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Argyropoulos GPD, Moore L, Loane C, Roca-Fernandez A, Lage-Martinez C, Gurau O, Irani SR, Zeman A, Butler CR. Pathologic tearfulness after limbic encephalitis: A novel disorder and its neural basis. Neurology 2020; 94:e1320-e1335. [PMID: 31980582 PMCID: PMC7274928 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We investigated the nature and neural foundations of pathologic tearfulness in a uniquely large cohort of patients who had presented with autoimmune limbic encephalitis (aLE). Methods We recruited 38 patients (26 men, 12 women; median age 63.06 years; interquartile range [IQR] 16.06 years) in the postacute phase of aLE who completed questionnaires probing emotion regulation. All patients underwent structural/functional MRI postacutely, along with 67 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (40 men, 27 women; median age 64.70 years; IQR 19.87 years). We investigated correlations of questionnaire scores with demographic, clinical, neuropsychological, and brain imaging data across patients. We also compared patients diagnosed with pathologic tearfulness and those without, along with healthy controls, on gray matter volume, resting-state functional connectivity, and activity. Results Pathologic tearfulness was reported by 50% of the patients, while no patient reported pathologic laughing. It was not associated with depression, impulsiveness, memory impairment, executive dysfunction in the postacute phase, or amygdalar abnormalities in the acute phase. It correlated with changes in specific emotional brain networks: volume reduction in the right anterior hippocampus, left fusiform gyrus, and cerebellum, abnormal hippocampal resting-state functional connectivity with the posteromedial cortex and right middle frontal gyrus, and abnormal hemodynamic activity in the left fusiform gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule, and ventral pons. Conclusions Pathologic tearfulness is common following aLE, is not a manifestation of other neuropsychiatric features, and reflects abnormalities in networks of emotion regulation beyond the acute hippocampal focus. The condition, which may also be present in other neurologic disorders, provides novel insights into the neural basis of affective control and its dysfunction in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios P D Argyropoulos
- From the Memory Research Group (G.P.D.A., L.M., C.L., A.R.-F., C.L.-M., O.G., C.R.B.) and Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford; Department of Psychology (L.M.), University of Bath; Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department (C.L.), King's College London, UK; Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (C.L.-M.), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Medical School (A.Z.), University of Exeter, UK; Department of Brain Sciences (C.R.B.) Imperial College London, UK; and Departamento de Neurología (C.R.B.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago.
| | - Lauren Moore
- From the Memory Research Group (G.P.D.A., L.M., C.L., A.R.-F., C.L.-M., O.G., C.R.B.) and Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford; Department of Psychology (L.M.), University of Bath; Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department (C.L.), King's College London, UK; Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (C.L.-M.), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Medical School (A.Z.), University of Exeter, UK; Department of Brain Sciences (C.R.B.) Imperial College London, UK; and Departamento de Neurología (C.R.B.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
| | - Clare Loane
- From the Memory Research Group (G.P.D.A., L.M., C.L., A.R.-F., C.L.-M., O.G., C.R.B.) and Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford; Department of Psychology (L.M.), University of Bath; Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department (C.L.), King's College London, UK; Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (C.L.-M.), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Medical School (A.Z.), University of Exeter, UK; Department of Brain Sciences (C.R.B.) Imperial College London, UK; and Departamento de Neurología (C.R.B.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
| | - Adriana Roca-Fernandez
- From the Memory Research Group (G.P.D.A., L.M., C.L., A.R.-F., C.L.-M., O.G., C.R.B.) and Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford; Department of Psychology (L.M.), University of Bath; Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department (C.L.), King's College London, UK; Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (C.L.-M.), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Medical School (A.Z.), University of Exeter, UK; Department of Brain Sciences (C.R.B.) Imperial College London, UK; and Departamento de Neurología (C.R.B.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
| | - Carmen Lage-Martinez
- From the Memory Research Group (G.P.D.A., L.M., C.L., A.R.-F., C.L.-M., O.G., C.R.B.) and Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford; Department of Psychology (L.M.), University of Bath; Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department (C.L.), King's College London, UK; Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (C.L.-M.), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Medical School (A.Z.), University of Exeter, UK; Department of Brain Sciences (C.R.B.) Imperial College London, UK; and Departamento de Neurología (C.R.B.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
| | - Oana Gurau
- From the Memory Research Group (G.P.D.A., L.M., C.L., A.R.-F., C.L.-M., O.G., C.R.B.) and Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford; Department of Psychology (L.M.), University of Bath; Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department (C.L.), King's College London, UK; Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (C.L.-M.), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Medical School (A.Z.), University of Exeter, UK; Department of Brain Sciences (C.R.B.) Imperial College London, UK; and Departamento de Neurología (C.R.B.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
| | - Sarosh R Irani
- From the Memory Research Group (G.P.D.A., L.M., C.L., A.R.-F., C.L.-M., O.G., C.R.B.) and Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford; Department of Psychology (L.M.), University of Bath; Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department (C.L.), King's College London, UK; Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (C.L.-M.), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Medical School (A.Z.), University of Exeter, UK; Department of Brain Sciences (C.R.B.) Imperial College London, UK; and Departamento de Neurología (C.R.B.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
| | - Adam Zeman
- From the Memory Research Group (G.P.D.A., L.M., C.L., A.R.-F., C.L.-M., O.G., C.R.B.) and Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford; Department of Psychology (L.M.), University of Bath; Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department (C.L.), King's College London, UK; Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (C.L.-M.), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Medical School (A.Z.), University of Exeter, UK; Department of Brain Sciences (C.R.B.) Imperial College London, UK; and Departamento de Neurología (C.R.B.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
| | - Christopher R Butler
- From the Memory Research Group (G.P.D.A., L.M., C.L., A.R.-F., C.L.-M., O.G., C.R.B.) and Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford; Department of Psychology (L.M.), University of Bath; Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department (C.L.), King's College London, UK; Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (C.L.-M.), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Medical School (A.Z.), University of Exeter, UK; Department of Brain Sciences (C.R.B.) Imperial College London, UK; and Departamento de Neurología (C.R.B.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
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Yu GJ, Feng Z, Berger TW. Network Activity Due to Topographic Organization of Schaffer Collaterals in a Large-Scale Model of Rat CA1. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:2977-2980. [PMID: 31946514 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Connectivity between neural regions, particularly in the hippocampus, is seldom all-to-all or random, yet it is the predominant method by which connectivity is implemented in most models of neuronal networks. We have been developing a computational platform for simulating the trisynaptic circuit of rat hippocampus with which we have constructed a large-scale, biologically-realistic, spiking neuronal network model of the entorhinal-dentate-CA3 system. Using the model, we had demonstrated a non-trivial effect of topographic connectivity on network dynamics and function. In this work, we detail the introduction of the CA1 subregion to the large-scale model. Using anatomical data, we constrained the distribution of axon collaterals, i.e., Schaffer collaterals, projected from CA3 to CA1 and preserved the topographic organization of the projections. Using a simplified multi-compartmental model of CA1 pyramidal cells and a single compartment model of CA1 parvalbumin basket cells, that were connected with disynaptic feedforward inhibition and feedback inhibition, we demonstrate the network activity of the CA1 network given a topographic organization of Schaffer collaterals. From this introduction of CA1 to the large-scale model, we can then observe the successive transformation of spatio-temporal, spiking neural activity as it propagates through the trisynaptic circuit.
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Marin‐Marin L, Costumero V, Belloch V, Escudero J, Baquero M, Parcet M, Ávila C. Effects of bilingualism on white matter atrophy in mild cognitive impairment: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:603-608. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Marin‐Marin
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group University Jaume I Castelló Spain
| | - V. Costumero
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group University Jaume I Castelló Spain
- Center for Brain and Cognition University Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- ERI Lectura University of Valencia València Spain
| | | | - J. Escudero
- Department of Neurology General Hospital of Valencia València Spain
| | - M. Baquero
- Neurology Unit University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe València Spain
| | - M.‐A. Parcet
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group University Jaume I Castelló Spain
| | - C. Ávila
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group University Jaume I Castelló Spain
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104
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Coad BM, Craig E, Louch R, Aggleton JP, Vann SD, Metzler-Baddeley C. Precommissural and postcommissural fornix microstructure in healthy aging and cognition. Brain Neurosci Adv 2020; 4:2398212819899316. [PMID: 32219177 PMCID: PMC7085915 DOI: 10.1177/2398212819899316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fornix is a key tract of the hippocampal formation, whose status is presumed to contribute to age-related cognitive decline. The precommissural and postcommissural fornix subdivisions form respective basal forebrain/frontal and diencephalic networks that may differentially affect aging and cognition. We employed multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including neurite orientation density and dispersion imaging, quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT), and T1-relaxometry MRI to investigate the microstructural properties of these fornix subdivisions and their relationship with aging and cognition in 149 asymptomatic participants (38-71 years). Aging was associated with increased free water signal and reductions in myelin-sensitive R1 and qMT indices but no apparent axon density differences in both precommissural and postcommissural fibers. Precommissural relative to postcommissural fibers showed a distinct microstructural pattern characterised by larger free water signal and axon orientation dispersion, with lower apparent myelin and axon density. Furthermore, differences in postcommissural microstructure were related to performance differences in object-location paired-associate learning. These results provide novel in vivo neuroimaging evidence for distinct microstructural properties of precommissural and postcommissural fibers that are consistent with their anatomy as found in axonal tracer studies, as well as for a contribution of postcommissural fibers to the learning of spatial configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M. Coad
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, UK
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emma Craig
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rebecca Louch
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Claudia Metzler-Baddeley
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, UK
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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105
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Yu Y, Lan DY, Tang LY, Su T, Li B, Jiang N, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y. Intrinsic functional connectivity alterations of the primary visual cortex in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a seed-based resting-state fMRI study. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820960296. [PMID: 33149884 PMCID: PMC7580186 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820960296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to investigate the differences in the intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of the primary visual cortex (V1), based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), between patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS In total, 26 patients (12 males, 14 females) with PDR and 26 HCs (12 males, 14 females), matched for sex, age, and education status, were enrolled in the study. All individuals underwent rs-fMRI scans. We acquired iFC maps and compared the differences between PDR patients and the HCs. RESULTS The PDR group had significantly increased FC between the left V1 and the right middle frontal gyrus (RMFG), and significantly reduced FC between the left V1 and the cuneus/calcarine/precuneus. In addition, the PDR patients had significantly increased FC between the right V1 and the right superior frontal gyrus (RSFG), and significantly reduced FC between the right V1 and the cuneus/calcarine/precuneus. The individual areas under the curve (AUCs) of FC values for the left V1 were as follows: RMFG (0.871, p < 0.001) and the cuneus/calcarine/precuneus (0.914, p < 0.001), while the AUCs of FC values for the right V1 were as follows: RSFG (0.895, p < 0.001) and the cuneus/calcarine/precuneus (0.918, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that, in PDR patients, altered iFC in distinct brain regions, including regions related to visual information processing and cognition. Considering the rise in the diabetes mellitus incidence rate and the consequences of PDR, the results could provide promising clues for exploring the neural mechanisms related to PDR and possible approaches for the early identification of PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li-Ying Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Eye Institute of Xiamen University; Xiamen University School of Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Eye Institute of Xiamen University; Xiamen University School of Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Eye Institute of Xiamen University; Xiamen University School of Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Rong-Bin Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qian-Min Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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106
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Wu Z, Luo Q, Wu H, Wu Z, Zheng Y, Yang Y, He J, Ding Y, Yu R, Peng H. Amplitude of Low-Frequency Oscillations in Major Depressive Disorder With Childhood Trauma. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:596337. [PMID: 33551867 PMCID: PMC7862335 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.596337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with childhood trauma is one of the functional subtypes of depression. Frequency-dependent changes in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) have been reported in MDD patients. However, there are few studies on ALFF about MDD with childhood trauma. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the ALFF in 69 MDD patients with childhood trauma (28.7 ± 9.6 years) and 30 healthy subjects (28.12 ± 4.41 years). Two frequency bands (slow-5: 0.010-0.027 Hz; slow-4: 0.027-0.073 Hz) were analyzed. Compared with controls, the MDD with childhood trauma had decreased ALFF in left S1 (Primary somatosensory cortex), and increased ALFF in left insula. More importantly, significant group × frequency interactions were found in right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Our finding may provide insights into the pathophysiology of MDD with childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoying Wu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyi Luo
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huawang Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyao Wu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Yang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfei He
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongjun Peng
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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107
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Liu R, Wu W, Ye Q, Gu Y, Zou J, Chen X, Jiang Y, Bai F, Xu Y, Wang C. Distinctive and Pervasive Alterations of Functional Brain Networks in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease with and without Cognitive Impairment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2019; 47:55-67. [PMID: 30861519 DOI: 10.1159/000496455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the within- and between-network patterns of the default mode network (DMN), the frontoparietal control network (FPCN), and the dorsal attention network (DAN) in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) with and without cognitive impairment (CI). METHODS Twenty CSVD with CI subjects, 21 CSVD without CI subjects, and 25 healthy elderly controls were recruited. The within- and between-network patterns of the networks were identified based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. RESULTS Compared with the control group, both the CSVD with CI group and the CSVD without CI group displayed decreased within-network function of the DMN and lower negative connectivity between the DMN and other networks (i.e., DMN and DAN, DMN and FPCN), whereas the CSVD with CI group additionally showed within- and between-network alterations of the FPCN (i.e., increased within-network function of the FPCN and lower negative connectivity between the FPCN and the DMN). Furthermore, these alterations of the FPCN were correlated with the cognitive function of CSVD subjects. Interestingly, the between-network connectivity of the FPCN and the DMN was negatively correlated with deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH) volume in CSVD subjects. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that cognitive alterations of CSVD subjects may be mainly regulated by the FPCN that correlates with DWMH burden, and shed light on the investigation of surrogate markers of CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Yucheng Gu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhui Zou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongcheng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China,
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108
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Lipatova O, Campolattaro MM, Picone JA. Fornix lesions impair place-, but not response-learning in the open-field tower maze. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 167:107134. [PMID: 31790811 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine hippocampal function for spatial learning in a land-based circular maze (i.e., the open-field tower maze [OFTM]). The OFTM, a task designed to be non-stressful, has been previously used to demonstrate the influence of gonadal hormones on spatial learning. Thus, determination of brain function for navigating in the OFTM provides an important extension to previous knowledge. Fornix lesions were used in the present experiment to disrupt hippocampal processing. After initial pre-training, rats received either an electrolytic fornix lesion surgery or a sham surgery. The rats from each surgical group were given either place- or response-training in the OFTM. The results showed that (1) lesioned place-learners required more trials than sham place-learners to solve the OFTM and (2) lesioned response-learners solved the OFTM at the same rate as sham response-learners. Our findings support the hypothesis that the hippocampus is necessary for place-, but not response-learning in the OFTM task. The OFTM is an appetitive task that does not depend on a choice between restricted directions that a rat would be required to make in a T-maze or a radial arm-maze, and does not include aversive components inherent to a Morris Water Maze or Barnes Maze. Thus, the OFTM can be used to investigate the manipulations of hippocampus-dependent spatial learning without confounding variables related to an animal's stress level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lipatova
- Christopher Newport University, Department of Psychology/Neuroscience Program, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA 23606, United States.
| | - Matthew M Campolattaro
- Christopher Newport University, Department of Psychology/Neuroscience Program, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA 23606, United States
| | - Joseph A Picone
- Christopher Newport University, Department of Psychology/Neuroscience Program, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA 23606, United States
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109
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Rolls ET. The cingulate cortex and limbic systems for emotion, action, and memory. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:3001-3018. [PMID: 31451898 PMCID: PMC6875144 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is provided for a new conceptualization of the connectivity and functions of the cingulate cortex in emotion, action, and memory. The anterior cingulate cortex receives information from the orbitofrontal cortex about reward and non-reward outcomes. The posterior cingulate cortex receives spatial and action-related information from parietal cortical areas. It is argued that these inputs allow the cingulate cortex to perform action-outcome learning, with outputs from the midcingulate motor area to premotor areas. In addition, because the anterior cingulate cortex connects rewards to actions, it is involved in emotion; and because the posterior cingulate cortex has outputs to the hippocampal system, it is involved in memory. These apparently multiple different functions of the cingulate cortex are related to the place of this proisocortical limbic region in brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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110
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Loane C, Argyropoulos GPD, Roca-Fernández A, Lage C, Sheerin F, Ahmed S, Zamboni G, Mackay C, Irani SR, Butler CR. Hippocampal network abnormalities explain amnesia after VGKCC-Ab related autoimmune limbic encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:965-974. [PMID: 31072956 PMCID: PMC6820158 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-320168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limbic encephalitis associated with antibodies to components of the voltage-gated potassium channel complex (VGKCC-Ab-LE) often leads to hippocampal atrophy and persistent memory impairment. Its long-term impact on regions beyond the hippocampus, and the relationship between brain damage and cognitive outcome, are poorly understood. We investigated the nature of structural and functional brain abnormalities following VGKCC-Ab-LE and its role in residual memory impairment. METHOD A cross-sectional group study was conducted. Twenty-four VGKCC-Ab-LE patients (20 male, 4 female; mean (SD) age 63.86 (11.31) years) were recruited post-acutely along with age- and sex-matched healthy controls for neuropsychological assessment, structural MRI and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Structural abnormalities were determined using volumetry and voxel-based morphometry; rs-fMRI data were analysed to investigate hippocampal functional connectivity (FC). Associations of memory performance with neuroimaging measures were examined. RESULTS Patients showed selective memory impairment. Structural analyses revealed focal hippocampal atrophy within the medial temporal lobes, correlative atrophy in the mediodorsal thalamus, and additional volume reduction in the posteromedial cortex. There was no association between regional volumes and memory performance. Instead, patients demonstrated reduced posteromedial cortico-hippocampal and inter-hippocampal FC, which correlated with memory scores (r = 0.553; r = 0.582, respectively). The latter declined as a function of time since the acute illness (r = -0.531). CONCLUSION VGKCC-Ab-LE results in persistent isolated memory impairment. Patients have hippocampal atrophy with further reduced mediodorsal thalamic and posteromedial cortical volumes. Crucially, reduced FC of remaining hippocampal tissue correlates more closely with memory function than does regional atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Loane
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | | | | | - Carmen Lage
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Unidad de Deterioro Cognitivo, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Fintan Sheerin
- Department of Neuroradiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Samrah Ahmed
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Giovanna Zamboni
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Clare Mackay
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarosh R Irani
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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111
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O’Mara SM, Aggleton JP. Space and Memory (Far) Beyond the Hippocampus: Many Subcortical Structures Also Support Cognitive Mapping and Mnemonic Processing. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:52. [PMID: 31447653 PMCID: PMC6692652 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory research remains focused on just a few brain structures-in particular, the hippocampal formation (the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex). Three key discoveries promote this continued focus: the striking demonstrations of enduring anterograde amnesia after bilateral hippocampal damage; the realization that synapses in the hippocampal formation are plastic e.g., when responding to short bursts of patterned stimulation ("long-term potentiation" or LTP); and the discovery of a panoply of spatially-tuned cells, principally surveyed in the hippocampal formation (place cells coding for position; head-direction cells, providing compass-like information; and grid cells, providing a metric for 3D space). Recent anatomical, behavioral, and electrophysiological work extends this picture to a growing network of subcortical brain structures, including the anterior thalamic nuclei, rostral midline thalamic nuclei, and the claustrum. There are, for example, spatially-tuned cells in all of these regions, including cells with properties similar to place cells of the hippocampus proper. These findings add new perspectives to what had been originally been proposed-but often overlooked-half a century ago: that damage to an extended network of structures connected to the hippocampal formation results in diencephalic amnesia. We suggest these new findings extend spatial signaling in the brain far beyond the hippocampal formation, with profound implications for theories of the neural bases of spatial and mnemonic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M. O’Mara
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John P. Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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112
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Argyropoulos GPD, Loane C, Roca-Fernandez A, Lage-Martinez C, Gurau O, Irani SR, Butler CR. Network-wide abnormalities explain memory variability in hippocampal amnesia. eLife 2019; 8:e46156. [PMID: 31282861 PMCID: PMC6639076 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with hippocampal amnesia play a central role in memory neuroscience but the neural underpinnings of amnesia are hotly debated. We hypothesized that focal hippocampal damage is associated with changes across the extended hippocampal system and that these, rather than hippocampal atrophy per se, would explain variability in memory between patients. We assessed this hypothesis in a uniquely large cohort of patients (n = 38) after autoimmune limbic encephalitis, a syndrome associated with focal structural hippocampal pathology. These patients showed impaired recall, recognition and maintenance of new information, and remote autobiographical amnesia. Besides hippocampal atrophy, we observed correlatively reduced thalamic and entorhinal cortical volume, resting-state inter-hippocampal connectivity and activity in posteromedial cortex. Associations of hippocampal volume with recall, recognition, and remote memory were fully mediated by wider network abnormalities, and were only direct in forgetting. Network abnormalities may explain the variability across studies of amnesia and speak to debates in memory neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios PD Argyropoulos
- Memory Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Clare Loane
- Memory Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Adriana Roca-Fernandez
- Memory Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Carmen Lage-Martinez
- Memory Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Valdecilla Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity Hospital Marqués de ValdecillaSantanderSpain
| | - Oana Gurau
- Memory Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarosh R Irani
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher R Butler
- Memory Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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113
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Perry BAL, Mitchell AS. Considering the Evidence for Anterior and Laterodorsal Thalamic Nuclei as Higher Order Relays to Cortex. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:167. [PMID: 31333412 PMCID: PMC6616498 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our memories are essential in our daily lives. The frontal and cingulate cortices, hippocampal system and medial temporal lobes are key brain regions. In addition, severe amnesia also occurs after damage or dysfunction to the anterior thalamic nuclei; this subcortical thalamic hub is interconnected to these key cortical memory structures. Behavioral, anatomical, and physiological evidence across mammalian species has shown that interactions between the anterior thalamic nuclei, cortex and hippocampal formation are vital for spatial memory processing. Furthermore, the adjacent laterodorsal thalamic nucleus (LD), interconnected to the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and visual system, also contributes to spatial memory in mammals. However, how these thalamic nuclei contribute to memory still remains largely unknown. Fortunately, our understanding of the importance of the thalamus in cognitive processes is being redefined, as widespread evidence challenges the established view of the thalamus as a passive relay of sensory and subcortical information to the cortex. In this review article, we examine whether the anterior thalamic nuclei and the adjacent LD are suitable candidates for "higher-order" thalamic nuclei, as defined by the Sherman and Guillery model. Rather than simply relaying information to cortex, "higher-order" thalamic nuclei have a prominent role in cognition, as they can regulate how areas of the cortex interact with one another. These considerations along with a review of the latest research will be used to suggest future studies that will clarify the contributions that the anterior and LD have in supporting cortical functions during cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brook A L Perry
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna S Mitchell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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114
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Hoch MJ, Bruno MT, Faustin A, Cruz N, Mogilner AY, Crandall L, Wisniewski T, Devinsky O, Shepherd TM. 3T MRI Whole-Brain Microscopy Discrimination of Subcortical Anatomy, Part 2: Basal Forebrain. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1095-1105. [PMID: 31196861 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The basal forebrain contains multiple structures of great interest to emerging functional neurosurgery applications, yet many neuroradiologists are unfamiliar with this neuroanatomy because it is not resolved with current clinical MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS We applied an optimized TSE T2 sequence to washed whole postmortem brain samples (n = 13) to demonstrate and characterize the detailed anatomy of the basal forebrain using a clinical 3T MR imaging scanner. We measured the size of selected internal myelinated pathways and measured subthalamic nucleus size, oblique orientation, and position relative to the intercommissural point. RESULTS We identified most basal ganglia and diencephalon structures using serial axial, coronal, and sagittal planes relative to the intercommissural plane. Specific oblique image orientations demonstrated the positions and anatomic relationships for selected structures of interest to functional neurosurgery. We observed only 0.2- to 0.3-mm right-left differences in the anteroposterior and superoinferior length of the subthalamic nucleus (P = .084 and .047, respectively). Individual variability for the subthalamic nucleus was greatest for angulation within the sagittal plane (range, 15°-37°), transverse dimension (range, 2-6.7 mm), and most inferior border (range, 4-7 mm below the intercommissural plane). CONCLUSIONS Direct identification of basal forebrain structures in multiple planes using the TSE T2 sequence makes this challenging neuroanatomy more accessible to practicing neuroradiologists. This protocol can be used to better define individual variations relevant to functional neurosurgical targeting and validate/complement advanced MR imaging methods being developed for direct visualization of these structures in living patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hoch
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, (M.J.H.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - M T Bruno
- Departments of Radiology (M.T.B., N.C., T.M.S.)
| | | | - N Cruz
- Departments of Radiology (M.T.B., N.C., T.M.S.)
| | | | - L Crandall
- Neurology (L.C., T.W., O.D.).,SUDC Foundation (L.C., O.D.), New York, New York
| | - T Wisniewski
- Pathology (A.F., T.W.).,Neurology (L.C., T.W., O.D.).,Psychiatry (T.W.), New York University, New York, New York
| | - O Devinsky
- Neurology (L.C., T.W., O.D.).,SUDC Foundation (L.C., O.D.), New York, New York
| | - T M Shepherd
- Departments of Radiology (M.T.B., N.C., T.M.S.) .,Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (T.M.S.), New York, New York
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115
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Matsumoto N, Kitanishi T, Mizuseki K. The subiculum: Unique hippocampal hub and more. Neurosci Res 2019; 143:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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116
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Smith K, Bastin ME, Cox SR, Valdés Hernández MC, Wiseman S, Escudero J, Sudlow C. Hierarchical complexity of the adult human structural connectome. Neuroimage 2019; 191:205-215. [PMID: 30772400 PMCID: PMC6503942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural network of the human brain has a rich topology which many have sought to characterise using standard network science measures and concepts. However, this characterisation remains incomplete and the non-obvious features of this topology have largely confounded attempts towards comprehensive constructive modelling. This calls for new perspectives. Hierarchical complexity is an emerging paradigm of complex network topology based on the observation that complex systems are composed of hierarchies within which the roles of hierarchically equivalent nodes display highly variable connectivity patterns. Here we test the hierarchical complexity of the human structural connectomes of a group of seventy-nine healthy adults. Binary connectomes are found to be more hierarchically complex than three benchmark random network models. This provides a new key description of brain structure, revealing a rich diversity of connectivity patterns within hierarchically equivalent nodes. Dividing the connectomes into four tiers based on degree magnitudes indicates that the most complex nodes are neither those with the highest nor lowest degrees but are instead found in the middle tiers. Spatial mapping of the brain regions in each hierarchical tier reveals consistency with the current anatomical, functional and neuropsychological knowledge of the human brain. The most complex tier (Tier 3) involves regions believed to bridge high-order cognitive (Tier 1) and low-order sensorimotor processing (Tier 2). We then show that such diversity of connectivity patterns aligns with the diversity of functional roles played out across the brain, demonstrating that hierarchical complexity can characterise functional diversity strictly from the network topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Smith
- Usher Institute for Population Health Science and Informatics, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Maria C Valdés Hernández
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK; Row Fogo Centre into Ageing and the Brain, Edinburgh Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Stewart Wiseman
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Javier Escudero
- School of Engineering, Institute for Digital Communications, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Catherine Sudlow
- Usher Institute for Population Health Science and Informatics, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
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117
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Revealing the Hippocampal Connectome through Super-Resolution 1150-Direction Diffusion MRI. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2418. [PMID: 30787303 PMCID: PMC6382767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a key component of emotional and memory circuits and is broadly connected throughout the brain. We tracked the whole-brain connections of white matter fibres from the hippocampus using ultra-high angular resolution diffusion MRI in both a single 1150-direction dataset and a large normal cohort (n = 94; 391-directions). Using a connectomic approach, we identified six dominant pathways in terms of strength, length and anatomy, and characterised them by their age and gender variation. The strongest individual connection was to the ipsilateral thalamus. There was a strong age dependence of hippocampal connectivity to medial occipital regions. Overall, our results concur with preclinical and ex-vivo data, confirming that meaningful in vivo characterisation of hippocampal connections is possible in an individual. Our findings extend the collective knowledge of hippocampal anatomy, highlighting the importance of the spinal-limbic pathway and the striking lack of hippocampal connectivity with motor and sensory cortices.
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118
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Mai JK, Majtanik M. Toward a Common Terminology for the Thalamus. Front Neuroanat 2019; 12:114. [PMID: 30687023 PMCID: PMC6336698 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The wealth of competing parcellations with limited cross-correspondence between atlases of the human thalamus raises problems in a time when the usefulness of neuroanatomical methods is increasingly appreciated for modern computational analyses of the brain. An unequivocal nomenclature is, however, compulsory for the understanding of the organization of the thalamus. This situation cannot be improved by renewed discussion but with implementation of neuroinformatics tools. We adopted a new volumetric approach to characterize the significant subdivisions and determined the relationships between the parcellation schemes of nine most influential atlases of the human thalamus. The volumes of each atlas were 3d-reconstructed and spatially registered to the standard MNI/ICBM2009b reference volume of the Human Brain Atlas in the MNI (Montreal Neurological Institute) space (Mai and Majtanik, 2017). This normalization of the individual thalamus shapes allowed for the comparison of the nuclear regions delineated by the different authors. Quantitative cross-comparisons revealed the extent of predictability of territorial borders for 11 area clusters. In case of discordant parcellations we re-analyzed the underlying histological features and the original descriptions. The final scheme of the spatial organization provided the frame for the selected terms for the subdivisions of the human thalamus using on the (modified) terminology of the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT). Waiving of exact individual definition of regional boundaries in favor of the statistical representation within the open MNI platform provides the common and objective (standardized) ground to achieve concordance between results from different sources (microscopy, imaging etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen K. Mai
- Institute for Anatomy, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Milan Majtanik
- Institute of Informatics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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119
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Córcoles-Parada M, Ubero-Martínez M, Morris RGM, Insausti R, Mishkin M, Muñoz-López M. Frontal and Insular Input to the Dorsolateral Temporal Pole in Primates: Implications for Auditory Memory. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1099. [PMID: 31780878 PMCID: PMC6861303 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The temporal pole (TP) has been involved in multiple functions from emotional and social behavior, semantic processing, memory, language in humans and epilepsy surgery, to the fronto-temporal neurodegenerative disorder (semantic) dementia. However, the role of the TP subdivisions is still unclear, in part due to the lack of quantitative data about TP connectivity. This study focuses in the dorsolateral subdivision of the TP: area 38DL. Area 38DL main input originates in the auditory processing areas of the rostral superior temporal gyrus. Among other connections, area 38DL conveys this auditory highly processed information to the entorhinal, rostral perirhinal, and posterior parahippocampal cortices, presumably for storage in long-term memory (Muñoz-López et al., 2015). However, the connections of the TP with cortical areas beyond the temporal cortex suggest that this area is part of a wider network. With the aim to quantitatively determine the topographical, laminar pattern and weighting of the lateral TP afferents from the frontal and insular cortices, we placed a total of 11 tracer injections of the fluorescent retrograde neuronal tracers Fast Blue and Diamidino Yellow at different levels of the lateral TP in rhesus monkeys. The results showed that circa 50% of the total cortical input to area 38DL originates in medial frontal areas 14, 25, 32, and 24 (25%); orbitofrontal areas Pro and PAll (15%); and the agranular, parainsular and disgranular insula (10%). This study sets the anatomical bases to better understand the function of the dorsolateral division of the TP. More specifically, these results suggest that area 38DL forms part of the wider limbic circuit that might contribute, among other functions, with an auditory component to multimodal memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Córcoles-Parada
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Mar Ubero-Martínez
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Department of Anatomy, Catholic University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Richard G M Morris
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Insausti
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Mortimer Mishkin
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, ML, United States
| | - Mónica Muñoz-López
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, ML, United States
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120
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Voss MW, Sutterer M, Weng TB, Burzynska AZ, Fanning J, Salerno E, Gothe NP, Ehlers DK, McAuley E, Kramer AF. Nutritional supplementation boosts aerobic exercise effects on functional brain systems. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:77-87. [PMID: 30382806 PMCID: PMC6383642 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00917.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that aerobic exercise protects against age-related cognitive decline and that cardiorespiratory fitness is an important factor for these benefits. Studies also suggest that combining physical activity with cognitive enrichment is beneficial. We further examine these predictions by comparing effects of a nutritional supplement promoting exercise capacity to a lower-intensity activity with cognitive enrichment on functional network and cognitive outcomes that otherwise decline with aging. Inactive healthy older adults were randomized to one of four groups including a low-intensity activity with complex cognitive demands (dancing), walking, walking+supplement, or an active control. Results showed that walking+supplement increased salience network functional connectivity (FC), with less training benefit for default mode network FC. Although cognitive performance did not increase for any training group, participants in the walking+supplement group who were on medication that boosted key neurotransmitters (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) showed improved processing speed. Overall, this study provides new insight into how to boost the protective effects of exercise on brain systems that otherwise deteriorate with aging. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aerobic exercise effects on brain networks that otherwise decline with aging can be boosted with a nutritional supplement including beta-alanine. Beta-alanine supplementation could enhance the extent to which aerobic adaptations benefit the brain. In contrast, cognitive enrichment with low-intensity physical activity through dance did not affect functional networks. Medications that modulate neurotransmitters affected by aging (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) may modify effects of exercise on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle W Voss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Graduate Training Program, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Matthew Sutterer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Timothy B Weng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Agnieszka Z Burzynska
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jason Fanning
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth Salerno
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neha P Gothe
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
| | - Diane K Ehlers
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
| | - Edward McAuley
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts
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121
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Robin J, Rai Y, Valli M, Olsen RK. Category specificity in the medial temporal lobe: A systematic review. Hippocampus 2018; 29:313-339. [PMID: 30155943 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical accounts of medial temporal lobe (MTL) function ascribe different functions to subregions of the MTL including perirhinal, entorhinal, parahippocampal cortices, and the hippocampus. Some have suggested that the functional roles of these subregions vary in terms of their category specificity, showing preferential coding for certain stimulus types, but the evidence for this functional organization is mixed. In this systematic review, we evaluate existing evidence for regional specialization in the MTL for three categories of visual stimuli: faces, objects, and scenes. We review and synthesize across univariate and multivariate neuroimaging studies, as well as neuropsychological studies of cases with lesions to the MTL. Neuroimaging evidence suggests that faces activate the perirhinal cortex, entorhinal cortex, and the anterior hippocampus, while scenes engage the parahippocampal cortex and both the anterior and posterior hippocampus, depending on the contrast condition. There is some evidence for object-related activity in anterior MTL regions when compared to scenes, and in posterior MTL regions when compared to faces, suggesting that aspects of object representations may share similarities with face and scene representations. While neuroimaging evidence suggests some hippocampal specialization for faces and scenes, neuropsychological evidence shows that hippocampal damage leads to impairments in scene memory and perception, but does not entail equivalent impairments for faces in cases where the perirhinal cortex remains intact. Regional specialization based on stimulus categories has implications for understanding the mechanisms of MTL subregions, and highlights the need for the development of theoretical models of MTL function that can accommodate the differential patterns of specificity observed in the MTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Robin
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yeshith Rai
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mikaeel Valli
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosanna K Olsen
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Perry JC, Pakkenberg B, Vann SD. Striking reduction in neurons and glial cells in anterior thalamic nuclei of older patients with Down syndrome. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 75:54-61. [PMID: 30550978 PMCID: PMC6357872 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The anterior thalamic nuclei are important for spatial and episodic memory, however, surprisingly little is known about the status of these nuclei in neurological conditions that present with memory impairments, such as Down syndrome. We quantified neurons and glial cells in the anterior thalamic nuclei of four older patients with Down syndrome. There was a striking reduction in the volume of the anterior thalamic nuclei and this appeared to reflect the loss of approximately 70% of neurons. The number of glial cells was also reduced but to a lesser degree than neurons. The anterior thalamic nuclei appear to be particularly sensitive to effects of aging in Down syndrome and the pathology in this region likely contributes to the memory impairments observed. These findings reaffirm the importance of examining the status of the anterior thalamic nuclei in conditions where memory impairments have been principally assigned to pathology in the medial temporal lobe. Volume of anterior thalamus is markedly reduced in older patients with Down syndrome. Number of neurons in anterior thalamus are substantially reduced. Number of glial cells in anterior thalamus are substantially reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Perry
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bente Pakkenberg
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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123
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Cembrowski MS, Wang L, Lemire AL, Copeland M, DiLisio SF, Clements J, Spruston N. The subiculum is a patchwork of discrete subregions. eLife 2018; 7:e37701. [PMID: 30375971 PMCID: PMC6226292 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the hippocampus, the classical pyramidal cell type of the subiculum acts as a primary output, conveying hippocampal signals to a diverse suite of downstream regions. Accumulating evidence suggests that the subiculum pyramidal cell population may actually be comprised of discrete subclasses. Here, we investigated the extent and organizational principles governing pyramidal cell heterogeneity throughout the mouse subiculum. Using single-cell RNA-seq, we find that the subiculum pyramidal cell population can be deconstructed into eight separable subclasses. These subclasses were mapped onto abutting spatial domains, ultimately producing a complex laminar and columnar organization with heterogeneity across classical dorsal-ventral, proximal-distal, and superficial-deep axes. We further show that these transcriptomically defined subclasses correspond to differential protein products and can be associated with specific projection targets. This work deconstructs the complex landscape of subiculum pyramidal cells into spatially segregated subclasses that may be observed, controlled, and interpreted in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Cembrowski
- Janelia Research CampusHoward Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Lihua Wang
- Janelia Research CampusHoward Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Andrew L Lemire
- Janelia Research CampusHoward Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Monique Copeland
- Janelia Research CampusHoward Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | | | - Jody Clements
- Janelia Research CampusHoward Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Nelson Spruston
- Janelia Research CampusHoward Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
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124
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Baumgartner P, El Amki M, Bracko O, Luft AR, Wegener S. Sensorimotor stroke alters hippocampo-thalamic network activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15770. [PMID: 30361495 PMCID: PMC6202365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many stroke survivors experience persisting episodic memory disturbances. Since hippocampal and para-hippocampal areas are usually spared from the infarcted area, alterations of memory processing networks remote from the ischemic brain region might be responsible for the observed clinical symptoms. To pinpoint changes in activity of hippocampal connections and their role in post-stroke cognitive impairment, we induced ischemic stroke by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) in adult rats and analyzed the functional and structural consequences using activity-dependent manganese (Mn2+) enhanced MRI (MEMRI) along with behavioral and histopathological analysis. MCAO caused stroke lesions of variable extent along with sensorimotor and cognitive deficits. Direct hippocampal injury occurred in some rats, but was no prerequisite for cognitive impairment. In healthy rats, injection of Mn2+ into the entorhinal cortex resulted in distribution of the tracer within the hippocampal subfields into the lateral septal nuclei. In MCAO rats, Mn2+ accumulated in the ipsilateral thalamus. Histopathological analysis revealed secondary thalamic degeneration 28 days after stroke. Our findings provide in vivo evidence that remote sensorimotor stroke modifies the activity of hippocampal-thalamic networks. In addition to potentially reversible alterations in signaling of these connections, structural damage of the thalamus likely reinforces dysfunction of hippocampal-thalamic circuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Baumgartner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - Mohamad El Amki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Bracko
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland.,Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, United States
| | - Andreas R Luft
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland.
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125
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Zhornitsky S, Ide JS, Wang W, Chao HH, Zhang S, Hu S, Krystal JH, Li CSR. Problem Drinking, Alcohol Expectancy, and Thalamic Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Nondependent Adult Drinkers. Brain Connect 2018; 8:487-502. [PMID: 30198312 PMCID: PMC6207153 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2018.0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol misuse is associated with thalamic dysfunction. The thalamus comprises subnuclei that relay and integrate information between cortical and subcortical structures. However, it is unclear how the subnuclei contribute to thalamic dysfunctions in problem drinking. We investigated resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of thalamic subregions in 107 nondependent drinkers (57 women), using masks delineated by white matter tractography. Thalamus was parceled into motor, somatosensory, visual, premotor, frontal association, parietal association, and temporal association subregions. Whole-brain linear regression, each against Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and positive alcohol expectancy (AE) score with age as a covariate, was performed for each seed, for men and women combined, and separately. Overall, problem drinking was associated with increased thalamic connectivities, whereas AE was associated with a mixed pattern of increased and decreased connectivities. Motor, premotor, somatosensory, and frontal association thalamic connectivity with bilateral caudate head was positively correlated with AUDIT score in men and women combined. Connectivity of the right caudate head with frontal association and premotor thalamus was also positively correlated with AE score in men and women combined. In contrast, motor and premotor thalamic connectivity with a number of cortical and subcortical structures showed sex differences in the correlation each with AUDIT and AE score. In mediation analyses, AE score completely mediated the correlation between thalamic caudate connectivity and AUDIT score, whereas the model where AE contributed to problem drinking and, in turn, altered thalamic caudate connectivity was not supported. To conclude, thalamic subregional rsFCs showed both shared and distinct changes and sex differences in association with problem drinking and AE. Increased thalamic caudate connectivity may contribute to problem drinking via enhanced AE. The findings suggest the importance of examining thalamic subdivisions and sex in investigating the functional roles of thalamus in problem drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jaime S. Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Herta H. Chao
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Oswego, New York
| | - John H. Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chiang-shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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126
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Bubb EJ, Metzler-Baddeley C, Aggleton JP. The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:104-127. [PMID: 29753752 PMCID: PMC6090091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cingulum bundle is a prominent white matter tract that interconnects frontal, parietal, and medial temporal sites, while also linking subcortical nuclei to the cingulate gyrus. Despite its apparent continuity, the cingulum's composition continually changes as fibres join and leave the bundle. To help understand its complex structure, this review begins with detailed, comparative descriptions of the multiple connections comprising the cingulum bundle. Next, the impact of cingulum bundle damage in rats, monkeys, and humans is analysed. Despite causing extensive anatomical disconnections, cingulum bundle lesions typically produce only mild deficits, highlighting the importance of parallel pathways and the distributed nature of its various functions. Meanwhile, non-invasive imaging implicates the cingulum bundle in executive control, emotion, pain (dorsal cingulum), and episodic memory (parahippocampal cingulum), while clinical studies reveal cingulum abnormalities in numerous conditions, including schizophrenia, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the seemingly diverse contributions of the cingulum will require better ways of isolating pathways within this highly complex tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Bubb
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK
| | | | - John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK.
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127
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Rolls ET. The storage and recall of memories in the hippocampo-cortical system. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 373:577-604. [PMID: 29218403 PMCID: PMC6132650 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative computational theory of the operation of the hippocampus as an episodic memory system is described. The CA3 system operates as a single attractor or autoassociation network (1) to enable rapid one-trial associations between any spatial location (place in rodents or spatial view in primates) and an object or reward and (2) to provide for completion of the whole memory during recall from any part. The theory is extended to associations between time and object or reward to implement temporal order memory, which is also important in episodic memory. The dentate gyrus performs pattern separation by competitive learning to create sparse representations producing, for example, neurons with place-like fields from entorhinal cortex grid cells. The dentate granule cells generate, by the very small number of mossy fibre connections to CA3, a randomizing pattern separation effect that is important during learning but not recall and that separates out the patterns represented by CA3 firing as being very different from each other. This is optimal for an unstructured episodic memory system in which each memory must be kept distinct from other memories. The direct perforant path input to CA3 is quantitatively appropriate for providing the cue for recall in CA3 but not for learning. The CA1 recodes information from CA3 to set up associatively learned backprojections to the neocortex to allow the subsequent retrieval of information to the neocortex, giving a quantitative account of the large number of hippocampo-neocortical and neocortical-neocortical backprojections. Tests of the theory including hippocampal subregion analyses and hippocampal NMDA receptor knockouts are described and support the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, England.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, England.
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128
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Hofmeier B, Wolpert S, Aldamer ES, Walter M, Thiericke J, Braun C, Zelle D, Rüttiger L, Klose U, Knipper M. Reduced sound-evoked and resting-state BOLD fMRI connectivity in tinnitus. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 20:637-649. [PMID: 30202725 PMCID: PMC6128096 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The exact neurophysiological basis of chronic tinnitus, which affects 10-15% of the population, remains unknown and is controversial at many levels. It is an open question whether phantom sound perception results from increased central neural gain or not, a crucial question for any future therapeutic intervention strategies for tinnitus. We performed a comprehensive study of mild hearing-impaired participants with and without tinnitus, excluding participants with co-occurrences of hyperacusis. A right-hemisphere correlation between tinnitus loudness and auditory perceptual difficulty was observed in the tinnitus group, independent of differences in hearing thresholds. This correlation was linked to reduced and delayed sound-induced suprathreshold auditory brain responses (ABR wave V) in the tinnitus group, suggesting subsided rather than exaggerated central neural responsiveness. When anatomically predefined auditory regions of interest were analysed for altered sound-evoked BOLD fMRI activity, it became evident that subcortical and cortical auditory regions and regions involved in sound detection (posterior insula, hippocampus), responded with reduced BOLD activity in the tinnitus group, emphasizing reduced, rather than increased, central neural gain. Regarding previous findings of evoked BOLD activity being linked to positive connectivities at rest, we additionally analysed r-fcMRI responses in anatomically predefined auditory regions and regions associated with sound detection. A profound reduction in positive interhemispheric connections of homologous auditory brain regions and a decline in the positive connectivities between lower auditory brainstem regions and regions involved in sound detection (hippocampus, posterior insula) were observed in the tinnitus group. The finding went hand-in-hand with the emotional (amygdala, anterior insula) and temporofrontal/stress-regulating regions (prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus) that were no longer positively connected with auditory cortex regions in the tinnitus group but were instead positively connected to lower-level auditory brainstem regions. Delayed sound processing, reduced sound-evoked BOLD fMRI activity and altered r-fcMRI in the auditory midbrain correlated in the tinnitus group and showed right hemisphere dominance as did tinnitus loudness and perceptual difficulty. The findings suggest that reduced central neural gain in the auditory stream may lead to phantom perception through a failure to energize attentional/stress-regulating networks for contextualization of auditory-specific information. Reduced auditory-specific information flow in tinnitus has until now escaped detection in humans, as low-level auditory brain regions were previously omitted from neuroimaging studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register DRKS0006332.
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Key Words
- ABR wave
- ABR, auditory brainstem response
- BA, Brodmann area
- BA13A, anterior insula
- BA13P, posterior insula
- BA28, entorhinal cortex
- BB-chirp, broadband chirp
- BERA, brainstem-evoked response audiometry
- CN, cochlear nucleus
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- Cortisol
- DL, dorsolateral
- EFR, envelope-followed responses
- ENT, ear, nose and throat
- FA, flip angle
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FOV, field of view
- FWHM, full width at half maximum
- G-H-S, Goebel-Hiller-Score
- HF-chirp, high-frequency chirp
- HPA, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
- High-SR AF, high-spontaneous firing rates auditory fibers
- IC, inferior colliculus
- L, left
- LF-chirp, low-frequency chirp
- Low-SR AF, low-spontaneous firing rates auditory fibers
- M, medial
- MGB, medial geniculate body
- MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute
- PFC, prefrontal cortex
- PTA, pure tone audiogram
- R, right
- ROI, region of interest
- SD, standard deviation
- SOC, superior olivary complex
- SPL, sound pressure level
- SPM, Statistical Parametric Mapping
- TA, acquisition time
- TE, echo time
- TR, repetition time
- Tinnitus
- VBM, voxel-based morphometry
- fMRI
- r-fcMRI
- rCBF, resting-state cerebral blood flow
- rCBV, resting-state cerebral blood volume
- zFC, z-values functional connectivity
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Hofmeier
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Center Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Wolpert
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Center Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ebrahim Saad Aldamer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Center Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Walter
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Center Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - John Thiericke
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Center Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany/HNO Ärzte Praxis Part GmbB, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Braun
- MEG Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 47, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dennis Zelle
- Section of Physiological Acoustics and Communication, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Center Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Klose
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-73076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Marlies Knipper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Center Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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129
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Zervos TM, Robin AM, Lee I. Delirium and topographical disorientation associated with glioblastoma multiforme tumour progression into the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2018-225473. [PMID: 30121566 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Since there is no cure for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the goal of treatment becomes prolonging the survival through cytoreduction while minimising neurological deficits. In this case report, laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) was used once the tumour progressed into the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus. One year after temporal lobectomy, disorders of memory, emotion, personality and navigation, likely related to limbic system involvement along with hallucinations and fluctuating cognition occurred as the tumour progressed. After ablation of the posterior cingulum, worsening of topographical disorientation was observed.Per literature review, delirium has been noted in patients with strokes involving the right-sided temporo-parieto-occipital junction, and topographical disorientation has been associated with lesions of the right posterior cingulum. Alternative causes of these deficits were ruled out, leaving structural changes as the primary explanation. This is the first report of the neurological deficits associated with tumour progression and vasogenic oedema in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Zervos
- Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Adam M Robin
- Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ian Lee
- Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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130
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Cheng W, Rolls ET, Qiu J, Yang D, Ruan H, Wei D, Zhao L, Meng J, Xie P, Feng J. Functional Connectivity of the Precuneus in Unmedicated Patients With Depression. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:1040-1049. [PMID: 30243643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precuneus has connectivity with brain systems implicated in depression. METHODS We performed the first fully voxel-level resting-state functional connectivity (FC) neuroimaging analysis of depression of the precuneus, with 282 patients with major depressive disorder and 254 control subjects. RESULTS In 125 unmedicated patients, voxels in the precuneus had significantly increased FC with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, a region implicated in nonreward that is thereby implicated in depression. FC was also increased in depression between the precuneus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, and angular and supramarginal areas. In patients receiving medication, the FC between the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and precuneus was decreased back toward that in the control subjects. In the 254 control subjects, parcellation revealed superior anterior, superior posterior, and inferior subdivisions, with the inferior subdivision having high connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, angular gyrus, and prefrontal cortex. It was the ventral subdivision of the precuneus that had increased connectivity in depression with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and adjoining inferior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the theory that the system in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex implicated in the response to nonreceipt of expected rewards has increased effects on areas in which the self is represented, such as the precuneus. This may result in low self-esteem in depression. The increased connectivity of the precuneus with the prefrontal cortex short-term memory system may contribute to the rumination about low self-esteem in depression. These findings provide evidence that a target to ameliorate depression is the lateral orbitofrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Statistics, School of Management, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Edmund T Rolls
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deyu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Central Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongtao Ruan
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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131
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Barnett SC, Perry BAL, Dalrymple-Alford JC, Parr-Brownlie LC. Optogenetic stimulation: Understanding memory and treating deficits. Hippocampus 2018; 28:457-470. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Barnett
- Department of Psychology; University of Canterbury; Christchurch 8041 New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand; New Zealand
| | - B. A. L. Perry
- Department of Psychology; University of Canterbury; Christchurch 8041 New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand; New Zealand
| | - J. C. Dalrymple-Alford
- Department of Psychology; University of Canterbury; Christchurch 8041 New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand; New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - L. C. Parr-Brownlie
- Brain Research New Zealand; New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Science; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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132
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Association between uncooperativeness and the glucose metabolism of patients with chronic behavioral disorders after severe traumatic brain injury: a cross-sectional retrospective study. Biopsychosoc Med 2018; 12:6. [PMID: 29713371 PMCID: PMC5914015 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-018-0125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bakground Patients with behavioral disorders following severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) often have disorders of consciousness that make expressing their emotional distress difficult. However, no standard method for assessing the unsettled and unforeseen responses that are associated with behavioral disorders has yet to be established. Because the thalamus is known to play a role in maintaining consciousness and cognition, we used 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) to examine the association between brain glucose metabolism in the thalamus and behavioral disorders. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 70 consecutive patients with sTBI who had been involved in motor vehicle accidents. To assess behavioral disorders, we evaluated 18 symptoms using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS): Emotional Withdrawal, Conceptual Disorganization, Tension, Mannerisms and Posturing, Motor Retardation, Uncooperativeness, Blunted Affect, Excitement, Somatic Concern, Anxiety, Feeling of Guilt, Grandiosity, Depressive Mood, Hostility, Suspiciousness, Hallucinatory Behavior, Unusual Thought Content, and Disorientation. First, we identified clinical characteristics of sTBI patients with behavioral disorders. Next, we retrospectively analyzed 18F-FDG-PET/CT data to assess how thalamic activity was related with abnormal behaviors. Results Twenty-six patients possessed the minimum communicatory ability required for psychiatric interview. Among them, 15 patients (57.7%) were diagnosed with behavioral disorder, 14 of whom had reached a stable psychiatric state after about 426.6 days of treatment. Excitement (13 patients) and uncooperativeness (10 patients) were the most frequently observed symptoms. Available 18F-FDG-PET/CT data indicated that thalamic glucose metabolism was imbalanced and lateralized (p = 0.04) in 6 patients who exhibited uncooperativeness. Conclusions Behavioral symptoms of excitement and uncooperativeness were common in patients with sTBI, although most symptoms improved as the chronic stage continued. Our data support the idea that imbalanced laterality of glucose metabolism in the thalamus might be related to behavioral disorders characterized by uncooperativeness. Trial registration UMIN 000029531. Registered 27 March 2017, retrospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13030-018-0125-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Cheng W, Rolls ET, Qiu J, Xie X, Wei D, Huang CC, Yang AC, Tsai SJ, Li Q, Meng J, Lin CP, Xie P, Feng J. Increased functional connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex in depression. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:90. [PMID: 29691380 PMCID: PMC5915597 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyze the functioning of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in depression, we performed the first fully voxel-level resting state functional-connectivity neuroimaging analysis of depression of the PCC, with 336 patients with major depressive disorder and 350 controls. Voxels in the PCC had significantly increased functional connectivity with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, a region implicated in non-reward and which is thereby implicated in depression. In patients receiving medication, the functional connectivity between the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and PCC was decreased back towards that in the controls. In the 350 controls, it was shown that the PCC has high functional connectivity with the parahippocampal regions which are involved in memory. The findings support the theory that the non-reward system in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex has increased effects on memory systems, which contribute to the rumination about sad memories and events in depression. These new findings provide evidence that a key target to ameliorate depression is the lateral orbitofrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Edmund T Rolls
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiongfei Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Albert C Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- School of Mathematical Sciences, School of Life Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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134
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Jiang YY, Zhang Y, Cui S, Liu FY, Yi M, Wan Y. Cholinergic neurons in medial septum maintain anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic inflammatory pain. Neurosci Lett 2018; 671:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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135
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Abstract
Bilateral thalamic infarction involving the artery of Percheron (AOP) can cause diagnostic difficulties due to the varying clinical presentations. AOP infarcts presented with isolated memory impairment are not common and the factors affecting the persistence of memory disorders are still unknown. A 41-year-old male patient was hospitalized with acute unconsciousness. MRI disclosed bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction The patient had isolated memory deficit and his anterograde amnesia continued without any change in the past decade. More cases might answer the questions concerning the intra- and extra-thalamic structures responsible for the amnesic syndrome and the factors affecting the persistence of the symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birsen Ince
- a Department of Neurology, Division of Cerebrovascular Disease, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Furkan Asan
- a Department of Neurology, Division of Cerebrovascular Disease, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
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136
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Taghipour M, Ghaffarpasand F. Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy for Mesial Temporal Sclerosis: Special Considerations in Geniuses. World Neurosurg 2018; 111:429-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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137
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Robin J. Spatial scaffold effects in event memory and imagination. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2018; 9:e1462. [PMID: 29485243 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Spatial context is a defining feature of episodic memories, which are often characterized as being events occurring in specific spatiotemporal contexts. In this review, I summarize research suggesting a common neural basis for episodic and spatial memory and relate this to the role of spatial context in episodic memory. I review evidence that spatial context serves as a scaffold for episodic memory and imagination, in terms of both behavioral and neural effects demonstrating a dependence of episodic memory on spatial representations. These effects are mediated by a posterior-medial set of neocortical regions, including the parahippocampal cortex, retrosplenial cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and angular gyrus, which interact with the hippocampus to represent spatial context in remembered and imagined events. I highlight questions and areas that require further research, including differentiation of hippocampal function along its long axis and subfields, and how these areas interact with the posterior-medial network. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Memory Neuroscience > Cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Robin
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Canada
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138
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Kinnavane L, Vann SD, Nelson AJD, O’Mara SM, Aggleton JP. Collateral Projections Innervate the Mammillary Bodies and Retrosplenial Cortex: A New Category of Hippocampal Cells. eNeuro 2018; 5:ENEURO.0383-17.2018. [PMID: 29527569 PMCID: PMC5844061 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0383-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the hippocampus, it is necessary to understand the subiculum. Unlike other hippocampal subfields, the subiculum projects to almost all distal hippocampal targets, highlighting its critical importance for external networks. The present studies, in male rats and mice, reveal a new category of dorsal subiculum neurons that innervate both the mammillary bodies (MBs) and the retrosplenial cortex (RSP). These bifurcating neurons comprise almost half of the hippocampal cells that project to RSP. The termination of these numerous collateral projections was visualized within the medial mammillary nucleus and the granular RSP (area 29). These collateral projections included subiculum efferents that cross to the contralateral MBs. Within the granular RSP, the collateral projections form a particularly dense plexus in deep Layer II and Layer III. This retrosplenial termination site colocalized with markers for VGluT2 and neurotensin. While efferents from the hippocampal CA fields standardly collateralize, subiculum projections often have only one target site. Consequently, the many collateral projections involving the RSP and the MBs present a relatively unusual pattern for the subiculum, which presumably relates to how both targets have complementary roles in spatial processing. Furthermore, along with the anterior thalamic nuclei, the MBs and RSP are key members of a memory circuit, which is usually described as both starting and finishing in the hippocampus. The present findings reveal how the hippocampus simultaneously engages different parts of this circuit, so forcing an important revision of this network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kinnavane
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Seralynne D. Vann
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shane M. O’Mara
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - John P. Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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139
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Unfolding the cognitive map: The role of hippocampal and extra-hippocampal substrates based on a systems analysis of spatial processing. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 147:90-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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140
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Powell AL, Hindley E, Nelson AJD, Davies M, Amin E, Aggleton JP, Vann SD. Lesions of retrosplenial cortex spare immediate-early gene activity in related limbic regions in the rat. Brain Neurosci Adv 2018; 2:2398212818811235. [PMID: 32166157 PMCID: PMC7058225 DOI: 10.1177/2398212818811235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The retrosplenial cortex forms part of a network of cortical and subcortical structures that have particular importance for spatial learning and navigation in rodents. This study examined how retrosplenial lesions affect activity in this network by visualising the expression of the immediate-early genes c-fos and zif268 after exposure to a novel location. Groups of rats with extensive cytotoxic lesions (areas 29 and 30) and rats with lesions largely confined to area 30 (dysgranular cortex) were compared with their respective control animals for levels of c-fos expression measured by immunohistochemistry. These cortical lesions had very limited effects on distal c-fos activity. Evidence of a restricted reduction in c-fos activity was seen in the septal dentate gyrus (superior blade) but not in other hippocampal and parahippocampal subareas, nor in the anterior cingulate and prelimbic cortices. Related studies examined zif268 activity in those cases with combined area 29 and 30 lesions. The only clear evidence for reduced zif268 activity following retrosplenial cell loss came from the septal CA3 area. The confined impact of retrosplenial tissue loss is notable as, by the same immediate-early gene measures, retrosplenial cortex is itself highly sensitive to damage in related limbic areas, showing a marked c-fos and zif268 hypoactivity across all of its subareas. This asymmetry in covert pathology may help to explain the apparent disparity between the severity of learning deficits after retrosplenial cortex lesions and after lesions in either the hippocampus or the anterior thalamic nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Powell
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emma Hindley
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Moira Davies
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Eman Amin
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Perry BAL, Mercer SA, Barnett SC, Lee J, Dalrymple-Alford JC. Anterior thalamic nuclei lesions have a greater impact than mammillothalamic tract lesions on the extended hippocampal system. Hippocampus 2017; 28:121-135. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brook A. L. Perry
- Department of Psychology; University of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, co-hosted by Auckland and Otago Universities; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Stephanie A. Mercer
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Otago; Dunedin
- Brain Research New Zealand, co-hosted by Auckland and Otago Universities; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Sophie C. Barnett
- Department of Psychology; University of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, co-hosted by Auckland and Otago Universities; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Jungah Lee
- Department of Psychology; University of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - John C. Dalrymple-Alford
- Department of Psychology; University of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, co-hosted by Auckland and Otago Universities; Auckland New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute; Christchurch New Zealand
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