101
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Cullis J, Das S, Bar-Sagi D. Kras and Tumor Immunity: Friend or Foe? Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a031849. [PMID: 29229670 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy as curative treatments in certain tumor types, there has been renewed interest in the relationship between immunity and tumor growth. Although we are gaining a greater understanding of the complex interplay of immune modulating components in the tumor microenvironment, the specific role that tumor cells play in shaping the immune milieu is still not well characterized. In this review, we focus on how mutant Kras tumor cells contribute to tumor immunity, with a specific focus on processes induced directly or indirectly by the oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Shipra Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Dafna Bar-Sagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
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102
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Quaranta V, Rainer C, Nielsen SR, Raymant ML, Ahmed MS, Engle DD, Taylor A, Murray T, Campbell F, Palmer DH, Tuveson DA, Mielgo A, Schmid MC. Macrophage-Derived Granulin Drives Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4253-4269. [PMID: 29789416 PMCID: PMC6076440 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability of disseminated cancer cells to evade the immune response is a critical step for efficient metastatic progression. Protection against an immune attack is often provided by the tumor microenvironment that suppresses and excludes cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive metastatic disease with unmet needs, yet the immunoprotective role of the metastatic tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer is not completely understood. In this study, we find that macrophage-derived granulin contributes to cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell exclusion in metastatic livers. Granulin expression by macrophages was induced in response to colony-stimulating factor 1. Genetic depletion of granulin reduced the formation of a fibrotic stroma, thereby allowing T-cell entry at the metastatic site. Although metastatic PDAC tumors are largely resistant to anti-PD-1 therapy, blockade of PD-1 in granulin-depleted tumors restored the antitumor immune defense and dramatically decreased metastatic tumor burden. These findings suggest that targeting granulin may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to restore CD8+ T-cell infiltration in metastatic PDAC, thereby converting PDAC metastatic tumors, which are refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors, into tumors that respond to immune checkpoint inhibition therapies.Significance: These findings uncover a mechanism by which metastatic PDAC tumors evade the immune response and provide the rationale for targeting granulin in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of metastatic PDAC.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/15/4253/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(15); 4253-69. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Quaranta
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn Rainer
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian R Nielsen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Meirion L Raymant
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad S Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Arthur Taylor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Trish Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel H Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Ainhoa Mielgo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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103
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Ren B, Cui M, Yang G, Wang H, Feng M, You L, Zhao Y. Tumor microenvironment participates in metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:108. [PMID: 30060755 PMCID: PMC6065152 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease with high mortality due to difficulties in its early diagnosis and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment induced by interactions between pancreatic epithelial/cancer cells and stromal cells is critical for pancreatic cancer progression and has been implicated in the failure of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapy. Microenvironment formation requires interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and stromal cells. Components of the pancreatic cancer microenvironment that contribute to desmoplasia and immunosuppression are associated with poor patient prognosis. These components can facilitate desmoplasia and immunosuppression in primary and metastatic sites or can promote metastasis by stimulating angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion/migration, and pre-metastatic niche formation. Some molecules participate in both microenvironment formation and metastasis. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer microenvironment formation and discuss how the pancreatic cancer microenvironment participates in metastasis, representing a potential target for combination therapy to enhance overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
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104
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Burclaff J, Mills JC. Plasticity of differentiated cells in wound repair and tumorigenesis, part I: stomach and pancreas. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm033373. [PMID: 30037967 PMCID: PMC6078397 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For the last century or so, the mature, differentiated cells throughout the body have been regarded as largely inert with respect to their regenerative potential, yet recent research shows that they can become progenitor-like and re-enter the cell cycle. Indeed, we recently proposed that mature cells can become regenerative via a conserved set of molecular mechanisms ('paligenosis'), suggesting that a program for regeneration exists alongside programs for death (apoptosis) and division (mitosis). In two Reviews describing how emerging concepts of cellular plasticity are changing how the field views regeneration and tumorigenesis, we present the commonalities in the molecular and cellular features of plasticity at homeostasis and in response to injury in multiple organs. Here, in part 1, we discuss these advances in the stomach and pancreas. Understanding the extent of cell plasticity and uncovering its underlying mechanisms may help us refine important theories about the origin and progression of cancer, such as the cancer stem cell model, as well as the multi-hit model of tumorigenesis. Ultimately, we hope that the new concepts and perspectives on inherent cellular programs for regeneration and plasticity may open novel avenues for treating or preventing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Burclaff
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology, and Developmental Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jason C Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology, and Developmental Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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105
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Shen X, Cheng G, Xu L, Wu W, Chen Z, Du P. Jumonji AT-rich interactive domain 1B promotes the growth of pancreatic tumors via the phosphatase and tensin homolog/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:267-275. [PMID: 29928411 PMCID: PMC6006380 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Jumonji AT-rich interactive domain 1B (JARID1B) has been revealed to remove methyl residues from methylated lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4) and has also been reported to be associated with the progression of numerous types of tumor. However, its roles and mechanisms in pancreatic cancer (PC) remain unknown. The present study demonstrated that JARID1B is elevated in PC and is associated with the growth of pancreatic tumors. Overexpression of JARID1B significantly promoted the proliferation in vitro and tumor formation in vivo of PC cells. Furthermore, silencing the expression of JARID1B in other PC cells revealed opposite effects. Further research revealed that JARID1B exerted its function through modulation of H3K4me3 at the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene promoter which was associated with inactive PTEN transcription. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to demonstrate that JARID1B promotes the growth of PC and that targeting JARID1B may be a useful strategy to suppress the progression of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Shen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Guilian Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Liming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Zhengrong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Mr. Peng Du, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China, E-mail:
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106
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Annels NE, Arif M, Simpson GR, Denyer M, Moller-Levet C, Mansfield D, Butler R, Shafren D, Au G, Knowles M, Harrington K, Vile R, Melcher A, Pandha H. Oncolytic Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer Using Coxsackie A21 Virus. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2018; 9:1-12. [PMID: 29989024 PMCID: PMC6035483 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a clinical setting in which local live biological therapy is already well established, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) presents intriguing opportunities for oncolytic virotherapy. Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) is a novel intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-targeted immunotherapeutic virus. This study investigated CVA21-induced cytotoxicity in a panel of human bladder cancer cell lines, revealing a range of sensitivities largely correlating with expression of the viral receptor ICAM-1. CVA21 in combination with low doses of mitomycin-C enhanced CVA21 viral replication and oncolysis by increasing surface expression levels of ICAM-1. This was further confirmed using 300-μm precision slices of NMIBC where levels of virus protein expression and induction of apoptosis were enhanced with prior exposure to mitomycin-C. Given the importance of the immunogenicity of dying cancer cells for triggering tumor-specific responses and long-term therapeutic success, the ability of CVA21 to induce immunogenic cell death was investigated. CVA21 induced immunogenic apoptosis in bladder cancer cell lines, as evidenced by expression of the immunogenic cell death (ICD) determinant calreticulin, and HMGB-1 release and the ability to reject MB49 tumors in syngeneic mice after vaccination with MB49 cells undergoing CVA21 induced ICD. Such CVA21 immunotherapy could offer a potentially less toxic, more effective option for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola E. Annels
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Mehreen Arif
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Guy R. Simpson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Mick Denyer
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Carla Moller-Levet
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | | | - Rachel Butler
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Darren Shafren
- Viralytics Limited, Suite 305, Level 3, 66 Hunter Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Gough Au
- Viralytics Limited, Suite 305, Level 3, 66 Hunter Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Margaret Knowles
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James’s University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | - Richard Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Alan Melcher
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
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107
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Veenstra VL, Garcia-Garijo A, van Laarhoven HW, Bijlsma MF. Extracellular Influences: Molecular Subclasses and the Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10020034. [PMID: 29382042 PMCID: PMC5836066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most prevalent form of pancreatic cancer and carries the worst prognosis of all common cancers. Five-year survival rates have not surpassed 6% for some decades and this lack of improvement in outcome urges a better understanding of the PDAC-specific features which contribute to this poor result. One of the most defining features of PDAC known to contribute to its progression is the abundance of non-tumor cells and material collectively known as the stroma. It is now well recognized that the different non-cancer cell types, signalling molecules, and mechanical properties within a tumor can have both tumor-promoting as well as –inhibitory effects. However, the net effect of this intratumour heterogeneity is not well understood. Heterogeneity in the stromal makeup between patients is even less well established. Such intertumour heterogeneity is likely to be affected by the relative contributions of individual stromal constituents, but how these contributions exactly relate to existing classifications that demarcate intertumour heterogeneity in PDAC is not fully known. In this review, we give an overview of the available evidence by delineating the elements of the PDAC stroma and their contribution to tumour growth. We do so by interpreting the heterogeneity at the gene expression level in PDAC, and how stromal elements contribute to, or interconnect, with this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique L Veenstra
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Garcia-Garijo
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hanneke W van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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108
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Dias Carvalho P, Guimarães CF, Cardoso AP, Mendonça S, Costa ÂM, Oliveira MJ, Velho S. KRAS Oncogenic Signaling Extends beyond Cancer Cells to Orchestrate the Microenvironment. Cancer Res 2017; 78:7-14. [PMID: 29263151 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in cancer, being a potent initiator of tumorigenesis, a strong inductor of malignancy, and a predictive biomarker of response to therapy. Despite the large investment to understand the effects of KRAS activation in cancer cells, pharmacologic targeting of KRAS or its downstream effectors has not yet been successful at the clinical level. Recent studies are now describing new mechanisms of KRAS-induced tumorigenesis by analyzing its effects on the components of the tumor microenvironment. These studies revealed that the activation of KRAS on cancer cells extends to the surrounding microenvironment, affecting the properties and functions of its constituents. Herein, we discuss the most emergent perspectives on the relationship between KRAS-mutant cancer cells and their microenvironment components. Cancer Res; 78(1); 7-14. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Dias Carvalho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos F Guimarães
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Cardoso
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Mendonça
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela M Costa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Oliveira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgia Velho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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109
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Long KB, Collier AI, Beatty GL. Macrophages: Key orchestrators of a tumor microenvironment defined by therapeutic resistance. Mol Immunol 2017; 110:3-12. [PMID: 29273393 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages have emerged as promising therapeutic targets in cancer. Within tumor tissue, macrophages foster tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. As the phenotype of macrophages is inherently pliable and dependent on cues received from the surrounding microenvironment, macrophages co-evolve with malignant and other non-malignant cells during cancer progression. In doing so, they establish a microenvironment that is therapeutically resistant and thwarts the productivity of T cell immunosuveillance. Strategies designed to deplete, inhibit, or redirect macrophages with anti-tumor activity are being explored to reverse the pro-tumor properties of macrophages that are commonly observed in cancer. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the mechanisms that regulate macrophage recruitment to tumors, their impact on the tumor microenvironment, and their promise as therapeutic targets for improving the efficacy of cytotoxic- and immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen B Long
- Department of Biology, Mansfield University, Mansfield, PA 16933, USA
| | - Arthur I Collier
- Department of Biology, Mansfield University, Mansfield, PA 16933, USA
| | - Gregory L Beatty
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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110
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Inflammatory Cytokine Signaling during Development of Pancreatic and Prostate Cancers. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:7979637. [PMID: 29379802 PMCID: PMC5742898 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7979637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is essential for many diseases including cancer. Activation and recruitment of immune cells during inflammation result in a cytokine- and chemokine-enriched cell environment, which affects cancer development. Since each type of cancer has its unique tumor environment, effects of cytokines from different sources such as tumor-infiltrating immune cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells, and cancer cells on cancer development can be quite complex. In this review, how immune cells contribute to tumorigenesis of pancreatic and prostate cancers through their secreted cytokines is discussed. In addition, the cytokine signaling that tumor cells of pancreatic and prostate cancers utilize to benefit their own survival is delineated.
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111
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Zhang Y, Yan W, Mathew E, Kane KT, Brannon A, Adoumie M, Vinta A, Crawford HC, Pasca di Magliano M. Epithelial-Myeloid cell crosstalk regulates acinar cell plasticity and pancreatic remodeling in mice. eLife 2017; 6:27388. [PMID: 28980940 PMCID: PMC5690281 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiation of acini to duct-like cells occurs during the physiologic damage response in the pancreas, but this process can be co-opted by oncogenic Kras to drive carcinogenesis. Myeloid cells infiltrate the pancreas during the onset of pancreatic cancer, and promote carcinogenesis. Here, we show that the function of infiltrating myeloid cells is regulated by oncogenic Kras expressed in epithelial cells. In the presence of oncogenic Kras, myeloid cells promote acinar dedifferentiation and carcinogenesis. Upon inactivation of oncogenic Kras, myeloid cells promote re-differentiation of acinar cells, remodeling of the fibrotic stroma and tissue repair. Intriguingly, both aspects of myeloid cell activity depend, at least in part, on activation of EGFR/MAPK signaling, with different subsets of ligands and receptors in different target cells promoting carcinogenesis or repair, respectively. Thus, the cross-talk between epithelial cells and infiltrating myeloid cells determines the balance between tissue repair and carcinogenesis in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Esha Mathew
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Kevin T Kane
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Arthur Brannon
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Maeva Adoumie
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Alekya Vinta
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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112
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Dai JJ, Jiang MJ, Wang XP, Tian L. Inflammation-Related Pancreatic Carcinogenesis: Mechanisms and Clinical Potentials in Advances. Pancreas 2017; 46:973-985. [PMID: 28796135 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has long been considered critical in pancreatic carcinogenesis, and recently studies showed that some anti-inflammatory agents such as aspirin could potentially be used to attenuate pancreatic carcinogenesis. Several inflammation-related critical transcription factors and pathways such as NF-κB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells) and reactive oxygen species have been confirmed to be involved in carcinogenesis. However, its underlying mechanisms are far from clear, which largely limits further development of potential anticarcinogenesis drugs. As a result, it is of great importance for us to better understand and gain a better perspective in inflammation-related pancreatic carcinogenesis. In this review, we systematically analyzed recent advances concerning inflammation-related pancreatic carcinogenesis and brought out the possible underlying mechanisms. Potential preventive and therapeutic strategies based on anti-inflammatory agents have also been further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Dai
- From the *Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, †Institute of Translational Medicine, and ‡Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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113
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Benedicto A, Romayor I, Arteta B. Role of liver ICAM-1 in metastasis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3883-3892. [PMID: 28943897 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like superfamily, consisting of five extracellular Ig-like domains, a transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic tail. ICAM-1 is expressed in various cell types, including endothelial cells and leukocytes, and is involved in several physiological processes. Furthermore, it has additionally been reported to be expressed in various cancer cells, including melanoma, colorectal cancer and lymphoma. The majority of studies to date have focused on the expression of the ICAM-1 on the surface of tumor cells, without research into ICAM-1 expression at sites of metastasis. Cancer cells frequently metastasize to the liver, due to its unique physiology and specialized liver sinusoid capillary network. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells constitutively express ICAM-1, which is upregulated under inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, liver ICAM-1 may be important during the development of liver metastasis. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the understanding of the mechanisms mediated by this adhesion molecule in order to develop host-directed anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Benedicto
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of The Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, E-48940 Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Irene Romayor
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of The Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, E-48940 Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Beatriz Arteta
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of The Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, E-48940 Vizcaya, Spain
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114
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Liou GY, Bastea L, Fleming A, Döppler H, Edenfield BH, Dawson DW, Zhang L, Bardeesy N, Storz P. The Presence of Interleukin-13 at Pancreatic ADM/PanIN Lesions Alters Macrophage Populations and Mediates Pancreatic Tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2017; 19:1322-1333. [PMID: 28514653 PMCID: PMC5510483 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The contributions of the innate immune system to the development of pancreatic cancer are still ill defined. Inflammatory macrophages can initiate metaplasia of pancreatic acinar cells to a duct-like phenotype (acinar-to-ductal metaplasia [ADM]), which then gives rise to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) when oncogenic KRas is present. However, it remains unclear when and how this inflammatory macrophage population is replaced by tumor-promoting macrophages. Here, we demonstrate the presence of interleukin-13 (IL-13), which can convert inflammatory into Ym1+ alternatively activated macrophages, at ADM/PanIN lesions. We further show that Ym1+ macrophages release factors, such as IL-1ra and CCL2, to drive pancreatic fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis. Treatment of mice expressing oncogenic KRas under an acinar cell-specific promoter with a neutralizing antibody for IL-13 significantly decreased the accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages at these lesions, resulting in decreased fibrosis and lesion growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geou-Yarh Liou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ligia Bastea
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Alicia Fleming
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Heike Döppler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - David W Dawson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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115
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Abstract
Acinar cells in the adult pancreas show high plasticity and can undergo transdifferentiation to a progenitor-like cell type with ductal characteristics. This process, termed acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), is an important feature facilitating pancreas regeneration after injury. Data from animal models show that cells that undergo ADM in response to oncogenic signalling are precursors for pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions, which can further progress to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). As human pancreatic adenocarcinoma is often diagnosed at a stage of metastatic disease, understanding the processes that lead to its initiation is important for the discovery of markers for early detection, as well as options that enable an early intervention. Here, the critical determinants of acinar cell plasticity are discussed, in addition to the intracellular and extracellular signalling events that drive acinar cell metaplasia and their contribution to development of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Room 306 Griffin Building, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
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116
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Spira A, Yurgelun MB, Alexandrov L, Rao A, Bejar R, Polyak K, Giannakis M, Shilatifard A, Finn OJ, Dhodapkar M, Kay NE, Braggio E, Vilar E, Mazzilli SA, Rebbeck TR, Garber JE, Velculescu VE, Disis ML, Wallace DC, Lippman SM. Precancer Atlas to Drive Precision Prevention Trials. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1510-1541. [PMID: 28373404 PMCID: PMC6681830 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer development is a complex process driven by inherited and acquired molecular and cellular alterations. Prevention is the holy grail of cancer elimination, but making this a reality will take a fundamental rethinking and deep understanding of premalignant biology. In this Perspective, we propose a national concerted effort to create a Precancer Atlas (PCA), integrating multi-omics and immunity - basic tenets of the neoplastic process. The biology of neoplasia caused by germline mutations has led to paradigm-changing precision prevention efforts, including: tumor testing for mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in Lynch syndrome establishing a new paradigm, combinatorial chemoprevention efficacy in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), signal of benefit from imaging-based early detection research in high-germline risk for pancreatic neoplasia, elucidating early ontogeny in BRCA1-mutation carriers leading to an international breast cancer prevention trial, and insights into the intricate germline-somatic-immunity interaction landscape. Emerging genetic and pharmacologic (metformin) disruption of mitochondrial (mt) respiration increased autophagy to prevent cancer in a Li-Fraumeni mouse model (biology reproduced in clinical pilot) and revealed profound influences of subtle changes in mt DNA background variation on obesity, aging, and cancer risk. The elaborate communication between the immune system and neoplasia includes an increasingly complex cellular microenvironment and dynamic interactions between host genetics, environmental factors, and microbes in shaping the immune response. Cancer vaccines are in early murine and clinical precancer studies, building on the recent successes of immunotherapy and HPV vaccine immune prevention. Molecular monitoring in Barrett's esophagus to avoid overdiagnosis/treatment highlights an important PCA theme. Next generation sequencing (NGS) discovered age-related clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). Ultra-deep NGS reports over the past year have redefined the premalignant landscape remarkably identifying tiny clones in the blood of up to 95% of women in their 50s, suggesting that potentially premalignant clones are ubiquitous. Similar data from eyelid skin and peritoneal and uterine lavage fluid provide unprecedented opportunities to dissect the earliest phases of stem/progenitor clonal (and microenvironment) evolution/diversity with new single-cell and liquid biopsy technologies. Cancer mutational signatures reflect exogenous or endogenous processes imprinted over time in precursors. Accelerating the prevention of cancer will require a large-scale, longitudinal effort, leveraging diverse disciplines (from genetics, biochemistry, and immunology to mathematics, computational biology, and engineering), initiatives, technologies, and models in developing an integrated multi-omics and immunity PCA - an immense national resource to interrogate, target, and intercept events that drive oncogenesis. Cancer Res; 77(7); 1510-41. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew B Yurgelun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ludmil Alexandrov
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Anjana Rao
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Rafael Bejar
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Madhav Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Neil E Kay
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Esteban Braggio
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah A Mazzilli
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victor E Velculescu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary L Disis
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott M Lippman
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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Young MRI. Redirecting the focus of cancer immunotherapy to premalignant conditions. Cancer Lett 2017; 391:83-88. [PMID: 28130162 PMCID: PMC5925415 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in introducing immunological treatment approaches for cancer, with lessons learned from both the successes and failures of immunotherapy. Among the challenges of immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer are the multitudes of mechanisms by which cancers are known to subvert the immune defenses. This has led to the incorporation into the immunotherapeutic arsenal strategies by which to overcome the cancer’s immunological blockades. What has been only superficially explored is the immunological milieu of premalignant lesions and the possibility of immunological approaches for the treatment of premalignant lesions so as to prevent secondary premalignant lesions and their progression to cancer. This review discusses the immunological environment associated with premalignant lesions, and the possible missed opportunity of utilizing immunological treatment strategies in the less hostile environment of premalignant lesions as compared to the immune subversive cancer environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rita I Young
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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118
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Huang C, Li N, Li Z, Chang A, Chen Y, Zhao T, Li Y, Wang X, Zhang W, Wang Z, Luo L, Shi J, Yang S, Ren H, Hao J. Tumour-derived Interleukin 35 promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell extravasation and metastasis by inducing ICAM1 expression. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14035. [PMID: 28102193 PMCID: PMC5253665 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 35 (IL-35) is a novel member of the IL-12 family, consisting of an EBV-induced gene 3 (EBI3) subunit and a P35 subunit. IL-35 is an immune-suppressive cytokine mainly produced by regulatory T cells. However, the role of IL-35 in cancer metastasis and progression is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that IL-35 is overexpressed in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues, and that IL-35 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in PDAC patients. IL-35 has critical roles in PDAC cell extravasation and metastasis by facilitating the adhesion to endothelial cells and transendothelial extravasation. Mechanistically, IL-35 promotes ICAM1 overexpression through a GP130-STAT1 signalling pathway, which facilitates endothelial adhesion and transendothelial migration via an ICAM1-fibrinogen-ICAM1 bridge. In an orthotopic xenograft model, IL-35 promotes spontaneous pancreatic cancer metastasis in an ICAM1-dependent manner. Together, our results indicate additional functions of IL-35 in promoting PDAC metastasis through mediating ICAM1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongbiao Huang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
- Senior Ward, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Zengxun Li
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Antao Chang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tiansuo Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiuchao Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Hepingqu Gynaechology and Obstetrics Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Tianjin Hepingqu Gynaechology and Obstetrics Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Tianjin Hepingqu Gynaechology and Obstetrics Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Tissue Bank, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Shengyu Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - He Ren
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jihui Hao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
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119
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Beatty GL. Overcoming Therapeutic Resistance by Targeting Cancer Inflammation. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 35:e168-73. [PMID: 27249720 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_158948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells are a prominent feature of most solid malignancies. This inflammatory immune response, driven by tumor-intrinsic signaling pathways, is a major checkpoint to therapeutic efficacy achieved with immunotherapy and standard cytotoxic therapies. To overcome therapeutic resistance mediated by cancer inflammation, ongoing clinical trials are evaluating strategies that (1) deplete myeloid cells from tumors, (2) inhibit tumor-promoting properties of myeloid cells, and (3) redirect myeloid cells with tumor-inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Beatty
- From the Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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120
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Zhang Y, Velez-Delgado A, Mathew E, Li D, Mendez FM, Flannagan K, Rhim AD, Simeone DM, Beatty GL, Pasca di Magliano M. Myeloid cells are required for PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint activation and the establishment of an immunosuppressive environment in pancreatic cancer. Gut 2017; 66:124-136. [PMID: 27402485 PMCID: PMC5256390 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is characterised by the accumulation of a fibro-inflammatory stroma. Within this stromal reaction, myeloid cells are a predominant population. Distinct myeloid subsets have been correlated with tumour promotion and unmasking of anti-tumour immunity. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the effect of myeloid cell depletion on the onset and progression of pancreatic cancer and to understand the relationship between myeloid cells and T cell-mediated immunity within the pancreatic cancer microenvironment. METHODS Primary mouse pancreatic cancer cells were transplanted into CD11b-diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) mice. Alternatively, the iKras* mouse model of pancreatic cancer was crossed into CD11b-DTR mice. CD11b+ cells (mostly myeloid cell population) were depleted by diphtheria toxin treatment during tumour initiation or in established tumours. RESULTS Depletion of myeloid cells prevented KrasG12D-driven pancreatic cancer initiation. In pre-established tumours, myeloid cell depletion arrested tumour growth and in some cases, induced tumour regressions that were dependent on CD8+ T cells. We found that myeloid cells inhibited CD8+ T-cell anti-tumour activity by inducing the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumour cells in an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Our results show that myeloid cells support immune evasion in pancreatic cancer through EGFR/MAPK-dependent regulation of PD-L1 expression on tumour cells. Derailing this crosstalk between myeloid cells and tumour cells is sufficient to restore anti-tumour immunity mediated by CD8+ T cells, a finding with implications for the design of immune therapies for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ashley Velez-Delgado
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Esha Mathew
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dongjun Li
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Flor M Mendez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin Flannagan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew D Rhim
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gregory L Beatty
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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121
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Drosos Y, Neale G, Ye J, Paul L, Kuliyev E, Maitra A, Means AL, Washington MK, Rehg J, Finkelstein DB, Sosa-Pineda B. Prox1-Heterozygosis Sensitizes the Pancreas to Oncogenic Kras-Induced Neoplastic Transformation. Neoplasia 2016; 18:172-84. [PMID: 26992918 PMCID: PMC4796801 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current paradigm of pancreatic neoplastic transformation proposes an initial step whereby acinar cells convert into acinar-to-ductal metaplasias, followed by progression of these lesions into neoplasias under sustained oncogenic activity and inflammation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving these processes is crucial to the early diagnostic and prevention of pancreatic cancer. Emerging evidence indicates that transcription factors that control exocrine pancreatic development could have either, protective or facilitating roles in the formation of preneoplasias and neoplasias in the pancreas. We previously identified that the homeodomain transcription factor Prox1 is a novel regulator of mouse exocrine pancreas development. Here we investigated whether Prox1 function participates in early neoplastic transformation using in vivo, in vitro and in silico approaches. We found that Prox1 expression is transiently re-activated in acinar cells undergoing dedifferentiation and acinar-to-ductal metaplastic conversion. In contrast, Prox1 expression is largely absent in neoplasias and tumors in the pancreas of mice and humans. We also uncovered that Prox1-heterozygosis markedly increases the formation of acinar-to-ductal-metaplasias and early neoplasias, and enhances features associated with inflammation, in mouse pancreatic tissues expressing oncogenic Kras. Furthermore, we discovered that Prox1-heterozygosis increases tissue damage and delays recovery from inflammation in pancreata of mice injected with caerulein. These results are the first demonstration that Prox1 activity protects pancreatic cells from acute tissue damage and early neoplastic transformation. Additional data in our study indicate that this novel role of Prox1 involves suppression of pathways associated with inflammatory responses and cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis Drosos
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Department of Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jianming Ye
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Leena Paul
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Emin Kuliyev
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Anirban Maitra
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Anna L Means
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jerold Rehg
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - David B Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Beatriz Sosa-Pineda
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
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122
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Ma Y, Wu Q, Li X, Gu X, Xu J, Yang J. Pancreatic cancer: from bench to bedside. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:458. [PMID: 28090514 PMCID: PMC5220038 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.11.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is recognized as the king of carcinoma, and the gap between basic research and clinical practice is difficult to improve the treatment effect. Translational medicine builds an important bridge between pancreatic cancer basic research and clinical practice from the pathogenesis, early diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma, drug screening, treatment strategies and metastasis prediction. This article will carry on the concrete elaboration to the above several aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaokai Ma
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Gu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiahua Xu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinzu Yang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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123
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Ireland L, Santos A, Ahmed MS, Rainer C, Nielsen SR, Quaranta V, Weyer-Czernilofsky U, Engle DD, Perez-Mancera PA, Coupland SE, Taktak A, Bogenrieder T, Tuveson DA, Campbell F, Schmid MC, Mielgo A. Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Cancer Is Driven by Stroma-Derived Insulin-Like Growth Factors. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6851-6863. [PMID: 27742686 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and myofibroblasts are key drivers in cancer that are associated with drug resistance in many cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which TAM and fibroblasts contribute to chemoresistance is unclear. In this study, we found that TAM and myofibroblasts directly support chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells by secreting insulin-like growth factors (IGF) 1 and 2, which activate insulin/IGF receptors on pancreatic cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of biopsies from patients with pancreatic cancer revealed that 72% of the patients expressed activated insulin/IGF receptors on tumor cells, and this positively correlates with increased CD163+ TAM infiltration. In vivo, we found that TAM and myofibroblasts were the main sources of IGF production, and pharmacologic blockade of IGF sensitized pancreatic tumors to gemcitabine. These findings suggest that inhibition of IGF in combination with chemotherapy could benefit patients with PDAC, and that insulin/IGF1R activation may be used as a biomarker to identify patients for such therapeutic intervention. Cancer Res; 76(23); 6851-63. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Ireland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Almudena Santos
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad S Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn Rainer
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian R Nielsen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Quaranta
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Danielle D Engle
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Pedro A Perez-Mancera
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Azzam Taktak
- Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Bogenrieder
- Medicine and Translational Research, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ainhoa Mielgo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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124
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mohamed A, Saad Y, Saleh D, Elawady R, Eletreby R, Kharalla AS, Badr E. Can Serum ICAM 1 distinguish pancreatic cancer from chronic
pancreatitis? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:4671-4675. [PMID: 27892682 PMCID: PMC5454615 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.10.4671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with an overall 5-year survival of <5% mainly due to presence of advanced disease at time of diagnosis. Therefore development of valid biomarkers to diagnose pancreatic cancer in early stages is an urgent need. This study concerned the sensitivity and specificity of serum ICAM 1 versus CA 19-9 in differentiation between pancreatic cancer and healthy subjects and acohort of patients with chronic pancreatitis with a focus on assessing validity in diagnosis of early stages of pancreatic cancer. Methods: A cohort of 50 patients with histologically diagnosed pancreatic tumors, 27 patients with chronic pancreatitis, and 35 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum samples for measurement of CA19-9 and I-CAM 1 were obtained from all groups and analyzed for significance regarding diagnosis and disease stage. Results: At a cut off value of (878.5 u/ml) I-CAM 1 had 82% and 82.26% sensitivity and specificity for differentiation between cancer and non-cancer cases, with higher sensitivity and specificity than CA19-9 at different cut offs (CA19-9 sensitivity and specificity ranged from 64-80% and 56.4 – 61.2% respectively). The AUC was 0.851 for I-CAM and 0.754 for CA19-9. Neither of the markers demonstrated significance for distinguishing between early and late cancer stages. Conclusion: ICAM 1 is a useful marker in differentiation between malignant and benign pancreatic conditions, and superior to CA19-9 in this regard. However, neither of the markers can be recommended for use in differentiation between early and late stage pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- amal mohamed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
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125
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He M, Peng A, Huang XZ, Shi DC, Wang JC, Zhao Q, Lin H, Kuang DM, Ke PF, Lao XM. Peritumoral stromal neutrophils are essential for c-Met-elicited metastasis in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1219828. [PMID: 27853643 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1219828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a component of tumor progression mechanisms. Neutrophils are a common inflammatory infiltrate in many tumors, but their regulation and functions in neoplasia are not understood. Here, we showed, in detailed studies of c-Met molecule in 225 untreated patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), that high infiltration of neutrophils in HCC tissues determined malignant cell c-Met-associated clinical outcome of patients. High infiltration of neutrophils in HCCs determined malignant cell c-Met-associated clinical outcome of patients. Neutrophils were enriched predominantly in invading tumor edge of HCCs; the accumulated neutrophils were the major source of c-Met ligand HGF in HCCs. Exposure to HCC environments resulted in neutrophil activation and the following HGF production. Inhibiting the activities of Erk1/2, p38, and NF-κB, but not the phosphorylation of AKT or JNK, successfully attenuated the neutrophil HGF production induced by HCC environments. Further investigation revealed that GM-CSF was an important determinant in malignant cell-elicited neutrophil HGF production in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated that tumor neutrophils, via HGF/c-Met interaction, actively enhanced the metastasis of malignant cells in vitro and in vivo. These data provide direct evidence supporting the critical role of neutrophils in human tumor progression and reveal a fine-tuned collaborative action between cancer cells and immune cells in tumor milieu, which reroutes the immune activation into a tumor-promoting direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Anping Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Zhang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dai-Chao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haibiao Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ming Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Feng Ke
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Ming Lao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou, P.R. China
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126
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Daley D, Zambirinis CP, Seifert L, Akkad N, Mohan N, Werba G, Barilla R, Torres-Hernandez A, Hundeyin M, Mani VRK, Avanzi A, Tippens D, Narayanan R, Jang JE, Newman E, Pillarisetty VG, Dustin ML, Bar-Sagi D, Hajdu C, Miller G. γδ T Cells Support Pancreatic Oncogenesis by Restraining αβ T Cell Activation. Cell 2016; 166:1485-1499.e15. [PMID: 27569912 PMCID: PMC5017923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is paramount in pancreatic oncogenesis. We identified a uniquely activated γδT cell population, which constituted ∼40% of tumor-infiltrating T cells in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Recruitment and activation of γδT cells was contingent on diverse chemokine signals. Deletion, depletion, or blockade of γδT cell recruitment was protective against PDA and resulted in increased infiltration, activation, and Th1 polarization of αβT cells. Although αβT cells were dispensable to outcome in PDA, they became indispensable mediators of tumor protection upon γδT cell ablation. PDA-infiltrating γδT cells expressed high levels of exhaustion ligands and thereby negated adaptive anti-tumor immunity. Blockade of PD-L1 in γδT cells enhanced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell infiltration and immunogenicity and induced tumor protection suggesting that γδT cells are critical sources of immune-suppressive checkpoint ligands in PDA. We describe γδT cells as central regulators of effector T cell activation in cancer via novel cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donnele Daley
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Constantinos Pantelis Zambirinis
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lena Seifert
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Neha Akkad
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Navyatha Mohan
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Gregor Werba
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rocky Barilla
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alejandro Torres-Hernandez
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mautin Hundeyin
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Vishnu Raj Kumar Mani
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Antonina Avanzi
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel Tippens
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rajkishen Narayanan
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jung-Eun Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Elliot Newman
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Venu Gopal Pillarisetty
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael Loran Dustin
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Dafna Bar-Sagi
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Cristina Hajdu
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - George Miller
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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127
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Curcumin alleviates renal dysfunction and suppresses inflammation by shifting from M1 to M2 macrophage polarization in daunorubicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Cytokine 2016; 84:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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128
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Hutcheson J, Balaji U, Porembka MR, Wachsmann MB, McCue PA, Knudsen ES, Witkiewicz AK. Immunologic and Metabolic Features of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Define Prognostic Subtypes of Disease. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3606-17. [PMID: 26858311 PMCID: PMC4947442 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is associated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment that supports the growth of the malignancy as well as immune system evasion. Here we examine markers of immunosuppression in PDA within the context of the glycolytic tumor microenvironment, their interrelationship with tumor biology and association with overall survival. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We utilized tissue microarrays consisting of 223 PDA patients annotated for clinical stage, tumor size, lymph node involvement, and survival. Expression of CD163, FoxP3, PD-L1, and MCT4 was assessed by IHC and statistical associations were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Multimarker subtypes were defined by random forest analysis. Mechanistic interactions were evaluated using PDA cell lines and models for myeloid differentiation. RESULTS PDA exhibits discrete expression of CD163, FoxP3, and PD-L1 with modest individual significance. However, combined low expression of these markers was associated with improved prognosis (P = 0.02). PDA tumor cells altered macrophage phenotype and function, which supported enhanced invasiveness in cell-based models. Lactate efflux mediated by MCT4 was associated with, and required for, the selective conversion of myeloid cells. Correspondingly, MCT4 expression correlated with immune markers in PDA cases, and increased the significance of prognostic subtypes (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS There exists a complex interplay between PDA tumor cells and the host immune system wherein immunosuppression is associated with negative outcome. MCT4 expression, representative of the glycolytic state of PDA, contributes to the phenotypic conversion of myeloid cells. Thus, metabolic status of PDA tumors is an important determinant of the immunosuppressive environment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3606-17. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Hutcheson
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Uthra Balaji
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Matthew R Porembka
- Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Megan B Wachsmann
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Peter A McCue
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erik S Knudsen
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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129
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Ng WL, Marinov GK, Liau ES, Lam YL, Lim YY, Ea CK. Inducible RasGEF1B circular RNA is a positive regulator of ICAM-1 in the TLR4/LPS pathway. RNA Biol 2016; 13:861-71. [PMID: 27362560 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1207036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a large class of RNA species formed by the back-splicing of co-linear exons, often within protein-coding transcripts. Despite much progress in the field, it remains elusive whether the majority of circRNAs are merely aberrant splicing by-products with unknown functions, or their production is spatially and temporally regulated to carry out specific biological functions. To date, the majority of circRNAs have been cataloged in resting cells. Here, we identify an LPS-inducible circRNA: mcircRasGEF1B, which is predominantly localized in cytoplasm, shows cell-type specific expression, and has a human homolog with similar properties, hcircRasGEF1B. We show that knockdown of the expression of mcircRasGEF1B reduces LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression. Additionally, we demonstrate that mcircRasGEF1B regulates the stability of mature ICAM-1 mRNAs. These findings expand the inventory of functionally characterized circRNAs with a novel RNA species that may play a critical role in fine-tuning immune responses and protecting cells against microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lun Ng
- a Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Georgi K Marinov
- b Department of Biology , Indiana University Bloomington , Bloomington , IL , USA
| | - Ee Shan Liau
- a Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Yi Lyn Lam
- a Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Yat-Yuen Lim
- a Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Chee-Kwee Ea
- a Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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130
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Porciuncula A, Hajdu C, David G. The Dual Role of Senescence in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 131:1-20. [PMID: 27451122 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of senescence as a tumor suppressor is well established; however, recent evidence has revealed novel paracrine functions for senescent cells in relation to their microenvironment, most notably protumorigenic roles in certain contexts. Senescent cells are capable of altering the inflammatory microenvironment through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which could have important consequences for tumorigenesis. The role of senescent cells in a highly inflammatory cancer like pancreatic cancer is still largely undefined, apart from the fact that senescence abrogation increases tumorigenesis in vivo. This review will summarize our current knowledge of the phenomenon of cellular senescence in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, its overlapping link with inflammation, and some urgent unanswered questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Porciuncula
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - C Hajdu
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - G David
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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131
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Lee JW, Komar CA, Bengsch F, Graham K, Beatty GL. Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Pancreatic Cancer: The KPC Model (LSL-Kras(G12D/+) ;LSL-Trp53(R172H/+) ;Pdx-1-Cre), Its Variants, and Their Application in Immuno-oncology Drug Discovery. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 73:14.39.1-14.39.20. [PMID: 27248578 PMCID: PMC4915217 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) ranks fourth among cancer-related deaths in the United States. For patients with unresectable disease, treatment options are limited and lack curative potential. Preclinical mouse models of PDAC that recapitulate the biology of human pancreatic cancer offer an opportunity for the rational development of novel treatment approaches that may improve patient outcomes. With the recent success of immunotherapy for subsets of patients with solid malignancies, interest is mounting in the possible use of immunotherapy for the treatment of PDAC. Considered in this unit is the value of genetic mouse models for characterizing the immunobiology of PDAC and for investigating novel immunotherapeutics. Several variants of these models are described, all of which may be used in drug development and for providing information on unique aspects of disease biology and therapeutic responsiveness. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae W. Lee
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chad A. Komar
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Fee Bengsch
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kathleen Graham
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gregory L. Beatty
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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132
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Philip PA. Targeting macrophages to treat pancreatic cancer. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17:552-3. [PMID: 27055730 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)00151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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133
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Mutant KRas-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Acinar Cells Upregulates EGFR Signaling to Drive Formation of Pancreatic Precancerous Lesions. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2325-36. [PMID: 26947075 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of pancreatic cancer requires the acquisition of oncogenic KRas mutations and upregulation of growth factor signaling, but the relationship between these is not well established. Here, we show that mutant KRas alters mitochondrial metabolism in pancreatic acinar cells, resulting in increased generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS). Mitochondrial ROS then drives the dedifferentiation of acinar cells to a duct-like progenitor phenotype and progression to PanIN. This is mediated via the ROS-receptive kinase protein kinase D1 and the transcription factors NF-κB1 and NF-κB2, which upregulate expression of the epidermal growth factor, its ligands, and their sheddase ADAM17. In vivo, interception of KRas-mediated generation of mROS reduced the formation of pre-neoplastic lesions. Hence, our data provide insight into how oncogenic KRas interacts with growth factor signaling to induce the formation of pancreatic cancer.
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134
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Cancer Stem Cells and Macrophages: Implications in Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Strategies. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9012369. [PMID: 26980947 PMCID: PMC4769767 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9012369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a unique subset of cells within tumors with stemlike properties that have been proposed to be key drivers of tumor initiation and progression. CSCs are functionally defined by their unlimited self-renewal capacity and their ability to initiate tumor formation in vivo. Like normal stem cells, CSCs exist in a cellular niche comprised of numerous cell types including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) which provides a unique microenvironment to protect and promote CSC functions. TAMs provide pivotal signals to promote CSC survival, self-renewal, maintenance, and migratory ability, and in turn, CSCs deliver tumor-promoting cues to TAMs that further enhance tumorigenesis. Studies in the last decade have aimed to understand the molecular mediators of CSCs and TAMs, and recent advances have begun to elucidate the complex cross talk that occurs between these two cell types. In this review, we discuss the molecular interactions that define CSC-TAM cross talk at each stage of tumor progression and examine the clinical implications of targeting these interactions.
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135
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Downregulation of human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 attenuates the metastatic ability in human breast cancer cell lines. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:1541-8. [PMID: 26751847 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a cell surface glycoprotein that belongs to immunoglobulin superfamily and plays an important role in tumor cell expansion or metastasis. However, the detailed mechanisms of ICAM-1 in breast cancer remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the expression level of ICAM-1 in breast cancer using tissue microarray and clinical tissue specimens by immunohistochemical method, and the results revealed that ICAM-1 is highly expressed in the breast cancer tissues. To investigate whether ICAM-1 can affect the metastasis ability in breast cancer, we knocked down ICAM-1 expression in breast cancer cell line MCF-7 by using lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi). As a result, we stably silenced ICAM-1 expression in MCF-7 cells by infection with lentivirus expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), the change of metastatic ability of MCF-7 cells was assessed by wound-healing assay, Transwell assay or clone formation assay. Our results showed that silencing of ICAM-1 can inhibit the metastatic ability of MCF-7 cell lines in vitro significantly, and the decreased migration and invasion was accompanied by a reduction of MMP-14. These results implying that ICAM-1 might be involved in the progression of breast cancer metastasis and lentivirus-mediated silencing of ICAM-1 might be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of breast cancer.
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136
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Macrophages and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2015; 381:211-6. [PMID: 26708507 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages make up part of the innate immune system and provide one of the first defenses against variety of treats. Macrophages can also modulate the adaptive immune system. Efficient sensing and response to tissue environmental cues highlights the complexity and dynamic nature of macrophages and their plasticity. Macrophages may have divergent roles depending on their polarity and stimulus received. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the critical role played by macrophages in tumor initiation, development, and progression. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and their role in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In addition, we give an overview on recent advances related to the therapeutic implication associated with targeting TAMs in pancreas cancer.
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137
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Rosati A, Basile A, D'Auria R, d'Avenia M, De Marco M, Falco A, Festa M, Guerriero L, Iorio V, Parente R, Pascale M, Marzullo L, Franco R, Arra C, Barbieri A, Rea D, Menichini G, Hahne M, Bijlsma M, Barcaroli D, Sala G, di Mola FF, di Sebastiano P, Todoric J, Antonucci L, Corvest V, Jawhari A, Firpo MA, Tuveson DA, Capunzo M, Karin M, De Laurenzi V, Turco MC. BAG3 promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth by activating stromal macrophages. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8695. [PMID: 26522614 PMCID: PMC4659838 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and death rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have increased in recent years, therefore the identification of novel targets for treatment is extremely important. Interactions between cancer and stromal cells are critically involved in tumour formation and development of metastasis. Here we report that PDAC cells secrete BAG3, which binds and activates macrophages, inducing their activation and the secretion of PDAC supporting factors. We also identify IFITM-2 as a BAG3 receptor and show that it signals through PI3K and the p38 MAPK pathways. Finally, we show that the use of an anti-BAG3 antibody results in reduced tumour growth and prevents metastasis formation in three different mouse models. In conclusion, we identify a paracrine loop involved in PDAC growth and metastatic spreading, and show that an anti-BAG3 antibody has therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rosati
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Fisciano, Salerno
84084, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno,
Baronissi, Salerno
84081, Italy
| | - Anna Basile
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Fisciano, Salerno
84084, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno,
Baronissi, Salerno
84081, Italy
| | - Raffaella D'Auria
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Fisciano, Salerno
84084, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Biomedicine “A.
Leone”, University of Salerno, Fisciano,
Salerno
84084, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonia Falco
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Fisciano, Salerno
84084, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Biomedicine “A.
Leone”, University of Salerno, Fisciano,
Salerno
84084, Italy
| | - Michelina Festa
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Fisciano, Salerno
84084, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Biomedicine “A.
Leone”, University of Salerno, Fisciano,
Salerno
84084, Italy
| | - Luana Guerriero
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Fisciano, Salerno
84084, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Biomedicine “A.
Leone”, University of Salerno, Fisciano,
Salerno
84084, Italy
| | - Vittoria Iorio
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Fisciano, Salerno
84084, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno,
Baronissi, Salerno
84081, Italy
| | | | - Maria Pascale
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Fisciano, Salerno
84084, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Biomedicine “A.
Leone”, University of Salerno, Fisciano,
Salerno
84084, Italy
| | - Liberato Marzullo
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Fisciano, Salerno
84084, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno,
Baronissi, Salerno
84081, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumouri Fondazione
“G. Pascale”, Naples
81100, Italy
| | - Claudio Arra
- Animal facility, Istituto Nazionale Tumouri Fondazione
“G. Pascale”, Naples
81100, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbieri
- Animal facility, Istituto Nazionale Tumouri Fondazione
“G. Pascale”, Naples
81100, Italy
| | - Domenica Rea
- Animal facility, Istituto Nazionale Tumouri Fondazione
“G. Pascale”, Naples
81100, Italy
| | - Giulio Menichini
- Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Oncology, Careggi
University Hospital, Florence
50139, Italy
| | - Michael Hahne
- Institut de Génétique
Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR5535,
Montpellier
34293, France
| | - Maarten Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Academic
Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Barcaroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche,
University “G. d'Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara,
Centro Studi sull'Invecchiamento, CeSI-MeT, Chieti
66100, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche,
University “G. d'Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara,
Centro Studi sull'Invecchiamento, CeSI-MeT, Chieti
66100, Italy
| | | | | | - Jelena Todoric
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction,
Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, UCSD, School of Medicine,
San Diego, California
92093-0723, USA
| | - Laura Antonucci
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction,
Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, UCSD, School of Medicine,
San Diego, California
92093-0723, USA
| | | | - Anass Jawhari
- CALIXAR, Bioparc, Bâtiment Laënnec,
Lyon
69008, France
| | - Matthew A Firpo
- Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of
Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
84132, USA
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring
Harbor, New York
11724, USA
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno,
Baronissi, Salerno
84081, Italy
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction,
Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, UCSD, School of Medicine,
San Diego, California
92093-0723, USA
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Fisciano, Salerno
84084, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche,
University “G. d'Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara,
Centro Studi sull'Invecchiamento, CeSI-MeT, Chieti
66100, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Turco
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Fisciano, Salerno
84084, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno,
Baronissi, Salerno
84081, Italy
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138
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West NR, McCuaig S, Franchini F, Powrie F. Emerging cytokine networks in colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 15:615-29. [PMID: 26358393 DOI: 10.1038/nri3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine networks are crucial aspects of tumour immunology, particularly for colorectal cancer (CRC), in which inflammation and antitumour immunity are key determinants of disease progression. In this Review, we highlight new insights into the functions of well-known cytokines in CRC, describe recently discovered roles for a growing number of novel players, and emphasize the complexity and therapeutic implications of the cytokine milieu. We also discuss how cancer mutations and epigenetic adaptations influence the oncogenic potential of cytokines, a relatively unexplored area that could yield crucial insights into tumour immunology and facilitate the effective application of cytokine-modulatory therapies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R West
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sarah McCuaig
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Fanny Franchini
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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139
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Lahmar Q, Keirsse J, Laoui D, Movahedi K, Van Overmeire E, Van Ginderachter JA. Tissue-resident versus monocyte-derived macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1865:23-34. [PMID: 26145884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-promoting role of macrophages has been firmly established in most cancer types. However, macrophage identity has been a matter of debate, since several levels of complexity result in considerable macrophage heterogeneity. Ontogenically, tissue-resident macrophages derive from yolk sac progenitors which either directly or via a fetal liver monocyte intermediate differentiate into distinct macrophage types during embryogenesis and are maintained throughout life, while a disruption of the steady state mobilizes monocytes and instructs the formation of monocyte-derived macrophages. Histologically, the macrophage phenotype is heavily influenced by the tissue microenvironment resulting in molecularly and functionally distinct macrophages in distinct organs. Finally, a change in the tissue microenvironment as a result of infectious or sterile inflammation instructs different modes of macrophage activation. These considerations are relevant in the context of tumors, which can be considered as sites of chronic sterile inflammation encompassing subregions with distinct environmental conditions (for example, hypoxic versus normoxic). Here, we discuss existing evidence on the role of macrophage subpopulations in steady state tissue and primary tumors of the breast, lung, pancreas, brain and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qods Lahmar
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jiri Keirsse
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Damya Laoui
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kiavash Movahedi
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Van Overmeire
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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140
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Maguire G, Friedman P. Systems biology approach to developing S 2RM-based “systems therapeutics” and naturally induced pluripotent stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:745-756. [PMID: 26029345 PMCID: PMC4444614 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i4.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The degree to, and the mechanisms through, which stem cells are able to build, maintain, and heal the body have only recently begun to be understood. Much of the stem cell’s power resides in the release of a multitude of molecules, called stem cell released molecules (SRM). A fundamentally new type of therapeutic, namely “systems therapeutic”, can be realized by reverse engineering the mechanisms of the SRM processes. Recent data demonstrates that the composition of the SRM is different for each type of stem cell, as well as for different states of each cell type. Although systems biology has been successfully used to analyze multiple pathways, the approach is often used to develop a small molecule interacting at only one pathway in the system. A new model is emerging in biology where systems biology is used to develop a new technology acting at multiple pathways called “systems therapeutics”. A natural set of healing pathways in the human that uses SRM is instructive and of practical use in developing systems therapeutics. Endogenous SRM processes in the human body use a combination of SRM from two or more stem cell types, designated as S2RM, doing so under various state dependent conditions for each cell type. Here we describe our approach in using state-dependent SRM from two or more stem cell types, S2RM technology, to develop a new class of therapeutics called “systems therapeutics.” Given the ubiquitous and powerful nature of innate S2RM-based healing in the human body, this “systems therapeutic” approach using S2RM technology will be important for the development of anti-cancer therapeutics, antimicrobials, wound care products and procedures, and a number of other therapeutics for many indications.
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141
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Pandol SJ, Edderkaoui M. What are the macrophages and stellate cells doing in pancreatic adenocarcinoma? Front Physiol 2015; 6:125. [PMID: 26029109 PMCID: PMC4432577 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease characterized by a dense desmoplastic stroma. Chemo- and radio-therapeutic strategies based on targeting cancer cells have failed in improving the outcome of this cancer suggesting important roles for stroma in therapy resistance. Cells in the tumor stroma have been shown to regulate proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and treatments, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness of cancer cells. Stellate cells in their activated state have been thought over the past decade to only have tumor promoting roles. However, recent findings suggest that stellate cells may have protective roles as well. The present review highlights the latest findings on the role of two major components of tumor stroma, pancreatic stellate cells and macrophages, in promoting or inhibiting pancreatic cancer, focused on their effects on EMT and cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Pandol
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mouad Edderkaoui
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
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142
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Liou GY, Storz P. Inflammatory macrophages in pancreatic acinar cell metaplasia and initiation of pancreatic cancer. Oncoscience 2015; 2:247-51. [PMID: 25897428 PMCID: PMC4394130 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of inflammatory macrophages in pancreatic tissue and the development of pancreatic cancer have not been well characterized. Recently it was shown that inflammatory macrophages, besides their function in clearing dead cells, also initiate pancreatic acinar cell metaplasia to duct-like progenitor cells. While in pancreatitis this is a reversible process, in context of an oncogenic stimulus this process is irreversible and can lead to the formation of precancerous lesions. Recent work now indicates that acquisition of an activating Kras mutation in acinar cells initiates signaling that leads to chemoattraction of M1-poliarized macrophages. This oncogene-caused chronic microinflammation can accelerate the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geou-Yarh Liou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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143
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Storz P. The crosstalk between acinar cells with Kras mutations and M1-polarized macrophages leads to initiation of pancreatic precancerous lesions. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1008794. [PMID: 26155420 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1008794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on the processes that lead to the development of pancreatic cancer indicate that inflammatory macrophages have key functions in the initiation of pre-neoplastic lesions. Specifically, acquisition of an activating Kras mutation in pancreatic acinar cells leads to upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which serves as a chemoattractant for M1-polarized macrophages. M1 macrophages then contribute to acinar cell metaplasia and development of precancerous lesions through inflammatory cytokines and secreted proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology; Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic ; Jacksonville, FL, USA
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144
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Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterized by advanced stage desmoplastic tumors with a high prevalence of genetic abnormalities. Occurrence of PDA is linked to activating Kras mutations and aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, leading to additional activation of wild-type Kras. As Kras is difficult to target, there is a constant need to identify novel targets acting downstream of this molecule in driving the formation or progression of PDA. Recently, it was shown that protein kinase D enzymes not only are increasingly expressed in PDA but also causatively linked to the development and progression of this cancer. They act downstream of both mutant Kras and growth factors and therefore may represent ideal novel targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Storz
- Correspondence to: Peter Storz, Mayo Clinic, Department of Cancer Biology, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. Tel: 904 953-6909, Fax: 904 953-0277,
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