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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 and 9139=9139-- tpxo] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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102
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Everts P, Onishi K, Jayaram P, Lana JF, Mautner K. Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [PMID: 33096812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794;select sleep(5)#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Everts
- Gulf Coast Biologics, Research and Science Division, Fort Myers, FL 33916, USA
| | - Kentaro Onishi
- Department of PM&R and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburg Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Prathap Jayaram
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - José Fábio Lana
- The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Indaiatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kenneth Mautner
- Emory Sports Medicine and Primary Care Sports Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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103
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 order by 1-- fumh] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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104
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 union all select null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null-- ipuc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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105
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Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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106
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Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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107
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Zhao X, Meng F, Hu S, Yang Z, Huang H, Pang R, Wen X, Kang Y, Zhang Z. The Synovium Attenuates Cartilage Degeneration in KOA through Activation of the Smad2/3-Runx1 Cascade and Chondrogenesis-related miRNAs. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:832-845. [PMID: 33230479 PMCID: PMC7658376 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a highly prevalent disabling joint disease in aged people. Progressive cartilage degradation is the hallmark of KOA, but its deeper mechanism remains unclear. Substantial evidence indicates the importance of the synovium for joint homeostasis. The present study aimed to determine whether the synovium regulates cartilage metabolism through chondrogenesis-related microRNAs (miRNAs) in the KOA microenvironment. Clinical sample testing and in vitro cell experiments screened out miR-455 and miR-210 as effective miRNAs. The levels of both were significantly reduced in KOA cartilage but increased in KOA synovial fluid compared with controls. We further revealed that transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) can significantly upregulate miR-455 and miR-210 expression in synoviocytes. The upregulated miRNAs can be secreted into the extracellular environment and prevent cartilage degeneration. Through bioinformatics and in vitro experiments, we found that Runx1 can bind to the promoter regions of miR-455 and miR-210 and enhance their transcription in TGF-β1-treated synoviocytes. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a protective effect of the synovium against cartilage degeneration mediated by chondrogenesis-related miRNAs, which suggests that Runx1 is a potential target for KOA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Fangang Meng
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Shu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics-Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zibo Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Rui Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Xingzhao Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
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108
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Bachsais M, Salti S, Zaoui K, Hassan GS, Aoudjit F, Mourad W. CD154 inhibits death of T cells via a Cis interaction with the α5β1 integrin. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235753. [PMID: 32745080 PMCID: PMC7398495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CD154 plays a major role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In addition to CD40, soluble CD154 (sCD154) binds to other receptors namely αIIbβ3, αMβ2, α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins. We have previously reported that binding of sCD154 to α5β1 integrin expressed on several human T cell lines is capable of inhibiting Fas-induced cell death. In the current study, we show that such effect of the sCD154/α5β1 interaction is not restricted to the cell death response induced by Fas but could also be exhibited toward other death signals such as TRAIL and TNF- α. We also demonstrate that sCD154 is capable of inhibiting Fas-mediated death of human activated T cells, more importantly of CD4+ than CD8+ T ones. Our data also show that membrane-bound CD154 and α5β1 integrin expressed on the surface of distinct cells failed to influence cell death responses. However, when membrane-bound CD154 and α5β1 are expressed on the surface of same cell, their interaction was capable of down regulating cell death. CD154 was shown to co-localize with the α5β1 integrin on the surface of these cells. These data strongly suggest a cis-type of interaction between CD154 and α5β1 when both are expressed on the same cell surface, rather than a trans-interaction which usually implicates the ligand and its receptor each expressed on the surface of a distinct cell. Taken together, these findings add to the list of roles through which CD154 is contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune-inflammatory diseases, i.e. by protecting T cells from death and enhancing their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Bachsais
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Suzanne Salti
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kossay Zaoui
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ghada S. Hassan
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fawzi Aoudjit
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Walid Mourad
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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109
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Xu J, Yang Y. Potential genes and pathways along with immune cells infiltration in the progression of atherosclerosis identified via microarray gene expression dataset re-analysis. Vascular 2020; 28:643-654. [PMID: 32379583 DOI: 10.1177/1708538120922700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process characterized by the accumulation and formation of lipid-rich plaques within the layers of the arterial wall. Although numerous studies have reported the underlying pathogenesis, no data-based studies have been conducted to analyze the potential genes and immune cells infiltration in the different stages of atherosclerosis via bioinformatics analysis. METHODS In this study, we downloaded GSE100927 and GSE28829 from NCBI-GEO database. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment were performed via the DAVID database. The protein interaction network was constructed via STRING. Enriched hub genes were analyzed by the Cytoscape software. The evaluation of the infiltrating immune cells in the dataset samples was performed by the CIBERSORT algorithm. RESULTS We identified 114 common upregulated differentially expressed genes and 22 common downregulated differentially expressed genes. (adjust p value < 0.01 and log FC ≥ 1). A cluster of 10 genes including CYBA, SLC11A1, FCER1G, ITGAM, ITGB2, CD53, ITGAX, VAMP8, CLEC5A, and CD300A were found to be significant. Through the deconvolution algorithm CIBERSORT, we analyzed the significant alteration of immune cells infiltration in the progression of atherosclerosis with the threshold of the Wilcoxon test at p value <0.05. CONCLUSIONS These results may reveal the underlying correlations between genes and immune cells in atherosclerosis, which enable us to investigate the novel insights for the development of treatments and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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110
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Zhao X, Gu M, Xu X, Wen X, Yang G, Li L, Sheng P, Meng F. CCL3/CCR1 mediates CD14 +CD16 - circulating monocyte recruitment in knee osteoarthritis progression. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:613-625. [PMID: 32006659 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Monocyte-derived macrophages, as the predominant immune cell type that is increased in inflamed synovium, play a vital role during knee osteoarthritis (KOA) progression. However, the mechanisms underlying the recruitment of circulating monocytes to osteoarthritic knees remain uncertain. Based on previous data obtained from plasma, we investigated the contributions of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and their cognate receptors in circulating monocyte chemotaxis and KOA development. METHODS Using flow cytometry staining, we characterized the expression patterns of the chemokine receptors in CD14+CD16- circulating monocytes from KOA patients and healthy volunteers. The expression of chemokines in synovial fluids, synovium and cartilage was investigated in KOA patients and in patients without KOA. The role of chemokines and their cognate receptors in the chemotaxis of CD14+CD16- circulating monocytes was assessed using chemokine neutralizing antibodies (NA) and receptor antagonists in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The majority of CD14+CD16- circulating monocytes were CCR1-and CCR2-positive. CCL2, CCL3 and CCL4 were elevated in synovial fluid of KOA patients compared with that of controls. The most likely source of these chemokines is inflamed synovium and cartilage in the osteoarthritic knee. The CCL3/CCR1 and CCL2/CCR2 axes showed substantial ability to recruit CD14+CD16- monocytes in transwell assays. Similar results were confirmed in a mouse model of collagenase-induced KOA (CIA) in which blocking either the CCL3/CCR1 axis or the CCL2/CCR2 axis reduced synovial hyperplasia and F4/80+ macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that, analogous to the CCL2/CCR2 axis, CCL3 produced in osteoarthritic knees can chemoattract circulating monocytes to the inflamed synovium through CCR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.
| | - M Gu
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - X Xu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - X Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - G Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - L Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - P Sheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - F Meng
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.
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111
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Bosmans LA, Bosch L, Kusters PJH, Lutgens E, Seijkens TTP. The CD40-CD40L Dyad as Immunotherapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 14:13-22. [PMID: 32222950 PMCID: PMC7892683 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-09994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation drives the development of atherosclerosis. Despite optimal treatment of classical cardiovascular risk factors, a substantial portion of the population has elevated inflammatory biomarkers and develops atherosclerosis-related complications, indicating that a residual inflammatory risk drives atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in these patients. Additional anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies are therefore required. The co-stimulatory molecule CD40 and its ligand CD40L (CD154) have a central role in the regulation of the inflammatory response during the development of atherosclerosis by modulating the interaction between immune cells and between immune cells and non-immune cells. In this review, we discuss the role of the CD40-CD40L dyad in atherosclerosis, and we discuss recent studies on the therapeutic potential of novel CD40-CD40L targeting strategies in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Bosmans
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Bosch
- Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal J H Kusters
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Tom T P Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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112
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Pan Y, Yu C, Huang J, Rong Y, Chen J, Chen M. Bioinformatics analysis of vascular RNA-seq data revealed hub genes and pathways in a novel Tibetan minipig atherosclerosis model induced by a high fat/cholesterol diet. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:54. [PMID: 32213192 PMCID: PMC7098151 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01222-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to cardiovascular events, however, its molecular mechanism remains poorly known. Animal models of atherosclerosis can be a valuable tool to provide insights into the etiology, pathophysiology, and complications of atherosclerosis. In particular, Tibetan minipigs are a feasible model for studying diet-related metabolic and atherosclerotic diseases. METHODS We used vascular transcriptomics to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in high fat/cholesterol (HFC) diet-fed Tibetan minipig atherosclerosis models, analyzed the DEGs gene ontology (GO) terms, pathways and protein-protein interactions (PPI) networks, and identified hub genes and key modules using molecular complex detection (MCODE), Centiscape and CytoHubba plugin. The identified genes were validated using the human carotid atherosclerosis database (GSEA 43292) and RT-PCR methods. RESULTS Our results showed that minipigs displayed obvious dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, atherosclerotic plaques, as well as increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and leukocyte recruitment after 24 weeks of HFC diet feeding compared to those under a regular diet. Our RNA-seq results revealed 1716 DEGs in the atherosclerotic/NC group, of which 1468 genes were up-regulated and 248 genes were down-regulated. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that the HFC diet-induced changes are related to vascular immune-inflammatory responses, lipid metabolism and muscle contraction, indicating that hypercholesterolemia caused by HFC diet can activate innate and adaptive immune responses to drive atherosclerosis development. Furthermore, we identified four modules from the major PPI network, which are implicated in cell chemotaxis, myeloid leukocyte activation, cytokine production, and lymphocyte activation. Fifteen hub genes were discovered, including TNF, PTPRC, ITGB2, ITGAM, VCAM1, CXCR4, TYROBP, TLR4, LCP2, C5AR1, CD86, MMP9, PTPN6, C3, and CXCL10, as well as two transcription factors (TF), i.e. NF-ĸB1 and SPI1. These results are consistent with the expression patterns in human carotid plaque and were validated by RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS The identified DEGs and their enriched pathways provide references for the development and progression mechanism of Tibetan minipig atherosclerosis model induced by the HFC diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Pan
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yili Rong
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Minli Chen
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and the resultant metabolic dysfunction, which can lead to hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance and their downstream sequelae of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. While macrophages are the most abundant immune cell type in adipose tissue, other immune cells are also present, such as B cells, which play important roles in regulating adipose tissue inflammation. This brief review will overview B-cell subsets, describe their localization in various adipose depots and summarize our knowledge about the function of these B-cell subsets in regulating adipose tissue inflammation, obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Srikakulapu
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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114
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Cangrelor alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting platelet activation in mice. Mol Immunol 2020; 120:83-92. [PMID: 32106023 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive chronic inflammatory lung disease whose pathogenesis is complicated. Platelets and neutrophils play important roles in the progression of pulmonary inflammation. We have reported that cangrelor, a non-sepesific GPR17 antagonist, alleviates pulmonary fibrosis partly by inhibiting macrophage inflammation in mice. Cangrelor is also a well-known anti-platelet agent. To test whether cangrelor mitigated pulmonary fibrosis partly through the inhibition of platelets, bleomycin (BLM) was used to induce pulmonary fibrosis in C57BL/6 J mice. We found that cangrelor (10 mg/kg) not only significantly decreased BLM-induced release of inflammatory cytokines (PF4, CD40 L and MPO), but also decreased the increment of platelets, neutrophils and platelet-neutrophil aggregates in the fibrotic lung and in the peripheral blood of BLM-treated mice. In addition, cangrelor decreased the number of CD40 and MPO double positive neutrophils and the expression level of CD40 in BLM-treated mouse lungs. Based on these results we conclude that cangrelor alleviates BLM-induced lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in mice, partly through inhibition of platelet activation, therefore reducing the infiltration of neutrophils due to the adhesion of platelets and neutrophils mediated by CD40 - CD40 L interaction. Cangrelor could be a potential therapeutic medicine for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Li H, Tang C, Zhu X, Zhang W, Abudupataer M, Ding S, Duan C, Yang X, Ge J. Histamine deficiency facilitates coronary microthrombosis after myocardial infarction by increasing neutrophil-platelet interactions. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3504-3520. [PMID: 32064748 PMCID: PMC7131923 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil‐platelet interactions are responsible for thrombosis as well as inflammatory responses following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). While histamine has been shown to play a crucial role in many physiological and pathological processes, its effects on neutrophil‐platelet interactions in thromboinflammatory complications of AMI remain elusive. In this study, we show a previously unknown mechanism by which neutrophil‐derived histamine protects the infarcted heart from excessive neutrophil‐platelet interactions and redundant arterial thrombosis. Using histamine‐deficient (histidine decarboxylase knockout, HDC−/−) and wild‐type murine AMI models, we demonstrate that histamine deficiency increases the number of microthrombosis after AMI, in accordance with depressed cardiac function. Histamine‐producing myeloid cells, mainly Ly6G+ neutrophils, directly participate in arteriole thrombosis. Histamine deficiency elevates platelet activation and aggregation by enhancing Akt phosphorylation and leads to dysfunctional characteristics in neutrophils which was confirmed by high levels of reactive oxygen species production and CD11b expression. Furthermore, HDC−/− platelets were shown to elicit neutrophil extracellular nucleosomes release, provoke neutrophil‐platelet interactions and promote HDC‐expressing neutrophils recruitment in arteriole thrombosis in vivo. In conclusion, we provide evidence that histamine deficiency promotes coronary microthrombosis and deteriorates cardiac function post‐AMI, which is associated with the enhanced platelets/neutrophils function and neutrophil‐platelet interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China.,Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mieradilijiang Abudupataer
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suling Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiwen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China.,Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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116
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Kojok K, Akoum SE, Mohsen M, Mourad W, Merhi Y. CD40L Priming of Platelets via NF-κB Activation is CD40- and TAK1-Dependent. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e03677. [PMID: 30571597 PMCID: PMC6405550 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background CD40 ligand (CD40L) is a thromboinflammatory molecule that predicts cardiovascular events. CD40L is a strong activator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) in platelets that primes and enhances platelet activation in response to thrombotic stimuli. In addition to its classical receptor CD40, CD40L binds αIIbβ3, α5β1, and αMβ2 in various cell types. However, the function of the different CD40L receptors on platelets remains unexplored. The present study aims to identify the receptors of CD40L, involved in platelet NF‐κB activation, their downstream signaling and their implication in platelet aggregation. Methods and Results We showed that platelets express CD40, αIIbβ3, and α5β1 and release CD40L in response to sCD40L stimulation. sCD40L alone dose‐dependently induced platelet NF‐κB activation; this effect was absent in CD40−/− mouse platelets and inhibited by the CD40 blockade, but was unaffected by the αIIbβ3 or α5β1 blockade in human platelets. sCD40L/CD40 axis activates transforming growth factor‐β‐activated kinase 1 upstream of NF‐κB. In functional studies, sCD40L alone did not affect platelet aggregation but potentiated the aggregation response in the presence of suboptimal doses of thrombin; this effect was abolished by CD40, transforming growth factor‐β‐activated kinase 1, and NF‐κB inhibitors. Conclusions CD40L primes platelets via signaling pathways involving CD40/transforming growth factor‐β‐activated kinase 1/NF‐κB, which predisposes platelets to enhanced activation and aggregation in response to thrombotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kojok
- 1 Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre Montreal QC Canada.,2 Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal QC Canada
| | - Souhad El Akoum
- 1 Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre Montreal QC Canada.,2 Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal QC Canada
| | - Mira Mohsen
- 1 Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre Montreal QC Canada.,2 Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal QC Canada
| | - Walid Mourad
- 2 Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal QC Canada.,3 Research Centre Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal QC Canada
| | - Yahye Merhi
- 1 Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre Montreal QC Canada.,2 Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal QC Canada
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Margraf A, Zarbock A. Platelets in Inflammation and Resolution. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2357-2367. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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118
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Gergei I, Kälsch T, Scharnagl H, Kleber ME, Zirlik A, März W, Krämer BK, Kälsch AI. Association of soluble CD40L with short-term and long-term cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. Atherosclerosis 2019; 291:127-131. [PMID: 31558283 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The CD40-CD40 Ligand (CD40L) system has an important role in vascular inflammation. For this reason, we assessed the association of soluble CD40L with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. METHODS Plasma levels of sCD40L were determined in 2759 persons using an enzyme immunoassay. Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed to evaluate the association between plasma concentration of sCD40 ligand and short-term (12 months) and long-term (10 years) mortality. Subpopulation analyses were conducted in seven different risk groups. Cox regression models were adjusted for traditional risk factors. RESULTS The present study did not reveal significant association between sCD40L plasma levels and all-cause mortality, as well as cardiovascular mortality at one-year follow-up. In selected subgroups only, significant association between elevated sCD40L plasma levels and short-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality could be observed. With regard to long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality analyses, no significant correlation with increased plasma levels of sCD40L could be detected, neither overall nor in any subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Soluble sCD40L is not associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in this large cohort. Only in selected patient subgroups elevated levels of sCD40L correlate with short-term mortality but this correlation disappears in long-term analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Gergei
- 5th Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kälsch
- Medical Practice Brühler Internisten, Brühl, Germany and Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- 5th Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Winfried März
- 5th Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria; SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland, Mannheim and Augsburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- 5th Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Isabelle Kälsch
- 5th Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kojok K, El-Kadiry AEH, Merhi Y. Role of NF-κB in Platelet Function. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4185. [PMID: 31461836 PMCID: PMC6747346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are megakaryocyte-derived fragments lacking nuclei and prepped to maintain primary hemostasis by initiating blood clots on injured vascular endothelia. Pathologically, platelets undergo the same physiological processes of activation, secretion, and aggregation yet with such pronouncedness that they orchestrate and make headway the progression of atherothrombotic diseases not only through clot formation but also via forcing a pro-inflammatory state. Indeed, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is largely implicated in atherosclerosis and its pathological complication in atherothrombotic diseases due to its transcriptional role in maintaining pro-survival and pro-inflammatory states in vascular and blood cells. On the other hand, we know little on the functions of platelet NF-κB, which seems to function in other non-genomic ways to modulate atherothrombosis. Therein, this review will resemble a rich portfolio for NF-κB in platelets, specifically showing its implications at the levels of platelet survival and function. We will also share the knowledge thus far on the effects of active ingredients on NF-κB in general, as an extrapolative method to highlight the potential therapeutic targeting of NF-κB in coronary diseases. Finally, we will unzip a new horizon on a possible extra-platelet role of platelet NF-κB, which will better expand our knowledge on the etiology and pathophysiology of atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kojok
- The Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, H1T 1C8, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, QC, Canada
| | - Abed El-Hakim El-Kadiry
- The Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, H1T 1C8, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, QC, Canada
| | - Yahye Merhi
- The Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, H1T 1C8, QC, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, QC, Canada.
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120
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Takada YK, Yu J, Shimoda M, Takada Y. Integrin Binding to the Trimeric Interface of CD40L Plays a Critical Role in CD40/CD40L Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1383-1391. [PMID: 31331973 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CD40L plays a major role in immune response and is a major therapeutic target for inflammation. Integrin α5β1 and CD40 simultaneously bind to CD40L. It is unclear if α5β1 and CD40 work together in CD40/CD40L signaling or how α5β1 binds to CD40L. In this article, we describe that the integrin-binding site of human CD40L is predicted to be located in the trimeric interface by docking simulation. Mutations in the predicted integrin-binding site markedly reduced the binding of α5β1 to CD40L. Several CD40L mutants defective in integrin binding were defective in NF-κB activation and B cell activation and suppressed CD40L signaling induced by wild-type CD40L; however, they still bound to CD40. These findings suggest that integrin α5β1 binds to monomeric CD40L through the binding site in the trimeric interface of CD40L, and this plays a critical role in CD40/CD40L signaling. Integrin αvβ3, a widely distributed vascular integrin, bound to CD40L in a KGD-independent manner, suggesting that αvβ3 is a new CD40L receptor. Several missense mutations in CD40L that induce immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM syndrome type 1 (HIGM1) are clustered in the integrin-binding site of the trimeric interface. These HIGM1 CD40L mutants were defective in binding to α5β1 and αvβ3 (but not to CD40), suggesting that the defect in integrin binding may be a causal factor of HIGM1. These findings suggest that α5β1 and αvβ3 bind to the overlapping binding site in the trimeric interface of monomeric CD40L and generate integrin-CD40L-CD40 ternary complex. CD40L mutants defective in integrins have potential as antagonists of CD40/CD40L signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko K Takada
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817; and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Jessica Yu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817; and
| | - Michiko Shimoda
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817; and
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817; and .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
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Steven S, Dib M, Hausding M, Kashani F, Oelze M, Kröller-Schön S, Hanf A, Daub S, Roohani S, Gramlich Y, Lutgens E, Schulz E, Becker C, Lackner KJ, Kleinert H, Knosalla C, Niesler B, Wild PS, Münzel T, Daiber A. CD40L controls obesity-associated vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction in high fat diet-treated and db/db mice. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:312-323. [PMID: 29036612 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims CD40 ligand (CD40L) signaling controls vascular oxidative stress and related dysfunction in angiotensin-II-induced arterial hypertension by regulating vascular immune cell recruitment and platelet activation. Here we investigated the role of CD40L in experimental hyperlipidemia. Methods and results Male wild type and CD40L-/- mice (C57BL/6 background) were subjected to high fat diet for sixteen weeks. Weight, cholesterol, HDL, and LDL levels, endothelial function (isometric tension recording), oxidative stress (NADPH oxidase expression, dihydroethidium fluorescence) and inflammatory parameters (inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6 expression) were assessed. CD40L expression, weight, leptin and lipids were increased, and endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation were more pronounced in wild type mice on a high fat diet, all of which was almost normalized by CD40L deficiency. Similar results were obtained in diabetic db/db mice with CD40/TRAF6 inhibitor (6877002) therapy. In a small human study higher serum sCD40L levels and an inflammatory phenotype were detected in the blood and Aorta ascendens of obese patients (body mass index > 35) that underwent by-pass surgery. Conclusion CD40L controls obesity-associated vascular inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in mice and potentially humans. Thus, CD40L represents a therapeutic target in lipid metabolic disorders which is a leading cause in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mobin Dib
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Hausding
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Kashani
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alina Hanf
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Daub
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Siyer Roohani
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yves Gramlich
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Eberhard Schulz
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Knosalla
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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Chen W, Li X, Guo S, Song N, Wang J, Jia L, Zhu A. Tanshinone IIA harmonizes the crosstalk of autophagy and polarization in macrophages via miR-375/KLF4 pathway to attenuate atherosclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 70:486-497. [PMID: 30870679 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a pivotal role in destabilizing atherosclerotic plaque. The diverse phenotypes and complex autophagy in macrophage are observed in atherosclerotic lesions. Tanshinone IIA (TNA) is known as the major component extracted from the root of Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, used for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, the therapeutic mechanism of TNA is not clear yet. In this study, we identified inflammation-related gene expression by microarray in atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE knockout mice fed with high fat diet and found miR-375 was one of the significantly high expressed microRNAs compared with wild type mice and TNA treated mice. Then we compared the levels of proteins related to the signal pathway of autophagy, and the phenotype of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques ex vivo. We predicted KLF4 might be the key target of miR-375 that mediated the crosstalk between autophagy and polarization by TNA. Furthermore, we detected the expression of signal pathway in ox-LDL induced macrophages after treatment with TNA in vitro to verify this predict. The results suggest TNA could activate KLF4 and enhance autophagy as well as M2 polarization of macrophages by inhibiting miR-375 to Attenuate Atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Chen
- Department of Medical Science of Laboratory, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ximing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shengnan Guo
- Department of Medical Science of Laboratory, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Nan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- The First Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianqun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Aisong Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
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Orecchioni M, Ghosheh Y, Pramod AB, Ley K. Macrophage Polarization: Different Gene Signatures in M1(LPS+) vs. Classically and M2(LPS-) vs. Alternatively Activated Macrophages. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1084. [PMID: 31178859 PMCID: PMC6543837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1151] [Impact Index Per Article: 230.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are found in tissues, body cavities, and mucosal surfaces. Most tissue macrophages are seeded in the early embryo before definitive hematopoiesis is established. Others are derived from blood monocytes. The macrophage lineage diversification and plasticity are key aspects of their functionality. Macrophages can also be generated from monocytes in vitro and undergo classical (LPS+IFN-γ) or alternative (IL-4) activation. In vivo, macrophages with different polarization and different activation markers coexist in tissues. Certain mouse strains preferentially promote T-helper-1 (Th1) responses and others Th2 responses. Their macrophages preferentially induce iNOS or arginase and have been called M1 and M2, respectively. In many publications, M1 and classically activated and M2 and alternatively activated are used interchangeably. We tested whether this is justified by comparing the gene lists positively [M1(=LPS+)] or negatively [M2(=LPS-)] correlated with the ratio of IL-12 and arginase 1 in transcriptomes of LPS-treated peritoneal macrophages with in vitro classically (LPS, IFN-γ) vs. alternatively activated (IL-4) bone marrow derived macrophages, both from published datasets. Although there is some overlap between in vivo M1(=LPS+) and in vitro classically activated (LPS+IFN-γ) and in vivo M2(=LPS-) and in vitro alternatively activated macrophages, many more genes are regulated in opposite or unrelated ways. Thus, M1(=LPS+) macrophages are not equivalent to classically activated, and M2(=LPS-) macrophages are not equivalent to alternatively activated macrophages. This fundamental discrepancy explains why most surface markers identified on in vitro generated macrophages do not translate to the in vivo situation. Valid in vivo M1/M2 surface markers remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Orecchioni
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yanal Ghosheh
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Akula Bala Pramod
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Klaus Ley
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Liu Y, Carmona-Rivera C, Moore E, Seto NL, Knight JS, Pryor M, Yang ZH, Hemmers S, Remaley AT, Mowen KA, Kaplan MJ. Myeloid-Specific Deletion of Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 Mitigates Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1680. [PMID: 30140264 PMCID: PMC6094966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may play a role in promoting atherosclerotic plaque lesions in humans and in murine models. The exact pathways involved in NET-driven atherogenesis remain to be systematically characterized. To assess the extent to which myeloid-specific peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) and PAD4-dependent NET formation contribute to atherosclerosis, mice with myeloid-specific deletion of PAD4 were generated and backcrossed to Apoe-/- mice. The kinetics of atherosclerosis development were determined. NETs, but not macrophage extracellular traps, were present in atherosclerotic lesions as early as 3 weeks after initiating high-fat chow. The presence of NETs was associated with the development of atherosclerosis and with inflammatory responses in the aorta. Specific deletion of PAD4 in the myeloid lineage significantly reduced atherosclerosis burden in association with diminished NET formation and reduced inflammatory responses in the aorta. NETs stimulated macrophages to synthesize inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, CCL2, CXCL1, and CXCL2. Our data support the notion that NETs promote atherosclerosis and that the use of specific PAD4 inhibitors may have therapeutic benefits in this potentially devastating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Liu
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erica Moore
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nickie L Seto
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jason S Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Milton Pryor
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhi-Hong Yang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Saskia Hemmers
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kerri A Mowen
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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New Insight on a Combination of Policosanol and 10-Dehydrogingerdione Phytochemicals as Inhibitors for Platelet Activation Biomarkers and Atherogenicity Risk in Dyslipidemic Rabbits: Role of CETP and PCSK9 Inhibition. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:805-815. [PMID: 29740798 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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126
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Ultra sensitive quantification of Hg 2+ sorption by functionalized nanoparticles using radioactive tracker spectroscopy. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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127
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Finsterbusch M, Schrottmaier WC, Kral-Pointner JB, Salzmann M, Assinger A. Measuring and interpreting platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Platelets 2018; 29:677-685. [PMID: 29461910 PMCID: PMC6178087 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1430358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelets, besides their specialised role in haemostasis and atherothrombosis, actively modulate innate and adaptive immune responses with crucial roles in immune surveillance, inflammation and host defence during infection. An important prerequisite for platelet-mediated changes of immune functions involves direct engagement with different types of leukocytes. Indeed, increased platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) within the circulation and/or locally at the site of inflammation represent markers of many thrombo-inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, acute lung injury, renal and cerebral inflammation. Therefore, measurement of PLAs could provide an attractive and easily accessible prognostic and/or diagnostic tool for many diseases. To measure PLAs in different (patho-)physiological settings in human and animal models flow cytometric and microscopic approaches have been applied. These techniques represent complementary tools to study different aspects relating to the involvement of leukocyte subtypes and molecules, as well as location of PLAs within tissues, dynamics of their interactions and/or dynamic changes in leukocyte and platelet behaviour. This review summarises various approaches to measure and interpret PLAs and discusses potential experimental factors influencing platelet binding to leukocytes. Furthermore, we summarise insights gained from studies regarding the underlying mechanism of platelet-leukocyte interactions and discuss implications of these interactions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Finsterbusch
- a Department for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research , Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Waltraud C Schrottmaier
- a Department for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research , Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Julia B Kral-Pointner
- a Department for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research , Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- a Department for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research , Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- a Department for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research , Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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Szpak D, Izem L, Verbovetskiy D, Soloviev DA, Yakubenko VP, Pluskota E. α Mβ 2 Is Antiatherogenic in Female but Not Male Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2426-2438. [PMID: 29459405 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory process characterized by monocyte recruitment into the arterial wall, their differentiation into macrophages, and lipid accumulation. Because integrin αMβ2 (CD11b/CD18) mediates multiple diverse functions of leukocytes, we examined its role in atherogenesis. αM-/-/ApoE-/- and ApoE-/- mice were fed a control or high fat diet for 3 or 16 wk to induce atherogenesis. Unexpectedly, αM deficiency accelerated development of atherosclerosis in female but not in male mice. The size of aortic root lesions was 3-4.5-fold larger in female αM-/-/ApoE-/- than in ApoE-/- mice. Monocyte and macrophage content within the lesions was increased 2.5-fold in female αM-/-/ApoE-/- mice due to enhanced proliferation. αMβ2 elimination promoted gender-dependent foam cell formation due to enhanced uptake of cholesterol by αM-/-/ApoE-/- macrophages. This difference was attributed to enhanced expression of lipid uptake receptors, CD36 and scavenger receptor A1 (SR-A1), in female mice. Macrophages from female αM-/-/ApoE-/- mice showed dramatically reduced expression of FoxM1 transcription factor and estrogen receptors (ER) α and β. As their antagonists inhibited the effect of 17β-estradiol (E2), E2 decreased CD36, SR-A1, and foam cell formation in ApoE-/- macrophages in an ERα- and ERβ-dependent manner. However, female αM-/-/ApoE-/- macrophages failed to respond to E2 and maintained elevated CD36, SR-A1, and lipid accumulation. FoxM1 inhibition in ApoE-/- macrophages reduced ERs and enhanced CD36 and SR-A1 expression, whereas FoxM1 overexpression in αM-/-/ApoE-/- macrophages reversed their proatherogenic phenotype. We demonstrate a new, surprising atheroprotective role of αMβ2 in female ApoE-/- mice. αMβ2 maintains ER expression in macrophages and E2-dependent inhibition of foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Szpak
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Lahoucine Izem
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | | | - Dmitry A Soloviev
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Valentin P Yakubenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN 37614
| | - Elzbieta Pluskota
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195;
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129
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Distinct CD40L receptors mediate inflammasome activation and secretion of IL-1β and MCP-1 in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2018; 170:29-39. [PMID: 29454857 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CD40L signaling occurs in several diseases with inflammatory components, including ocular and retinal diseases. However, it has never been evaluated as a pathogenic mechanism in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or as an inducer of inflammasome formation in any cell type. mRNA and protein levels of CD40, IL-1β, NALP1, NALP3, caspase-1, and caspase-5 were determined by RT-PCR, qPCR, and Western blot. CD40L receptor (CD40, α5β1, and CD11b) expression was determined by Western and immunofluorescent staining. IL-1β, IL-18, and MCP-1 secretions were determined by ELISA. NALP1 and NALP3 inflammasome formation were determined by Co-IP. Experiments were conducted on primary human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells from four different donors. Human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) and monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cells demonstrated the general applicability of our findings. In hRPE cells, CD40L-induced NALP1 and NALP3 inflammasome activation, cleavage of caspase-1 and caspase-5, and IL-1β and IL-18 secretion. Interestingly, neutralizing CD11b and α5β1 antibodies, but not CD40, reduced CD40L-induced IL-1β secretion in hRPE cells. Similarly, CD40L treatment also induced HUVEC and THP-1 cells to secret IL-1β through CD11b and α5β1. Additionally, the CD40L-induced IL-1β secretion acted in an autocrine/paracrine manner to feed back and induce hRPE cells to secrete MCP-1. This study is the first to show that CD40L induces inflammasome activation in any cell type, including hRPE cells, and that this induction is through CD11b and α5β1 cell-surface receptors. These mechanisms likely play an important role in many retinal and non-retinal diseases and provide compelling drug targets that may help reduce pro-inflammatory processes.
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130
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Gene expression profile analysis of the progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5789-5795. [PMID: 29436628 PMCID: PMC5866022 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the universal gene expression signature and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. The gene expression dataset, GSE28829, containing 13 early and 16 advanced carotid atherosclerotic plaques was selected for analysis. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and analyzed using bioinformatics analyses, including cluster analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses. Finally, a protein‑protein interaction (PPI) was constructed and analyzed. A total of 515 downregulated and 243 downregulated DEGs were identified. The cluster analysis revealed two separate two groups. In addition, the GO terms enriched by the upregulated DEGs were associated with immune response, and the downregulated DEGs were associated with cell adhesion. The upregulated DEGs were enriched in pathways associated with signaling in the immune system, and the downregulated DEGs were enriched in pathways associated with muscle contraction. In the PPI network analysis, ITGAM and ACTN2 had the highest decrees of connectivity in the upregulated and downregulated DEGs, respectively. These findings suggested that deregulation of the immune system and smooth muscle cell cytoskeleton accelerates the progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. The DEGs identified may offer potential in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis in the carotid artery.
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131
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Wolf D, Anto-Michel N, Blankenbach H, Wiedemann A, Buscher K, Hohmann JD, Lim B, Bäuml M, Marki A, Mauler M, Duerschmied D, Fan Z, Winkels H, Sidler D, Diehl P, Zajonc DM, Hilgendorf I, Stachon P, Marchini T, Willecke F, Schell M, Sommer B, von Zur Muhlen C, Reinöhl J, Gerhardt T, Plow EF, Yakubenko V, Libby P, Bode C, Ley K, Peter K, Zirlik A. A ligand-specific blockade of the integrin Mac-1 selectively targets pathologic inflammation while maintaining protective host-defense. Nat Commun 2018; 9:525. [PMID: 29410422 PMCID: PMC5802769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-based therapeutics have garnered considerable interest in the medical treatment of inflammation. Integrins mediate the fast recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils to the site of inflammation, but are also required for host defense, limiting their therapeutic use. Here, we report a novel monoclonal antibody, anti-M7, that specifically blocks the interaction of the integrin Mac-1 with its pro-inflammatory ligand CD40L, while not interfering with alternative ligands. Anti-M7 selectively reduces leukocyte recruitment in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, conventional anti-Mac-1 therapy is not specific and blocks a broad repertoire of integrin functionality, inhibits phagocytosis, promotes apoptosis, and fuels a cytokine storm in vivo. Whereas conventional anti-integrin therapy potentiates bacterial sepsis, bacteremia, and mortality, a ligand-specific intervention with anti-M7 is protective. These findings deepen our understanding of ligand-specific integrin functions and open a path for a new field of ligand-targeted anti-integrin therapy to prevent inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Wolf
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany.,Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nathaly Anto-Michel
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Hermann Blankenbach
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Ansgar Wiedemann
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Konrad Buscher
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jan David Hohmann
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 8008, VIC, Australia
| | - Bock Lim
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 8008, VIC, Australia
| | - Marina Bäuml
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Alex Marki
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Maximilian Mauler
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Holger Winkels
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Daniel Sidler
- Division of Nephrology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Diehl
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Dirk M Zajonc
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Peter Stachon
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Florian Willecke
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schell
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany.,Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Björn Sommer
- Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the University of Erlangen, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Constantin von Zur Muhlen
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Jochen Reinöhl
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Teresa Gerhardt
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Valentin Yakubenko
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christoph Bode
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Klaus Ley
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 8008, VIC, Australia.
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
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132
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Soehnlein O. Decision shaping neutrophil-platelet interplay in inflammation: From physiology to intervention. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48. [PMID: 29226390 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a well-coordinated process in response to tissue injury or infection aimed at restoration of tissue homoeostasis. Platelets and neutrophils are typically viewed important in the context of haemostasis and bacterial killing, respectively. However, as these cells are equipped with readily available armoury, both have received much attention for their importance in shaping the early inflammatory reaction in recent years. While some of these activities are executed individually, both cells join forces during much of their pro-inflammatory activities. This brief review summarizes recently identified mechanisms of neutrophil-platelet interaction and describes functional consequences on neutrophil trafficking and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Moreover, the synergy of neutrophils and platelets during the recruitment of monocytes is reviewed. Finally, this review discusses how knowledge on the intimate neutrophil-platelet partnership can be employed to design interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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133
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Jin R, Xiao AY, Song Z, Yu S, Li J, Cui MZ, Li G. Platelet CD40 Mediates Leukocyte Recruitment and Neointima Formation after Arterial Denudation Injury in Atherosclerosis-Prone Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:252-263. [PMID: 29037856 PMCID: PMC5745524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of platelets in the development of thrombosis and abrupt closure after angioplasty is well recognized. However, the direct impact of platelets on neointima formation after arterial injury remains undetermined. Herein, we show that neointima formation after carotid artery wire injury reduces markedly in CD40-/- apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice but only slightly in CD40 ligand-/-apoE-/- mice, compared with apoE-/- mice. Wild-type and CD40-deficient platelets were isolated from blood of apoE-/- and CD40-/-apoE-/- mice, respectively. The i.v. injection of thrombin-activated platelets into CD40-/-apoE-/- mice was performed every 5 days, starting at 2 days before wire injury. Injection of wild-type platelets promoted neointima formation, which was associated with increased inflammation by stimulating leukocyte recruitment via up-regulation of circulating platelet surface P-selectin expression and the formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates. It was also associated with further promoting the luminal deposition of platelet-derived regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 and expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in wire-injured carotid arteries. Remarkably, all these inflammatory actions by activated platelets were abrogated by lack of CD40 on injected platelets. Moreover, injection of wild-type platelets inhibited endothelial recovery in wire-injured carotid arteries, but this effect was also abrogated by lack of CD40 on injected platelets. Results suggest that platelet CD40 plays a pivotal role in neointima formation after arterial injury and might represent an attractive target to prevent restenosis after vascular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of Neurosurgery, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam Y Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Zifang Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Shiyong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jarvis Li
- Caddo Magnet High School, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Mei-Zhen Cui
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Guohong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of Neurosurgery, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana.
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134
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Wolf D, Stachon P, Bode C, Zirlik A. Inflammatory mechanisms in atherosclerosis. Hamostaseologie 2017; 34:63-71. [DOI: 10.5482/hamo-13-09-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SummaryThroughout the last two decades inflammation has been recognized as the central mechanism underlying atherogenesis. A multitude of basic science work demonstrates the pivotal role of inflammatory processes during every step of atherosclerotic plaque formation: From initiation via propagation to complication.This review describes some of the key mechanisms involved with a particular focus on the diverse group of inflammatory cells and their subsets that distinctly contribute to atherogenic and anti-atherogenic phenomena. Furthermore, we summarize the controlling action of a tight network of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines orchestrating the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effector functions. Finally, the current status of clinical trials evaluating anti-inflammatory/ immune-modulatory treatment strategies is summarized and an outlook for future therapeutic implications is provided.
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135
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Nurden A. Platelets, inflammation and tissue regeneration. Thromb Haemost 2017; 105 Suppl 1:S13-33. [DOI: 10.1160/ths10-11-0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SummaryBlood platelets have long been recognised to bring about primary haemostasis with deficiencies in platelet production and function manifesting in bleeding while upregulated function favourises arterial thrombosis. Yet increasing evidence indicates that platelets fulfil a much wider role in health and disease. First, they store and release a wide range of biologically active substances including the panoply of growth factors, chemokines and cytokines released from α-granules. Membrane budding gives rise to microparticles (MPs), another active participant within the blood stream. Platelets are essential for the innate immune response and combat infection (viruses, bacteria, micro-organisms). They help maintain and modulate inflammation and are a major source of pro-inflammatory molecules (e.g. P-selectin, tissue factor, CD40L, metalloproteinases). As well as promoting coagulation, they are active in fibrinolysis; wound healing, angiogenesis and bone formation as well as in maternal tissue and foetal vascular remodelling. Activated platelets and MPs intervene in the propagation of major diseases. They are major players in atherosclerosis and related diseases, pathologies of the central nervous system (Alzheimers disease, multiple sclerosis), cancer and tumour growth. They participate in other tissue-related acquired pathologies such as skin diseases and allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, liver disease; while, paradoxically, autologous platelet-rich plasma and platelet releasate are being used as an aid to promote tissue repair and cellular growth. The above mentioned roles of platelets are now discussed.
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136
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Gerdes N, Zirlik A. Co-stimulatory molecules in and beyond co-stimulation – tipping the balance in atherosclerosis? Thromb Haemost 2017; 106:804-13. [DOI: 10.1160/th11-09-0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SummaryA plethora of basic laboratory and clinical studies has uncovered the chronic inflammatory nature of atherosclerosis. The adaptive immune system with its front-runner, the T cell, drives the atherogenic process at all stages. T cell function is dependent on and controlled by a variety of either co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory signals. In addition, many of these proteins enfold T cell-independent pro-atherogenic functions on a variety of cell types. Accordingly they represent potential targets for immune- modulatory and/or anti-inflammatory therapy of atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the diverse role of co-stimulatory molecules of the B7 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-superfamily and their downstream signalling effectors in atherosclerosis. In particular, the contribution of CD28/CD80/CD86/CTLA4, ICOS/ICOSL, PD-1/PDL-1/2, TRAF, CD40/CD154, OX40/OX40L, CD137/CD137L, CD70/CD27, GITR/GITRL, and LIGHT to arterial disease is reviewed. Finally, the potential for a therapeutic exploitation of these molecules in the treatment of atherosclerosis is discussed.
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Rupprecht B, Wolf D, Hergeth S, Hoppe N, Dufner B, Schulte L, Michel N, Bukosza N, Marchini T, Jäckel M, Stachon P, Hilgendorf I, Zeschky K, Schleicher R, Langer HF, von zur Muhlen C, Bode C, Peter K, Willecke F, Tiwari S, Zirlik A. Interruption of classic CD40L-CD40 signalling but not of the novel CD40L-Mac-1 interaction limits arterial neointima formation in mice. Thromb Haemost 2017; 112:379-89. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-08-0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe co-stimulatory immune molecule CD40L figures prominently in a variety of inflammatory conditions including arterial disease. Recently, we made the surprising finding that CD40L mediates atherogenesis independently of its classic receptor CD40 via a novel interaction with the leukocyte integrin Mac-1. Here, we hypothesised that selective blockade of the CD40L-Mac-1 interaction may also retard restenosis. We induced neointima formation in C57/BL6 mice by ligation of the left carotid artery. Mice were randomised to daily intraperitoneal injections of either cM7, a small peptide selectively inhibiting the CD40L-Mac-1 interaction, scM7, a scrambled control peptide, or saline for 28 days. Interestingly, cM7-treated mice developed neointima of similar size compared with mice receiving the control peptide or saline as assessed by computer-assisted analysis of histological cross sections. These data demonstrate that the CD40L-Mac-1 interaction is not required for the development of restenosis. In contrast, CD40-deficient mice subjected to carotid ligation in parallel, developed significantly reduced neointimal lesions compared with respective wild-type controls (2872 ± 843 µm² vs 35469 ± 11870 µm²). Flow cytometry in CD40-deficient mice revealed reduced formation of platelet-granulocyte and platelet-inflammatory monocyte-aggregates. In vitro, supernatants of CD40-deficient platelet-leukocyte aggregates attenuated proliferation and increased apoptosis of smooth muscle cells. Unlike in the setting of atherosclerosis, CD40L mediates neointima formation via its classic receptor CD40 rather than via its recently described novel interaction with Mac-1. Therefore, selective targeting of CD40L-Mac-1 binding does not appear to be a favorable strategy to fight restenosis.
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Gil-Pulido J, Cochain C, Lippert MA, Schneider N, Butt E, Amézaga N, Zernecke A. Deletion of Batf3-dependent antigen-presenting cells does not affect atherosclerotic lesion formation in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181947. [PMID: 28771609 PMCID: PMC5542449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause for cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke and its development might be influenced by immune cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) bridge innate and adaptive immune responses by presenting antigens to T cells and releasing a variety of cytokines. Several subsets of DCs can be discriminated that engage specific transcriptional pathways for their development. Basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like 3 (Batf3) is required for the development of classical CD8α+ and CD103+ DCs. By crossing mice deficient in Batf3 with atherosclerosis-prone low density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr-/-)-deficient mice we here aimed to further address the contribution of Batf3-dependent CD8α+ and CD103+ antigen-presenting cells to atherosclerosis. We demonstrate that deficiency in Batf3 entailed mild effects on the immune response in the spleen but did not alter atherosclerotic lesion formation in the aorta or aortic root, nor affected plaque phenotype in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice fed a high fat diet. We thus provide evidence that Batf3-dependent antigen-presenting cells do not have a prominent role in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Gil-Pulido
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clement Cochain
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Malte A. Lippert
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Schneider
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elke Butt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Núria Amézaga
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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139
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Michel NA, Zirlik A, Wolf D. CD40L and Its Receptors in Atherothrombosis-An Update. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:40. [PMID: 28676852 PMCID: PMC5477003 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40L (CD154), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, is a co-stimulatory molecule that was first discovered on activated T cells. Beyond its fundamental role in adaptive immunity-ligation of CD40L to its receptor CD40 is a prerequisite for B cell activation and antibody production-evidence from more than two decades has expanded our understanding of CD40L as a powerful modulator of inflammatory pathways. Although inhibition of CD40L with neutralizing antibodies has induced life-threatening side effects in clinical trials, the discovery of cell-specific effects and novel receptors with distinct functional consequences has opened a new path for therapies that specifically target detrimental properties of CD40L. Here, we carefully evaluate the signaling network of CD40L by gene enrichment analysis and its cell-specific expression, and thoroughly discuss its role in cardiovascular pathologies with a specific emphasis on atherosclerotic and thrombotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Anto Michel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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140
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Ley K, Gerdes N, Winkels H. ATVB Distinguished Scientist Award: How Costimulatory and Coinhibitory Pathways Shape Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:764-777. [PMID: 28360089 PMCID: PMC5424816 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.308611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune cells play a critical role in atherosclerosis. Costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and CD28 immunoglobulin superfamilies not only shape T-cell and B-cell responses but also have a major effect on antigen-presenting cells and nonimmune cells. APPROACH AND RESULTS Pharmacological inhibition or activation of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules and genetic deletion demonstrated their involvement in atherosclerosis. This review highlights recent advances in understanding how costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways shape the immune response in atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Insights gained from costimulatory and coinhibitory molecule function in atherosclerosis may inform future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ley
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA (K.L., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany (N.G.); and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (N.G.).
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA (K.L., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany (N.G.); and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (N.G.)
| | - Holger Winkels
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA (K.L., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany (N.G.); and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (N.G.)
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141
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Wolf D, Bukosza N, Engel D, Poggi M, Jehle F, Anto Michel N, Chen YC, Colberg C, Hoppe N, Dufner B, Boon L, Blankenbach H, Hilgendorf I, von Zur Muhlen C, Reinöhl J, Sommer B, Marchini T, Febbraio MA, Weber C, Bode C, Peter K, Lutgens E, Zirlik A. Inflammation, but not recruitment, of adipose tissue macrophages requires signalling through Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) in diet-induced obesity (DIO). Thromb Haemost 2016; 117:325-338. [PMID: 27853810 DOI: 10.1160/th16-07-0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell accumulation is a prerequisite for adipose tissue inflammation. The leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, αMβ2) is a classic adhesion receptor critically regulating inflammatory cell recruitment. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a genetic deficiency and a therapeutic modulation of Mac-1 regulate adipose tissue inflammation in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). C57Bl6/J mice genetically deficient (Mac-1-/-) or competent for Mac-1 (WT) consumed a high fat diet for 20 weeks. Surprisingly, Mac-1-/- mice presented with increased diet-induced weight gain, decreased insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and in the liver in insulin-clamps, insulin secretion deficiency and elevated glucose levels in fasting animals, and dyslipidaemia. Unexpectedly, accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) was unaffected, while gene expression indicated less inflamed adipose tissue and macrophages in Mac-1-/- mice. In contrast, inflammatory gene expression at distant locations, such as in skeletal muscle, was not changed. Treatment of ATMs with an agonistic anti-Mac-1 antibody, M1/70, induced pro-inflammatory genes in cell culture. In vivo, treatment with M1/70 induced a hyper-inflammatory phenotype with increased expression of IL-6 and MCP-1, whereas accumulation of ATMs did not change. Finally, inhibition of Mac-1's adhesive interaction to CD40L by the peptide inhibitor cM7 did not affect myeloid cell accumulation in adipose tissue. We present the surprising finding that adhesive properties of the leukocyte integrin Mac-1 are not required for macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. Instead, Mac-1 modulates inflammatory gene expression in macrophages. These findings question the net effect of integrin blockade in cardio-metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karlheinz Peter
- Prof. Dr. Karlheinz Peter, Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, P. O. Box 6492. St. Kilda Road Central, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia, Tel.: +61 3 8532 1490, Fax: +61 3 8532 1100, E-mail:
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142
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Zirlik A, Lutgens E. An inflammatory link in atherosclerosis and obesity. Co-stimulatory molecules. Hamostaseologie 2016. [PMID: 26225729 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-12-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction are lipid-driven inflammatory pathologies responsible for a major part of cardiovascular complications. Immune cell activation as well as interactions between the different immune cells is dependent on and controlled by a variety of co-stimulatory signals. These co-stimulatory signals can either aggravate or ameliorate the disease depending on the stage of the disease, the cell-types involved and the signal transduction cascades initiated. This review focuses on the diverse roles of the most established co-stimulatory molecules of the B7 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR) families, ie the CD28/CTLA4-CD80/CD86 and CD40L/CD40 dyads in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and obesity. In addition, we will explore their potential as therapeutic targets in both atherosclerosis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zirlik
- Prof. Andreas Zirlik, Atherogenesis Research Group, Heart Center Freiburg University, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Germany, E-mail:
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143
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Wang X, Hu YC, Zhang RY, Jin DX, Jiang Y, Zhang HN, Cong HL. Effect of cyclosporin A intervention on the immunological mechanisms of coronary heart disease and restenosis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3242-3248. [PMID: 27882144 PMCID: PMC5103772 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of cyclosporin A (CSA) intervention on the immunological mechanisms underlying coronary heart disease (CHD) and restenosis (RS) in rabbits. A total of 48 rabbits were randomly divided into normal control (N), N + CSA, CHD model, CHD + CSA, RS model and RS + CSA groups. Rabbits in the respective groups received different treatments prior to sacrifice at the end of week 12. Iliac arteries were harvested from the rabbits for morphological analysis and to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of cluster of differentiation (CD) 40/CD40 ligand (CD40L), CD134/CD134 ligand (CD134L) and inflammatory factors, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-9, vascular cell adhesion protein (VCAM)-1, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining. As compared with the N group, the mRNA expression levels of MMP-9, VCAM-1 and TNF-α were significantly increased in the CHD and RS groups (P<0.05), but were significantly decreased in the groups with CSA intervention, as compared with those without CSA intervention (P<0.05). Conversely, there were no significant differences in the expression levels of MMP-1 and IL-6 among the six groups, although a decreasing trend of IL-6 expression was observed following intervention with CSA. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the mRNA and protein expression levels of CD40/CD40L and CD134/CD134L among the N, CHD and RS groups (P<0.05), and between the groups with and without CSA intervention. The present study demonstrated that CSA intervention exerted beneficial effects on CHD and RS, and further studies are required to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of CSA on CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Cardiology Department, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China; Cardiology Department, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Cheng Hu
- Cardiology Department, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Yan Zhang
- Cardiology Department, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Xia Jin
- Cardiology Department, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Cardiology Department, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - He-Nan Zhang
- Cardiology Department, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Liang Cong
- Cardiology Department, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
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144
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Bachsais M, Naddaf N, Yacoub D, Salti S, Alaaeddine N, Aoudjit F, Hassan GS, Mourad W. The Interaction of CD154 with the α5β1 Integrin Inhibits Fas-Induced T Cell Death. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158987. [PMID: 27391025 PMCID: PMC4938623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD154, a critical regulator of the immune response, is usually associated with chronic inflammatory, autoimmune diseases as well as malignant disorders. In addition to its classical receptor CD40, CD154 is capable of binding other receptors, members of the integrin family, the αIIbβ3, αMβ2 and α5β1. Given the role attributed to integrins and particularly the β1 integrins in inhibiting apoptotic events in normal as well as malignant T cells, we were highly interested in investigating the role of the CD154/α5β1 interaction in promoting survival of malignant T cells contributing as such to tumor development and/or propagation. To support our hypothesis, we first show that soluble CD154 binds to the T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, Jurkat E6.1 in a α5β1-dependent manner. Binding of soluble CD154 to α5β1 integrin of Jurkat cells leads to the activation of key survival proteins, including the p38 and ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI-3K), and Akt. Interestingly, soluble CD154 significantly inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis in T cell leukemia-lymphoma cell lines, Jurkat E6.1 and HUT78 cells, an important hallmark of T cell survival during malignancy progression. These anti-apoptotic effects were mainly mediated by the activation of the PI-3K/Akt pathway but also involved the p38 and the ERK1/2 MAPKs cascades. Our data also demonstrated that the CD154-triggered inhibition of the Fas-mediated cell death response was dependent on a suppression of caspase-8 cleavage, but independent of de novo protein synthesis or alterations in Fas expression on cell surface. Together, our results highlight the impact of the CD154/α5β1 interaction in T cell function/survival and identify novel targets for the treatment of malignant disorders, particularly of T cell origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Bachsais
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Room 10-482, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadim Naddaf
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Room 10-482, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Yacoub
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Room 10-482, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Suzanne Salti
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Room 10-482, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nada Alaaeddine
- Department of Pathology, 11-5076, Faculty of Medicine, St Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fawzi Aoudjit
- Centre de recherche en immunologie et rhumatologie, CHUL, 2705, Boul Laurier, QC, Canada
| | - Ghada S. Hassan
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Room 10-482, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Walid Mourad
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Room 10-482, Montréal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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145
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Getz GS, Reardon CA. Do the Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- Mice Yield the Same Insight on Atherogenesis? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1734-41. [PMID: 27386935 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.306874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Murine models of atherosclerosis are useful for investigating the environmental and genetic influences on lesion formation and composition. Apoe(-/-) and Ldlr(-/-) mice are the 2 most extensively used models. The models differ in important ways with respect to the precise mechanism by which their absence enhances atherosclerosis, including differences in plasma lipoproteins. The majority of the gene function studies have utilized only 1 model, with the results being generalized to atherogenic mechanisms. In only a relatively few cases have studies been conducted in both atherogenic murine models. This review will discuss important differences between the 2 atherogenic models and will point out studies that have been performed in the 2 models where results are comparable and those where different results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey S Getz
- From the Department of Pathology (G.S.G.) and Ben May Institute for Cancer Biology (C.A.R.), University of Chicago, IL.
| | - Catherine A Reardon
- From the Department of Pathology (G.S.G.) and Ben May Institute for Cancer Biology (C.A.R.), University of Chicago, IL
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146
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Okwor I, Uzonna JE. Pathways leading to interleukin-12 production and protective immunity in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Cell Immunol 2016; 309:32-36. [PMID: 27394077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis affects millions of people worldwide and continues to pose public health problem. There is extensive evidence supporting the critical role for IL-12 in initiating and maintaining protective immune response to Leishmania infection. Although gene deletion studies show that CD40-CD40L interaction is an important pathway for IL-12 production by antigen-presenting cells and subsequent development of protective immunity in cutaneous leishmaniasis, several studies have uncovered other pathways that could also lead to IL-12 production and immunity in the absence of intact CD40-CD40L signaling. Here, we review the literature on the role of IL-12 in the induction and maintenance of protective T cell-mediated immunity in cutaneous leishmaniasis and the different pathways leading to IL-12 production by antigen-presenting cells following Leishmania major infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma Okwor
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 0T5, Canada.
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 0T5, Canada
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147
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Narayanan S, Surette FA, Hahn YS. The Immune Landscape in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Immune Netw 2016; 16:147-58. [PMID: 27340383 PMCID: PMC4917398 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver lies at the intersection of multiple metabolic pathways and consequently plays a central role in lipid metabolism. Pathological disturbances in hepatic lipid metabolism are characteristic of chronic metabolic diseases, such as obesity-mediated insulin resistance, which can result in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Tissue damage induced in NAFLD activates and recruits liver-resident and non-resident immune cells, resulting in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Importantly, NASH is associated with an increased risk of significant clinical sequelae such as cirrhosis, cardiovascular diseases, and malignancies. In this review, we describe the immunopathogenesis of NASH by defining the known functions of immune cells in the progression and resolution of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Narayanan
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Fionna A Surette
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Young S Hahn
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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148
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Abstract
The ultimate outcome of alloreactivity versus tolerance following transplantation is potently influenced by the constellation of cosignaling molecules expressed by immune cells during priming with alloantigen, and the net sum of costimulatory and coinhibitory signals transmitted via ligation of these molecules. Intense investigation over the last two decades has yielded a detailed understanding of the kinetics, cellular distribution, and intracellular signaling networks of cosignaling molecules such as the CD28, TNF, and TIM families of receptors in alloimmunity. More recent work has better defined the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which engagement of cosignaling networks serve to either dampen or augment alloimmunity. These findings will likely aid in the rational development of novel immunomodulatory strategies to prolong graft survival and improve outcomes following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy L Ford
- Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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149
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Predictive value of elevated soluble CD40 ligand in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Coron Artery Dis 2016; 25:558-64. [PMID: 25004238 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND The prognostic value of sCD40L has been documented in patients with acute coronary syndrome; however, its value in acute STEMI remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively enrolled 499 consecutive STEMI patients (397 men, 102 women) undergoing primary PCI. The study population was divided into tertiles on the basis of admission sCD40L values. The high sCD40L group (n=168) included patients with a value in the third tertile (≥0.947 mg/l) and the low sCD40L group (n=331) included patients with a value in the lower two tertiles (<0.947 mg/l). Clinical characteristics and in-hospital and 1-year primary PCI outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS The patients in the high sCD40L group were older (mean age 57.3±12.7 vs. 54.8±11.9, P=0.029). Higher in-hospital and 1-year all-cause mortality rates were observed in the high sCD40L group (7.7 vs. 3.3%, P=0.029; 16.1 vs. 4.8%, P<0.001, respectively). The results of Cox multivariate analysis indicated that a high sCD40L value at admission (>0.947 mg/l) is a powerful independent predictor of 1-year all-cause mortality (odds ratio: 3.68; 95% confidence interval: 1.54-8.77; P=0.003). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that a high sCD40L level at admission is associated with increased in-hospital and 1-year all-cause mortality rates in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI.
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150
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Kral JB, Schrottmaier WC, Salzmann M, Assinger A. Platelet Interaction with Innate Immune Cells. Transfus Med Hemother 2016; 43:78-88. [PMID: 27226790 DOI: 10.1159/000444807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond their traditional role in haemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are increasingly recognised as immune modulatory cells. Activated platelets and platelet-derived microparticles can bind to leukocytes, which stimulates mutual activation and results in rapid, local release of platelet-derived cytokines. Thereby platelets modulate leukocyte effector functions and contribute to inflammatory and immune responses to injury or infection. Platelets enhance leukocyte extravasation, differentiation and cytokine release. Platelet-neutrophil interactions boost oxidative burst, neutrophil extracellular trap formation and phagocytosis and play an important role in host defence. Platelet interactions with monocytes propagate their differentiation into macrophages, modulate cytokine release and attenuate macrophage functions. Depending on the underlying pathology, platelets can enhance or diminish leukocyte cytokine production, indicating that platelet-leukocyte interactions represent a fine balanced system to restrict excessive inflammation during infection. In atherosclerosis, platelet interaction with neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells accelerates key steps of atherogenesis by promoting leukocyte extravasation and foam cell formation. Platelet-leukocyte interactions at sites of atherosclerotic lesions destabilise atherosclerotic plaques and promote plaque rupture. Leukocytes in turn also modulate platelet function and production, which either results in enhanced platelet destruction or increased platelet production. This review aims to summarise the key effects of platelet-leukocyte interactions in inflammation, infection and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Barbara Kral
- Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Manuel Salzmann
- Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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