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Sadeghinejad L, Cvitkovitch DG, Siqueira WL, Santerre JP, Finer Y. Triethylene Glycol Up-Regulates Virulence-Associated Genes and Proteins in Streptococcus mutans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165760. [PMID: 27820867 PMCID: PMC5098727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is a diluent monomer used pervasively in dental composite resins. Through hydrolytic degradation of the composites in the oral cavity it yields a hydrophilic biodegradation product, triethylene glycol (TEG), which has been shown to promote the growth of Streptococcus mutans, a dominant cariogenic bacterium. Previously it was shown that TEG up-regulated gtfB, an important gene contributing to polysaccharide synthesis function in biofilms. However, molecular mechanisms related to TEG’s effect on bacterial function remained poorly understood. In the present study, S. mutans UA159 was incubated with clinically relevant concentrations of TEG at pH 5.5 and 7.0. Quantitative real-time PCR, proteomics analysis, and glucosyltransferase enzyme (GTF) activity measurements were employed to identify the bacterial phenotypic response to TEG. A S. mutans vicK isogenic mutant (SMΔvicK1) and its associated complemented strain (SMΔvicK1C), an important regulatory gene for biofilm-associated genes, were used to determine if this signaling pathway was involved in modulation of the S. mutans virulence-associated genes. Extracted proteins from S. mutans biofilms grown in the presence and absence of TEG were subjected to mass spectrometry for protein identification, characterization and quantification. TEG up-regulated gtfB/C, gbpB, comC, comD and comE more significantly in biofilms at cariogenic pH (5.5) and defined concentrations. Differential response of the vicK knock-out (SMΔvicK1) and complemented strains (SMΔvicK1C) implicated this signalling pathway in TEG-modulated cellular responses. TEG resulted in increased GTF enzyme activity, responsible for synthesizing insoluble glucans involved in the formation of cariogenic biofilms. As well, TEG increased protein abundance related to biofilm formation, carbohydrate transport, acid tolerance, and stress-response. Proteomics data was consistent with gene expression findings for the selected genes. These findings demonstrate a mechanistic pathway by which TEG derived from commercial resin materials in the oral cavity promote S. mutans pathogenicity, which is typically associated with secondary caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Sadeghinejad
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dennis G. Cvitkovitch
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter L. Siqueira
- Schulich Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Paul Santerre
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoav Finer
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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102
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Sharma R, Kotyk MW, Wiltshire WA. An investigation into bisphenol A leaching from materials used intraorally. J Am Dent Assoc 2016; 147:545-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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103
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Gul P, Senol O, Yaman ME, Kadıoglu Y. Quantification and identification of components released from dental composites using different chromatographic techniques. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1185730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Gul
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Onur Senol
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emrah Yaman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yücel Kadıoglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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104
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Zhao L, Jian YT, Wang XD, Zhao K. Bond strength of primer/cement systems to zirconia subjected to artificial aging. J Prosthet Dent 2016; 116:790-796. [PMID: 27312655 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Creating reliable and durable adhesion to the nonactive zirconia surface is difficult and has limited zirconia use. The introduction of functional monomers such as 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) appears to have enhanced bond strength to zirconia. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the long-term bond strength of several MDP-containing primer/cement systems to zirconia. METHOD AND MATERIALS Zirconia blocks were divided into 6 groups (n=24) according to the 3 primers/cements to be bonded, as follows: Scotchbond Universal/RelyX Ultimate (SU/RU; consisting of MDP-containing primer/MDP-free cement); Clearfil ceramic primer/Panavia F (CCP/PAN; consisting ofMDP-containing/MDP-containing); and Z-Prime Plus/Duo-Link (ZP/DUO; consisting ofMDP-containing/MDP-free), which were compared with 3 nonprimed groups, RU, PAN, and DUO. After bonding, each group was further divided into 3 subgroups (n=8) according to the level of aging: 24-hour storage in water at 37°C (24H); 30-day storage at 37°C (30D); and 30-day storage at 37°C followed by 3000 thermal cycles (30D/TC). After aging, a shear bond strength test and failure mode analysis were performed. The data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA (α=.05). RESULTS After aging, nearly all primer/cement groups presented significantly higher bond strength than the related nonprimed groups for each level of aging (P<.05), except for CCP/PAN versus PAN with 24H (P=.741). SU/RU had the highest bond strength among the groups for all treatments (P<.05), except for CCP/PAN versus SU/RU with 30D/TC (P=.171). Among the nonprimed groups, only RU went through 30D/TC without premature debonding. With 24H and 30D, the failure modes in SU/RU and CCP/PAN were purely mixed, whereas those in the other groups were mainly adhesive, except for RU. CONCLUSIONS The superiority of the initial bond strength in SU/RU may result from some functional components other than MDP. The presence of MDP in the cement did not appear to have a positive effect on long-term bond strength to zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Staff Dentist, Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, and Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Technology and Materials for Oral Reconstruction, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Tao Jian
- Associate Professor, Institute of Stomatological Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Staff Dentist, Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, and Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Technology and Materials for Oral Reconstruction, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, and Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Technology and Materials for Oral Reconstruction, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
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105
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Novel hydroxyapatite nanorods improve anti-caries efficacy of enamel infiltrants. Dent Mater 2016; 32:784-93. [PMID: 27068739 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enamel resin infiltrants are biomaterials able to treat enamel caries at early stages. Nevertheless, they cannot prevent further demineralization of mineral-depleted enamel. Therefore, the aim of this work was to synthesize and incorporate specific hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAps) into the resin infiltrant to overcome this issue. METHODS HAps were prepared using a hydrothermal method (0h, 2h and 5h). The crystallinity, crystallite size and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized through XRD, FT-IR and TEM. HAps were then incorporated (10wt%) into a light-curing co-monomer resin blend (control) to create different resin-based enamel infiltrants (HAp-0h, HAp-2h and HAp-5h), whose degree of conversion (DC) was assessed by FT-IR. Enamel caries lesions were first artificially created in extracted human molars and infiltrated using the tested resin infiltrants. Specimens were submitted to pH-cycling to simulate recurrent caries. Knoop microhardness of resin-infiltrated underlying and surrounding enamel was analyzed before and after pH challenge. RESULTS Whilst HAp-0h resulted amorphous, HAp-2h and HAp-5h presented nanorod morphology and higher crystallinity. Resin infiltration doped with HAp-2h and HAp-5h caused higher enamel resistance against demineralization compared to control HAp-free and HAp-0h infiltration. The inclusion of more crystalline HAp nanorods (HAp-2h and HAp-5h) increased significantly (p<0.05) the DC. SIGNIFICANCE Incorporation of more crystalline HAp nanorods into enamel resin infiltrants may be a feasible method to improve the overall performance in the prevention of recurrent demineralization (e.g. caries lesion) in resin-infiltrated enamel.
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106
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Abedin F, Ye Q, Song L, Ge X, Camarda K, Spencer P. Effect of Partition of Photo-initiator Components and Addition of Iodonium Salt on the Photopolymerization of Phase-Separated Dental Adhesive. JOM (WARRENDALE, PA. : 1989) 2016; 68:1090-1099. [PMID: 27158215 PMCID: PMC4856225 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-016-1816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The polymerization kinetics of physically separated hydrophobic- and hydrophilic-rich phases of a model dental adhesive have been investigated. The two phases were prepared from neat resin containing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA) in the ratio of 45:55 (wt/wt). Neat resins containing various combinations of popular photo-initiating compounds, e.g., camphoquinone (CQ), ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (EDMAB), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPIHP) were prepared. To obtain the two phases 33 wt% of deuterium oxide (D2O) was added to the neat resins. This amount of D2O exceeded the miscibility limit for the resins. The concentration of each component of the photo-initiating system in the two phases was quantified by HPLC. When combined with CQ, DMAEMA is less efficient as a co-initiator compared to EDMAB. The addition of DPIHP as the third component into either CQ/EDMAB or CQ/DMAEMA photo-initiating systems leads to comparable performance in both the hydrophobic- and hydrophilic-rich phases. The addition of the iodonium salt significantly improved the photopolymerization of the hydrophilic-rich phase; the hydrophilic-rich phase exhibited extremely poor polymerization when the iodonium salt was not included in the formulation. The partition concentration of EDMAB in the hydrophilic-rich phase was significantly lower than that of DMAEMA or DPIHP. This study indicates the need for a combination of hydrophobic/hydrophilic photosensitizer and addition of iodonium salt to improve polymerization within the hydrophilic-rich phase of the dental adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Abedin
- Bioengineering Research Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; Bioengineering Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Qiang Ye
- Bioengineering Research Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Linyong Song
- Bioengineering Research Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Xueping Ge
- Bioengineering Research Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Kyle Camarda
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Paulette Spencer
- Bioengineering Research Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
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107
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In vitro antibacterial and remineralizing effect of adhesive containing triazine and niobium pentoxide phosphate inverted glass. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:93-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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108
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McLeod DC, Tsarevsky NV. 4-Vinylphenyl Glycidyl Ether: Synthesis, RAFT Polymerization, and Postpolymerization Modifications with Alcohols. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. McLeod
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Drug Discovery, Design, and Delivery at Dedman College, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Nicolay V. Tsarevsky
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Drug Discovery, Design, and Delivery at Dedman College, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
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109
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HIGASHI M, MATSUMOTO M, KAWAGUCHI A, MIURA J, MINAMINO T, KABETANI T, TAKESHIGE F, MINE A, YATANI H. Bonding effectiveness of self-adhesive and conventional-type adhesive resin cements to CAD/CAM resin blocks. Part 1: Effects of sandblasting and silanization. Dent Mater J 2016; 35:21-8. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2015-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mami HIGASHI
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Mariko MATSUMOTO
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Asuka KAWAGUCHI
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Jiro MIURA
- Division for Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital
| | - Takuya MINAMINO
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Tomoshige KABETANI
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Fumio TAKESHIGE
- Division for Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital
| | - Atsushi MINE
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Hirofumi YATANI
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
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110
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Nedeljkovic I, Teughels W, De Munck J, Van Meerbeek B, Van Landuyt KL. Is secondary caries with composites a material-based problem? Dent Mater 2015; 31:e247-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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111
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Kuper NK, Montagner AF, van de Sande FH, Bronkhorst EM, Opdam NJM, Huysmans MCDJNM. Secondary Caries Development in in situ Gaps next to Composite and Amalgam. Caries Res 2015; 49:557-63. [PMID: 26407050 DOI: 10.1159/000438728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This in situ study investigated the secondary caries development in dentin in gaps next to composite and amalgam. For 21 days, 14 volunteers wore a modified occlusal splint containing human dentin samples with an average gap of 215 µm (SD=55 µm) restored with three different materials: Filtek Supreme composite, Clearfil AP-X composite and Tytin amalgam. Eight times a day, the splint with samples was dipped in a 20% sucrose solution for 10 min. Before and after caries development, specimens were imaged with transversal wavelength independent microradiography, and lesion depth (LD) and mineral loss (ML) were calculated. The LD and ML of the three restoration materials were compared within patients using paired t tests (α=5%). In total 38 composite samples (Filtek n=19 and AP-X n=19) and 19 amalgam samples could be used for data analysis. AP-X composite presented the highest mean values of LD and ML of the three restorative materials. Amalgam showed statistically significantly less ML (Δ=452 µm×vol%) than the combined composite materials (p=0.036). When comparing amalgam to the separate composite materials, only AP-X composite showed higher ML (Δ=515 µm×vol%) than amalgam (p=0.034). Analysis of LD showed the same trends, but these were not statistically significant. In conclusion, amalgam showed reduced secondary caries progression in dentin in gaps compared to composite materials tested in this in situ model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolien K Kuper
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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112
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Gonzalez-Bonet A, Kaufman G, Yang Y, Wong C, Jackson A, Huyang G, Bowen R, Sun J. Preparation of Dental Resins Resistant to Enzymatic and Hydrolytic Degradation in Oral Environments. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3381-8. [PMID: 26358180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The short average service life of traditional dental composite restorative materials and increasing occurrence of secondary caries adjacent to composite restorations and sealants are necessitating the development of new, longer lasting compositions. Novel monomers and their polymers, reinforcing fillers, and adhesive components are needed. The goal of this research is to develop resin systems for use in restorations, sealants, and other dental services that are superior in properties and endurance to currently used bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA/TEGDMA) and urethane-dimethacrylate products. Ether-based monomers and their polymers that were not susceptible to enzymatic or hydrolytic degradation were prepared and characterized. They showed no degradation under hydrolytic and enzymatic challenges, whereas the hydrolysis of ester links weakened contemporary resins within 16 days under these challenges. The success of the ether-based materials is promising in making durable systems that are subjected to long-term biochemical and hydrolytic challenges in oral environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Gonzalez-Bonet
- Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Gili Kaufman
- Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Yin Yang
- Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Christopher Wong
- Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Abigail Jackson
- Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - George Huyang
- Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Rafael Bowen
- Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jirun Sun
- Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Podgórski M, Becka E, Claudino M, Flores A, Shah PK, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN. Ester-free thiol-ene dental restoratives--Part B: Composite development. Dent Mater 2015; 31:1263-70. [PMID: 26360012 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the performance of thiol-ene dental composites based on selected ester-free thiol-ene formulations. Further, to point out the benefits/drawback of having a hydrolytically stable thiol-ene matrix within a glass filled composite. METHODS Composite samples containing 50-65wt% of functionalized glass microparticles were prepared and photopolymerized in the presence of a suitable visible light photoinitiator. Shrinkage stress measurements were conducted as a function of the irradiation time. Degrees of conversion were measured by FT-IR analysis by comparing the double bond signals before and after photopolymerization. Mechanical tests were carried out on specimens after curing as well as after extended aging in water. Dynamic mechanical analysis was employed to track the changes in storage modulus near body temperature. The properties of the thiol-ene composites were compared with those of the BisGMA/TEGDMA control. RESULTS Depending on the resin type, similar or higher conversions were achieved in thiol-ene composites when compared to the dimethacrylate controls. At comparable conversions, lower shrinkage stress values were achieved. Although exhibiting lower initial elastic moduli, the thiol-ene composites' flexural strengths were found to be comparable with the controls. Contrary to the control, the mechanical properties of the ester-free thiol-ene composites were shown to be unaffected by extensive aging in water and at least equaled that of the control after aging in water for just five weeks. SIGNIFICANCE Employing non-degradable step-growth networks as organic matrices in dental composites will provide structurally uniform, tough materials with extended service time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Podgórski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, JSC Biotech Building, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, MCS University, Gliniana St. 33, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
| | - Eftalda Becka
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, JSC Biotech Building, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Mauro Claudino
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, JSC Biotech Building, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Alexander Flores
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, JSC Biotech Building, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Parag K Shah
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, JSC Biotech Building, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Stansbury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, JSC Biotech Building, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8310, 12800E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, JSC Biotech Building, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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114
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Ge X, Ye Q, Song L, Spencer P, Laurence JS. Effect of crosslinking density of polymers and chemical structure of amine-containing monomers on the neutralization capacity of dentin adhesives. Dent Mater 2015; 31:1245-53. [PMID: 26342639 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neutralization of the acidic micro-environment at the tooth/material interface is expected to provide enhanced durability for dental composite restorations. The objective of this study is to explore the effect of amine-containing monomer formulations and the crosslinking density of the resultant polymers on the neutralization capacity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The co-monomer system was varied systematically to obtain different proportions of Bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), while maintaining a constant amount of amine-containing methacrylate monomer. A series of amine-containing monomers covering a range of pKa values were examined. Crosslinking density of formed copolymers was controlled by adjusting the weight content of the dimethacrylate monomer BisGMA. Lactic acid (LA) was used as a probe to analyze the effectiveness of the basic polymers to neutralize acid. The neutralization capacity of each amine-containing crosslinked copolymer was characterized by measuring pH as a function of time when the specimens were soaked in 1-mM LA solution, and the results were compared to the control formulations composed solely of BisGMA and HEMA. Polymer surfaces were examined using the methyl orange (MO) assay to quantify the amount of accessible amine groups. RESULTS For each amine-containing crosslinked co-polymer, the neutralization capacity is enhanced by decreasing crosslinking density (e.g., by reducing BisGMA concentration in the formulation). In addition, more amine groups were accessible when crosslinking density was decreased. For different amine-containing polymers with the same BisGMA concentration, the neutralization capacity is higher when the amino monomers with higher pKa values were used in the formulations. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first time that the neutralization capacity based on crosslinked dental polymers has been studied. The information is important for future development of durable dentin adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Ge
- Bioengineering Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Qiang Ye
- Bioengineering Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Linyong Song
- Bioengineering Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Paulette Spencer
- Bioengineering Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Jennifer S Laurence
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
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115
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Okulus Z, Buchwald T, Voelkel A. Characterization of light-cured, dental-resin-based biocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Okulus
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering; Poznań University of Technology; ul. Berdychowo 4 60-965 Poznań Poland
| | - Tomasz Buchwald
- Faculty of Technical Physics; Poznań University of Technology; ul. Piotrowo 3 60-965 Poznań Poland
| | - Adam Voelkel
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering; Poznań University of Technology; ul. Berdychowo 4 60-965 Poznań Poland
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116
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Gao S, Gao S, Xu B, Yu H. Effects of Different pH-Values on the Nanomechanical Surface Properties of PEEK and CFR-PEEK Compared to Dental Resin-Based Materials. MATERIALS 2015; 8:4751-4767. [PMID: 28793469 PMCID: PMC5455519 DOI: 10.3390/ma8084751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The study determines the stability and durability of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and a carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) with 30% short carbon fibers, a dental composite based on Bis-GMA and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) under the influence of different pH-values of the oral environment in vitro. Nanomechanical properties were investigated by nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests before and after incubation of the specimens at 37 °C for 30 days in artificial saliva with pH-values of 3, 7 and 10, respectively. Nanoindentation and nanoscratching tests were performed using the Hysitron TI950 TriboIndenter to evaluate the reduced elastic moduli, nanohardness, viscoelasticity, friction coefficient and residual scratch profiles. After treatment, the nanomechanical properties of unfilled PEEK did not change. The reduced elastic moduli and nanohardness of the carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK increased significantly. The reduced elastic moduli and nanohardness of CHARISMA decreased. The plasticity of all materials except that of the unfilled PEEK increased. This indicates that different pH-values of the artificial saliva solutions had no obvious influences on the nanomechanical properties of the PEEK matrix. Therefore, the aging resistance of the unfilled PEEK was higher than those of other materials. It can be deduced that the PEEK matrix without filler was more stable than with filler in the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, NO. 14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shanshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, NO. 14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Baohua Xu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, NO. 14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Song L, Ye Q, Ge X, Spencer P. Compositional design and optimization of dentin adhesive with neutralization capability. J Dent 2015; 43:1132-1139. [PMID: 26144189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to investigate the polymerization behavior, neutralization capability, and mechanical properties of dentin adhesive formulations with the addition of the tertiary amine co-monomer, 2-N-morpholinoethyl methacrylate (MEMA). METHODS A co-monomer mixture based on HEMA/BisGMA (45/55, w/w) was used as a control adhesive. Compared with the control formulation, the MEMA-containing adhesive formulations were characterized comprehensively with regard to water miscibility of liquid resin, water sorption and solubility of cured polymer, real-time photopolymerization kinetics, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). The neutralization capacity was characterized by monitoring the pH shift of 1mM lactic acid (LA) solution, in which the adhesive polymers were soaked. RESULTS With increasing MEMA concentrations, experimental copolymers showed higher water sorption, lower glass transition temperature and lower crosslinking density compared to the control. The pH values of LA solution gradually increased from 3.5 to about 6.0-6.5 after 90 days. With the increase in crosslinking density of the copolymers, the neutralization rate was depressed. The optimal MEMA concentration was between 20 and 40 wt%. CONCLUSIONS As compared to the control, the results indicated that the MEMA-functionalized copolymer showed neutralization capability. The crosslinking density of the copolymer networks influenced the neutralization rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyong Song
- University of Kansas, Bioengineering Research Center, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Qiang Ye
- University of Kansas, Bioengineering Research Center, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA.
| | - Xueping Ge
- University of Kansas, Bioengineering Research Center, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Paulette Spencer
- University of Kansas, Bioengineering Research Center, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA; University of Kansas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA.
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de Morais RC, Garcia LDFR, Cruvinel DR, Panzeri Pires-de-Souza FDC. Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Composite submitted to Different Types and Periods of Finishing/Polishing: Physical Properties of Composites. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:565-70. [PMID: 26329412 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of accelerated artificial aging (AAA) on color stability (AE) and surface roughness of composite submitted to different systems and periods of finishing/polishing. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Teflon matrix was used to fabricate 60 specimens that were separated into four groups, according to the finishing/polishing system: G1: no polishing; G2: abrasive papers; G3: rubber polishing disks; and G4: G2 + G3. Polishing was performed at three different time intervals (n = 6): immediately (Im), 24 hours (24 hours) and 7 days (7 day) after specimen fabrication. Initial color and surface roughness readouts were taken. Afterwards, specimens were submitted to AAA (480 hours) and new readouts were taken. RESULTS Results demonstrated that G2 (7 day) presented lower AE, statistically different from G1 and G4 (7 days) (two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Regarding roughness, there was no difference among groups and periods. Polishing performed with abrasive papers, 7 days after performing the restoration, promoted less color alteration. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Most of composite restorations are replaced within a period shorter than 5 years due to esthetic failure, and correct finishing and polishing procedures are fundamental to avoid these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Costa de Morais
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo Rodrigues Cruvinel
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza
- Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Phone: +55 (016) 3602-3973, e-mail:
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Altmann ASP, Collares FM, Ogliari FA, Samuel SMW. Effect of methacrylated-based antibacterial monomer on orthodontic adhesive system properties. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015; 147:S82-7. [PMID: 25836348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibacterial adhesives were developed to reduce the incidence of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients. Compounds that contain triazine are known as effective antibacterial agents. The aims of this study were to develop an experimental orthodontic adhesive containing 1,3,5-triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (TAT) and to characterize it. METHODS TAT was added in 3 concentrations (10%, 15%, and 20%) to the experimental orthodontic adhesive. Antibacterial activity was assayed by brain-heart infusion broth dilution against Streptococcus mutans. The degree of conversion was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and solvent degradation was evaluated by Knoop microhardness before and after immersion in ethanol for 2 hours. The shear bond strength of metal brackets bonded to bovine enamel surface was assessed. RESULTS All experimental adhesives reduced bacterial growth. The addition of 15% and 20% TAT increased the degree of conversion compared with the control group (0%) and the 10% group. All groups showed a decrease in hardness after ethanol immersion, and there was also a decrease in the percentage of variation of Knoop hardness in the experimental adhesives containing TAT, whereas the shear bond strength increased. CONCLUSIONS Orthodontic adhesives containing TAT are promising antibacterial materials, especially those with 15% and 20% TAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Segatto Pires Altmann
- Graduate student, Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Adjunct professor, Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício Aulo Ogliari
- Adjunct Professor, School of Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Susana Maria Werner Samuel
- Professor, Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Del Buffa S, Bonini M, Ridi F, Severi M, Losi P, Volpi S, Al Kayal T, Soldani G, Baglioni P. Design and characterization of a composite material based on Sr(II)-loaded clay nanotubes included within a biopolymer matrix. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 448:501-7. [PMID: 25778738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on the preparation, characterization, and cytotoxicity of a hybrid nanocomposite material made of Sr(II)-loaded Halloysite nanotubes included within a biopolymer (3-polyhydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) matrix. The Sr(II)-loaded inorganic scaffold is intended to provide mechanical resistance, multi-scale porosity, and to favor the in-situ regeneration of bone tissue thanks to its biocompatibility and bioactivity. The interaction of the hybrid system with the physiological environment is mediated by the biopolymer coating, which acts as a binder, as well as a diffusional barrier to the Sr(II) release. The degradation of the polymer progressively leads to the exposure of the Sr(II)-loaded Halloysite scaffold, tuning its interaction with osteogenic cells. The in vitro biocompatibility of the composite was demonstrated by cytotoxicity tests on L929 fibroblast cells. The results indicate that this composite material could be of interest for multiple strategies in the field of bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Del Buffa
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; CSGI Consortium, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; CSGI Consortium, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Ridi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; CSGI Consortium, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Losi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Silvia Volpi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Tamer Al Kayal
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Soldani
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; CSGI Consortium, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
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TING S, CHOWDHURY AFMA, PAN F, FU J, SUN J, KAKUDA S, HOSHIKA S, MATSUDA Y, IKEDA T, NAKAOKI Y, ABE S, YOSHIDA Y, SANO H. Effect of remaining dentin thickness on microtensile bond strength of current adhesive systems. Dent Mater J 2015; 34:181-8. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2014-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shihchun TING
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - AFM Almas CHOWDHURY
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Feng PAN
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Jiale FU
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Jihow SUN
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Shinichi KAKUDA
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Shuhei HOSHIKA
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Yasuhiro MATSUDA
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Takatsumi IKEDA
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Yasuko NAKAOKI
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Shigeaki ABE
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Yasuhiro YOSHIDA
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Hidehiko SANO
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
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Attik GN, Gritsch K, Colon P, Grosgogeat B. Confocal time lapse imaging as an efficient method for the cytocompatibility evaluation of dental composites. J Vis Exp 2014:e51949. [PMID: 25406737 PMCID: PMC4353434 DOI: 10.3791/51949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that in vitro cell material interaction is a useful criterion in the evaluation of dental material biocompatibility. The objective of this study was to use 3D CLSM time lapse confocal imaging to assess the in vitro biocompatibility of dental composites. This method provides an accurate and sensitive indication of viable cell rate in contact with dental composite extracts. The ELS extra low shrinkage, a dental composite used for direct restoration, has been taken as example. In vitro assessment was performed on cultured primary human gingival fibroblast cells using Live/Dead staining. Images were obtained with the FV10i confocal biological inverted system and analyzed with the FV10-ASW 3.1 Software. Image analysis showed a very slight cytotoxicity in the presence of the tested composite after 5 hours of time lapse. A slight decrease of cell viability was shown in contact with the tested composite extracts compared to control cells. The findings highlighted the use of 3D CLSM time lapse imaging as a sensitive method to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the biocompatibility behavior of dental composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghania Nina Attik
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Lyon1;
| | - Kerstin Gritsch
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Lyon1; UFR d'Odontologie, Université Lyon1; Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon
| | - Pierre Colon
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Lyon1; UFR d'Odontologie, Université Paris Diderot; Service d'Odontologie, APHP, Hôpital Rothschild
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Lyon1; UFR d'Odontologie, Université Lyon1; Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon
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123
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Athanassiadis B, George GA, Abbott PV, Wash LJ. A review of the effects of formaldehyde release from endodontic materials. Int Endod J 2014; 48:829-38. [PMID: 25283681 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is present in most living cells and the environment. In dentistry, patients may be exposed to formaldehyde through the use of several endodontic materials (e.g. AH 26) and during formocresol pulpotomies. This review outlines how the human body reacts to formaldehyde exposure, how recent data has relooked at the issue of carcinogenicity and leukaemia associated with formaldehyde, and whether it is possible to quantify the amount of formaldehyde produced by endodontic cements. The review analyses the way formaldehyde is produced from epoxy resins and addresses the question of whether the amount of formaldehyde from endodontic cements is large enough to override the body's ability to deal with its own endogenous levels of formaldehyde and should the amount of formaldehyde produced be a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G A George
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - P V Abbott
- School of Dentistry, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - L J Wash
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Argolo S, Mathias P, Aguiar T, Lima A, Santos S, Foxton R, Cavalcanti A. Effect of agitation and storage temperature on water sorption and solubility of adhesive systems. Dent Mater J 2014; 34:1-6. [PMID: 24998169 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2014-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of storage temperature and flask agitation on the water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL) of simplified adhesive systems. Seventy-two disc-shaped specimens were prepared according to the adhesive system (water/ethanol-based: Adper Single Bond 2; and water-based: One Coat Bond SL) and experimental conditions tested (mechanical agitation and storage temperature). Statistical analysis (3-way ANOVA, alpha=5%) found significantly greater WS and SL means for the water/ethanol-based system when compared to the water-based. Irrespective of factors studied, significant differences in WS and SL were noted between cold and room temperatures, with greater values been obtained at 1°C, and lower ones at 20°C. Agitation provided increased WS for both materials at all temperatures, but did not affect their SL. The mechanical agitation of the flask may negatively affect the dynamics of diffusion of simplified adhesive systems, even at extremely cold or warm temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saryta Argolo
- Dentistry Course, Northeast Independent School (FAINOR)
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DETERMINATION OF BISPHENOL A RELEASED FROM RESIN-BASED COMPOSITE DENTAL RESTORATIVES. J Am Dent Assoc 2014; 145:763-5. [DOI: 10.14219/jada.2014.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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126
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Abedin F, Ye Q, Good HJ, Parthasarathy R, Spencer P. Polymerization- and solvent-induced phase separation in hydrophilic-rich dentin adhesive mimic. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3038-47. [PMID: 24631658 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current dental resin undergoes phase separation into hydrophobic-rich and hydrophilic-rich phases during infiltration of the over-wet demineralized collagen matrix. Such phase separation undermines the integrity and durability of the bond at the composite/tooth interface. This study marks the first time that the polymerization kinetics of model hydrophilic-rich phase of dental adhesive has been determined. Samples were prepared by adding varying water content to neat resins made from 95 and 99 wt.% hydroxyethylmethacrylate and 5 and 1 wt.% (2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl1]-propane prior to light curing. Viscosity of the formulations decreased with increased water content. The photopolymerization kinetics study was carried out with a time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. All of the samples exhibited two-stage polymerization behavior which has not been reported previously for dental resin formulation. The lowest secondary rate maxima were observed for water contents of 10-30 wt.%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed two glass transition temperatures for the hydrophilic-rich phase of dental adhesive. The DSC results indicate that the heterogeneity within the final polymer structure decreased with increasing water content. The results suggest a reaction mechanism involving both polymerization-induced phase separation and solvent-induced phase separation for the model hydrophilic-rich phase of dental resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Abedin
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Qiang Ye
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA.
| | - Holly J Good
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Ranganathan Parthasarathy
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Paulette Spencer
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
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127
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Skrtic D, Antonucci JM. Bioactive polymeric composites for tooth mineral regeneration: physicochemical and cellular aspects. J Funct Biomater 2014; 2:271-307. [PMID: 22102967 PMCID: PMC3217270 DOI: 10.3390/jfb2030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Our studies of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-based dental materials are focused on the design of bioactive, non-degradable, biocompatible, polymeric composites derived from acrylic monomer systems and ACP by photochemical or chemically activated polymerization. Their intended uses include remineralizing bases/liners, orthodontic adhesives and/or endodontic sealers. The bioactivity of these materials originates from the propensity of ACP, once exposed to oral fluids, to release Ca and PO4 ions (building blocks of tooth and bone mineral) in a sustained manner while spontaneously converting to thermodynamically stable apatite. As a result of ACP's bioactivity, local Ca- and PO4-enriched environments are created with supersaturation conditions favorable for the regeneration of tooth mineral lost to decay or wear. Besides its applicative purpose, our research also seeks to expand the fundamental knowledge base of structure-composition-property relationships existing in these complex systems and identify the mechanisms that govern filler/polymer and composite/tooth interfacial phenomena. In addition to an extensive physicochemical evaluation, we also assess the leachability of the unreacted monomers and in vitro cellular responses to these types of dental materials. The systematic physicochemical and cellular assessments presented in this study typically provide model materials suitable for further animal and/or clinical testing. In addition to their potential dental clinical value, these studies suggest the future development of calcium phosphate-based biomaterials based on composite materials derived from biodegradable polymers and ACP, and designed primarily for general bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drago Skrtic
- Paffenbarger Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation; Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-301-975-3541; Fax: +1-301-963-9143
| | - Joseph M. Antonucci
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology; Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; E-Mail:
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Cai K, Delaviz Y, Banh M, Guo Y, Santerre JP. Biodegradation of composite resin with ester linkages: identifying human salivary enzyme activity with a potential role in the esterolytic process. Dent Mater 2014; 30:848-60. [PMID: 24950808 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ester linkages contained within dental resin monomers (such as Bisphenol A-glycidylmethacrylate (BisGMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)) are susceptible to hydrolytic degradation by salivary esterases, however very little is known about the specific esterase activities implicated in this process. The objective of this work was to isolate and identify the dominant proteins from saliva that are associated with the esterase activities shown to be involved in the degradation of BisGMA. METHODS Human whole saliva was collected and processed prior to separation in a HiPrep 16/60 Sephacryl S-200 HR column. The fraction with the highest esterase activity was further separated by an anion exchange column (Mono-Q (10/100G)). Isolated fractions were then separated by gel electrophoresis, and compared to a common bench marker esterase, cholesterol esterase (CE), and commercial albumin which has been reported to express esterase activity. Proteins suspected of containing esterase activity were analyzed by Mass Spectroscopy (MS). Commercially available proteins, similar to the salivary esterase proteins identified by MS, were used to replicate the enzymatic complexes and confirm their degradation activity with respect to BisGMA. RESULTS MS data suggested that the enzyme fraction with the highest esterase activity was contained among a group of proteins consisting of albumin, Zn-α2-glycoprotein, α-amylase, TALDO1 protein, transferrin, lipocalin2, and prolactin-induced protein. Studies concluded that the main esterase bands on the gels in each fraction did not overlap with CE activity, and that albumin activity emerged as a lead candidate with significant esterase activity relative to BisGMA degradation, particularly when it formed a complex with Zn-α2-glycoprotein, under slightly basic conditions. SIGNIFICANCE These enzyme complexes can be used as a physiologically relevant formulation to test the biostability of composite resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuihua Cai
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yasaman Delaviz
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomaterials Engineering, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Banh
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yi Guo
- Materials Science Engineering, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomedical and Biomaterials Engineering, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Materials Science Engineering, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Ozakar Ilday N, Celik N, Bayindir YZ, Seven N. Effect of water storage on the translucency of silorane-based and dimethacrylate-based composite resins with fibres. J Dent 2014; 42:746-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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130
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Schittly E, Le Goff S, Besnault C, Sadoun M, Ruse N. Effect of water storage on the flexural strength of four self-etching adhesive resin cements and on the dentin-titanium shear bond strength mediated by them. Oper Dent 2014; 39:E171-7. [PMID: 24720264 DOI: 10.2341/13-084-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of water storage on the flexural strength (σf) of four self-etching adhesive resin cements (SEARC) and on the dentin-titanium shear bond strength (SBS) mediated by them. MATERIALS AND METHODS The selected SEARC were Rely X Unicem, G-Cem, Maxcem, and SmartCem2. For each material, 50 bars (2×2×25 mm) were made and stored in water at 37°C for 1 hour, 1 day, 7 days, 30 days, and 60 days before σf was determined via a three-point bend test. Titanium cylinders were bonded to freshly exposed human dentin surfaces using the selected cements. Fifty samples were obtained for each SEARC and were stored in water at 37°C for 1 hour, 1 day, 7 days, 30 days, and 60 days before SBS was determined. The results were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance followed by Scheffé multiple means comparisons (α=0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient between σf and SBS was determined. RESULTS Significantly different σf and SBS values were obtained for the four cements. With regards to the effect of water storage, the σf of all materials increased during the first 7 days, was not significantly different between materials by 30 days, and then remained relatively constant or decreased for SmartCem2; SBS was not affected by water storage, with the exception of Maxcem, where a significant drop in SBS was detected after 1 day and no deterioration thereafter. No correlation was found between σf and SBS. CONCLUSIONS Under the experimental conditions of this study, 60 days of water storage negatively affected the σf of SmartCem2 but did not negatively affect the SEARC-mediated dentin-titanium SBS (Maxcem showed a significant drop in SBS after 1 day but no deterioration thereafter). The dentin-titanium adherence afforded by Rely X and G-Cem was significantly higher than that of Maxcem and SmartCem2.
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131
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Stanislawczuk R, Reis A, Malaquias P, Pereira F, Farago PV, Meier MM, Loguercio AD. Mechanical properties and modeling of drug release from chlorhexidine-containing etch-and-rinse adhesives. Dent Mater 2014; 30:392-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Effect of lactic Acid etching on bonding effectiveness of orthodontic bracket after water storage. ISRN DENTISTRY 2014; 2014:719608. [PMID: 25006465 PMCID: PMC3977091 DOI: 10.1155/2014/719608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To determine the effect of lactic acid at various concentrations on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with the resin adhesive system before and after water storage. Materials and Methods. Hundred extracted human premolars were divided into 5 treatment groups and etched for 30 seconds with one of the following agents: lactic acid solution with (A) 10%, (B) 20%, (C) 30%, and (D) 50%; group E, 37% phosphoric acid (control). Metal brackets were bonded using a Transbond XT. Bonding effectiveness was assessed by shear bond strength after 24 hours and 6 months of water storage at 37°C. The data were analyzed with 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test (α = .001). Results. Lactic acid concentration and water storage resulted in significant differences for brackets bond strength (P < .001). 20% lactic acid had significantly higher mean bond strength values (SD) for all conditions: 24 hours [12.2 (.7) MPa] and 6 months [10.1 (.6) MPa] of water storage. 37% phosphoric acid had intermediate bond strength values for all conditions: 24 hours [8.2 (.6) MPa] and 6 months [6.2 (.6) MPa] of water storage. Also, there were differences in bond strength between storage time, with a reduction in values from 24 hours and 6 months for all experimental groups (P < .001). Conclusion. Lactic acid could be used in place of phosphoric acid as an enamel etchant for bonding of orthodontic brackets.
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Song L, Ye Q, Ge X, Misra A, Laurence JS, Berrie CL, Spencer P. Synthesis and evaluation of novel dental monomer with branched carboxyl acid group. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 102:1473-84. [PMID: 24596134 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the water miscibility and increase the mechanical properties of dentin adhesives, a new glycerol-based monomer with vinyl and carboxylic acid, 4-((1,3-bis(methacryloyloxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)-2-methylene-4-oxobutanoic acid (BMPMOB), was synthesized and characterized. Dentin adhesive formulations containing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy) phenyl]propane (BisGMA), and BMPMOB were characterized with regard to real-time photopolymerization behavior, water sorption, dynamic mechanical analysis, and microscale three-dimensional internal morphologies and compared with HEMA/BisGMA controls. The experimental adhesive copolymers showed higher glass transition temperature and rubbery moduli, as well as improved water miscibility compared to the controls. The enhanced properties of the adhesive copolymers indicated that BMPMOB is a promising comonomer for dental restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyong Song
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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Cobanoglu N, Ozturk B, Sengun A, Cetın AR, Ozer F. Effect of accelerated aging on the bonding performance of fluoridated adhesive resins. Dent Mater J 2014; 33:92-7. [PMID: 24492118 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2013-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the dentin bond durability of a one-step, fluoride-containing, glass ionomer-based adhesive system, Reactmer Bond (RB), and that of a two-step, fluoride-containing, self-etch adhesive system, Clearfil Protect Bond (CPB). Enamel was removed from the occlusal surfaces of teeth, and flat dentin surfaces were entirely covered with a composite resin following the application of an adhesive material (n=10). After specimens were sectioned into rectangular sticks of 0.87 ± 0.03 mm(2), the sticks were randomly assigned into two accelerated aging time period groups: 1 week or 1 year. Microtensile bond strengths were determined. Bond strength of RB increased significantly after 1 year (1 week=27.80 ± 10.57 MPa versus 1 year=36.93 ± 14.38 MPa) (p<0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference in bond strength between the two time periods for CPB (1 week=51.74 ± 17.8 MPa versus 1 year=56.03 ± 18.85 MPa) (p>0.05). Both fluoride-containing adhesives seemed to demonstrate reliable bonding performance after 1 year of accelerated aging in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Cobanoglu
- Depertmant of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University
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135
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Delaviz Y, Finer Y, Santerre JP. Biodegradation of resin composites and adhesives by oral bacteria and saliva: A rationale for new material designs that consider the clinical environment and treatment challenges. Dent Mater 2014; 30:16-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.08.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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136
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Mechanical and physical properties of silorane and methacrylate-based composites. J Dent 2013; 41:732-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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137
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Di Giulio M, di Giacomo V, Di Campli E, Di Bartolomeo S, Zara S, Pasquantonio G, Cataldi A, Cellini L. Saliva improves Streptococcus mitis protective effect on human gingival fibroblasts in presence of 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:1977-1983. [PMID: 23670604 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of saliva on Streptococcus mitis free cells and on S. mitis/human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) co-culture model, in presence of 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA). The bacterial aggregation both in the planktonic phase and on HGFs, as well as the apoptotic and necrotic eukaryotic cells amount were analyzed, in presence of saliva and/or HEMA. The aggregation test revealed a significant saliva aggregation effect on S. mitis strains compared to the untreated sample. No significant differences were recorded in the amount of culturable bacteria in all studied conditions; however, from microscopy images, the saliva/HEMA combining effect induced a significant bacterial aggregation and adhesion on HGFs. HEMA treatment decreased viable eukaryotic cell number with a parallel increment of necrotic cells, but when saliva was added to the co-culture, the viable cells percentage increased to a value comparable to the control sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, Chieti, Italy
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138
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Yamasaki LC, De Vito Moraes AG, Barros M, Lewis S, Francci C, Stansbury JW, Pfeifer CS. Polymerization development of "low-shrink" resin composites: Reaction kinetics, polymerization stress and quality of network. Dent Mater 2013; 29:e169-79. [PMID: 23849746 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate "low-shrink" composites in terms of polymerization kinetics, stress development and mechanical properties. METHODS "Low-shrink" materials (Kalore/KAL, N'Durance/NDUR, and Filtek P90/P90) and one control (Esthet X HD/EHD) were tested. Polymerization stress (PS) was measured using the Instron 5565 tensometer. Volumetric shrinkage (VS) was determined by the ACTA linometer. Elastic modulus (E) and flexural strength (FS) were obtained by a three-point bending test. Degree of conversion (DC) and polymerization rate (Rp) were determined by NIR spectroscopy (6165cm(-1) for dimethacrylates; 4156 and 4071cm(-1) for P90). Photopolymerization was performed at 740mW/cm(2)×27s. Glass transition temperature (Tg), degree of heterogeneity and crosslink density were obtained in a DMA for the fully cured specimens. Analysis of extracts was done by (1)H NMR. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA/Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS The control presented the highest shrinkage and Tg. P90 showed the highest modulus, and NDUR demonstrated the highest conversion. The polymerization rates were comparable for all materials. NDUR and KAL had the highest and the lowest network homogeneity, respectively. The multifunctional P90 had the highest crosslink density, with no difference between other composites. The control had the greatest stress development, similar to NDUR. Crosslinking density and polymer network homogeneity were influenced by degree of conversion and monomer structure. SIGNIFICANCE Not all "low-shrink" composites reduced polymerization stress. P90 and NDUR had no leachable monomers, which was also a function of high crosslinking (P90) and high conversion (NDUR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilyan C Yamasaki
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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139
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140
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About I. Dentin-pulp regeneration: the primordial role of the microenvironment and its modification by traumatic injuries and bioactive materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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141
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Lezaja M, Veljovic DN, Jokic BM, Cvijovic-Alagic I, Zrilic MM, Miletic V. Effect of hydroxyapatite spheres, whiskers, and nanoparticles on mechanical properties of a model BisGMA/TEGDMA composite initially and after storage. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 101:1469-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Lezaja
- School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Rankeova 4 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Djordje N. Veljovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy; University of Belgrade; Karnegijeva 4 11120 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Bojan M. Jokic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy; University of Belgrade; Karnegijeva 4 11120 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Ivana Cvijovic-Alagic
- Institute of Nuclear Science “Vinca”; University of Belgrade; P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Milorad M. Zrilic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy; University of Belgrade; Karnegijeva 4 11120 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Vesna Miletic
- School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Rankeova 4 11000 Belgrade Serbia
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Porto ICCDM, Almeida AGA. Avaliação em curto e médio prazo da sorção e da solubilidade de resinas compostas à base de metacrilato e de silorano em saliva artificial. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1807-25772013000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: A absorção/adsorção de moléculas de água por monômeros hidrofílicos dentro de materiais resinosos expostos à umidade da boca pode resultar em degradação. OBJETIVO: Este estudo avaliou sorção e solubilidade de resinas compostas à base de metacrilato e silorano em contato com saliva artificial, nos períodos de um dia (curto prazo), e 30 e 90 dias (médio prazo). MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Sessenta corpos de prova foram confeccionados com as resinas Filtek® Z250 e Filtek® P90 Silorano (3M/ESPE), e depois imersos em saliva artificial a 37 ± 1 ºC durante um, 30 e 90 dias. Os dados foram analisados usando-se ANOVA um fator/dois fatores seguido dos testes Tukey ou Tamhane (α = 0,05). RESULTADO: As médias de sorção das duas resinas aumentaram com o tempo (p = 0,001). A sorção de Z250 (1 e 90 d) foi significativamente maior do que de P90 (p = 0,008), com valores semelhantes após 30 dias. A solubilidade das resinas também aumentou com o tempo, com diferença significativa entre todos os períodos (p = 0,001), exceto para a resina P90 (entre 1 e 30 d). Não houve diferença estatística significante entre os grupos Z250 (1 d) e P90 (1 dia), Z250 (1 d) e P90 (30 d), e Z250 (30 d) e P90 (90 d). Para os demais pares, comprovaram-se diferenças significativas (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: As propriedades de sorção e solubilidade das resinas compostas testadas foram influenciadas pelo tempo de exposição à saliva artificial. O silorano teve desempenho ora melhor ora semelhante à resina de metacrilato.
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143
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Reis A, Carrilho M, Breschi L, Loguercio AD. Overview of Clinical Alternatives to Minimize the Degradation of the Resin-dentin Bonds. Oper Dent 2013; 38:E1-E25. [DOI: 10.2341/12-258-lit] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The incorporation of hydrophilic and acidic resin monomers substantially improved the initial bonding of contemporary etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) adhesives to intrinsically wet dental substrates, providing quite favorable immediate results, regardless of the bonding approach used. However, in the long term, the bonding effectiveness of most simplified ER and SE adhesives drop dramatically. This review examines the fundamental processes that are responsible for the aging mechanisms involved in the degradation of the resin-bonded interfaces and some possible clinical approaches that have been effective in minimizing or even preventing the degradation of the adhesive interfaces produced with simplified adhesives. The incorporation of some of the feasible approaches - described in this review - may improve the quality of the adhesive restorations performed in clinical practice, while manufacturers develop bonding materials that are less susceptible to the aging mechanisms present in the oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reis
- Alessandra Reis, DDS, PhD, adjunct professor, State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - M Carrilho
- Marcela Rocha Carrilho, DDS, PhD, professor, GEO/Bandeirante University of São Paulo and School of Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - L Breschi
- Lorenzo Breschi, DDS, PhD, professor, University of Trieste, Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, Trieste, Italy
| | - AD Loguercio
- Alessandro D. Loguercio, DDS, MS, PhD, adjunct professor, State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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144
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Attik GN, Pradelle-Plasse N, Campos D, Colon P, Grosgogeat B. Toxicity evaluation of two dental composites: three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy time-lapse imaging of cell behavior. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2013; 19:596-607. [PMID: 23635466 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro biocompatibility of two dental composites (namely A and B) with similar chemical composition used for direct restoration using three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) time-lapse imaging. Time-lapse imaging was performed on cultured human HGF-1 fibroblast-like cells after staining using Live/Dead®. Image analysis showed a higher mortality rate in the presence of composite A than composite B. The viability rate decreased in a time-dependent manner during the 5 h of exposure. Morphological alterations were associated with toxic effects; cells were enlarged and more rounded in the presence of composite A as shown by F-actin and cell nuclei staining. Resazurin assay was used to confirm the active potential of composites in cell metabolism; results showed severe cytotoxic effects in the presence of both no light-curing composites after 24 h of direct contact. However, extracts of polymerized composites induced a moderate decrease in cell metabolism after the same incubation period. Composite B was significantly better tolerated than composite A at all investigated end points and all time points. The finding confirmed that the used CLSM method was sufficiently sensitive to differentiate the biocompatibility behavior of two composites based on similar methacrylate monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghania Nina Attik
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France.
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145
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Krifka S, Spagnuolo G, Schmalz G, Schweikl H. A review of adaptive mechanisms in cell responses towards oxidative stress caused by dental resin monomers. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4555-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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146
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Bohaty BS, Ye Q, Misra A, Sene F, Spencer P. Posterior composite restoration update: focus on factors influencing form and function. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2013; 5:33-42. [PMID: 23750102 PMCID: PMC3666491 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s42044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoring posterior teeth with resin-based composite materials continues to gain popularity among
clinicians, and the demand for such aesthetic restorations is increasing. Indeed, the most common
aesthetic alternative to dental amalgam is resin composite. Moderate to large posterior composite
restorations, however, have higher failure rates, more recurrent caries, and increased frequency of
replacement. Investigators across the globe are researching new materials and techniques that will
improve the clinical performance, handling characteristics, and mechanical and physical properties
of composite resin restorative materials. Despite such attention, large to moderate posterior
composite restorations continue to have a clinical lifetime that is approximately one-half that of
the dental amalgam. While there are numerous recommendations regarding preparation design,
restoration placement, and polymerization technique, current research indicates that restoration
longevity depends on several variables that may be difficult for the dentist to control. These
variables include the patient’s caries risk, tooth position, patient habits, number of
restored surfaces, the quality of the tooth–restoration bond, and the ability of the
restorative material to produce a sealed tooth–restoration interface. Although clinicians
tend to focus on tooth form when evaluating the success and failure of posterior composite
restorations, the emphasis must remain on advancing our understanding of the clinical variables that
impact the formation of a durable seal at the restoration–tooth interface. This paper
presents an update of existing technology and underscores the mechanisms that negatively impact the
durability of posterior composite restorations in permanent teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda S Bohaty
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO, USA; ; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Ansteinsson V, Kopperud HB, Morisbak E, Samuelsen JT. Cell toxicity of methacrylate monomers-The role of glutathione adduct formation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3504-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Ansteinsson
- Department of Clinical Dentistry; University of Bergen; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Bergen Norway
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM); PO Box 3874 Ullevaal stadion N-0805 Oslo Norway
| | - H. B. Kopperud
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM); PO Box 3874 Ullevaal stadion N-0805 Oslo Norway
| | - E. Morisbak
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM); PO Box 3874 Ullevaal stadion N-0805 Oslo Norway
| | - J. T. Samuelsen
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM); PO Box 3874 Ullevaal stadion N-0805 Oslo Norway
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148
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Tadin A, Galic N, Zeljezic D, Mikelic Vitasovic B, Marovic D, Kovacic I. Ex vivo evaluation of genotoxic effects of four dental adhesives on human leukocytes. J Dent Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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149
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Guarda GB, Correr AB, Gonçalves LS, Costa AR, Borges GA, Sinhoreti MAC, Correr-Sobrinho L. Effects of Surface Treatments, Thermocycling, and Cyclic Loading on the Bond Strength of a Resin Cement Bonded to a Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic. Oper Dent 2013; 38:208-17. [DOI: 10.2341/11-076-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives
The aim of this present study was to investigate the effect of two surface treatments, fatigue and thermocycling, on the microtensile bond strength of a newly introduced lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) and a dual-cured resin cement.
Methods
A total of 18 ceramic blocks (10 mm long × 7 mm wide × 3.0 mm thick) were fabricated and divided into six groups (n=3): groups 1, 2, and 3—air particle abraded for five seconds with 50-μm aluminum oxide particles; groups 4, 5, and 6—acid etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 20 seconds. A silane coupling agent was applied onto all specimens and allowed to dry for five seconds, and the ceramic blocks were bonded to a block of composite Tetric N-Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent) with RelyX ARC (3M ESPE) resin cement and placed under a 500-g static load for two minutes. The cement excess was removed with a disposable microbrush, and four periods of light activation for 40 seconds each were performed at right angles using an LED curing unit (UltraLume LED 5, Ultradent) with a final 40 second light exposure from the top surface. All of the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Groups 2 and 5 were submitted to 3,000 thermal cycles between 5°C and 55°C, and groups 3 and 6 were submitted to a fatigue test of 100,000 cycles at 2 Hz. Specimens were sectioned perpendicular to the bonding area to obtain beams with a cross-sectional area of 1 mm2 (30 beams per group) and submitted to a microtensile bond strength test in a testing machine (EZ Test) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test (p≤0.05).
Results
The microtensile bond strength values (MPa) were 26.9 ± 6.9, 22.2 ± 7.8, and 21.2 ± 9.1 for groups 1–3 and 35.0 ± 9.6, 24.3 ± 8.9, and 23.9 ± 6.3 for groups 4–6. For the control group, fatigue testing and thermocycling produced a predominance of adhesive failures. Fatigue and thermocycling significantly decreased the microtensile bond strength for both ceramic surface treatments when compared with the control groups. Etching with 10% hydrofluoric acid significantly increased the microtensile bond strength for the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- GB Guarda
- Guilherme Bottene Guarda, DDS, MDS, PhD student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - AB Correr
- Américo Bortolazzo Correr, DDS, MDS, PhD, professor
| | - LS Gonçalves
- Luciano Sousa Gonçalves, MDS, DDS, PhD, professor
| | - AR Costa
- Ana Rosa Costa, DDS, MDS, PhD student
| | - GA Borges
- Gilberto Antonio Borges, DDS, MDS, PhD, professor
| | - MAC Sinhoreti
- Mário Alexandre C Sinhoreti, DDS, MDS, PhD, professor
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The role of dentin moisture in the degradation of resin-dentin interfaces under clinical and laboratory conditions. J Am Dent Assoc 2012; 143:e29-36. [PMID: 22751987 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2012.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors conducted a study to evaluate the influence of dentin moisture on the degradation of the resin-dentin interface in primary teeth under clinical and laboratory conditions. METHODS The authors prepared 40 Class I restorations (five teeth per group) by using a cylindrical diamond bur, leaving a flat dentin surface on the pulpal floor. They vigorously rubbed two coats of a simplified etch-and-rinse adhesive on either dry or wet demineralized dentin under clinical or laboratory conditions. After performing restorative procedures, the authors extracted teeth prepared under clinical conditions after 20 minutes (immediately) or the teeth exfoliated after six months. The authors also tested the teeth prepared under laboratory conditions immediately or after six months of being stored in water. They sectioned the teeth to obtain resin-dentin bonded specimens for microtensile testing and for silver nitrate uptake (SNU) under scanning electron microscopy. They performed a three-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (α = .05) on the SNU bond strength data. RESULTS Statistically higher bond strength values (megapascals [standard deviation]) were observed when bonding was performed under laboratory conditions (clinical = 25.2 [3.6] MPa versus laboratory = 28.5 [4.4] MPa; P < .05). Degradation occurred only in the wet dentin groups under both experimental conditions (immediately = 31.3 [4.5] MPa versus after six months = 21.3 [2.1] MPa; P < .05). SNU occurred in all groups and was statistically higher after six months of clinical function or water storage (immediately = 13.9 [4.9 SD] percent versus after six months = 34.1 [4.5 SD] percent; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The bonding of adhesives to dry demineralized dentin produces adhesive interfaces that are more resistant to degradation regardless of the bonding condition. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Resin-dentin bond strengths produced under laboratory conditions in primary teeth may be higher than those obtained under clinical circumstances, although both conditions (clinical and laboratory) seemed to yield similar results. Bonding to dry demineralized primary tooth dentin produced resin-dentin interfaces that were more resistant to degradation.
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