101
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Chen B, Dai W, Mei D, Liu T, Li S, He B, He B, Yuan L, Zhang H, Wang X, Zhang Q. Comprehensively priming the tumor microenvironment by cancer-associated fibroblast-targeted liposomes for combined therapy with cancer cell-targeted chemotherapeutic drug delivery system. J Control Release 2016; 241:68-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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102
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de Vallière C, Cosin-Roger J, Simmen S, Atrott K, Melhem H, Zeitz J, Madanchi M, Tcymbarevich I, Fried M, Kullak-Ublick GA, Vavricka SR, Misselwitz B, Seuwen K, Wagner CA, Eloranta JJ, Rogler G, Ruiz PA. Hypoxia Positively Regulates the Expression of pH-Sensing G-Protein-Coupled Receptor OGR1 (GPR68). Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 2:796-810. [PMID: 28174749 PMCID: PMC5247318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A novel family of proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptors, including ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1) (GPR68) has been identified to play a role in pH homeostasis. Hypoxia is known to change tissue pH as a result of anaerobic glucose metabolism through the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. We investigated how hypoxia regulates the expression of OGR1 in the intestinal mucosa and associated cells. METHODS OGR1 expression in murine tumors, human colonic tissue, and myeloid cells was determined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The influence of hypoxia on OGR1 expression was studied in monocytes/macrophages and intestinal mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Changes in OGR1 expression in MonoMac6 (MM6) cells under hypoxia were determined upon stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in the presence or absence of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitors. To study the molecular mechanisms involved, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of the OGR1 promoter was performed. RESULTS OGR1 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissue compared with normal murine colon tissue. Hypoxia positively regulated the expression of OGR1 in MM6 cells, mouse peritoneal macrophages, primary human intestinal macrophages, and colonic tissue from IBD patients. In MM6 cells, hypoxia-enhanced TNF-induced OGR1 expression was reversed by inhibition of NF-κB. In addition to the effect of TNF and hypoxia, OGR1 expression was increased further at low pH. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that HIF-1α, but not NF-κB, binds to the promoter of OGR1 under hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS The enhancement of TNF- and hypoxia-induced OGR1 expression under low pH points to a positive feed-forward regulation of OGR1 activity in acidic conditions, and supports a role for OGR1 in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Key Words
- AICAR, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-4-ribofuranoside
- CD, Crohn's disease
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- GPR, G-protein–coupled receptor
- GRP65
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- HV, healthy volunteer
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IEC, intestinal epithelial cell
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammation
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- MM6, MonoMac 6
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- OGR1, ovarian cancer G-protein–coupled receptor 1 (GPR68)
- Ovarian Cancer G-Protein–Coupled Receptor
- RT-qPCR, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
- SPARC, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine
- TDAG8
- TDAG8, T-cell death-associated gene 8 (GPR65)
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Th, T-helper
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- WT, wild type
- mRNA, messenger RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl de Vallière
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Simona Simmen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Madanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irina Tcymbarevich
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Fried
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jyrki J Eloranta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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103
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Penet MF, Jin J, Chen Z, Bhujwalla ZM. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy in Cancer Theranostic Imaging. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 25:215-221. [PMID: 27748706 PMCID: PMC5893223 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
With its exquisite anatomical resolution and wide-ranging functional imaging capabilities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has found multiple applications in detection, staging, and monitoring treatment response in cancer. The metabolic information provided by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is being actively investigated to complement MRI parameters, as well as existing biomarkers, in cancer detection and in monitoring response to treatment. Located at the interface of detection and therapy, theranostic imaging is a rapidly expanding new field that is showing significant promise for precision medicine of cancer. Innovations in the development of novel nanoparticles decorated with imaging reporters that can be used to deliver therapeutic cargo to specific cells and environments have provided new roles for MRI and MRS in theranostic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Penet
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jiefu Jin
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zhihang Chen
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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104
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Li L, Song L, Yang X, Li X, Wu Y, He T, Wang N, Yang S, Zeng Y, Yang L, Wu Q, Wei Y, Gong C. Multifunctional "core-shell" nanoparticles-based gene delivery for treatment of aggressive melanoma. Biomaterials 2016; 111:124-137. [PMID: 27728812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy may be a promising and powerful strategy for cancer treatment, but efficient targeted gene delivery in vivo has so far remained challenging. Here, we developed a well-tailored and versatile "core-shell" ternary system (RRPHC) of systemic gene delivery for treatment of aggressive melanoma. The capsid-like "shell" of this system was engineered to mediate depth penetration to tissues, simultaneously target the CD44 receptors and integrin αvβ3 receptors overexpressed on neovasculature and most malignant tumor cells, while the "core" was responsible for nucleus-targeting and effective transfection. The RRPHC ternary complexes enhanced cellular uptake via dual receptor-mediated endocytosis, improved the endosomal escape and significantly promoted the plasmid penetration into the nucleus. Notably, RRPHC ternary complexes exhibited ultra-high gene transfection efficiency (∼100% in B16F10 cells), which surpassed that of commercial transfection agents, PEI 25K, Lipofectamine 2000 and even Lipofectamine 3000. Especially, RRPHC ternary complexes showed excellent serum resistance and remained high gene transfection efficacy (∼100%) even in medium containing 30% serum. In vivo biodistribution imaging demonstrated RRPHC ternary complexes possessed much more accumulation and extensive distribution throughout tumor regions while minimal location in other organs. Furthermore, systemic delivery of the pro-apoptotic mTRAIL gene to tumor xenografts by RRPHC ternary complexes resulted in remarkable inhibition of melanoma, with no systemic toxicity. These results demonstrated that the designed novel RRPHC ternary complexes might be a promising gene delivery system for targeted cancer therapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Linjiang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yuzhe Wu
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Suleixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Carl Zeiss (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Chengdu Branch, PR China
| | - Qinjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Changyang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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105
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Demoin DW, Wyatt LC, Edwards KJ, Abdel-Atti D, Sarparanta M, Pourat J, Longo VA, Carlin SD, Engelman DM, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK, Viola-Villegas N, Lewis JS. PET Imaging of Extracellular pH in Tumors with (64)Cu- and (18)F-Labeled pHLIP Peptides: A Structure-Activity Optimization Study. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2014-23. [PMID: 27396694 PMCID: PMC5034329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
pH (low) insertion
peptides (pHLIP peptides) target acidic extracellular
environments in vivo due to pH-dependent cellular membrane insertion.
Two variants (Var3 and Var7) and wild-type (WT) pHLIP peptides have
shown promise for in vivo imaging of breast cancer. Two positron emitting
radionuclides (64Cu and 18F) were used to label
the NOTA- and NO2A-derivatized Var3, Var7, and WT peptides for in
vivo biodistribution studies in 4T1 orthotopic tumor-bearing BALB/c
mice. All of the constructs were radiolabeled with 64Cu
or [18F]-AlF in good yield. The in vivo biodistribution
of the 12 constructs in 4T1 orthotopic allografted female BALB/c mice
indicated that NO2A-cysVar3, radiolabeled with either 18F (4T1 uptake; 8.9 ± 1.7%ID/g at 4 h p.i.) or 64Cu
(4T1 uptake; 8.2 ± 0.9%ID/g at 4 h p.i. and 19.2 ± 1.8%
ID/g at 24 h p.i.), shows the most promise for clinical translation.
Additional studies to investigate other tumor models (melanoma, prostate,
and brain tumor models) indicated the universality of tumor targeting
of these tracers. From this study, future clinical translation will
focus on 18F- or 64Cu-labeled NO2A-cysVar3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linden C Wyatt
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island , 2 Lippitt Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Donald M Engelman
- pHLIP, Inc , 2 Lippitt Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Oleg A Andreev
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island , 2 Lippitt Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States.,pHLIP, Inc , 2 Lippitt Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Yana K Reshetnyak
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island , 2 Lippitt Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States.,pHLIP, Inc , 2 Lippitt Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Nerissa Viola-Villegas
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Weill Cornell Medical College , 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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106
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Ganesh S, Koser ML, Cyr WA, Chopda GR, Tao J, Shui X, Ying B, Chen D, Pandya P, Chipumuro E, Siddiquee Z, Craig K, Lai C, Dudek H, Monga SP, Wang W, Brown BD, Abrams MT. Direct Pharmacological Inhibition of β-Catenin by RNA Interference in Tumors of Diverse Origin. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2143-54. [PMID: 27390343 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is among the most frequently altered signaling networks in human cancers. Despite decades of preclinical and clinical research, efficient therapeutic targeting of Wnt/β-catenin has been elusive. RNA interference (RNAi) technology silences genes at the mRNA level and therefore can be applied to previously undruggable targets. Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) represent an elegant solution for the delivery of RNAi-triggering oligonucleotides to disease-relevant tissues, but have been mostly restricted to applications in the liver. In this study, we systematically tuned the composition of a prototype LNP to enable tumor-selective delivery of a Dicer-substrate siRNA (DsiRNA) targeting CTNNB1, the gene encoding β-catenin. This formulation, termed EnCore-R, demonstrated pharmacodynamic activity in subcutaneous human tumor xenografts, orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors, disseminated hematopoietic tumors, genetically induced primary liver tumors, metastatic colorectal tumors, and murine metastatic melanoma. DsiRNA delivery was homogeneous in tumor sections, selective over normal liver and independent of apolipoprotein-E binding. Significant tumor growth inhibition was achieved in Wnt-dependent colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma models, but not in Wnt-independent tumors. Finally, no evidence of accelerated blood clearance or sustained liver transaminase elevation was observed after repeated dosing in nonhuman primates. These data support further investigation to gain mechanistic insight, optimize dose regimens, and identify efficacious combinations with standard-of-care therapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2143-54. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Ganesh
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | | | - Wendy A Cyr
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Junyan Tao
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
| | - Xue Shui
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bo Ying
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dongyu Chen
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Purva Pandya
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Kevin Craig
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Chengjung Lai
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Henryk Dudek
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Weimin Wang
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bob D Brown
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Marc T Abrams
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
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107
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Shin WS, Han J, Verwilst P, Kumar R, Kim JH, Kim JS. Cancer Targeted Enzymatic Theranostic Prodrug: Precise Diagnosis and Chemotherapy. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1419-26. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weon Sup Shin
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Jiyou Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Verwilst
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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108
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Nair R, Shah U. Lactic Acidosis: A Rare Oncological Emergency in Solid Tumors at Presentation. Am J Med Sci 2016; 353:402-406. [PMID: 28317631 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acidosis is a potentially life-threatening complication characterized by accumulation of blood lactate resulting in low arterial pH. The majority of lactic acidosis in malignancies are reported in association with hematologic malignancies. It may result from an imbalance between lactate production and hepatic lactate utilization, but the exact pathophysiology is far more complex than what we can fathom from current micromolecular studies. We report a case of a 71-year-old male with metastatic lung cancer presenting with fatal lactic acidosis in the absence of liver involvement. Review of the literature reveals only 27 reported cases of solid tumors presenting with lactic acidosis, of which nearly all of them had extensive liver metastasis. Patients were treated with aggressive fluid resuscitation, bicarbonate administration and hemodialysis, but the only effective treatment modality was early aggressive chemotherapy initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Nair
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, John and Dorothy Morgan Cancer Center, Allentown, Pennsylvania.
| | - Usman Shah
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, John and Dorothy Morgan Cancer Center, Allentown, Pennsylvania
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109
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Delivery of oncolytic adenovirus into the nucleus of tumorigenic cells by tumor microparticles for virotherapy. Biomaterials 2016; 89:56-66. [PMID: 26950165 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have been utilized for the treatment of various cancers. However, delivery of the viral particles to tumor cells remains a major challenge. Microparticles (MP) are vesicle forms of plasma membrane fragments of 0.1-1 μm in size that are shed by cells. We have previously shown the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs using tumor cell-derived MPs (T-MP). Here we report that T-MPs can be utilized as a unique carrier system to deliver oncolytic adenoviruses to human tumors, leading to highly efficient cytolysis of tumor cells needed for in vivo treatment efficacy. This T-MP-mediated oncolytic virotherapy approach holds multiple advantages, including: 1) delivery of oncolytic adenovirus by T-MPs is able to avoid the antiviral effect of host antibodies; 2) delivery of oncolytic adenovirus by T-MPs is not limited by virus-specific receptor that mediates the entry of virus into tumor cells; 3) T-MPs are apt at delivering oncolytic adenoviruses to the nucleus of tumor cells as well as to stem-like tumor-repopulating cells for the desired purpose of killing them. These findings highlight a novel oncolytic adenovirus delivery system with highly promising clinical applications.
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110
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AMPK, a key regulator of metabolic/energy homeostasis and mitochondrial biogenesis in cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2044. [PMID: 26775698 PMCID: PMC4816182 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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111
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Drug delivery system targeting advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Current and future. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:853-869. [PMID: 26772424 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.12.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a fairly high morbidity and is notoriously difficult to treat due to long latent period before detection, multidrug resistance and severe drug-related adverse effects from chemotherapy. Targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) that can selectively deliver therapeutic drugs into tumor sites have demonstrated a great potential in cancer treatment, which could be utilized to resolve the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. Numerous preclinical studies of DDS have been published, but targeted DDS for HCC has yet to be made for practical clinical use. Since rational targeted DDS design should take cancer-specific properties into consideration, we have reviewed the biological and physicochemical properties of HCC extensively to provide a comprehensive understanding on HCC, and recent DDS studies on HCC, aiming to find some potential targeted DDSs for HCC treatment and a meaningful platform for further development of HCC treatments. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Hepatocellular carcinoma has a high incidence worldwide and is known to be multidrug resistant. Thus, intensive research is being carried out to find better chemotherapeutic agents as well as new drug delivery systems. In this article, the authors reviewed in depth the current challenges facing new drug designs and also outlined novel targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) in the fight against HCC.
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112
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Ahmad J, Akhter S, Greig NH, Kamal MA, Midoux P, Pichon C. Engineered Nanoparticles Against MDR in Cancer: The State of the Art and its Prospective. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22:4360-4373. [PMID: 27319945 PMCID: PMC5182049 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160617112111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease at intra/inter patient levels and known as the leading cause of death worldwide. A variety of mono and combinational therapies including chemotherapy have been evolved over the years for its effective treatment. However, advent of chemotherapeutic resistance or multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer is a major challenge researchers are facing in cancer chemotherapy. MDR is a complex process having multifaceted non-cellular or cellular-based mechanisms. Research in the area of cancer nanotechnology over the past two decade has now proven that the smartly designed nanoparticles help in successful chemotherapy by overcoming the MDR and preferentially accumulate in the tumor region by means of active and passive targeting therefore reducing the offtarget accumulation of payload. Many of such nanoparticles are in different stages of clinical trials as nanomedicines showing promising result in cancer therapy including the resistant cases. Nanoparticles as chemotherapeutics carriers offer the opportunity to have multiple payload of drug and or imaging agents for combinational and theranostics therapy. Moreover, nanotechnology further bring in notice the new treatment strategies such as combining the NIR, MRI and HIFU in cancer chemotherapy and imaging. Here, we discussed the cellular/non-cellular factors constituting the MDR in cancer and the role of nanomedicines in effective chemotherapy of MDR cases of cancers. Moreover, recent advancements like combinational payload delivery and combined physical approach with nanotechnology in cancer therapy have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, UP-229010, India
| | - Sohail Akhter
- LE STUDIUM Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre-Val de Loire region, France
- Nucleic acids transfer by non-viral methods, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National, Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Metabolomics & Enzymology Unit, Fundamental and Applied Biology Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Patrick Midoux
- Nucleic acids transfer by non-viral methods, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Nucleic acids transfer by non-viral methods, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
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113
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Zhao X, Sun B, Liu Y, Zhang D, Liu Z, Zhao X, Gu Q, Han C, Dong X, Che N, An J, Zheng Y, Liu T. Linearly Patterned Programmed Cell Necrosis Induced by Chronic Hypoxia Plays a Role in Melanoma Angiogenesis. J Cancer 2016; 7:22-31. [PMID: 26722356 PMCID: PMC4679377 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Highly aggressive tumors are exposed to hypoxia and increased tumor interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) conditions which is resistant to blood supply. Physiological responses of the organism may reduce IFP through induction of orderly cell death. Specific aims: This study demonstrates that orderly cell death provided spatial structure for early angiogenesis in the hypoxic, high-IFP tumor microenvironment and the participation of linearly patterned programmed cell necrosis (LPPCN) in nascent melanoma angiogenesis. Methods: Animal model, laser capture microdissection, wound healing and transwell assays, three-dimensional cultures, zymography assays, western-blotting analysis, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were performed. Results: This study demonstrated a special form of cell death occurring in groups of malignant tumor cells which arrayed in lines. Both features of apoptosis and necrosis can be found in this cell death pattern and were termed as LPPCN. Its role as a stimulus of tumor angiogenesis was investigated using human melanoma samples and an animal model. Computer image analysis showed that LPPCN and tumor microvessels had identical spatial distributions. It can be induced by chronic hypoxia, high IFP and subsequent calcium influx. Higher number of tumor associated macrophages (TAM) and VEGF expression were found in the tumor with LPPCN. Based on the tumor-bearing animal model, it was found that block of caspase pathway inhibited LPPCN, microvessel density and vasculogenic mimicry (VM). Conclusions: LPPCN formation may play an important role in tumor angiogenesis due to stimulation of macrophage infiltration and HIF-1α regulation, and that inhibition of LPPCN may be a novel therapeutic strategy against tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Zhao
- 1. Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University ; 2. Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Baocun Sun
- 1. Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University ; 2. Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University ; 3. Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yanrong Liu
- 1. Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University ; 2. Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Danfang Zhang
- 1. Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University ; 2. Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- 3. Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University
| | - Xueming Zhao
- 2. Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Qiang Gu
- 1. Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University ; 2. Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Chunrong Han
- 2. Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Xueyi Dong
- 1. Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University ; 2. Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Na Che
- 1. Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University ; 2. Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Jindan An
- 2. Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yanjun Zheng
- 2. Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Tieju Liu
- 1. Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University ; 2. Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University
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The Tumor Microenvironment as a Barrier to Cancer Nanotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 936:165-190. [PMID: 27739048 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42023-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although extensive research effort and resources have been dedicated to the development of nanotherapeutics to treat cancer, few formulations have reached clinical application. A major reason is that the large number of parameters available to tune nanotherapy characteristics coupled with the variability in tumor tissue precludes evaluation of complex interactions through experimentation alone. In order to optimize the nanotechnology design and gain further insight into these phenomena, mathematical modeling and computational simulation have been applied to complement empirical work. In this chapter, we discuss modeling work related to nanotherapy and the tumor microenvironment. We first summarize the biology underlying the dysregulated tumor microenvironment, followed by a description of major nano-scale parameters. We then present an overview of the mathematical modeling of cancer nanotherapy, including evaluation of nanotherapy in multi-dimensional tumor tissue, coupling of nanotherapy with vascular flow, modeling of nanotherapy in combination with in vivo imaging, modeling of nanoparticle transport based on in vitro data, modeling of vasculature-bound nanoparticles, evaluation of nanotherapy using pharmacokinetic modeling, and modeling of nano-based hyperthermia. We conclude that an even tighter interdisciplinary effort between biological, material, and physical scientists is needed in order to eventually overcome the tumor microenvironment barrier to successful nanotherapy.
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Nakamura H, Abu Lila AS, Nishio M, Tanaka M, Ando H, Kiwada H, Ishida T. Intra-tumor distribution of PEGylated liposome upon repeated injection: No possession by prior dose. J Control Release 2015; 220:406-413. [PMID: 26548975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes have proven to be a viable means for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to solid tumors. However, significant variability has been detected in their intra-tumor accumulation and distribution, resulting in compromised therapeutic outcomes. We recently examined the intra-tumor accumulation and distribution of weekly sequentially administered oxaliplatin (l-OHP)-containing PEGylated liposomes. In that study, the first and second doses of l-OHP-containing PEGylated liposomes were distributed diversely and broadly within tumor tissues, resulting in a potent anti-tumor efficacy. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying such a diverse and broad liposome distribution. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the influence of dosage interval on the intra-tumor accumulation and distribution of "empty" PEGylated liposomes. Intra-tumor distribution of sequentially administered "empty" PEGylated liposomes was altered in a dosing interval-dependent manner. In addition, the intra-tumor distribution pattern was closely related to the chronological alteration of tumor blood flow as well as vascular permeability in the growing tumor tissue. These results suggest that the sequential administrations of PEGylated liposomes in well-spaced intervals might allow the distribution to different areas and enhance the total bulk accumulation within tumor tissue, resulting in better therapeutic efficacy of the encapsulated payload. This study may provide useful information for a better design of therapeutic regimens involving multiple administrations of nanocarrier drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Amr S Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Miho Nishio
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiwada
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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Zaro JL, Shen WC. Cationic and amphipathic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs): Their structures and in vivo studies in drug delivery. Front Chem Sci Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-015-1538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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117
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High efficacy vasopermeability drug candidates identified by screening in an ex ovo chorioallantoic membrane model. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15756. [PMID: 26510887 PMCID: PMC4625159 DOI: 10.1038/srep15756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of rodent models to evaluate efficacy during testing is accompanied by significant economic and regulatory hurdles which compound the costs of screening for promising drug candidates. Vasopermeation Enhancement Agents (VEAs) are a new class of biologics that are designed to increase the uptake of cancer therapeutics at the tumor site by modifying vascular permeability in the tumor to increase the therapeutic index of co-administered drugs. To evaluate the efficacy of a panel of VEA clinical candidates, we compared the rodent Miles assay to an equivalent assay in the ex ovo chicken embryo model. Both model systems identified the same candidate (PVL 10) as the most active promoter of vasopermeation in non-tumor tissues. An ex ovo chicken embryo system was utilized to test each candidate VEA in two human tumor models at a range of concentrations. Vasopermeation activity due to VEA was dependent on tumor type, with HEp3 tumors displaying higher levels of vasopermeation than MDA-MB-435. One candidate (PVL 10) proved optimal for HEp3 tumors and another (PVL 2) for MDA-MB-435. The use of the ex ovo chicken embryo model provides a rapid and less costly alternative to the use of rodent models for preclinical screening of drug candidates.
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118
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Yan L, Crayton SH, Thawani JP, Amirshaghaghi A, Tsourkas A, Cheng Z. A pH-Responsive Drug-Delivery Platform Based on Glycol Chitosan-Coated Liposomes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:4870-4. [PMID: 26183232 PMCID: PMC4592472 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201501412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lesan Yan
- Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania 210 South 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Samuel H. Crayton
- Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania 210 South 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jayesh P. Thawani
- Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania 210 South 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ahmad Amirshaghaghi
- Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania 210 South 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania 210 South 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhiliang Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania 210 South 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Zeng L, Chen Y, Huang H, Wang J, Zhao D, Ji L, Chao H. Cyclometalated Ruthenium(II) Anthraquinone Complexes Exhibit Strong Anticancer Activity in Hypoxic Tumor Cells. Chemistry 2015; 21:15308-19. [PMID: 26338207 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is the critical feature of the tumor microenvironment that is known to lead to resistance to many chemotherapeutic drugs. Six novel ruthenium(II) anthraquinone complexes were designed and synthesized; they exhibit similar or superior cytotoxicity compared to cisplatin in hypoxic HeLa, A549, and multidrug-resistant (A549R) tumor cell lines. Their anticancer activities are related to their lipophilicity and cellular uptake; therefore, these physicochemical properties of the complexes can be changed by modifying the ligands to obtain better anticancer candidates. Complex 1, the most potent member of the series, is highly active against hypoxic HeLa cancer cells (IC50 =0.53 μM). This complex likely has 46-fold better activity than cisplatin (IC50 =24.62 μM) in HeLa cells. This complex tends to accumulate in the mitochondria and the nucleus of hypoxic HeLa cells. Further mechanistic studies show that complex 1 induced cell apoptosis during hypoxia through multiple pathways, including those of DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the inhibition of DNA replication and HIF-1α expression, making it an outstanding candidate for further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leli Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (P. R. China)
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (P. R. China)
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (P. R. China)
| | - Jinquan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (P. R. China)
| | - Donglei Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (P. R. China)
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (P. R. China)
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (P. R. China).
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120
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Hui L, Chen Y. Tumor microenvironment: Sanctuary of the devil. Cancer Lett 2015; 368:7-13. [PMID: 26276713 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells constantly interact with the surrounding microenvironment. Increasing evidence indicates that targeting the tumor microenvironment could complement traditional treatment and improve therapeutic outcomes for these malignancies. In this paper, we review new insights into the tumor microenvironment, and summarize selected examples of the cross-talk between tumor cells and their microenvironment, which have enhanced our understanding of pathophysiology of the microenvironment. We believe that this rapidly moving field promises many more to come, and they will guide the rational design of combinational therapies for success in cancer eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Hui
- Institute of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Institute of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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121
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Khloya P, Ceruso M, Ram S, Supuran CT, Sharma PK. Sulfonamide bearing pyrazolylpyrazolines as potent inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IX and XII. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3208-12. [PMID: 26105196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of pyrazolylpyrazolines was designed, synthesized and evaluated for carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory activity against cytosolic human (h) isozymes hCA I and hCA II as well as transmembrane tumor associated isozymes, hCA IX and hCA XII. All the tested compounds exhibited an excellent CA activity profile against hCA I, hCA II and hCA XII when compared to the reference drug acetazolamide (AZA). Compounds 6d, 6f and 7a-7f have exhibited better inhibition profile against hCA XII (Ki = 0.47-5.1 nM) as compared with AZA (Ki = 5.7 nM) especially, compounds 6a, 7a, 7c and 7d which were nearly 10-fold better than reference drug. Against hCA II, all of the tested compounds were better than the standard drug especially compounds 6c, 6d, 7c and 7d (Ki = 1.1-1.7 nM) were many fold better inhibitors than AZA (Ki = 12.1 nM). In addition, they acted as selective CA inhibitors of isoform hCA XII over the physiological isoform hCA I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Khloya
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Mariangela Ceruso
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm 188, and Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via U. Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Sita Ram
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm 188, and Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via U. Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
| | - Pawan K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kumari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science – Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science – Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science – Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Yata T, Lee ELQ, Suwan K, Syed N, Asavarut P, Hajitou A. Modulation of extracellular matrix in cancer is associated with enhanced tumor cell targeting by bacteriophage vectors. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:110. [PMID: 26037383 PMCID: PMC4451735 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene therapy has been an attractive paradigm for cancer treatment. However, cancer gene therapy has been challenged by the inherent limitation of vectors that are able to deliver therapeutic genes to tumors specifically and efficiently following systemic administration. Bacteriophage (phage) are viruses that have shown promise for targeted systemic gene delivery. Yet, they are considered poor vectors for gene transfer. Recently, we generated a tumor-targeted phage named adeno-associated virus/phage (AAVP), which is a filamentous phage particle whose genome contains the adeno-associated virus genome. Its effectiveness in delivering therapeutic genes to tumors specifically both in vitro and in vivo has been shown in numerous studies. Despite being a clinically useful vector, a multitude of barriers impede gene transduction to tumor cells. We hypothesized that one such factor is the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM). Methods We used a number of tumor cell lines from different species and histological types in 2D monolayers or 3D multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) models. To assess whether the ECM is a barrier to tumor cell targeting by AAVP, we depleted the ECM using collagenase, hyaluronidase, or combination of both. We employed multiple techniques to investigate and quantify the effect of ECM depletion on ECM composition (including collagen type I, hyaluronic acid, fibronectin and laminin), and how AAVP adsorption, internalisation, gene expression and therapeutic efficacy are subsequently affected. Data were analyzed using a student’s t test when comparing two groups or one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests when using more than two groups. Results We demonstrate that collagenase and hyaluronidase-mediated degradation of tumor ECM affects the composition of collagen, hyaluronic acid and fibronectin. Consequently, AAVP diffusion, internalisation, gene expression and tumor cell killing were enhanced after enzymatic treatment. Our data suggest that enhancement of gene transfer by the AAVP is solely attributed to ECM depletion. We provide substantial evidence that ECM modulation is relevant in clinically applicable settings by using 3D MCTS, which simulates in vivo environments more accurately. Conclusion Our findings suggest that ECM depletion is an effective strategy to enhance the efficiency of viral vector-guided gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerapong Yata
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, London, W12 0NN, UK. .,National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Eugene L Q Lee
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Keittisak Suwan
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Nelofer Syed
- The John Fulcher Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Division of Brain sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Paladd Asavarut
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Amin Hajitou
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, London, W12 0NN, UK. .,Amin Hajitou, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, 160 Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Molecular Connections between Cancer Cell Metabolism and the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11055-86. [PMID: 25988385 PMCID: PMC4463690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells preferentially utilize glycolysis, instead of oxidative phosphorylation, for metabolism even in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon of aerobic glycolysis, referred to as the “Warburg effect”, commonly exists in a variety of tumors. Recent studies further demonstrate that both genetic factors such as oncogenes and tumor suppressors and microenvironmental factors such as spatial hypoxia and acidosis can regulate the glycolytic metabolism of cancer cells. Reciprocally, altered cancer cell metabolism can modulate the tumor microenvironment which plays important roles in cancer cell somatic evolution, metastasis, and therapeutic response. In this article, we review the progression of current understandings on the molecular interaction between cancer cell metabolism and the tumor microenvironment. In addition, we discuss the implications of these interactions in cancer therapy and chemoprevention.
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125
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Recent progress in biomedical applications of Pluronic (PF127): Pharmaceutical perspectives. J Control Release 2015; 209:120-38. [PMID: 25921088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Most of the administered anti-cancer drugs are hydrophobic in nature and are known to have poor water solubility, short residence time, rapid clearance from the body and systemic side effects. Polymeric-based targeted particulate carrier system has shown to directly deliver the encapsulated anti-cancer drug to the desired site of action and prevent the interaction of encapsulated drug with the normal cells. Pluronic F127 (PF127) has been widely investigated for its broad-range of therodiagnostic applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences, but rapid dissolution in the physiological fluids, short residence time, rapid clearance, and weak mechanical strength are the main shortcomings that are associated with PF127 and have recently been overcome by making various modifications in the structure of PF127 notably through preparation of PF127-based mixed polymeric micelles, PF127-conjugated nanoparticles and PF127-based hydrophobically modified thermogels. In this article, we have briefly discussed the recent studies that have been conducted on various anti-cancer drugs using PF127 as nano-carrier modified with other copolymers and/or conjugated with magnetic nanoparticles. The key findings of these studies demonstrated that the modified form of PF127 can significantly increase the stability of incorporated hydrophobic drugs with enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of anti-cancer drugs. Moreover, the modified form of PF127 has also shown its therapeutic potentials as therodiagnostics in various types of tumors and cancers. Hence, it can be concluded that the modified form of PF127 exhibits significant therodiagnostic effects with increased tumor-specific delivery of anti-cancer drugs having minimal toxic effects as compared to PF127 alone and/or other copolymers.
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Rofstad EK, Galappathi K, Mathiesen BS. Tumor interstitial fluid pressure-a link between tumor hypoxia, microvascular density, and lymph node metastasis. Neoplasia 2015; 16:586-94. [PMID: 25117980 PMCID: PMC4198829 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High microvascular density (MVD) in the primary tumor has been shown to be associated with increased incidence of lymph node metastases and poor clinical outcome. Other investigations have revealed that a large fraction of hypoxic tissue in the primary tumor is associated with metastatic disease and impaired survival. These data are apparently incompatible because tumor hypoxia is primarily a consequence of poor oxygen supply caused by an inadequate vasculature with increased intervessel distances. Here, we provide an explanation of these observations. Human melanoma xenografts were used as preclinical cancer models. Tumors that metastasized to lymph nodes showed higher interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) than those that did not metastasize, and compared with tumors with low IFP, tumors with high IFP showed large hypoxic fractions centrally, high MVD in the periphery, high peritumoral density of lymphatics, and elevated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and VEGF-C. Significant correlations were found between peripheral MVD and central hypoxia, and lymph node metastasis was associated with high values of both parameters. These findings suggest that the outcome of cancer may be associated with both high MVD and extensive hypoxia in the primary tumor. We propose that proangiogenic factors are upregulated in the tumor center and that the outward interstitial fluid flow caused by the elevated IFP transports these factors to the tumor surface where they evoke hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and consequently, that the IFP serves as a link between tumor hypoxia, peripheral tumor hemangiogenesis, peritumoral lymphangiogenesis, and lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar K Rofstad
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kanthi Galappathi
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit S Mathiesen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Justus CR, Yang LV. GPR4 decreases B16F10 melanoma cell spreading and regulates focal adhesion dynamics through the G13/Rho signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2015; 334:100-13. [PMID: 25845498 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effect of acidosis, a biochemical hallmark of the tumor microenvironment, on cancer progression and metastasis is complex. Both pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects of acidosis have been reported and the acidic microenvironment has been exploited for specific delivery of drugs, imaging agents, and genetic constructs into tumors. In this study we investigate the spreading and focal adhesion of B16F10 melanoma cells that are genetically engineered to overexpress the pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptor GPR4. By using cell attachment assays we found that GPR4 overexpression delayed cell spreading and altered the spatial localization of dynamic focal adhesion complex, such as the localization of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin, at acidic pH. The potential G-protein and downstream signaling pathways that are responsible for these effects were also investigated. By using the Rho inhibitor CT04 (C3 transferase), the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitors Y27632 and thiazovivin, the myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor staurosporine or a G12/13 inhibitory construct, cell spreading was restored whereas the inhibition and activation of the Gq and Gs pathways had little or no effect. Altogether our results indicate that through the G12/13/Rho signaling pathway GPR4 modulates focal adhesion dynamics and reduces cell spreading and membrane ruffling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin R Justus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Li V Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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128
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Burns KE, Robinson MK, Thévenin D. Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and breast tumor targeting of pHLIP-monomethyl auristatin E conjugates. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1250-8. [PMID: 25741818 DOI: 10.1021/mp500779k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Localized delivery is vital for the successful development of novel and effective therapeutics for the treatment of cancer. The targeting and delivery described herein is based on the pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP), a unique delivery peptide that can selectively target tumors in mice and translocate and release cargo molecules intracellularly based solely on the low extracellular pH intrinsic to cancer cells. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of pHLIP to target and deliver the highly potent and clinically validated microtubule inhibitor monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) to cancer cells and breast tumors. We show that pHLIP-MMAE conjugates induce a potent cytotoxic effect (>90% inhibition of cell growth) in a concentration- and pH-dependent manner after only 2 h incubation without any apparent disruption of the plasma membrane. pHLIP-MMAE conjugates exhibit between an 11- and 144-fold higher antiproliferative effect at low pH than that at physiological pH and a pronounced pH-dependent cytotoxicity as compared to that of free drug. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a pHLIP-MMAE drug conjugate effectively targets triple-negative breast tumor xenografts in mice. These results indicate that pHLIP-based auristatin conjugates may have an enhanced therapeutic window as compared to that of free drug, providing a targeting mechanism to attenuate systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Burns
- †Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Matthew K Robinson
- ‡Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, United States
| | - Damien Thévenin
- †Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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129
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Khajah MA, Mathew PM, Alam-Eldin NS, Luqmani YA. Bleb formation is induced by alkaline but not acidic pH in estrogen receptor silenced breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1685-98. [PMID: 25672508 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo and acquired resistance to endocrine-based therapies in breast cancer occurs in parallel with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is associated with enhanced proliferative and metastatic potential, and poor clinical outcome. We have established several endocrine insensitive breast cancer lines by shRNA-induced depletion of estrogen receptor (ER) by transfection of MCF7 cells. All of these exhibit EMT. We have previously reported that brief exposure of specifically ER- breast cancer cells, to extracellular alkaline pH, results in cell rounding and segregation, and leads to enhanced invasive potential. In this study we describe more detailed morphological changes and compare these with cell exposure to acidic pH. Morphological changes and localization of various molecules critical for cell adhesion and motility, associated with pH effects, were assessed by live cell microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence. Exposure of either ER- or ER+ breast cancer cells to extracellular acidic pH did not induce significant changes in morphological appearance. Conversely, brief exposure of specifically ER silenced cells, to alkaline pH, resulted in cell contractolation and formation of bleb-like actin-rich structures which were evenly distributed on the outer membrane. Integrin α2, FAK, and JAM-1 were found in the cytoplasm streaming into the newly formed blebs. These blebs appear to be related to cell polarity and movement. Pre-treatment with cytochalasin-D or inhibitors of Rho or MLCK prevented both contractolation and bleb formation. Our data suggest that the effect of pH on the microenvironment of endocrine resistant breast cancer cells needs to be more extensively investigated. Alkaline, rather than acidic pH, appears to induce dramatic morphological changes, and enhances their invasive capabilities, through re-organization of cortical actin.
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130
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Akhter S, Amin S, Ahmad J, Khan S, Anwar M, Ahmad MZ, Rahman Z, Ahmad FJ. Nanotechnology to Combat Multidrug Resistance in Cancer. RESISTANCE TO TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09801-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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131
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Pillai JJ, Thulasidasan AKT, Anto RJ, Devika NC, Ashwanikumar N, Kumar GSV. Curcumin entrapped folic acid conjugated PLGA–PEG nanoparticles exhibit enhanced anticancer activity by site specific delivery. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report curcumin entrapped nanoparticles of PLGA–PEG copolymer which were conjugated with folic acid (PPF copolymer) for site specific targeting since many cancer cells exhibit external folic acid binding receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisha J. Pillai
- Chemical Biology – Nano Drug Delivery Systems
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | | | - Ruby John Anto
- Division of Cancer Research
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Nandan C. Devika
- Chemical Biology – Nano Drug Delivery Systems
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - N. Ashwanikumar
- Chemical Biology – Nano Drug Delivery Systems
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - G. S. Vinod Kumar
- Chemical Biology – Nano Drug Delivery Systems
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
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132
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Zong T, Mei L, Gao H, Shi K, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Yang Y, He Q. Enhanced Glioma Targeting and Penetration by Dual-Targeting Liposome Co-modified with T7 and TAT. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3891-3901. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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134
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Chen LQ, Howison CM, Jeffery JJ, Robey IF, Kuo PH, Pagel MD. Evaluations of extracellular pH within in vivo tumors using acidoCEST MRI. Magn Reson Med 2014; 72:1408-17. [PMID: 24281951 PMCID: PMC4033731 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A practical, noninvasive method is needed to measure the extracellular pH (pHe) within in vivo tumors to longitudinally monitor tumor acidosis. We have optimized a biomedical imaging method, termed acidoCEST MRI, to provide noninvasive assessments of tumor pHe in preclinical models of mammary carcinoma. METHODS A CEST-FISP MRI method was optimized to detect the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) of two amide protons of a clinically approved CT contrast agent, iopromide. The ratio of the two CEST effects was used to measure pH. Routes of administration of iopromide were evaluated to ensure sufficient delivery of the agent to the tumor. The optimized acidoCEST MRI method was then used to evaluate the change in tumor pHe following alkalinizing bicarbonate treatment. RESULTS The acidoCEST MRI protocol measured pH between 6.2 and 7.2 pH units. Greater delivery of iopromide was shown to improve the precision of the measurement of tumor pHe, but the agent did not influence the tumor pHe. AcidoCEST MRI was used to longitudinally monitor the effect of bicarbonate treatment on the pHe of tumors and bladders. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that an optimized acidoCEST MRI method is a practical, noninvasive method for assessing changes in tumor acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Qi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Justin J. Jeffery
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ian F. Robey
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Phillip H. Kuo
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mark D. Pagel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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135
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Variation in diffusion of gases through PDMS due to plasma surface treatment and storage conditions. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:91-6. [PMID: 24065585 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a commonly used polymer in the fabrication of microfluidic devices due to such features as transparency, gas permeability, and ease of patterning with soft lithography. The surface characteristics of PDMS can also be easily changed with oxygen or low pressure air plasma converting it from a hydrophobic to a hydrophilic state. As part of such a transformation, surface methyl groups are removed and replaced with hydroxyl groups making the exposed surface to resemble silica, a gas impermeable substance. We have utilized Platinum(II)-tetrakis(pentaflourophenyl)porphyrin immobilized within a thin (~1.5 um thick) polystyrene matrix as an oxygen sensor, Stern-Volmer relationship, and Fick's Law of simple diffusion to measure the effects of PDMS composition, treatment, and storage on oxygen diffusion through PDMS. Results indicate that freshly oxidized PDMS showed a significantly smaller diffusion coefficient, indicating that the SiO2 layer formed on the PDMS surface created an impeding barrier. This barrier disappeared after a 3-day storage in air, but remained significant for up to 3 weeks if PDMS was maintained in contact with water. Additionally, higher density PDMS formulation (5:1 ratio) showed similar diffusion characteristics as normal (10:1 ratio) formulation, but showed 60 % smaller diffusion coefficient after plasma treatment that never recovered to pre-treatment levels even after a 3-week storage in air. Understanding how plasma surface treatments contribute to oxygen diffusion will be useful in exploiting the gas permeability of PDMS to establish defined normoxic and hypoxic oxygen conditions within microfluidic bioreactor systems.
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136
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Sriraman SK, Aryasomayajula B, Torchilin VP. Barriers to drug delivery in solid tumors. Tissue Barriers 2014; 2:e29528. [PMID: 25068098 PMCID: PMC4106925 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.29528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in the field of drug delivery. The advent of engineered nanoparticles has allowed us to circumvent the initial limitations to drug delivery such as pharmacokinetics and solubility. However, in spite of significant advances to tumor targeting, an effective treatment strategy for malignant tumors still remains elusive. Tumors possess distinct physiological features which allow them to resist traditional treatment approaches. This combined with the complexity of the biological system presents significant hurdles to the site-specific delivery of therapeutic drugs. One of the key features of engineered nanoparticles is that these can be tailored to execute specific functions. With this review, we hope to provide the reader with a clear understanding and knowledge of biological barriers and the methods to exploit these characteristics to design multifunctional nanocarriers, effect useful dosing regimens and subsequently improve therapeutic outcomes in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan Kumar Sriraman
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine; Northeastern University; Boston, MA USA
| | - Bhawani Aryasomayajula
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine; Northeastern University; Boston, MA USA
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine; Northeastern University; Boston, MA USA
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137
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Abouelmagd SA, Hyun H, Yeo Y. Extracellularly activatable nanocarriers for drug delivery to tumors. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1601-1618. [PMID: 24950343 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.930434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery to tumors need to satisfy two seemingly conflicting requirements: they should maintain physical and chemical stability during circulation and be able to interact with target cells and release the drug at desired locations with no substantial delay. The unique microenvironment of tumors and externally applied stimuli provide a useful means to maintain a balance between the two requirements. AREAS COVERED We discuss nanoparticulate drug carriers that maintain stable structures in normal conditions but respond to stimuli for the spatiotemporal control of drug delivery. We first define the desired effects of extracellular activation of NPs and frequently used stimuli and then review the examples of extracellularly activated NPs. EXPERT OPINION Several challenges remain in developing extracellularly activatable NPs. First, some of the stimuli-responsive NPs undergo incremental changes in response to stimuli, losing circulation stability. Second, the applicability of stimuli in clinical settings is limited due to the occasional occurrence of the activating conditions in normal tissues. Third, the construction of stimuli-responsive NPs involves increasing complexity in NP structure and production methods. Future efforts are needed to identify new targeting conditions and increase the contrast between activated and nonactivated NPs while keeping the production methods simple and scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Abouelmagd
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hyesun Hyun
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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138
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Nguyen A, Ho L, Wan Y. Chemotherapy and Oncolytic Virotherapy: Advanced Tactics in the War against Cancer. Front Oncol 2014; 4:145. [PMID: 24967214 PMCID: PMC4052116 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a traitorous archenemy that threatens our survival. Its ability to evade detection and adapt to various cancer therapies means that it is a moving target that becomes increasingly difficult to attack. Through technological advancements, we have developed sophisticated weapons to fight off tumor growth and invasion. However, if we are to stand a chance in this war against cancer, advanced tactics will be required to maximize the use of our available resources. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are multi-functional cancer-fighters that can be engineered to suit many different strategies; in particular, their retooling can facilitate increased capacity for direct tumor killing (oncolytic virotherapy) and elicit adaptive antitumor immune responses (oncolytic immunotherapy). However, administration of these modified OVs alone, rarely induces successful regression of established tumors. This may be attributed to host antiviral immunity that acts to eliminate viral particles, as well as the capacity for tumors to adapt to therapeutic selective pressure. It has been shown that various chemotherapeutic drugs with distinct functional properties can potentiate the antitumor efficacy of OVs. In this review, we summarize the chemotherapeutic combinatorial strategies used to optimize virally induced destruction of tumors. With a particular focus on pharmaceutical immunomodulators, we discuss how specific therapeutic contexts may alter the effects of these synergistic combinations and their implications for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON , Canada
| | - Louisa Ho
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON , Canada
| | - Yonghong Wan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON , Canada
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139
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Pol J, Bloy N, Obrist F, Eggermont A, Galon J, Cremer I, Erbs P, Limacher JM, Preville X, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch:: Oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e28694. [PMID: 25097804 PMCID: PMC4091053 DOI: 10.4161/onci.28694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are natural or genetically modified viral species that selectively infect and kill neoplastic cells. Such an innate or exogenously conferred specificity has generated considerable interest around the possibility to employ oncolytic viruses as highly targeted agents that would mediate cancer cell-autonomous anticancer effects. Accumulating evidence, however, suggests that the therapeutic potential of oncolytic virotherapy is not a simple consequence of the cytopathic effect, but strongly relies on the induction of an endogenous immune response against transformed cells. In line with this notion, superior anticancer effects are being observed when oncolytic viruses are engineered to express (or co-administered with) immunostimulatory molecules. Although multiple studies have shown that oncolytic viruses are well tolerated by cancer patients, the full-blown therapeutic potential of oncolytic virotherapy, especially when implemented in the absence of immunostimulatory interventions, remains unclear. Here, we cover the latest advances in this active area of translational investigation, summarizing high-impact studies that have been published during the last 12 months and discussing clinical trials that have been initiated in the same period to assess the therapeutic potential of oncolytic virotherapy in oncological indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pol
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Paris, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Paris, France
| | - Florine Obrist
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Paris, France
| | | | - Jérôme Galon
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015; CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
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140
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Liu Y, Ran R, Chen J, Kuang Q, Tang J, Mei L, Zhang Q, Gao H, Zhang Z, He Q. Paclitaxel loaded liposomes decorated with a multifunctional tandem peptide for glioma targeting. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4835-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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141
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Zhong Y, Meng F, Deng C, Zhong Z. Ligand-Directed Active Tumor-Targeting Polymeric Nanoparticles for Cancer Chemotherapy. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1955-69. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5003009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory,
and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and
Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory,
and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and
Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Deng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory,
and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and
Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory,
and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and
Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People’s Republic of China
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142
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Tsakalozou E, Adane ED, Liang Y, Arnold SM, Leggas M. Protracted dosing of the lipophilic camptothecin analogue AR-67 in non-small cell lung cancer xenografts and humans. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 74:45-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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143
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Increased tumor targeted delivery using a multistage liposome system functionalized with RGD, TAT and cleavable PEG. Int J Pharm 2014; 468:26-38. [PMID: 24709209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Though PEGylation has been widely used to enhance the accumulation of liposomes in tumor tissues through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects, it still inhibits cellular uptake and affects intracellular trafficking of carriers. Active targeting molecules displayed better cell selectivity but were shadowed by the poor tumor penetration effect. Cell penetrating peptides could increase the uptake of the carriers but were limited by their non-specificity. Dual-ligand system may possess a synergistic effect and create a more ideal drug delivery effect. Based on the above factors, we designed a multistage liposome system co-modified with RGD, TAT and cleavable PEG, which combined the advantages of PEG, specific ligand and penetrating peptide. The cleavable PEG could increase the stability and circulation time of liposomes during circulation. After the passive extravasation to tumor tissues, the previously hidden dual ligands on the liposomes were exposed in a controlled manner at the tumor site through exogenous administration of a safe reducing agent L-cysteine. The RGD specifically recognized the integrins overexpressed on various malignant tumors and mediated efficient internalization in the synergistic effect of the RGD and TAT. Invitro cellular uptake and 3D tumor spheroids penetration studies demonstrated that the system could not only be selectively and efficiently taken up by cells overexpress ingintegrins but also penetrate the tumor cells to reach the depths of the avascular tumor spheroids. In vivo imaging and fluorescent images of tumor section further demonstrated that this system achieved profoundly improved distribution within tumor tissues, and the RGD and TAT ligands on C-R/T liposomes produced a strong synergistic effect that promoted the uptake of liposomes into cells after the systemic administration of L-cysteine. The results of this study demonstrated a tremendous potential of this multistage liposomes for efficient delivery to tumor tissue and selective internalization into tumor cells.
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144
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Kasinskas RW, Venkatasubramanian R, Forbes NS. Rapid uptake of glucose and lactate, and not hypoxia, induces apoptosis in three-dimensional tumor tissue culture. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:399-410. [PMID: 24503640 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The spatial arrangement of cellular metabolism in tumor tissue critically affects the treatment of cancer. However, little is known about how diffusion and cellular uptake relate to intracellular metabolism and cell death in three dimensions. To quantify these mechanisms, fluorescent microscopy and multicellular tumor cylindroids were used to measure pH and oxygen profiles, and quantify the distribution of viable, apoptotic and necrotic cells. Spheroid dissociation, enzymatic analysis, and mass spectrometry were used to measure concentration profiles of glucose, lactate and glutamine. A mathematical model was used to integrate these measurements and calculate metabolic rate parameters. It was found that large cylindroids, >500 μm in diameter, contained apoptotic and necrotic cells, whereas small cylindroids contained apoptotic but not necrotic cells. The center of cylindroids was found to be acidic but not hypoxic. From the edge to the center, concentrations of glucose, lactate and glutamine decreased rapidly. Throughout the cell masses lactate was consumed and not produced. These measurements indicate that apoptosis was the primary mechanism of cell death; acidity was not caused by lactic acid; and cell death was caused by depletion of carbon sources and not hypoxia. The mathematical model showed that the transporter enzymes for glucose and lactate were not saturated; oxygen uptake was limited by intracellular metabolism; and oxygen uptake was not limited by membrane-transport or diffusion. Unsaturated transmembrane uptake may be the cause of both proliferative and apoptotic regimes in cancer. These results suggest that transporter enzymes are excellent targets for treating well oxygenated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel W Kasinskas
- N525 Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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145
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Parseghian MH, Mechetner E, Osidak MS, Domogatskii SP. Application of monoclonal antibodies for the diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of human tumors with a necrotic component. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363214020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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146
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Rosko AE, McColl KS, Zhong F, Ryder CB, Chang MJ, Sattar A, Caimi PF, Hill BT, Al-Harbi S, Almasan A, Distelhorst CW. Acidosis Sensing Receptor GPR65 Correlates with Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Family Member Expression in CLL Cells: Potential Implications for the CLL Microenvironment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 2. [PMID: 25984552 PMCID: PMC4431653 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6917.1000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is generally an acidic environment, yet the effect of extracellular acidosis on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is not well established. Here we are the first to report that the extracellular acid sensing G-protein coupled receptor, GPR65, is expressed in primary CLL cells where its level correlate strongly with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member levels. GPR65 expression is found normally within the lymphoid lineage and has not been previously reported in CLL. We demonstrate a wide range of GPR65 mRNA expression among CLL 87 patient samples. The correlation between GPR65 mRNA levels and Bcl-2 mRNA levels is particularly strong (r=0.8063, p= <0.001). The correlation extends to other anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, Mcl-1 (r=0.4847, p=0.0010) and Bcl-xl (r=0.3411, p=0.0252), although at lower levels of significance. No correlation is detected between GPR65 and levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins BIM, PUMA or NOXA. GPR65 expression also correlates with the favorable prognostic marker of 13q deletion. The present findings suggest the acid sensing receptor GPR65 may be of significance to allow CLL tolerance of extracellular acidosis. The correlation of GPR65 with Bcl-2 suggests a novel cytoprotective mechanism that enables CLL cell adaptation to acidic extracellular conditions. These findings suggest the potential value of targeting GPR65 therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Rosko
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Karen S McColl
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA
| | - Fei Zhong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA
| | - Christopher B Ryder
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA
| | - Ming-Jin Chang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA
| | - Abdus Sattar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paolo F Caimi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA ; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian T Hill
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Ohio, USA
| | - Sayer Al-Harbi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexandru Almasan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Ohio, USA
| | - Clark W Distelhorst
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA ; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Ohio, USA
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Justus CR, Dong L, Yang LV. Acidic tumor microenvironment and pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptors. Front Physiol 2013; 4:354. [PMID: 24367336 PMCID: PMC3851830 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is acidic due to glycolytic cancer cell metabolism, hypoxia, and deficient blood perfusion. It is proposed that acidosis in the tumor microenvironment is an important stress factor and selection force for cancer cell somatic evolution. Acidic pH has pleiotropic effects on the proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic response of cancer cells and the function of immune cells, vascular cells, and other stromal cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which cancer cells and stromal cells sense and respond to acidic pH in the tumor microenvironment are poorly understood. In this article the role of a family of pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in tumor biology is reviewed. Recent studies show that the pH-sensing GPCRs, including GPR4, GPR65 (TDAG8), GPR68 (OGR1), and GPR132 (G2A), regulate cancer cell metastasis and proliferation, immune cell function, inflammation, and blood vessel formation. Activation of the proton-sensing GPCRs by acidosis transduces multiple downstream G protein signaling pathways. Since GPCRs are major drug targets, small molecule modulators of the pH-sensing GPCRs are being actively developed and evaluated. Research on the pH-sensing GPCRs will continue to provide important insights into the molecular interaction between tumor and its acidic microenvironment and may identify new targets for cancer therapy and chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin R Justus
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Lixue Dong
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Li V Yang
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
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Patel NR, Pattni BS, Abouzeid AH, Torchilin VP. Nanopreparations to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1748-62. [PMID: 23973912 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is the most widely exploited phenomenon by which cancer eludes chemotherapy. Broad variety of factors, ranging from the cellular ones, such as over-expression of efflux transporters, defective apoptotic machineries, and altered molecular targets, to the physiological factors such as higher interstitial fluid pressure, low extracellular pH, and formation of irregular tumor vasculature are responsible for multidrug resistance. A combination of various undesirable factors associated with biological surroundings together with poor solubility and instability of many potential therapeutic small & large molecules within the biological systems and systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents has necessitated the need for nano-preparations to optimize drug delivery. The physiology of solid tumors presents numerous challenges for successful therapy. However, it also offers unique opportunities for the use of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles, up to 400 nm in size, have shown great promise for carrying, protecting and delivering potential therapeutic molecules with diverse physiological properties. In this review, various factors responsible for the MDR and the use of nanotechnology to overcome the MDR, the use of spheroid culture as well as the current technique of producing microtumor tissues in vitro are discussed in detail.
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150
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Exploiting nanotechnology to overcome tumor drug resistance: Challenges and opportunities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1731-47. [PMID: 24036273 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells develop resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs through multiple mechanisms. Overexpression of efflux transporters is an important source of drug resistance. Efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein reduce intracellular drug accumulation and compromise drug efficacy. Various nanoparticle-based approaches have been investigated to overcome efflux-mediated resistance. These include the use of formulation excipients that inhibit transporter activity and co-delivery of the anticancer drug with a specific inhibitor of transporter function or expression. However, the effectiveness of nanoparticles can be diminished by poor transport in the tumor tissue. Hence, adjunct therapies that improve the intratumoral distribution of nanoparticles may be vital to the successful application of nanotechnology to overcome tumor drug resistance. This review discusses the mechanisms of tumor drug resistance and highlights the opportunities and challenges in the use of nanoparticles to improve the efficacy of anticancer drugs against resistant tumors.
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