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Choudhari M, Damle S, Saha RN, Dubey SK, Singhvi G. Emerging Applications of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Acetate Succinate: Different Aspects in Drug Delivery and Its Commercial Potential. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:188. [PMID: 37715004 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) has multi-disciplinary applications spanning across the development of drug delivery systems, in 3D printing, and in tissue engineering, etc. HPMCAS helps in maintaining the drug in a super-saturated condition by inhibiting its precipitation, thereby increasing the rate and extent of dissolution in the aqueous media. HPMCAS has several distinctive characteristics, such as being amphiphilic in nature, having an ionization pH, and a succinyl and acetyl substitution ratio, all of which are beneficial while developing formulations. This review provides insights regarding the various types of formulations being developed using HPMCAS, including amorphous solid dispersion (ASD), amorphous nanoparticles, dry coating, and 3D printing, along with their applicability in drug delivery and biomedical fields. Furthermore, HPMCAS, compared with other carbohydrate polymers, shows several benefits in drug delivery, including proficiency in imparting stable ASD with a high dissolution rate, being easily processable, and enhancing bioavailability. The various commercially available formulations, regulatory considerations, and key patents containing the HPMCAS have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Choudhari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Shantanu Damle
- Colorcon Asia Pvt. Ltd. Verna Industrial Estate, Verna, Goa, 403722, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
- R&D Healthcare Emami Ltd., Belgharia, Kolkata, 700056, India.
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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2
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Waghule T, Laxmi Swetha K, Roy A, Narayan Saha R, Singhvi G. Exploring temozolomide encapsulated PEGylated liposomes and lyotropic liquid crystals for effective treatment of glioblastoma: in-vitro, cell line, and pharmacokinetic studies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 186:18-29. [PMID: 36924995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is one of the best choices for treating glioblastoma. However, due to the short plasma half-life, only 20-30 % brain bioavailability can be achieved using traditional formulations. In the present study, PEGylated liposomes and lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) were developed and investigated to prolong the plasma circulation time of TMZ. Industrially feasible membrane extrusion and modified hot melt emulsification techniques were utilized during the formulation. Liposomes and LLCs in the particle size range of 80-120 nm were obtained with up to 50 % entrapment efficiency. The nanocarriers were found to show a prolonged release of up to 72 h. The cytotoxicity studies in glioblastoma cell lines revealed a ∼1.6-fold increased cytotoxicity compared to free TMZ. PEGylated liposomes and PEGylated LLCs were found to show a 3.47 and 3.18-fold less cell uptake in macrophage cell lines than uncoated liposomes and LLCs, respectively. A 1.25 and 2-fold increase in the plasma t1/2 was observed with PEGylated liposomes and PEGylated LLCs, respectively, compared to the TMZ when administered intravenously. Extending plasma circulation time of TMZ led to significant increase in brain bioavailability. Overall, the observed improved pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of TMZ revealed the potential of these PEGylated nanocarriers in the efficient treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - K Laxmi Swetha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Aniruddha Roy
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India.
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Donthi MR, Munnangi SR, Krishna KV, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Dubey SK. Nanoemulgel: A Novel Nano Carrier as a Tool for Topical Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010164. [PMID: 36678794 PMCID: PMC9863395 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-emulgel is an emerging drug delivery system intended to enhance the therapeutic profile of lipophilic drugs. Lipophilic formulations have a variety of limitations, which includes poor solubility, unpredictable absorption, and low oral bioavailability. Nano-emulgel, an amalgamated preparation of different systems aims to deal with these limitations. The novel system prepared by the incorporation of nano-emulsion into gel improves stability and enables drug delivery for both immediate and controlled release. The focus on nano-emulgel has also increased due to its ability to achieve targeted delivery, ease of application, absence of gastrointestinal degradation or the first pass metabolism, and safety profile. This review focuses on the formulation components of nano-emulgel for topical drug delivery, pharmacokinetics and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahipal Reddy Donthi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- R&D Healthcare Division Emami Ltd., 13, BT Road, Kolkata 700056, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-8239703734
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Iype E, Pillai U J, Kumar I, Gaastra-Nedea SV, Subramanian R, Saha RN, Dutta M. In silico and in vitro assays reveal potential inhibitors against 3CL pro main protease of SARS-CoV-2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12800-12811. [PMID: 34550861 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1977181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is not showing any sign of slowing down even after the ongoing efforts of vaccination. The threats of new strains are concerning, as some of them are more infectious than the original one. A therapeutic against the disease is, therefore, of urgent need. Here, we use the DrugBank database to screen for potential inhibitors against the 3CLpro main protease of SARS-CoV-2. Instead of using the traditional approach of computational screening by docking, we developed a kernel ridge regressor (using a part of the docking data) to predict the binding energy of ligands. We used this model to screen the DrugBank database and shortlist two lead candidates (bromocriptine and avoralstat) for in vitro enzymatic study. Our results show that the 3CLpro enzyme activity in presence of 100 μM concentration of bromocriptine and avoralstat is 9.9% and 15.9%, respectively. Remarkably, bromocriptine exhibited submicromolar IC50 of 130 nM (0.13 μM). Avoralstat showed an IC50 of 2.16 μM. Further, the interactions of both drugs with 3CLpro were analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations of 100 ns. Results indicate that both ligands are stable in the binding pocket of the 3CLpro receptor. In addition, the MM-PBSA analysis revealed that bromocriptine (-29.37 kcal/mol) has a lower binding free energy compared to avoralstat (-6.91 kcal/mol). Further, hydrogen bond analysis also showed that bromocriptine interacts with the two catalytic residues, His41 and Cys145, more frequently than avoralstat.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldhose Iype
- Department of Chemical Engineering, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jisha Pillai U
- Department of Biotechnology, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Indresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, India
| | - Silvia V Gaastra-Nedea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mainak Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Waghule T, Saha RN, Singhvi G. Exploring microfluidics and membrane extrusion for the formulation of temozolomide-loaded liposomes: investigating the effect of formulation and process variables. J Liposome Res 2022:1-13. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2022.2139844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, India
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Donthi MR, Munnangi SR, Krishna KV, Marathe SA, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Dubey SK. Formulating Ternary Inclusion Complex of Sorafenib Tosylate Using β-Cyclodextrin and Hydrophilic Polymers: Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Assessment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:254. [DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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7
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Waghule T, Saha RN, Alexander A, Singhvi G. Tailoring the multi-functional properties of phospholipids for simple to complex self-assemblies. J Control Release 2022; 349:460-474. [PMID: 35841998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The unique interfacial properties, huge diversity, and biocompatible nature of phospholipids make them an attractive pharmaceutical excipient. The amphiphilic nature of these molecules offers them the property to self-assemble into distinct structures. The solubility, chemical and structural properties, surface charge, and critical packing parameters of phospholipids play an essential role during formulation design. This review focuses on the relationship between the structural features of a phospholipid molecule and the formation of different lipid-based nanocarrier drug delivery systems. This provides a rationale and guideline for the selection of appropriate phospholipids while designing a drug delivery system. Finally, we refer to relevant recent case studies covering different types of phospholipid-based systems including simple to complex assemblies. Different carriers in the size range of 50 nm to a few microns can be prepared using phospholipids. The carriers can be delivered through oral, intravenous, nasal, dermal, transmucosal, and subcutaneous routes. A wide range of applicability can be achieved by incorporating various hydrophilic and lipophilic additives in the phospholipid bilayer. Advanced research has led to the discovery of phospholipid complexes and cell membrane mimicking lipids. Overall, phospholipids remain a versatile pharmaceutical excipient for drug delivery. They play multiple roles as solubilizer, emulsifier, surfactant, permeation enhancer, coating agent, release modifier, and liposome former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India.
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Waghule T, Laxmi Swetha K, Roy A, Narayan Saha R, Singhvi G. Quality by design assisted optimization of temozolomide loaded PEGylated lyotropic liquid crystals: Investigating various formulation and process variables along with in-vitro characterization. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dubey SK, Bhatt T, Agrawal M, Saha RN, Saraf S, Saraf S, Alexander A. Application of chitosan modified nanocarriers in breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:521-538. [PMID: 34822820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As per the WHO, every year around 2.1 million women are detected with breast cancer. It is one of the most invasive cancer in women and second most among all, contributing around 15% of death worldwide. The available anticancer therapies including chemo, radio, and hormone therapy are associated with a high load of reversible and irreversible adverse effects, limited therapeutic efficacy, and low chances of quality survival. To minimize the side effects, improving therapeutic potency and patient compliance promising targeted therapies are highly desirable. In this sequence, various nanocarriers and target modified systems have been explored by researchers throughout the world. Among these chitosan-based nanocarriers offers one of the most interesting, flexible, and biocompatible systems. The unique characteristics of chitosan like surface flexibility, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, non-toxic and cost-effective behavior assist to overcome the inadequacy of existing therapy. The present review throws light on the successes, failures, and current status of chitosan modified novel techniques for tumor targeting of bioactives. It also emphasizes the molecular classification of breast cancer and current clinical development of novel therapies. The review compiles most relevant works of the past 10 years focusing on the application of chitosan-based nanocarrier against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Medical Research, R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, 700056 Kolkata, India; Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Tanya Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Hyderabad, India, 509301
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, 781101 Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Damle S, Choudhari M, Singhvi G, Saha RN, Dubey SK. Development and Validation of Reverse‐Phase High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Estimation of Itraconazole through Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Acetate Succinate based Polymeric Films using Quality by Design principles. Sep Sci plus 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Damle
- Colorcon Asia Pvt. Ltd. Verna Industrial Estate Verna India
| | - Manisha Choudhari
- Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani India
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Damle S, Choudhari M, Singhvi G, Saha RN, Dubey SK. Front Cover: Development and Validation of Reverse‐Phase High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Estimation of Itraconazole through Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Acetate Succinate based Polymeric Films using Quality by Design principles. Sep Sci plus 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202170060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Dabholkar N, Waghule T, Krishna Rapalli V, Gorantla S, Alexander A, Narayan Saha R, Singhvi G. Lipid shell lipid nanocapsules as smart generation lipid nanocarriers. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Waghule T, Narayan Saha R, Singhvi G. UV spectroscopic method for estimation of temozolomide: Application in stability studies in simulated plasma pH, degradation rate kinetics, formulation design, and selection of dissolution media. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 258:119848. [PMID: 33933945 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is a broad spectrum alkylating agent found effective in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme, refractory anaplastic astrocytoma, and metastatic melanoma. The major drawback associated with TMZ is pH-dependent stability and short half-life. At physiological pH, it undergoes conversion to MTIC (methyltriazine imidazole carboxamide) and AIC (amino imidazole carboxamide), resulting in only 20-30% brain bioavailability. There is a need for an analytical method for the estimation of TMZ in stability samples and nanoformulations. In this research study, analytical methods were developed for the estimation of TMZ using two media pH 1.2 (0.1 N HCl) and pH 4.5 acetate buffer, which were validated for linearity, range, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and specificity as per ICH guidelines. The % RSD was found to be <2% indicating the reliability of the method. Further, the application of the developed methods was explored. The stability of TMZ in three pH conditions (1.2, 4.5, and 7.4) and the respective degradation rate kinetics was studied. Conversion of TMZ was found to follow first order kinetics with the conversion rate of 0.0011, 0.0011, and 0.0453 h-1 in pH 1.2, 4.5, and 7.4 respectively. The developed methods accurately estimated the TMZ concentration in lipid nanoformulation (liposomes) indicated by ~100% recovery. Acetate buffer (pH 4.5) was found to be an appropriate dissolution media for TMZ loaded lipid nanoformulations. The developed methods were found to be suitable for routine analysis, for the determination of drug stability and estimation of temozolomide in lipid nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India; Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Dubai Campus, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India.
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Dubey SK, Kali M, Hejmady S, Saha RN, Alexander A, Kesharwani P. Recent advances of dendrimers as multifunctional nano-carriers to combat breast cancer. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 164:105890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Waghule T, Dabholkar N, Gorantla S, Rapalli VK, Saha RN, Singhvi G. Quality by design (QbD) in the formulation and optimization of liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs): A risk based industrial approach. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111940. [PMID: 34328089 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The intersection of lipid-based nanoparticles and lyotropic liquid crystals has provided a novel type of nanocarrier system known as 'lipid-based lyotropic liquid crystals' or 'liquid crystalline nanoparticles' (LCNPs). The unique advantages and immense popularity of LCNPs can be exploited in a better way if the formulation of LCNPs is done using the approach of quality by design (QbD). QbD is a systematic method that can be utilized in formulation development. When QbD is applied to LCNPs formulation, it will proffer many unique advantages, such as better product and process understanding, the flexibility of process within the design space, implementation of more effective and efficient control strategies, easy transfer from bench to bedside, and more robust product. In this work, the application of QbD in the formulation of LCNPs has been explored. The elements of QbD, viz. quality target product profile, critical quality attributes, critical material attributes, critical process parameters, quality risk management, design of experiments, and control strategy for the development of LCNPs have been explained in-depth with case studies. The present work will help the reader to understand the nitty-gritties in the application of QbD in the formulation of LCNPs, and provide a base for QbD-driven formulation of LCNPs with a regulatory perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Neha Dabholkar
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India.
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Choudhari M, Hejmady S, Narayan Saha R, Damle S, Singhvi G, Alexander A, Kesharwani P, Kumar Dubey S. Evolving new-age strategies to transport therapeutics across the blood-brain-barrier. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120351. [PMID: 33545286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A basic understanding of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for the novel advancements in targeting drugs specific to the brain. Neoplasm compromising the internal structure of BBB that results in impaired vasculature is called as blood tumor barrier (BTB). Besides, the BBB serves as a chief hindrance to the passage of a drug into the brain parenchyma. The small and hydrophilic drugs majorly display an absence of desired molecular characteristics required to cross the BBB. Furthermore, all classes of biologics have failed in the clinical trials of brain diseases over the past years since these biologics are large molecules that do not cross the BBB. Also, new strategies have been discovered that use the Trojan horse technology with the re-engineered biologics for BBB transport. Thus, this review delivers information about the different grades of tumors (I-IV) i.e. examples of BBB/BTB heterogenicity along with the different mechanisms for transporting the therapeutics into the brain tumors by crossing BBB. This review also provides insights into the emerging approaches of peptide delivery and the non-invasive and brain-specific molecular Trojan horse targeting technologies. Also, the several challenges in the clinical development of BBB penetrating IgG fusion protein have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Choudhari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Siddhanth Hejmady
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Dubai Campus, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shantanu Damle
- Colorcon Asia Pvt. Ltd., Verna Industrial Estate, Verna 403722, Goa, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER GUWAHATI), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizers, Government of India, Sila Village, Nizsundarighopa, Changsari, Kamrup (R), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India; R&D Healthcare Division Emami Ltd., 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata 700056, India.
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Rastogi M, Saha RN, Alexander A, Singhvi G, Puri A, Dubey SK. Role of stealth lipids in nanomedicine-based drug carriers. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 235:105036. [PMID: 33412151 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The domain of nanomedicine owns a wide-ranging variety of lipid-based drug carriers, and novel nanostructured drug carriersthat are further added to this range every year. The primary goal behind the exploration of any new lipid-based nanoformulation is the improvement of the therapeutic index of the concerned drug molecule along with minimization in the associated side-effects. However, for maintaining a sustained delivery of these intravenously injected lipoidal nanomedicines to the targeted tissues and organ systems in the body, longer circulation in the bloodstream, as well as their stability, are important. After administration, upon recognition as foreign entities in the body, these systems are rapidly cleared by the cells associated with the mononuclear phagocyte system. In order to provide these lipid-based systems with long circulation characteristics, techniques such as coating of the lipoidal surface with an inert polymeric material like polyethylene glycol (PEG) assists in imparting 'stealth properties' to these nanoformulations for avoiding recognition by the macrophages of the immune system. In this review, detailed importance is given to the hydrophilic PEG polymer and the role played by PEG-linked lipid polymers in the field of nanomedicine-based drug carriers. The typical structure and classification of stealth lipids, clinical utility, assemblage techniques, physicochemical characterization, and factors governing the in-vivo performance of the PEG-linked lipids containing formulations will be discussed. Eventually, the novel concept of accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon associated with the use of PEGylated therapeutics will be deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Rastogi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulation), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, 781101, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Anu Puri
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India; Emami Limited, R&D Healthcare Division, 13, BT Road, Kolkata, 700 056, West Bengal, India.
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Krishna KV, Saha RN, Dubey SK. Biophysical, Biochemical, and Behavioral Implications of ApoE3 Conjugated Donepezil Nanomedicine in a Aβ 1-42 Induced Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4139-4151. [PMID: 33251785 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder and is the most common type of dementia. Amyloid β (Aβ) plaques play an important role in the pathophysiology of AD. However, the existing therapeutic strategies are not effective for the management of both Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and Aβ fibrils clearance in biological conditions. Herein, we have developed lipoprotein conjugated polymeric nanoparticles that can boost the clearance rate of Aβ fibrils and mitigate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in AD rat. These nanoparticles were designed by loading donepezil in an amphiphilic polymer with a lipoprotein (ApoE3) integrated over the surface. Polymeric nanoparticles were prepared by a nanoprecipitation method, and ApoE3 was conjugated to the polymer layer by polysorbate 80. In the present study, we intended to examine the protective effect of ApoE3 nanoparticles against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo to evaluate if these can reduce the Aβ fibril formation and cognitive and behavioral deficits observed in AD induced rats. In the in vitro study, neurotoxicity induced by Aβ1-42 in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells was found to be significantly reduced upon treatment with ApoE3 donepezil nanoparticles. The presence of the ApoE3 significantly modified the morphology of Aβ fibrils and also inhibited the formation Aβ oligomers. Moreover, in the in vivo study, following treatment, AD induced rats were tested on Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance task for their cognitive ability and sacrificed for biochemical estimations. From our observations, ApoE3 donepezil nanoparticles exhibited neuroprotection in the Aβ1-42 induced model by mitigating the pathological features and cognitive impairments. Thus, we anticipate that the nanosized lipoprotein carriers will possibly offer a rational therapeutic strategy in the formulation development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, 345055 Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, 345055 Pilani, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai International Academic City, P.O. Box 345055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, 345055 Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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Waghule T, Rapalli VK, Gorantla S, Saha RN, Dubey SK, Puri A, Singhvi G. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as Potential Drug Delivery Systems for Skin Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4569-4579. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200614175236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Skin diseases affect all the age groups of people and have an impact on patients’ physical,
mental, and emotional status. Conventional topical preparation is limited with its efficacy due to low permeation,
frequent application, and poor adherence to the therapy for prolong time.
Objective:
The objective of this review article is to address the emerging trends of nanotechnology derived lipidic
carrier systems for an effective treatment for skin disorders.
Methodology:
Various research and review articles from reputed international journals were referred and compiled.
Results and Discussion:
opical drug delivery systems were found to be more effective than oral and parenteral
drug delivery systems for treating skin diseases due to targeted localized applications with reduced side effects.
Lipid-based nanoparticles have been found to have the potential in treating skin diseases due to the biocompatibility
and the versatility of the lipids. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have gained much attention in treating
skin diseases due to improved stability of the drugs, enhanced skin permeation, retention, and better therapeutic
efficacy. The review summarizes the NLCs characteristics and their application for topical delivery of various
therapeutics in skin disorders. NLCs have shown great potential in effective drug delivery for the treatment of
psoriasis, dermatitis, bacterial infections, and skin cancer. Its cosmetic application has opened a new area for
skincare. Furthermore, safety and clinical status revealed its future commercial acceptability.
Conclusion:
NLCs have been found as effective lipid nanocarriers for the delivery of topical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Anu Puri
- National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
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Waghule T, Gorantla S, Rapalli VK, Shah P, Dubey SK, Saha RN, Singhvi G. Emerging Trends in Topical Delivery of Curcumin Through Lipid Nanocarriers: Effectiveness in Skin Disorders. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:284. [PMID: 33058071 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a unique molecule naturally obtained from rhizomes of Curcuma longa. Curcumin has been reported to act on diverse molecular targets like receptors, enzymes, and co-factors; regulate different cellular signaling pathways; and modulate gene expression. It suppresses expression of main inflammatory mediators like interleukins, tumor necrosis factor, and nuclear factor κB which are involved in the regulation of genes causing inflammation in most skin disorders. The topical delivery of curcumin seems to be more advantageous in providing a localized effect in skin diseases. However, its low aqueous solubility, poor skin permeation, and degradation hinder its application for commercial use despite its enormous potential. Lipid-based nanocarrier systems including liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, lyotropic liquid crystal nanoparticles, lipospheres, and lipid nanocapsules have found potential as carriers to overcome the issues associated with conventional topical dosage forms. Nano-size, lipophilic nature, viscoelastic properties, and occlusive effect of lipid nanocarriers provide high drug loading, hydration of skin, stability, enhanced permeation through the stratum corneum, and slow release of curcumin in the targeted skin layers. This review particularly focuses on the application of lipid nanocarriers for the topical delivery of curcumin in the treatment of various skin diseases. Furthermore, preclinical studies and patents have also indicated the emerging commercialization potential of curcumin-loaded lipid nanocarriers for effective drug delivery in skin disorders. Graphical Abstract.
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21
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Rapalli VK, Waghule T, Gorantla S, Dubey SK, Saha RN, Singhvi G. Psoriasis: pathological mechanisms, current pharmacological therapies, and emerging drug delivery systems. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:2212-2226. [PMID: 33011340 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder triggered by either genetic factors, environmental factors, life style, or a combination thereof. Clinical investigations have identified pathogenesis, such as T cell and cytokine-mediated, genetic disposition, antimicrobial peptides, lipocalin-2, galectin-3, vaspin, fractalkine, and human neutrophil peptides in the progression of psoriasis. In addition to traditional therapies, newer therapeutics, including phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), gene therapy, anti-T cell therapy, and phytoconstituents have been explored. In this review, we highlight nanotechnology-related developments for psoriasis treatment, including patented delivery systems and therapeutics currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani 333031, India
| | - Tejashree Waghule
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani 333031, India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani 333031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani 333031, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani 333031, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani 333031, India.
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Mahmood A, Rapalli VK, Waghule T, Gorantla S, Dubey SK, Saha RN, Singhvi G. UV spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of betamethasone valerate and tazarotene with absorption factor method: Application for in-vitro and ex-vivo characterization of lipidic nanocarriers for topical delivery. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 235:118310. [PMID: 32251894 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study elucidates the development of an accurate, precise and simple simultaneous estimation method for the routine analysis of Betamethasone Valerate (BV) and Tazarotene (TZ). This combination is widely used in the treatment of psoriasis. No method has been reported so far for the simultaneous estimation of BV and TZ in topical dosage forms. The method proposed by this study for the quantification of BV and TZ is the Absorption factor method. The developed method was validated as per the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guideline. The validated method was found to be linear in a concentration range of 10-38 μg/mL and 4-14 μg/mL for BV and TZ respectively with a regression coefficient >0.990. The method was validated for accuracy and precision which revealed the recovery of >99.80% with RSD <2.0. The method was found to be precise with RSD <2% for inter and intraday. The developed method was employed for quantification of BV and TZ in lipid based nanocarriers formulation and their in-vitro drug release samples. Further, the developed method was successfully applied for the estimation of BV and TZ in the ex-vivo skin matrix. This showed that the method can sensitively determine the drugs in aqueous and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisha Mahmood
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India; Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Dubai Campus, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India.
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Rapalli VK, Gorantla S, Waghule T, Mahmood A, Singh PP, Dubey SK, Saha RN, Singhvi G. Nanotherapies for the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Disease: Recent Advancements and Challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 13:283-290. [DOI: 10.2174/1872211314666200117095917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is one of the common diseases affecting the posterior
part of the eye, of a large population above 45 years old. Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-
A (Anti-VEGF-A) agents have been considered and approved as therapeutic agents for the treatment
of AMD. Due to the large molecular weight and poor permeability through various eye membranes,
VEGF-A inhibitors are given through an intravitreal injection, even though the delivery of small therapeutic
molecules by topical application to the posterior part of the eye exhibits challenges in the treatment.
To overcome these limitations, nanocarrier based delivery systems have been utilized to a large
extent for the delivery of therapeutics. Nanocarriers system offers prodigious benefits for the delivery of
therapeutics to the posterior part of the eye in both invasive and non-invasive techniques. The nano size
can improve the permeation of therapeutic agent across the biological membranes. They provide protection
from enzymes present at the site, targeted delivery or binding with the disease site and extend the
release of therapeutic agents with prolonged retention. This leads to improved therapeutic efficacy, patient
compliance, and cost effectiveness of therapy with minimum dose associated side-effects. This
review has summarized various nanocarriers explored for the treatment of AMD and challenges in
translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Tejashree Waghule
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Arisha Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Prem Prakash Singh
- Formulation development, Slayback Pharma India LLP, Hyderabad 500072, Telangana, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
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Gorantla S, Waghule T, Rapalli VK, Singh PP, Dubey SK, Saha RN, Singhvi G. Advanced Hydrogels Based Drug Delivery Systems for Ophthalmic Delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 13:291-300. [DOI: 10.2174/1872211314666200108094851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are aqueous gels composed of cross-linked networks of hydrophilic polymers. Stimuli-responsive based hydrogels have gained focus over the past 20 years for treating ophthalmic diseases. Different stimuli-responsive mechanisms are involved in forming polymer hydrogel networks, including change in temperature, pH, ions, and others including light, thrombin, pressure, antigen, and glucose-responsive. Incorporation of nanocarriers with these smart stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems that can extend the duration of action by increasing ocular bioavailability and reducing the dosing frequency. This review will focus on the hydrogel drug delivery systems highlighting the gelling mechanisms and emerging stimuli-responsive hydrogels from preformed gels, nanogels, and the role of advanced 3D printed hydrogels in vision-threatening diseases like age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. It also provides insight into the limitations of hydrogels along with the safety and biocompatibility of the hydrogel drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Tejashree Waghule
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Prem Prakash Singh
- Formulation development, Slayback Pharma India LLP, Hyderabad, Telangana-500072, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS) - Pilani, Dubai Campus, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
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Waghule T, Rapalli VK, Singhvi G, Gorantla S, Khosa A, Dubey SK, Saha RN. Design of temozolomide-loaded proliposomes and lipid crystal nanoparticles with industrial feasible approaches: comparative assessment of drug loading, entrapment efficiency, and stability at plasma pH. J Liposome Res 2020; 31:158-168. [PMID: 32290733 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2020.1748648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide is a drug approved for treating glioblastomas, which has 100% oral bioavailability but gets degraded at physiological pH thus having very short half-life and only 20-30% brain bioavailability. Due to its amphiphilic nature, reported nanoformulations exhibits poor drug loading. The objective of this work was to formulate lipid-based drug delivery systems to enhance the brain bioavailability by prolonging the drug release and circulation time of the drug to overcome the limitations of the existing therapies and possible reduction of side effects. The size of the nanocarriers obtained was less than 300 nm and the PDI obtained was less than 0.3. The designed formulation showed higher entrapment efficiency as compared to the other reported nanocarriers of temozolomide. The designed formulations showed prolonged drug release from 12 to 20 h compared to 6 h for the pure drug. About 95% of the pure drug was degraded at plasma pH at the end of 12 h, whereas only 68% and 77% was degraded when entrapped inside the lipid crystal nanoparticles and proliposomes respectively. Further, pharmacokinetic and animal studies can confirm the potential of these for improvement of brain bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Archana Khosa
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India.,IDRS Labs Pvt. Ltd, Bommasandra Industrial area, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India.,Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Dubai Campus, UAE
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Singhvi G, Rapalli VK, Nagpal S, Dubey SK, Saha RN. Nanocarriers as Potential Targeted Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29207-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Brain disorders, a diverse range of conditions comprising of neurological and psychiatric conditions, are the leading cause of disability, severely affect the quality of life, and in many cases lead to mortality. The prime challenge in treatment of brain disorders is to deliver therapeutics by overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a unique anatomical and physiological barrier which restricts the passage of a number of molecules, proteins, and cells from the bloodstream. Lipid nanoparticles have emerged as promising drug delivery systems primarily because of biodegradability, low toxicity potential, and the ability to cross physiological barriers especially the BBB even without surface modifications.In this chapter we discuss the preparation and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers of temozolomide, a chemotherapeutic drug. Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the nanocarrier system in rats revealed improved delivery of the chemotherapeutic agent to the brain with the potential of lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Khosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani, India.
| | - Kowthavarapu V Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani, India
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Rapalli VK, Singhvi G, Gorantla S, Waghule T, Dubey SK, Saha RN, Hasnain MS, Nayak AK. Stability indicating liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous quantification of betamethasone valerate and tazarotene in in vitro and ex vivo studies of complex nanoformulation. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3413-3420. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of PharmacyBirla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of PharmacyBirla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of PharmacyBirla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani India
| | - Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of PharmacyBirla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of PharmacyBirla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of PharmacyBirla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani India
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) PilaniDubai Campus Dubai UAE
| | | | - Amit Kumar Nayak
- Department of PharmaceuticsSeemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Mayurbhanj India
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Krishna KV, Wadhwa G, Alexander A, Kanojia N, Saha RN, Kukreti R, Singhvi G, Dubey SK. Design and Biological Evaluation of Lipoprotein-Based Donepezil Nanocarrier for Enhanced Brain Uptake through Oral Delivery. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4124-4135. [PMID: 31418556 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory and cognitive impairment. Donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for the symptomatic treatment of AD. However, high dose of donepezil is prescribed to achieve effective concentration in the brain, which leads to significant side effects, gastrointestinal alterations, and hepatotoxicity. In the present study, ApoE3 conjugated polymeric nanoparticles derived from diblock copolymer methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-polycaprolactone (mPEG-PCL) have been used to boost the delivery of donepezil to the brain. mPEG-PCL is an amphiphilic diblock polymer with a tendency to avoid nanoparticle uptake by phagocytic cells in the liver and can significantly reduce the gastric mucosal irritations. Moreover, ApoE3-based nanocarriers showed a promising ability to enhance brain uptake, binding to amyloid beta with high affinity and accelerating its clearance. Donepezil-loaded polymeric nanoparticles were performed by using a nanoprecipitation method and further surface modified with polysorbate 80 and ApoE3 to increase the brain bioavailability and reduce the dose. Optimization of various process parameters were performed using quality by design approach. ApoE3 polymeric nanoparticles were found to be stable in simulated gastric fluids and exhibited a sustained drug release pattern. Cellular uptake studies confirmed better neuronal uptake of the developed formulation, which is further corroborated with pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies. Orally administered ApoE3 polymeric nanoparticles resulted in significantly higher brain donepezil levels after 24 h (84.97 ± 11.54 ng/mg tissue) as compared to the pure drug (not detected), suggesting a significant role of surface coating. Together, these findings are promising and offer preclinical evidence for better brain availability of donepezil by oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Geetika Wadhwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490024, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, Delhi 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, Dubai Campus, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai 345055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, Delhi 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, Dubai Campus, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
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Dubey SK, Ram MS, Krishna KV, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Agrawal M, Ajazuddin, Saraf S, Saraf S, Alexander A. Recent Expansions on Cellular Models to Uncover the Scientific Barriers Towards Drug Development for Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:181-209. [PMID: 30671696 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the central nervous system (CNS) disorders appear as the most critical pathological threat with no proper cure. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one such condition frequently observed with the aged population and sometimes in youth too. Most of the research utilizes different animal models for in vivo study of AD pathophysiology and to investigate the potency of the newly developed therapy. These in vivo models undoubtably provide a powerful investigation tool to study human brain. Although, it sometime fails to mimic the exact environment and responses as the human brain owing to the distinctive genetic and anatomical features of human and rodent brain. In such condition, the in vitro cell model derived from patient specific cell or human cell lines can recapitulate the human brain environment. In addition, the frequent use of animals in research increases the cost of study and creates various ethical issues. Instead, the use of in vitro cellular models along with animal models can enhance the translational values of in vivo models and represent a better and effective mean to investigate the potency of therapeutics. This strategy also limits the excessive use of laboratory animal during the drug development process. Generally, the in vitro cell lines are cultured from AD rat brain endothelial cells, the rodent models, human astrocytes, human brain capillary endothelial cells, patient derived iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) and also from the non-neuronal cells. During the literature review process, we observed that there are very few reviews available which describe the significance and characteristics of in vitro cell lines, for AD investigation. Thus, in the present review article, we have compiled the various in vitro cell lines used in AD investigation including HBMEC, BCECs, SHSY-5Y, hCMEC/D3, PC-2 cell line, bEND3 cells, HEK293, hNPCs, RBE4 cells, SK-N-MC, BMVECs, CALU-3, 7W CHO, iPSCs and cerebral organoids cell lines and different types of culture media such as SCM, EMEM, DMEM/F12, RPMI, EBM and 3D-cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Munnangi Siva Ram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, Chhattisgarh, India.,Hemchand Yadav University, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491 001, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India.
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Dubey SK, Singhvi G, Krishna KV, Agnihotri T, Saha RN, Gupta G. Herbal Medicines in Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Evolutionary Approach through Novel Drug Delivery System. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2018; 37:199-208. [PMID: 30317971 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2018027246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are one of the most debilitating, chronic, and often irreversible disorders of the brain and have gained a widespread attention of researchers. Since current therapeutics seem to be inadequate treatment of these disorders, scientists are exploring their options with herbal drugs. This review discusses herbal constituents with the potential to treat neurological disorders. These herbal drugs, when combined with a novel delivery system, provide added advantages to nanocarrier systems. The review also presents research on different herbals through liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles. The data are collected from various online databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, references from relevant review articles, and other official publications. Broad search term criteria are followed for searches so that all pertinent information is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
| | | | - Tejas Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
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Singhvi G, Kumar V, Ukawala R, Saha RN. Development of Bioanalytical HPLC Method for Estimation of Milnacipran Hydrochloride in Rabbit Plasma Using Solid Phase Extraction Technique and its Application in Pharmacokinetic Investigation. CURR PHARM ANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412913666161129145436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ravi Ukawala
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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Singhvi G, Shukla VK, Ukawala R, Gampa G, Saha RN. Development of a new, rapid and sensitive HPTLC method for estimation of Milnacipran in bulk, formulation and compatibility study. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
The difference in tissue distribution of Ketorolac and its enantiomers were investigated in wistar rats. Separate high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for determination of Ketorolac and its enantiomers. Oyster BDS (150 × 4.6 mm id., 5 μm particle size) column was used for determination of concentration of Ketorolac. Ketorolac enantiomers were determined using Chiral-AGP column (100 × 4.0 mm I.D., particle size 5 μ, Chrom tech Ltd, Sweden). Detection was done at wavelength of 322 nm using an ultraviolet detector in the analytical system. Ketorolac enantiomers exhibit difference in their disposition in Wistar rats. In kidney, there was a significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters. The Cmax was nearly 4 times and AUC 0-∞ was found to be more than double for S (-) Ketorolac than that of R (+) Ketorolac. MRT, Ke and t1/2 differ significantly in kidney. In liver, Cmax was found to be approximately 69% higher for S (-) Ketorolac compared to R (+) Ketorolac. AUC 0-∞ did not differ significantly for the enantiomers in liver. In liver, S (-) Ketorolac eliminated very fast in comparison to R (+) Ketorolac having t1/2 (one third) in comparison to R (+) Ketorolac. In lungs, there was no difference observed for Cmax and other parameters but AUC 0-∞ was found to be marginally higher for S (-) ketorolac.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India
| | - A Anand
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India
| | - R N Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India
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Singhvi G, Parmar N, Patel N, Narayan Saha R. Novel multi granules controlled release tablets of milnacipran: Design with simplex lattice, in-vitro characterization and pharmacokinetic predictions. J Young Pharm 2014. [DOI: 10.5530/jyp.2014.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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36
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Snehalatha M, Kolachina V, Saha RN, Babbar AK, Sharma N, Sharma RK. Enhanced tumor uptake, biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of etoposide loaded nanoparticles in Dalton's lymphoma tumor bearing mice. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2013; 5:290-7. [PMID: 24302837 PMCID: PMC3831742 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.120081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotechnology plays a remarkable role in the field of the treatment of Lymphomas associated with tumor. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to determine and to compare the tumor uptake, biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled etoposide and etoposide loaded nanoparticles in Dalton's Lymphoma tumor bearing mice and healthy mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Etoposide loaded nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation technique using the poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) in the presence of Pluronic F 68 (F 68) as a stabilizer and characterized by particle size analyzer, zeta potential and transmission electron microscope. Etoposide and etoposide loaded nanoparticles were labeled with Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) by the direct method and various quality control tests were carried out. The labeling parameters like labeling efficiency, stability, etc., were optimized to get high labeling efficiency as well as stability of the labeled formulations. Tc-99m labeled formulations were administered intravenously in Balb C mice and their biodistribution and pharmacokinetics were determined. RESULTS Mean size of the etoposide loaded PLGA nanoparticles was found to be 105.1 nm. The concentration of both free etoposide and nanoparticles increased with time and showed higher tumor concentrations of both free etoposide and nanoparticles increased with time and showed higher retention, indicating their applicability in effective and prolonged tumor therapy. Nuclear scintigraphic images confirm the presence of labeled complexes at the site of tumor for 24 h at higher concentration than in the normal muscles. CONCLUSION This study indicated higher tumor affinity and targeting properties of etoposide loaded nanoparticles than free etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Movva Snehalatha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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Dubey SK, Duddelly S, Jangala H, Saha RN. Rapid and Sensitive Reverse-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Estimation of Ketorolac in Pharmaceuticals Using Weighted Regression. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 75:89-93. [PMID: 23901166 PMCID: PMC3719155 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A reliable, rapid and sensitive isocratic reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for assay of ketorolac tromethamine in tablets and ophthalmic dosage forms using diclofenac sodium as an internal standard. An isocratic separation of ketorolac tromethamine was achieved on Oyster BDS (150×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size) column using mobile phase of methanol:acetonitrile:sodium dihydrogen phosphate (20 mM; pH 5.5) (50:10:40, %v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The eluents were monitored at 322 nm for ketorolac and at 282 nm for diclofenac sodium with a photodiode array detector. The retention times of ketorolac and diclofenac sodium were found to be 1.9 min and 4.6 min, respectively. Response was a linear function of drug concentration in the range of 0.01-15 μg/ml (R2=0.994; linear regression model using weighing factor 1/x2) with a limit of detection and quantification of 0.002 μg/ml and 0.007 μg/ml, respectively. The % recovery and % relative standard deviation values indicated the method was accurate and precise.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, India
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Saha RN, Dudek SM. Splitting hares and tortoises: a classification of neuronal immediate early gene transcription based on poised RNA polymerase II. Neuroscience 2013; 247:175-81. [PMID: 23711585 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Immediate early transcription is an integral part of the neuronal response to environmental stimulation and serves many brain processes including development, learning, triggers of programmed cell death, and reaction to injury and drugs. Following a stimulus, neurons express a select few genes within a short period of time without undergoing de novo protein translation. Referred to as the 'gateway to genetic response', these immediate early genes (IEGs) are either expressed within a few minutes of stimulation or later within the hour. In neuronal IEGs that are expressed rapidly, productive elongation in response to neuronal activity is jump-started by constitutive transcription initiation together with RNA polymerase II stalling in the vicinity of the promoter. IEGs expressed later in the hour do not depend on this mechanism. On the basis of this Polymerase II poising, we propose that the immediate early genes can be grouped in two distinct classes: the rapid and the delayed IEGs. The possible biological relevance of these classes in neurons is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Saha
- Synaptic and Developmental Plasticity Group, Laboratory of Neurobiology, NIEHS, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
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Dubey SK, Hemanth J, Venkatesh K C, Saha RN, Pasha S. New chiral reverse phase HPLC method for enantioselective analysis of ketorolac using chiral AGP column. J Pharm Anal 2012; 2:462-465. [PMID: 29403784 PMCID: PMC5760942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, specific, precise, sensitive and rapid reverse phase-HPLC method was developed for determination of ketorolac enantiomers, a potent nonnarcotic analgesic in pharmaceutical formulations. The method was developed on a chiral AGP column. Mobile phase was 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 4.5): Isopropanol (98:2, v/v), at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with run time of 15 min. Ultraviolet detection was made at 322 nm. The linearity range was 0.02–10 μg/mL for each of the enantiomers. The mobile phase composition was systematically studied to find the optimum chromatographic conditions. Validation of the method under the conditions selected showed that it was selective and precise and that the detector response was linear function of ketorolac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India
| | - Jangala Hemanth
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India
| | | | - R N Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India
| | - S Pasha
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India
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Kollipara S, Bende G, Saha RN. Rapid and sensitive liquid chromatographic method for determination of Paclitaxel from parenteral formulation and nanoparticles. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 72:465-70. [PMID: 21218057 PMCID: PMC3013583 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.73914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and fast reversed phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for estimation of paclitaxel in commercially available parenteral formulation and nanoparticles. Separations were carried out using mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 20 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (45:55, v/v) on Lichrocart® C18 analytical column at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and detection wavelength of 230 nm. The developed method exhibited linearity over an analytical range of 50-2000 ng/ml with regression equation, mean peak area= 137.58 concentration (ng/ml)+1765.94, (R2 =0.9999). The method demonstrated selectivity with no interfering peaks eluting near the vicinity of drug peak. The method was found to be sensitive with detection and quantification limits of 7.57 ng/ml and 22.94 ng/ml. The method has shown consistent and good recoveries from parenteral formulation (100.06±0.86%) and nanoparticles (100.43±0.91%). The method was successfully employed for the analysis of in vitro release study samples of nanoparticle formulation. The method was also applied for determination of paclitaxel content in various pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kollipara
- Formulation Development and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-333 031, India
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Nayek S, Satpati S, Gupta S, Saha RN, Datta JK. Assessment of air pollution stress on some commonly grown tree species in industrial zone of Durgapur, West Bengal, India. J Environ Sci Eng 2011; 53:57-64. [PMID: 22324147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with the biochemical responses of some selected tree species with respect to increased air pollution in Durgapur industrial city in India. Areas in vicinity to industries possess very high concentrations of suspended particulate matter (571 microg/m3), SOx (132 microg/m3) and NOx (97 microg/m3) which shows significant correlations (p < 0.05) with the biochemical constituents of stressed plants. Plants growing in industrial zone exhibit a considerable decline in total chlorophyll (34.97-59.81%), soluble sugars (23.85-33.16%) and protein content (21.59-47.13%) and increase in ascorbic acid (81.87-238.53%) and proline content (123.47-284.91%). Of the studied tree species, Shorea robusta (9.78 +/- 0.095), Alstonia scholaris (8.76 +/- 0.084), Peltophorum pterocarpum (8.99 +/- 0.13) and Albizia lebbeck (7.71 +/- 0.012) were found to be more tolerant with higher Air Pollution Toblerance Index (APTI) and Tectona grandis (6.13 +/- 0.276), Lagerstroemia speciosa (7.075 +/- 0.18) and Delonix regia (6.87 +/- 0.079) were sensitive with lower APTI values. Therefore, plant species with higher APTI value, being more resistant, can be used as pollutant absorbent to reduce the pollution level and are suitable for plantations in industrial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nayek
- Department of Environmental Science,The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal--713 104, India
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Gupta S, Nayek S, Saha RN. Temporal changes and depth wise variations in pit pond hydrochemistry contaminated with industrial effluents with special emphasis on metal distribution in water-sediment system. J Hazard Mater 2010; 183:125-131. [PMID: 20674171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The investigation showed pronounced temporal and vertical variations of pit lake-water chemistry contaminated with industrial effluents. An intermixing layer of few meters at a depth of 5-8 m usually separates an upper oxic epilimnion with alkaline pH from deeper sub-oxic/anoxic zone with relatively lower pH. Metal concentrations were in higher magnitude at anoxic zone in comparison to surface layer. Most of the parameters including metals showed higher concentrations during summer, while least concentrations were observed during monsoon. In shallow sediments, metals were mainly in insoluble-residual form, while redox metals were fractionated as oxihydroxide-reducible form. Geoaccumulation of metals in bottom sediments were Fe>Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd>Mn>Zn. Toxicity assessment showed that pit pond water is highly contaminated (C(d)=7.52) and moderate pollution load (PLI=2.272) in shallow sediments, with metal evaluation index (HEI) value of 11.08 and 15.91 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag 713104, West Bengal, India
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Nayek S, Gupta S, Saha RN. Metal accumulation and its effects in relation to biochemical response of vegetables irrigated with metal contaminated water and wastewater. J Hazard Mater 2010; 178:588-595. [PMID: 20176438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural application of metal contaminated water resulted in elevated concentrations of metals in irrigated soil and vegetables. Metal enrichment in irrigated soil is in the sequence of Cr>Fe>Pb>Mn>Zn>Cu>Cd. High metal translocation was observed from soil to plants with varied accumulation pattern in different species. Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr showed higher translocation to the aerial parts, while Cd, Pb exhibits their restricted mobility and concentrated in roots and stems. Hyperaccumulation of metals in vegetative parts resulted significant decrease (p<0.05) in total chlorophyll and soluble sugars, with elevated (p<0.05) protein and proline content in cultivated vegetables. Oxidative stress due to high metal concentrations significantly induced (p<0.05) the antioxidant-enzyme activity. Peroxidase (52-206%) and catalase (40-106%) activity was noticeably higher in all the examined species, while enhanced activity of ascorbate peroxidase (70-78%) was observed in pea and spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nayek
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
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Abstract
Oral controlled release formulations of rifampicin have been developed by using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose polymer at different ratios. From in vitro release data, we found that the release was extended with an increase of polymer proportion from 20% to 40%. However, increase in polymer beyond 40% resulted in no significant change in the release rate. There was a distinct difference in the release rate and release character due to variation in the compression force. The release kinetics were analyzed using Ritger and Peppas exponential equation. Stability studies at ambient storage conditions for 1 year showed that formulations were stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Hiremath
- Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
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45
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Ravi PR, Kotreka UK, Saha RN. Controlled release matrix tablets of zidovudine: effect of formulation variables on the in vitro drug release kinetics. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:302-13. [PMID: 18446496 PMCID: PMC2976876 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-007-9030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to design oral controlled release (CR) matrix tablets of zidovudine (AZT) using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), ethyl cellulose (EC) and carbopol-971P (CP) and to study the effect of various formulation factors on in vitro drug release. Release studies were carried out using USP type 1 apparatus in 900 ml of dissolution media. Release kinetics were analyzed using zero-order, Higuchi's square root and Ritger-Peppas' empirical equations. Release rate decreased with increase in polymer proportion and compression force. The release rate was lesser in formulations prepared using CP (20%) as compared to HPMC (20%) as compared to EC (20%). No significant difference was observed in the effect of pH of dissolution media on drug release from formulations prepared using HPMC or EC, but significant difference was observed in CP based formulations. Decrease in agitation speed from 100 to 50 rpm decreased release rate from HPMC and CP formulations but no significant difference was observed in EC formulations. Mechanism of release was found to be dependent predominantly on diffusion of drug through the matrix than polymer relaxation incase of HPMC and EC formulations, while polymer relaxation had a dominating influence on drug release than diffusion incase of CP formulations. Designed CR tablets with pH independent drug release characteristics and an initial release of 17-25% in first hour and extending the release up to 16-20 h, can overcome the disadvantages associated with conventional tablets of AZT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punna Rao Ravi
- Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan India
| | - Udaya Kanth Kotreka
- Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan India
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Ravi PR, Ganga S, Saha RN. Design and in Vitro Evaluation of Zidovudine Oral Controlled Release Tablets Prepared Using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:518-24. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Punna Rao Ravi
- Pharmacy Group, Faculty Division III, Birla Institute of Technology and Science
| | - Sindhura Ganga
- Pharmacy Group, Faculty Division III, Birla Institute of Technology and Science
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to design oral controlled release matrix tablets of lamivudine using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as the retardant polymer and to study the effect of various formulation factors such as polymer proportion, polymer viscosity, and compression force on the in vitro release of drug. In vitro release studies were performed using US Pharmacopeia type 1 apparatus (basket method) in 900 mL of pH 6.8 phosphate buffer at 100 rpm. The release kinetics were analyzed using the zero-order model equation, Higuchi's square-root equation, and the Ritger-Peppas empirical equation. Compatibility of the drug with various excipients was studied. In vitro release studies revealed that the release rate decreased with increase in polymer proportion and viscosity grade. Increase in compression force was found to decrease the rate of drug release. Matrix tablets containing 60% HPMC 4000 cps were found to show good initial release (26% in first hour) and extended the release up to 16 hours. Matrix tablets containing 80% HPMC 4000 cps and 60% HPMC 15,000 cps showed a first-hour release of 22% but extended the release up to 20 hours. Mathematical analysis of the release kinetics indicated that the nature of drug release from the matrix tablets was dependent on drug diffusion and polymer relaxation and therefore followed non-Fickian or anomalous release. No incompatibility was observed between the drug and excipients used in the formulation of matrix tablets. The developed controlled release matrix tablets of lamivudine, with good initial release (20%-25% in first hour) and extension of release up to 16 to 20 hours, can overcome the disadvantages of conventional tablets of lamivudine.
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Datta JK, Chakraborty S, Gupta S, Saha RN, Mondal N. Screening of wheat varieties and associated bacterial population in old alluvial soil of Burdwan, West Bengal. J Environ Biol 2007; 28:11-4. [PMID: 17717978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to screen out the best variety of wheat (Triticum aestivum) out of eight varieties (viz., HP 1633, BW 11, NW 1014, Sonalika, HUW 468, K 9107, HP 1731 and HUW 234), a field experiment was conducted (from Dec. 2002 to April 2003) in a randomized block design replicated thrice at Crop Research and Seed Multiplication Farm, Burdwan University, West Bengal, India. Various morpho physiological parameters viz., plant population, length of shoot and root, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf area duration (LAD), net assimilation rate (NAR), yield attributes viz., length of panicles, number of grains per panicle, grain yield, straw yield, pigment content in flag leaf (chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll and carotenoid content) were estimated and analyzed statistically Soil bacterial populations were also estimated in the fallow land before sowing of seeds and after harvesting of crop. The HUW 468 variety records higher grain yield, maximum panicle length and maximum chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Datta
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan - 713 104, India.
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49
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Snehalatha M, Saha RN. New, sensitive and validated spectrofluorimetric method for the estimation of etoposide in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Pharmazie 2006; 61:664-6. [PMID: 16964705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A new, simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the routine estimation of etoposide, an anticancer drug, in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulations. The medium selected for the estimation of etoposide was methanol : phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) in a ratio of 70 : 30 v/v. Excitation and emission wavelengths used were 240 and 324 nm respectively. The method was validated according to ICH and U.S.P guidelines. Linearity range was 200-1000 ng/ml with detection and quantitation limits of 23 ng/ml and 72 ng/ml respectively. Regression equation obtained was Fluorescence Intensity = 6.704 (Concentration in ng/ml) + 115.4. The drug was found to be stable and there was no interference from the excipients present in different formulations of etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Snehalatha
- Pharmacy Group, Faculty Division III, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani-333031, Rajasthan, India
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50
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Krishna KV, Saha RN, Dubey SK. P3‐045: SYNTHESIS AND PRECLINICAL NEUROPROTECTIVE POTENCY OF MEMANTINE‐ALPHA LIPOIC ACID CONJUGATE IN COGNITIVE DISORDERS. Alzheimers Dement 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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