101
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Abstract
Despite the increasing use of stem cells for regenerative-based cardiac therapy, the optimal stem cell population(s) remains in a cloud of uncertainty. In the past decade, the field has witnessed a surge of researchers discovering stem cell populations reported to directly and/or indirectly contribute to cardiac regeneration through processes of cardiomyogenic commitment and/or release of cardioprotective paracrine factors. This review centers upon defining basic biological characteristics of stem cells used for sustaining cardiac integrity during disease and maintenance of communication between the cardiac environment and stem cells. Given the limited successes achieved so far in regenerative therapy, the future requires development of unprecedented concepts involving combinatorial approaches to create and deliver the optimal stem cell(s) that will enhance myocardial healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Quijada
- Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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102
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Russell M, Roberts AE, Abrams DJ, Murphy AM, Towbin JA, Chung WK. How to effectively utilize genetic testing in the care of children with cardiomyopathies. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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103
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Banerjee A, Ghoshal PK, Sengupta K. Novel linkage of LMNA Single Nucleotide Polymorphism with Dilated Cardiomyopathy in an Indian case study. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2015; 7:99-105. [PMID: 28785654 PMCID: PMC5497236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most commonly encountered heart diseases reported globally. It is characterized by enlarged ventricles with impaired systolic and diastolic functions. Mutations in LMNA gene are one of the causative factors to precipitate the disease. However, association of SNPs of LMNA with DCM in particular has not been well documented. METHOD Here we present a limited and restricted case study of patients from south eastern part of India afflicted with idiopathic DCM and conduction defects. By using next generation sequencing we have sequenced the exons of LMNA gene from genomic DNA isolated from patients. RESULT We have identified the linkage of 8 different LMNA SNPs with idiopathic DCM viz. rs121117552, rs538089, rs505058, rs4641, rs646840, rs534807, rs80356803 and rs7339. These SNPs are scattered throughout the gene with prevalence for the region encoding the central rod domain of lamin A/C. CONCLUSION Most of these SNPs in LMNA were previously reported to be involved in various disorders other than DCM. We conclude that, variation in LMNA is one of the major underlying genetic causes for the pathogenesis of DCM, as observed in few Indian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinanda Banerjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Pradip K. Ghoshal
- Department of Cardiology & Medicine, N.R.S. Medical College & Hospital, 138 A. J. C Bose Road, Kolkata 700014, India
| | - Kaushik Sengupta
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
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104
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Smith LE, White MY. The role of post-translational modifications in acute and chronic cardiovascular disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 8:506-21. [PMID: 24961403 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, accounting for both primary diseases of the heart and vasculature and arising as a co-morbidity with numerous pathologies, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There has been significant emphasis on the role of the genome in CVD, aiding in the definition of 'at-risk' patients. The extent of disease penetrance however, can be influenced by environmental factors that are not detectable by investigating the genome alone. By targeting the transcriptome in response to CVD, the interplay between genome and environment is more apparent, however this implies the level of protein expression without reference to proteolytic turnover, or potentially more importantly, without defining the role of PTMs in the development of disease. Here, we discuss the role of both brief and irreversible PTMs in the setting of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Key proteins involved in calcium regulation have been observed as differentially modified by phosphorylation/O-GlcNAcylation or phosphorylation/redox modifications, with the level of interplay dependent on the physiological or pathophysiological state. The ability to modify crucial sites to produce the desired functional output is modulated by the presence of other PTMs as exemplified in the T2DM heart, where hyperglycemia results in aberrant O-GlcNAcylation and advanced glycation end products. By using the signalling events predicted to be critical to post-conditioning, an intervention with great promise for the cardioprotection of the ischemia/reperfusion injured heart, as an example, we discuss the level of PTMs and their interplay. The inability of post-conditioning to protect the diabetic heart may be regulated by aberrant PTMs influencing those sites necessary for protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Smith
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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105
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali J Marian
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston and Texas Heart Institute, Houston.
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106
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Xiong Q, Cao Q, Zhou Q, Xie J, Shen Y, Wan R, Yu J, Yan S, Marian AJ, Hong K. Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy in a patient with a rare loss-of-function KCNQ1 mutation. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e001526. [PMID: 25616976 PMCID: PMC4330077 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a common manifestation of advanced cardiomyopathies. In a subset of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, VT is the initial and the cardinal manifestation of the disease. The molecular genetic basis of this subset of dilated cardiomyopathy is largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified 10 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy who presented with VT and sequenced 14 common causal genes for cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias. Functional studies included cellular patch clamp, confocal microscopy, and immunoblotting. We identified nonsynonymous variants in 4 patients, including a rare missense p.R397Q mutation in the KCNQ1 gene in a 60-year-old man who presented with incessant VT and had mild cardiac dysfunction. The p.R397Q mutation was absent in an ethnically matched control group, affected a conserved amino acid, and was predicted by multiple algorithms to be pathogenic. Co-expression of the mutant KCNQ1 with its partner unit KCNE1 was associated with reduced tail current density of slowly activating delayed rectifier K(+) current (IKs). The mutation reduced membrane localization of the protein. CONCLUSIONS Dilated cardiomyopathy with an initial presentation of VT may be a forme fruste of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in genes encoding the ion channels. The findings implicate KCNQ1 as a possible causal gene for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinmei Xiong
- Cardiovascular Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (Q.X., Q.Z., Y.S., J.Y., S.Y., K.H.)
| | - Qing Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (Q.C., J.X., R.W., K.H.)
| | - Qiongqiong Zhou
- Cardiovascular Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (Q.X., Q.Z., Y.S., J.Y., S.Y., K.H.)
| | - Jinyan Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (Q.C., J.X., R.W., K.H.)
| | - Yang Shen
- Cardiovascular Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (Q.X., Q.Z., Y.S., J.Y., S.Y., K.H.)
| | - Rong Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (Q.C., J.X., R.W., K.H.)
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Cardiovascular Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (Q.X., Q.Z., Y.S., J.Y., S.Y., K.H.)
| | - Sujuan Yan
- Cardiovascular Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (Q.X., Q.Z., Y.S., J.Y., S.Y., K.H.)
| | - Ali J Marian
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics at The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX (A.J.M.)
| | - Kui Hong
- Cardiovascular Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (Q.X., Q.Z., Y.S., J.Y., S.Y., K.H.) The Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (Q.C., J.X., R.W., K.H.)
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107
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali J Marian
- From the Institute of Molecular Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Genetic Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston.
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108
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Abstract
Cardiomyopathies (ie, diseases of the heart muscle) are major causes of morbidity and mortality. A significant percentage of patients with cardiomyopathies have genetic-based, inheritable disease and, over the past 2 decades the genetic causes of these disorders have been increasingly discovered. The genes causing these disorders when they are mutated appear to encode proteins that frame a "final common pathway" for that specific disorder, but the specifics of the phenotype, including age of onset, severity, and outcome is variable for reasons not yet understood. The "final common pathways" for the classified forms of cardiomyopathy include the sarcomere in the primarily diastolic dysfunction disorders hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy, the linkage of the sarcomere and sarcolemma in the systolic dysfunction disorder dilated cardiomyopathy, and the desmosome in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is an overlap disorder and it appears that any of these "final common pathways" can be involved depending on the specific form of LVNC. The genetics and mechanisms responsible for these clinical phenotypes will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Towbin
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
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109
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Di Salvo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt Heart and Vascular Institute, Nashville TN
| | - Saptarsi M. Haldar
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland OH
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
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110
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Pan H, Qin K, Guo Z, Ma Y, April C, Gao X, Andrews TG, Bokov A, Zhang J, Chen Y, Weintraub ST, Fan JB, Wang D, Hu Y, Aune GJ, Lindsey ML, Li R. Negative elongation factor controls energy homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. Cell Rep 2014; 7:79-85. [PMID: 24656816 PMCID: PMC4277258 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative elongation factor (NELF) is known to enforce promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), a pervasive phenomenon observed across multicellular genomes. However, the physiological impact of NELF on tissue homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we show that whole-body conditional deletion of the B subunit of NELF (NELF-B) in adult mice results in cardiomyopathy and impaired response to cardiac stress. Tissue-specific knockout of NELF-B confirms its cell-autonomous function in cardiomyocytes. NELF directly supports transcription of those genes encoding rate-limiting enzymes in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. NELF also shares extensively transcriptional target genes with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a master regulator of energy metabolism in the myocardium. Mechanistically, NELF helps stabilize the transcription initiation complex at the metabolism-related genes. Our findings strongly indicate that NELF is part of the PPARα-mediated transcription regulatory network that maintains metabolic homeostasis in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Pan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kunhua Qin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Medicine, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Xiaoli Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Thomas G Andrews
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Alex Bokov
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Susan T Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Degeng Wang
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yanfen Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Gregory J Aune
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Medicine, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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111
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Heart failure in congenital heart disease: the role of genes and hemodynamics. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1025-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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112
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Van Tintelen JP, Pieper PG, Van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, Van Den Berg MP. Pregnancy, cardiomyopathies, and genetics. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 101:571-8. [PMID: 24451172 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although familial forms of cardiomyopathy such as hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy have been recognized for decades, it is only recently that much of the genetic basis of these inherited cardiomyopathies has been elucidated. This has provided important insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease phenotype. This increased knowledge and the availability of genetic testing has resulted in increasing numbers of mutation carriers who are being monitored, including many who are now of child-bearing age. Pregnancy is generally well tolerated in asymptomatic patients or mutation carriers with inherited cardiomyopathies. However, since pregnancy leads to major physiological changes in the cardiovascular system, in women with genetic cardiomyopathies or who carry a mutation pre-disposing to a genetic cardiomyopathy, pregnancy entails a risk of developing heart failure and/or arrhythmias. This deterioration of cardiac function may occur despite optimal medical treatment. Advanced left ventricular dysfunction, poor functional class (NYHA class III or IV), or prior cardiac events appear to increase the risk of maternal cardiac complications. However, there are no large series of cardiomyopathy patients who are regularly evaluated for cardiac complications during pregnancy and for certain types of inherited cardiomyopathy, only case reports on individual pregnancies are available. Pre-conception cardiologic evaluation and genetic counselling are important for every woman with a cardiomyopathy or a cardiomyopathy-related mutation who is considering having a family. In this article, we give an overview of the basic clinical aspects, genetics, and pregnancy outcome in women with different types of inherited cardiomyopathies. We also discuss the genetic aspects of pregnancy-associated cardiomyopathy, including peripartum cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peter Van Tintelen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
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113
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Braunwald
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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