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Cavallo A, Al Kayal T, Soldani G, Losi P, Tedeschi L. Riboflavin based setup as an alternative method for a preliminary screening of face mask filtration efficiency. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8830. [PMID: 38632265 PMCID: PMC11024099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Face masks are essential in reducing the transmission of respiratory infections and bacterial filtration efficiency, a key parameter of mask performances, requires the use of Staphylococcus aureus and specialised staff. This study aims to develop a novel method for a preliminary screening of masks or materials filtration efficiency by a green, easy and rapid setup based on the use of a riboflavin solution, a safe autofluorescent biomolecule. The proposed setup is composed of a commercial aerosol generator commonly used for aerosol therapy, custom 3D printed aerosol chamber and sample holder, a filter for downstream riboflavin detection and a vacuum pump. The filtration efficiency of four different masks was assessed using the riboflavin-based setup and the bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE). The averaged filtration efficiency values, measured with both methods, were similar but were higher for the riboflavin-based setup (about 2% for all tested samples) than bacterial filtration efficiency. Considering the good correlation, the riboflavin-based setup can be considered validated as an alternative method to bacterial filtration efficiency for masks and related materials fabrics filtration efficiency screening but This study aims to develop a novel method for a preliminary screening of masks or materials filtration efficiency by a green, easy and rapid setup based on the use of a riboflavin solution, a safe autofluorescent biomolecule, but not to replace regulation approaches. The proposed setup can be easily implemented at low price, is more rapid and eco-friendly and can be performed in chemical-physical laboratories without the needing of biosafety laboratory and specialised operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Cavallo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tamer Al Kayal
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Soldani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Losi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lorena Tedeschi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
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Ferrari IV, Giuntoli G, Pisani A, Cavallo A, Mazzetti P, Fonnesu R, Rosellini A, Pistello M, Al Kayal T, Cataldo A, Montanari R, Varone A, Castellino M, Antonaroli S, Soldani G, Losi P. One-step silver coating of polypropylene surgical mask with antibacterial and antiviral properties. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23196. [PMID: 38163242 PMCID: PMC10754878 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Face masks can filter droplets containing viruses and bacteria minimizing the transmission and spread of respiratory pathogens but are also an indirect source of microbes transmission. A novel antibacterial and antiviral Ag-coated polypropylene surgical mask obtained through the in situ and one-step deposition of metallic silver nanoparticles, synthesized by silver mirror reaction combined with sonication or agitation methods, is proposed in this study. SEM analysis shows Ag nanoparticles fused together in a continuous and dense layer for the coating obtained by sonication, whereas individual Ag nanoparticles around 150 nm were obtained combining the silver mirror reaction with agitation. EDX, XRD and XPS confirm the presence of metallic Ag in both coatings and also oxidized Ag in samples by agitation. A higher amount of Ag nanoparticles is deposited on samples by sonication, as calculated by TGA. Further, both coatings are biocompatible and show antibacterial properties: coating by sonication caused 24 % and 40 % of bacterial reduction while coating by agitation 48 % and 96 % against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. At 1 min of contact with SARS-CoV-2, the coating by agitation has an antiviral capacity of 75 % against 24 % of the one by sonication. At 1 h, both coatings achieve 100 % of viral inhibition. Nonetheless, larger samples could be produced only through the silver mirror reaction combined with agitation, preserving the integrity of the mask. In conclusion, the silver-coated mask produced by silver mirror reaction combined with agitation is scalable, has excellent physico-chemical characteristics as well as significant biological properties, with higher antimicrobial activities, providing additional protection and preventing the indirect transmission of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Vito Ferrari
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, 54100, Italy
| | - Giulia Giuntoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, 54100, Italy
| | - Anissa Pisani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, 54100, Italy
| | - Aida Cavallo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, 54100, Italy
| | - Paola Mazzetti
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy and Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Rossella Fonnesu
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy and Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Alfredo Rosellini
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy and Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy and Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Tamer Al Kayal
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, 54100, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Montanari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Alessandra Varone
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Micaela Castellino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Simonetta Antonaroli
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Giorgio Soldani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, 54100, Italy
| | - Paola Losi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, 54100, Italy
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Cavallo A, Al Kayal T, Mero A, Mezzetta A, Guazzelli L, Soldani G, Losi P. Fibrinogen-Based Bioink for Application in Skin Equivalent 3D Bioprinting. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:459. [PMID: 37754873 PMCID: PMC10532308 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional bioprinting has emerged as an attractive technology due to its ability to mimic native tissue architecture using different cell types and biomaterials. Nowadays, cell-laden bioink development or skin tissue equivalents are still at an early stage. The aim of the study is to propose a bioink to be used in skin bioprinting based on a blend of fibrinogen and alginate to form a hydrogel by enzymatic polymerization with thrombin and by ionic crosslinking with divalent calcium ions. The biomaterial ink formulation, composed of 30 mg/mL of fibrinogen, 6% of alginate, and 25 mM of CaCl2, was characterized in terms of homogeneity, rheological properties, printability, mechanical properties, degradation rate, water uptake, and biocompatibility by the indirect method using L929 mouse fibroblasts. The proposed bioink is a homogeneous blend with a shear thinning behavior, excellent printability, adequate mechanical stiffness, porosity, biodegradability, and water uptake, and it is in vitro biocompatible. The fibrinogen-based bioink was used for the 3D bioprinting of the dermal layer of the skin equivalent. Three different normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) densities were tested, and better results in terms of viability, spreading, and proliferation were obtained with 4 × 106 cell/mL. The skin equivalent was bioprinted, adding human keratinocytes (HaCaT) through bioprinting on the top surface of the dermal layer. A skin equivalent stained by live/dead and histological analysis immediately after printing and at days 7 and 14 of culture showed a tissuelike structure with two distinct layers characterized by the presence of viable and proliferating cells. This bioprinted skin equivalent showed a similar native skin architecture, paving the way for its use as a skin substitute for wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Cavallo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Tamer Al Kayal
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Angelica Mero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Soldani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Paola Losi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 54100 Massa, Italy
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Al Kayal T, Giuntoli G, Cavallo A, Pisani A, Mazzetti P, Fonnesu R, Rosellini A, Pistello M, D’Acunto M, Soldani G, Losi P. Incorporation of Copper Nanoparticles on Electrospun Polyurethane Membrane Fibers by a Spray Method. Molecules 2023; 28:5981. [PMID: 37630233 PMCID: PMC10458218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning is an easy and versatile technique to obtain nanofibrous membranes with nanosized fibers, high porosity, and pore interconnectivity. Metal nanoparticles (e.g., Ag, Cu, ZnO) exhibit excellent biocide properties due to their size, shape, release of metal ions, or reactive oxygen species production, and thus are often used as antimicrobial agents. In this study, a combined electrospinning/spray technique was employed to fabricate electrospun polyurethane membranes loaded with copper nanoparticles at different surface densities (10, 20, 25, or 30 μg/cm2). This method allows particle deposition onto the surface of the membranes without the use of chemical agents. SEM images showed that polyurethane fibers own homogeneous thickness (around 650 nm), and that spray-deposited copper nanoparticles are evenly distributed. STEM-EDX demonstrated that copper nanoparticles are deposited onto the surface of the fibers and are not covered by polyurethane. Moreover, a uniaxial rupture test showed that particles are firmly anchored to the electrospun fibers. Antibacterial tests against model microorganisms Escherichia coli indicated that the prepared electrospun membranes possess good bactericidal effect. Finally, the antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 was about 90% after 1 h of direct contact. The obtained results suggested that the electrospun membranes possess antimicrobial activities and can be used in medical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Al Kayal
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 54100 Massa, Italy; (G.G.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (G.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Giulia Giuntoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 54100 Massa, Italy; (G.G.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (G.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Aida Cavallo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 54100 Massa, Italy; (G.G.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (G.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Anissa Pisani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 54100 Massa, Italy; (G.G.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (G.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Paola Mazzetti
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.M.); (R.F.); (A.R.); (M.P.)
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Fonnesu
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.M.); (R.F.); (A.R.); (M.P.)
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Rosellini
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.M.); (R.F.); (A.R.); (M.P.)
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.M.); (R.F.); (A.R.); (M.P.)
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario D’Acunto
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Soldani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 54100 Massa, Italy; (G.G.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (G.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Paola Losi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 54100 Massa, Italy; (G.G.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (G.S.); (P.L.)
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Cavallo A, Al Kayal T, Mero A, Mezzetta A, Pisani A, Foffa I, Vecoli C, Buscemi M, Guazzelli L, Soldani G, Losi P. Marine Collagen-Based Bioink for 3D Bioprinting of a Bilayered Skin Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051331. [PMID: 37242573 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms (i.e., fish, jellyfish, sponges or seaweeds) represent an abundant and eco-friendly source of collagen. Marine collagen, compared to mammalian collagen, can be easily extracted, is water-soluble, avoids transmissible diseases and owns anti-microbial activities. Recent studies have reported marine collagen as a suitable biomaterial for skin tissue regeneration. The aim of this work was to investigate, for the first time, marine collagen from basa fish skin for the development of a bioink for extrusion 3D bioprinting of a bilayered skin model. The bioinks were obtained by mixing semi-crosslinked alginate with 10 and 20 mg/mL of collagen. The bioinks were characterised by evaluating the printability in terms of homogeneity, spreading ratio, shape fidelity and rheological properties. Morphology, degradation rate, swelling properties and antibacterial activity were also evaluated. The alginate-based bioink containing 20 mg/mL of marine collagen was selected for 3D bioprinting of skin-like constructs with human fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The bioprinted constructs showed a homogeneous distribution of viable and proliferating cells at days 1, 7 and 14 of culture evaluated by qualitative (live/dead) and qualitative (XTT) assays, and histological (H&E) and gene expression analysis. In conclusion, marine collagen can be successfully used to formulate a bioink for 3D bioprinting. In particular, the obtained bioink can be printed in 3D structures and is able to support fibroblasts and keratinocytes viability and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Cavallo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 54100 Massa, Italy
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tamer Al Kayal
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Angelica Mero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anissa Pisani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Ilenia Foffa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Vecoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paola Losi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 54100 Massa, Italy
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Al Kayal T, Losi P, Asaro M, Volpi S, Bonani W, Bonini M, Soldani G. Analysis of oxidative degradation and calcification behavior of a silicone polycarbonate polyurethane‐polydimethylsiloxane material. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1109-1120. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Al Kayal
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council Massa Italy
| | - Paola Losi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council Massa Italy
| | - Marianna Asaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council Massa Italy
| | - Silvia Volpi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council Massa Italy
| | - Walter Bonani
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Massimo Bonini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Giorgio Soldani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council Massa Italy
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Foffa I, Losi P, Quaranta P, Cara A, Al Kayal T, D'Acunto M, Presciuttini G, Pistello M, Soldani G. A Copper nanoparticles-based polymeric spray coating: Nanoshield against Sars-Cov-2. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000221076326. [PMID: 35611488 DOI: 10.1177/22808000221076326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Face masks are an effective protection tool to prevent bacterial and viral transmission. However, commercial face masks contain filters made of materials that are not capable of inactivating either SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, we report the development of an antiviral coating of polyurethane and Copper nanoparticles on a face mask filter fabricated with a spray technology that is capable of inactivating more than 99% of SARS-CoV-2 particles in 30 min of contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Foffa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
| | - Paola Losi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
| | - Paola Quaranta
- Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Cara
- Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tamer Al Kayal
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
| | - Mario D'Acunto
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Pistello
- Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Soldani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
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Soldani G, Murzi M, Faita F, Di Lascio N, Al Kayal T, Spanò R, Canciani B, Losi P. In vivo evaluation of an elastomeric small‐diameter vascular graft reinforced with a highly flexible Nitinol mesh. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:951-964. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Soldani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Graft TechnologyIstituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR Massa 54100 Italy
| | - Michele Murzi
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio (FTGM) Massa 54100 Italy
| | - Francesco Faita
- Laboratory for Experimental UltrasoundIstituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR Pisa 56127 Italy
| | - Nicole Di Lascio
- Laboratory for Experimental UltrasoundIstituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR Pisa 56127 Italy
- Institute of Life SciencesScuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa 56127 Italy
| | - Tamer Al Kayal
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Graft TechnologyIstituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR Massa 54100 Italy
| | - Raffaele Spanò
- Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineDIMES, University of Genoa Genoa 16132 Italy
| | - Barbara Canciani
- Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineDIMES, University of Genoa Genoa 16132 Italy
| | - Paola Losi
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Graft TechnologyIstituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR Massa 54100 Italy
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Losi P, Mancuso L, Al Kayal T, Celi S, Briganti E, Gualerzi A, Volpi S, Cao G, Soldani G. Development of a gelatin-based polyurethane vascular graft by spray, phase-inversion technology. Biomed Mater 2015; 10:045014. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/4/045014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Barsotti MC, Al Kayal T, Tedeschi L, Dinucci D, Losi P, Sbrana S, Briganti E, Giorgi R, Chiellini F, Di Stefano R, Soldani G. Oligonucleotide biofunctionalization enhances endothelial progenitor cell adhesion on cobalt/chromium stents. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3284-92. [PMID: 25809157 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As the endothelium still represents the ideal surface for cardiovascular devices, different endothelialization strategies have been attempted for biocompatibility and nonthrombogenicity enhancement. Since endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) could accelerate endothelialization, preventing thrombosis and restenosis, the aim of this study was to use oligonucleotides (ONs) to biofunctionalize stents for EPC binding. In order to optimize the functionalization procedure before its application to cobalt-chromium (Co/Cr) stents, discs of the same material were preliminarily used. Surface aminosilanization was assessed by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A fluorescent endothelial-specific ON was immobilized on aminosilanized surfaces and its presence was visualized by confocal microscopy. Fluorescent ON binding to porcine blood EPCs was assessed by flow cytometry. Viability assay was performed on EPCs cultured on unmodified, nontargeting ON or specific ON-coated discs; fluorescent staining of nuclei and F-actin was then performed on EPCs cultured on unmodified or specific ON-coated discs and stents. Disc biofunctionalization significantly increased EPC viability as compared to both unmodified and nontargeting ON-coated surfaces; cell adhesion was also significantly increased. Stents were successfully functionalized with the specific ON, and EPC binding was confirmed by confocal microscopy. In conclusion, stent biofunctionalization for EPC binding was successfully achieved in vitro, suggesting its use to obtain in vivo endothelialization, exploiting the natural regenerative potential of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamer Al Kayal
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, 54100, Italy
| | - Lorena Tedeschi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, 54100, Italy
| | - Dinuccio Dinucci
- BioLab-UdR-INSTM, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Paola Losi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, 54100, Italy
| | - Silverio Sbrana
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, 54100, Italy
| | - Enrica Briganti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, 54100, Italy
| | - Rodorico Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), 50019, Italy
| | - Federica Chiellini
- BioLab-UdR-INSTM, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Stefano
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Giorgio Soldani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, 54100, Italy
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Al Kayal T, Panetta D, Canciani B, Losi P, Tripodi M, Burchielli S, Ottoni P, Salvadori PA, Soldani G. Evaluation of the effect of a gamma irradiated DBM-pluronic F127 composite on bone regeneration in Wistar rat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125110. [PMID: 25897753 PMCID: PMC4405568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is widely used for bone regeneration. Since DBM is prepared in powder form its handling properties are not optimal and limit the clinical use of this material. Various synthetic and biological carriers have been used to enhance the DBM handling. In this study we evaluated the effect of gamma irradiation on the physical-chemical properties of Pluronic and on bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) amount in DBM samples. In vivo studies were carried out to investigate the effect on bone regeneration of a gamma irradiated DBM-Pluronic F127 (DBM-PF127) composite implanted in the femur of rats. Gamma irradiation effects (25 kGy) on physical-chemical properties of Pluronic F127 were investigated by rheological and infrared analysis. The BMP-2/BMP-7 amount after DBM irradiation was evaluated by ELISA. Bone regeneration capacity of DBM-PF127 containing 40% (w/w) of DBM was investigated in transcortical holes created in the femoral diaphysis of Wistar rat. Bone porosity, repaired bone volume and tissue organization were evaluated at 15, 30 and 90 days by Micro-CT and histological analysis. The results showed that gamma irradiation did not induce significant modification on physical-chemical properties of Pluronic, while a decrease in BMP-2/BMP-7 amount was evidenced in sterilized DBM. Micro-CT and histological evaluation at day 15 post-implantation revealed an interconnected trabeculae network in medullar cavity and cellular infiltration and vascularization of DBM-PF127 residue. In contrast a large rate of not connected trabeculae was observed in Pluronic filled and unfilled defects. At 30 and 90 days the DBM-PF127 samples shown comparable results in term of density and thickness of the new formed tissue respect to unfilled defect. In conclusion a gamma irradiated DBM-PF127 composite, although it may have undergone a significant decrease in the concentration of BMPs, was able to maintains bone regeneration capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Al Kayal
- Institute of Clinical Physiology- CNR, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Barbara Canciani
- University & IRCCS AOU San Martino—IST, National Institute for Cancer Research, DIMES, Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Losi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology- CNR, Pisa, Italy
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Del Buffa S, Bonini M, Ridi F, Severi M, Losi P, Volpi S, Al Kayal T, Soldani G, Baglioni P. Design and characterization of a composite material based on Sr(II)-loaded clay nanotubes included within a biopolymer matrix. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 448:501-7. [PMID: 25778738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on the preparation, characterization, and cytotoxicity of a hybrid nanocomposite material made of Sr(II)-loaded Halloysite nanotubes included within a biopolymer (3-polyhydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) matrix. The Sr(II)-loaded inorganic scaffold is intended to provide mechanical resistance, multi-scale porosity, and to favor the in-situ regeneration of bone tissue thanks to its biocompatibility and bioactivity. The interaction of the hybrid system with the physiological environment is mediated by the biopolymer coating, which acts as a binder, as well as a diffusional barrier to the Sr(II) release. The degradation of the polymer progressively leads to the exposure of the Sr(II)-loaded Halloysite scaffold, tuning its interaction with osteogenic cells. The in vitro biocompatibility of the composite was demonstrated by cytotoxicity tests on L929 fibroblast cells. The results indicate that this composite material could be of interest for multiple strategies in the field of bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Del Buffa
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; CSGI Consortium, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; CSGI Consortium, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Ridi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; CSGI Consortium, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Losi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Silvia Volpi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Tamer Al Kayal
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Soldani
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; CSGI Consortium, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
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Al Kayal T, Maniglio D, Bonani W, Losi P, Migliaresi C, Soldani G. A combined method for bilayered vascular graft fabrication. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2015; 26:96. [PMID: 25652773 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Autologous saphenous vein is still the conduit of choice for peripheral by-pass. Synthetic vascular grafts in polyethylene terephthalate and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene are used if vein access cannot be obtained. However they are successfully used to replace large diameter vessels, but they fail in small diameters (<6 mm). In the present study a bilayered synthetic vascular graft was developed. The graft was composed of an inner nanofibrous layer obtained by electrospinning able to host endothelial cells and a highly porous external layer obtained by spray, phase-inversion technique capable to sustain tunica media regeneration. Graft morphology and thickness, fiber size, pore size and layer adhesion strength were assessed. The innovative combination of two different consolidated techniques allowed to manufacture a nanostructured composite graft featuring a homogeneous microporous layer firmly attached on the top of the electrospun layer. By tuning the mechanical properties and the porosity of vascular prostheses, it will be possible to optimize the graft for in situ tissue regeneration while preventing blood leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Al Kayal
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100, Massa, Italy,
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Losi P, Briganti E, Sanguinetti E, Burchielli S, Al Kayal T, Soldani G. Healing effect of a fibrin-based scaffold loaded with platelet lysate in full-thickness skin wounds. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911514568436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic skin lesions are difficult to heal due to reduced levels and activity of endogenous growth factors. The platelet lysate, obtained by repeated freeze–thawing of platelet-enriched blood samples, is an easily attainable source of a wide range of growth factors and bioactive mediators involved in tissue repair. In this study, a bio-synthetic scaffold composed of poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane material and fibrin was developed for platelet lysate delivery to chronic skin wounds. The kinetics release and the bioactivity of growth factors released from platelet lysate–loaded poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane–fibrin scaffold were investigated, respectively, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a cell proliferation test using human fibroblasts. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the platelet lysate–loaded poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane–fibrin scaffold provides a sustained release of platelet derived growth factors. The cell growth in the presence of scaffold was comparable to those observed for the platelet lysate added to culture medium in free form, showing that the scaffold preparation process did not affect biological activity of growth factors. The effect of platelet lysate–loaded poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane–fibrin scaffold on wound healing in genetically diabetic mouse (db/db) was also investigated. The application of the scaffold on full-thickness skin wounds significantly accelerated wound closure at day 15 post-surgery compared with control poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane–fibrin scaffold (without platelet lysate) or a commercially available polyurethane film dressing. Histological analysis demonstrated an increased re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and collagen deposition. The ability of the platelet lysate–loaded poly(ether)urethane–polydimethylsiloxane–fibrin scaffold to promote wound healing in vivo through simultaneous delivery of multiple active substances suggests its potential use for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Losi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
| | - Enrica Briganti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
| | - Elena Sanguinetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
| | | | - Tamer Al Kayal
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Soldani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
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15
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Chiara Barsotti M, Losi P, Briganti E, Sanguinetti E, Magera A, Al Kayal T, Feriani R, Di Stefano R, Soldani G. Effect of platelet lysate on human cells involved in different phases of wound healing. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84753. [PMID: 24386412 PMCID: PMC3873992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelets are rich in mediators able to positively affect cell activity in wound healing. Aim of this study was to characterize the effect of different concentrations of human pooled allogeneic platelet lysate on human cells involved in the different phases of wound healing (inflammatory phase, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix secretion and epithelialization). Methodology/Principal Findings Platelet lysate effect was studied on endothelial cells, monocytes, fibroblasts and keratinocytes, in terms of viability and proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, tissue repair pathway activation (ERK1/2) and inflammatory response evaluation (NFκB). Results were compared both with basal medium and with a positive control containing serum and growth factors. Platelet lysate induced viability and proliferation at the highest concentrations tested (10% and 20% v/v). Whereas both platelet lysate concentrations increased cell migration, only 20% platelet lysate was able to significantly promote angiogenic activity (p<0.05 vs. control), comparably to the positive control. Both platelet lysate concentrations activated important inflammatory pathways such as ERK1/2 and NFκB with the same early kinetics, whereas the effect was different for later time-points. Conclusion/Significance These data suggest the possibility of using allogeneic platelet lysate as both an alternative to growth factors commonly used for cell culture and as a tool for clinical regenerative application for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Barsotti
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Paola Losi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
| | - Enrica Briganti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
| | - Elena Sanguinetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
| | | | - Tamer Al Kayal
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
| | - Roberto Feriani
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Stefano
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Soldani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Massa, Italy
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Briganti E, Al Kayal T, Kull S, Losi P, Spiller D, Tonlorenzi S, Berti D, Soldani G. The effect of gamma irradiation on physical-mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of polyurethane-polydimethylsiloxane microfibrillar vascular grafts. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2010; 21:1311-1319. [PMID: 20091101 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ether) urethane (PEtU)-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based materials have been processed by a spray, phase-inversion technique to produce microfibrillar small-diameter vascular grafts; however the effect of sterilization upon these grafts is still unknown. This study investigated the effect of gamma irradiation on grafts made of PEtU-PDMS materials containing different PDMS concentrations. Sterilisation-induced changes in surface chemical structure and morphology were assessed by infrared spectroscopy, light and scanning electron microscopy. Tensile tests were used to examine changes in mechanical properties and the cytotoxicity evaluation was performed on L929 fibroblasts. The study demonstrated that physical-chemical and mechanical properties of PEtU-PDMS grafts, at each PDMS concentration, were not significantly affected by the exposure to gamma irradiation, moreover no sign of cytotoxicity was observed after sterilisation. Although in vitro experiments have been promising, further in vivo studies are necessary to evaluate the biodegradation behaviour of PEtU-PDMS graft after gamma irradiation, before any clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Briganti
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology-CNR, G. Pasquinucci Hospital, Massa, Italy.
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