101
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Fröhlich E. Toxicity of orally inhaled drug formulations at the alveolar barrier: parameters for initial biological screening. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:891-905. [PMID: 28574335 PMCID: PMC8241192 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1333172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral delivery is the most common mode of systemic drug application. Inhalation is mainly used for local therapy of lung diseases but may also be a promising route for systemic delivery of drugs that have poor oral bioavailability. The thin alveolar barrier enables fast and efficient uptake of many molecules and could deliver small molecules and proteins, which are susceptible to degradation and show poor absorption by oral application. The low rate of biotransformation and proteolytic degradation increases bioavailability of drugs but accumulation of not absorbed material may impair normal lung function. This limitation is more relevant for compounds that should be systematically active because higher doses have to be applied to the lung. The review describes processes that determine absorption of orally inhaled formulations, namely dissolution in the lung lining fluid and uptake and degradation by alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages. Dissolution testing in simulated lung fluid, screening for cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory action in respiratory cells and study of macrophage morphology, and phagocytosis can help to identify adverse effects of pulmonary formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- a Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria.,b Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH , Graz , Austria
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102
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Roscioli E, Jersmann HP, Lester S, Badiei A, Fon A, Zalewski P, Hodge S. Zinc deficiency as a codeterminant for airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in an ex vivo model of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:3503-3510. [PMID: 29255357 PMCID: PMC5723110 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s149589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is now convincing evidence that the airway epithelium drives the pathogenesis of COPD. A major aspect of this is the disease-related reduction in barrier function that is potentiated by dysregulation of tight junction (TJ) protein complexes. However, a significant number of studies using in vitro smoke exposure models have not observed alterations in barrier permeability. We have previously shown that zinc (Zn) is an influential cytoprotective factor for the airway epithelium, and its depletion by cigarette smoke produces disease-related modifications consistent with inflammatory changes in COPD. We hypothesized that Zn deficiency is a significant co-stimulus with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for potentiating the leaky barrier phenotype exhibited in COPD. We employed an ex vivo model of differentiated human airway epithelium exposed to Zn depletion and CSE to determine the contribution of Zn in maintaining normal epithelial permeability. Western blot analysis demonstrated a significant downregulation of the TJ proteins such as ZO-1 (−1.93-fold, P<0.05) and Claudin-1 (−3.37-fold, P<0.01) with the combination exposure. Assessment of barrier function via paracellular ionic conductance and tracer permeability also showed that Zn depletion was an important factor, which potentiated an increase in epithelial permeability (P<0.001 for both) compared to Zn depletion or CSE exposures in isolation. Visual inspection of the epithelium using transmission electron microscopy revealed a marked reduction in junction complexes between the adjacent airway epithelial cells treated with a combination of Zn depletion and CSE. These observations identify Zn deficiency as a significant codeterminant with CSE as a factor leading to an increase in airway epithelial permeability. Hence, as Zn dyshomeostasis has been reported in the airway epithelium exposed to chronic cigarette smoke and inflammation, targeting these phenomena may represent a promising strategy to ameliorate the leaky barrier phenotype that is synonymous with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Roscioli
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital.,Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide
| | - Hubertus Pa Jersmann
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital.,Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide
| | - Susan Lester
- Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide.,Department of Rheumatology
| | - Arash Badiei
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital.,Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide
| | - Andrew Fon
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital.,Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide
| | - Peter Zalewski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide.,Cardiology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA, Australia
| | - Sandra Hodge
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital.,Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide
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103
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Assmus F, Houston JB, Galetin A. Incorporation of lysosomal sequestration in the mechanistic model for prediction of tissue distribution of basic drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:419-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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104
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He S, Xie L, Lu J, Sun S. Characteristics and potential role of M2 macrophages in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:3029-3039. [PMID: 29089751 PMCID: PMC5655159 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s147144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COPD is a multi-pathogenesis disease mainly caused by smoking. A further understanding of the mechanism of smoking-related COPD might contribute to preventions and treatments of this disease in the early stages. This study was designed to identify the characteristics of M2 macrophages in COPD for a better understanding about their potential role. Materials and methods COPD models were built in the C57BL/6 mouse by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure combined with intraperitoneal injection of cigarette smoke extract (CSE). The modeling efficiency was evaluated by lung function and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The number of different macrophage phenotypes was detected by immunohistochemical staining (IHS) of CD206, CD86 and CD68 on the lung tissue paraffin section. The RAW264.7 cells were polarized toward the M2 phenotype by interleukin IL-4 and confirmed by a flow cytometer. The gene expression levels of TGF-βRII, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7 in CSE-treated M2 macrophages were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression levels of TGF-β/Smad pathway-related makers (TGF-βRII, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, Smad7 and TGF-β) in alveolar M2 macrophages were detected by two consecutive paraffin section IHS. Results The COPD model is well established, which is confirmed by the lung function test and lung H&E staining. The whole number of macrophages and the ratio of M2/M1 phenotype are both increased (p<0.05). The level of CD206+ cells in IL-4-stimulated RAW264.7 cells is up to 93.4%, which is confirmed by a flow cytometer. The gene expression of TGF-βRII, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7 are all enhanced (p<0.05) in CES-treated M2 macrophages, which is detected by RT-PCR. The protein levels of TGF-β/Smad pathway-related markers are all increased in alveolar M2 macrophages of the model group. Conclusion This study found an increased deposition of alveolar M2 macrophages in the mouse COPD model and an increased expression level of TGF-β/Smad pathway in M2 macrophages, both in vitro and in vivo, induced by CSE and/or CS exposure, indicating that M2 macrophages might contribute to COPD through changing of phenotype and TGF-β/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjuan Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghua Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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105
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Bewley MA, Preston JA, Mohasin M, Marriott HM, Budd RC, Swales J, Collini P, Greaves DR, Craig RW, Brightling CE, Donnelly LE, Barnes PJ, Singh D, Shapiro SD, Whyte MKB, Dockrell DH. Impaired Mitochondrial Microbicidal Responses in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Macrophages. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:845-855. [PMID: 28557543 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201608-1714oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by impaired clearance of pulmonary bacteria. OBJECTIVES The effect of COPD on alveolar macrophage (AM) microbicidal responses was investigated. METHODS AMs were obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage from healthy donors or patients with COPD and challenged with opsonized serotype 14 Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cells were assessed for apoptosis, bactericidal activity, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production. A transgenic mouse line in which the CD68 promoter ensures macrophage-specific expression of human induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 (CD68.hMcl-1) was used to model the molecular aspects of COPD. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS COPD AMs had elevated levels of Mcl-1, an antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 family member, with selective reduction of delayed intracellular bacterial killing. CD68.hMcl-1 AMs phenocopied the microbicidal defect because transgenic mice demonstrated impaired clearance of pulmonary bacteria and increased neutrophilic inflammation. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages generated mROS in response to pneumococci, which colocalized with bacteria and phagolysosomes to enhance bacterial killing. The Mcl-1 transgene increased oxygen consumption rates and mROS expression in mock-infected bone marrow-derived macrophages but reduced caspase-dependent mROS production after pneumococcal challenge. COPD AMs also increased basal mROS expression, but they failed to increase production after pneumococcal challenge, in keeping with reduced intracellular bacterial killing. The defect in COPD AM intracellular killing was associated with a reduced ratio of mROS/superoxide dismutase 2. CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation of Mcl-1 and chronic adaption to oxidative stress alter mitochondrial metabolism and microbicidal function, reducing the delayed phase of intracellular bacterial clearance in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Bewley
- 1 The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions and.,2 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A Preston
- 1 The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions and.,2 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Mohasin
- 1 The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions and.,2 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M Marriott
- 1 The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions and.,2 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C Budd
- 1 The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions and.,2 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,3 Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Swales
- 1 The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions and.,2 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Collini
- 1 The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions and.,2 Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,3 Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - David R Greaves
- 4 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth W Craig
- 5 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | | | - Louise E Donnelly
- 7 Airway Disease National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Barnes
- 7 Airway Disease National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Singh
- 8 Centre for Respiratory and Allergy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,9 Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester, United Kingdom.,10 University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Steven D Shapiro
- 11 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Moira K B Whyte
- 12 Department of Respiratory Medicine.,13 MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, and
| | - David H Dockrell
- 13 MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, and.,14 Department of Infection Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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106
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Colarusso C, Terlizzi M, Molino A, Pinto A, Sorrentino R. Role of the inflammasome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Oncotarget 2017; 8:81813-81824. [PMID: 29137224 PMCID: PMC5669850 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is central to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a pulmonary disorder characterized by chronic bronchitis, chronic airway obstruction, emphysema, associated to progressive and irreversible decline of lung function. Emerging genetic and pharmacological evidence suggests that IL-1-like cytokines are highly detected in the sputum and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) of COPD patients, implying the involvement of the multiprotein complex inflammasome. So far, scientific evidence has focused on nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a specialized inflammatory signaling platform that governs the maturation and secretion of IL-1-like cytokines through the regulation of caspase-1-dependent proteolytic processing. Some studies revealed that it is involved during airway inflammation typical of COPD. Based on the influence of cigarette smoke in various respiratory diseases, including COPD, in this view we report its effects in inflammatory and immune responses in COPD mouse models and in human subjects affected by COPD. In sharp contrast to what reported on experimental and clinical studies, randomized clinical trials show that indirect inflammasome inhibitors did not have any beneficial effect in moderate to severe COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Colarusso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, ImmunePharma s.r.l., Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Michela Terlizzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, ImmunePharma s.r.l., Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonio Molino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Division, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Pinto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, ImmunePharma s.r.l., Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Sorrentino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, ImmunePharma s.r.l., Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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107
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Effect of Liuweibuqi capsules on the balance between MMP-9 and TIMP1 and viability of alveolar macrophages in COPD. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170880. [PMID: 28831024 PMCID: PMC5603752 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the effect of Liuweibuqi (LWBQ) capsules on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and TIMP1 and cell viability of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, model control (MC) group, Jinshuibao (JSB) group, spleen aminopeptidase (PAT) group, and low dose of LWBQ (LWBQ low), mid dose of LWBQ (LWBQ mid), and high dose of LWBQ (LWBQ high) group (n=10). Lung function was measured with a spirometer. Serum cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected using ELISA. The expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP1 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to measure cell viability and apoptosis. Compared with the NC group, body weight and lung function were reduced in the MC group. In addition, the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were higher in the MC group than those in the NC group. The expression of MMP-9 protein in the AMs from rats was higher, and TIMP1 protein was lower in the MC group compared with the NC group. After LWBQ capsules treatment, compared with the MC group, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and MMP-9 were lower and TIMP1 was higher. Moreover, after LWBQ-medicated serum treatment, the release of inflammatory cytokines was reduced from AMs. Besides, LWBQ-medicated serum decreased the expression of MMP-9 and increased the expression of TIMP1 and cell viability compared with those in MC group. In conclusion, LWBQ capsules can inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines, promote cell viability in AMs, and regulate the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP1.
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108
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Roscioli E, Tran HB, Jersmann H, Nguyen PT, Hopkins E, Lester S, Farrow N, Zalewski P, Reynolds PN, Hodge S. The uncoupling of autophagy and zinc homeostasis in airway epithelial cells as a fundamental contributor to COPD. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L453-L465. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00083.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper regulation of zinc (Zn) trafficking proteins and the cellular distribution of Zn are critical for the maintenance of autophagic processes. However, there have been no studies that have examined Zn dyshomeostasis and the disease-related modulation of autophagy observed in the airways afflicted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesized that dysregulated autophagy in airway epithelial cells (AECs) is related to Zn dysregulation in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced COPD. We applied a human ex vivo air-liquid interface model, a murine model of smoke exposure, and human lung tissues and investigated Zn, ZIP1, and ZIP2 Zn-influx proteins, autophagy [microtubule-associated 1A/1B-light chain-3 (LC3), Beclin-1], autophagic flux (Sequestosome), apoptosis [Bcl2; X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP)], and inflammation [thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and IL-1β]. Lung tissues from CS-exposed mice exhibit reduced free-Zn in AECs, with elevated ZIP1 and diminished ZIP2 expression. Interestingly, increased LC3 colocalized with ZIP1, suggesting an autophagic requirement for free-Zn to support its catabolic function. In human AECs, autophagy was initiated but was unable to efficiently degrade cellular debris, as evidenced by stable Beclin-1 and increased LC3-II, but with a concomitant elevation in Sequestosome. Autophagic dysfunction due to CS exposure coupled with Zn depletion also induced apoptosis, with the reduction of antiapoptotic and antiautophagic proteins Bcl2 and XIAP and PARP cleavage. This was accompanied by an increase in RANTES and TSLP, an activator of adaptive immunity. We conclude that the uncoupling of Zn trafficking and autophagy in AECs constitutes a fundamental disease-related mechanism for COPD pathogenesis and could provide a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Roscioli
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Deptartment of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hai B. Tran
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hubertus Jersmann
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Deptartment of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Phan T. Nguyen
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Hopkins
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan Lester
- Deptartment of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nigel Farrow
- Deptartment of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Zalewski
- Deptartment of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cardiology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul N. Reynolds
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Deptartment of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra Hodge
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Deptartment of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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109
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Liu HM, Liu YT, Zhang J, Ma LJ. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate lung injury through anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect in COPD mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 37:496-504. [PMID: 28786060 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory and antibacterial mechanisms of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ameliorating lung injury in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mice induced by cigarette smoke and Haemophilus Parainfluenza (HPi) were studied. The experiment was divided into four groups in vivo: control group, COPD group, COPD+HPi group, and COPD+HPi+MSCs group. The indexes of emphysematous changes, inflammatory reaction and lung injury score, and antibacterial effects were evaluated in all groups. As compared with control group, emphysematous changes were significantly aggravated in COPD group, COPD+HPi group and COPD+HPi+MSCs group (P<0.01), the expression of necrosis factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signal pathway and proinflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were increased (P<0.01), and the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages was downregulated (P<0.01). As compared with COPD group, lung injury score, inflammatory cells and proinflammatory cytokines were significantly increased in the BALF of COPD+HPi group and COPD+HPi+MSCs group (P<0.01). As compared with COPD+HPi group, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α stimulated protein/gene 6 (TSG-6) was increased, the NF-κB signal pathway was depressed, proinflammatory cytokine was significantly reduced, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased, and lung injury score was significantly reduced in COPD+HPi+MSCs group. Meanwhile, the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages was significantly enhanced and bacterial counts in the lung were decreased. The results indicated cigarette smoke caused emphysematous changes in mice and the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages was decreased. The lung injury of acute exacerbation of COPD mice induced by cigarette smoke and HPi was alleviated through MSCs transplantation, which may be attributed to the fact that MSCs could promote macrophages into anti-inflammatory phenotype through secreting TSG-6, inhibit NF-кB signaling pathway, and reduce inflammatory response through reducing proinflammatory cytokines and promoting the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine. Simultaneously, MSCs could enhance phagocytic activity of macrophages and bacterial clearance. Meanwhile, we detected anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity of macrophages regulated by MSCs in vitro. As compared with RAW264.7+HPi+CSE group, the expression of NF-кB p65, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was significantly reduced, and the phagocytic activity of macrophages was significantly increased in RAW264.7+HPi+CSE+MSCs group (P<0.01). The result indicated the macrophages co-cultured with MSCs may inhibit NF-кB signaling pathway and promote phagocytosis by paracrine mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Yi-Tong Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
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110
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Adetifa IMO, Kendall L, Donkor S, Lugos MD, Hammond AS, Owiafe PK, Ota MOC, Brookes RH, Hill PC. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Close Childhood Contacts of Adults with Pulmonary Tuberculosis is Increased by Secondhand Exposure to Tobacco. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:429-432. [PMID: 28722570 PMCID: PMC5544071 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is a major risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). Secondhand smoke (SHS) is also a risk factor for TB and to a lesser extent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without disease. We investigated the added risk of M. tuberculosis infection due to SHS exposure in childhood contacts of TB cases in The Gambia. Participants were childhood household contacts aged ≤ 14 years of newly diagnosed pulmonary TB (PTB) cases. The intensity of exposure to the case was categorized according to whether contacts slept in the same room, same house, or a different house as the case. Contacts were tested with an enzyme-linked immunospot interferon gamma release assay. In multivariate regression models, M. tuberculosis infection was associated with increasing exposure to a case (odds ratios [OR]: 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.11-71.4, P < 0.001]) and with male gender (OR: 1.5 [95% CI: 1.12-2.11], P = 0.008). Tobacco use caused a 3-fold increase in the odds of M. tuberculosis infection in children who slept closest to a case who smoked within the same home compared with a nonsmoking case (OR: 8.0 [95% CI: 2.74-23.29] versus 2.4 [95% CI: 1.17-4.92], P < 0.001). SHS exposure as an effect modifier appears to greatly increase the risk of M. tuberculosis infection in children exposed to PTB cases. Smoking cessation campaigns may be important for reducing transmission of M. tuberculosis to children within households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifedayo M. O. Adetifa
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Lindsay Kendall
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Simon Donkor
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Moses D. Lugos
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Jos, Plateau, Nigeria
| | - Abdulrahman S. Hammond
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Patrick K. Owiafe
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Martin O. C. Ota
- World Health Organization-Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Roger H. Brookes
- Bioprocess Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip C. Hill
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Centre for International Health and the Otago International Health Research Network, University of Otago School of Medicine, Dunedin, New Zealand
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111
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Abstract
The necrotic core has long been a hallmark of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. Although apoptotic cells are cleared quickly in almost all other tissue beds, their removal appears to be significantly impaired in the diseased blood vessel. Emerging evidence indicates that this phenomenon is caused by a defect in efferocytosis, the process by which apoptotic tissue is recognized for engulfment by phagocytic cells such as macrophages. Genetic and experimental data suggest that efferocytosis is impaired during atherogenesis caused by dysregulation of so-called eat me ligands, which govern the edibility of cells undergoing programmed cell death. The following is a summary of recent data indicating that efferocytosis is a major unappreciated driver of lesion expansion but also a reversible defect that can potentially be targeted as a means to prevent plaque progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kojima
- From Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery (Y.K., N.J.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (I.L.W.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- From Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery (Y.K., N.J.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (I.L.W.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- From Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery (Y.K., N.J.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (I.L.W.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
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Serban KA, Petrusca DN, Mikosz A, Poirier C, Lockett AD, Saint L, Justice MJ, Twigg HL, Campos MA, Petrache I. Alpha-1 antitrypsin supplementation improves alveolar macrophages efferocytosis and phagocytosis following cigarette smoke exposure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176073. [PMID: 28448535 PMCID: PMC5407578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS), the main risk factor for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) in developed countries, decreases alveolar macrophages (AM) clearance of both apoptotic cells and bacterial pathogens. This global deficit of AM engulfment may explain why active smokers have worse outcomes of COPD exacerbations, episodes characterized by airway infection and inflammation that carry high morbidity and healthcare cost. When administered as intravenous supplementation, the acute phase-reactant alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) reduces the severity of COPD exacerbations in A1AT deficient (AATD) individuals and of bacterial pneumonia in murine models, but the effect of A1AT on AM scavenging functions has not been reported. Apoptotic cell clearance (efferocytosis) was measured in human AM isolated from patients with COPD, in primary rat AM or differentiated monocytes exposed to CS ex vivo, and in AM recovered from mice exposed to CS. A1AT (100 μg/mL, 16 h) significantly ameliorated efferocytosis (by ~50%) in AM of active smokers or AM exposed ex vivo to CS. A1AT significantly improved AM global engulfment, including phagocytosis, even when cells were simultaneously challenged with apoptotic and Fc-coated (bacteria-like) targets. The improved efferocytosis in A1AT-treated macrophages was associated with inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE) activity, decreased mannose receptor shedding, and markedly increased abundance of efferocytosis receptors (mannose- and phosphatidyl serine receptors and the scavenger receptor B2) on AM plasma membrane. Directed airway A1AT treatment (via inhalation of a nebulized solution) restored in situ airway AM efferocytosis after CS exposure in mice. The amelioration of CS-exposed AM global engulfment may render A1AT as a potential therapy for COPD exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A. Serban
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Daniela N. Petrusca
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Andrew Mikosz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christophe Poirier
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Angelia D. Lockett
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology at Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Lauren Saint
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Justice
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Homer L. Twigg
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Campos
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Irina Petrache
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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113
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Ufuk A, Assmus F, Francis L, Plumb J, Damian V, Gertz M, Houston JB, Galetin A. In Vitro and in Silico Tools To Assess Extent of Cellular Uptake and Lysosomal Sequestration of Respiratory Drugs in Human Alveolar Macrophages. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1033-1046. [PMID: 28252969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of respiratory drugs in human alveolar macrophages (AMs) has not been extensively studied in vitro and in silico despite its potential impact on therapeutic efficacy and/or occurrence of phospholipidosis. The current study aims to characterize the accumulation and subcellular distribution of drugs with respiratory indication in human AMs and to develop an in silico mechanistic AM model to predict lysosomal accumulation of investigated drugs. The data set included 9 drugs previously investigated in rat AM cell line NR8383. Cell-to-unbound medium concentration ratio (Kp,cell) of all drugs (5 μM) was determined to assess the magnitude of intracellular accumulation. The extent of lysosomal sequestration in freshly isolated human AMs from multiple donors (n = 5) was investigated for clarithromycin and imipramine (positive control) using an indirect in vitro method (±20 mM ammonium chloride, NH4Cl). The AM cell parameters and drug physicochemical data were collated to develop an in silico mechanistic AM model. Three in silico models differing in their description of drug membrane partitioning were evaluated; model (1) relied on octanol-water partitioning of drugs, model (2) used in vitro data to account for this process, and model (3) predicted membrane partitioning by incorporating AM phospholipid fractions. In vitro Kp,cell ranged >200-fold for respiratory drugs, with the highest accumulation seen for clarithromycin. A good agreement in Kp,cell was observed between human AMs and NR8383 (2.45-fold bias), highlighting NR8383 as a potentially useful in vitro surrogate tool to characterize drug accumulation in AMs. The mean Kp,cell of clarithromycin (81, CV = 51%) and imipramine (963, CV = 54%) were reduced in the presence of NH4Cl by up to 67% and 81%, respectively, suggesting substantial contribution of lysosomal sequestration and intracellular binding in the accumulation of these drugs in human AMs. The in vitro data showed variability in drug accumulation between individual human AM donors due to possible differences in lysosomal abundance, volume, and phospholipid content, which may have important clinical implications. Consideration of drug-acidic phospholipid interactions significantly improved the performance of the in silico models; use of in vitro Kp,cell obtained in the presence of NH4Cl as a surrogate for membrane partitioning (model (2)) captured the variability in clarithromycin and imipramine Kp,cell observed in vitro and showed the best ability to predict correctly positive and negative lysosomotropic properties. The developed mechanistic AM model represents a useful in silico tool to predict lysosomal and cellular drug concentrations based on drug physicochemical data and system specific properties, with potential application to other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Ufuk
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, U.K
| | - Frauke Assmus
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, U.K
| | - Laura Francis
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, U.K
| | - Jonathan Plumb
- Respiratory and Allergy Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital of South Manchester , Manchester, U.K
| | - Valeriu Damian
- Computational Modeling Sciences, DDS, GlaxoSmithKline , Upper Merion, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Michael Gertz
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, U.K.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, pRED, Roche Innovation Center , Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Brian Houston
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, U.K
| | - Aleksandra Galetin
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, U.K
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114
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Hodge S, Tran HB, Hamon R, Roscioli E, Hodge G, Jersmann H, Ween M, Reynolds PN, Yeung A, Treiberg J, Wilbert S. Nonantibiotic macrolides restore airway macrophage phagocytic function with potential anti-inflammatory effects in chronic lung diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L678-L687. [PMID: 28258107 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00518.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported defective efferocytosis associated with cigarette smoking and/or airway inflammation in chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe asthma, and childhood bronchiectasis. We also showed defects in phagocytosis of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), a common colonizer of the lower airway in these diseases. These defects could be substantially overcome with low-dose azithromycin; however, chronic use may induce bacterial resistance. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate two novel macrolides-2'-desoxy-9-(S)-erythromycylamine (GS-459755) and azithromycin-based 2'-desoxy molecule (GS-560660)-with significantly diminished antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Moraxella catarrhalis, and H. influenzae We tested their effects on efferocytosis, phagocytosis of NTHi, cell viability, receptors involved in recognition of apoptotic cells and/or NTHi (flow cytometry), secreted and cleaved intracellular IL-1β (cytometric bead array, immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) using primary alveolar macrophages and THP-1 macrophages ± 10% cigarette smoke extract. Dose-response experiments showed optimal prophagocytic effects of GS-459755 and GS-560660 at concentrations of 0.5-1 µg/ml compared with our findings with azithromycin. Both macrolides significantly improved phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and NTHi (e.g., increases in efferocytosis and phagocytosis of NTHi: GS-459755, 23 and 22.5%, P = 0.043; GS-560660, 23.5 and 22%, P = 0.043, respectively). Macrophage viability remained >85% following 24 h exposure to either macrolide at concentrations up to 20 µg/ml. Secreted and intracellular-cleaved IL-1β was decreased with both macrolides with no significant changes in recognition molecules c-mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase; scavenger receptor class A, member 1; Toll-like receptor 2/4; or CD36. Particulate cytoplasmic immunofluorescence of NLRP3 inflammasome was also reduced significantly. We conclude that GS-459755 and GS-560660 may be useful for reducing airway inflammation in chronic lung diseases without inducing bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hodge
- Lung Research Unit, Hanson Institute, and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; .,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and
| | - Hai B Tran
- Lung Research Unit, Hanson Institute, and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rhys Hamon
- Lung Research Unit, Hanson Institute, and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eugene Roscioli
- Lung Research Unit, Hanson Institute, and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and
| | - Greg Hodge
- Lung Research Unit, Hanson Institute, and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and
| | - Hubertus Jersmann
- Lung Research Unit, Hanson Institute, and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and
| | - Miranda Ween
- Lung Research Unit, Hanson Institute, and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and
| | - Paul N Reynolds
- Lung Research Unit, Hanson Institute, and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and
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115
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Abstract
In the healthy lung, macrophages maintain homeostasis by clearing inhaled particles, bacteria, and removing apoptotic cells from the local pulmonary environment. However, in respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and cystic fibrosis, macrophages appear to be dysfunctional and may contribute to disease pathogenesis. In COPD, phagocytosis of bacterial species and apoptotic cells by both alveolar macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages is significantly reduced, leading to colonization of the lung with pathogenic bacteria. COPD macrophages also release high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including CXCL8, TGFβ, and CCL2, driving recruitment of other inflammatory cells including neutrophils and monocytes to the lungs and promoting disease progression.In asthma, defective phagocytosis and efferocytosis have also been reported, and macrophages appear to have altered cell surface receptor expression; however, it is as yet unclear how this contributes to disease progression but may be important in driving Th2-mediated inflammation. In cystic fibrosis, macrophages also display defective phagocytosis, and reduced bacterial killing, which may be driven by the pro-inflammatory environment present in the lungs of these patients.The mechanisms behind defective macrophage function in lung diseases are not currently understood, but potential mechanisms include alterations in phagocytic receptor expression levels, oxidative stress, but also the possibility that specific diseases are associated with a specific, altered, macrophage phenotype that displays reduced function. Identification of the mechanisms responsible may present novel therapeutic opportunities for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie B R Belchamber
- Department of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Department of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK.
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116
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Wu D, Yuan Y, Lin Z, Lai T, Chen M, Li W, Lv Q, Yuan B, Li D, Wu B. Cigarette smoke extract induces placental growth factor release from human bronchial epithelial cells via ROS/MAPK (ERK-1/2)/Egr-1 axis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:3031-3042. [PMID: 27980400 PMCID: PMC5144910 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s120849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Etiological evidence demonstrates that there is a significant association between cigarette smoking and chronic airway inflammatory disease. Abnormal expression of placental growth factor (PlGF) has been reported in COPD, and its downstream signaling molecules have been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of airway epithelial cell apoptosis and emphysema. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced PlGF expression in airway microenvironment remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 [ERK-1/2])/early growth response-1 (Egr-1) pathway on CSE-induced PlGF upregulation in human bronchial epithelium (HBE). The data obtained with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence staining analyses showed that CSE-induced Egr-1 activation was mainly mediated through production of ROS and activation of the MAPK (ERK-1/2) cascade. The binding of Egr-1 to the PlGF promoter was corroborated by an ELISA-based DNA binding activity assay. These results demonstrate that ROS activation of the MAPK (ERK-1/2)/Egr-1 pathway is a main player in the regulatory mechanism for CSE-induced PlGF production and that the use of an antioxidant could partly abolish these effects. Understanding the mechanisms of PlGF upregulation by CSE in the airway microenvironment may provide rational therapeutic interventions for cigarette smoking-related airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wu
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - Yalian Yuan
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - Zhixiu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwen Lai
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - Quanchao Lv
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - Binfan Yuan
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - Dongmin Li
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
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117
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Barnawi J, Jersmann H, Haberberger R, Hodge S, Meech R. Reduced DNA methylation of sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 5 in alveolar macrophages in COPD: A potential link to failed efferocytosis. Respirology 2016; 22:315-321. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Barnawi
- Lung Research; Hanson Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Department of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Department Medical Laboratory Technology; University of Tabuk; Tabuk Saudi Arabia
| | - Hubertus Jersmann
- Lung Research; Hanson Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Department of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Rainer Haberberger
- Centre for Neuroscience, Anatomy and Histology; Flinders University; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Sandra Hodge
- Lung Research; Hanson Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Department of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Robyn Meech
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Flinders University; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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118
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Abstract
In recent years, thousands of publications on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its related biology have entered the world literature, reflecting the increasing scientific and medical interest in this devastating condition. This article is a selective review of several important emerging themes that offer the hope of creating new classes of COPD medicines. Whereas basic science is parsing molecular pathways in COPD, its comorbidities, and asthma COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) with unprecedented sophistication, clinical translation is disappointingly slow. The article therefore also considers solutions to current difficulties that are impeding progress in translating insights from basic science into clinically useful treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P Anderson
- Lung Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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119
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Gill SK, Yao Y, Kay LJ, Bewley MA, Marriott HM, Peachell PT. The anti-inflammatory effects of PGE 2 on human lung macrophages are mediated by the EP 4 receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3099-3109. [PMID: 27460634 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE PGE2 inhibits cytokine generation from human lung macrophages. However, the EP receptor that mediates this beneficial anti-inflammatory effect of PGE2 has not been defined. The aim of this study was to identify the EP receptor by which PGE2 inhibits cytokine generation from human lung macrophages. This was determined by using recently developed EP receptor ligands. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of PGE2 and EP-selective agonists on LPS-induced generation of TNF-α and IL-6 from macrophages were evaluated. The effects of EP2 -selective (PF-04852946, PF-04418948) and EP4 -selective (L-161,982, CJ-042794) receptor antagonists on PGE2 responses were studied. The expression of EP receptor subtypes by human lung macrophages was determined by RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS PGE2 inhibited LPS-induced and Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced cytokine generation from human lung macrophages. Analysis of mRNA levels indicated that macrophages expressed EP2 and EP4 receptors. L-902,688 (EP4 receptor-selective agonist) was considerably more potent than butaprost (EP2 receptor-selective agonist) as an inhibitor of TNF-α generation from macrophages. EP2 receptor-selective antagonists had marginal effects on the PGE2 inhibition of TNF-α generation, whereas EP4 receptor-selective antagonists caused rightward shifts in the PGE2 concentration-response curves. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These studies demonstrate that the EP4 receptor is the principal receptor that mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of PGE2 on human lung macrophages. This suggests that EP4 receptor agonists could be effective anti-inflammatory agents in human lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharonjit K Gill
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School (Floor L), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Yiwen Yao
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School (Floor L), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Linda J Kay
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School (Floor L), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Martin A Bewley
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School (Floor L), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen M Marriott
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School (Floor L), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Peter T Peachell
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School (Floor L), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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120
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Wojtan P, Mierzejewski M, Osińska I, Domagała-Kulawik J. Macrophage polarization in interstitial lung diseases. Cent Eur J Immunol 2016; 41:159-64. [PMID: 27536201 PMCID: PMC4967650 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.60990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) examination in differential diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) was established. Currently, functional polarization into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) subpopulations is emphasized. The aim of our study was to compare the proportion of M1 and M2 in BALf of patients with different ILD. BALf samples were collected from 75 ILD patients: sarcoidosis (SA, 36), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP, 10), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP, 8), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, 6) and other ILD (15). Phenotyping was performed by immunocytochemistry with anti-CD40 and CD163 antibodies (for M1 and M2, respectively). For both, CD40 and CD163, three populations of cells have been specified: small cells with strong (+++), large cells with weak (+) and cells with no (-) reaction. Due to lack of statistically significant differences between patients with HP, NSIP and IPF, they were classified into a common group and compared to the group of patients with sarcoidosis. The median proportion of macrophage population was as follows: for CD40: 61%, 35%, 2% in patients with SA and 49%, 47%, 3% in patients with other ILD and for CD163: 55%, 35%, 5% in SA and 53%, 43%, 1% in ILD patients, respectively. We found a significantly higher proportion of M1 in SA when compared with other ILD. Our study showed no evidence of defined polarization of alveolar macrophages in different types of interstitial lung diseases. However, we emphasized the role of CD40 positive cells in sarcoidosis and the role of CD163 positive cells in fibrotic diffuse lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Wojtan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Mierzejewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Osińska
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Domagała-Kulawik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Subramaniam R, Mukherjee S, Chen H, Keshava S, Neuenschwander P, Shams H. Restoring cigarette smoke-induced impairment of efferocytosis in alveolar macrophages. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:873-83. [PMID: 26577570 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke has been associated with susceptibility to different pulmonary and airway diseases. Impaired alveolar macrophages (AMs) that are major phagocytes in the lung have been associated with patients with airway diseases and active smokers. In the current report, we show that exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke (SHS) significantly reduced efferocytosis in vivo. More importantly, delivery of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to the alveolar space restored and refurbished the efferocytosis capability of AMs. Exposure to SHS significantly reduced expression of CD16/32 on AMs, and treatment with GM-CSF not only restored but also significantly increased the expression of CD16/32 on AMs. GM-CSF treatment increased uptake and digestion/removal of apoptotic cells by AMs. The latter was attributed to increased expression of Rab5 and Rab7. Increased efferocytosis of AMs was also tested in a disease condition. AMs from GM-CSF-treated, influenza-infected, SHS-exposed mice showed significantly better efferocytosis activity, and mice had significantly less morbidity compared with phosphate-buffered saline-treated group. GM-CSF-treated mice had increased amphiregulin levels in the lungs, which in addition to efferocytosis of AMs may have attributed to their protection against influenza. These results will have great implications for developing therapeutic approaches by harnessing mucosal innate immunity to treat lung and airway diseases and protect against pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Subramaniam
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control (CPIDC), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - S Mukherjee
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control (CPIDC), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - H Chen
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control (CPIDC), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - S Keshava
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - P Neuenschwander
- Biomedical research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - H Shams
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control (CPIDC), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
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Depletion of Alveolar Macrophages Does Not Prevent Hantavirus Disease Pathogenesis in Golden Syrian Hamsters. J Virol 2016; 90:6200-6215. [PMID: 27099308 PMCID: PMC4936146 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00304-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Andes virus (ANDV) is associated with a lethal vascular leak syndrome in humans termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The mechanism for the massive vascular leakage associated with HPS is poorly understood; however, dysregulation of components of the immune response is often suggested as a possible cause. Alveolar macrophages are found in the alveoli of the lung and represent the first line of defense to many airborne pathogens. To determine whether alveolar macrophages play a role in HPS pathogenesis, alveolar macrophages were depleted in an adult rodent model of HPS that closely resembles human HPS. Syrian hamsters were treated, intratracheally, with clodronate-encapsulated liposomes or control liposomes and were then challenged with ANDV. Treatment with clodronate-encapsulated liposomes resulted in significant reduction in alveolar macrophages, but depletion did not prevent pathogenesis or prolong disease. Depletion also did not significantly reduce the amount of virus in the lung of ANDV-infected hamsters but altered neutrophil recruitment, MIP-1α and MIP-2 chemokine expression, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in hamster bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid early after intranasal challenge. These data demonstrate that alveolar macrophages may play a limited protective role early after exposure to aerosolized ANDV but do not directly contribute to hantavirus disease pathogenesis in the hamster model of HPS. IMPORTANCE Hantaviruses continue to cause disease worldwide for which there are no FDA-licensed vaccines, effective postexposure prophylactics, or therapeutics. Much of this can be attributed to a poor understanding of the mechanism of hantavirus disease pathogenesis. Hantavirus disease has long been considered an immune-mediated disease; however, by directly manipulating the Syrian hamster model, we continue to eliminate individual immune cell types. As the most numerous immune cells present in the respiratory tract, alveolar macrophages are poised to defend against hantavirus infection, but those antiviral responses may also contribute to hantavirus disease. Here, we demonstrate that, like in our prior T and B cell studies, alveolar macrophages neither prevent hantavirus infection nor cause hantavirus disease. While these studies reflect pathogenesis in the hamster model, they should help us rule out specific cell types and prompt us to consider other potential mechanisms of disease in an effort to improve the outcome of human HPS.
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Barnawi J, Tran HB, Roscioli E, Hodge G, Jersmann H, Haberberger R, Hodge S. Pro-phagocytic Effects of Thymoquinone on Cigarette Smoke-exposed Macrophages Occur by Modulation of the Sphingosine-1-phosphate Signalling System. COPD 2016; 13:653-61. [PMID: 27144721 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2016.1153614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation, increased bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis, and deficient phagocytic clearance of these cells (efferocytosis) by the alveolar macrophages are present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in response to cigarette smoke. We previously showed that the macrophage dysfunction is associated with changes to the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signalling system. We hypothesized that the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory agent, thymoquinone, would improve macrophage phagocytosis via modulation of the S1P system and protect bronchial epithelial cells from cigarette smoke or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis. Phagocytosis was assessed using flow cytometry, S1P mediators by Real-Time PCR, and apoptosis of 16HBE bronchial epithelial cells using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Cigarette smoke and LPS decreased phagocytosis and increased S1P receptor (S1PR)-5 mRNA in THP-1 macrophages. Thymoquinone enhanced efferocytic/phagocytic ability, antagonized the effects of cigarette smoke extract and LPS on phagocytosis and S1PR5, and protected bronchial epithelial cells from cigarette smoke-induced apoptosis. Thymoquinone is worth further investigating as a potential therapeutic strategy for smoking-related lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Barnawi
- a Lung Research, Hanson Institute , Adelaide , South Australia.,b Department of Medicine , University of Adelaide , South Adelaide , South Australia.,c Department of Medical Laboratory Technology , University of Tabuk , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hai B Tran
- a Lung Research, Hanson Institute , Adelaide , South Australia
| | - Eugene Roscioli
- a Lung Research, Hanson Institute , Adelaide , South Australia
| | - Greg Hodge
- a Lung Research, Hanson Institute , Adelaide , South Australia.,b Department of Medicine , University of Adelaide , South Adelaide , South Australia
| | - Hubertus Jersmann
- a Lung Research, Hanson Institute , Adelaide , South Australia.,b Department of Medicine , University of Adelaide , South Adelaide , South Australia
| | - Rainer Haberberger
- d Centre for Neuroscience Anatomy & Histology, Flinders University , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Sandra Hodge
- a Lung Research, Hanson Institute , Adelaide , South Australia.,b Department of Medicine , University of Adelaide , South Adelaide , South Australia
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Grabiec AM, Hussell T. The role of airway macrophages in apoptotic cell clearance following acute and chronic lung inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:409-23. [PMID: 26957481 PMCID: PMC4896990 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic inflammatory responses in the lung are associated with the accumulation of large quantities of immune and structural cells undergoing apoptosis, which need to be engulfed by phagocytes in a process called ‘efferocytosis’. Apoptotic cell recognition and removal from the lung is mediated predominantly by airway macrophages, though immature dendritic cells and non-professional phagocytes, such as epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells, can also display this function. Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells from the airways is essential for successful resolution of inflammation and the return to lung homeostasis. Disruption of this process leads to secondary necrosis of accumulating apoptotic cells, release of necrotic cell debris and subsequent uncontrolled inflammatory activation of the innate immune system by the released ‘damage associated molecular patterns’ (DAMPS). To control the duration of the immune response and prevent autoimmune reactions, anti-inflammatory signalling cascades are initiated in the phagocyte upon apoptotic cell uptake, mediated by a range of receptors that recognise specific phospholipids or proteins externalised on, or secreted by, the apoptotic cell. However, prolonged activation of apoptotic cell recognition receptors, such as the family of receptor tyrosine kinases Tyro3, Axl and MerTK (TAM), may delay or prevent inflammatory responses to subsequent infections. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism controlling apoptotic cell recognition and removal from the lung in homeostasis and during inflammation, the contribution of defective efferocytosis to chronic inflammatory lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and cystic fibrosis, and implications of the signals triggered by apoptotic cells in the susceptibility to pulmonary microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander M Grabiec
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, M13 9NT, Manchester, UK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, M13 9NT, Manchester, UK.
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Trotta V, Lee WH, Loo CY, Young PM, Traini D, Scalia S. Co-spray dried resveratrol and budesonide inhalation formulation for reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in rat alveolar macrophages. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 86:20-8. [PMID: 26944422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is instrumental in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Novel therapeutic strategies that target macrophages, based on the use of antioxidant compounds, could be explored to improve corticosteroid responses in COPD patients. In this study, inhalable microparticles containing budesonide (BD) and resveratrol (RES) were prepared and characterized. This approach was undertaken to develop a multi-drug inhalable formulation with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities for treatment of chronic lung diseases. The inhalable microparticles containing different ratios of BD and RES were prepared by spray drying. The physico-chemical properties of the formulations were characterized in terms of surface morphology, particle size, physical and thermal stability. Additionally, in vitro aerosol performances of these formulations were evaluated with the multi-stage liquid impinger (MSLI) at 60 and 90 l/min, respectively. The cytotoxicity effect of the formulations was evaluated using rat alveolar macrophages. The biological responses of alveolar macrophages in terms of cytokine expressions, nitric oxide (NO) production and free radical scavenging activities were also tested. The co-spray dried (Co-SD) microparticles of all formulations exhibited morphologies appropriate for inhalation administration. Analysis of the deposition profiles showed an increase in aerosol performance proportional to BD concentration. Cell viability assay demonstrated that alveolar macrophages could tolerate a wide range of RES and BD concentrations. In addition, RES and BD were able to decrease the levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced alveolar macrophages. This study has successfully established the manufacture of Co-SD formulations of RES and BD with morphology and aerosol properties suitable for inhalation drug delivery, negligible in vitro toxicity and enhanced efficacy to control inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-induced alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Trotta
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Australia; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Wing-Hin Lee
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ching-Yee Loo
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paul M Young
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Santo Scalia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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126
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Interplay between Cellular and Molecular Inflammatory Mediators in Lung Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3494608. [PMID: 26941482 PMCID: PMC4749813 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3494608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a component of the tumor microenvironment and represents the 7th hallmark of cancer. Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. Tumor infiltrating inflammatory cells mediate processes associated with progression, immune suppression, promotion of neoangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, remodeling of extracellular matrix, invasion and metastasis, and, lastly, the inhibition of vaccine-induced antitumor T cell response. Accumulating evidence indicates a critical role of myeloid cells in the pathophysiology of human cancers. In contrast to the well-characterized tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the significance of granulocytes in cancer has only recently begun to emerge with the characterization of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs). Recent studies show the importance of CD47 in the interaction with macrophages inhibiting phagocytosis and promoting the migration of neutrophils, increasing inflammation which can lead to recurrence and progression in lung cancer. Currently, therapies are targeted towards blocking CD47 and enhancing macrophage-mediated phagocytosis. However, antibody-based therapies may have adverse effects that limit its use.
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Tran HB, Barnawi J, Ween M, Hamon R, Roscioli E, Hodge G, Reynolds PN, Pitson SM, Davies LT, Haberberger R, Hodge S. Cigarette smoke inhibits efferocytosis via deregulation of sphingosine kinase signaling: reversal with exogenous S1P and the S1P analogue FTY720. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:195-202. [PMID: 26792820 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a1015-471r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and cigarette smokers are deficient in their ability to phagocytose apoptotic bronchial epithelial cells (efferocytosis). We hypothesized that the defect is mediated via inhibition of sphingosine kinases and/or their subcellular mislocalization in response to cigarette smoke and can be normalized with exogenous sphingosine-1-phosphate or FTY720 (fingolimod), a modulator of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling, which has been shown to be clinically useful in multiple sclerosis. Measurement of sphingosine kinase 1/2 activities by [(32)P]-labeled sphingosine-1-phosphate revealed a 30% reduction of sphingosine kinase 1 (P < 0.05) and a nonsignificant decrease of sphingosine kinase 2 in THP-1 macrophages after 1 h cigarette smoke extract exposure. By confocal analysis macrophage sphingosine kinase 1 protein was normally localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm and sphingosine kinase 2 to the nucleus and cytoplasm but absent at the cell surface. Cigarette smoke extract exposure (24 h) led to a retraction of sphingosine kinase 1 from the plasma membrane and sphingosine kinase 1/2 clumping in the Golgi domain. Selective inhibition of sphingosine kinase 2 with 25 µM ABC294640 led to 36% inhibition of efferocytosis (P < 0.05); 10 µM sphingosine kinase inhibitor/5C (sphingosine kinase 1-selective inhibitor) induced a nonsignificant inhibition of efferocytosis, but its combination with ABC294640 led to 56% inhibition (P < 0.01 vs. control and < 0.05 vs. single inhibitors). Cigarette smoke-inhibited efferocytosis was significantly (P < 0.05) reversed to near-control levels in the presence of 10-100 nM exogenous sphingosine-1-phosphate or FTY720, and FTY720 reduced cigarette smoke-induced clumping of sphingosine kinase 1/2 in the Golgi domain. These data strongly support a role of sphingosine kinase 1/2 in efferocytosis and as novel therapeutic targets in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai B Tran
- Lung Research Unit, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia;
| | - Jameel Barnawi
- Lung Research Unit, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miranda Ween
- Lung Research Unit, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rhys Hamon
- Lung Research Unit, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eugene Roscioli
- Lung Research Unit, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Greg Hodge
- Lung Research Unit, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul N Reynolds
- Lung Research Unit, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia; and
| | - Lorena T Davies
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia; and
| | - Rainer Haberberger
- Centre for Neuroscience Anatomy and Histology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sandra Hodge
- Lung Research Unit, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia;
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McCubbrey AL, Nelson JD, Stolberg VR, Blakely PK, McCloskey L, Janssen WJ, Freeman CM, Curtis JL. MicroRNA-34a Negatively Regulates Efferocytosis by Tissue Macrophages in Part via SIRT1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:1366-75. [PMID: 26718338 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic cell (AC) clearance (efferocytosis) is an evolutionarily conserved process essential for immune health, particularly to maintain self-tolerance. Despite identification of many recognition receptors and intracellular signaling components of efferocytosis, its negative regulation remains incompletely understood and has not previously been known to involve microRNAs (miRs). In this article, we show that miR-34a (gene ID 407040), well recognized as a p53-dependent tumor suppressor, mediates coordinated negative regulation of efferocytosis by resident murine and human tissue macrophages (Mø). The miR-34a expression varied greatly between Mø from different tissues, correlating inversely with their capacity for AC uptake. Transient or genetic knockdown of miR-34a increased efferocytosis, whereas miR-34a overexpression decreased efferocytosis, without altering recognition of live, necrotic, or Ig-opsonized cells. The inhibitory effect of miR-34a was mediated both by reduced expression of Axl, a receptor tyrosine kinase known to recognize AC, and of the deacetylase silent information regulator T1, which had not previously been linked to efferocytosis by tissue Mø. Exposure to AC downregulated Mø miR-34a expression, resulting in a positive feedback loop that increased subsequent capacity to engulf AC. These findings demonstrate that miR-34a both specifically regulates and is regulated by efferocytosis. Given the ability of efferocytosis to polarize ingesting Mø uniquely and to reduce their host-defense functions, dynamic negative regulation by miR-34a provides one means of fine-tuning Mø behavior toward AC in specific tissue environments with differing potentials for microbial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L McCubbrey
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Joshua D Nelson
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Pennelope K Blakely
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lisa McCloskey
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - William J Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80262; and
| | - Christine M Freeman
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Research Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Jeffrey L Curtis
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
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129
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Barnawi J, Tran H, Jersmann H, Pitson S, Roscioli E, Hodge G, Meech R, Haberberger R, Hodge S. Potential Link between the Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) System and Defective Alveolar Macrophage Phagocytic Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122771. [PMID: 26485657 PMCID: PMC4617901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We previously reported that alveolar macrophages from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are defective in their ability to phagocytose apoptotic cells, with a similar defect in response to cigarette smoke. The exact mechanisms for this defect are unknown. Sphingolipids including ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are involved in diverse cellular processes and we hypothesised that a comprehensive analysis of this system in alveolar macrophages in COPD may help to delineate the reasons for defective phagocytic function. Methods We compared mRNA expression of sphingosine kinases (SPHK1/2), S1P receptors (S1PR1-5) and S1P-degrading enzymes (SGPP1, SGPP2, SGPL1) in bronchoalveolar lavage-derived alveolar macrophages from 10 healthy controls, 7 healthy smokers and 20 COPD patients (10 current- and 10 ex-smokers) using Real-Time PCR. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells was investigated using flow cytometry. Functional associations were assessed between sphingosine signalling system components and alveolar macrophage phagocytic ability in COPD. To elucidate functional effects of increased S1PR5 on macrophage phagocytic ability, we performed the phagocytosis assay in the presence of varying concentrations of suramin, an antagonist of S1PR3 and S1PR5. The effects of cigarette smoking on the S1P system were investigated using a THP-1 macrophage cell line model. Results We found significant increases in SPHK1/2 (3.4- and 2.1-fold increases respectively), S1PR2 and 5 (4.3- and 14.6-fold increases respectively), and SGPL1 (4.5-fold increase) in COPD vs. controls. S1PR5 and SGPL1 expression was unaffected by smoking status, suggesting a COPD “disease effect” rather than smoke effect per se. Significant associations were noted between S1PR5 and both lung function and phagocytosis. Cigarette smoke extract significantly increased mRNA expression of SPHK1, SPHK2, S1PR2 and S1PR5 by THP-1 macrophages, confirming the results in patient-derived macrophages. Antagonising SIPR5 significantly improved phagocytosis. Conclusion Our results suggest a potential link between the S1P signalling system and defective macrophage phagocytic function in COPD and advise therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Barnawi
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Dept of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Dept Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hai Tran
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hubertus Jersmann
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Dept of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stuart Pitson
- Dept of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Greg Hodge
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Dept of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robyn Meech
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rainer Haberberger
- Centre for Neuroscience, Anatomy & Histology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sandra Hodge
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Dept of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- * E-mail:
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130
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Zhang S, Xie JG, Su BT, Li JL, Hu N, Chen J, Luo GW, Cui TP. MFG-E8, a clearance glycoprotein of apoptotic cells, as a new marker of disease severity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:1032-8. [PMID: 26375445 PMCID: PMC4671530 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is an opsonin involved in the
phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), apoptotic cell clearance is defective. However, whether aberrant
MFG-E8 expression is involved in this defect is unknown. In this study, we examined
the expression of MFG-E8 in COPD patients. MFG-E8, interleukin (IL)-1β and
transforming growth factor (TGF)-β levels were measured in the plasma of 96 COPD
patients (93 males, 3 females; age range: 62.12±10.39) and 87 age-matched healthy
controls (85 males, 2 females; age range: 64.81±10.11 years) using an enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay. Compared with controls, COPD patients had a significantly lower
plasma MFG-E8 levels (P<0.01) and significantly higher plasma TGF-β levels
(P=0.002), whereas there was no difference in plasma IL-1β levels between the two
groups. Moreover, plasma MFG-E8 levels decreased progressively between Global
Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) I and GOLD IV stage COPD.
Multiple regression analysis showed that the forced expiratory volume in 1 s
(FEV1 % predicted) and smoking habit were powerful predictors of MFG-E8
in COPD (P<0.01 and P=0.026, respectively). MFG-E8 was positively associated with
the FEV1 % predicted and negatively associated with smoking habit. The
area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.874 (95% confidence
interval: 0.798-0.95; P<0.01). Our findings demonstrated the utility of MFG-E8 as
a marker of disease severity in COPD and that cigarette smoke impaired MFG-E8
expression in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J G Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - B T Su
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J L Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - N Hu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J Chen
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - G W Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - T P Cui
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Dalcin D, Ahmed SZ. Blastomycosis in northwestern Ontario, 2004 to 2014. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2015; 26:259-62. [PMID: 26600814 PMCID: PMC4644009 DOI: 10.1155/2015/468453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Blastomycosis is an invasive fungal disease caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis and the recently discovered Blastomyces gilchristii. The medical charts of 64 patients with confirmed cases of blastomycosis in northwestern Ontario during a 10-year period (2004 to 2014) were retrospectively reviewed. The number of patients diagnosed with blastomycosis in Ontario was observed to have increased substantially compared with before 1990, when blastomycosis was removed from the list of reportable diseases. Aboriginals were observed to be disproportionately represented in the patient population. Of the patients whose smoking status was known, 71.4% had a history of smoking. 59.4% of patients had underlying comorbidities and a higher comorbidity rate was observed among Aboriginal patients. The case-fatality rate from direct complications of blastomycosis disease was calculated to be 20.3%; this case-fatality rate is the highest ever to be reported in Canada and more than double that of previously published Canadian studies. The clinical characteristics of 64 patients diagnosed with blastomycosis are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dalcin
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, Ontario
| | - Syed Zaki Ahmed
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, Ontario
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, Ontario
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132
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Margaritopoulos GA, Vasarmidi E, Jacob J, Wells AU, Antoniou KM. Smoking and interstitial lung diseases. Eur Respir Rev 2015; 24:428-35. [PMID: 26324804 PMCID: PMC9487692 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0050-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years has been well known that smoking could cause lung damage. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer have been the two most common smoking-related lung diseases. In the recent years, attention has also focused on the role of smoking in the development of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Indeed, there are three diseases, namely respiratory bronchiolitis-associated ILD, desquamative interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, that are currently considered aetiologically linked to smoking and a few others which are more likely to develop in smokers. Here, we aim to focus on the most recent findings regarding the role of smoking in the pathogenesis and clinical behaviour of ILDs. Smoking is implicated in the pathogenesis and clinical behaviour of interstitial lung diseasehttp://ow.ly/PYLcT
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133
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Mortaz E, Adcock IM, Ricciardolo FLM, Varahram M, Jamaati H, Velayati AA, Folkerts G, Garssen J. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lactobacillus Rahmnosus and Bifidobacterium Breve on Cigarette Smoke Activated Human Macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136455. [PMID: 26317628 PMCID: PMC4552661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health problem with cigarette smoke (CS) as the main risk factor for its development. Airway inflammation in COPD involves the increased expression of inflammatory mediators such as CXCL-8 and IL-1β which are important mediators for neutrophil recruitment. Macrophages are an important source of these mediators in COPD. Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Befidobacterium breve (B. breve) attenuate the development of 'allergic asthma' in animals but their effects in COPD are unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of L. rhamnosus and B. breve on CS and Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. DESIGN We stimulated the human macrophage cell line THP-1 with CS extract in the presence and absence of L. rhamnosus and B. breve and measured the expression and release of inflammatory mediators by RT-qPCR and ELISA respectively. An activity assay and Western blotting were used to examine NF-κB activation. RESULTS Both L. rhamnosus and B. breve were efficiently phagocytized by human macrophages. L. rhamnosus and B. breve significantly suppressed the ability of CS to induce the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-23, TNFα, CXCL-8 and HMGB1 release (all p<0.05) in human THP-1 macrophages. Similar suppression of TLR4- and TLR9-induced CXCL8 expression was also observed (p<0.05). The effect of L. rhamnosus and B. breve on inflammatory mediator release was associated with the suppression of CS-induced NF-κB activation (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This data indicate that these probiotics may be useful anti-inflammatory agents in CS-associated disease such as COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mortaz
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, United Kingdom
- Chronic respiratory research center, National Research and Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mohammad Varahram
- Mycobacteriology Research Center (MRC) National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and lung diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic respiratory research center, National Research and Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Velayati
- Mycobacteriology Research Center (MRC) National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and lung diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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134
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Jiménez Ruiz CA, Buljubasich D, Sansores R, Riesco Miranda JA, Guerreros Benavides A, Luhning S, Chatkin JM, Zabert G, de Granda Orive JI, Solano Reina S, Casas Herrera A, de Lucas Ramos P. SEPAR-ALAT Consensus Document on Antipneumoccal Vaccination in Smokers. Arch Bronconeumol 2015; 51:350-4. [PMID: 25641351 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for several clinical syndromes, such as community-acquired pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, and others. The most severe clinical entity caused by this bacteria is undoubtedly invasive pneumococcal disease. Certain factors are known to increase the risk of presenting invasive pneumococcal disease, the most important being smoking habit and underlying concomitant diseases. This article comprises a consensus document on antipneumococcal vaccination in smokers, drawn up by a Smoking Expert Group from the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery and the Latin American Chest Association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raúl Sansores
- Asociación Latinoamérica del Tórax (ALAT), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | - Susana Luhning
- Asociación Latinoamérica del Tórax (ALAT), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Gustavo Zabert
- Asociación Latinoamérica del Tórax (ALAT), Montevideo, Uruguay
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135
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Patra J, Bhatia M, Suraweera W, Morris SK, Patra C, Gupta PC, Jha P. Exposure to second-hand smoke and the risk of tuberculosis in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 observational studies. PLoS Med 2015; 12:e1001835; discussion e1001835. [PMID: 26035557 PMCID: PMC4452762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to WHO Global Health Estimates, tuberculosis (TB) is among the top ten causes of global mortality and ranks second after cardiovascular disease in most high-burden regions. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the role of second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure as a risk factor for TB among children and adults. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed a systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to August 31, 2014. Our a priori inclusion criteria encompassed only original studies where latent TB infection (LTBI) and active TB disease were diagnosed microbiologically, clinically, histologically, or radiologically. Effect estimates were pooled using fixed- and random-effects models. We identified 18 eligible studies, with 30,757 children and 44,432 adult non-smokers, containing SHS exposure and TB outcome data for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Twelve studies assessed children and eight studies assessed adult non-smokers; two studies assessed both populations. Summary relative risk (RR) of LTBI associated with SHS exposure in children was similar to the overall effect size, with high heterogeneity (pooled RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.00-2.83). Children showed a more than 3-fold increased risk of SHS-associated active TB (pooled RR 3.41, 95% CI 1.81-6.45), which was higher than the risk in adults exposed to SHS (summary RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.04-1.68). Positive and significant exposure-response relationships were observed among children under 5 y (RR 5.88, 95% CI 2.09-16.54), children exposed to SHS through any parent (RR 4.20, 95% CI 1.92-9.20), and children living under the most crowded household conditions (RR 5.53, 95% CI 2.36-12.98). Associations for LTBI and active TB disease remained significant after adjustment for age, biomass fuel (BMF) use, and presence of a TB patient in the household, although the meta-analysis was limited to a subset of studies that adjusted for these variables. There was a loss of association with increased risk of LTBI (but not active TB) after adjustment for socioeconomic status (SES) and study quality. The major limitation of this analysis is the high heterogeneity in outcomes among studies of pediatric cases of LTBI and TB disease. CONCLUSIONS We found that SHS exposure is associated with an increase in the relative risk of LTBI and active TB after controlling for age, BMF use, and contact with a TB patient, and there was no significant association of SHS exposure with LTBI after adjustment for SES and study quality. Given the high heterogeneity among the primary studies, our analysis may not show sufficient evidence to confirm an association. In addition, considering that the TB burden is highest in countries with increasing SHS exposure, it is important to confirm these results with higher quality studies. Research in this area may have important implications for TB and tobacco control programs, especially for children in settings with high SHS exposure and TB burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayadeep Patra
- Centre for Global Health Research, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla-Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Toronto, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Mehak Bhatia
- Centre for Global Health Research, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla-Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wilson Suraweera
- Centre for Global Health Research, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaun K. Morris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyril Patra
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Prabhat Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla-Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Toronto, Canada
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136
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Bozinovski S, Vlahos R. Multifaceted Role for IL-17A in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:1213-4. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201504-0714ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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137
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Provost KA, Smith M, Arold SP, Hava DL, Sethi S. Calcium Restores the Macrophage Response to NontypeableHaemophilus influenzaein Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:728-37. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0172oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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138
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Stolberg VR, McCubbrey AL, Freeman CM, Brown JP, Crudgington SW, Taitano SH, Saxton BL, Mancuso P, Curtis JL. Glucocorticoid-Augmented Efferocytosis Inhibits Pulmonary Pneumococcal Clearance in Mice by Reducing Alveolar Macrophage Bactericidal Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:174-84. [PMID: 25987742 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) increase community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) incidence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by unknown mechanisms. Apoptosis is increased in the lungs of COPD patients. Uptake of apoptotic cells (ACs) ("efferocytosis") by alveolar macrophages (AMøs) reduces their ability to combat microbes, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common cause of CAP in COPD patients. Having shown that ICS significantly increase AMø efferocytosis, we hypothesized that this process, termed glucocorticoid-augmented efferocytosis, might explain the association of CAP with ICS therapy in COPD. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of fluticasone, AC, or both on AMøs of C57BL/6 mice in vitro and in an established model of pneumococcal pneumonia. Fluticasone plus AC significantly reduced TLR4-stimulated AMø IL-12 production, relative to either treatment alone, and decreased TNF-α, CCL3, CCL5, and keratinocyte-derived chemoattractant/CXCL1, relative to AC. Mice treated with fluticasone plus AC before infection with viable pneumococci developed significantly more lung CFUs at 48 h. However, none of the pretreatments altered inflammatory cell recruitment to the lungs at 48 h postinfection, and fluticasone plus AC less markedly reduced in vitro mediator production to heat-killed pneumococci. Fluticasone plus AC significantly reduced in vitro AMø killing of pneumococci, relative to other conditions, in part by delaying phagolysosome acidification without affecting production of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. These results support glucocorticoid-augmented efferocytosis as a potential explanation for the epidemiological association of ICS therapy of COPD patients with increased risk for CAP, and establish murine experimental models to dissect underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine M Freeman
- Research Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jeanette P Brown
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Sean W Crudgington
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Sophina H Taitano
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Peter Mancuso
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Jeffrey L Curtis
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Medical Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
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139
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Ni I, Ji C, Vij N. Second-hand cigarette smoke impairs bacterial phagocytosis in macrophages by modulating CFTR dependent lipid-rafts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121200. [PMID: 25794013 PMCID: PMC4368805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction First/Second-hand cigarette-smoke (FHS/SHS) exposure weakens immune defenses inducing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Hence, we evaluated if SHS induced changes in membrane/lipid-raft (m-/r)-CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) expression/activity is a potential mechanism for impaired bacterial phagocytosis in COPD. Methods RAW264.7 murine macrophages were exposed to freshly prepared CS-extract (CSE) containing culture media and/or Pseudomonas-aeruginosa-PA01-GFP for phagocytosis (fluorescence-microscopy), bacterial survival (colony-forming-units-CFU), and immunoblotting assays. The CFTR-expression/activity and lipid-rafts were modulated by transient-transfection or inhibitors/inducers. Next, mice were exposed to acute/sub-chronic-SHS or room-air (5-days/3-weeks) and infected with PA01-GFP, followed by quantification of bacterial survival by CFU-assay. Results We investigated the effect of CSE treatment on RAW264.7 cells infected by PA01-GFP and observed that CSE treatment significantly (p<0.01) inhibits PA01-GFP phagocytosis as compared to the controls. We also verified this in murine model, exposed to acute/sub-chronic-SHS and found significant (p<0.05, p<0.02) increase in bacterial survival in the SHS-exposed lungs as compared to the room-air controls. Next, we examined the effect of impaired CFTR ion-channel-activity on PA01-GFP infection of RAW264.7 cells using CFTR172-inhibitor and found no significant change in phagocytosis. We also similarly evaluated the effect of a CFTR corrector-potentiator compound, VRT-532, and observed no significant rescue of CSE impaired PA01-GFP phagocytosis although it significantly (p<0.05) decreases CSE induced bacterial survival. Moreover, induction of CFTR expression in macrophages significantly (p<0.03) improves CSE impaired PA01-GFP phagocytosis as compared to the control. Next, we verified the link between m-/r-CFTR expression and phagocytosis using methyl-β-cyclodextran (CD), as it is known to deplete CFTR from membrane lipid-rafts. We observed that CD treatment significantly (p<0.01) inhibits bacterial phagocytosis in RAW264.7 cells and adding CSE further impairs phagocytosis suggesting synergistic effect on CFTR dependent lipid-rafts. Conclusion Our data suggest that SHS impairs bacterial phagocytosis by modulating CFTR dependent lipid-rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inzer Ni
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Changhoon Ji
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Neeraj Vij
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Foundational Sciences, College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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140
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Heulens N, Korf H, Janssens W. Innate immune modulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: moving closer toward vitamin D therapy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 353:360-8. [PMID: 25755208 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.223032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common respiratory diseases and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Disturbed innate immune processes characterize the pathogenesis of COPD. Vitamin D deficiency is very common in COPD patients and has been associated with disease severity. Interestingly, mechanistic evidence from animal and in vitro studies has demonstrated important innate immunomodulatory functions of vitamin D, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antimicrobial functions. This review discusses in detail how the innate immunomodulatory functions of vitamin D may have therapeutic potential in COPD patients. The remaining challenges associated with vitamin D therapy in COPD patients are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Heulens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases (N.H., W.J.) and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (H.K.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases (N.H., W.J.) and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (H.K.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases (N.H., W.J.) and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (H.K.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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141
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Chang AB, Marsh RL, Smith-Vaughan HC, Hoffman LR. Emerging drugs for bronchiectasis: an update. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2015; 20:277-97. [DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2015.1021683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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142
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Herr C, Han G, Li D, Tschernig T, Dinh QT, Beißwenger C, Bals R. Combined exposure to bacteria and cigarette smoke resembles characteristic phenotypes of human COPD in a murine disease model. EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE GESELLSCHAFT FUR TOXIKOLOGISCHE PATHOLOGIE 2015; 67:261-9. [PMID: 25601416 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abundant microbial colonization is a hallmark of COPD and smoke exposure likely increases the susceptibility to colonization and infection. The aim of the present study was to characterize the pulmonary changes of a combined exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) and microbial challenge in a preclinical murine COPD model. Animals were exposed to CS for 2 weeks, 3, and 6 months. Low and high doses of heat inactivated nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) were administered by inhalation during the whole exposure time. Pulmonary changes were analyzed by stereology, pulmonary function tests, measurements of inflammatory cells and mediators, and histopathology. Exposure of smoke in a relatively low concentration caused COPD-like changes of pulmonary function and only little inflammation. The coadministration of low dose NTHi (ld-NTHi) augmented a macrophage dominated inflammatory profile, while high dose NTHi (hd-NTHi) induced a neutrophilic inflammatory pattern. IL-17A secretion was solely dependent on the exposure to NTHi. Also goblet cell metaplasia and the formation of lymphoid aggregates depended on exposure to bacteria. In conclusion, the combination of exposure to smoke and bacterial compounds resulted in a mouse model that resembles several aspects of human disease. Exposure to microbial structural components appears necessary to model important pathologic features of the disease and the quantity of the exposure with microorganisms has a strong effect on the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, Respiratory Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66424 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, Respiratory Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, Respiratory Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Department of Anatomy, Saarland University Hospital, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Quoc Thai Dinh
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, Respiratory Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66424 Homburg, Germany; Department of Experimental Pulmonology, Saarland University Hospital, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Beißwenger
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, Respiratory Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, Respiratory Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66424 Homburg, Germany
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143
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Boue S, Fields B, Hoeng J, Park J, Peitsch MC, Schlage WK, Talikka M, Binenbaum I, Bondarenko V, Bulgakov OV, Cherkasova V, Diaz-Diaz N, Fedorova L, Guryanova S, Guzova J, Igorevna Koroleva G, Kozhemyakina E, Kumar R, Lavid N, Lu Q, Menon S, Ouliel Y, Peterson SC, Prokhorov A, Sanders E, Schrier S, Schwaitzer Neta G, Shvydchenko I, Tallam A, Villa-Fombuena G, Wu J, Yudkevich I, Zelikman M. Enhancement of COPD biological networks using a web-based collaboration interface. F1000Res 2015; 4:32. [PMID: 25767696 PMCID: PMC4350443 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5984.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction and application of biological network models is an approach that offers a holistic way to understand biological processes involved in disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive inflammatory disease of the airways for which therapeutic options currently are limited after diagnosis, even in its earliest stage. COPD network models are important tools to better understand the biological components and processes underlying initial disease development. With the increasing amounts of literature that are now available, crowdsourcing approaches offer new forms of collaboration for researchers to review biological findings, which can be applied to the construction and verification of complex biological networks. We report the construction of 50 biological network models relevant to lung biology and early COPD using an integrative systems biology and collaborative crowd-verification approach. By combining traditional literature curation with a data-driven approach that predicts molecular activities from transcriptomics data, we constructed an initial COPD network model set based on a previously published non-diseased lung-relevant model set. The crowd was given the opportunity to enhance and refine the networks on a website ( https://bionet.sbvimprover.com/) and to add mechanistic detail, as well as critically review existing evidence and evidence added by other users, so as to enhance the accuracy of the biological representation of the processes captured in the networks. Finally, scientists and experts in the field discussed and refined the networks during an in-person jamboree meeting. Here, we describe examples of the changes made to three of these networks: Neutrophil Signaling, Macrophage Signaling, and Th1-Th2 Signaling. We describe an innovative approach to biological network construction that combines literature and data mining and a crowdsourcing approach to generate a comprehensive set of COPD-relevant models that can be used to help understand the mechanisms related to lung pathobiology. Registered users of the website can freely browse and download the networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- The sbv IMPROVER project team (in alphabetical order)
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Selventa, One Alewife Center, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
- Systems Bioengineering Group - National Technical University of Athens, Ethniko Metsovio Politechnio, , 28is Oktovriou 42, Athina, 106 82, Greece
- Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV, 89052, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Intelligent Data Analysis Group (DATAi), School of Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1 41013, Sevilla, Spain
- University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklay str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
- Private, Washington DC, USA
- USAMRIID, Attn: MCMR-UIZ-R, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702-5011, USA
- Private, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Louisville University, 301 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- AnalyzeDat Consulting Services, Ernakulam, India
- Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Edward Sanders Scientific Consulting, Rue du Clos 33, 2034 Peseux, Switzerland
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Kuban State University of Physical Education, Sport and Tourism, 161, Budennogo Str., Krasnodar City, 350015, Russian Federation
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg
- Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1 41013, Sevilla, Spain
- Cal Biopharma, 710 Somerset Ln, Foster Cit, CA, 94404-3728, USA
- University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, HSB T-466, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie Boue
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Brett Fields
- Selventa, One Alewife Center, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Park
- Selventa, One Alewife Center, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Manuel C. Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Walter K. Schlage
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marja Talikka
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - The Challenge Best Performers (in alphabetical order)
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Selventa, One Alewife Center, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
- Systems Bioengineering Group - National Technical University of Athens, Ethniko Metsovio Politechnio, , 28is Oktovriou 42, Athina, 106 82, Greece
- Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV, 89052, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Intelligent Data Analysis Group (DATAi), School of Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1 41013, Sevilla, Spain
- University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklay str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
- Private, Washington DC, USA
- USAMRIID, Attn: MCMR-UIZ-R, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702-5011, USA
- Private, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Louisville University, 301 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- AnalyzeDat Consulting Services, Ernakulam, India
- Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Edward Sanders Scientific Consulting, Rue du Clos 33, 2034 Peseux, Switzerland
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Kuban State University of Physical Education, Sport and Tourism, 161, Budennogo Str., Krasnodar City, 350015, Russian Federation
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg
- Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1 41013, Sevilla, Spain
- Cal Biopharma, 710 Somerset Ln, Foster Cit, CA, 94404-3728, USA
- University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, HSB T-466, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ilona Binenbaum
- Systems Bioengineering Group - National Technical University of Athens, Ethniko Metsovio Politechnio, , 28is Oktovriou 42, Athina, 106 82, Greece
| | - Vladimir Bondarenko
- Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV, 89052, USA
| | - Oleg V. Bulgakov
- University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | | | - Norberto Diaz-Diaz
- Intelligent Data Analysis Group (DATAi), School of Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Larisa Fedorova
- University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Svetlana Guryanova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklay str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | - Rahul Kumar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Noa Lavid
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Qingxian Lu
- Louisville University, 301 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Swapna Menon
- AnalyzeDat Consulting Services, Ernakulam, India
| | - Yael Ouliel
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | | | - Alexander Prokhorov
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklay str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Edward Sanders
- Edward Sanders Scientific Consulting, Rue du Clos 33, 2034 Peseux, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Schrier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Irina Shvydchenko
- Kuban State University of Physical Education, Sport and Tourism, 161, Budennogo Str., Krasnodar City, 350015, Russian Federation
| | - Aravind Tallam
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - John Wu
- Cal Biopharma, 710 Somerset Ln, Foster Cit, CA, 94404-3728, USA
| | - Ilya Yudkevich
- University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mariya Zelikman
- University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, HSB T-466, Seattle, WA, USA
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Boue S, Fields B, Hoeng J, Park J, Peitsch MC, Schlage WK, Talikka M, Binenbaum I, Bondarenko V, Bulgakov OV, Cherkasova V, Diaz-Diaz N, Fedorova L, Guryanova S, Guzova J, Igorevna Koroleva G, Kozhemyakina E, Kumar R, Lavid N, Lu Q, Menon S, Ouliel Y, Peterson SC, Prokhorov A, Sanders E, Schrier S, Schwaitzer Neta G, Shvydchenko I, Tallam A, Villa-Fombuena G, Wu J, Yudkevich I, Zelikman M. Enhancement of COPD biological networks using a web-based collaboration interface. F1000Res 2015; 4:32. [PMID: 25767696 PMCID: PMC4350443 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5984.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction and application of biological network models is an approach that offers a holistic way to understand biological processes involved in disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive inflammatory disease of the airways for which therapeutic options currently are limited after diagnosis, even in its earliest stage. COPD network models are important tools to better understand the biological components and processes underlying initial disease development. With the increasing amounts of literature that are now available, crowdsourcing approaches offer new forms of collaboration for researchers to review biological findings, which can be applied to the construction and verification of complex biological networks. We report the construction of 50 biological network models relevant to lung biology and early COPD using an integrative systems biology and collaborative crowd-verification approach. By combining traditional literature curation with a data-driven approach that predicts molecular activities from transcriptomics data, we constructed an initial COPD network model set based on a previously published non-diseased lung-relevant model set. The crowd was given the opportunity to enhance and refine the networks on a website ( https://bionet.sbvimprover.com/) and to add mechanistic detail, as well as critically review existing evidence and evidence added by other users, so as to enhance the accuracy of the biological representation of the processes captured in the networks. Finally, scientists and experts in the field discussed and refined the networks during an in-person jamboree meeting. Here, we describe examples of the changes made to three of these networks: Neutrophil Signaling, Macrophage Signaling, and Th1-Th2 Signaling. We describe an innovative approach to biological network construction that combines literature and data mining and a crowdsourcing approach to generate a comprehensive set of COPD-relevant models that can be used to help understand the mechanisms related to lung pathobiology. Registered users of the website can freely browse and download the networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- The sbv IMPROVER project team (in alphabetical order)
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Selventa, One Alewife Center, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
- Systems Bioengineering Group - National Technical University of Athens, Ethniko Metsovio Politechnio, , 28is Oktovriou 42, Athina, 106 82, Greece
- Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV, 89052, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Intelligent Data Analysis Group (DATAi), School of Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1 41013, Sevilla, Spain
- University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklay str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
- Private, Washington DC, USA
- USAMRIID, Attn: MCMR-UIZ-R, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702-5011, USA
- Private, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Louisville University, 301 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- AnalyzeDat Consulting Services, Ernakulam, India
- Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Edward Sanders Scientific Consulting, Rue du Clos 33, 2034 Peseux, Switzerland
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Kuban State University of Physical Education, Sport and Tourism, 161, Budennogo Str., Krasnodar City, 350015, Russian Federation
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg
- Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1 41013, Sevilla, Spain
- Cal Biopharma, 710 Somerset Ln, Foster Cit, CA, 94404-3728, USA
- University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, HSB T-466, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie Boue
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Brett Fields
- Selventa, One Alewife Center, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Park
- Selventa, One Alewife Center, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Manuel C. Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Walter K. Schlage
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marja Talikka
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - The Challenge Best Performers (in alphabetical order)
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Selventa, One Alewife Center, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
- Systems Bioengineering Group - National Technical University of Athens, Ethniko Metsovio Politechnio, , 28is Oktovriou 42, Athina, 106 82, Greece
- Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV, 89052, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Intelligent Data Analysis Group (DATAi), School of Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1 41013, Sevilla, Spain
- University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklay str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
- Private, Washington DC, USA
- USAMRIID, Attn: MCMR-UIZ-R, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702-5011, USA
- Private, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Louisville University, 301 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- AnalyzeDat Consulting Services, Ernakulam, India
- Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Edward Sanders Scientific Consulting, Rue du Clos 33, 2034 Peseux, Switzerland
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Kuban State University of Physical Education, Sport and Tourism, 161, Budennogo Str., Krasnodar City, 350015, Russian Federation
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg
- Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1 41013, Sevilla, Spain
- Cal Biopharma, 710 Somerset Ln, Foster Cit, CA, 94404-3728, USA
- University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, HSB T-466, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ilona Binenbaum
- Systems Bioengineering Group - National Technical University of Athens, Ethniko Metsovio Politechnio, , 28is Oktovriou 42, Athina, 106 82, Greece
| | - Vladimir Bondarenko
- Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV, 89052, USA
| | - Oleg V. Bulgakov
- University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | | | - Norberto Diaz-Diaz
- Intelligent Data Analysis Group (DATAi), School of Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Larisa Fedorova
- University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Svetlana Guryanova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklay str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | - Rahul Kumar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Noa Lavid
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Qingxian Lu
- Louisville University, 301 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Swapna Menon
- AnalyzeDat Consulting Services, Ernakulam, India
| | - Yael Ouliel
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | | | - Alexander Prokhorov
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklay str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Edward Sanders
- Edward Sanders Scientific Consulting, Rue du Clos 33, 2034 Peseux, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Schrier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Irina Shvydchenko
- Kuban State University of Physical Education, Sport and Tourism, 161, Budennogo Str., Krasnodar City, 350015, Russian Federation
| | - Aravind Tallam
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - John Wu
- Cal Biopharma, 710 Somerset Ln, Foster Cit, CA, 94404-3728, USA
| | - Ilya Yudkevich
- University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mariya Zelikman
- University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, HSB T-466, Seattle, WA, USA
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145
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Takakura A, Katono K, Harada S, Igawa S, Katagiri M, Yanase N, Masuda N. [Two Cases of Rapidly Progressive Community-acquired Pneumonia Due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. KANSENSHOGAKU ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015; 89:56-61. [PMID: 26548298 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi.89.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant causative bacterium in hospital-acquired pneumonia and nursing and healthcare-associated pneumonia, but it seems to be rare in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We report two cases of severe CAP due to P. aeruginosa. Case 1: A 52-year-old man was referred to our hospital for chest and back pain. He was being treated for diabetes mellitus and had a long history of smoking. Chest images showed consolidation in the right upper lobe. Soon after hospitalization, he developed sepsis shock and died seven hours later. Case 2: A 73-year-old man with a history of heavy smoking was referred to our hospital for right chest pain. Chest images showed right upper lobe pneumonia. Although wide-spectrum antimicrobial agents were administrated, he died ten hours after admission. In both cases, there was a rapid progression to death, despite administration of a broad spectrum of antibiotics and treatment for sepsis. In cases of CAP involving the right upper lobe, the possibility of bacteremia and rapid progress should be considered.
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146
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Higaki M, Wada H, Mikura S, Yasutake T, Nakamura M, Niikura M, Kobayashi F, Kamma H, Kamiya S, Ito K, Barnes PJ, Goto H, Takizawa H. Interleukin-10 modulates pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation induced by cigarette smoke exposure. Exp Lung Res 2015; 41:525-34. [PMID: 26651880 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2015.1096315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Interleukin (IL)-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, but its role in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced inflammation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of IL-10 deficiency on CS-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS IL-10-deficient and wild-type control mice with a C57BL6/J genetic background were exposed to CS, and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and mRNA of cytokines in lung were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS During 12 days of daily CS exposure to wild-type mice, neutrophil counts in BAL fluid and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA expression were increased, peaked at day 8, and then declined on day 12 when the level of IL-10 reached its peak. In IL-10-deficient mice, neutrophil recruitment and TNF-α mRNA levels induced by CS exposure were significantly greater than those in wild-type mice. Keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC; murine ortholog of human CXCL8) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA levels or matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 protein levels were not correlated with neutrophil count. CONCLUSIONS IL-10 had a modulatory effect on CS-induced pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and TNF-α expression in mice in vivo and therefore appears to be an important endogenous suppressor of airway neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Higaki
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroo Wada
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
- b Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine , Juntendo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shinichiro Mikura
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yasutake
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masuo Nakamura
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Mamoru Niikura
- c Department of Infectious Diseases , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Fumie Kobayashi
- c Department of Infectious Diseases , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamma
- d Department of Pathology , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- c Department of Infectious Diseases , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ito
- e Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute , Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Peter J Barnes
- e Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute , Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Hajime Goto
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hajime Takizawa
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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147
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Bozinovski S, Anthony D, Vlahos R. Targeting pro-resolution pathways to combat chronic inflammation in COPD. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:1548-56. [PMID: 25478196 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.08.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory lung condition that is associated with irreversible airflow obstruction as a consequence of small airways disease, excessive mucus production and emphysema. Paradoxically, excessive inflammation fails to control microbial pathogens that not only colonise COPD airways, but also trigger acute exacerbations, which markedly increase inflammation underlying host tissue damage. Excessive production of leukocyte mobilising cytokines such as CXCL8 (IL-8) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in response to environmental stimuli (cigarette smoke and microbial products) are thought to maintain chronic inflammation, in conjunction with inefficient macrophage clearance of microbes and apoptotic neutrophils. In this perspective, we discuss an alternative view on why inflammation persists with a focus on why pro-resolution mediators such as lipoxin A4 (LXA4), D-series resolving and Annexin A1 fail to effectively switch off inflammation in COPD. These pro-resolving mediators converge on the G-protein coupled receptor, ALX/FPR2. This receptor is particularly relevant to COPD as the complex milieu of exogenous and host-derived mediators within the inflamed airways include agonists that potently activate ALX/FPR2, including Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and the cathelicidin, LL-37. There is emerging evidence to suggest that ALX/FPR2 can exist in alternative receptor conformations in an agonist-biased manner, which facilitates alternate functional receptor behaviors. Hence, the development of more stable pro-resolving analogs provides therapeutic opportunities to address ALX/FPR2 conformations to counteract pathogenic signaling and promote non-phlogistic clearance pathways essential for resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bozinovski
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Desiree Anthony
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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148
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Hansen MJ, Chan SPJ, Langenbach SY, Dousha LF, Jones JE, Yatmaz S, Seow HJ, Vlahos R, Anderson GP, Bozinovski S. IL-17A and serum amyloid A are elevated in a cigarette smoke cessation model associated with the persistence of pigmented macrophages, neutrophils and activated NK cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113180. [PMID: 25405776 PMCID: PMC4236152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While global success in cessation advocacy has seen smoking rates fall in many developed countries, persistent lung inflammation in ex-smokers is an increasingly important clinical problem whose mechanistic basis remains poorly understood. In this study, candidate effector mechanisms were assessed in mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 4 months following cessation from long term CS exposure. BALF neutrophils, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and lung innate NK cells remained significantly elevated following smoking cessation. Analysis of neutrophil mobilization markers showed a transition from acute mediators (MIP-2α, KC and G-CSF) to sustained drivers of neutrophil and macrophage recruitment and activation (IL-17A and Serum Amyoid A (SAA)). Follicle-like lymphoid aggregates formed with CS exposure and persisted with cessation, where they were in close anatomical proximity to pigmented macrophages, whose number actually increased 3-fold following CS cessation. This was associated with the elastolytic protease, MMP-12 (macrophage metallo-elastase) which remained significantly elevated post-cessation. Both GM-CSF and CSF-1 were significantly increased in the CS cessation group relative to the control group. In conclusion, we show that smoking cessation mediates a transition to accumulation of pigmented macrophages, which may contribute to the expanded macrophage population observed in COPD. These macrophages together with IL-17A, SAA and innate NK cells are identified here as candidate persistence determinants and, we suggest, may represent specific targets for therapies directed towards the amelioration of chronic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J. Hansen
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sheau Pyng J. Chan
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shenna Y. Langenbach
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lovisa F. Dousha
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica E. Jones
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Selcuk Yatmaz
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huei Jiunn Seow
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary P. Anderson
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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149
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Hamon R, Homan CC, Tran HB, Mukaro VR, Lester SE, Roscioli E, Bosco MD, Murgia CM, Ackland ML, Jersmann HP, Lang C, Zalewski PD, Hodge SJ. Zinc and zinc transporters in macrophages and their roles in efferocytosis in COPD. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110056. [PMID: 25350745 PMCID: PMC4211649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that nutritional zinc restriction exacerbates airway inflammation accompanied by an increase in caspase-3 activation and an accumulation of apoptotic epithelial cells in the bronchioles of the mice. Normally, apoptotic cells are rapidly cleared by macrophage efferocytosis, limiting any secondary necrosis and inflammation. We therefore hypothesized that zinc deficiency is not only pro-apoptotic but also impairs macrophage efferocytosis. Impaired efferocytic clearance of apoptotic epithelial cells by alveolar macrophages occurs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cigarette-smoking and other lung inflammatory diseases. We now show that zinc is a factor in impaired macrophage efferocytosis in COPD. Concentrations of zinc were significantly reduced in the supernatant of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with COPD who were current smokers, compared to healthy controls, smokers or COPD patients not actively smoking. Lavage zinc was positively correlated with AM efferocytosis and there was decreased efferocytosis in macrophages depleted of Zn in vitro by treatment with the membrane-permeable zinc chelator TPEN. Organ and cell Zn homeostasis are mediated by two families of membrane ZIP and ZnT proteins. Macrophages of mice null for ZIP1 had significantly lower intracellular zinc and efferocytosis capability, suggesting ZIP1 may play an important role. We investigated further using the human THP-1 derived macrophage cell line, with and without zinc chelation by TPEN to mimic zinc deficiency. There was no change in ZIP1 mRNA levels by TPEN but a significant 3-fold increase in expression of another influx transporter ZIP2, consistent with a role for ZIP2 in maintaining macrophage Zn levels. Both ZIP1 and ZIP2 proteins were localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm in normal human lung alveolar macrophages. We propose that zinc homeostasis in macrophages involves the coordinated action of ZIP1 and ZIP2 transporters responding differently to zinc deficiency signals and that these play important roles in macrophage efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Hamon
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Claire C. Homan
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hai B. Tran
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Violet R. Mukaro
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan E. Lester
- Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eugene Roscioli
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mariea D. Bosco
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Margaret Leigh Ackland
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hubertus P. Jersmann
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carol Lang
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter D. Zalewski
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sandra J. Hodge
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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150
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Hodge S, Hodge G, Holmes M, Jersmann H, Reynolds PN. Increased CD8 T-cell granzyme B in COPD is suppressed by treatment with low-dose azithromycin. Respirology 2014; 20:95-100. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hodge
- Lung Research Laboratory; Hanson Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Greg Hodge
- Lung Research Laboratory; Hanson Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Mark Holmes
- Lung Research Laboratory; Hanson Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Hubertus Jersmann
- Lung Research Laboratory; Hanson Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Paul N. Reynolds
- Lung Research Laboratory; Hanson Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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