof. We found that tissue turnover during metamorphosis could be accounted for by abundant matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, at least in part by MMP-1 and -13. Conclusion A better understanding of the dramatic transformation from cartilaginous head structures to bony skull during Xenopus metamorphosis may provide insights into tissue remodelling and regeneration in other systems. Our studies provide some new molecular insights into this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany J. Slater
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Karen J. Liu
- Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (KJL); (MTL)
| | - Matthew D. Kwan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Natalina Quarto
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Naples Federico II Complesso M. S. Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KJL); (MTL)
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145
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Lee JA, Jin GY, Bok SM, Han YM, Park SJ, Lee YC, Chung MJ, Youn GH. Utility of Micro CT in a Murine Model of Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.4046/trd.2009.67.5.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae A Lee
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Gong Yong Jin
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Se Mi Bok
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Young Min Han
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seoung Ju Park
- Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Lee
- Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Myung Ja Chung
- Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Gun Ha Youn
- Department of Radiology, Iksan Hospital, Iksan, Korea
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Oest ME, Jones JC, Hatfield C, Prater MR. Micro-CT evaluation of murine fetal skeletal development yields greater morphometric precision over traditional clear-staining methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 83:582-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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147
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van Lenthe GH, Müller R. CT-based visualization and quantification of bone microstructure in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1138/20080348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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148
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Rapid 3-dimensional imaging of embryonic craniofacial morphology using microscopic computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2008; 32:816-21. [PMID: 18830118 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0b013e318157c5e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microscopic computed tomography (microCT) has been recently applied to morphological evaluation of mouse embryos with or without congenital malformations, and 3-dimensional (3D) digital images of the whole embryo can be obtained. In the present study, the authors report a modified, rapid technique of 3D embryonic microCT without processing with osmium tetroxide. METHODS Normal embryonic days 10.5 to 11 mouse embryos, as well as those with craniofacial anomalies treated with teratogens, were examined. After fixation, we processed the embryo samples with hexamethyldisilazane, instead of highly toxic osmium tetroxide in the original method. RESULTS Our protocol enabled clear 3D craniofacial imaging of the normal and anomalous mouse embryos within a short period of 20 minutes or 1 hour. In addition, some anatomical landmarks were clearly detected in the reconstituted craniofacial section images. CONCLUSION Our present data suggest a possible role of microCT for high-throughput morphological screening of the mouse embryos with craniofacial anomalies.
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The Influence of Center of Rotation on the Assessment of Trabecular Bone Densitometric and Structural Properties. Ann Biomed Eng 2008; 36:1934-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-008-9576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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150
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Keyriläinen J, Fernández M, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Virkkunen P, Leidenius M, von Smitten K, Sipilä P, Fiedler S, Suhonen H, Suortti P, Bravin A. Toward High-Contrast Breast CT at Low Radiation Dose. Radiology 2008; 249:321-7. [PMID: 18796684 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2491072129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jani Keyriläinen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Central Hospital, Savitehtaankatu 1, FIN-20521 Turku, Finland.
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