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Wang SQ, Cui SX, Qu XJ. Metformin inhibited colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) through protecting mitochondrial structures of colorectal epithelial cells in mice. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:338-348. [PMID: 30359174 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1529108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a mountain of papers have showed that metformin plays a role in inhibiting cancers, but the mechanism underpinning this has not yet fully elucidated. Herein, we used AOM/DSS model, the clinicopathological features are similar to those found in humans, to investigate the effects of metformin as well as combination with 5-FU in the prevention of colitis and colitis associated cancer (CAC). Oral metformin significantly inhibited DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and AOM/DSS-induced CAC. Metformin also ameliorated 5-FU-induced colorectal gastrointestinal symptoms in mice. Metformin combination with 5-FU strongly inhibited colorectal cancer. Metformin reduced levels of the NFκB signaling components p-IKKα/β, p-NFκB, p-IκBα in colorectal mucosal cells. Transmission electron microscopy analysis suggested that the inhibition of metformin on colitis and CAC might associate with its biological activity of protecting mitochondrial structures of colorectal epithelial cells. Further analysis by Mito Tracker Red staining assay indicated that metformin prevented H2O2-induced mitochondrial fission correlated with a decrease of mitochondrial perimeter. In addition, metformin increased the level of NDUFA9, a Q-module subunit required for complex I assembly, in colorectal epithelial cells. These observations of metformin in the inhibition of colitis and CAC might associate with its activity of activating the LKB1/AMPK pathway in colorectal epithelial cells. In conclusion, metformin inhibited colitis and CAC through protecting the mitochondrial structures of colorectal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qing Wang
- a Department of Pharmacology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Shu-Xiang Cui
- b Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xian-Jun Qu
- a Department of Pharmacology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
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102
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Ajayi BO, Adedara IA, Farombi EO. Protective mechanisms of 6-gingerol in dextran sulfate sodium-induced chronic ulcerative colitis in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37:1054-1068. [PMID: 29350052 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117751235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and remitting inflammatory disease of the colon, with an increasing incidence worldwide. 6-Gingerol (6G) is a bioactive constituent of Zingiber officinale, which has been reported to possess various biological activities. This study was designed to evaluate the role of 6G in chronic UC. Chronic UC was induced in mice by three cycles of 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water. Each cycle consisted of 7 days of 2.5% DSS followed by 14 days of normal drinking water. 6G (100 mg/kg) and a reference anti-colitis drug sulfasalazine (SZ) (100 mg/kg) were orally administered daily to the mice throughout exposure to three cycles of 2.5% DSS. Administration of 6G and SZ significantly prevented disease activity index and aberrant crypt foci formation in DSS-treated mice. Furthermore, 6G and SZ suppresses immunoexpression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, Regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the DSS-treated mice. 6G effectively protected against colonic oxidative damage by augmenting the antioxidant status with marked decrease in lipid peroxidation levels in DSS-treated mice. Moreover, 6G significantly inhibited nuclear factor kappa B (P65), p38, cyclooxygenase-2, and β-catenin whereas it enhanced IL-10 and adenomatous polyposis coli expression in DSS-treated mice. In conclusion, 6G prevented DSS-induced chronic UC via anti-inflammatory and antioxidative mechanisms and preservation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Ajayi
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism & Toxicology Research Laboratories, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - I A Adedara
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism & Toxicology Research Laboratories, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - E O Farombi
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism & Toxicology Research Laboratories, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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103
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Dassi M, Souto NS, Braga ACM, Freitas ML, Vasconcelos C, Oliveira MS, Furian AF. Effects of repeated fumonisin B 1 exposure on markers of oxidative stress in liver, kidneys, and lungs of C57BL/6 mice. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:840-845. [PMID: 30265183 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1505258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fu monisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin commonly found in maize and maize-based products. Ingestion of FB1-contaminated causes a myriad of dose- and species-dependent toxic effects to human and animal health. In the present study we evaluated the effects of FB1 (8 mg/kg, i.p. for 4 days) on body weight and oxidative stress parameters in the liver, kidney and lung of C57BL/6 male mice. No changes in the organ-to-body weight ratio, organ-to-adrenal gland weight ratio or organ-to-brain weight ratio were found. On the other hand, FB1 exposure increased NPSH levels in liver and lungs whereas decreased FRAP content in liver and kidneys. Levels of TBARS, ascorbic acid and NOx content were not altered by FB1. In summary, four days of FB1 exposure are sufficient to disrupt antioxidant defenses in liver, kidneys and lungs of C57BL/6 male mice without concomitant changes in organs weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheli Dassi
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brasil
| | - Naiéli S Souto
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brasil
| | - Ana C M Braga
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brasil
| | - Mayara L Freitas
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brasil
| | - Clarissa Vasconcelos
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brasil
| | - Mauro S Oliveira
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brasil
| | - Ana F Furian
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brasil
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brasil
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104
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El-Tokhy AK, Zin EDDH, Foda AAM, Moussa GI, Abo ENSEDAEF. The interplay between paraoxonase-1 and epigenetic changes in colorectal carcinoma. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY RESEARCH 2018; 12:63-72. [DOI: 10.5897/ajbr2018.0990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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105
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Lomonaco T, Romani A, Ghimenti S, Biagini D, Bellagambi FG, Onor M, Salvo P, Fuoco R, Di Francesco F. Determination of carbonyl compounds in exhaled breath by on-sorbent derivatization coupled with thermal desorption and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Breath Res 2018; 12:046004. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aad202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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106
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Huang C, Cao Z, Ma J, Shen Y, Bu Y, Khoshaba R, Shi G, Huang D, Liao DF, Ji H, Jin J, Cao D. AKR1B10 activates diacylglycerol (DAG) second messenger in breast cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1300-1310. [PMID: 29846015 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) is upregulated in breast cancer and promotes tumor growth and metastasis. However, little is known of the molecular mechanisms of action. Herein we report that AKR1B10 activates lipid second messengers to stimulate cell proliferation. Our data showed that ectopic expression of AKR1B10 in breast cancer cells MCF-7 promoted lipogenesis and enhanced levels of lipid second messengers, including phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2), diacylglycerol (DAG), and inositol triphosphate (IP3). In contrast, silencing of AKR1B10 in breast cancer cells BT-20 and colon cancer cells HCT-8 led to decrease of these lipid messengers. Qualitative analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrum (LC-MS) revealed that AKR1B10 regulated the cellular levels of total DAG and majority of subspecies. This in turn modulated the phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms PKCδ (Thr505), PKCµ (Ser744/748), and PKCα/βII (Thr638/641) and activity of the PKC-mediated c-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade. A pan inhibitor of PKC (Go6983) blocked ERK1/2 activation by AKR1B10. In these cells, phospho-p90RSK, phospho-MSK, and Cyclin D1 expression was increased by AKR1B10, and pharmacological inhibition of the ERK signaling cascade with MEK1/2 inhibitors U0126 and PD98059 eradicated induction of phospho-p90RSK, phospho-MSK, and Cyclin D1. In breast cancer cells, AKR1B10 promoted the clonogenic growth and proliferation of breast cancer cells in two-dimension (2D) and three-dimension (3D) cultures and tumor growth in immunodeficient female nude mice through activation of the PKC/ERK pathway. These data suggest that AKR1B10 stimulates breast cancer cell growth and proliferation through activation of DAG-mediated PKC/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Yiwen Bu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Ramina Khoshaba
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Guiyuan Shi
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haitao Ji
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, and Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Junfei Jin
- China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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107
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Sabzevary-Ghahfarokhi M, Shohan M, Shirzad H, Rahimian G, Bagheri N, Soltani A, Deris F, Ghatreh-Samani M, Razmara E. The expression analysis of Fra-1 gene and IL-11 protein in Iranian patients with ulcerative colitis. BMC Immunol 2018; 19:17. [PMID: 29914371 PMCID: PMC6006762 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-018-0257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fra-1 (fosl1) belongs to the activator protein1 (AP-1) family inducing IL-11 expression in oxidative stress condition. IL-11 plays a pivotal role in protecting epithelial barriers integrity. In this study, we investigated the Fra-1 gene expression in the inflamed mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) as well as its relation to IL-11 expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 20 patients and 20 healthy controls with definite UC based on the clinical criteria. Fra-1 gene expression in inflamed and non-inflamed colonic biopsies was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The IL-11 protein concentration was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Pearson correlation was applied to calculate the relation between Fra-1 and IL-11. RESULTS An increased level of Fra-1 gene expression was observed in patients with mild ulcerative colitis. The protein concentration of IL-11 was also increased in mild UC patients. Conversely, a significant decrease of IL-11 protein level was detected in severe UC patients compared to control group. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress in inflamed intestinal biopsies can induce fra-1 gene expression. Our findings suggest that Fra-1 transcription factor leads to the production of IL-11 protein in UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Sabzevary-Ghahfarokhi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shohan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Ghorbanali Rahimian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amin Soltani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Deris
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghatreh-Samani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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108
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Ko JH, Sethi G, Um JY, Shanmugam MK, Arfuso F, Kumar AP, Bishayee A, Ahn KS. The Role of Resveratrol in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122589. [PMID: 29194365 PMCID: PMC5751192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural product compounds have recently attracted significant attention from the scientific community for their potent effects against inflammation-driven diseases, including cancer. A significant amount of research, including preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies, has indicated that dietary consumption of polyphenols, found at high levels in cereals, pulses, vegetables, and fruits, may prevent the evolution of an array of diseases, including cancer. Cancer development is a carefully orchestrated progression where normal cells acquires mutations in their genetic makeup, which cause the cells to continuously grow, colonize, and metastasize to other organs such as the liver, lungs, colon, and brain. Compounds that modulate these oncogenic processes can be considered as potential anti-cancer agents that may ultimately make it to clinical application. Resveratrol, a natural stilbene and a non-flavonoid polyphenol, is a phytoestrogen that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. It has been reported that resveratrol can reverse multidrug resistance in cancer cells, and, when used in combination with clinically used drugs, it can sensitize cancer cells to standard chemotherapeutic agents. Several novel analogs of resveratrol have been developed with improved anti-cancer activity, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profile. The current focus of this review is resveratrol’s in vivo and in vitro effects in a variety of cancers, and intracellular molecular targets modulated by this polyphenol. This is also accompanied by a comprehensive update of the various clinical trials that have demonstrated it to be a promising therapeutic and chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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109
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de Santana Souza MT, Teixeira DF, de Oliveira JP, Oliveira AS, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Correa CB, Camargo EA. Protective effect of carvacrol on acetic acid-induced colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:313-319. [PMID: 29017143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases continues to be problematic, and requires new alternative options. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that carvacrol (CAR), a phenolic monoterpene with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, can treat experimental colitis in mice. C57BL/6 mice (n=8/group) were subjected to intrarectal administration of acetic acid (5%) to induce colitis. Mice were pretreated with CAR (25, 50 or 100mg/kg, p.o.) every 12h for three days prior to the induction. Abdominal hyperalgesia, macroscopic and microscopic colon damage, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated. Pretreatment with all doses of CAR significantly decreased abdominal hyperalgesia and colon MPO activity and TNF-α and IL-1β levels. A reduction in macroscopic and microscopic damage (p<0.05) was observed at doses of 50 and 100mg/kg CAR. Pretreatment with CAR significantly reduced lipid peroxidation (for all doses) and increased sulfhydryl groups (at 100mg/kg). This effect was accompanied by a significant increase in catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. These findings indicate that CAR protected mice from acetic acid-induced colitis by reducing inflammatory, nociceptive, and oxidative damages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daiane Franco Teixeira
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Alan Santos Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Bani Correa
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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110
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Cromolyn chitosan nanoparticles as a novel protective approach for colorectal cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 275:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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111
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Hypotheses on the Potential of Rice Bran Intake to Prevent Gastrointestinal Cancer through the Modulation of Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071352. [PMID: 28672811 PMCID: PMC5535845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested the potential involvement of oxidative stress in gastrointestinal cancers. In light of this, research efforts have been focused on the potential of dietary antioxidant intake to prevent gastrointestinal cancer through the modulation of oxidative stress. Rice bran, a by-product of rice milling, has been shown to contain an abundance of phytochemicals, which are dietary antioxidants. To date, a number of studies have shown the antioxidative effect of rice bran intake, and some demonstrated that such an effect may contribute to gastrointestinal cancer prevention, largely through the antioxidative properties of rice bran phytochemicals. In addition, these phytochemicals were shown to provide protection against cancer through mechanisms linked to oxidative stress, including β-catenin-mediated cell proliferation and inflammation. The present article provides an overview of current evidence for the antioxidative properties of rice bran and its phytochemicals, and for the potential of such properties in cancer prevention through the oxidative-stress-linked mechanisms mentioned above. The article also highlights the need for an evaluation of the effectiveness of rice bran dietary interventions among cancer survivors in ameliorating oxidative stress and reducing the level of gastrointestinal cancer biomarkers, thereby establishing the potential of such interventions among these individuals in the prevention of cancer recurrence.
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112
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Xu J, Shao X, Li Y, Wei Y, Xu F, Wang H. Metabolomic Analysis and Mode of Action of Metabolites of Tea Tree Oil Involved in the Suppression of Botrytis cinerea. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1017. [PMID: 28634477 PMCID: PMC5459894 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea tree oil (TTO), a volatile essential oil, has been widely used as an antimicrobial agent. However, the mechanism underlying TTO antifungal activity is not fully understood. In this study, a comprehensive metabolomics survey was undertaken to identify changes in metabolite production in Botrytis cinerea cells treated with TTO. Significant differences in 91 metabolites were observed, including 8 upregulated and 83 downregulated metabolites in TTO-treated cells. The results indicate that TTO inhibits primary metabolic pathways through the suppression of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Further experiments show that TTO treatment decreases the activities of key enzymes in the TCA cycle and increases the level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Membrane damage is also induced by TTO treatment. We hypothesize that the effect of TTO on B. cinerea is achieved mainly by disruption of the TCA cycle and fatty acid metabolism, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo UniversityNingbo, China
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113
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Zheng J, Zhao M, Li J, Lou G, Yuan Y, Bu S, Xi Y. Obesity-associated digestive cancers: A review of mechanisms and interventions. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695020. [PMID: 28351315 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has steadily increased over the past few decades. Previous studies suggest that obesity is an oncogenic factor and that over 20% of all cancers are obesity-related. Among such cancers, digestive system malignancies (including esophageal adenocarcinomas, colorectal cancers, and cancers of the gastric cardia, liver, and pancreas) are reported most frequently. While the 5-year survival rates of cancers of the breast and prostate are 90%, that rate is only 45% for digestive cancers. In this review, the mechanisms of obesity-associated digestive cancers are discussed, with an emphasis on obesity-related gene mutations, insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways, chronic inflammation, and altered adipokine levels. Evidence that these factors often function interdependently rather than independently in carcinogenesis is presented. Recommended interventions that may reduce the burden of obesity-associated digestive cancers, such as participation in physical activity, diet modulation, and calorie restriction, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Zheng
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guoying Lou
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanyan Yuan
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shizhong Bu
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Shalkami AS, Hassan MIA, Bakr AG. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activity of diosmin in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:78-86. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327117694075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AS Shalkami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - MIA Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - AG Bakr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
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115
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Kangawa Y, Yoshida T, Maruyama K, Okamoto M, Kihara T, Nakamura M, Ochiai M, Hippo Y, Hayashi SM, Shibutani M. Cilostazol and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin attenuate experimental colitis and colon cancer in mice by inhibiting cell proliferation and inflammation. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 100:103-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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116
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The effect of classical swine fever virus NS5A and NS5A mutants on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in swine testicular cells. Res Vet Sci 2017; 112:89-96. [PMID: 28142057 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infection with classical swine fever virus (CSFV) results in highly significant economic losses; this infection is characterized by being highly contagious and accompanied by hyperthermia and systemic bleeding. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical role in the pathological process of viral infection. The function of the nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) in the pathogenesis of CSFV has not been completely understood. Here, OS and the inflammatory response were studied with NS5A and substitution mutants in swine testicular (ST) cells. ST cell lines stably expressing CSFV NS5A or substitution mutants were established. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant protein expression and inflammatory response were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), ELISA and flow cytometry analysis. The results showed that CSFV NS5A did not increase ROS production or the antioxidant protein (Trx, HO-1 and PRDX-6) expression in ST cells. However, NS5A inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, a pro-inflammatory protein related to OS. Further studies have shown that NS5A mutants S15A and S92A increased ROS production and inhibited antioxidant protein expression. S15A, S81A and T274A affected the inflammatory response. This study suggested that CSFV NS5A did not induce OS, and amino acids Ser15 and Ser92 of CSFV NS5A were essential for inhibiting OS. Additionally, Ser15, Ser81 and Thr274 played important roles in the inflammatory response in ST cells. These observations provided insight into the function of CSFV NS5A and the mechanism of CSFV persistent infection in ST cells.
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117
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Khalaf HA, Ghoneim FM, Arafat EA, Mahmoud EHM. Histological effect of nicotine on adrenal zona fasciculata and the effect of grape seed extract with or without withdrawal of nicotine. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2016; 5:123-131. [PMID: 30023246 PMCID: PMC6025719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is harmful to the health of both smokers and nonsmokers. It is a major cause of death. This study aimed to investigate the structural changes in the zona fasciculata of albino rats caused by nicotine and the protective effect of grape seeds with or without the stoppage of nicotine administration. Thirty-five adult male rats were used and equally divided into five groups: negative and positive control groups (Groups I and II), nicotine-treated group (Group III), nicotine- and grape seed extract-treated group (Group IV), and nicotine withdrawal and grape seed extract-treated group (Group V). Adrenal glands were dissected and prepared for histological studies. The majority of zona fasciculata cells of Group III showed striking changes in terms of swelling of the cells with marked cytoplasmic vacuolation, many pyknotic nuclei, and increased immunoexpression to caspase 3 antibodies. By electron microscopy, a marked increase in lipid deposition with its appearance in the capillary between zona fasciculata cells was noticed. Heterochromatic nuclei and dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum were noted. Degenerated mitochondria and some mitochondria that had cavitation with a progressive loss of their cristae were seen. The zona fasciculata cells of Group IV were partially improved, while in Group V, those cells showed complete improvement. We can conclude that nicotine causes severe histological changes in zona fasciculata cells. Grape seed extract can partially ameliorate these changes, and complete recovery is achieved with grape seed extract after the stoppage of nicotine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Attia Khalaf
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Ghoneim
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Eetmad A Arafat
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.,Department of Anatomy, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
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Phenolic Melatonin-Related Compounds: Their Role as Chemical Protectors against Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111442. [PMID: 27801875 PMCID: PMC6274579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no doubt about the serious threat that oxidative stress (OS) poses to human health. Therefore, a crucial strategy to maintain a good health status is to identify molecules capable of offering protection against OS through chemical routes. Based on the known efficiency of the phenolic and melatonin (MLT) families of compounds as antioxidants, it is logical to assume that phenolic MLT-related compounds should be (at least) equally efficient. Unfortunately, they have been less investigated than phenols, MLT and its non-phenolic metabolites in this context. The evidence reviewed here strongly suggests that MLT phenolic derivatives can act as both primary and secondary antioxidants, exerting their protection through diverse chemical routes. They all seem to be better free radical scavengers than MLT and Trolox, while some of them also surpass ascorbic acid and resveratrol. However, there are still many aspects that deserve further investigations for this kind of compounds.
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119
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Mammalian Metallothionein-2A and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091483. [PMID: 27608012 PMCID: PMC5037761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian metallothionein-2A (MT2A) has received considerable attention in recent years due to its crucial pathophysiological role in anti-oxidant, anti-apoptosis, detoxification and anti-inflammation. For many years, most studies evaluating the effects of MT2A have focused on reactive oxygen species (ROS), as second messengers that lead to oxidative stress injury of cells and tissues. Recent studies have highlighted that oxidative stress could activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and MT2A, as a mediator of MAPKs, to regulate the pathogenesis of various diseases. However, the molecule mechanism of MT2A remains elusive. A deeper understanding of the functional, biochemical and molecular characteristics of MT2A would be identified, in order to bring new opportunities for oxidative stress therapy.
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