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Pombo M, Lamé MW, Walker NJ, Huynh DH, Tablin F. TCDD and omeprazole prime platelets through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) non-genomic pathway. Toxicol Lett 2015; 235:28-36. [PMID: 25797602 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in hemostasis has recently gained increased attention. Here, we demonstrate, by qRT-PCR and western blot, that human platelets express both AhR mRNA and AhR protein. AhR protein levels increase in a dose dependent manner when incubated with either 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or omeprazole. Treatment of platelets with puromycin blocks increased AhR protein synthesis in the presence of AhR activators. Additionally, treatment of platelets with either activator results in phosphorylation of p38MAPK and cPLA2, two key signaling molecules in platelet activation pathways. Using the AhR competitive inhibitors alpha naphthoflavone and CH-223191, we show that phosphorylation of p38MAPK is AhR dependent. Further, inhibition of p38MAPK blocks downstream cPLA2 phosphorylation induced by TCDD or omeprazole. Treatment with AhR activators results in platelet priming, as demonstrated by increased platelet aggregation, which is inhibited by AhR antagonists. Our data support a model of the platelet AhR non-genomic pathway in which treatment with AhR activators results in increased expression of the AhR, phosphorylation of p38MAPK and cPLA2, leading to platelet priming in response to agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Pombo
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, Davis, United States
| | - Michael W Lamé
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Davis, United States
| | - Naomi J Walker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Danh H Huynh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, Davis, United States
| | - Fern Tablin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, Davis, United States.
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102
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Elbaz M, Nasser MW, Ravi J, Wani NA, Ahirwar DK, Zhao H, Oghumu S, Satoskar AR, Shilo K, Carson WE, Ganju RK. Modulation of the tumor microenvironment and inhibition of EGF/EGFR pathway: novel anti-tumor mechanisms of Cannabidiol in breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:906-19. [PMID: 25660577 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-tumor role and mechanisms of Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic cannabinoid compound, are not well studied especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In the present study, we analyzed CBD's anti-tumorigenic activity against highly aggressive breast cancer cell lines including TNBC subtype. We show here -for the first time-that CBD significantly inhibits epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced proliferation and chemotaxis of breast cancer cells. Further studies revealed that CBD inhibits EGF-induced activation of EGFR, ERK, AKT and NF-kB signaling pathways as well as MMP2 and MMP9 secretion. In addition, we demonstrated that CBD inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in different mouse model systems. Analysis of molecular mechanisms revealed that CBD significantly inhibits the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages in primary tumor stroma and secondary lung metastases. Similarly, our in vitro studies showed a significant reduction in the number of migrated RAW 264.7 cells towards the conditioned medium of CBD-treated cancer cells. The conditioned medium of CBD-treated cancer cells also showed lower levels of GM-CSF and CCL3 cytokines which are important for macrophage recruitment and activation. In summary, our study shows -for the first time-that CBD inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis through novel mechanisms by inhibiting EGF/EGFR signaling and modulating the tumor microenvironment. These results also indicate that CBD can be used as a novel therapeutic option to inhibit growth and metastasis of highly aggressive breast cancer subtypes including TNBC, which currently have limited therapeutic options and are associated with poor prognosis and low survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Elbaz
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA.
| | - Mohd W Nasser
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA.
| | - Janani Ravi
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA.
| | - Nissar A Wani
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA.
| | - Dinesh K Ahirwar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA.
| | - Helong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA.
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA.
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA.
| | - Konstantin Shilo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA.
| | - William E Carson
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA.
| | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 43210, USA.
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103
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Fukasawa K, Kagaya S, Maruyama S, Kuroiwa S, Masuda K, Kameyama Y, Satoh Y, Akatsu Y, Tomura A, Nishikawa K, Horie S, Ichikawa YI. A novel compound, NK150460, exhibits selective antitumor activity against breast cancer cell lines through activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:343-54. [PMID: 25522763 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antiestrogen agents are commonly used to treat patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Tamoxifen has been the mainstay of endocrine treatment for patients with early and advanced breast cancer for many years. Following tamoxifen treatment failure, however, there are still limited options for subsequent hormonal therapy. We discovered a novel compound, NK150460, that inhibits 17β-estradiol (E2)-dependent transcription without affecting binding of E2 to ER. Against our expectations, NK150460 inhibited growth of not only most ER-positive, but also some ER-negative breast cancer cell lines, while never inhibiting growth of non-breast cancer cell lines. Cell-based screening using a random shRNA library, identified aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) as a key gene involved in NK150460's antitumor mechanism. siRNAs against not only ARNT but also its counterpart aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and their target protein, CYP1A1, dramatically abrogated NK150460's growth-inhibitory activity. This suggests that the molecular cascade of AhR/ARNT plays an essential role in NK150460's antitumor mechanism. Expression of ERα was decreased by NK150460 treatment, and this was inhibited by an AhR antagonist. Unlike two other AhR agonists now undergoing clinical developmental stage, NK150460 did not induce histone H2AX phosphorylation or p53 expression, suggesting that it did not induce a DNA damage response in treated cells. Cell lines expressing epithelial markers were more sensitive to NK150460 than mesenchymal marker-expressing cells. These data indicate that NK150460 is a novel AhR agonist with selective antitumor activity against breast cancer cell lines, and its features differ from those of the other two AhR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuteru Fukasawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Group, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shigehide Kagaya
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Group, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakiko Maruyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Group, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kuroiwa
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Group, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniko Masuda
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Group, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kameyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Group, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Satoh
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Group, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Akatsu
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Group, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arihiro Tomura
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Group, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Nishikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Group, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuh-ichiro Ichikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Group, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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104
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Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is best known for mediating the toxicity and tumour-promoting properties of the carcinogen 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, commonly referred to as ‘dioxin’. AHR influences the major stages of tumorigenesis — initiation, promotion, progression and metastasis — and physiologically relevant AHR ligands are often formed during disease states or during heightened innate and adaptive immune responses. Interestingly, ligand specificity and affinity vary between rodents and humans. Studies of aggressive tumours and tumour cell lines show increased levels of AHR and constitutive localization of this receptor in the nucleus. This suggests that the AHR is chronically activated in tumours, thus facilitating tumour progression. This Review discusses the role of AHR in tumorigenesis and the potential for therapeutic modulation of its activity in tumours.
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