101
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Mao Y, Xu L, Wang J, Zhang L, Hou N, Xu J, Wang L, Yang S, Chen Y, Xiong L, Zhu J, Fan W, Xu J. ROR1 associates unfavorable prognosis and promotes lymphoma growth in DLBCL by affecting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Biofactors 2019; 45:416-426. [PMID: 30801854 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The receptor-tyrosine-kinase (RTK)-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein regarded as a tumor-associated antigen. ROR1 plays an important role in cancer development, but the detailed function of ROR1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unclear. In this study, we first detected ROR1 expression and evaluated the relationship between ROR1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of DLBCL patients. Next we employed shRNA-mediated knockdown of ROR1 in DLBCL cell line to explore the characteristics of ROR1 in DLBCL development both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed a significantly higher level of ROR1 in DLBCL tissues than in lymphatic hyperplasia tissues. High ROR1 expression was correlated with unfavorable prognosis in DLBCL patients. Furthermore, ROR1 knockdown inhibited the growth and induced the apoptosis in DLBCL cells and xenografts. In addition, shROR1 inhibited activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that ROR1 is a novel prognostic marker for DLBCL survival and ROR1 significantly promotes DLBCL tumorigenesis by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Targeting ROR1 may provide a promising strategy for DLBCL treatment. © 2019 BioFactors, 45(3):416-426, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Mao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Louqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Hou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juqing Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Weifei Fan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaren Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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102
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Srivastava S, Salter AI, Liggitt D, Yechan-Gunja S, Sarvothama M, Cooper K, Smythe KS, Dudakov JA, Pierce RH, Rader C, Riddell SR. Logic-Gated ROR1 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Expression Rescues T Cell-Mediated Toxicity to Normal Tissues and Enables Selective Tumor Targeting. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:489-503.e8. [PMID: 30889382 PMCID: PMC6450658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Many potential targets for CAR-T cells in solid tumors are expressed in some normal tissues, raising concern for off-tumor toxicity. Following lymphodepletion, CAR-T cells targeting the tumor-associated antigen ROR1 lysed tumors in mice but induced lethal bone marrow failure due to recognition of ROR1+ stromal cells. To improve selectivity, we engineered T cells with synthetic Notch (synNotch) receptors specific for EpCAM or B7-H3, which are expressed on ROR1+ tumor cells but not ROR1+ stromal cells. SynNotch receptors induced ROR1 CAR expression selectively within the tumor, resulting in tumor regression without toxicity when tumor cells were segregated from, but not when co-localized with, normal ROR1+ cells. This strategy, thus, permits safe targeting of tumors that are sufficiently separated from normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Srivastava
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
| | - Alexander I Salter
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Denny Liggitt
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sushma Yechan-Gunja
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Megha Sarvothama
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Kirsten Cooper
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Kimberly S Smythe
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Jarrod A Dudakov
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Robert H Pierce
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Stanley R Riddell
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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103
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Cetin M, Odabas G, Douglas LR, Duriez PJ, Balcik-Ercin P, Yalim-Camci I, Sayan AE, Yagci T. ROR1 Expression and Its Functional Significance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030210. [PMID: 30832318 PMCID: PMC6468649 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and deadly cancer; however, very little improvement has been made towards its diagnosis and prognosis. The expression and functional contribution of the receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 have not been investigated in HCC before. Hence, we investigated the expression of ROR1 in HCC cells and assessed its involvement in hepatocarcinogenesis. Methods: Recombinant bacterial ROR1 protein was used as an immunogen to generate ROR1 monoclonal antibodies. ROR1 transcript levels were detected by RT-qPCR and the protein expression of ROR1 in HCC was assessed by Western blotting by using homemade anti-ROR1 monoclonal antibodies. Apoptosis, cell cycle, trans-well migration, and drug efflux assays were performed in shRNA-ROR1 HCC cell clones to uncover the functional contribution of ROR1 to hepatocarcinogenesis. Results: New ROR1 antibodies specifically detected endogenous ROR1 protein in human and mouse HCC cell lines. ROR1-knockdown resulted in decreased proliferation and migration but enhanced resistance to apoptosis and anoikis. The observed chemotherapy-resistant phenotype of ROR1-knockdown cells was due to enhanced drug efflux and increased expression of multi-drug resistance genes. Conclusions: ROR1 is expressed in HCC and contributes to disease development by interfering with multiple pathways. Acquired ROR1 expression may have diagnostic and prognostic value in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Cetin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey.
| | - Gorkem Odabas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey.
| | - Leon R Douglas
- Protein Core Facility, Cancer Research UK and Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Patrick J Duriez
- Protein Core Facility, Cancer Research UK and Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Pelin Balcik-Ercin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey.
| | - Irem Yalim-Camci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey.
| | - Abdulkadir Emre Sayan
- Cancer Sciences Unit and Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Research Building, Mailpoint 824, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Tamer Yagci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey.
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104
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Du H, Hirabayashi K, Ahn S, Kren NP, Montgomery SA, Wang X, Tiruthani K, Mirlekar B, Michaud D, Greene K, Herrera SG, Xu Y, Sun C, Chen Y, Ma X, Ferrone CR, Pylayeva-Gupta Y, Yeh JJ, Liu R, Savoldo B, Ferrone S, Dotti G. Antitumor Responses in the Absence of Toxicity in Solid Tumors by Targeting B7-H3 via Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:221-237.e8. [PMID: 30753824 PMCID: PMC6645919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The high expression across multiple tumor types and restricted expression in normal tissues make B7-H3 an attractive target for immunotherapy. We generated chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting B7-H3 (B7-H3.CAR-Ts) and found that B7-H3.CAR-Ts controlled the growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, ovarian cancer and neuroblastoma in vitro and in orthotopic and metastatic xenograft mouse models, which included patient-derived xenograft. We also found that 4-1BB co-stimulation promotes lower PD-1 expression in B7-H3.CAR-Ts, and superior antitumor activity when targeting tumor cells that constitutively expressed PD-L1. We took advantage of the cross-reactivity of the B7-H3.CAR with murine B7-H3, and found that B7-H3.CAR-Ts significantly controlled tumor growth in a syngeneic tumor model without evident toxicity. These findings support the clinical development of B7-H3.CAR-Ts.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B7 Antigens/genetics
- B7 Antigens/immunology
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques
- Female
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neuroblastoma/genetics
- Neuroblastoma/immunology
- Neuroblastoma/pathology
- Neuroblastoma/therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Burden
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Du
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Koichi Hirabayashi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sarah Ahn
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nancy Porterfield Kren
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie Ann Montgomery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Karthik Tiruthani
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bhalchandra Mirlekar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Daniel Michaud
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kevin Greene
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Silvia Gabriela Herrera
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chuang Sun
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xingcong Ma
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cristina Rosa Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rihe Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Barbara Savoldo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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105
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Karvonen H, Perttilä R, Niininen W, Hautanen V, Barker H, Murumägi A, Heckman CA, Ungureanu D. Wnt5a and ROR1 activate non-canonical Wnt signaling via RhoA in TCF3-PBX1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia and highlight new treatment strategies via Bcl-2 co-targeting. Oncogene 2019; 38:3288-3300. [PMID: 30631148 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) with TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene expression has constitutively elevated levels of Wnt16b and ROR1 (receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor), a ligand and a receptor from the Wnt signaling pathway, respectively. Although survival rate is usually high after the initial chemotherapy, many TCF3-PBX1 BCP-ALL patients relapse and subsequently develop treatment resistance, resulting in poor prognosis. Here, we aimed to investigate the molecular signaling associated with Wnt16b and ROR1 overexpression in TCF3-PBX1 cell lines and primary samples, and to identify effective treatment options via ROR1 targeting. We detected higher ROR1 expression on TCF3-PBX1 leukemic cells even at a later stage of patient relapse, providing a strong rationale for the use of ROR1-targeted therapy. We found that Wnt5a-ROR1 signaling enhances proliferation of TCF3-PBX1 cells via RhoA/Rac1 GTPases activation and STAT3 upregulation. Wnt16b also activated the RhoA/Rac1 signaling cascade suggesting the activation of a non-canonical Wnt pathway in TCF3-PBX1 cells. Wnt16 could interact with ROR1 but not in TCF3-PBX1 cells, suggesting that Wnt5a is the ligand signaling via ROR1 in TCF3-PBX1 cells. By high throughput drug-sensitivity testing of TCF3-PBX1 cells before and after ROR1 knockdown we found that targeting ROR1 significantly improves the therapeutic efficacy of Bcl-2 family inhibitors venetoclax and navitoclax, and this synergism was confirmed ex vivo using a drug-resistant primary sample from a relapsed TCF3-PBX1 patient. Our work underlines a new type of targeted combination therapy that could be clinically advantageous for patients with TCF3-PBX1 BCP-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Karvonen
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Robert Perttilä
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Wilhelmiina Niininen
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Veera Hautanen
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harlan Barker
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Astrid Murumägi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline A Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniela Ungureanu
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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106
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Al-Alem LF, Pandya UM, Baker AT, Bellio C, Zarrella BD, Clark J, DiGloria CM, Rueda BR. Ovarian cancer stem cells: What progress have we made? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 107:92-103. [PMID: 30572025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the United States primarily due to lack of a reliable early diagnostic, high incidence of chemo-resistant recurrent disease as well as profuse tumor heterogeneity. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) continue to gain attention, as they are known to resist chemotherapy, self-renew and re-populate the bulk tumor with undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Moreover, CSCs appear to readily adapt to environmental, immunologic and pharmacologic cues. The plasticity and ability to inactivate or activate signaling pathways promoting their longevity has been, and continues to be, the challenge faced in developing successful CSC targeted therapies. Identifying and understanding unique ovarian CSC markers and the pathways they utilize could reveal new therapeutic opportunities that may offer alternative adjuvant treatment options. Herein, we will discuss the current state of ovarian CSC characterization, their contribution to disease resistance, recurrence and shed light on clinical trials that may target the CSC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linah F Al-Alem
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Unnati M Pandya
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Baker
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chiara Bellio
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bianca D Zarrella
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Celeste M DiGloria
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bo R Rueda
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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107
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Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:130. [PMID: 30458878 PMCID: PMC6247712 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a common type of B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder in adults, has witnessed enormous development in its treatment in recent years. New drugs such as ibrutinib, idelalisib, and venetoclax have achieved great success in treating relapsed and refractory (R/R) CLL. In addition, with the development of immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells (CAR-T) therapy, a novel adoptive immune treatment, has also become more and more important in treating R/R CLL. It combines the advantages of T cells and B cells via ex vivo gene transfer technology and is able to bind targets recognized by specific antibodies without antigen presentation, thus breaking the restriction of major histocompatibility complex. So far, there have been lots of studies exploring the application of CAR-T therapy in CLL. In this review, we describe the structure of chimeric antigen receptor, the preclinical, and clinical results of CAR-T therapy against CLL, along with its adverse events and advances in efficacy.
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108
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Xu GL, Shen J, Xu YH, Wang WS, Ni CF. ROR1 is highly expressed in circulating tumor cells and promotes invasion of pancreatic cancer. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5087-5094. [PMID: 30272313 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaC) is an aggressive malignancy, which is associated with high levels of metastasis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which may be considered a functional biomarker and promising treatment strategy for metastasis, are associated with the prognosis and progression of various metastatic cancers, including PaC. Receptor tyrosine kinase‑like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) expression contributes to cell metastasis and poor clinical outcomes in malignant tumors. The present study aimed to explore the function of ROR1 in PaC CTCs. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to examine the expression of ROR1, E‑cadherin and N‑cadherin. Cell proliferative and invasive ability was assessed by MTT and Transwell assays, respectively. The results revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of ROR1 were augmented in PaC tissues. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of ROR1 were higher in CTCs compared with in peripheral blood cells, and ROR1 was more highly expressed in CTCs than in cells. Notably, CTCs exhibited a markedly greater proliferative and invasive capacity than PANC‑1 and SW‑1990 cells, whereas knockdown of endogenous ROR1 by small interfering RNA led to suppression of the invasion of CTCs. In addition, it was revealed that the mechanism underlying the effects of ROR1 on PaC CTC metastasis may involve the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition process. In conclusion, ROR1 may be considered a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of PaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Li Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Hua Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Sheng Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Fang Ni
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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109
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Chow M, Gao L, MacManiman JD, Bicocca VT, Chang BH, Alumkal JJ, Tyner JW. Maintenance and pharmacologic targeting of ROR1 protein levels via UHRF1 in t(1;19) pre-B-ALL. Oncogene 2018; 37:5221-5232. [PMID: 29849118 PMCID: PMC6150818 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the transmembrane pseudokinase ROR1 is required for survival of t(1;19)-pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (t(1;19) pre-B-ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and many solid tumors. However, targeting ROR1 with small-molecules has been challenging due to the absence of ROR1 kinase activity. To identify genes that regulate ROR1 expression and may, therefore, serve as surrogate drug targets, we employed an siRNA screening approach and determined that the epigenetic regulator and E3 ubiquitin ligase, UHRF1, is required for t(1;19) pre-B-ALL cell viability in a ROR1-dependent manner. Upon UHRF1 silencing, ROR1 protein is reduced without altering ROR1 mRNA, and ectopically expressed UHRF1 is sufficient to increase ROR1 levels. Additionally, proteasome inhibition rescues loss of ROR1 protein after UHRF1 silencing, suggesting a role for the proteasome in the UHRF1-ROR1 axis. Finally, we show that ROR1-positive cells are twice as sensitive to the UHRF1-targeting drug, naphthazarin, and undergo increased apoptosis compared to ROR1-negative cells. Naphthazarin elicits reduced expression of UHRF1 and ROR1, and combination of naphthazarin with inhibitors of pre-B cell receptor signaling results in further reduction of cell survival compared with either inhibitor alone. Therefore, our work reveals a mechanism by which UHRF1 stabilizes ROR1, suggesting a potential targeting strategy to inhibit ROR1 in t(1;19) pre-B-ALL and other malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/genetics
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Naphthoquinones/pharmacology
- Naphthoquinones/therapeutic use
- Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors/metabolism
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilynn Chow
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Lina Gao
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Jason D MacManiman
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Vincent T Bicocca
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Bill H Chang
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology at Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Joshi J Alumkal
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA.
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA.
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110
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Srivastava S, Riddell SR. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy: Challenges to Bench-to-Bedside Efficacy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:459-468. [PMID: 29311388 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy with T cells genetically modified to express chimeric Ag receptors (CARs) that target tumor-associated molecules have impressive efficacy in hematological malignancies. The field has now embraced the challenge of applying this approach to treat common epithelial malignancies, which make up the majority of cancer cases but evade immunologic attack by a variety of subversive mechanisms. In this study, we review the principles that have guided CAR T cell design and the extraordinary clinical results being achieved in B cell malignancies targeting CD19 with a single infusion of engineered T cells. This success has raised expectations that CAR T cells can be applied to solid tumors, but numerous obstacles must be overcome to achieve the success observed in hematologic cancers. Potential solutions driven by advances in genetic engineering, synthetic biology, T cell biology, and improved tumor models that recapitulate the obstacles in human tumors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Srivastava
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Stanley R Riddell
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
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111
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Coopes A, Henry CE, Llamosas E, Ford CE. An update of Wnt signalling in endometrial cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:ERC-18-0112. [PMID: 30093601 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy in developed nations, and its prevalence is rising as women defer or decide not to have children and as obesity rises, both key risk factors. Despite this, treatment options remain limited, particularly for advanced or refractory disease. New genomic analyses have revealed distinct mutational profiles with therapeutic and prognostic potential. Wnt signalling, which is pivotal in embryogenesis, healing and homeostasis, is of importance in the endometrium and has been linked to carcinogenesis. This review aims to update and discuss the current evidence for the role of β-catenin dependent and independent Wnt signalling, including the ROR receptors in the endometrium and its potential as a therapeutic target, in light of recent trials of Wnt-targeted therapy in multiple tumour types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Coopes
- A Coopes, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Adult Cancer Program, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire E Henry
- C Henry, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Adult Cancer Program, Sydney, Australia
| | - Estelle Llamosas
- E Llamosas, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Adult Cancer Program, Sydney, Australia
| | - Caroline Elizabeth Ford
- C Ford, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Adult Cancer Program, Sydney, Australia
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112
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Townsend MH, Shrestha G, Robison RA, O’Neill KL. The expansion of targetable biomarkers for CAR T cell therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:163. [PMID: 30031396 PMCID: PMC6054736 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are an integral part of cancer management due to their use in risk assessment, screening, differential diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of response to treatment, and monitoring progress of disease. Recently, with the advent of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, a new category of targetable biomarkers has emerged. These biomarkers are associated with the surface of malignant cells and serve as targets for directing cytotoxic T cells. The first biomarker target used for CAR T cell therapy was CD19, a B cell marker expressed highly on malignant B cells. With the success of CD19, the last decade has shown an explosion of new targetable biomarkers on a range of human malignancies. These surface targets have made it possible to provide directed, specific therapy that reduces healthy tissue destruction and preserves the patient's immune system during treatment. As of May 2018, there are over 100 clinical trials underway that target over 25 different surface biomarkers in almost every human tissue. This expansion has led to not only promising results in terms of patient outcome, but has also led to an exponential growth in the investigation of new biomarkers that could potentially be utilized in CAR T cell therapy for treating patients. In this review, we discuss the biomarkers currently under investigation and point out several promising biomarkers in the preclinical stage of development that may be useful as targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H. Townsend
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 3142 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Gajendra Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 3142 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA
- Thunder Biotech, Highland, UT USA
| | - Richard A. Robison
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 3142 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Kim L. O’Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 3142 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA
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113
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Analysis of ROR1 Protein Expression in Mice with Reconstituted Human Immune System Components. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2480931. [PMID: 29850623 PMCID: PMC5932492 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2480931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is an oncofetal antigen expressed on multiple tumors and has no significant expression on normal human tissues. ROR1 is highly upregulated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells. NOD-scid IL2rg−/− (NSG) mice engrafted with human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (huNSG) achieved multilineage human immune cell reconstitution including B cells, T cells, NK cells, and DCs. Like the CLL patients, huNSG mice have abnormally high percentage of CD5-expressing B cells in the periphery. In light of this, we aim to determine whether ROR1 is expressed on huNSG B cells. Using flow cytometry analysis, we found that ROR1 was highly expressed in a proportion of bone marrow, spleen, and blood B cells, which were mostly immature B cells. Transplantation of the oncogene TCL-1-transduced CD34+ cells in neonatal NSG mice did not increase the frequency of ROR1-expressing B cells, but the mouse with the highest engraftment of transduced cells developed a tumor-like lump consisting of a high percentage of ROR1-expressing B cells. This study highlights the potential use of huNSG mice to study B cell malignant diseases and to evaluate immunotherapeutics targeting ROR1.
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114
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Daneshmanesh AH, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Ghaderi A, Moshfegh A, Hansson L, Schultz J, Vågberg J, Byström S, Olsson E, Olin T, Österborg A, Mellstedt H. A receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 inhibitor (KAN0439834) induced significant apoptosis of pancreatic cells which was enhanced by erlotinib and ibrutinib. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198038. [PMID: 29856777 PMCID: PMC5983484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a great unmet medical need in pancreatic carcinoma (PC) for novel drugs with other mechanisms of action than existing. PC cells express the onco-fetal RTK ROR1, absent on most normal post-partem cells. ROR1 is involved in proliferation, survival, EMT and metastasis of tumor cells in various malignancies. A small molecule inhibitor (KAN0439834) (530 Da) targeting the TK domain of ROR1 was developed and the activity in ROR1 expressing human PC cell lines (n = 8) evaluated. The effects were compared to a murine mAb against the external part of ROR1, gemcitabine, erlotinib and ibrutinib. KAN0439834 induced significant apoptosis of the tumor cells. EC50 values for KAN0439834 varied between 250–650 nM depending on the cell line. The corresponding values for erlotinib and ibrutinib were 10–40 folds higher. KAN0439834 was much more effective in inducing tumor cell death than the ROR1 mAb although both inhibited ROR1 phosphorylation and downstream non-canonical Wnt pathway molecules. Combination of KAN0439834 with erlotinib or ibrutinib had significant additive effects on tumor cell death. A first-in-class small molecule ROR1 inhibitor (KAN0439834) showed promising in vitro activity against a number of human PC cell lines. Interesting is the additive effects of erlotinib and ibrutinib which warrants further studies as both these agents are in clinical trials for pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Daneshmanesh
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amineh Ghaderi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Moshfegh
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lotta Hansson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Schultz
- Kancera AB, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Vågberg
- Kancera AB, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Elisabeth Olsson
- Kancera AB, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Olin
- Kancera AB, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Österborg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Mellstedt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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115
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Potent and selective antitumor activity of a T cell-engaging bispecific antibody targeting a membrane-proximal epitope of ROR1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5467-E5476. [PMID: 29844189 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719905115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (biAbs) present a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy, and numerous bispecific formats have been developed for retargeting cytolytic T cells toward tumor cells. To explore the therapeutic utility of T cell-engaging biAbs targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1, which is expressed by tumor cells of various hematologic and solid malignancies, we used a bispecific ROR1 × CD3 scFv-Fc format based on a heterodimeric and aglycosylated Fc domain designed for extended circulatory t1/2 and diminished systemic T cell activation. A diverse panel of ROR1-targeting scFv derived from immune and naïve rabbit antibody repertoires was compared in this bispecific format for target-dependent T cell recruitment and activation. An ROR1-targeting scFv with a membrane-proximal epitope, R11, revealed potent and selective antitumor activity in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo and emerged as a prime candidate for further preclinical and clinical studies. To elucidate the precise location and engagement of this membrane-proximal epitope, which is conserved between human and mouse ROR1, the 3D structure of scFv R11 in complex with the kringle domain of ROR1 was determined by X-ray crystallography at 1.6-Å resolution.
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116
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Wang X, Qiu H, Tang R, Song H, Pan H, Feng Z, Chen L. miR‑30a inhibits epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and metastasis in triple‑negative breast cancer by targeting ROR1. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:2635-2643. [PMID: 29693179 PMCID: PMC5983935 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype that lacks effective targeted therapies. In the present study, we revealed that the expression of miR-30a was significantly decreased in TNBC, and TNBC patients with low expression of miR-30a were associated with high histological grade and more lymph node metastasis. Moreover, we found that miR-30a suppressed TNBC cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as demonstrated by the overexpression of miR-30a which increased the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin but decreased the expression of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin. Furthermore, we demonstrated that overexpression of miR-30a significantly suppressed TNBC cell invasion and migration, as well as inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. More importantly, RTK-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) was predicted as the direct target of miR-30a, which was subsequently confirmed by luciferase assays. Forced expression of miR-30a in TNBC cells decreased ROR1 expression, whereas the overexpression of ROR1 reversed the suppressive effects of miR-30a in TNBC cell migration and invasion. Collectively, this study indicated that miR-30a functions as a tumor-metastasis suppressor miRNA in TNBC by directly targeting ROR1 and that miR-30a may serve as a novel therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Huisi Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511500, P.R. China
| | - Ruiming Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511500, P.R. China
| | - Huisheng Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511500, P.R. China
| | - Huilin Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511500, P.R. China
| | - Zhengfu Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511500, P.R. China
| | - Longhua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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117
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Chavez JC, Locke FL. CAR T cell therapy for B-cell lymphomas. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2018; 31:135-146. [PMID: 29909914 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHLs)is a very heterogonous malignancy with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) as the most common subtypes. Standard treatment with anti-CD20 based chemoimmunotherapy is usually very effective for disease control. However a significant proportion of patients with high-risk features (double hit lymphoma, transformed lymphomas or early relapses) will become refractory to standard therapies and will have limited alternatives for cure. Adoptive therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells is a new paradigm for effective treatment of poor prognosis lymphomas. Here we review the biology of poor risk DLBCL and FL, the rationale for CAR T-cell therapy in malignant lymphoma and the efficacy/toxicity profile of CD19 directed CAR T cell therapy for DLBCL and FL from early single center studies to multicenter/global clinical trial with different CAR T cell constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Chavez
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, USA
| | - Frederick L Locke
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, USA.
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118
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Cao J, Wang X, Dai T, Wu Y, Zhang M, Cao R, Zhang R, Wang G, Jiang R, Zhou BP, Shi J, Kang T. Twist promotes tumor metastasis in basal-like breast cancer by transcriptionally upregulating ROR1. Theranostics 2018; 8:2739-2751. [PMID: 29774072 PMCID: PMC5957006 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Twist is a key transcription factor for induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which promotes cell migration, invasion, and cancer metastasis, confers cancer cells with stem cell-like characteristics, and provides therapeutic resistance. However, the functional roles and targeted genes of Twist in EMT and cancer progression remain elusive. Methods: The potential targeted genes of Twist were identified from the global transcriptomes of T47D/Twist cells by microarray analysis. EMT phenotype was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence of marker proteins. The dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were employed to observe the direct transcriptional induction of ROR1 by Twist. A lung metastasis model was used to study the pro-metastatic role of Twist and ROR1 by injecting MDA-MB-231 cells into tail vein of nude mice. Bio-informatics analysis was utilized to measure the metastasis-free survival of breast cancer patients. Results: Twist protein was proved to directly activate the transcription of ROR1 gene, a receptor of Wnt5a in non-canonical WNT signaling pathway. Silencing of ROR1 inhibited EMT process, cell migration, invasion, and cancer metastasis of basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) cells. Knockdown of ROR1 also ameliorated the pro-metastatic effect of Twist. Furthermore, analyses of clinical specimens indicated that high expression of both ROR1 and Twist tightly correlates with poor metastasis-free survival of breast cancer patients. Conclusion: ROR1 is a targeted gene of Twist. Twist/ROR1 signaling is critical for invasion and metastasis of BLBC cells.
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119
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CAR-T Cells: Next Generation Cancer Therapeutics. J Indian Inst Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-018-0062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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120
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Milani S, Ghaemimanesh F, Salimi A, Hadavi R, Bayat AA, Alirezapour B, Rabbani H. Production and evaluation of a 67Ga-labeled anti-Ror1 monoclonal antibody in a mouse model of breast cancer. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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121
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Ovarian Cancers: Genetic Abnormalities, Tumor Heterogeneity and Progression, Clonal Evolution and Cancer Stem Cells. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5010016. [PMID: 29389895 PMCID: PMC5874581 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Four main histological subtypes of ovarian cancer exist: serous (the most frequent), endometrioid, mucinous and clear cell; in each subtype, low and high grade. The large majority of ovarian cancers are diagnosed as high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGS-OvCas). TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in HGS-OvCas; about 50% of these tumors displayed defective homologous recombination due to germline and somatic BRCA mutations, epigenetic inactivation of BRCA and abnormalities of DNA repair genes; somatic copy number alterations are frequent in these tumors and some of them are associated with prognosis; defective NOTCH, RAS/MEK, PI3K and FOXM1 pathway signaling is frequent. Other histological subtypes were characterized by a different mutational spectrum: LGS-OvCas have increased frequency of BRAF and RAS mutations; mucinous cancers have mutation in ARID1A, PIK3CA, PTEN, CTNNB1 and RAS. Intensive research was focused to characterize ovarian cancer stem cells, based on positivity for some markers, including CD133, CD44, CD117, CD24, EpCAM, LY6A, ALDH1. Ovarian cancer cells have an intrinsic plasticity, thus explaining that in a single tumor more than one cell subpopulation, may exhibit tumor-initiating capacity. The improvements in our understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of ovarian cancers should lead to more efficacious treatments.
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122
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Simon S, Charpentier M, Anegon I, Labarriere N. Immunotherapies in transplantation and cancer: 22nd NAT meeting/2nd NAT LabEx IGO joint meeting; 1-2 June 2017, Nantes, France. Immunotherapy 2018; 9:867-870. [PMID: 29338607 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This 22nd edition of the Nantes Actualités Transplantation annual meeting was co-organized for the second time with the LabEx Immuno-Graft Oncology network. This international meeting was held on 1 and 2 June 2017 in Nantes (western France). The topic of this 2-day meeting was 'Immunotherapies in transplantation and cancer'. This meeting brought together 17 international invited speakers, young researchers and 220 attendees mainly from Europe and North America. It was a unique opportunity to bring together the pioneers and leading immunologists in the fields of transplantation and cancer, focusing on shared mechanisms that control immune responses in organ or bone marrow transplantation and in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Simon
- CRCINA, Inserm UMR1232, 8 Quai Moncousu, 44007 Nantes Cedex 1, France.,LabEx IGO 'Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology', Nantes, France
| | - Maud Charpentier
- CRCINA, Inserm UMR1232, 8 Quai Moncousu, 44007 Nantes Cedex 1, France.,LabEx IGO 'Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology', Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- LabEx IGO 'Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology', Nantes, France.,Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Labarriere
- CRCINA, Inserm UMR1232, 8 Quai Moncousu, 44007 Nantes Cedex 1, France.,LabEx IGO 'Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology', Nantes, France
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123
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Karvonen H, Summala K, Niininen W, Barker HR, Ungureanu D. Interaction between ROR1 and MuSK activation complex in myogenic cells. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:434-445. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Karvonen
- BioMediTech Institute; University of Tampere; Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Finland
| | - Katja Summala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science; University of Jyväskylä; Finland
| | - Wilhelmiina Niininen
- BioMediTech Institute; University of Tampere; Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Finland
| | - Harlan R. Barker
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Finland
| | - Daniela Ungureanu
- BioMediTech Institute; University of Tampere; Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Finland
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124
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Guffroy M, Falahatpisheh H, Finkelstein M. Improving the Safety Profile of ADCs. CANCER DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78154-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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125
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Hassannia H, Amiri MM, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Hosseini-Ghatar R, Khoshnoodi J, Sharifian RA, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Shokri F. Inhibition of tumor growth by mouse ROR1 specific antibody in a syngeneic mouse tumor model. Immunol Lett 2018; 193:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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126
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Yin Z, Gao M, Chu S, Su Y, Ye C, Wang Y, Pan Z, Wang Z, Zhang H, Tong H, Zhu J. Antitumor activity of a newly developed monoclonal antibody against ROR1 in ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94210-94222. [PMID: 29212222 PMCID: PMC5706868 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-tyrosine-kinase-like Orphan Receptor 1 (ROR1) is a tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor and ROR1 overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis in various cancers, including ovarian cancer. Targeting of ROR1 has been evaluated as a novel cancer therapy strategy. This study developed a novel chimeric anti-ROR1 Fab antibody (named ROR1-cFab) and then assessed the antitumor activity of this antibody in ovarian cancer cells, an in vitro model of preclinical cancer therapy. A ROR1-cFab prokaryotic expression vector was constructed from positive fusion cells (splenocytes from mice with high ROR1 immune titers were fused with myeloma cells) after three rounds of sub-clone affinity screening. Then, a variety of assays were employed to assess the binding selectivity and specificity of ROR1-cFab to ROR1 protein. Furthermore, CCK8, flow cytometric apoptosis, wound healing, and Transwell migration assays were used to assess antitumor activity of this newly developed anti-ROR1 antibody in ovarian cancer cells. We demonstrated that ROR1-cFab could specifically bind to ROR1 protein and ROR1-positive ovarian cancer A2780 cells. Functional assays revealed that ROR1-cFab inhibited tumor cell proliferation and migration, as well as inducing apoptosis of ROR1-positive A2780 cells in a dose dependent manner. These effects were not observed in ROR1-negative lose386 cells. In conclusion, ROR1-cFab is a novel anti-ROR1 antibody with a high affinity to ROR1 protein and inhibitory effects on ROR1-positive cells. Future studies will determine whether the ROR1-cFab might be a promising candidate for treatment of ROR1-positive ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengna Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Mengyun Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Sasa Chu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yiping Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Chunping Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yiquan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Zhuanqin Pan
- Department of Nursing, Gaoyou People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225600, China
| | - Zhuming Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chinese Ministry of Health-designated Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Hua Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China
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127
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Sadelain M, Rivière I, Riddell S. Therapeutic T cell engineering. Nature 2017; 545:423-431. [PMID: 28541315 DOI: 10.1038/nature22395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered T cells are powerful new medicines, offering hope for curative responses in patients with cancer. Chimaeric antigen receptors (CARs) are a class of synthetic receptors that reprogram lymphocyte specificity and function. CARs targeting CD19 have demonstrated remarkable potency in B cell malignancies. Engineered T cells are applicable in principle to many cancers, pending further progress to identify suitable target antigens, overcome immunosuppressive tumour microenvironments, reduce toxicities, and prevent antigen escape. Advances in the selection of optimal T cells, genetic engineering, and cell manufacturing are poised to broaden T-cell-based therapies and foster new applications in infectious diseases and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Sadelain
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Isabelle Rivière
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Stanley Riddell
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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128
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Heidenreich F, Rücker-Braun E, Walz JS, Eugster A, Kühn D, Dietz S, Nelde A, Tunger A, Wehner R, Link CS, Middeke JM, Stölzel F, Tonn T, Stevanovic S, Rammensee HG, Bonifacio E, Bachmann M, Zeis M, Ehninger G, Bornhäuser M, Schetelig J, Schmitz M. Mass spectrometry-based identification of a naturally presented receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1-derived epitope recognized by CD8 + cytotoxic T cells. Haematologica 2017; 102:e460-e464. [PMID: 28838995 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.167312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Falk Heidenreich
- DKMS German Bone Marrow Donor Center, Clinical Trials Unit, Dresden, Germany .,Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Rücker-Braun
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane S Walz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne Eugster
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Denise Kühn
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Sevina Dietz
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Annika Nelde
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antje Tunger
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Rebekka Wehner
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Cornelia S Link
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan M Middeke
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Tonn
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanovic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ezio Bonifacio
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz Center Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Ehninger
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Schetelig
- DKMS German Bone Marrow Donor Center, Clinical Trials Unit, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
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129
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Peng H, Nerreter T, Chang J, Qi J, Li X, Karunadharma P, Martinez GJ, Fallahi M, Soden J, Freeth J, Beerli RR, Grawunder U, Hudecek M, Rader C. Mining Naïve Rabbit Antibody Repertoires by Phage Display for Monoclonal Antibodies of Therapeutic Utility. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2954-2973. [PMID: 28818634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their high affinities and specificities, rabbit monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have demonstrated value and potential primarily as basic research and diagnostic reagents, but, in some cases, also as therapeutics. To accelerate access to rabbit mAbs bypassing immunization, we generated a large naïve rabbit antibody repertoire represented by a phage display library encompassing >10 billion independent antibodies in chimeric rabbit/human Fab format and validated it by next-generation sequencing. Panels of rabbit mAbs selected from this library against two emerging cancer targets, ROR1 and ROR2, revealed high diversity, affinity, and specificity. Moreover, ROR1- and ROR2-targeting rabbit mAbs demonstrated therapeutic utility as components of chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells, further corroborating the value of the naïve rabbit antibody library as a rich and virtually unlimited source of rabbit mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Thomas Nerreter
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jing Chang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Junpeng Qi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Xiuling Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | | | - Mohammad Fallahi
- Informatics Core, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jo Soden
- Retrogenix Ltd, Whaley Bridge, High Peak, SK23 7LY, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Freeth
- Retrogenix Ltd, Whaley Bridge, High Peak, SK23 7LY, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michael Hudecek
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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130
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Henry CE, Emmanuel C, Lambie N, Loo C, Kan B, Kennedy CJ, de Fazio A, Hacker NF, Ford CE. Distinct Patterns of Stromal and Tumor Expression of ROR1 and ROR2 in Histological Subtypes of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:346-356. [PMID: 28342318 PMCID: PMC5367847 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ROR1 and ROR2 receptor tyrosine kinases have both been implicated in ovarian cancer progression and have been shown to drive migration and invasion. There is an increasing importance of the role of stroma in ovarian cancer metastasis; however, neither ROR1 nor ROR2 expression in tumor or stromal cells has been analyzed in the same clinical cohort. AIM To determine ROR1 and ROR2 expression in ovarian cancer and surrounding microenvironment and examine associations with clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for ROR1 and ROR2 was used to assess receptor expression in a cohort of epithelial ovarian cancer patients (n=178). Results were analyzed in relation to clinical and histopathological characteristics and survival. Matched patient sample case studies of normal, primary, and metastatic lesions were used to examine ROR expression in relation to ovarian cancer progression. RESULTS ROR1 and ROR2 are abnormally expressed in malignant ovarian epithelium and stroma. Higher ROR2 tumor expression was found in early-stage, low-grade endometrioid carcinomas. ROR2 stromal expression was highest in the serous subtype. In matched patient case studies, metastatic samples had higher expression of ROR2 in the stroma, and a recurrent sample had the highest expression of ROR2 in both tumor and stroma. CONCLUSION ROR1 and ROR2 are expressed in tumor-associated stroma in all histological subtypes of ovarian cancer and hold potential as therapeutic targets which may disrupt tumor and stroma interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Henry
- Metastasis Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and School of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Emmanuel
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital and Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - N Lambie
- South Eastern Area Laboratory Services Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - C Loo
- South Eastern Area Laboratory Services Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - B Kan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - C J Kennedy
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital and Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - A de Fazio
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital and Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - N F Hacker
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, Australia
| | - C E Ford
- Metastasis Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and School of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia.
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131
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Gohil SH, Paredes-Moscosso SR, Harrasser M, Vezzalini M, Scarpa A, Morris E, Davidoff AM, Sorio C, Nathwani AC, Della Peruta M. An ROR1 bi-specific T-cell engager provides effective targeting and cytotoxicity against a range of solid tumors. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1326437. [PMID: 28811962 PMCID: PMC5543882 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1326437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a humanized bi-specific T-cell engager (BiTE) targeting receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1), a cell surface antigen present on a range of malignancies and cancer-initiating cells. Focusing initially on pancreatic cancer, we demonstrated that our ROR1 BiTE results in T cell mediated and antigen-specific cytotoxicity against ROR1-expressing pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro at exceedingly low concentrations (0.1 ng/mL) and low effector to target ratios. Our BiTE prevented engraftment of pancreatic tumor xenografts in murine models and reduced the size of established subcutaneous tumors by at least 3-fold. To validate its wider therapeutic potential, we next demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer in an in vitro and in vivo setting and T-cell-mediated killing of a range of histologically distinct solid tumor cell lines. Overall, our ROR1 BiTE represents a promising immunotherapy approach, because of its ability to target a broad range of malignancies, many with significant unmet therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyen Harish Gohil
- Department of Academic Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Micaela Harrasser
- Department of Academic Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.,Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, London, UK
| | - Marzia Vezzalini
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Emma Morris
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, UK
| | - Andrew M Davidoff
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Claudio Sorio
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Amit Chunilal Nathwani
- Department of Academic Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.,Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, London, UK.,National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Oak House, Reeds Crescent, Watford, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Marco Della Peruta
- Department of Academic Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
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132
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Targeting ROR1 identifies new treatment strategies in hematological cancers. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:457-464. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20160272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a member of the ROR receptor family consisting of two closely related type I transmembrane proteins ROR1 and ROR2. Owing to mutations in their canonical motifs required for proper kinase activity, RORs are classified as pseudokinases lacking detectable catalytic activity. ROR1 stands out for its selective and high expression in numerous blood and solid malignancies compared with a minimal expression in healthy adult tissues, suggesting high potential for this molecule as a drug target for cancer therapy. Current understanding attributes a survival role for ROR1 in cancer cells; however, its oncogenic function is cancer-type-specific and involves various signaling pathways. High interest in ROR1-targeted therapies resulted in the development of ROR1 monoclonal antibodies such as cirmtuzumab, currently in a phase I clinical trial for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Despite these advances in translational studies, the molecular mechanism employed by ROR1 in different cancers is not yet fully understood; therefore, more insights into the oncogenic role of ROR1 signaling are crucial in order to optimize the use of targeted drugs. Recent studies provided evidence that targeting ROR1 simultaneously with inhibition of B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is more effective in killing ROR1-positive leukemia cells, suggesting a synergistic correlation between co-targeting ROR1 and BCR pathways. Although this synergy has been previously reported for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the molecular mechanism appears rather different. These results provide more insights into ROR1–BCR combinatorial treatment strategies in hematological malignancies, which could benefit in tailoring more effective targeted therapies in other ROR1-positive cancers.
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