101
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Ramonet D, Dietz GPH. Novel Cell-Based Assay for Identification of LRRK2 Inhibitors Using Its Aberrant Regulation of a Pluripotency Gene. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 25:104-112. [PMID: 31373835 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219864086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), such as the G2019S mutation, are the most common cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD). The G2019S mutation impairs neurite outgrowth. We hypothesized that those effects could be related to an altered expression of pluripotency genes, which may provide a readout for a screening assay based on LRRK2 function. Here, we show that the G2019S mutation mediates a sustained aberrant upregulation of the transcription factors Nanog and Oct4 that in wild-type are downregulated after differentiation. The aberrant regulation of Nanog can be concentration dependently reversed by LRRK2 tool inhibitors. Building on this knowledge, we developed an assay for the identification and assessment of compounds that inhibit the aberrant pathophysiological activity of mutant LRRK2. Furthermore, the aberrant neural pluripotency is consistent with Parkinson's pathophysiology and with the epidemiological association between the G2019S genotype and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ramonet
- Department Neurodegeneration, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
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102
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Kondeva-Burdina M, Voynova M, Shkondrov A, Aluani D, Tzankova V, Krasteva I. Effects of Amanita muscaria extract on different in vitro neurotoxicity models at sub-cellular and cellular levels. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110687. [PMID: 31325463 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Muscimol is the main compound found in Amanita muscaria. Several studies have proven that muscimol has suppressive effects on essential tremor, without impairing speech and coordination. The effects of muscimol in Parkinson-affected patients is also described in a number of studies. These studies describe the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of the mushroom extract. We have evaluated the possible neuroprotective effects of a standardized extract from A. muscaria, containing high amounts of muscimol, on different models of neurotoxicity in rat brain microsomes, mitochondria, synaptosomes as well as on neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. The possible inhibitory effect on human recombinant monoaminoxidase-B (hMAOB) enzyme was also studied. The extract revealed statistically significant neuroprotective effects on the in vitro neurotoxicity models and no inhibitory activity on hMAOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Maria Voynova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aleksandar Shkondrov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Aluani
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Virginia Tzankova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ilina Krasteva
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
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103
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Glaab E, Antony P, Köglsberger S, Forster JI, Cordero-Maldonado ML, Crawford A, Garcia P, Buttini M. Transcriptome profiling data reveals ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9 knockdown effects. Data Brief 2019; 25:104130. [PMID: 31294067 PMCID: PMC6595415 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific peptidase 9 (USP9) is a deubiquitinase encoded by a sex-linked gene with a Y-chromosomal form (USP9Y) and an X-chromosomal form (USP9X) that escapes X-inactivation. Since USP9 is a key regulatory gene with sex-linked expression in the human brain, the gene may be of interest for researchers studying molecular gender differences and ubiquitin signaling in the brain. To assess the downstream effects of knocking down USP9X and USP9Y on a transcriptome-wide scale, we have conducted microarray profiling experiments using the human DU145 prostate cancer cell culture model, after confirming the robust expression of both USP9X and USP9Y in this model. By designing shRNA constructs for the specific knockdown of USP9X and the joint knockdown of USP9X and USP9Y, we have compared gene expression changes in both knockdowns to control conditions to infer potential shared and X- or Y-form specific alterations. Here, we provide details of the corresponding microarray profiling data, which has been deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO series accession number GSE79376). A biological interpretation of the data in the context of a potential involvement of USP9 in Alzheimer's disease has previously been presented in Köglsberger et al. (2016). To facilitate the re-use and re-analysis of the data for other applications, e.g. the study of ubiquitin signaling and protein turnover control, and the regulation of molecular gender differences in the human brain and brain-related disorders, we provide a more in-depth discussion of the data properties, specifications and possible use cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sandra Köglsberger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Julia Ilona Forster
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Maria Lorena Cordero-Maldonado
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Crawford
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pierre Garcia
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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104
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Verschuuren M, Verstraelen P, García-Díaz Barriga G, Cilissen I, Coninx E, Verslegers M, Larsen PH, Nuydens R, De Vos WH. High-throughput microscopy exposes a pharmacological window in which dual leucine zipper kinase inhibition preserves neuronal network connectivity. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:93. [PMID: 31164177 PMCID: PMC6549294 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic developments for neurodegenerative disorders are redirecting their focus to the mechanisms that contribute to neuronal connectivity and the loss thereof. Using a high-throughput microscopy pipeline that integrates morphological and functional measurements, we found that inhibition of dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) increased neuronal connectivity in primary cortical cultures. This neuroprotective effect was not only observed in basal conditions but also in cultures depleted from antioxidants and in cultures in which microtubule stability was genetically perturbed. Based on the morphofunctional connectivity signature, we further showed that the effects were limited to a specific dose and time range. Thus, our results illustrate that profiling microscopy images with deep coverage enables sensitive interrogation of neuronal connectivity and allows exposing a pharmacological window for targeted treatments. In doing so, we revealed a broad-spectrum neuroprotective effect of DLK inhibition, which may have relevance to pathological conditions that ar.e associated with compromised neuronal connectivity.
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105
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Nafian F, Rasaee MJ, Yazdani S, Daftarian N, Soheili ZS, Kamali Doust Azad B. Peptide selected by phage display increases survival of SH-SY5Y neurons comparable to brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:7612-7622. [PMID: 30387183 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a well-known neuroprotectant and a potent therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative diseases. However, there are several clinical concerns about its therapeutic applications. In the current study, we designed and developed BDNF-mimicking small peptides as an alternative to circumvent these problems. A phage-displayed peptide library was screened using BDNF receptor (neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type2 [NTRK2]) and evaluated by ELISA. The peptide sequences showed similarity to loop2 of BDNF, they were recognized as discontinuous epitopes though. Interestingly, in silico molecular docking showed strong interactions between the peptide three-dimensional models and the surface residues of the NTRK2 protein at the IgC2 domain. A consensus peptide sequence was then synthesized to generate a mimetic construct (named as RNYK). The affinity binding and function of this construct was confirmed by testing against the native structure of NTRK2 in SH-SY5Y cells in vitro using flow-cytometry and MTT assays, respectively. RNYK at 5 ng/mL prevented neuronal degeneration of all- trans-retinoic acid-treated SH-SY5Y with equal efficacy to or even better than BDNF at 50 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nafian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Rasaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Yazdani
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narsis Daftarian
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Soheila Soheili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Kamali Doust Azad
- Department of Electronics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
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106
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A rapid, safe, and quantitative in vitro assay for measurement of uracil-DNA glycosylase activity. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:991-1001. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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107
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A Bioluminescence Reporter Assay for Retinoic Acid Control of Translation of the GluR1 Subunit of the AMPA Glutamate Receptor. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7074-7084. [PMID: 30972628 PMCID: PMC6728294 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) regulates numerous aspects of central nervous system function through modulation of gene transcription via retinoic acid receptors (RARs). However, RA has important roles independent of gene transcription (non-genomic actions) and in the brain a crucial regulator of homeostatic plasticity is RAR control of glutamate receptor subunit 1 (GluR1) translation. An assay to quantify RAR regulation of GluR1 translation would be beneficial both to study the molecular components regulating this system and screen drugs that influence this critical mechanism for learning and memory in the brain. A bioluminescence reporter assay was developed that expresses firefly luciferase under the control of the GluR1 5' untranslated region bound by RAR. This assay was introduced into SH-SY5Y cells and used to demonstrate the role of RARα in RA regulation of GluR1 translation. A screen of synthetic RAR and RXR ligands indicated that only a subset of these ligands activated GluR1 translation. The results demonstrate the practicality of this assay to explore the contribution of RARα to this pathway and that the capacity of RAR ligands to activate translation is a quality restricted to a limited number of compounds, with implications for their RAR selectivity and potentially their specificity in drug use.
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108
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Taylor-Whiteley TR, Le Maitre CL, Duce JA, Dalton CF, Smith DP. Recapitulating Parkinson's disease pathology in a three-dimensional human neural cell culture model. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm038042. [PMID: 30926586 PMCID: PMC6505482 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive loss of dopaminergic neurons and aggregation of the protein α-synuclein into ubiquitin-positive Lewy bodies represents a major neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). At present, the generation of large nuclear-associated Lewy bodies from endogenous wild-type α-synuclein, translationally regulated under its own promoter in human cell culture models, requires costly and time-consuming protocols. Here, we demonstrate that fully differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells grown in three-dimensional cell culture develop Lewy-body-like pathology upon exposure to exogenous α-synuclein species. In contrast to most cell- and rodent-based PD models, which exhibit multiple diffuse α-synuclein aggregates throughout the cytoplasm, a single large nuclear inclusion that is immunopositive for α-synuclein and ubiquitin is rapidly obtained in our model. This was achieved without the need for overexpression of α-synuclein or genetic modification of the cell line. However, phosphorylation of α-synuclein within these inclusions was not observed. The system described here provides an ideal tool to screen compounds to therapeutically intervene in Lewy body formation, and to investigate the mechanisms involved in disease progression in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa R Taylor-Whiteley
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, Department of Bioscience and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, Department of Bioscience and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - James A Duce
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, UK
- The ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Caroline F Dalton
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, Department of Bioscience and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - David P Smith
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, Department of Bioscience and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
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109
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Fine-tuning the neuroprotective and blood-brain barrier permeability profile of multi-target agents designed to prevent progressive mitochondrial dysfunction. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:525-545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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110
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Somatostatin-Mediated Changes in Microtubule-Associated Proteins and Retinoic Acid–Induced Neurite Outgrowth in SH-SY5Y Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:120-134. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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111
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Dubey SK, Ram MS, Krishna KV, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Agrawal M, Ajazuddin, Saraf S, Saraf S, Alexander A. Recent Expansions on Cellular Models to Uncover the Scientific Barriers Towards Drug Development for Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:181-209. [PMID: 30671696 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the central nervous system (CNS) disorders appear as the most critical pathological threat with no proper cure. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one such condition frequently observed with the aged population and sometimes in youth too. Most of the research utilizes different animal models for in vivo study of AD pathophysiology and to investigate the potency of the newly developed therapy. These in vivo models undoubtably provide a powerful investigation tool to study human brain. Although, it sometime fails to mimic the exact environment and responses as the human brain owing to the distinctive genetic and anatomical features of human and rodent brain. In such condition, the in vitro cell model derived from patient specific cell or human cell lines can recapitulate the human brain environment. In addition, the frequent use of animals in research increases the cost of study and creates various ethical issues. Instead, the use of in vitro cellular models along with animal models can enhance the translational values of in vivo models and represent a better and effective mean to investigate the potency of therapeutics. This strategy also limits the excessive use of laboratory animal during the drug development process. Generally, the in vitro cell lines are cultured from AD rat brain endothelial cells, the rodent models, human astrocytes, human brain capillary endothelial cells, patient derived iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) and also from the non-neuronal cells. During the literature review process, we observed that there are very few reviews available which describe the significance and characteristics of in vitro cell lines, for AD investigation. Thus, in the present review article, we have compiled the various in vitro cell lines used in AD investigation including HBMEC, BCECs, SHSY-5Y, hCMEC/D3, PC-2 cell line, bEND3 cells, HEK293, hNPCs, RBE4 cells, SK-N-MC, BMVECs, CALU-3, 7W CHO, iPSCs and cerebral organoids cell lines and different types of culture media such as SCM, EMEM, DMEM/F12, RPMI, EBM and 3D-cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Munnangi Siva Ram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, Chhattisgarh, India.,Hemchand Yadav University, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491 001, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India.
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112
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Mendsaikhan A, Takeuchi S, Walker DG, Tooyama I. Differences in Gene Expression Profiles and Phenotypes of Differentiated SH-SY5Y Neurons Stably Overexpressing Mitochondrial Ferritin. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 11:470. [PMID: 30670947 PMCID: PMC6331485 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) is an iron-transport protein with ferroxidase properties localized to mitochondria. Levels are generally low in all tissues, while increasing the expression of FtMt in neuronal-like cells has been shown to be protective. To determine whether FtMt has potential as a therapeutic approach, there remains the question of how much FtMt is protective. To address this issue, we transfected SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with a FtMt expression plasmid and isolated cell lines with stable expression of FtMt at high, medium and low levels. Using these cell lines, we examined effects of FtMt on neuronal phenotype, neuroprotective activity and gene expression profiles. The phenotypic properties of high, medium and low FtMt expressors were compared with native untransfected SH-SY5Y cells after differentiation with retinoic acid to a neuronal phenotype. Overexpression of FtMt, even in low expressing cells, showed significant protection from oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide or cobalt chloride. Higher levels of FtMt expression did not appear to offer greater protection, and did not have toxic consequences to cells, even though there were significantly more aggregated mitochondria in the highest expressing clone. The phenotypes differed between cell clones when assessed by cell growth, neurite outgrowth, and expression of neuronal proteins including those associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Microarray analysis of high, medium and negative FtMt-expressing cells identified different patterns of expression of certain genes associated with oxidative stress and neuronal development, amongst others. Validation of microarray analyses was carried out by real time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed significant differences in expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and microsomal glutathione transfer-1 (MGST-1), which can have critical roles in the regulation of oxidative stress. Differences in expression of calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha (CALCA), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and secretogranin II (SCG2) were also observed. Our findings indicate that even low levels of increased FtMt expression can be protective possibly by alterations of some oxidative stress-related and growth factor genes, while high levels of expression did not appear to offer greater protection from oxidative stress or induce significant toxicity in cells. These experiments provide supporting data that increasing FtMt might be a feasible strategy for therapeutics in certain neurodegenerative and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anarmaa Mendsaikhan
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shigeko Takeuchi
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Douglas G Walker
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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113
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Ragucci S, Pacifico S, Ruocco MR, Crescente G, Nasso R, Simonetti M, Masullo M, Piccolella S, Pedone PV, Landi N, Di Maro A. Ageritin from poplar mushrooms: scale-up purification and cytotoxicity towards undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Food Funct 2019; 10:6342-6350. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01483g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ageritin from poplar mushroom is a valuable selective neurotoxin towards undifferentiated neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
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114
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Gill I, Kaur S, Kaur N, Dhiman M, Mantha AK. Phytochemical Ginkgolide B Attenuates Amyloid-β1-42 Induced Oxidative Damage and Altered Cellular Responses in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:S25-S40. [PMID: 28234255 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an upsurge in reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), which aggravates damage to cellular components viz. lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids resulting in impaired cellular functions and neurological pathologies including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we have examined amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced oxidative stress responses, a major cause for AD, in the undifferentiated and differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Aβ1-42-induced oxidative damage was evaluated on lipids by lipid peroxidation; proteins by protein carbonyls; antioxidant status by SOD and GSH enzyme activities; and DNA and RNA damage levels by evaluating the number of AP sites and 8-OHG base damages produced. In addition, the neuro-protective role of the phytochemical ginkgolide B (GB) in countering Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress was assessed. We report that the differentiated cells are highly vulnerable to Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress events as exerted by the deposition of Aβ in AD. Results of the current study suggest that the pre-treatment of GB, followed by Aβ1-42 treatment for 24 h, displayed neuro-protective potential, which countered Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress responses in both undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y neuronal cells by: 1) hampering production of ROS and RNS; 2) reducing lipid peroxidation; 3) decreasing protein carbonyl content; 4) restoring antioxidant activities of SOD and GSH enzymes; and 5) maintaining genome integrity by reducing the oxidative DNA and RNA base damages. In conclusion, Aβ1-42 induces oxidative damage to the cellular biomolecules, which are associated with AD pathology, and are protected by the pre-treatment of GB against Aβ-toxicity. Taken together, this study advocates for phytochemical-based therapeutic interventions against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Gill
- Centre for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhchain Kaur
- Centre for Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Navrattan Kaur
- Centre for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Centre for Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anil K Mantha
- Centre for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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115
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Mastroeni D, Nolz J, Khdour OM, Sekar S, Delvaux E, Cuyugan L, Liang WS, Hecht SM, Coleman PD. Oligomeric amyloid β preferentially targets neuronal and not glial mitochondrial-encoded mRNAs. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:775-786. [PMID: 29396107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our laboratories have demonstrated that accumulation of oligomeric amyloid β (OAβ) in neurons is an essential step leading to OAβ-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. METHODS Alzheimer's disease (AD) and matching control hippocampal neurons, astrocytes, and microglia were isolated by laser-captured microdissection from the same subjects, followed by whole-transcriptome sequencing. Complementary in vitro work was performed in OAβ-treated differentiated SH-SY5Y, followed by the use of a novel CoQ10 analogue for protection. This compound is believed to be effective both in suppressing reactive oxygen species and also functioning in mitochondrial electron transport. RESULTS We report decreases in the same mitochondrial-encoded mRNAs in Alzheimer's disease laser-captured CA1 neurons and in OAβ-treated SH-SY5Y cells, but not in laser-captured microglia and astrocytes. Pretreatment with a novel CoQ10 analogue, protects neuronal mitochondria from OAβ-induced mitochondrial changes. DISCUSSION Similarity of expression changes in neurons from Alzheimer's disease brain and neuronal cells treated with OAβ, and the effect of a CoQ10 analogue on the latter, suggests a pretreatment option to prevent OAβ toxicity, long before the damage is apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Mastroeni
- ASU-Banner Biodesign Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
| | - Jennifer Nolz
- ASU-Banner Biodesign Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Omar M Khdour
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | | | - Elaine Delvaux
- ASU-Banner Biodesign Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | | | | | - Sidney M Hecht
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Paul D Coleman
- ASU-Banner Biodesign Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
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Prévôt ME, Andro H, Alexander SLM, Ustunel S, Zhu C, Nikolov Z, Rafferty ST, Brannum MT, Kinsel B, Korley LTJ, Freeman EJ, McDonough JA, Clements RJ, Hegmann E. Liquid crystal elastomer foams with elastic properties specifically engineered as biodegradable brain tissue scaffolds. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:354-360. [PMID: 29236117 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01949a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration requires 3-dimensional (3D) smart materials as scaffolds to promote transport of nutrients. To mimic mechanical properties of extracellular matrices, biocompatible polymers have been widely studied and a diverse range of 3D scaffolds have been produced. We propose the use of responsive polymeric materials to create dynamic substrates for cell culture, which goes beyond designing only a physical static 3D scaffold. Here, we demonstrated that lactone- and lactide-based star block-copolymers (SBCs), where a liquid crystal (LC) moiety has been attached as a side-group, can be crosslinked to obtain Liquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs) with a porous architecture using a salt-leaching method to promote cell infiltration. The obtained SmA LCE-based fully interconnected-porous foams exhibit a Young modulus of 0.23 ± 0.07 MPa and a biodegradability rate of around 20% after 15 weeks both of which are optimized to mimic native environments. We present cell culture results showing growth and proliferation of neurons on the scaffold after four weeks. This research provides a new platform to analyse LCE scaffold-cell interactions where the presence of liquid crystal moieties promotes cell alignment paving the way for a stimulated brain-like tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Prévôt
- Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, 1425 Lester Lefton Esplanade, Kent, OH 44242, USA and Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, 850 Lester Lefton Esplanade, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - H Andro
- Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, 1425 Lester Lefton Esplanade, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - S L M Alexander
- Macromolecular Sciences and Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - S Ustunel
- Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, 1425 Lester Lefton Esplanade, Kent, OH 44242, USA and Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, 850 Lester Lefton Esplanade, Kent, OH 44242, USA. and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, 1425 Lester Lefton Esplanade, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - C Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Z Nikolov
- National Polymer Innovation Center, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 240 S Forge Street, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - S T Rafferty
- Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, 1425 Lester Lefton Esplanade, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - M T Brannum
- Macromolecular Sciences and Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - B Kinsel
- Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, 1425 Lester Lefton Esplanade, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - L T J Korley
- Macromolecular Sciences and Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - E J Freeman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, 850 Lester Lefton Esplanade, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - J A McDonough
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, 850 Lester Lefton Esplanade, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - R J Clements
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, 850 Lester Lefton Esplanade, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - E Hegmann
- Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, 1425 Lester Lefton Esplanade, Kent, OH 44242, USA and Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, 850 Lester Lefton Esplanade, Kent, OH 44242, USA. and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, 1425 Lester Lefton Esplanade, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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Roach P, Kose Dunn M, Fricker R. Tissue engineered organoids for neural network modelling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15406/atroa.2017.03.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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118
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Duggal NK, Ritter JM, McDonald EM, Romo H, Guirakhoo F, Davis BS, Chang GJJ, Brault AC. Differential Neurovirulence of African and Asian Genotype Zika Virus Isolates in Outbred Immunocompetent Mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:1410-1417. [PMID: 28820694 PMCID: PMC5817768 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although first isolated almost 70 years ago, Zika virus (ZIKV; Flavivirus, Flaviviridae) has only recently been associated with significant outbreaks of disease in humans. Several severe ZIKV disease manifestations have also been recently documented, including fetal malformations, such as microcephaly, and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Although principally transmitted by mosquitoes, sexual transmission of ZIKV has been documented. Recent publications of several interferon receptor knockout mouse models have demonstrated ZIKV-induced disease. Herein, outbred immunocompetent CD-1/ICR adult mice were assessed for susceptibility to disease by intracranial (i.c.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation with the Ugandan prototype strain (MR766; African genotype), a low-passage Senegalese strain (DakAr41524; African genotype) and a recent ZIKV strain isolated from a traveler infected in Puerto Rico (PRVABC59; Asian genotype). Morbidity was not observed in mice inoculated by the i.p. route with either MR766 or PRVABC59 for doses up to 6 log10 PFU. In contrast, CD-1/ICR mice inoculated i.c. with the MR766 ZIKV strain exhibited an 80-100% mortality rate that was age independent. The DakAr41524 strain delivered by the i.c route caused 30% mortality, and the Puerto Rican ZIKV strain failed to elicit mortality but did induce a serum neutralizing immune response in 60% of mice. These data provide a potential animal model for assessing neurovirulence determinants of different ZIKV strains as well as a potential immunocompetent challenge model for assessing protective efficacy of vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha K. Duggal
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jana M. Ritter
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Erin M. McDonald
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Hannah Romo
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | | | - Brent S. Davis
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Gwong-Jen J. Chang
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Aaron C. Brault
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Choi JH, Cho HY, Choi JW. Microdevice Platform for In Vitro Nervous System and Its Disease Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:E77. [PMID: 28952555 PMCID: PMC5615323 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of precise microdevices can be applied to the reconstruction of in vitro human microenvironmental systems with biomimetic physiological conditions that have highly tunable spatial and temporal features. Organ-on-a-chip can emulate human physiological functions, particularly at the organ level, as well as its specific roles in the body. Due to the complexity of the structure of the central nervous system and its intercellular interaction, there remains an urgent need for the development of human brain or nervous system models. Thus, various microdevice models have been proposed to mimic actual human brain physiology, which can be categorized as nervous system-on-a-chip. Nervous system-on-a-chip platforms can prove to be promising technologies, through the application of their biomimetic features to the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews the microdevices for nervous system-on-a-chip platform incorporated with neurobiology and microtechnology, including microfluidic designs that are biomimetic to the entire nervous system. The emulation of both neurodegenerative disorders and neural stem cell behavior patterns in micro-platforms is also provided, which can be used as a basis to construct nervous system-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ha Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 04107, Korea.
| | - Hyeon-Yeol Cho
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 04107, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 04107, Korea.
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Chen J, Wang T, Zhou XY, Tang CX, Gao DS. Glucose-6-phosphatase-α participates in dopaminergic differentiation. Neurol Res 2017; 39:869-876. [PMID: 28829278 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1348681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Induction of dopaminergic (DA) differentiation is a cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we explore the key factors of DA differentiation with a focus on glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a marker enzyme for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) associated with cell differentiation. METHODS We cultured SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, a model system for PD research, and added glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF; 25, 50, or 100 ng/ml) to stimulate differentiation. Subsequently, several methods, such as microRNA/mRNA microarrays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot were used to detect target genes and proteins respectively. RESULTS Light microscopy revealed that 50 ng/ml GDNF most effectively induced DA differentiation. MicroRNA/mRNA microarrays identified that G6PC mRNA was significantly upregulated, which might be influenced by three downregulated microRNAs. Follow-up qRT-PCR results were consistent with the microarray findings, and western blots also supported the results. DISCUSSION Taken together, our results demonstrate that G6PC, a subunit of G6Pase, participates in DA differentiation. Our findings may contribute to provide a foundation for the research on the mechanism of DA differentiation as well as cell-based therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- a Experimental Teaching Center of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Ting Wang
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- a Experimental Teaching Center of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Chuan-Xi Tang
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Dian-Shuai Gao
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
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Piras S, Furfaro AL, Brondolo L, Passalacqua M, Marinari UM, Pronzato MA, Nitti M. Differentiation impairs Bach1 dependent HO-1 activation and increases sensitivity to oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7568. [PMID: 28790431 PMCID: PMC5548785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal adaptation to oxidative stress is crucially important in order to prevent degenerative diseases. The role played by the Nrf2/HO-1 system in favoring cell survival of neuroblastoma (NB) cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been investigated using undifferentiated or all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. While undifferentiated cells were basically resistant to the oxidative stimulus, ATRA treatment progressively decreased cell viability in response to H2O2. HO-1 silencing decreased undifferentiated cell viability when exposed to H2O2, proving the role of HO-1 in cell survival. Conversely, ATRA differentiated cells exposed to H2O2 showed a significantly lower induction of HO-1, and only the supplementation with low doses of bilirubin (0,5-1 μM) restored viability. Moreover, the nuclear level of Bach1, repressor of HO-1 transcription, strongly decreased in undifferentiated cells exposed to oxidative stress, while did not change in ATRA differentiated cells. Furthermore, Bach1 was displaced from HO-1 promoter in undifferentiated cells exposed to H2O2, enabling the binding of Nrf2. On the contrary, in ATRA differentiated cells treated with H2O2, Bach1 displacement was impaired, preventing Nrf2 binding and limiting HO-1 transcription. In conclusion, our findings highlight the central role of Bach1 in HO-1-dependent neuronal response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Piras
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Furfaro
- Giannina Gaslini Institute, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brondolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Umberto Maria Marinari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Adelaide Pronzato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Peptides derived from the knuckle epitope of BMP-9 induce the cholinergic differentiation and inactivate GSk3beta in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4695. [PMID: 28680159 PMCID: PMC5498665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of brain degenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) will increase as the world population ages. While there is presently no known cure for AD and current treatments having only a transient effect, an increasing number of publications indicate that growth factors (GF) may be used to treat AD. GFs like the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), especially BMP-9, affect many aspects of AD. However, BMP-9 is a big protein that cannot readily cross the blood-brain barrier. We have therefore studied the effects of two small peptides derived from BMP-9 (pBMP-9 and SpBMP-9). We investigated their capacity to differentiate SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells into neurons with or without retinoic acid (RA). Both peptides induced Smad 1/5 phosphorylation and their nuclear translocation. They increased the number and length of neurites and the expression of neuronal markers MAP-2, NeuN and NSE better than did BMP-9. They also promoted differentiation to the cholinergic phenotype more actively than BMP-9, SpBMP-9 being the most effective as shown by increases in intracellular acetylcholine, ChAT and VAchT. Finally, both peptides activated the PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibited GSK3beta, a current AD therapeutic target. BMP-9-derived peptides, especially SpBMP-9, with or without RA, are promising molecules that warrant further investigation.
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123
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Martins F, Serrano JB, Müller T, da Cruz E Silva OAB, Rebelo S. BRI2 Processing and Its Neuritogenic Role Are Modulated by Protein Phosphatase 1 Complexing. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2752-2763. [PMID: 28176357 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BRI2 is a ubiquitously expressed type II transmembrane phosphoprotein. BRI2 undergoes proteolytic processing into secreted fragments and during the maturation process it suffers post-translational modifications. Of particular relevance, BRI2 is a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) interacting protein, where PP1 is able to dephosphorylate the former. Further, disruption of the BRI2:PP1 complex, using BRI2 PP1 binding motif mutants, leads to increased BRI2 phosphorylation levels. However, the physiological function of BRI2 remains elusive; although findings suggest a role in neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation. In the work here presented, BRI2 expression during neuronal development was investigated. This increases during neuronal differentiation and an increase in its proteolytic processing is also evident. To elucidate the importance of BRI2 phosphorylation for both proteolytic processing and neuritogenesis, SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with the BRI2 PP1 binding motif mutant constructs. For the first time, it was possible to show that BRI2 phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism for its proteolytic processing and its neuritogenic role. Furthermore, by modulating BRI2 processing using an ADAM10 inhibitor, a dual role for BRI2 in neurite outgrowth is suggested: phosphorylated full-length BRI2 appears to be important for the formation of neuritic processes, and BRI2 NTF promotes neurite elongation. This work significantly contributed to the understanding of the physiological function of BRI2 and its regulation by protein phosphorylation. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2752-2763, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Martins
- Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Joana B Serrano
- Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Thorsten Müller
- Cell Signaling in Neurodegeneration (CSIN), Medical Proteome-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
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RA Differentiation Enhances Dopaminergic Features, Changes Redox Parameters, and Increases Dopamine Transporter Dependency in 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurotox Res 2017; 31:545-559. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Puangmalai N, Thangnipon W, Soi-Ampornkul R, Suwanna N, Tuchinda P, Nobsathian S. Neuroprotection of N-benzylcinnamide on scopolamine-induced cholinergic dysfunction in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1492-1498. [PMID: 29089996 PMCID: PMC5649471 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.215262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease, affects learning and memory resulting from cholinergic dysfunction. Scopolamine has been employed to induce Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in vivo and in vitro through alteration of cholinergic system. N-benzylcinnamide (PT-3), purified from Piper submultinerve, has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective properties against amyloid-β-induced neuronal toxicity in rat cortical primary cell culture and to improve spatial learning and memory of aged rats through alleviating oxidative stress. We proposed a hypothesis that PT3 has a neuroprotective effect against scopolamine-induced cholinergic dysfunction. PT-3 (125–200 nM) pretreatment was performed in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line following scopolamine induction. PT-3 (125–200 nM) inhibited scopolamine (2 mM)-induced generation of reactive oxygen species, cellular apoptosis, upregulation of acetylcholinesterase activity, downregulation of choline acetyltransferase level, and activation of p38 and JNK signalling pathways. These findings revealed the underlying mechanisms of scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease-like cellular dysfunctions, which provide evidence for developing drugs for the treatment of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicha Puangmalai
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Wipawan Thangnipon
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Rungtip Soi-Ampornkul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nirut Suwanna
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampaeng Saen, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | | | - Saksit Nobsathian
- Nakhon Sawan Campus, Mahidol University, Phayuhakiri, Nakhon Sawan, Thailand
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Becirovic L, Brown IR. Targeting of Heat Shock Protein HSPA6 (HSP70B') to the Periphery of Nuclear Speckles is Disrupted by a Transcription Inhibitor Following Thermal Stress in Human Neuronal Cells. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:406-414. [PMID: 27743288 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a set of highly conserved proteins involved in cellular repair and protective mechanisms. The intracellular localization of inducible members of the HSPA (HSP70) family can be used as an index to identify stress-sensitive sites in differentiated human neuronal cells. Following thermal stress, the little studied HSPA6 (HSP70B') was targeted to the periphery of nuclear speckles (perispeckles) that are sites of transcription factories. Triptolide, a fast-acting transcription inhibitor, knocked down levels of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II, RPB1, during the time-frame when HSPA6 associated with perispeckles. Administration of triptolide to heat shocked human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells, disrupted HSPA6 localization to perispeckles, suggesting the involvement of HSPA6 in transcriptional recovery after stress. The HSPA6 gene is present in the human genome but is not found in the genomes of the mouse and rat. Hence current animal models of neurodegenerative diseases lack a member of the HSPA family that exhibits the feature of stress-induced targeting to perispeckles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Becirovic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ian R Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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127
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Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping as a strategy to reduce proteolytic cleavage of ataxin-3. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35200. [PMID: 27731380 PMCID: PMC5059676 DOI: 10.1038/srep35200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type-3 (SCA3) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine repeat expansion in the ataxin-3 protein. Cleavage of mutant ataxin-3 by proteolytic enzymes yields ataxin-3 fragments containing the polyglutamine stretch. These shorter ataxin-3 fragments are thought to be involved in SCA3 pathogenesis due to their increased cellular toxicity and their involvement in formation of the characteristic neuronal aggregates. As a strategy to prevent formation of toxic cleavage fragments, we investigated an antisense oligonucleotide-mediated modification of the ataxin-3 pre-mRNA through exon skipping of exon 8 and 9, resulting in the removal of a central 88 amino acid region of the ataxin-3 protein. This removed protein region contains several predicted cleavage sites and two ubiquitin-interacting motifs. In contrast to unmodified mutant ataxin-3, the internally truncated ataxin-3 protein did not give rise to potentially toxic cleavage fragments when incubated with caspases. In vitro experiments did not show cellular toxicity of the modified ataxin-3 protein. However, the modified protein was incapable of binding poly-ubiquitin chains, which may interfere with its normal deubiquitinating function. Low exon skipping efficiencies combined with reduction in important ataxin-3 protein functions suggest that skipping of exon 8 and 9 is not a viable therapeutic option for SCA3.
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128
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Brostoff T, Pesavento PA, Barker CM, Kenney JL, Dietrich EA, Duggal NK, Bosco-Lauth AM, Brault AC. MicroRNA reduction of neuronal West Nile virus replication attenuates and affords a protective immune response in mice. Vaccine 2016; 34:5366-5375. [PMID: 27637937 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is an important agent of human encephalitis that has quickly become endemic across much of the United States since its identification in North America in 1999. While the majority (∼75%) of infections are subclinical, neurologic disease can occur in a subset of cases, with outcomes including permanent neurologic damage and death. Currently, there are no WNV vaccines approved for use in humans. This study introduces a novel vaccine platform for WNV to reduce viral replication in the central nervous system while maintaining peripheral replication to elicit strong neutralizing antibody titers. Vaccine candidates were engineered to incorporate microRNA (miRNA) target sequences for a cognate miRNA expressed only in neurons, allowing the host miRNAs to target viral transcription through endogenous RNA silencing. To maintain stability, these targets were incorporated in multiple locations within the 3'-untranslated region, flanking sequences essential for viral replication without affecting the viral open reading frame. All candidates replicated comparably to wild type WNV in vitro within cells that did not express the cognate miRNA. Insertional control viruses were also capable of neuroinvasion and neurovirulence in vivo in CD-1 mice. Vaccine viruses were safe at all doses tested and did not demonstrate mutations associated with a reversion to virulence when serially passaged in mice. All vaccine constructs were protective from lethal challenge in mice, producing 93-100% protection at the highest dose tested. Overall, this is a safe and effective attenuation strategy with broad potential application for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terza Brostoff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Patricia A Pesavento
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher M Barker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joan L Kenney
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Dietrich
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nisha K Duggal
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Angela M Bosco-Lauth
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Aaron C Brault
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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129
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Transcriptomic Profiling Discloses Molecular and Cellular Events Related to Neuronal Differentiation in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:665-682. [PMID: 27422411 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells are widely utilized in in vitro studies to dissect out pathogenetic mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders. These cells are considered as neuronal precursors and differentiate into more mature neuronal phenotypes under selected growth conditions. In this study, in order to decipher the pathways and cellular processes underlying neuroblastoma cell differentiation in vitro, we performed systematic transcriptomic (RNA-seq) and bioinformatic analysis of SH-SY5Y cells differentiated according to a two-step paradigm: retinoic acid treatment followed by enriched neurobasal medium. Categorization of 1989 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in differentiated cells functionally linked them to changes in cell morphology including remodelling of plasma membrane and cytoskeleton, and neuritogenesis. Seventy-three DEGs were assigned to axonal guidance signalling pathway, and the expression of selected gene products such as neurotrophin receptors, the functionally related SLITRK6, and semaphorins, was validated by immunoblotting. Along with these findings, the differentiated cells exhibited an ability to elongate longer axonal process as assessed by the neuronal cytoskeletal markers biochemical characterization and morphometric evaluation. Recognition of molecular events occurring in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells is critical to accurately interpret the cellular responses to specific stimuli in studies on disease pathogenesis.
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130
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Qiao C, Zhang LX, Sun XY, Ding JH, Lu M, Hu G. Caspase-1 Deficiency Alleviates Dopaminergic Neuronal Death via Inhibiting Caspase-7/AIF Pathway in MPTP/p Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4292-4302. [PMID: 27339879 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Caspase family has been recognized to be involved in dopaminergic (DA) neuronal death and to exert an unfavorable role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology. Our previous study has revealed that caspase-1, as an important component of NLRP3 inflammasome, induces microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of PD. However, the role of caspase-1 in DA neuronal degeneration in the onset of PD remains unclear. Here, we showed that caspase-1 knockout ameliorated DA neuronal loss and dyskinesia in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine/probenecid (MPTP/p)-induced PD model mice. We further found that caspase-1 knockout decreased MPTP/p-induced caspase-7 cleavage, subsequently inhibited nuclear translocation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), and reduced the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Consistently, we demonstrated that caspase-1 inhibitor suppressed caspase-7/PARP1/AIF-mediated apoptosis pathway by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) stimulation in SH-SY5Y cells. Caspase-7 overexpression reduced the protective effects of caspase-1 inhibitor on SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis. Collectively, our results have revealed that caspase-1 regulates DA neuronal death in the pathogenesis of PD in mice via caspase-7/PARP1/AIF pathway. These findings will shed new insight into the potential of caspase-1 as a target for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Lin-Xia Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xi-Yang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jian-Hua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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131
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Burris KD, Dworetzky SI. JBS Special Issue: Innovative Screening Methodologies to Identify New Compounds for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:425-6. [PMID: 27206854 DOI: 10.1177/1087057116644231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Burris
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Quantitative Biology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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132
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Tong ZB, Hogberg H, Kuo D, Sakamuru S, Xia M, Smirnova L, Hartung T, Gerhold D. Characterization of three human cell line models for high-throughput neuronal cytotoxicity screening. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:167-180. [PMID: 27143523 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
More than 75 000 man-made chemicals contaminate the environment; many of these have not been tested for toxicities. These chemicals demand quantitative high-throughput screening assays to assess them for causative roles in neurotoxicities, including Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. To facilitate high throughput screening for cytotoxicity to neurons, three human neuronal cellular models were compared: SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, LUHMES conditionally-immortalized dopaminergic neurons, and Neural Stem Cells (NSC) derived from human fetal brain. These three cell lines were evaluated for rapidity and degree of differentiation, and sensitivity to 32 known or candidate neurotoxicants. First, expression of neural differentiation genes was assayed during a 7-day differentiation period. Of the three cell lines, LUHMES showed the highest gene expression of neuronal markers after differentiation. Both in the undifferentiated state and after 7 days of neuronal differentiation, LUHMES cells exhibited greater cytotoxic sensitivity to most of 32 suspected or known neurotoxicants than SH-SY5Y or NSCs. LUHMES cells were also unique in being more susceptible to several compounds in the differentiating state than in the undifferentiated state; including known neurotoxicants colchicine, methyl-mercury (II), and vincristine. Gene expression results suggest that differentiating LUHMES cells may be susceptible to apoptosis because they express low levels of anti-apoptotic genes BCL2 and BIRC5/survivin, whereas SH-SY5Y cells may be resistant to apoptosis because they express high levels of BCL2, BIRC5/survivin, and BIRC3 genes. Thus, LUHMES cells exhibited favorable characteristics for neuro-cytotoxicity screening: rapid differentiation into neurons that exhibit high level expression neuronal marker genes, and marked sensitivity of LUHMES cells to known neurotoxicants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Tong
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Helena Hogberg
- Centers for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Kuo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Srilatha Sakamuru
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Centers for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Centers for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Konstanz, POB 600, Konstanz, Germany
| | - David Gerhold
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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