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Hsu TI, Chen YP, Zhang RL, Chen ZA, Wu CH, Chang WC, Mou CY, Chan HWH, Wu SH. Overcoming the Blood-Brain Tumor Barrier with Docetaxel-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Treatment of Temozolomide-Resistant Glioblastoma. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:21722-21735. [PMID: 38629735 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
While temozolomide (TMZ) has been a cornerstone in the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM), a significant challenge has been the emergence of resistance to TMZ, which compromises its clinical benefits. Additionally, the nonspecificity of TMZ can lead to detrimental side effects. Although TMZ is capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), our research addresses the need for targeted therapy to circumvent resistance mechanisms and reduce off-target effects. This study introduces the use of PEGylated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) with octyl group modifications (C8-MSN) as a nanocarrier system for the delivery of docetaxel (DTX), providing a novel approach for treating TMZ-resistant GBM. Our findings reveal that C8-MSN is biocompatible in vitro, and DTX@C8-MSN shows no hemolytic activity at therapeutic concentrations, maintaining efficacy against GBM cells. Crucially, in vivo imaging demonstrates preferential accumulation of C8-MSN within the tumor region, suggesting enhanced permeability across the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB). When administered to orthotopic glioma mouse models, DTX@C8-MSN notably prolongs survival by over 50%, significantly reduces tumor volume, and decreases side effects compared to free DTX, indicating a targeted and effective approach to treatment. The apoptotic pathways activated by DTX@C8-MSN, evidenced by the increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP, point to a potent therapeutic mechanism. Collectively, the results advocate DTX@C8-MSN as a promising candidate for targeted therapy in TMZ-resistant GBM, optimizing drug delivery and bioavailability to overcome current therapeutic limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-I Hsu
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chen
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Lin Zhang
- Nano Targeting & Therapy Biopharma Inc., Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Zih-An Chen
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Wu
- Nano Targeting & Therapy Biopharma Inc., Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yuan Mou
- Nano Targeting & Therapy Biopharma Inc., Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Si-Han Wu
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Du K, Li X, Feng F. Polymer-Drug Conjugates Codeliver a Temozolomide Intermediate and Nitric Oxide for Enhanced Chemotherapy against Glioblastoma Multiforme. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:1810-1819. [PMID: 38403964 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Polymer-drug conjugates (PDCs) provide possibilities for the development of multiresponsive drug delivery and release platforms utilized in cancer therapy. The delivery of Temozolomide (TMZ, a DNA methylation agent) by PDCs has been developed to improve TMZ stability under physiological conditions for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM); however, with inefficient chemotherapeutic efficacy. In this work, we synthesized an amphiphilic triblock copolymer (P1-SNO) with four pendant functionalities, including (1) a TMZ intermediate (named MTIC) as a prodrug moiety, (2) a disulfide bond as a redox-responsive trigger to cage MTIC, (3) S-nitrosothiol as a light/heat-responsive donor of nitric oxide (NO), and (4) a poly(ethylene glycol) chain to enable self-assembly in aqueous media. P1-SNO was demonstrated to liberate MTIC in the presence of reduced glutathione and release gaseous NO upon exposure to light or heat. The in vitro results revealed a synergistic effect of released MTIC and NO on both TMZ-sensitive and TMZ-resistant GBM cells. The environment-responsive PDC system for codelivery of MTIC and NO is promising to overcome the efficacy issue in TMZ-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Regeneration, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, Hunan, China
| | - Fude Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Du K, Xia Q, Sun J, Feng F. Visible Light and Glutathione Dually Responsive Delivery of a Polymer-Conjugated Temozolomide Intermediate for Glioblastoma Chemotherapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:55851-55861. [PMID: 34788006 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is a prodrug of 5-(3-methyltriazene-1-yl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC, short-lived) and used as a first-line therapy drug for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, little progress has been made in regulating the kinetics of TMZ to MTIC degradation to improve the therapeutic effect, particularly in the case of TMZ-resistant GBM. In this work, we introduced a strategy to cage MTIC by N-acylation of the triazene moiety to boost the MTIC stability, designed a diblock copolymer-based MTIC prodrug installed with a disulfide linkage, and achieved self-assembled polymer micelles without the concern of MTIC leakage under physiological conditions. Polymer micelles could be induced to disassemble by stimuli factors such as glutathione (GSH) and visible light irradiation through thiol/sulfide exchange and homolytic sulfide scission mechanisms, which contributed to MTIC release in GSH-dependent and GSH-independent pathways. The in vitro results demonstrated that microenvironment-responsive polymeric micelles benefited the suppression of both TMZ-sensitive and TMZ-resistant GBM cells. The chemistry of polymer-MTIC prodrug provided a new option for TMZ-based glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Du
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiuyu Xia
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fude Feng
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Fadera S, Chen PY, Liu HL, Lee IC. Induction Therapy of Retinoic Acid with a Temozolomide-Loaded Gold Nanoparticle-Associated Ultrasound Effect on Glioblastoma Cancer Stem-Like Colonies. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:32845-32855. [PMID: 34235925 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive glioma. The treatment response is always low, and the condition is typically rapidly fatal. The undifferentiated and self-renewal characteristics of cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been reported, and their potential contribution may cause tumor initiation, recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. In particular, glioblastoma stem-like cells exhibit highly invasive properties and drug resistance, serving as a model for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Induction therapy provides an alternative therapeutic strategy to eliminate the stem cell properties of CSCs and enhance therapeutic sensitivity. The differentiated cells may lose their self-renewal ability, downregulate stem cell-related genes and drug resistance genes, and enhance anticancer drug sensitivity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish a niche for glioblastoma stem-like cell selection as a platform and facilitate the assessment of differentiation therapy on GBM cancer stem-like colonies by retinoic acid (RA) with temozolomide (TMZ)-loaded gold nanoparticles (GNPs) associated with low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS). Herein, a hyaluronic acid-based material system was used to isolate GBM cancer stem-like colonies. Colony formation, size determination, stem cell-related marker expression, and GBM cancer stem-like cell marker expression with the culture period were identified. The effect of TMZ on GBM stem-like colonies on HA-based material systems was also determined, and the results revealed that drug resistance was highly enhanced in GBM colonies compared with that in the control cell population. In addition, GBM colonies also exhibited a significant increase in breast cancer resistance protein expression, which is consistent with the drug resistance effect. Furthermore, several factors, including LIUS, RA, and GNPs, were used to determine the possibility of induction therapy. RA with TMZ-loaded GNP-associated LIUS stimulation exhibited a significant and synergistic effect on the differentiation effect and drug sensitivity enhancement. The GBM cancer stem-like colony system presents an opportunity for the development of new therapeutic strategies, and this study provides an alternative differentiation therapy for malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siaka Fadera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung branch 20401, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Li Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - I-Chi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
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Cheng CL, Chan MH, Feng SJ, Hsiao M, Liu RS. Long-Term Near-Infrared Signal Tracking of the Therapeutic Changes of Glioblastoma Cells in Brain Tissue with Ultrasound-Guided Persistent Luminescent Nanocomposites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:6099-6108. [PMID: 33507729 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a physical barrier that selectively prevents certain substances from entering the brain through the blood. The BBB protects the brain from germs and causes difficulty in intracranial treatment. The chemotherapy drug temozolomide (TMZ), embedded in nanobubbles (NBs) and combined with persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNs), has been used to treat glioblastoma (GBM) effectively through image tracking. Through ultrasound induction, NBs produce cavitation that temporarily opens the BBB. Additionally, the PLNs release near-infrared emission and afterglow, which can penetrate deep tissues and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of bioimages. In this work, the nanosystem crossed the BBB for drug delivery and image tracking over time, allowing the enhancement of the drug's therapeutic effect on GBM. We hope that this nanosystem can be applied to the treatment of different brain diseases by embedding different drugs in NBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Ling Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Jan Feng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Shi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Tsiailanis AD, Renziehausen A, Karakurt S, Crook T, Syed N, Tzakos AG. Encapsulation of Small Drugs in a Supramolecule Enhances Solubility, Stability, and Therapeutic Efficacy Against Glioblastoma Multiforme. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2207:175-186. [PMID: 33113136 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0920-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer occupies a high rank in the global morbidity and mortality scale with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) accounting for almost 80% of all primary tumors of the brain. Despite the increasing availability of targeted and immunotherapeutic agents, chemotherapy still plays an important role in the treatment of neoplastic diseases. Limitations to the effective use of chemotherapy such as low aqueous solubility and high toxicity have directed the scientific community's interest to the development of new therapeutic agents with enhanced efficacy and limited toxicity. Supramolecular chemistry has offered an alternative way on the design and development of new therapeutic agents as a result of their unique properties. Supramolecules can be used as drug carriers since their cavities can host a wide range of small drugs and surpass in this way the drawbacks of current therapeutic agents. Herein, we present the principles that should be followed for the encapsulation of small drugs in supramolecules with enhanced physicochemical properties and increased efficacy against glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis D Tsiailanis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexander Renziehausen
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Serdar Karakurt
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Tim Crook
- Department of Oncology, St Luke's Cancer Centre, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK
| | - Nelofer Syed
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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Du K, Xia Q, Heng H, Feng F. Temozolomide-Doxorubicin Conjugate as a Double Intercalating Agent and Delivery by Apoferritin for Glioblastoma Chemotherapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:34599-34609. [PMID: 32648735 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We designed a conjugated compound by coupling temozolomide (TMZ) with doxorubicin (DOX) via an acylhydrazone linkage as a potential prodrug used for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment. Viscosity and spectroscopic studies revealed that the drug conjugate could act as a nonclassical double intercalating agent. Although free TMZ is an inefficient DNA binder in comparison to DOX, the TMZ moiety interacted with DNA as an induced intercalator, arising from the synergistic effect of DOX moiety that mediated conformational changes of the DNA helix. Two binding modes were proposed to interpret the double intercalating effect of the drug conjugate on intra- and inter-DNA interactions that could cause DNA cross-linking and fibril aggregates. We also developed a delivery nanoplatform with a loading efficiency of 83% using copper-bound apoferritin as a nanocarrier. In sharp contrast to the short half-life of free TMZ, the nanocomposite was stable under physiological conditions without detectable drug decomposition after a 2 week storage, and drug release was activatable in the presence of glutathione at millimolar levels. The antitumor effect of the drug conjugate and nanocomposite against GBM cells was reported to demonstrate the potential therapeutic applications of double intercalating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Du
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiuyu Xia
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao Heng
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fude Feng
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Garrett MC, O’Shea TM, Wollenberg AL, Bernstein AM, Hung D, Staarman B, Soto H, Deming TJ, Sofroniew MV, Kornblum HI. Injectable diblock copolypeptide hydrogel provides platform to deliver effective concentrations of paclitaxel to an intracranial xenograft model of glioblastoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0219632. [PMID: 32706829 PMCID: PMC7380637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical resection and systemic chemotherapy with temozolomide remain the mainstay for treatment of glioblastoma. However, many patients are not candidates for surgical resection given inaccessible tumor location or poor health status. Furthermore, despite being first line treatment, temozolomide has only limited efficacy. METHODS The development of injectable hydrogel-based carrier systems allows for the delivery of a wide range of chemotherapeutics that can achieve high local concentrations, thus potentially avoiding systemic side effects and wide-spread neurotoxicity. To test this modality in a realistic environment, we developed a diblock copolypeptide hydrogel (DCH) capable of carrying and releasing paclitaxel, a compound that we found to be highly potent against primary gliomasphere cells. RESULTS The DCH produced minimal tissue reactivity and was well tolerated in the immune-competent mouse brain. Paclitaxel-loaded hydrogel induced less tissue damage, cellular inflammation and reactive astrocytes than cremaphor-taxol (typical taxol-carrier) or hydrogel alone. In a deep subcortical xenograft model of glioblastoma in immunodeficient mice, injection of paclitaxel-loaded hydrogel led to local tumor control and improved survival. However, the tumor cells were highly migratory and were able to eventually escape the area of treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest this technology may be ultimately applicable to patients with deep-seated inoperable tumors, but as currently formulated, complete tumor eradication would be highly unlikely. Future studies should focus on targeting the migratory potential of surviving cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Garrett
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Timothy M. O’Shea
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexander L. Wollenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexander M. Bernstein
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Derek Hung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Brittany Staarman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Horacio Soto
- Department of Neurosurgery David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Deming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Harley I. Kornblum
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Pharmacology, Pediatrics and the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Rubio-Camacho M, Encinar JA, Martínez-Tomé MJ, Esquembre R, Mateo CR. The Interaction of Temozolomide with Blood Components Suggests the Potential Use of Human Serum Albumin as a Biomimetic Carrier for the Drug. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1015. [PMID: 32659914 PMCID: PMC7408562 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of temozolomide (TMZ) (the main chemotherapeutic agent for brain tumors) with blood components has not been studied at the molecular level to date, even though such information is essential in the design of dosage forms for optimal therapy. This work explores the binding of TMZ to human serum albumin (HSA) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), as well as to blood cell-mimicking membrane systems. Absorption and fluorescence experiments with model membranes indicate that TMZ does not penetrate into the lipid bilayer, but binds to the membrane surface with very low affinity. Fluorescence experiments performed with the plasma proteins suggest that in human plasma, most of the bound TMZ is attached to HSA rather than to AGP. This interaction is moderate and likely mediated by hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic forces, which increase the hydrolytic stability of the drug. These experiments are supported by docking and molecular dynamics simulations, which reveal that TMZ is mainly inserted in the subdomain IIA of HSA, establishing π-stacking interactions with the tryptophan residue. Considering the overexpression of albumin receptors in tumor cells, our results propose that part of the administered TMZ may reach its target bound to plasma albumin and suggest that HSA-based nanocarriers are suitable candidates for designing biomimetic delivery systems that selectively transport TMZ to tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rocío Esquembre
- Instituto e investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), E-03202 Elche, Spain; (M.R.-C.); (J.A.E.); (M.J.M.-T.)
| | - C. Reyes Mateo
- Instituto e investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), E-03202 Elche, Spain; (M.R.-C.); (J.A.E.); (M.J.M.-T.)
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Bouzinab K, Summers HS, Stevens MFG, Moody CJ, Thomas NR, Gershkovich P, Weston N, Ashford MB, Bradshaw TD, Turyanska L. Delivery of Temozolomide and N3-Propargyl Analog to Brain Tumors Using an Apoferritin Nanocage. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:12609-12617. [PMID: 32073826 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a grade IV astrocytoma, which is the most aggressive form of brain tumor. The standard of care for this disease includes surgery, radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. Poor accumulation of TMZ at the tumor site, tumor resistance to drug, and dose-limiting bone marrow toxicity eventually reduce the success of this treatment. Herein, we have encapsulated >500 drug molecules of TMZ into the biocompatible protein nanocage, apoferritin (AFt), using a "nanoreactor" method (AFt-TMZ). AFt is internalized by transferrin receptor 1-mediated endocytosis and is therefore able to facilitate cancer cell uptake and enhance drug efficacy. Following encapsulation, the protein cage retained its morphological integrity and surface charge; hence, its cellular recognition and uptake are not affected by the presence of this cargo. Additional benefits of AFt include maintenance of TMZ stability at pH 5.5 and drug release under acidic pH conditions, encountered in lysosomal compartments. MTT assays revealed that the encapsulated agents displayed significantly increased antitumor activity in U373V (vector control) and, remarkably, the isogenic U373M (MGMT expressing TMZ-resistant) GBM cell lines, with GI50 values <1.5 μM for AFt-TMZ, compared to 35 and 376 μM for unencapsulated TMZ against U373V and U373M, respectively. The enhanced potency of AFt-TMZ was further substantiated by clonogenic assays. Potentiated G2/M cell cycle arrest following exposure of cells to AFt-TMZ indicated an enhanced DNA damage burden. Indeed, increased O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) adducts in cells exposed to AFt-TMZ and subsequent generation of γH2AX foci support the hypothesis that AFt significantly enhances the delivery of TMZ to cancer cells in vitro, overwhelming the direct O6-MeG repair conferred by MGMT. We have additionally encapsulated >500 molecules of the N3-propargyl imidazotetrazine analog (N3P), developed to combat TMZ resistance, and demonstrated significantly enhanced activity of AFt-N3P against GBM and colorectal carcinoma cell lines. These studies support the use of AFt as a promising nanodelivery system for targeted delivery, lysosomal drug release, and enhanced imidazotetrazine potency for treatment of GBM and wider-spectrum malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Bouzinab
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Helen S Summers
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Malcolm F G Stevens
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | | | - Neil R Thomas
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Nicola Weston
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Marianne B Ashford
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R & D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Lyudmila Turyanska
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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Abstract
Brain disorders, a diverse range of conditions comprising of neurological and psychiatric conditions, are the leading cause of disability, severely affect the quality of life, and in many cases lead to mortality. The prime challenge in treatment of brain disorders is to deliver therapeutics by overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a unique anatomical and physiological barrier which restricts the passage of a number of molecules, proteins, and cells from the bloodstream. Lipid nanoparticles have emerged as promising drug delivery systems primarily because of biodegradability, low toxicity potential, and the ability to cross physiological barriers especially the BBB even without surface modifications.In this chapter we discuss the preparation and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers of temozolomide, a chemotherapeutic drug. Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the nanocarrier system in rats revealed improved delivery of the chemotherapeutic agent to the brain with the potential of lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Khosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani, India.
| | - Kowthavarapu V Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani, India
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Marino A, Camponovo A, Degl'Innocenti A, Bartolucci M, Tapeinos C, Martinelli C, De Pasquale D, Santoro F, Mollo V, Arai S, Suzuki M, Harada Y, Petretto A, Ciofani G. Multifunctional temozolomide-loaded lipid superparamagnetic nanovectors: dual targeting and disintegration of glioblastoma spheroids by synergic chemotherapy and hyperthermia treatment. Nanoscale 2019; 11:21227-21248. [PMID: 31663592 PMCID: PMC6867905 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07976a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at finding new solutions for fighting glioblastoma multiforme, one of the most aggressive and lethal human cancer, here an in vitro validation of multifunctional nanovectors for drug delivery and hyperthermia therapy is proposed. Hybrid magnetic lipid nanoparticles have been fully characterized and tested on a multi-cellular complex model resembling the tumor microenvironment. Investigations of cancer therapy based on a physical approach (namely hyperthermia) and on a pharmaceutical approach (by exploiting the chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide) have been extensively carried out, by evaluating its antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on 3D models of glioblastoma multiforme. A systematic study of transcytosis and endocytosis mechanisms has been moreover performed with multiple complimentary investigations, besides a detailed description of local temperature increments following hyperthermia application. Finally, an in-depth proteomic analysis corroborated the obtained findings, which can be summarized in the preparation of a versatile, multifunctional, and effective nanoplatform able to overcome the blood-brain barrier and to induce powerful anti-cancer effects on in vitro complex models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Marino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.
| | - Alice Camponovo
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Degl'Innocenti
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Christos Tapeinos
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.
| | - Chiara Martinelli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.
| | - Daniele De Pasquale
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy. and Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The Biorobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Mollo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Satoshi Arai
- Kanazawa University, Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kakuma-Machi, 920-1192 Kanazawa, Japan and Waseda University, Research Institute for Science and Engineering, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, 169-8555 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Suzuki
- Osaka University, Institute for Protein Research, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-Shi, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, 332-0012 Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshie Harada
- Osaka University, Institute for Protein Research, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-Shi, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - Andrea Petretto
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy. and Politecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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Li X, Shao F, Sun J, Du K, Sun Y, Feng F. Enhanced Copper-Temozolomide Interactions by Protein for Chemotherapy against Glioblastoma Multiforme. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:41935-41945. [PMID: 31644262 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) demands dose-intense temozolomide (TMZ), a prodrug of 5-(3-methyltriazen-1-yl) imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC), based on the spontaneous hydrolysis of TMZ at basic pH. However, how to control the activity of MTIC remains unknown, which poses a particular challenge to search a reliable MTIC receptor. We reported that copper, for the first time, is found to recognize and bind MTIC in the process of TMZ degradation, which means copper can play an important role in enhancing the bioavailability of MTIC derived from TMZ. Using apoferritin as a model copper-bound protein, we studied the copper-TMZ interaction in protein and observed efficient MTIC immobilization with high binding efficiency (up to 92.9% based on original TMZ) and capacity (up to 185 MTIC moieties per protein). The system was stable against both alkaline and acidic pH and could be activated by glutathione to liberate MTIC, which paves a way to deliver a DNA-alkylating agent for both TMZ-sensitive and TMZ-resistant GBM chemotherapy. Our study provides a new insight for understanding the potential relationship between the special GBM microenvironment (specific copper accumulation) and the therapeutic effect of TMZ.
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Chen L, Zeng D, Xu N, Li C, Zhang W, Zhu X, Gao Y, Chen PR, Lin J. Blood-Brain Barrier- and Blood-Brain Tumor Barrier-Penetrating Peptide-Derived Targeted Therapeutics for Glioma and Malignant Tumor Brain Metastases. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:41889-41897. [PMID: 31615203 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Therapeutic efficacy of glioma treatment is greatly limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), which restrict the passage of most drugs into the brain and tumors. Developing drug delivery systems that cross the BBB and BBTB will aid in the treatment of glioma and malignant brain metastases. One emerging solution is to identify peptide vectors that penetrate the BBB/BBTB. Herein, a novel BBB/BBTB-penetrating peptide was identified from the phage-displayed peptide library. Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) were derived and applied to treat glioma and breast cancer brain metastases. Antitumor activity was achieved in both tumor models with synergistic effects when combined with the currently used chemotherapy drug temozolomide. The peptide reported herein can serve as a universal vector for shuttling compounds across the BBB; therefore, it may have wide applications for treating brain tumors and other CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China
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Renziehausen A, Tsiailanis AD, Perryman R, Stylos EK, Chatzigiannis C, O'Neill K, Crook T, Tzakos AG, Syed N. Encapsulation of Temozolomide in a Calixarene Nanocapsule Improves Its Stability and Enhances Its Therapeutic Efficacy against Glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1497-1505. [PMID: 31213505 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line chemotherapeutic for glioblastoma (GBM), a common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. However, its poor stability and unfavorable pharmacokinetic profile limit its clinical efficacy. There is an unmet need to tailor the therapeutic window of TMZ, either through complex derivatization or by utilizing pharmaceutical excipients. To enhance stability and aqueous solubility, we encapsulated TMZ in a p-sulphonatocalix[4]arene (Calix) nanocapsule and used 1H-NMR, LC-MS, and UV-Vis spectroscopy to chart the stability of this novel TMZ@Calix complex according to FDA and European Medicines Agency guidelines. LC-MS/MS plasma stability assays were conducted in mice to further explore the stability profile of TMZ@Calix in vivo The therapeutic efficacy of TMZ@Calix was compared with that of unbound TMZ in GBM cell lines and patient-derived primary cells with known O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression status and in vivo in an intracranial U87 xenograft mouse model. Encapsulation significantly enhanced the stability of TMZ in all conditions tested. TMZ@Calix was more potent than native TMZ at inhibiting the growth of established GBM cell lines and patient-derived primary lines expressing MGMT and highly resistant to TMZ. In vivo, native TMZ was rapidly degraded in mouse plasma, whereas the stability of TMZ@Calix was enhanced threefold with increased therapeutic efficacy in an orthotopic model. In the absence of new effective therapies, this novel formulation is of clinical importance, serving as an inexpensive and highly efficient treatment that could be made readily available to patients with GBM and warrants further preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Renziehausen
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Antonis D Tsiailanis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Richard Perryman
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Evgenios K Stylos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christos Chatzigiannis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Kevin O'Neill
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Timothy Crook
- Department of Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Institute, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nelofer Syed
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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Pang HH, Huang CY, Chou YW, Lin CJ, Zhou ZL, Shiue YL, Wei KC, Yang HW. Bioengineering fluorescent virus-like particle/RNAi nanocomplexes act synergistically with temozolomide to eradicate brain tumors. Nanoscale 2019; 11:8102-8109. [PMID: 30982841 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01247h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The proof-of-concept strategy in this study based on biodegradable and biocompatible self-assembling fluorescent virus-like particle/RNAi nanocomplexes (VLP/RNAi) produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli) followed by surface modification with a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) and an apolipoprotein E peptide (ApoEP) (dP@VLP/RNAi), which can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to inhibit the DNA repair mechanism and act synergistically with temozolomide (TMZ) for promoting clinical chemotherapy has achieved good therapeutic effects towards malignant brain tumors. The synergistic value of this study's design was verified in intracranial mouse models of glioblastomas (GBMs). Intravenous administration of this formulation enhanced the curative efficacy of TMZ by downregulating the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET) gene in GBM U87 cells. Furthermore, upon gene-chemotherapy, the methylated DNA in GBM U87 cells was significantly enhanced by inhibiting the DNA repair mechanism, leading to significant brain tumor suppression. The results of this study could be critical for the design of RNAi-based genetic therapeutics for promoting chemotherapy against brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Han Pang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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Hettiarachchi SD, Graham RM, Mintz KJ, Zhou Y, Vanni S, Peng Z, Leblanc RM. Triple conjugated carbon dots as a nano-drug delivery model for glioblastoma brain tumors. Nanoscale 2019; 11:6192-6205. [PMID: 30874284 PMCID: PMC6459689 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08970a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Most of the dual nano drug delivery systems fail to enter malignant brain tumors due to a lack of proper targeting systems and the size increase of the nanoparticles after drug conjugation. Therefore, a triple conjugated system was developed with carbon dots (C-dots), which have an average particle size of 1.5-1.7 nm. C-dots were conjugated with transferrin (the targeted ligand) and two anti-cancer drugs, epirubicin and temozolomide, to build the triple conjugated system in which the average particle size was increased only up to 3.5 nm. In vitro studies were performed with glioblastoma brain tumor cell lines SJGBM2, CHLA266, CHLA200 (pediatric) and U87 (adult). The efficacy of the triple conjugated system (dual drug conjugation along with transferrin) was compared to those of dual conjugated systems (single drug conjugation along with transferrin), non-transferrin C-dots-drugs, and free drug combinations. Transferrin conjugated samples displayed the lowest cell viability even at a lower concentration. Among the transferrin conjugated samples, the triple conjugated system (C-dots-trans-temo-epi (C-DT)) was more strongly cytotoxic to brain tumor cell lines than dual conjugated systems (C-dots-trans-temo (C-TT) and C-dots-trans-epi (C-ET)). C-DT increased the cytotoxicity to 86% in SJGBM2 at 0.01 μM while C-ET and C-TT reduced it only to 33 and 8%, respectively. Not only did triple conjugated C-DT increase the cytotoxicity, but also the two-drug combination in C-DT displayed a synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajini D. Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA. ; Fax: +1-305-284-6367; Tel: +1-305-284-2194
| | - Regina M. Graham
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA. ; Tel: +1-305-321-4972
| | - Keenan J. Mintz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA. ; Fax: +1-305-284-6367; Tel: +1-305-284-2194
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA. ; Fax: +1-305-284-6367; Tel: +1-305-284-2194
| | - Steven Vanni
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA. ; Tel: +1-305-321-4972
| | - Zhilli Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA. ; Fax: +1-305-284-6367; Tel: +1-305-284-2194
| | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA. ; Fax: +1-305-284-6367; Tel: +1-305-284-2194
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Erickson AE, Levengood SKL, Sun J, Chang FC, Zhang M. Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan-Hyaluronic Acid Scaffolds with Varying Stiffness for Glioblastoma Cell Culture. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800295. [PMID: 29893067 PMCID: PMC6116517 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The invasive and recurrent nature of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is linked to a small subpopulation of cancer cells, which are self-renewing, resistant to standard treatment regimens, and induce formation of new tumors. Matrix stiffness is implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation, drug resistance, and reversion to a more invasive phenotype. Therefore, understanding the relationship between matrix stiffness and tumor cell behavior is vital to develop appropriate in vitro tumor models. Here, chitosan-hyaluronic acid (CHA) polyelectrolyte complex scaffolds are fabricated with statistically significant stiffness variances to characterize the effect of scaffold stiffness on morphology, proliferation, drug resistance, and gene expression in human glioblastoma cells (U-87 MG). All scaffolds support GBM proliferation over a 12-day culture period, yet larger spheroids are observed in scaffolds with higher stiffness. Additionally, GBM cells cultured in stiffer CHA scaffolds prove significantly more resistant to the common chemotherapeutic temozolomide. Moreover, the stiffer 8% CHA scaffolds exhibit an increase in expression of drug resistance and invasion related genes compared to 2D culture. CHA scaffolds present a tunable microenvironment for enhanced tumor cell malignancy and may provide a valuable in vitro microenvironment for studying tumor progression and screening anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane E. Erickson
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA,
| | - Sheeny K. Lan Levengood
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA,
| | - Jialu Sun
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA,
| | - Fei-Chien Chang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA,
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA,
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Prabhu S, Goda JS, Mutalik S, Mohanty BS, Chaudhari P, Rai S, Udupa N, Rao BSS. A polymeric temozolomide nanocomposite against orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft: tumor-specific homing directed by nestin. Nanoscale 2017; 9:10919-10932. [PMID: 28731079 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00305f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma faces challenges such as modulating the blood brain barrier (BBB) for drug influx and selectively targeting tumor cells. Nanocarrier drug delivery strategies are functionalized to enhance vascular permeability. We engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) based polymeric nanocomposites (84.37 ± 12.37 nm / 101.56 ± 7.42 nm) embedding temozolomide (TMZ) targeted against glioblastoma by tagging an antibody against nestin, a stem cell marker, and transferrin / polysorbate-80 to permeate the BBB. The targeting and therapeutic efficacy of the nanocomposite resulted in enhanced permeability across the BBB in an orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft model. Sustained release of TMZ from the nanocomposite contributed to enhanced tumor cell death while sparing normal brain cells as evidenced through micro SPECT/CT analysis. The functionalized nanocomposites showed significant reductions in tumor volume compared to pure TMZ, as substantiated by reduced proliferation markers such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67. We report here a novel targeted TMZ delivery strategy using a potent homing moiety, nestin, tagged to a polymeric nanocomposite to target glioblastoma. In addition to tumor targeting, this study constitutes a broad horizon for enhanced therapeutic efficacy with further scope for capitalizing on the magnetic properties of SPION for targeted killing of cancer cells while sparing normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Prabhu
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal - 576 104, Karnataka, India.
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