101
|
Wright SCE, Vasilevski N, Serra V, Rodon J, Eichhorn PJA. Mechanisms of Resistance to PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer: Adaptive Responses, Drug Tolerance and Cellular Plasticity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071538. [PMID: 33810522 PMCID: PMC8037590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays a central role in the regulation of several signalling cascades which regulate biological processes such as cellular growth, survival, proliferation, motility and angiogenesis. The hyperactivation of this pathway is linked to tumour progression and is one of the most common events in human cancers. Additionally, aberrant activation of the PI3K pathway has been demonstrated to limit the effectiveness of a number of anti-tumour agents paving the way for the development and implementation of PI3K inhibitors in the clinic. However, the overall effectiveness of these compounds has been greatly limited by inadequate target engagement due to reactivation of the pathway by compensatory mechanisms. Herein, we review the common adaptive responses that lead to reactivation of the PI3K pathway, therapy resistance and potential strategies to overcome these mechanisms of resistance. Furthermore, we highlight the potential role in changes in cellular plasticity and PI3K inhibitor resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Christine Elisabeth Wright
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia;
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.C.E.W.); (N.V.)
| | - Natali Vasilevski
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia;
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.C.E.W.); (N.V.)
| | - Violeta Serra
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jordi Rodon
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Investigational Cancer Therapeutics Department, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Pieter Johan Adam Eichhorn
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia;
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Li X, Shi L, Li Y, Li Q, Duan X, Wang Y, Li Q. The enhanced treatment efficacy of invasive brain glioma by dual-targeted artemether plus paclitaxel micelles. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 48:983-996. [PMID: 32524852 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1773489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
High grade-gliomas are highly invasive and prone to metastasis, leading to poor survival and prognosis. Currently, we urgently need a new treatment strategy to effectively inhibit glioma. In this study, artemether and paclitaxel were used as two agents for tumour suppression. Two functional materials were synthesised and modified on the surface of the micelle as targeting molecules. The addition of two functional materials confers the ability of the micelles to effectively cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and then target the glioma cells. Thus, this dual-targeted delivery system allows the drug to play a better role in inhibiting tumour invasion and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) channels. In this paper, the anticancer effects of dual-targeted artemether plus paclitaxel micelles on glioma U87 cells were studied in three aspects: (I) In vitro and in vivo targeting assessment, including the role of penetrating BBB and targeting glioma; (II) In vitro regulation of invasion-associated proteins; (III) Inhibition of VM channels formation and invasion in vitro; (IV) The study of pharmacodynamics in tumour-bearing mice. These results suggest that dual-targeted artemether plus paclitaxel micelle may provide a new strategy to treat glioma via inhibiting invasive and VM channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Li
- Research Center for Engineering (Technology) of Traditional Chinese Medicine Microemulsions and New Biological Preparations, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Luanxia Shi
- Research Center for Engineering (Technology) of Traditional Chinese Medicine Microemulsions and New Biological Preparations, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yandong Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affilated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinqing Li
- Research Center for Engineering (Technology) of Traditional Chinese Medicine Microemulsions and New Biological Preparations, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiujun Duan
- Research Center for Engineering (Technology) of Traditional Chinese Medicine Microemulsions and New Biological Preparations, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- Research Center for Engineering (Technology) of Traditional Chinese Medicine Microemulsions and New Biological Preparations, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qingshan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Targeting SHIP1 and SHIP2 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040890. [PMID: 33672717 PMCID: PMC7924360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Phosphoinositol signaling pathways and their dysregulation have been shown to have a fundamental role in health and disease, respectively. The SH2-containing 5′ inositol phosphatases, SHIP1 and SHIP2, are regulators of the PI3K/AKT pathway that have crucial roles in cancer progression. This review aims to summarize the role of SHIP1 and SHIP2 in cancer signaling and the immune response to cancer, the discovery and use of SHIP inhibitors and agonists as possible cancer therapeutics. Abstract Membrane-anchored and soluble inositol phospholipid species are critical mediators of intracellular cell signaling cascades. Alterations in their normal production or degradation are implicated in the pathology of a number of disorders including cancer and pro-inflammatory conditions. The SH2-containing 5′ inositol phosphatases, SHIP1 and SHIP2, play a fundamental role in these processes by depleting PI(3,4,5)P3, but also by producing PI(3,4)P2 at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. With the intent of targeting SHIP1 or SHIP2 selectively, or both paralogs simultaneously, small molecule inhibitors and agonists have been developed and tested in vitro and in vivo over the last decade in various disease models. These studies have shown promising results in various pre-clinical models of disease including cancer and tumor immunotherapy. In this review the potential use of SHIP inhibitors in cancer is discussed with particular attention to the molecular structure, binding site and efficacy of these SHIP inhibitors.
Collapse
|
104
|
Chauhan AF, Cheson BD. Copanlisib in the Treatment of Relapsed Follicular Lymphoma: Utility and Experience from the Clinic. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:677-692. [PMID: 33531838 PMCID: PMC7846853 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s201024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is ubiquitous to multiple cellular processes and is intricately implicated in lymphomagenesis. The development of PI3K inhibitors has broadened treatment options for relapsed and/or refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) and currently three PI3K inhibitors have been approved in the third-line setting for FL, including idelalisib (oral), duvelisib (oral), and copanlisib (intravenous), with other agents under investigation. In this review, we discuss the clinical advance of copanlisib through preclinical to Phase III trials, its unique cellular targets and side effect profile that have poised it as a safer and equally efficacious option when compared to the older-generation oral PI3Kis, and its utility to the clinician as part of the therapeutic armamentarium for relapsed and/or refractory FL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi F Chauhan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Bruce D Cheson
- Scientific Advisory Board, Lymphoma Research Foundation, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Zhang M, Jang H, Nussinov R. PI3K Driver Mutations: A Biophysical Membrane-Centric Perspective. Cancer Res 2021; 81:237-247. [PMID: 33046444 PMCID: PMC7855922 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ras activates its effectors at the membrane. Active PI3Kα and its associated kinases/phosphatases assemble at membrane regions enriched in signaling lipids. In contrast, the Raf kinase domain extends into the cytoplasm and its assembly is away from the crowded membrane surface. Our structural membrane-centric outlook underscores the spatiotemporal principles of membrane and signaling lipids, which helps clarify PI3Kα activation. Here we focus on mechanisms of activation driven by PI3Kα driver mutations, spotlighting the PI3Kα double (multiple) activating mutations. Single mutations can be potent, but double mutations are stronger: their combination is specific, a single strong driver cannot fully activate PI3K, and two weak drivers may or may not do so. In contrast, two strong drivers may successfully activate PI3K, where one, for example, H1047R, modulates membrane interactions facilitating substrate binding at the active site (km) and the other, for example, E542K and E545K, reduces the transition state barrier (ka), releasing autoinhibition by nSH2. Although mostly unidentified, weak drivers are expected to be common, so we ask here how common double mutations are likely to be and why PI3Kα with double mutations responds effectively to inhibitors. We provide a structural view of hotspot and weak driver mutations in PI3Kα activation, explain their mechanisms, compare these with mechanisms of Raf activation, and point to targeting cell-specific, chromatin-accessible, and parallel (or redundant) pathways to thwart the expected emergence of drug resistance. Collectively, our biophysical outlook delineates activation and highlights the challenges of drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Zhang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland.
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Proteomic Resistance Biomarkers for PI3K Inhibitor in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Models. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123857. [PMID: 33371187 PMCID: PMC7765949 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The objective of this study is to identify potential proteomic biomarkers in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) that associate with response to PI3K inhibitors which are in clinical trials. We tested a panel of TNBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models for their tumor growth response to a pan-PI3K inhibitor, BKM120. Proteomic analyses by reverse phase protein array (RPPA) of 182 markers were performed on baseline and post short-term treatment PDX samples, to correlate with tumor growth response. We identified several baseline and treatment induced proteomic biomarkers in association with resistance. These results provide important insights for the development of PI3K inhibitors in TNBC. Abstract PI3K pathway activation is frequently observed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, single agent PI3K inhibitors have shown limited anti-tumor activity. To investigate biomarkers of response and resistance mechanisms, we tested 17 TNBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models representing diverse genomic backgrounds and varying degrees of PI3K pathway signaling activities for their tumor growth response to the pan-PI3K inhibitor, BKM120. Baseline and post-treatment PDX tumors were subjected to reverse phase protein array (RPPA) to identify protein markers associated with tumor growth response. While BKM120 consistently reduced PI3K pathway activity, as demonstrated by reduced levels of phosphorylated AKT, percentage tumor growth inhibition (%TGI) ranged from 35% in the least sensitive to 84% in the most sensitive model. Several biomarkers showed significant association with resistance, including elevated baseline levels of growth factor receptors (EGFR, pHER3 Y1197), PI3Kp85 regulatory subunit, anti-apoptotic protein BclXL, EMT (Vimentin, MMP9, IntegrinaV), NFKB pathway (IkappaB, RANKL), and intracellular signaling molecules including Caveolin, CBP, and KLF4, as well as treatment-induced increases in the levels of phosphorylated forms of Aurora kinases. Interestingly, increased AKT phosphorylation or PTEN loss at baseline were not significantly correlated to %TGI. These results provide important insights into biomarker development for PI3K inhibitors in TNBC.
Collapse
|
107
|
Jhaveri K, Chang MT, Juric D, Saura C, Gambardella V, Melnyk A, Patel MR, Ribrag V, Ma CX, Aljumaily R, Bedard PL, Sachdev JC, Dunn L, Won H, Bond J, Jones S, Savage HM, Scaltriti M, Wilson TR, Wei MC, Hyman DM. Phase I Basket Study of Taselisib, an Isoform-Selective PI3K Inhibitor, in Patients with PIK3CA-Mutant Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:447-459. [PMID: 33148674 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Somatic mutations in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), which encodes the p110α catalytic subunit of PI3K, are found in multiple human cancers. While recurrent mutations in PIK3CA helical, regulatory, and kinase domains lead to constitutive PI3K pathway activation, other mutations remain uncharacterized. To further evaluate their clinical actionability, we designed a basket study for patients with PIK3CA-mutant cancers with the isoform-specific PI3K inhibitor taselisib. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were enrolled on the basis of local PIK3CA mutation testing into one of 11 histology-specific cohorts and treated with taselisib at 6 or 4 mg daily until progression. Tumor DNA from baseline and progression (when available) was sequenced using a next-generation sequencing panel. Exploratory analyses correlating genomic alterations with treatment outcomes were performed. RESULTS A total of 166 patients with PIK3CA-mutant cancers were enrolled. The confirmed response rate was 9%. Activity varied by tumor type and mutant allele, with confirmed responses observed in head and neck squamous (15.4%), cervical (10%), and other cancers, plus in tumors containing helical domain mutations. Genomic analyses identified mutations potentially associated with resistance to PI3K inhibition upfront (TP53 and PTEN) and postprogression through reactivation of the PI3K pathway (PTEN, STK11, and PIK3R1). Higher rates of dose modification occurred at higher doses of taselisib, indicating a narrow therapeutic index. CONCLUSIONS Taselisib had limited activity in the tumor types tested and is no longer in development. This genome-driven study improves understanding of the activity, limitations, and resistance mechanisms of using PI3K inhibitors as monotherapy to target PIK3CA-mutant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Komal Jhaveri
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Hospital, New York, New York. .,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - Dejan Juric
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cristina Saura
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentina Gambardella
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valencia, and CIBERONC, Valencia/Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Manish R Patel
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarasota, Florida
| | | | - Cynthia X Ma
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Raid Aljumaily
- University of Oklahoma - Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Philippe L Bedard
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lara Dunn
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Helen Won
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Hospital, New York, New York
| | - John Bond
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Hospital, New York, New York
| | | | | | - David M Hyman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Hospital, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Hao P, Yu J, Ward R, Liu Y, Hao Q, An S, Xu T. Eukaryotic translation initiation factors as promising targets in cancer therapy. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:175. [PMID: 33148274 PMCID: PMC7640403 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) in eukaryotic cells is critical for gene expression, and occurs principally at the initiation phase which is mainly regulated by eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs). eIFs are fundamental for the translation of mRNA and as such act as the primary targets of several signaling pathways to regulate gene expression. Mis-regulated mRNA expression is a common feature of tumorigenesis and the abnormal activity of eIF complexes triggered by upstream signaling pathways is detected in many tumors, leading to the selective translation of mRNA encoding proteins involved in tumorigenesis, metastasis, or resistance to anti-cancer drugs, and making eIFs a promising therapeutic target for various types of cancers. Here, we briefly outline our current understanding of the biology of eIFs, mainly focusing on the effects of several signaling pathways upon their functions and discuss their contributions to the initiation and progression of tumor growth. An overview of the progress in developing agents targeting the components of translation machinery for cancer treatment is also provided. Video abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Hao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China.,Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Richard Ward
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Yin Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qiao Hao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Su An
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Tianrui Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Beer PA, Cooke SL, Chang DK, Biankin AV. Defining the clinical genomic landscape for real-world precision oncology. Genomics 2020; 112:5324-5330. [PMID: 33144218 PMCID: PMC7758710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Through the delivery of large international projects including ICGC and TCGA, knowledge of cancer genomics is reaching saturation point. Enabling this to improve patient outcomes now requires embedding comprehensive genomic profiling into routine oncology practice. Towards this goal, this study defined the biologically and clinically relevant genomic features of adult cancer through detailed curation and analysis of large genomic datasets, accumulated literature and biomarker-driven therapeutics in clinic and development. The characteristics and prevalence of these features were then interrogated in 2348 whole genome sequences, covering 21 solid tumour types, generated by the PCAWG project. This analysis highlights the predominant contribution of copy number alterations and identifies a critical role for disruptive structural variants in the inactivation of clinically important tumour suppressor genes, including PTEN and RB1, which are not currently captured by diagnostic assays. This study defines a set of essential genomic features for the characterisation of common adult cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Beer
- Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, Scotland G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Susanna L Cooke
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, Scotland G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - David K Chang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, Scotland G61 1QH, United Kingdom; West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, Scotland G61 1QH, United Kingdom; West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom; South Western Sydney Clinical School, Goulburn, St, Liverpool NSW, 2170, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Abstract
Predictive biomarkers can facilitate optimal patient selection for targeted cancer therapies. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Ros et al. show the utility of noninvasive metabolic imaging of labeled carbon transfer from pyruvate to lactate to detect early response and FOXM1-mediated resistance to PI3K inhibition in estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alissandra L Hillis
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Alex Toker
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Ros S, Wright AJ, D'Santos P, Hu DE, Hesketh RL, Lubling Y, Georgopoulou D, Lerda G, Couturier DL, Razavi P, Pelossof R, Batra AS, Mannion E, Lewis DY, Martin A, Baird RD, Oliveira M, de Boo LW, Linn SC, Scaltriti M, Rueda OM, Bruna A, Caldas C, Brindle KM. Metabolic Imaging Detects Resistance to PI3Kα Inhibition Mediated by Persistent FOXM1 Expression in ER + Breast Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:516-533.e9. [PMID: 32976773 PMCID: PMC7562820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PIK3CA, encoding the PI3Kα isoform, is the most frequently mutated oncogene in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors are used clinically but intrinsic and acquired resistance limits their utility. Improved selection of patients that will benefit from these drugs requires predictive biomarkers. We show here that persistent FOXM1 expression following drug treatment is a biomarker of resistance to PI3Kα inhibition in ER+ breast cancer. FOXM1 drives expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) but not hexokinase 2 (HK-II). The downstream metabolic changes can therefore be detected using MRI of LDH-catalyzed hyperpolarized 13C label exchange between pyruvate and lactate but not by positron emission tomography measurements of HK-II-mediated trapping of the glucose analog 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose. Rapid assessment of treatment response in breast cancer using this imaging method could help identify patients that benefit from PI3Kα inhibition and design drug combinations to counteract the emergence of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ros
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Alan J Wright
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paula D'Santos
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - De-En Hu
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard L Hesketh
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yaniv Lubling
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dimitra Georgopoulou
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giulia Lerda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominique-Laurent Couturier
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pedram Razavi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, X and Department of Pathology, Y and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rapahel Pelossof
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, X and Department of Pathology, Y and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ankita S Batra
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth Mannion
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Y Lewis
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alistair Martin
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard D Baird
- Breast Cancer Research Programme, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mafalda Oliveira
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonora W de Boo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine C Linn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, X and Department of Pathology, Y and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oscar M Rueda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Wu S, Guo X, Zhou J, Zhu X, Chen H, Zhang K, Lu Y, Chen Y. High expression of UNC5B enhances tumor proliferation, increases metastasis, and worsens prognosis in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17079-17098. [PMID: 32902412 PMCID: PMC7521535 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
UNC-5 Homolog B (UNC5B) is a member of the dependence receptor family that regulates cell survival and apoptosis in a ligand-dependent manner. UNC5B plays an important role in the development of multiple cancers, including colorectal, bladder, and thyroid cancer. However, the exact expression pattern and mechanism of UNC5B in breast cancer have not been well elucidated. Here, we showed that UNC5B expression was significantly upregulated in breast cancer using bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. High UNC5B expression was correlated with poor overall survival in breast cancer patients. UNC5B knockdown inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis and compromised PI3K/Akt signaling activation. In summary, UNC5B is a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and targeting UNC5B is a potential strategy for individualized breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyue Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huihui Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuexin Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiding Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Marmorino F, Boccaccino A, Germani MM, Falcone A, Cremolini C. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in pMMR Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Tough Challenge. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2317. [PMID: 32824490 PMCID: PMC7465130 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of checkpoint inhibitors provided remarkable achievements in several solid tumors but only 5% of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients, i.e., those with bearing microsatellite instable (MSI-high)/deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) tumors, benefit from this approach. The favorable effect of immunotherapy in these patients has been postulated to be due to an increase in neoantigens due to their higher somatic mutational load, also associated with an abundant infiltration of immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME). While in patients with dMMR tumors checkpoint inhibitors allow achieving durable response with dramatic survival improvement, current results in patients with microsatellite stable (MSS or MSI-low)/proficient DNA mismatch repair (pMMR) tumors are disappointing. These tumors show low mutational load and absence of "immune-competent" TME, and are intrinsically resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Modifying the interplay among cancer cells, TME and host immune system is the aim of multiple lines of research in order to enhance the immunogenicity of pMMR mCRC, and exploit immunotherapy also in this field. Here, we focus on the rationale behind ongoing clinical trials aiming at extending the efficacy of immunotherapy beyond the MSI-high/dMMR subgroup with particular regard to academic no-profit studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marmorino
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Risorgimento 36, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (A.B.); (M.M.G.); (A.F.)
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boccaccino
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Risorgimento 36, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (A.B.); (M.M.G.); (A.F.)
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Maria Germani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Risorgimento 36, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (A.B.); (M.M.G.); (A.F.)
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Risorgimento 36, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (A.B.); (M.M.G.); (A.F.)
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Risorgimento 36, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (A.B.); (M.M.G.); (A.F.)
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Hassan G, Du J, Afify SM, Seno A, Seno M. Cancer stem cell generation by silenced MAPK enhancing PI3K/AKT signaling. Med Hypotheses 2020; 141:109742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
115
|
Kim KJ, Kim JW, Sung JH, Suh KJ, Lee JY, Kim SH, Lee JO, Kim JW, Kim YJ, Kim JH, Bang SM, Lee JS, Kim HK, Lee KW. PI3K-targeting strategy using alpelisib to enhance the antitumor effect of paclitaxel in human gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12308. [PMID: 32704014 PMCID: PMC7378194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PIK3CA mutations are frequently observed in various human cancers including gastric cancer (GC). This study was conducted to investigate the anti-tumor effects of alpelisib, a PI3K p110α-specific inhibitor, using preclinical models of GC. In addition, the combined effects of alpelisib and paclitaxel on GC were evaluated. Among the SNU1, SNU16, SNU484, SNU601, SNU638, SNU668, AGS, and MKN1 GC cells, three PIK3CA-mutant cells were predominantly sensitive to alpelisib. Alpelisib monotherapy decreased AKT and S6K1 phosphorylation and induced G0/G1 phase arrest regardless of PIK3CA mutational status. The alpelisib and paclitaxel combination demonstrated synergistic anti-proliferative effects, preferentially on PIK3CA-mutant cells, resulting in increased DNA damage response and apoptosis. In addition, alpelisib and paclitaxel combination potentiated anti-migratory activity in PIK3CA-mutant cells. Alpelisib partially reversed epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers in PIK3CA-mutant cells. In a xenograft model of MKN1 cells, the alpelisib and paclitaxel combination significantly enhanced anti-tumor activity by decreasing Ki-67 expression and increasing apoptosis. Moreover, this combination tended to prolong the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Our data suggest promising anti-tumor efficacy of alpelisib alone or in combination with paclitaxel in PIK3CA-mutant GC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kui-Jin Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hea Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Koung Jin Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Mee Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hark Kyun Kim
- National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Damodaran S, Sember QC, Arun BK. Clinical implications of breast cancer tumor genomic testing. Breast J 2020; 26:1565-1571. [PMID: 32696498 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the important applications of genetic testing is genetic testing of the tumor to identify non-inherited somatic mutations. The advent of high-throughput genomic and proteomic techniques has enabled characterization of genomic alterations and accelerated development of novel matching therapies for cancer. Consequently, mutational status has increasingly defined treatment selection for patients with solid tumors. The effectiveness of targeted therapy depends on matching with the right target; targets that are differentially expressed in tumor cells and provide growth and survival advantage. Currently, multiple targeted therapies have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of solid tumors including breast, lung, and melanoma, while many others are being evaluated in clinical trials. In addition to identifying actionable genomic alterations of interest, tumor genome sequencing also has the potential to detect germline mutations that has clinical implications for both the patient and their family. While targeted therapies have transformed our approach to cancer care in solid tumor patients within the past decade, lack of sustained responses and emergence of acquired resistance limit their clinical activity. In this article, we discuss tumor genome sequencing in breast cancers and their clinical implication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Damodaran
- Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Quinne C Sember
- University of Texas Health Internal Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Banu K Arun
- Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Clinical Cancer Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Dong J, Huang J, Zhou J, Tan Y, Jin J, Tan X, Wang B, Yu T, Wu C, Chen S, Wang TL. Discovery of 3-Quinazolin-4(3 H)-on-3-yl-2, N-dimethylpropanamides as Orally Active and Selective PI3Kα Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1463-1469. [PMID: 32676155 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) mediate a series of events related to cell growth, proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Overexpression of PI3Ks can lead to the dysregulation of cell homeostasis and cause tumorigenesis. In this study, rationally designed compounds were investigated as PI3Kα-selective inhibitors. Our efforts culminated in the discovery of a series of quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives with 2-substituted-N-methylpropanamide substitutions as PI3Kα-selective inhibitors. The best compound, 10, has PI3Kα enzymatic and cellular IC50 values of 1.8 and 12.1 nM, respectively. It exhibits biochemical selectivities for PI3Kα over PI3Kβ/δ/γ of 150/7.72/7.67-fold and cellular selectivities of 115/15.1/>826-fold, respectively. Compound 10 is 59% orally bioavailable with a dose-normalized AUC of 3090 nM. These effects translated into in vivo conditions, as 10 significantly time- and dose-dependently inhibited phosphorylation of Akt in BT-474 subcutaneous xenograft mice and inhibited tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Dong
- Luoxin Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Building 1 and First−Third Floors, Building 2, No. 85 Faladi Road, China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingjie Huang
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Ye Tan
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Xi Tan
- LTD, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao
Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Bei Wang
- OIU, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 1336 Wuzhong Avenue, Suzhou 215104, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Chengde Wu
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Shuhui Chen
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Tie-Lin Wang
- Luoxin Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Building 1 and First−Third Floors, Building 2, No. 85 Faladi Road, China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Salvati L, Mandalà M, Massi D. Melanoma brain metastases: review of histopathological features and immune-molecular aspects. Melanoma Manag 2020; 7:MMT44. [PMID: 32821376 PMCID: PMC7426753 DOI: 10.2217/mmt-2019-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM) have a dismal prognosis, but the unprecedented advances in systemic therapy alone or in combination with local therapy have now extended the 1-year overall survival rate from 20–25% to nearing 80–85%, mainly in asymptomatic patients. The histopathological and molecular characterization of MBM and the understanding of the microenvironment are critical to more effectively manage patients with advanced melanoma and to design biologically driven clinical trials. This review aims to give an overview of the main histopathological features and the immune-molecular aspects of MBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Salvati
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology & Hematology, Pope John XXIII Cancer Center Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Massi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Zhang Q, Sang F, Qian J, Lyu S, Wang W, Wang Y, Li Q, Du L. Identification of novel potential PI3Kα inhibitors for cancer therapy. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:3721-3732. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1771421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Treatment and Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Viral Diseases Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Sang
- Department of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Treatment and Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Viral Diseases Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jieyu Qian
- Department of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Treatment and Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Viral Diseases Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - ShaoLi Lyu
- Department of Ecology and Resource Engineering, Hetao College, Bayannur, Inner Mongolia, PR of China
| | - Wang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Treatment and Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Viral Diseases Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - LinFang Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Quassinoid analogs with enhanced efficacy for treatment of hematologic malignancies target the PI3Kγ isoform. Commun Biol 2020; 3:267. [PMID: 32461675 PMCID: PMC7253423 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0996-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of novel PI3K inhibitors is an important strategy to overcome their resistance and poor tolerability in clinical trials. The quassinoid family member Brusatol shows specific inhibitory activity against hematologic malignancies. However, the mechanism of its anti-cancer activity is unknown. We investigated the anti-cancer activity of Brusatol on multiple hematologic malignancies derived cell lines. The results demonstrated that the PI3Kγ isoform was identified as a direct target of Brusatol, and inhibition was dramatically reduced on cells with lower PI3Kγ levels. Novel synthetic analogs were also developed and tested in vitro and in vivo. They shared comparable or superior potency in their ability to inhibit malignant hematologic cell lines, and in a xenograft transplant mouse model. One unique analog had minimal toxicity to normal human cells and in a mouse model. These new analogs have enhanced potential for development as a new class of PI3K inhibitors for treatment of hematologic malignancies. Pei et al. demonstrate that PI3Kγ isoform is a direct target of Brusatol, a natural compound with inhibitory activity against hematologic malignancies. They further develop several Brusatol analogs with superior in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity.
Collapse
|
121
|
Pan RR, Zhang CY, Li Y, Zhang BB, Zhao L, Ye Y, Song YN, Zhang M, Tie HY, Zhang H, Zhu JY. Daphnane Diterpenoids from Daphne genkwa Inhibit PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling and Induce Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1238-1248. [PMID: 32223193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seven new daphnane-type diterpenoids, daphgenkins A-G (1-7), and 15 known analogues (8-22) were isolated from the flower buds of Daphne genkwa. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic data and calculated ECD analyses. The cytotoxicities of all daphnane-type diterpenoids (1-22) obtained were evaluated against three human colon cancer cell lines (SW620, RKO, and LoVo). Compounds 1, 12, and 13 exhibited cytotoxic effects against the SW620 and RKO cell lines, with IC50 values in the range of 3.0-9.7 μM. The most active new compound, 1, with an IC50 value of 3.0 μM against SW620 cells, was evaluated further for its underlying molecular mechanism. Compound 1 induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, leading to the induction of apoptosis in SW620 cells. Also, it induced cancer cell apoptosis by an increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, activated cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9, and upregulated PARP. Finally, compound 1 significantly inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in SW620 cells. Together, the results suggest that compound 1 may be a suitable lead compound for further biological evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Pan
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Bing Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ye
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Song
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yun Tie
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yong Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Huang TT, Lampert EJ, Coots C, Lee JM. Targeting the PI3K pathway and DNA damage response as a therapeutic strategy in ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 86:102021. [PMID: 32311593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide although exponential progress has been made in its treatment over the last decade. New agents and novel combination treatments are on the horizon. Among many new drugs, a series of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (referred to as the PI3K pathway) inhibitors are under development or already in clinical testing. The PI3K pathway is frequently upregulated in ovarian cancer and activated PI3K signaling contributes to increased cell survival and chemoresistance. However, no significant clinical success has been achieved with the PI3K pathway inhibitor(s) to date, reflecting the complex biology and also highlighting the need for combination treatment strategies. DNA damage repair pathways have been active therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer. Emerging data suggest the PI3K pathway is also involved in DNA replication and genome stability, making DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors as an attractive combination treatment for PI3K pathway blockades. This review describes an expanded role for the PI3K pathway in the context of DDR and cell cycle regulation. We also present the novel treatment strategies combining PI3K pathway inhibitors with DDR blockades to improve the efficacy of these inhibitors for ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Huang
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Erika J Lampert
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Coots
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Vernieri C, Corti F, Nichetti F, Ligorio F, Manglaviti S, Zattarin E, Rea CG, Capri G, Bianchi GV, de Braud F. Everolimus versus alpelisib in advanced hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer: targeting different nodes of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway with different clinical implications. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:33. [PMID: 32252811 PMCID: PMC7137211 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 axis is implicated in hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (HR+ HER2− mBC) resistance to anti-estrogen treatments. Based on results of the BOLERO-2 trial, the mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus in combination with the steroidal aromatase inhibitor (AI) exemestane has become a standard treatment for patients with HR+ HER2− mBC resistant to prior non-steroidal AI therapy. In the recent SOLAR-1 trial, the inhibitor of the PI3K alpha subunit (p110α) alpelisib in combination with fulvestrant prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) when compared to fulvestrant alone in patients with PIK3CA-mutated HR+ HER2− mBC that progressed after/on previous AI treatment. Therefore, two different molecules targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 axis, namely everolimus and alpelisib, are available for patients progressing on/after previous AI treatment, but it is unclear how to optimize their use in the clinical practice. Main body of the abstract Here, we reviewed the available clinical evidence deriving from the BOLERO-2 and SOLAR-1 trials to compare efficacy and safety profiles of everolimus and alpelisib in advanced HR+ HER2− BC treatment. Adding either compound to standard endocrine therapy provided similar absolute and relative PFS advantage. In the SOLAR-1 trial, a 76% incidence of grade (G) 3 or 4 (G3/G4) adverse events was reported, while G3/G4 toxicities occurred in 42% of patients in the BOLERO-2 trial. While alpelisib was only effective in patients with PIK3CA-mutated neoplasms, retrospective analyses indicate that everolimus improves exemestane efficacy independently of PIK3CA mutational status. Conclusions Based on the available efficacy and safety data, the “new” alpelisib may be burdened by higher incidence of severe adverse events, higher costs, and anticancer efficacy that is limited to PIK3CA-mutated tumors when compared to the “old” everolimus. Therefore, the everolimus-exemestane combination remains an effective and reasonably well-tolerated therapeutic option for HR+ HER2− mBC patients progressing after/on previous AI treatment, independently of PIK3CA mutational status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Vernieri
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy. .,Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesca Corti
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Nichetti
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ligorio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Manglaviti
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Zattarin
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen G Rea
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Capri
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia V Bianchi
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Oncology and Hemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Wu YH, Huang YF, Chen CC, Huang CY, Chou CY. Comparing PI3K/Akt Inhibitors Used in Ovarian Cancer Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:206. [PMID: 32194423 PMCID: PMC7063971 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Herein, we sought to determine the efficacy of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibition using three AZD compounds in a NOD-SCID xenograft mouse model and Akt regulation in a panel of eight ovarian cancer cell lines. Elevated Akt phosphorylation on Ser473 but not on Thr308 in cancerous tissues correlated with short progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and death. AZD8835 and AZD8186 inhibited Akt phosphorylation while AZD5363 augmented its phosphorylation on Ser473. To add, all compounds inhibited the Akt downstream effectors 4E-BP1 and p70S6 kinase. AZD8835 and AZD5363 sensitized chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin and paclitaxel treatment. Only AZD5363 could inhibit COL11A1 mRNA and promoter activity, which are important factors in Akt regulation and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. By using a mouse xenograft model, AZD8835 and AZD5363, but not AZD8186, caused a significant reduction in tumor formation. AZD compounds did not change the mRNA expression of BRCA1/BRCA in ovarian cancer cells, but AZD8835 inhibited BRCA1/BRCA2 mRNA expression and p-ERK protein expression in OVCAR-8 cells with the KRAS mutation. This study highlights the importance of PI3K/Akt in ovarian tumor progression and chemoresistance and the potential application of AZD compounds, especially AZD8835 and AZD5363, as therapeutic agents for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fang Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Gynecologic Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
D’Ambrosio C, Erriquez J, Arigoni M, Capellero S, Mittica G, Ghisoni E, Borella F, Katsaros D, Privitera S, Ribotta M, Maldi E, Di Nardo G, Berrino E, Venesio T, Ponzone R, Vaira M, Hall D, Jimenez-Linan M, Paterson AL, Calogero RA, Brenton JD, Valabrega G, Di Renzo MF, Olivero M. PIK3R1W624R Is an Actionable Mutation in High Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Cells 2020; 9:E442. [PMID: 32075097 PMCID: PMC7072782 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying cancer drivers and actionable mutations is critical for precision oncology. In epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) the majority of mutations lack biological or clinical validation. We fully characterized 43 lines of Patient-Derived Xenografts (PDXs) and performed copy number analysis and whole exome sequencing of 12 lines derived from naïve, high grade EOCs. Pyrosequencing allowed quantifying mutations in the source tumours. Drug response was assayed on PDX Derived Tumour Cells (PDTCs) and in vivo on PDXs. We identified a PIK3R1W624R variant in PDXs from a high grade serous EOC. Allele frequencies of PIK3R1W624R in all the passaged PDXs and in samples of the source tumour suggested that it was truncal and thus possibly a driver mutation. After inconclusive results in silico analyses, PDTCs and PDXs allowed the showing actionability of PIK3R1W624R and addiction of PIK3R1W624R carrying cells to inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. It is noteworthy that PIK3R1 encodes the p85α regulatory subunit of PI3K, that is very rarely mutated in EOC. The PIK3R1W624R mutation is located in the cSH2 domain of the p85α that has never been involved in oncogenesis. These data show that patient-derived models are irreplaceable in their role of unveiling unpredicted driver and actionable variants in advanced ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Concetta D’Ambrosio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (T.V.); (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy
| | - Jessica Erriquez
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (T.V.); (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (M.O.)
| | - Maddalena Arigoni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Sonia Capellero
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (T.V.); (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy
| | - Gloria Mittica
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (T.V.); (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (M.O.)
| | - Eleonora Ghisoni
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (T.V.); (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (M.O.)
| | - Fulvio Borella
- Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.B.); (D.K.); (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Dionyssios Katsaros
- Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.B.); (D.K.); (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Silvana Privitera
- Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.B.); (D.K.); (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Marisa Ribotta
- Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy; (F.B.); (D.K.); (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Elena Maldi
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (T.V.); (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (M.O.)
| | - Giovanna Di Nardo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Enrico Berrino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (T.V.); (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (M.O.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Tiziana Venesio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (T.V.); (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (M.O.)
| | - Riccardo Ponzone
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (T.V.); (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (M.O.)
| | - Marco Vaira
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (T.V.); (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (M.O.)
| | - Douglas Hall
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; (D.H.); (M.J.-L.); (A.L.P.); (J.D.B.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | | | - Anna L. Paterson
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; (D.H.); (M.J.-L.); (A.L.P.); (J.D.B.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Raffaele A. Calogero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (R.A.C.)
| | - James D. Brenton
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; (D.H.); (M.J.-L.); (A.L.P.); (J.D.B.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Giorgio Valabrega
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (T.V.); (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Flavia Di Renzo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (T.V.); (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy
| | - Martina Olivero
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (T.V.); (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
PIK3CA gene aberrancy and role in targeted therapy of solid malignancies. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 27:634-644. [PMID: 31988478 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide kinases (PIKs) are a group of lipid kinases that are important upstream activators of various signaling pathways that drive oncogenesis. Hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways-either via mutations or genomic amplification-confers key oncogenic activity, essential for the development and progression of several solid tumors. Alterations in the PIK3CA gene are associated with poor prognosis of solid malignancies. Contradictory reports exist in the literature regarding the prognostic value of PIK3CA in aggressive cancers, but most available data highlights an important role of PIK3CA mutation in mediating tumorigenesis via increased signaling of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR survival pathway. Several inhibitors of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways have been investigated as potential therapeutic options in solid malignancies. This article reviews the role of PIK3CA mutations and inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in cancer and examines association with the clinico-pathological parameters and prognosis.
Collapse
|
127
|
Yang K, Tang XJ, Xu FF, Liu JH, Tan YQ, Gao L, Sun Q, Ding X, Liu BH, Chen QX. PI3K/mTORC1/2 inhibitor PQR309 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:773-782. [PMID: 32020210 PMCID: PMC7040887 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of primary central nervous system tumor in adults, which has high mortality and morbidity rates, and short survival time, namely <15 months after the diagnosis and application of standard therapy, which includes surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy; thus, novel therapeutic strategies are imperative. The activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays an important role in GBM. In the present study, U87 and U251 GBM cells were treated with the PI3K/mTORC1/2 inhibitor PQR309, and its effect on glioma cells was investigated. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine and colony formation assays revealed dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in glioma cells that were treated with PQR309. Flow cytometry and western blotting revealed that PQR309 can significantly induce tumor cell apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle in the G1 phase. Furthermore, the expression levels of AKT, phosphorylated (p)-AKT, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bad, Bax, cyclin D1, cleaved caspase-3, MMP-9 and MMP-2 were altered. In addition, the migration and invasion of glioma cells, as detected by wound healing, migration and Transwell invasion assays, exhibited a marked suppression after treating the cells with PQR309. These results indicated that PQR309 exerts an antitumor effect by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inducing G1 cell cycle arrest, and inhibiting invasion and migration in human glioma cells. The present study provides evidence supportive of further development of PQR309 for adjuvant therapy of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Jun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Fei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Qiu Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Xue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Santin AD, Filiaci V, Bellone S, Ratner ES, Mathews CA, Cantuaria G, Gunderson CC, Rutledge T, Buttin BM, Lankes HA, Frumovitz M, Khleif SN, Huh WK, Birrer MJ. Phase II evaluation of copanlisib, a selective inhibitor of Pi3kca, in patients with persistent or recurrent endometrial carcinoma harboring PIK3CA hotspot mutations: An NRG Oncology study (NRG-GY008). Gynecol Oncol Rep 2020; 31:100532. [PMID: 31934607 PMCID: PMC6951478 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2019.100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer commonly harbors hotspot mutations in the PIK3CA gene. NRG-GY008 evaluated the activity of copanlisib, an inhibitor of PIK3CA, in recurrent endometrial cancer patients. Copanlisib has an acceptable safety profile but low antitumor activity in endometrial cancer. Combinations of copanlisib may be necessary to increase clinical responses in endometrial cancer patients.
Purpose NRG Oncology conducted a phase II trial to assess the antitumor activity and tolerability of copanlisib, a selective inhibitor of PIK3CA, in persistent or recurrent endometrial carcinoma harboring hotspot PIK3CA mutations. Patients and methods Eligible patients had endometrial cancer with endometrioid, serous or mixed histology, a somatic PIK3CA gene mutation, measurable disease, and GOG performance status ≤2. Treatment consisted of IV copanlisib (60 mg weekly, day 1, 8 and 15 of 28-day cycle) until disease progression or prohibitive toxicity. The primary endpoints of the study were objective tumor response as assessed by RECIST 1.1 and to determine the nature and degree of toxicity of copanlisib as assessed by CTCAE version 4. The study used a 2-stage group sequential design. Results Eleven patients were enrolled onto stage I of the treatment trial. Five patients had endometrioid, four serous and two had a tumor of mixed histology. The most common PIK3CA mutation was Q546X (n = 3) in exon 9. The most common grade 3 or 4 AE was hyperglycemia. No grade 5 adverse events were reported. No clinical responses were detected. Six patients had a best overall response of stable disease. Of 11 who initiated treatment, 10 progressed on treatment. One patient with stable disease on copanlisib withdrew from treatment secondary to relocation. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.8 months; at 6 months 27% were alive, progression-free. The median overall survival (OS) was 15.2 months. Due to the lack of CR/PR continuation of accrual to the second stage of accrual was not warranted. Conclusion Copanlisib is well tolerated but has limited activity as a single agent in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro D Santin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Services, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Virginia Filiaci
- NRG Oncology Statistical and Data Management Center, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Stefania Bellone
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Services, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Elena S Ratner
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Services, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Cara A Mathews
- Medical Oncology, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | | | - Camille C Gunderson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Oklahoma, The Stephenson Cancer Center, 800 NE 10 Street, Suite 2500, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Teresa Rutledge
- Gynecologic Oncology, University of New Mexico, 1201 Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM 87102, USA
| | - Barbara M Buttin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern Medicine Regional Medical Group, 4405 Weaver Parkway, Warrenville, IL 60555-3269, USA
| | - Heather A Lankes
- NRG Oncology, Operations Center-Philadelphia East, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael Frumovitz
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samir N Khleif
- Director, The Loop Immuno-Oncology Research Laboratory, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Warner K Huh
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35205, USA
| | - Michael J Birrer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, O'Neal Cancer Center University of Alabama, 176F 10390, 619 19 Street S, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is the most common aberrantly activated pathway in breast cancer, making it an attractive therapeutic target. In this review, we will discuss the rationale for targeting PI3K/AKT signaling and the development of PI3K/AKT inhibitors in breast cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Although the initial clinical trials with pan-PI3K inhibitors were challenged by high toxicities and modest antitumor effect, there has been continued effort to develop agents more precisely targeting PI3K isoforms to improve therapeutic index. Alpelisib in combination with fulvestrant is now available in the clinic for postmenopausal women with advanced or metastatic hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative, PIK3CA-mutated breast cancer. In addition, promising data has been observed in randomized phase II trials of AKT inhibitors in combination with fulvestrant or paclitaxel in metastatic HR-positive, HER2-negative disease and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), respectively. The high frequency of genetic alterations in the PI3K pathway has provided the rationale for development of inhibitors targeting PI3K/AKT. Despite initial disappointment with several randomized trials of pan-PI3K inhibitors in HR-positive breast cancer, there has been continued effort to more precisely target PI3K isoforms, which has led to clinical benefit for patients with advanced breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haley Ellis
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Washington University, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cynthia X Ma
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Washington University, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Liang D, Wang HY, Fan S, Wang J, Shen Y, Gao CY, Wu ML, Lu SM, Zhang SQ, Han W. W941, a new PI3K inhibitor, exhibits preferable anti-proliferative activities against nonsmall cell lung cancer with autophagy inhibitors. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:1218-1226. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
131
|
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Toker
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Chen X, Cao Y, Sedhom W, Lu L, Liu Y, Wang H, Oka M, Bornstein S, Said S, Song J, Lu SL. Distinct roles of PIK3CA in the enrichment and maintenance of cancer stem cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2019; 14:139-158. [PMID: 31600013 PMCID: PMC6944113 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence and metastasis are the major causes of mortality in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It is suggested that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play pivotal roles in recurrence and metastasis. Thus, a greater understanding of the mechanisms of CSC regulation may provide opportunities to develop novel therapies for improving survival by controlling recurrence or metastasis. Here, we report that overexpression of the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of PI3K (PIK3CA), the most frequently amplified oncogene in HNSCC, promotes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and enriches the CSC population. However, PIK3CA is not required to maintain these traits and inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway paradoxically promotes CSC population. Molecular analysis revealed that overexpression of PIK3CA activates multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), in which ephrin receptors (Ephs), tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRK) and mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (c‐Kit) contribute to maintain CSC population. Accordingly, simultaneous inhibition of these RTKs using a multi‐kinase inhibitor ponatinib has a superior effect at eliminating the CSC population and reduces metastasis of PIK3CA‐overexpressing HNSCC cells. Our result suggests that co‐targeting of Ephs, TRKs and the c‐Kit pathway may be effective at eliminating the PI3K‐independent CSC population, thereby providing potential targets for future development of a novel anti‐CSC therapeutic approach for HNSCC patients, particularly for patients with PIK3CA amplification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China
| | - Wafik Sedhom
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Masako Oka
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sophia Bornstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sherif Said
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Shi-Long Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Whole-exome sequencing of cervical carcinomas identifies activating ERBB2 and PIK3CA mutations as targets for combination therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:22730-22736. [PMID: 31624127 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911385116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of advanced/recurrent cervical cancer patients remains poor. We analyzed 54 fresh-frozen and 15 primary cervical cancer cell lines, along with matched-normal DNA, by whole-exome sequencing (WES), most of which harboring Human-Papillomavirus-type-16/18. We found recurrent somatic missense mutations in 22 genes (including PIK3CA, ERBB2, and GNAS) and a widespread APOBEC cytidine deaminase mutagenesis pattern (TCW motif) in both adenocarcinoma (ACC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Somatic copy number variants (CNVs) identified 12 copy number gains and 40 losses, occurring more often than expected by chance, with the most frequent events in pathways similar to those found from analysis of single nucleotide variants (SNVs), including the ERBB2/PI3K/AKT/mTOR, apoptosis, chromatin remodeling, and cell cycle. To validate specific SNVs as targets, we took advantage of primary cervical tumor cell lines and xenografts to preclinically evaluate the activity of pan-HER (afatinib and neratinib) and PIK3CA (copanlisib) inhibitors, alone and in combination, against tumors harboring alterations in the ERBB2/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (71%). Tumors harboring ERBB2 (5.8%) domain mutations were significantly more sensitive to single agents afatinib or neratinib when compared to wild-type tumors in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models (P = 0.001). In contrast, pan-HER and PIK3CA inhibitors demonstrated limited in vitro activity and were only transiently effective in controlling in vivo growth of PIK3CA-mutated cervical cancer xenografts. Importantly, combinations of copanlisib and neratinib were highly synergistic, inducing long-lasting regression of tumors harboring alterations in the ERBB2/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. These findings define the genetic landscape of cervical cancer, suggesting that a large subset of cervical tumors might benefit from existing ERBB2/PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR-targeted drugs.
Collapse
|
134
|
Rathinaswamy MK, Burke JE. Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) regulatory subunits and their roles in signaling and disease. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100657. [PMID: 31611073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a group of heterodimeric lipid kinases that regulate crucial cellular processes including proliferation, survival, growth, and metabolism. The diversity in functions controlled by the various catalytic isoforms (p110α, p110β, p110δ, and p110γ) depends on their abilities to be activated by distinct stimuli such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and the Ras family of small G-proteins. A major factor determining the ability of each p110 enzyme to be activated is the presence of regulatory binding partners. Given the overwhelming evidence for the involvement of PI3Ks in diseases such as cancer, inflammation, immunodeficiency and diabetes, an understanding of how these regulatory proteins influence PI3K function is essential. This article highlights research deciphering the role of regulatory subunits in PI3K signaling and their involvement in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Rathinaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Delou JMA, Souza ASO, Souza LCM, Borges HL. Highlights in Resistance Mechanism Pathways for Combination Therapy. Cells 2019; 8:E1013. [PMID: 31480389 PMCID: PMC6770082 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy has been a mainstay in cancer treatment for the last 60 years. Although the mechanisms of action and signaling pathways affected by most treatments with single antineoplastic agents might be relatively well understood, most combinations remain poorly understood. This review presents the most common alterations of signaling pathways in response to cytotoxic and targeted anticancer drug treatments, with a discussion of how the knowledge of signaling pathways might support and orient the development of innovative strategies for anticancer combination therapy. The ultimate goal is to highlight possible strategies of chemotherapy combinations based on the signaling pathways associated with the resistance mechanisms against anticancer drugs to maximize the selective induction of cancer cell death. We consider this review an extensive compilation of updated known information on chemotherapy resistance mechanisms to promote new combination therapies to be to discussed and tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João M A Delou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Alana S O Souza
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Leonel C M Souza
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Helena L Borges
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Prostate Cancer Development: Therapeutic Implications. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E82. [PMID: 31366128 PMCID: PMC6789661 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent nonskin cancer and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in man. Prostate cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease with many patients exhibiting an aggressive disease with progression, metastasis, and other patients showing an indolent disease with low tendency to progression. Three stages of development of human prostate tumors have been identified: intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma androgen-dependent, and adenocarcinoma androgen-independent or castration-resistant. Advances in molecular technologies have provided a very rapid progress in our understanding of the genomic events responsible for the initial development and progression of prostate cancer. These studies have shown that prostate cancer genome displays a relatively low mutation rate compared with other cancers and few chromosomal loss or gains. The ensemble of these molecular studies has led to suggest the existence of two main molecular groups of prostate cancers: one characterized by the presence of ERG rearrangements (~50% of prostate cancers harbor recurrent gene fusions involving ETS transcription factors, fusing the 5' untranslated region of the androgen-regulated gene TMPRSS2 to nearly the coding sequence of the ETS family transcription factor ERG) and features of chemoplexy (complex gene rearrangements developing from a coordinated and simultaneous molecular event), and a second one characterized by the absence of ERG rearrangements and by the frequent mutations in the E3 ubiquitin ligase adapter SPOP and/or deletion of CDH1, a chromatin remodeling factor, and interchromosomal rearrangements and SPOP mutations are early events during prostate cancer development. During disease progression, genomic and epigenomic abnormalities accrued and converged on prostate cancer pathways, leading to a highly heterogeneous transcriptomic landscape, characterized by a hyperactive androgen receptor signaling axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Effects of Intestinal Microbial⁻Elaborated Butyrate on Oncogenic Signaling Pathways. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051026. [PMID: 31067776 PMCID: PMC6566851 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is well known to have multiple benefits on human health, including cancer prevention and treatment. The effects are partially mediated by microbiota-produced short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, propionate and acetate. The anti-cancer effect of butyrate has been demonstrated in cancer cell cultures and animal models of cancer. Butyrate, as a signaling molecule, has effects on multiple signaling pathways. The most studied effect is its inhibition on histone deacetylase (HDAC), which leads to alterations of several important oncogenic signaling pathways such as JAK2/STAT3, VEGF. Butyrate can interfere with both mitochondrial apoptotic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. In addition, butyrate also reduces gut inflammation by promoting T-regulatory cell differentiation with decreased activities of the NF-κB and STAT3 pathways. Through PKC and Wnt pathways, butyrate increases cancer cell differentiation. Furthermore, butyrate regulates oncogenic signaling molecules through microRNAs and methylation. Therefore, butyrate has the potential to be incorporated into cancer prevention and treatment regimens. In this review we summarize recent progress in butyrate research and discuss the future development of butyrate as an anti-cancer agent with emphasis on its effects on oncogenic signaling pathways. The low bioavailability of butyrate is a problem, which precludes clinical application. The disadvantage of butyrate for medicinal applications may be overcome by several approaches including nano-delivery, analogue development and combination use with other anti-cancer agents or phytochemicals.
Collapse
|
138
|
Martelli AM, Paganelli F, Fazio A, Bazzichetto C, Conciatori F, McCubrey JA. The Key Roles of PTEN in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Development, Progression, and Therapeutic Response. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050629. [PMID: 31064074 PMCID: PMC6562458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive blood cancer that comprises 10–15% of pediatric and ~25% of adult ALL cases. Although the curative rates have significantly improved over the past 10 years, especially in pediatric patients, T-ALL remains a challenge from a therapeutic point of view, due to the high number of early relapses that are for the most part resistant to further treatment. Considerable advances in the understanding of the genes, signaling networks, and mechanisms that play crucial roles in the pathobiology of T-ALL have led to the identification of the key drivers of the disease, thereby paving the way for new therapeutic approaches. PTEN is critical to prevent the malignant transformation of T-cells. However, its expression and functions are altered in human T-ALL. PTEN is frequently deleted or mutated, while PTEN protein is often phosphorylated and functionally inactivated by casein kinase 2. Different murine knockout models recapitulating the development of T-ALL have demonstrated that PTEN abnormalities are at the hub of an intricate oncogenic network sustaining and driving leukemia development by activating several signaling cascades associated with drug-resistance and poor outcome. These aspects and their possible therapeutic implications are highlighted in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesca Paganelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Fazio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Chiara Bazzichetto
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Conciatori
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| |
Collapse
|