1
|
Volpedo G, Oljuskin T, Cox B, Mercado Y, Askwith C, Azodi N, Bernier M, Nakhasi HL, Gannavaram S, Satoskar AR. Leishmania mexicana promotes pain-reducing metabolomic reprogramming in cutaneous lesions. iScience 2023; 26:108502. [PMID: 38125023 PMCID: PMC10730346 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is characterized by extensive skin lesions, which are usually painless despite being associated with extensive inflammation. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this analgesia have not been identified. Through untargeted metabolomics, we found enriched anti-nociceptive metabolic pathways in L. mexicana-infected mice. Purines were elevated in infected macrophages and at the lesion site during chronic infection. These purines have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties by acting through adenosine receptors, inhibiting TRPV1 channels, and promoting IL-10 production. We also found arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism enriched in the ear lesions compared to the non-infected controls. AA is a metabolite of anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). These endocannabinoids act on cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 and TRPV1 channels to exert anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Our study provides evidence of metabolic pathways upregulated during L. mexicana infection that may mediate anti-nociceptive effects experienced by CL patients and identifies macrophages as a source of these metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Volpedo
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Timur Oljuskin
- Animal Parasitic Disease Lab, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Blake Cox
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yulian Mercado
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Candice Askwith
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nazli Azodi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Bernier
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hira L. Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dey R, Alshaweesh J, Singh KP, Lypaczewski P, Karmakar S, Klenow L, Paulini K, Kaviraj S, Kamhawi S, Valenzuela JG, Singh S, Hamano S, Satoskar AR, Gannavaram S, Nakhasi HL, Matlashewski G. Production of leishmanin skin test antigen from Leishmania donovani for future reintroduction in the field. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7028. [PMID: 37919280 PMCID: PMC10622560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The leishmanin skin test was used for almost a century to detect exposure and immunity to Leishmania, the causative agent of leishmaniasis, a major neglected tropical disease. Due to a lack of antigen used for the intradermal injection, the leishmanin skin test is no longer available. As leishmaniasis control programs are advancing and new vaccines are entering clinical trials, it is essential to re-introduce the leishmanin skin test. Here we establish a Leishmania donovani strain and describe the production, under Good Laboratory Practice conditions, of leishmanin soluble antigen used to induce the leishmanin skin test in animal models of infection and vaccination. Using a mouse model of cutaneous leishmaniasis and a hamster model of visceral leishmaniasis, soluble antigen induces a leishmanin skin test response following infection and vaccination with live attenuated Leishmania major (LmCen-/-). Both the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells are necessary for the leishmanin skin test response. This study demonstrates the feasibility of large-scale production of leishmanin antigen addressing a major bottleneck for performing the leishmanin skin test in future surveillance and vaccine clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranadhir Dey
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jalal Alshaweesh
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Patrick Lypaczewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Subir Karmakar
- Gennova Biopharmaceuticals, Hinjawadi Phase II, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Laura Klenow
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kayla Paulini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Swarnendu Kaviraj
- Gennova Biopharmaceuticals, Hinjawadi Phase II, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shaden Kamhawi
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, 20852, USA
| | - Jesus G Valenzuela
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, 20852, USA
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Gennova Biopharmaceuticals, Hinjawadi Phase II, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Shinjiro Hamano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
- The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Hira L Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Greg Matlashewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karagiannis K, Gannavaram S, Verma C, Pacheco-Fernandez T, Bhattacharya P, Nakhasi HL, Satoskar AR. Dual-scRNA-seq analysis reveals rare and uncommon parasitized cell populations in chronic L. donovani infection. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113097. [PMID: 37682713 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although phagocytic cells are documented targets of Leishmania parasites, it is unclear whether other cell types can be infected. Here, we use unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to simultaneously analyze host cell and Leishmania donovani transcriptomes to identify and annotate parasitized cells in spleen and bone marrow in chronically infected mice. Our dual-scRNA-seq methodology allows the detection of heterogeneous parasitized populations. In the spleen, monocytes and macrophages are the dominant parasitized cells, while megakaryocytes, basophils, and natural killer (NK) cells are found to be unexpectedly infected. In the bone marrow, the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) expressing phagocytic receptors FcγR and CD93 are the main parasitized cells. Additionally, we also detect parasitized cycling basal cells, eosinophils, and macrophages in chronically infected mice. Flow cytometric analysis confirms the presence of parasitized HSCs. Our unbiased dual-scRNA-seq method identifies rare, parasitized cells, potentially implicated in pathogenesis, persistence, and protective immunity, using a non-targeted approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Parna Bhattacharya
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hira L Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oljuskin T, Azodi N, Volpedo G, Bhattacharya P, Markle HL, Hamano S, Matlashewski G, Satoskar AR, Gannavaram S, Nakhasi HL. Leishmania major centrin knock-out parasites reprogram tryptophan metabolism to induce a pro-inflammatory response. iScience 2023; 26:107593. [PMID: 37744403 PMCID: PMC10517402 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is prevalent in 90 countries, and yet no licensed human vaccine exists against it. Toward control of leishmaniasis, we have developed Leishmania major centrin gene deletion mutant strains (LmCen-/-) as a live attenuated vaccine, which induces a strong IFN-γ-mediated protection to the host. However, the immune mechanisms of such protection remain to be understood. Metabolomic reprogramming of the host cells following Leishmania infection has been shown to play a critical role in pathogenicity and shaping the immune response following infection. Here, we applied untargeted mass spectrometric analysis to study the metabolic changes induced by infection with LmCen-/- and compared those with virulent L. major parasite infection to identify the immune mechanism of protection. Our data show that immunization with LmCen-/- parasites, in contrast to virulent L. major infection promotes a pro-inflammatory response by utilizing tryptophan to produce melatonin and downregulate anti-inflammatory kynurenine-AhR and FICZ-AhR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timur Oljuskin
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Nazli Azodi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Parna Bhattacharya
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Hannah L. Markle
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Shinjiro Hamano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Leadership Program, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Greg Matlashewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Hira L. Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Volpedo G, Pacheco-Fernandez T, Oljuskin T, Markle HL, Azodi N, Hamano S, Matlashewski G, Gannavaram S, Nakhasi HL, Satoskar AR. Leishmania mexicana centrin knockout parasites promote M1-polarizing metabolic changes. iScience 2023; 26:107594. [PMID: 37744404 PMCID: PMC10517399 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease prevalent in 90 countries. Presently, there is no approved vaccine for human use. We developed a live attenuated L. mexicana Cen-/-(LmexCen-/-) strain as a vaccine candidate that showed excellent efficacy, characterized by reduced Th2 and enhanced Th1 responses in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, respectively, compared to wild-type L. mexicana (LmexWT) infection. Toward understanding the immune mechanisms of protection, we applied untargeted mass spectrometric analysis to LmexCen-/- and LmexWT infections. Data showed enrichment of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in ears immunized with LmexCen-/-versus naive and LmexWT infection. PPP promotes M1 polarization in macrophages, suggesting a switch to a pro-inflammatory phenotype following LmexCen-/- inoculation. Accordingly, PPP inhibition in macrophages infected with LmexCen-/- reduced the production of nitric oxide and interleukin (IL)-1β, hallmarks of classical activation. Overall, our study revealed the immune regulatory mechanisms that may be critical for the induction of protective immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Volpedo
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Timur Oljuskin
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hannah L. Markle
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nazli Azodi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Shinjiro Hamano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Leadership Program, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Greg Matlashewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hira L. Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pacheco-Fernandez T, Markle H, Verma C, Huston R, Gannavaram S, Nakhasi HL, Satoskar AR. Field-Deployable Treatments For Leishmaniasis: Intrinsic Challenges, Recent Developments and Next Steps. Res Rep Trop Med 2023; 14:61-85. [PMID: 37492219 PMCID: PMC10364832 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s392606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease endemic primarily to low- and middle-income countries, for which there has been inadequate development of affordable, safe, and efficacious therapies. Clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis range from self-healing skin lesions to lethal visceral infection with chances of relapse. Although treatments are available, secondary effects limit their use outside the clinic and negatively impact the quality of life of patients in endemic areas. Other non-medicinal treatments, such as thermotherapies, are limited to use in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis but not with visceral infection. Recent studies shed light to mechanisms through which Leishmania can persist by hiding in cellular safe havens, even after chemotherapies. This review focuses on exploring the cellular niches that Leishmania parasites may be leveraging to persist within the host. Also, the cellular, metabolic, and molecular implications of Leishmania infection and how those could be targeted for therapeutic purposes are discussed. Other therapies, such as those developed against cancer or for manipulation of the ferroptosis pathway, are proposed as possible treatments against leishmaniasis due to their mechanisms of action. In particular, treatments that target hematopoietic stem cells and monocytes, which have recently been found to be necessary components to sustain the infection and provide a safe niche for the parasites are discussed in this review as potential field-deployable treatments against leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Disease, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Hannah Markle
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Disease, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
| | - Ryan Huston
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Disease, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Hira L Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Disease, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yentur Doni N, Bertani PJ, Volpedo G, Saljoughian N, Varikuti S, Matlashewski G, Lu W, Satoskar AR. Development of a novel immunoFET technology-based POC assay for detection of Leishmania donovani and Leishmania major. Parasite Immunol 2023:e12984. [PMID: 37183939 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is considered as one of the 20 neglected tropical diseases. Current methods of leishmanial diagnosis depend on conventional laboratory-based techniques, which are time-consuming, costly and require special equipment and trained personnel. In this context, we aimed to provide an immuno field effect transistors (ImmunoFET) biosensor that matches the conventional standards for point-of-care (POC) monitoring and detection of Leishmania (L.) donovani/Leishmania major. Crude antigens prepared by repeated freeze thawing of L. donovani/L. major stationary phase promastigotes were used for ELISA and ImmunoFETs. Lesishmania-specific antigens were serially diluted in 1× PBS from a concentration of 106 -102 parasites/mL. A specific polyclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA was established for the detection of Leishmania antigens. An immunoFET technology-based POC novel assay was constructed for the detection of Leishmania antigens. Interactions between antigen-antibody at the gate surface generate an electrical signal that can be measured by semiconductor field-effect principles. Sensitivity was considered and measured as the change in current divided by the initial current. The final L. donovani/L. major crude antigen protein concentrations were measured as 1.50 mg/mL. Sandwich ELISA against the Leishmania 40S ribosomal protein detected Leishmania antigens could detect as few as 100 L. donovani/L. major parasites. An immunoFET biosensor was constructed based on the optimization of aluminium gallium nitride/gallium nitride (AlGaN/GaN) surface oxidation methods. The device surface was composed by an AlGaN/GaN wafer with a 23 nm AlGaN barrier layer, a 2 μm GaN layer on the silicon carbide (SiC) substrate for Leishmania binding, and coated with a specific antibody against the Leishmania 40S ribosomal protein, which was successfully detected at concentrations from 106 to 102 parasites/mL in 1× PBS. At the concentration of 104 parasites, the immunoFETs device sensitivities were 13% and 0.052% in the sub-threshold regime and the saturation regime, respectively. Leishmania parasites were successfully detected by the ImmunoFET biosensor at a diluted concentration as low as 150 ng/mL. In this study, the developed ImmunoFET biosensor performed well. ImmunoFET biosensors can be used as an alternative diagnostic method to ELISA. Increasing the sensitivity and optimization of immuno-FET biosensors might allow earlier and faster detection of leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nebiye Yentur Doni
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Harran University, Türkiye
- Wexner Medical Centre, Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, The Ohio State of University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul J Bertani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Wexner Medical Centre, Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, The Ohio State of University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Noushin Saljoughian
- Wexner Medical Centre, Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, The Ohio State of University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Wexner Medical Centre, Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, The Ohio State of University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Greg Matlashewski
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State of university, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Wu Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Wexner Medical Centre, Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, The Ohio State of University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jha BK, Varikuti S, Verma C, Shivahare R, Bishop N, Dos Santos GP, McDonald J, Sur A, Myler PJ, Schenkman S, Satoskar AR, McGwire BS. Immunization with a Trypanosoma cruzi cyclophilin-19 deletion mutant protects against acute Chagas disease in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:63. [PMID: 37185599 PMCID: PMC10130101 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease for which there are no prophylactic vaccines. Cyclophilin 19 is a secreted cis-trans peptidyl isomerase expressed in all life stages of Trypanosoma cruzi. This protein in the insect stage leads to the inactivation of insect anti-parasitic peptides and parasite transformation whereas in the intracellular amastigotes it participates in generating ROS promoting the growth of parasites. We have generated a parasite mutant with depleted expression of Cyp19 by removal of 2 of 3 genes encoding this protein using double allelic homologous recombination. The mutant parasite line failed to replicate when inoculated into host cells in vitro or in mice indicating that Cyp19 is critical for infectivity. The mutant parasite line also fails to replicate in or cause clinical disease in immuno-deficient mice further validating their lack of virulence. Repeated inoculation of mutant parasites into immuno-competent mice elicits parasite-specific trypanolytic antibodies and a Th-1 biased immune response and challenge of mutant immunized mice with virulent wild-type parasites is 100% effective at preventing death from acute disease. These results suggest that parasite Cyp19 may be candidate for small molecule drug targeting and that the mutant parasite line may warrant further immunization studies for prevention of Chagas disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Kumar Jha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chaitenya Verma
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rahul Shivahare
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas Bishop
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gregory P Dos Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacquelyn McDonald
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aakash Sur
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter J Myler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sergio Schenkman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Bradford S McGwire
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Legorreta-Herrera M, Rodriguez-Sosa M, Satoskar AR. Editorial: Regulation of the host's immune system by parasitic infections and its implications. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1118692. [PMID: 36619752 PMCID: PMC9811811 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1118692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Legorreta-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Química Computacional, Síntesis y Farmacología de Moléculas de Interés Biológico, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico,*Correspondence: Martha Legorreta-Herrera,
| | - Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata. Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Department of Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shukla S, Huston RH, Cox BD, Satoskar AR, Narayan RJ. Transdermal delivery via medical device technologies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1505-1519. [PMID: 36222232 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2135503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite their effectiveness and indispensability, many drugs are poorly solvated in aqueous solutions. Over recent decades, the need for targeted drug delivery has led to the development of pharmaceutical formulations with enhanced lipid solubility to improve their delivery properties. Therefore, a dependable approach for administering lipid-soluble drugs needs to be developed. AREAS COVERED The advent of 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the development of medical devices, which can effectively enable the delivery of lipophilic drugs to the targeted tissues. This review focuses on the use of microneedles and iontophoresis for transdermal drug delivery. Microneedle arrays, inkjet printing, and fused deposition modeling have emerged as valuable approaches for delivering several classes of drugs. In addition, iontophoresis has been successfully employed for the effective delivery of macromolecular drugs. EXPERT OPINION Microneedle arrays, inkjet printing, and fused deposition are potentially useful for many drug delivery applications; however, the clinical and commercial adoption rates of these technologies are relatively low. Additional efforts is needed to enable the pharmaceutical community to fully realize the benefits of these technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Shukla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Ryan H Huston
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12 Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Blake D Cox
- Division of Anatomy, The Ohio State University, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ismail N, Karmakar S, Bhattacharya P, Sepahpour T, Takeda K, Hamano S, Matlashewski G, Satoskar AR, Gannavaram S, Dey R, Nakhasi HL. Leishmania Major Centrin Gene-Deleted Parasites Generate Skin Resident Memory T-Cell Immune Response Analogous to Leishmanization. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864031. [PMID: 35419001 PMCID: PMC8996177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease transmitted through the bite of a sand fly with no available vaccine for humans. Recently, we have developed a live attenuated Leishmania major centrin gene-deleted parasite strain (LmCen-/- ) that induced protection against homologous and heterologous challenges. We demonstrated that the protection is mediated by IFN (Interferon) γ-secreting CD4+ T-effector cells and multifunctional T cells, which is analogous to leishmanization. In addition, in a leishmanization model, skin tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells were also shown to be crucial for host protection. In this study, we evaluated the generation and function of skin TRM cells following immunization with LmCen-/- parasites and compared those with leishmanization. We show that immunization with LmCen-/- generated skin CD4+ TRM cells and is supported by the induction of cytokines and chemokines essential for their production and survival similar to leishmanization. Following challenge with wild-type L. major, TRM cells specific to L. major were rapidly recruited and proliferated at the site of infection in the immunized mice. Furthermore, upon challenge, CD4+ TRM cells induce higher levels of IFNγ and Granzyme B in the immunized and leishmanized mice than in non-immunized mice. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that the genetically modified live attenuated LmCen -/- vaccine generates functional CD4+ skin TRM cells, similar to leishmanization, that may play a crucial role in host protection along with effector T cells as shown in our previous study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nevien Ismail
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Subir Karmakar
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Parna Bhattacharya
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Telly Sepahpour
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Kazuyo Takeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Shinjiro Hamano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Greg Matlashewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Ranadhir Dey
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Hira L Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Volpedo G, Pacheco-Fernandez T, Holcomb EA, Zhang WW, Lypaczewski P, Cox B, Fultz R, Mishan C, Verma C, Huston RH, Wharton AR, Dey R, Karmakar S, Oghumu S, Hamano S, Gannavaram S, Nakhasi HL, Matlashewski G, Satoskar AR. Centrin-deficient Leishmania mexicana confers protection against New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:32. [PMID: 35236861 PMCID: PMC8891280 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected protozoan disease affecting over 12 million people globally with no approved vaccines for human use. New World cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by L. mexicana is characterized by the development of chronic non-healing skin lesions. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we have generated live attenuated centrin knockout L. mexicana (LmexCen-/-) parasites. Centrin is a cytoskeletal protein important for cellular division in eukaryotes and, in Leishmania, is required only for intracellular amastigote replication. We have investigated the safety and immunogenicity characteristics of LmexCen-/- parasites by evaluating their survival and the cytokine production in bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro. Our data shows that LmexCen-/- amastigotes present a growth defect, which results in significantly lower parasitic burdens and increased protective cytokine production in infected BMDMs and BMDCs, compared to the wild type (WT) parasites. We have also determined the safety and efficacy of LmexCen-/- in vivo using experimental murine models of L. mexicana. We demonstrate that LmexCen-/- parasites are safe and do not cause lesions in susceptible mouse models. Immunization with LmexCen-/- is also efficacious against challenge with WT L. mexicana parasites in genetically different BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse models. Vaccinated mice did not develop cutaneous lesions, displayed protective immunity, and showed significantly lower parasitic burdens at the infection site and draining lymph nodes compared to the control group. Overall, we demonstrate that LmexCen-/- parasites are safe and efficacious against New World cutaneous leishmaniasis in pre-clinical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Volpedo
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Erin A Holcomb
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Wen-Wei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Lypaczewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Blake Cox
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rebecca Fultz
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Chelsea Mishan
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ryan H Huston
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Abigail R Wharton
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ranadhir Dey
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Subir Karmakar
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shinjiro Hamano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Leadership Program, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hira L Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Greg Matlashewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Charan M, Das S, Mishra S, Varikuti S, Satoskar AR, Ganju RK. Abstract P4-04-12: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor regulates triple-negative breast cancer progression by enhancing the recruitment of immune suppressive cells. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p4-04-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15-20% of all breast cancers and lacks the expression of estrogen, progesterone, and Her2 receptors. TNBC is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer that has been associated with poorer prognosis and worse overall survival rate. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multipotent pro-inflammatory cytokine, highly expressed in various cancers and reported to enhance tumor growth and metastasis. However, its role in influencing the anti-tumor immunity is unexplored. We have previously shown that MIF promotes TNBC growth and metastasis. In addition, CPSI-1306 (MIF inhibitor), reduces its oncogenic effects. Here, we have shown that MIF downregulation in human TNBC xenografts correlate with reduced infiltration of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Furthermore, using a MIF knockout mouse model, we detected reduced MDSC population in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, we observed higher recruitment and increased proliferation of CD3+ T cells. Furthermore, we utilized a syngeneic mouse model to study the effect of MIF inhibition on infiltration of different immune cells in-vivo. CPSI-1306 treatment decreased the recruitment of MDSCs in both the tumor and spleen. In addition, CPSI-1306 treatment promotes the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in both the tumor and spleen. However, CPSI-1306 treatment did not influence the recruitment of CD4+ T cells. We further analyzed the expression of various cytokines and chemokines in blood sera of control and CPSI-1306 treated mice groups using a cytokine array kit. We observed that CPSI-1306 treatment group showed reduced levels of GCSF, GMCSF, IL-2 and IL-4 levels compared to vehicle control groups. Overall, our data strongly suggests that small molecular weight MIF inhibitors could be a potential strategy against TNBC.
Citation Format: Manish Charan, Subhadip Das, Sanjay Mishra, Sanjay Varikuti, Abhay R Satoskar, Ramesh K Ganju. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor regulates triple-negative breast cancer progression by enhancing the recruitment of immune suppressive cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-04-12.
Collapse
|
14
|
Khalid S, Salman S, Iqbal K, Rehman FU, Ullah I, Satoskar AR, Khan GM, Dar MJ. Surfactant free synthesis of cationic nano-vesicles: A safe triple drug loaded vehicle for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Nanomedicine 2021; 40:102490. [PMID: 34748957 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The basic aim of the study was to develop and evaluate the triple drug loaded cationic nano-vesicles (cNVs), where miltefosine was used as a replacement of surfactant (apart from its anti-leishmanial role), in addition to meglumine antimoniate (MAM) and imiquimod (Imq), as a combination therapy for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The optimized formulation was nano-sized (86.2±2.7nm) with high entrapment efficiency (63.8±2.1% (MAM) and 81.4±2.3% (Imq)). In-vivo skin irritation assay showed reduced irritation potential and a decrease in the cytotoxicity of cNVs as compared to conventional NVs (having sodium deoxycholate as a surfactant). A synergistic interaction between drugs was observed against intracellular amastigotes, whereas the in-vivo antileishmanial study presented a significant reduction in the parasitic burden. The results suggested the potential of surfactant free, triple drug loaded cNVs as an efficient vehicle for the safe topical treatment of CL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Khalid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Registration, Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP), Islamabad 44090, Pakistan
| | - Saad Salman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Iqbal
- Nanomedicine Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Lahore-Islamabad campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Fiza Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Iffat Ullah
- Nanomedicine Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Lahore-Islamabad campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - M Junaid Dar
- Nanomedicine Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Lahore-Islamabad campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Volpedo G, Pacheco-Fernandez T, Bhattacharya P, Oljuskin T, Dey R, Gannavaram S, Satoskar AR, Nakhasi HL. Determinants of Innate Immunity in Visceral Leishmaniasis and Their Implication in Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2021; 12:748325. [PMID: 34712235 PMCID: PMC8546207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is endemic to the tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is transmitted by the bite of an infected sand fly. The multifaceted interactions between Leishmania, the host innate immune cells, and the adaptive immunity determine the severity of pathogenesis and disease development. Leishmania parasites establish a chronic infection by subversion and attenuation of the microbicidal functions of phagocytic innate immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Other innate cells such as inflammatory monocytes, mast cells and NK cells, also contribute to resistance and/or susceptibility to Leishmania infection. In addition to the cytokine/chemokine signals from the innate immune cells, recent studies identified the subtle shifts in the metabolic pathways of the innate cells that activate distinct immune signal cascades. The nexus between metabolic pathways, epigenetic reprogramming and the immune signaling cascades that drive the divergent innate immune responses, remains to be fully understood in Leishmania pathogenesis. Further, development of safe and efficacious vaccines against Leishmaniasis requires a broader understanding of the early interactions between the parasites and innate immune cells. In this review we focus on the current understanding of the specific role of innate immune cells, the metabolomic and epigenetic reprogramming and immune regulation that occurs during visceral leishmaniasis, and the strategies used by the parasite to evade and modulate host immunity. We highlight how such pathways could be exploited in the development of safe and efficacious Leishmania vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Volpedo
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Parna Bhattacharya
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Timur Oljuskin
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Ranadhir Dey
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hira L Nakhasi
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Volpedo G, Huston RH, Holcomb EA, Pacheco-Fernandez T, Gannavaram S, Bhattacharya P, Nakhasi HL, Satoskar AR. From infection to vaccination: reviewing the global burden, history of vaccine development, and recurring challenges in global leishmaniasis protection. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1431-1446. [PMID: 34511000 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1969231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem and the second most lethal parasitic disease in the world due to the lack of effective treatments and vaccines. Even when not lethal, leishmaniasis significantly affects individuals and communities through life-long disabilities, psycho-sociological trauma, poverty, and gender disparity in treatment. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the most relevant and recent research available on Pubmed and GoogleScholar highlighting leishmaniasis' global impact, pathogenesis, treatment options, and lack of effective control strategies. An effective vaccine is necessary to prevent morbidity and mortality, lower health care costs, and reduce the economic burden of leishmaniasis for endemic low- and middle-income countries. Since there are several forms of leishmaniasis, a pan-Leishmania vaccine without geographical restrictions is needed. This review also focuses on recent advances and common challenges in developing prophylactic strategies against leishmaniasis. EXPERT OPINION Despite advances in pre-clinical vaccine research, approval of a human leishmaniasis vaccine still faces major challenges - including manufacturing of candidate vaccines under Good Manufacturing Practices, developing well-designed clinical trials suitable in endemic countries, and defined correlates of protection. In addition, there is a need to explore Challenge Human Infection Model to avoid large trials because of fluctuating incidence and prevalence of leishmanasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Volpedo
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ryan H Huston
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Erin A Holcomb
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Parna Bhattacharya
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hira L Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shaheen N, Verma C, Pacheco-Fernandez T, Volpedo G, Hamid A, Zeb I, Shah SAA, Fahad S, Iqbal A, Ashraf A, Khan A, Gul M, Khan MI, Fatima H, Afzal M, Satoskar AR, Qureshi NA. Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of cutaneous leishmaniasis from North Eastern Pakistan. Acta Trop 2021; 221:105964. [PMID: 34023304 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of Leishmania spp. in North Eastern Pakistan remains undetermined despite increased cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). This study was designed to decipher the molecular characterization and genetic diversity of Leishmania spp. in North Eastern Pakistan. Out of 13761 CL suspected cases, 567 cases were microscopically positive and confirmed as Leishmania spp. by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene amplification through the PCR- RFLP technique. Further, isolates were directly sequenced to conduct phylogenetic analysis for genetic diversity. Among suspected CL cases, Mirpur showed the highest proportion of CL infection with 4.85% (118/2431) of the cases, while the Neelum district showed the lowest percentage at 3.29% (9/273). The slide positivity rate, annual blood examination rate, and annual parasite incidence rate were 3.84, 0.27, and 0.01% respectively, and the incidence of CL in the age group 1-20 years old was higher in males (50.92%) than females (25.75%). The RFLP analysis and sequencing confirmed the occurrence of Leishmania tropica, Leishmania major, and Leishmania infantum. Leishmania tropica (p = 0.02) confirmed significantly higher nucleotides variation than L. major (p = 0.05). Current findings confirmed the prior assumption that anthroponotic CL is the primary CL form present in North Eastern Pakistan. Moreover, this is the first report based on molecular identification of L. major, and L. infantum from North Eastern Pakistan. This remarkable heterogeneity in the Leishmania spp. is the leading cause of treatment failure and emergence of new haplotypes. Therefore more extensive investigations are recommended from all geographical regions of North Eastern Pakistan, especially those using a large sample size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Shaheen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Aneeqa Hamid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ismail Zeb
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Syed Aizaz Ali Shah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Attiya Iqbal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Khan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Departement of Zoology, Faculty of Science,University of lakki marwat 28420, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Gul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ilyas Khan
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Huma Fatima
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Naveeda Akhter Qureshi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Varikuti S, Verma C, Holcomb E, Jha BK, Viana A, Maryala R, Lamenza F, McElwain BK, Doni NY, Papenfuss T, Oghumu S, Gannavaram S, Nakhasi HL, Satoskar AR. MicroRNA-21 Deficiency Promotes the Early Th1 Immune Response and Resistance toward Visceral Leishmaniasis. J Immunol 2021; 207:1322-1332. [PMID: 34341171 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) inhibits IL-12 expression and impairs the Th1 response necessary for control of Leishmania infection. Recent studies have shown that Leishmania infection induces miR-21 expression in dendritic cells and macrophages, and inhibition of miR-21 restores IL-12 expression. Because miR-21 is known to be expressed due to inflammatory stimuli in a wide range of hematopoietic cells, we investigated the role of miR-21 in regulating immune responses during visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani infection. We found that miR-21 expression was significantly elevated in dendritic cells, macrophages, inflammatory monocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and in the spleen and liver tissues after L. donovani infection, concomitant with an increased expression of disease exacerbating IL-6 and STAT3. Bone marrow dendritic cells from miR-21 knockout (miR-21KO) mice showed increased IL-12 production and decreased production of IL-10. On L. donovani infection, miR-21KO mice exhibited significantly greater numbers of IFN-γ- and TNF-α-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in their organs that was associated with increased production of Th1-associated IFN-γ, TNF-α, and NO from the splenocytes. Finally, miR-21KO mice displayed significantly more developing and mature hepatic granulomas leading to reduction in organ parasitic loads compared with wild type counterparts. Similar results were noted in L. donovani-infected wild type mice after transient miR-21 depletion. These observations indicate that miR-21 plays a critical role in pathogenesis of VL by suppressing IL-12- and Th1-associated IFN-γ and also inducing disease-promoting induction of the IL-6 and STAT-3 signaling pathway. miR-21 could therefore be used as a potential target for developing host-directed treatment for VL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH.,Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Erin Holcomb
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Bijay Kumar Jha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Agostinho Viana
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Ritvik Maryala
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Felipe Lamenza
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Bryan K McElwain
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Nebiye Yentur Doni
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Tracey Papenfuss
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; and
| | - Hira L Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; and
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH; .,Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Volpedo G, Pacheco-Fernandez T, Holcomb EA, Cipriano N, Cox B, Satoskar AR. Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis And Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:685296. [PMID: 34169006 PMCID: PMC8217655 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.685296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects 12 million people worldwide. The disease has high morbidity and mortality rates and is prevalent in over 80 countries, leaving more than 300 million people at risk of infection. Of all of the manifestations of this disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form and it presents as ulcerating skin lesions that can self-heal or become chronic, leading to disfiguring scars. This review focuses on the different pathologies and disease manifestations of CL, as well as their varying degrees of severity. In particular, this review will discuss self-healing localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), leishmaniasis recidivans (LR), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), anergic diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (ADCL), disseminated leishmaniasis (DL), and Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL), which is a cutaneous manifestation observed in some visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients after successful treatment. The different clinical manifestations of CL are determined by a variety of factors including the species of the parasites and the host's immune response. Specifically, the balance between the pro and anti-inflammatory mediators plays a vital role in the clinical presentation and outcome of the disease. Depending upon the immune response, Leishmania infection can also transition from one form of the disease to another. In this review, different forms of cutaneous Leishmania infections and their immunology are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Volpedo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbiology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Erin A. Holcomb
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Natalie Cipriano
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Blake Cox
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbiology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fatima N, Sheikh N, Satoskar AR, Jha BK, Akhtar T, Tayyeb A, Ashfaq I. Interaction of tacrolimus through hedgehog signaling pathway: An in vitro evaluation using rat hepatocytes. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1955-1961. [PMID: 33977768 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211017313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tacrolimus (TAC) is the drug of choice in immunosuppressive therapy for organ transplantation; however, adverse effects are still a major concern. The current study aims to decipher the short-term exposure of TAC on rat hepatocytes in relation to activation of hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway. Time dependent study was conducted using primary rat hepatocytes treated with TAC (36 µM) for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Western blot analysis was performed using cell lysate in order to analyze the regulation of HH pathway proteins including HHIP, SMO, PTCH, IHH, SHH, and GLI transcription factors. The study revealed change in protein expression of HH signaling molecules with activation of HH pathway, due to downregulation of HHIP, and enrichment of HH ligands with activation of SMO and GLI transcription factors. It is therefore, concluded that short term TAC exposure leads to upregulation of HH pathway in liver, which may initially act to repair the liver damage but can worsen the condition in case of prolonged immunosuppressive therapy. This insight could lead to understand association of off target effects of immunosuppressive drugs and occurrence of other liver diseases in transplant patients when it comes to long term immunosuppressive therapy. These findings also illuminate a novel direction that use of HH inhibitor might provide a therapeutic strategy for immune suppression related liver disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Fatima
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - N Sheikh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - B K Jha
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Tayyeb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - I Ashfaq
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Varikuti S, Verma C, Natarajan G, Oghumu S, Satoskar AR. MicroRNA155 Plays a Critical Role in the Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Leishmania major Infection by Promoting a Th2 Response and Attenuating Dendritic Cell Activity. Am J Pathol 2021; 191:809-816. [PMID: 33539779 PMCID: PMC8132173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-γ is indispensable in the resolution of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), while the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 mediate susceptibility. A recent study found that miR155, which promotes CD4+ Th1 response and IFN-γ production, is dispensable in the control of Leishmania donovani infection. Here, the role of miR155 in CL caused by L. major was investigated using miR155-deficient (miR155-/-) mice. Infection was controlled significantly quicker in the miR155-/- mice than in their wild-type (WT) counterparts, indicating that miR155 contributes to the pathogenesis of CL. Faster resolution of infection in miR155-/- mice was associated with increased levels of Th1-associated IL-12 and IFN-γ and reduced production of Th2- associated IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. Concentrations of IFN-γ+CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells in draining lymph nodes were significantly higher in the L. major-infected miR155-/- mice than in the infected WT mice, as indicated by flow-cytometry. After in vitro IFN-γ stimulation, nitric oxide and IL-12 production were increased, IL-10 production was decreased, and parasite clearance was enhanced in L. major-infected miR155-/- DCs compared to those in WT DCs. Furthermore, IFN-γ production from activated miR155-/- T cells was significantly enhanced in L. major-infected miR155-/- DCs. Together, these findings demonstrate that miR155 promotes susceptibility to CL caused by L. major by promoting Th2 response and inhibiting DC function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gayathri Natarajan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zheng Z, Chen J, Ma G, Satoskar AR, Li J. Integrative genomic, proteomic and phenotypic studies of Leishmania donovani strains revealed genetic features associated with virulence and antimony-resistance. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:510. [PMID: 33046138 PMCID: PMC7552375 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Emerging drug resistance of Leishmania species poses threaten to the effective control and elimination programme of this neglected tropical disease. Methods In this work, we conducted drug-resistance testing, whole genome resequencing and proteome profiling for a recently reported clinical isolate with supposed drug resistance (HCZ), and two reference sensitive strains (DD8 and 9044) of Leishmania donovani, to explore molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance in this parasite. Results With reference to DD8 and 9044 strains, HCZ isolate showed higher-level virulence and clear resistance to antimonials in promastigote culture, infected macrophages and animal experiment. Pairwise genomic comparisons revealed genetic variations (86 copy number variations, 271 frameshift mutations in protein-coding genes and two site mutations in non-coding genes) in HCZ isolate that were absent from the reference sensitive strains. Proteomic analysis indicated different protein expression between HCZ isolate and reference strains, including 69 exclusively detected proteins and 82 consistently down-/upregulated molecules in the HCZ isolate. Integrative analysis showed linkage of 12 genomic variations (gene duplication, insertion and deletion) and their protein expression changes in HCZ isolate, which might be associated with pathogenic and antimony-resistant phenotype. Functional annotation analyses further indicated that molecules involved in nucleotide-binding, fatty acid metabolism, oxidation-reduction and transport might play a role in host-parasite interaction and drug-resistance. Conclusions This comprehensive integrative work provided novel insights into the genetic basis underlying virulence and resistance, suggesting new aspects to be investigated for a better intervention against L. donovani and associated diseases.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwan Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangxu Ma
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Varikuti S, Jha BK, Holcomb EA, McDaniel JC, Karpurapu M, Srivastava N, McGwire BS, Satoskar AR, Parinandi NL. The role of vascular endothelium and exosomes in human protozoan parasitic diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4. [PMID: 33089078 PMCID: PMC7575144 DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2020.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is a vital component in maintaining the structure and function of blood vessels. The endothelial cells (ECs) mediate vital regulatory functions such as the proliferation of cells, permeability of various tissue membranes, and exchange of gases, thrombolysis, blood flow, and homeostasis. The vascular endothelium also regulates inflammation and immune cell trafficking, and ECs serve as a replicative niche for many bacterial, viral, and protozoan infectious diseases. Endothelial dysfunction can lead to vasodilation and pro-inflammation, which are the hallmarks of many severe diseases. Exosomes are nanoscale membrane-bound vesicles that emerge from cells and serve as important extracellular components, which facilitate communication between cells and maintain homeostasis during normal and pathophysiological states. Exosomes are also involved in gene transfer, inflammation and antigen presentation, and mediation of the immune response during pathogenic states. Protozoa are a diverse group of unicellular organisms that cause many infectious diseases in humans. In this regard, it is becoming increasingly evident that many protozoan parasites (such as Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Toxoplasma) utilize exosomes for the transfer of their virulence factors and effector molecules into the host cells, which manipulate the host gene expression, immune responses, and other biological activities to establish and modulate infection. In this review, we discuss the role of the vascular endothelium and exosomes in and their contribution to pathogenesis in malaria, African sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis with an emphasis on their actions on the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA.,Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Bijay Kumar Jha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Erin A Holcomb
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Jodi C McDaniel
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Manjula Karpurapu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Nidhi Srivastava
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Bradford S McGwire
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Narasimham L Parinandi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Phelps CC, Vadia S, Boyaka PN, Varikuti S, Attia Z, Dubey P, Satoskar AR, Tweten R, Seveau S. A listeriolysin O subunit vaccine is protective against Listeria monocytogenes. Vaccine 2020; 38:5803-5813. [PMID: 32684498 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen responsible for the life-threatening disease listeriosis. The pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO) is a critical virulence factor that plays a major role in the L. monocytogenes intracellular lifecycle and is indispensable for pathogenesis. LLO is also a dominant antigen for T cells involved in sterilizing immunity and it was proposed that LLO acts as a T cell adjuvant. In this work, we generated a novel full-length LLO toxoid (LLOT) in which the cholesterol-recognition motif, a threonine-leucine pair located at the tip of the LLO C-terminal domain, was substituted with two glycine residues. We showed that LLOT lost its ability to bind cholesterol and to form pores. Importantly, LLOT retained binding to the surface of epithelial cells and macrophages, suggesting that it could efficiently be captured by antigen-presenting cells. We then determined if LLOT can be used as an antigen and adjuvant to protect mice from L. monocytogenes infection. Mice were immunized with LLOT alone or together with cholera toxin or Alum as adjuvants. We found that mice immunized with LLOT alone or in combination with the Th2-inducing adjuvant Alum were not protected against L. monocytogenes. On the other hand, mice immunized with LLOT along with the experimental adjuvant cholera toxin, were protected against L. monocytogenes, as evidenced by a significant decrease in bacterial burden in the liver and spleen three days post-infection. This immunization regimen elicited mixed Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses, as well as the generation of LLO-neutralizing antibodies. Further, we identified T cells as being required for immunization-induced reductions in bacterial burden, whereas B cells were dispensable in our model of non-pregnant young mice. Overall, this work establishes that LLOT is a promising vaccine antigen for the induction of protective immunity against L. monocytogenes by subunit vaccines containing Th1-driving adjuvants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Phelps
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephen Vadia
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Prosper N Boyaka
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zayed Attia
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rodney Tweten
- Department of Microbial & Immunology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stephanie Seveau
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang WW, Karmakar S, Gannavaram S, Dey R, Lypaczewski P, Ismail N, Siddiqui A, Simonyan V, Oliveira F, Coutinho-Abreu IV, DeSouza-Vieira T, Meneses C, Oristian J, Serafim TD, Musa A, Nakamura R, Saljoughian N, Volpedo G, Satoskar M, Satoskar S, Dagur PK, McCoy JP, Kamhawi S, Valenzuela JG, Hamano S, Satoskar AR, Matlashewski G, Nakhasi HL. A second generation leishmanization vaccine with a markerless attenuated Leishmania major strain using CRISPR gene editing. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3461. [PMID: 32651371 PMCID: PMC7351751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania protozoa transmitted by infected sand flies. Vaccination through leishmanization with live Leishmania major has been used successfully but is no longer practiced because it resulted in occasional skin lesions. A second generation leishmanization is described here using a CRISPR genome edited L. major strain (LmCen-/-). Notably, LmCen-/- is a genetically engineered centrin gene knock-out mutant strain that is antibiotic resistant marker free and does not have detectable off-target mutations. Mice immunized with LmCen-/- have no visible lesions following challenge with L. major-infected sand flies, while non-immunized animals develop large and progressive lesions with a 2-log fold higher parasite burden. LmCen-/- immunization results in protection and an immune response comparable to leishmanization. LmCen-/- is safe since it is unable to cause disease in immunocompromised mice, induces robust host protection against vector sand fly challenge and because it is marker free, can be advanced to human vaccine trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Subir Karmakar
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Ranadhir Dey
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Patrick Lypaczewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nevien Ismail
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Abid Siddiqui
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Vahan Simonyan
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Fabiano Oliveira
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Iliano V Coutinho-Abreu
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Thiago DeSouza-Vieira
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - James Oristian
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Tiago D Serafim
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Abu Musa
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan and Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Leadership Program, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Risa Nakamura
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan and Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Leadership Program, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noushin Saljoughian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Monika Satoskar
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, 44272, USA
| | - Sanika Satoskar
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, 44272, USA
| | - Pradeep K Dagur
- National Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - J Philip McCoy
- National Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Shaden Kamhawi
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Jesus G Valenzuela
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Shinjiro Hamano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan and Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Leadership Program, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Greg Matlashewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Hira L Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shoaib Sarwar H, Varikuti S, Farhan Sohail M, Sarwar M, Akhtar S, Satoskar AR, Shahnaz G. Oral delivery and enhanced efficacy of antimonal drug through macrophage-guided multifunctional nanocargoes against visceral Leishmaniasis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 152:307-317. [PMID: 32485227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed on the site specific delivery and enhanced in-vivo efficacy of antimonial drugs against the visceral leishmaniasis via macrophage targeted mannose anchored thiomer based nanoparticles. Mannose anchored thiolated nanoformulation [M-(CS-g-PEI)-TGA] was developed and evaluated in terms particle size, zeta-potential and entrapment efficacy. The TEM and EDX analysis was carried out to evaluate the morphology and successful entrapment of antimonial drug. Mucodhesion, permeation enhancement, oral pharmacokinetics, and in-vivo anti-leishmanial activity were carried out. The M-(CS-g-PEI)-TGA were found to be spherical having particle size of 287 ± 20 nm. Ex-vivo permeation indicated a 7.39-fold enhanced permeation of Meglumine Antimoniate with M-(CS-g-PEI)-TGA across Caco-2 cells compared to the Glucantime. Evaluation of in-vitro reduction in the parasitic burden via flow cytometric analysis indicated a 5.7-fold lower IC50 for M-(CS-g-PEI)-TGA compared to Glucantime. A 6.1-fold improvement in the oral bioavailability and 5.2-fold reduced parasitic burden in the L. donovani infected BALB/c mice model was observed with M-(CS-g-PEI)-TGA compared to Glucantime. The results encouraged the concept of M-(CS-g-PEI)-TGA nanoformulations as a promising strategy for oral therapy against visceral leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Shoaib Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (RIPS), Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, United States
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, United States
| | - Muhammad Farhan Sohail
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (RIPS), Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sarwar
- Department of Statistics, Government Postgraduate College, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Akhtar
- Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, United States.
| | - Gul Shahnaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Varikuti S, Singh B, Volpedo G, Ahirwar D, Jha B, Saljoughian N, Viana A, Hamza O, Halsey G, Holcomb E, Maryala R, Oghumu S, Ganju RK, Satoskar AR. Ibrutinib treatment inhibits breast cancer progression and metastasis by inducing conversion of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells to dendritic cells. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.06611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
28
|
Varikuti S, Shelton B, Kotha SR, Gurney T, Gupta G, Fuchs JR, Kinghorn D, Srivastava N, Satoskar AR, Parinandi NL. Pentalinonsterol exhibits the immunomodulatory action in macrophages through activation of Phospholipase A
2. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.06795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
29
|
Dar MJ, Khalid S, Varikuti S, Satoskar AR, Khan GM. Nano-elastic liposomes as multidrug carrier of sodium stibogluconate and ketoconazole: A potential new approach for the topical treatment of cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 145:105256. [PMID: 32032778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the efficacy of sodium stibogluconate (SSG) co-loaded with ketoconazole (KTZ) in nano-elastic liposomes (NELs) for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). SSG-KTZ co-loaded NELs were developed and assessed for various physicochemical properties and anti-leishmanial potential. The optimized nano-vesicles have an average size of 212.8 ± 3.1 nm and entrapment efficiency of 61.2 ± 2.9%. SSG-KTZ co-loaded NELs displayed 5.37-fold higher skin permeation of SSG as compared to drug solution. SSG and KTZ displayed a synergistic interaction and flow cytometry revealed enhanced killing of DsRed Leishmania mexicana in infected macrophages. In-vitro and in-vivo anti-leishmanial studies indicated a 10.67-fold lower IC50 value and a 35.33-fold reduced parasitic burden as compared with plain SSG solution, respectively. SSG-KTZ co-loaded NELs were found to be a promising approach for the topical treatment of CL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Junaid Dar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Khalid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43201, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43201, USA
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Anderson K, Ryan N, Volpedo G, Varikuti S, Satoskar AR, Oghumu S. Immune Suppression Mediated by STAT4 Deficiency Promotes Lymphatic Metastasis in HNSCC. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3095. [PMID: 32010142 PMCID: PMC6974475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prevalent form of cancer with 5-years survival rates around 57%, and metastasis is a leading cause of mortality. Host-derived immunological factors that affect HNSCC tumor development and metastasis are not completely understood. We investigated the role of host-derived signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) during experimental HNSCC using an aggressive and metastatic HNSCC cell line, LY2, which was orthotopically injected into the buccal sulcus of wild type (WT) and STAT4 deficient (Stat4-/-) BALB/c mice. Necropsies performed at terminal sacrifice revealed that Stat4-/- mice displayed comparable primary tumor growth to the WT mice. However, the rate and extent of lymph node and lung metastasis among Stat4-/- mice was significantly higher. Downstream analyses performed on primary tumors, draining lymph nodes, spleens and bone marrow revealed significant upregulation of lymphocytic immunosuppressive biomarkers as well as an accumulation of granulocytic MDSC subpopulations in draining lymph nodes of metastatic Stat4-/- mice. Further, we observed a significant decrease in TH1, TH17, and cytotoxic activity in tumor bearing Stat4-/- compared to WT mice. Our results demonstrate that STAT4 mediates resistance to HNSCC metastasis, and activation of STAT4 could potentially mitigate lymphatic metastasis in HNSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Anderson
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nathan Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dar MJ, Khalid S, McElroy CA, Satoskar AR, Khan GM. Topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with novel amphotericin B-miltefosine co-incorporated second generation ultra-deformable liposomes. Int J Pharm 2020; 573:118900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
32
|
Dar MJ, McElroy CA, Khan MI, Satoskar AR, Khan GM. Development and evaluation of novel miltefosine-polyphenol co-loaded second generation nano-transfersomes for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 17:97-110. [PMID: 31786952 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1700227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that miltefosine (MTF)-polyphenol co-loaded second-generation nano-transfersomes (SGNTs) can be an effective approach for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL).Methods: The co-loaded SGNTs with various MTF-polyphenol combinations were developed, evaluated and compared for the entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, deformability index, ex-vivo permeation, cytotoxicity, and anti-leishmanial potential, using both in-vitro and in-vivo models.Results: The co-loaded SGNTs were spherical in shape, with an average size of 119 ± 1.5 nm and a high entrapment efficiency of 73.7 ± 3.7%. The ex-vivo study displayed a 3.2-fold higher permeation of MTF when entrapped in co-loaded SGNTs, whereas cytotoxicity potential of co-loaded SGNTs was 43.2% higher than the MTF solution. A synergistic interaction was observed between MTF and apigenin (APG) among all polyphenols and an 8.0-fold lower IC50 was found against amastigotes of DsRed Leishmania mexicana, compared with the plain MTF solution. Moreover, the in-vivo studies displayed a 9.5-fold reduced parasitic burden in the L. mexicana infected BALB/c mice treated with MTF-APG co-loaded SGNTs gel.Conclusions: The potential of MTF-APG co-loaded SGNTs topical formulation is established for the first time as an effective drug delivery strategy against CL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Junaid Dar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Craig A McElroy
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Division, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Muhammad Ijaz Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ryan N, Anderson K, Volpedo G, Hamza O, Varikuti S, Satoskar AR, Oghumu S. STAT1 inhibits T-cell exhaustion and myeloid derived suppressor cell accumulation to promote antitumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1717-1729. [PMID: 31709529 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancers of the oral cavity remain the sixth most diagnosed cancer worldwide, with high rates of recurrence and mortality. We determined the role of STAT1 during oral carcinogenesis using two orthotopic models in mice genetically deficient for Stat1. Metastatic (LY2) and nonmetastatic (B4B8) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines were injected into the oral cavity of Stat1 deficient (Stat1-/- ) and Stat1 competent (Stat1+/+ ) mice. Stat1-/- mice displayed increased tumor growth and metastasis compared to Stat1+/+ mice. Mechanistically, Stat1-/- mice displayed impaired CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell expansion compared to Stat1+/+ mice. This was associated with enhanced T-cell exhaustion, and severely attenuated T-cell antitumor effector responses including reduced expression of IFN-γ and perforin at the tumor site. Interestingly, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production by T cells in tumor-bearing mice was suppressed by Stat1 deficiency. This deficiency in T-cell expansion and functional responses in mice was linked to PD-1 and CD69 overexpression in T cells of Stat1-/- mice. In contrast, we observed increased accumulation of CD11b+ Ly6G+ myeloid derived suppressor cells in tumors, draining lymph nodes, spleens and bone marrow of tumor-bearing Stat1-/- mice, resulting in a protumorigenic microenvironment. Our data demonstrates that STAT1 is an essential mediator of the antitumor response through inhibition of myeloid derived suppressor cell accumulation and promotion of T-cell mediated immune responses in murine head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Selective induction of STAT1 phosphorylation in HNSCC patients could potentially improve oral tumor outcomes and response to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Kelvin Anderson
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH.,Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Omar Hamza
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH.,Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Varikuti S, Volpedo G, Saljoughian N, Hamza OM, Halsey G, Ryan NM, Sedmak BE, Seidler GR, Papenfuss TL, Oghumu S, Satoskar AR. The Potent ITK/BTK Inhibitor Ibrutinib Is Effective for the Treatment of Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania donovani. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:599-608. [PMID: 30239895 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New drugs are needed for leishmaniasis because current treatments such as pentavalent antimonials are toxic and require prolonged administration, leading to poor patient compliance. Ibrutinib is an anticancer drug known to modulate T-helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 responses and has the potential to regulate immunity against infectious disease. Methods In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of oral ibrutinib as a host-targeted treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani using an experimental mouse model. Results We found that oral ibrutinib was significantly more effective than the pentavalent antimonial sodium stibogluconate (70 mg/kg) for the treatment of VL caused by L. donovani. Ibrutinib treatment increased the number of interleukin 4- and interferon γ-producing natural killer T cells in the liver and spleen and enhanced granuloma formation in the liver. Further, ibrutinib treatment reduced the influx of Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes, which mediate susceptibility to L. donovani. Finally, ibrutinib treatment was associated with the increased production of the cytokines interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 4, and interleukin 13 in the liver and spleen, which are associated with protection against L. donovani. Conclusions Our findings show that oral ibrutinib is highly effective for the treatment of VL caused by L. donovani and mediates its antileishmanial activity by promoting host immunity. Therefore, ibrutinib could be a novel host-targeted drug for the treatment of VL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus.,Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Noushin Saljoughian
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Omar M Hamza
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Gregory Halsey
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Nathan M Ryan
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Bren E Sedmak
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Gabriella R Seidler
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | | | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus.,Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Khalife J, Ghose J, Martella M, Viola D, Rocci A, Troadec E, Terrazas C, Satoskar AR, Gunes EG, Dona A, Sanchez JF, Bergsagel PL, Chesi M, Pozhitkov A, Rosen S, Marcucci G, Keats JJ, Hofmeister CC, Krishnan A, Caserta E, Pichiorri F. MiR-16 regulates crosstalk in NF-κB tolerogenic inflammatory signaling between myeloma cells and bone marrow macrophages. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129348. [PMID: 31593552 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of circulating miR-16 in the serum of multiple myeloma (MM) patients are independently associated with longer survival. Although the tumor suppressor function of intracellular miR-16 in MM plasma cells (PCs) has been elucidated, its extracellular role in maintaining a nonsupportive cancer microenvironment has not been fully explored. Here, we show that miR-16 is abundantly released by MM cells through extracellular vesicles (EVs) and that differences in its intracellular expression as associated with chromosome 13 deletion (Del13) are correlated to extracellular miR-16 levels. We also demonstrate that EVs isolated from MM patients and from the conditioned media of MM-PCs carrying Del13 more strongly differentiate circulating monocytes to M2-tumor supportive macrophages (TAMs), compared with MM-PCs without this chromosomal aberration. Mechanistically, our data show that miR-16 directly targets the IKKα/β complex of the NF-κB canonical pathway, which is critical not only in supporting MM cell growth, but also in polarizing macrophages toward an M2 phenotype. By using a miR-15a-16-1-KO mouse model, we found that loss of the miR-16 cluster supports polarization to M2 macrophages. Finally, we demonstrate the therapeutic benefit of miR-16 overexpression in potentiating the anti-MM activity by a proteasome inhibitor in the presence of MM-resident bone marrow TAM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Khalife
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jayeeta Ghose
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Marianna Martella
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Domenico Viola
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Alberto Rocci
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Science, Division of Cancer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Estelle Troadec
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Cesar Terrazas
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Emine Gulsen Gunes
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Ada Dona
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - James F Sanchez
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - P Leif Bergsagel
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Marta Chesi
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Alex Pozhitkov
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Steven Rosen
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jonathan J Keats
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Craig C Hofmeister
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amrita Krishnan
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Enrico Caserta
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zahid MSH, Johnson MM, Tokarski RJ, Satoskar AR, Fuchs JR, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Evaluation of synergy between host and pathogen-directed therapies against intracellular Leishmania donovani. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2019; 10:125-132. [PMID: 31493763 PMCID: PMC6731340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is associated with treatment complications due to the continued growth of resistant parasites toward currently available pathogen-directed therapeutics. To limit the emergence and combat resistant parasites there is a need to develop new anti-leishmanial drugs and alternative treatment approaches, such as host-directed therapeutics (HDTs). Discovery of new anti-leishmanial drugs including HDTs requires suitable in vitro assay systems. Herein, we modified and evaluated a series of resazurin assays against different life-stages of the VL causing parasite, Leishmania donovani to identify novel HDTs. We further analyzed the synergy of combinatorial interactions between traditionally used pathogen-directed drugs and HDTs for clearance of intracellular L. donovani. The inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50) of the five evaluated therapies [amphotericin B (AMB), miltefosine, paromomycin, DNER-4, and AR-12 (OSU-03012)] was determined against promastigotes, extracellular amastigotes, and intracellular amastigotes of L. donovani via a resazurin-based assay and compared to image-based microscopy. Using the resazurin-based assay, all evaluated therapies showed reproducible anti-leishmanial activity against the parasite's different life-stages. These results were consistent to the traditional image-based technique. The gold standard of therapy, AMB, showed the highest potency against intracellular L. donovani, and was further evaluated for combinatorial effects with the HDTs. Among the combinations analyzed, pathogen-directed AMB and host-directed AR-12 showed a synergistic reduction of intracellular L. donovani compared to individual treatments. The modified resazurin assay used in this study demonstrated a useful technique to measure new anti-leishmanial drugs against both intracellular and extracellular parasites. The synergistic interactions between pathogen-directed AMB and host-directed AR-12 showed a great promise to combat VL, with the potential to reduce the emergence of drug-resistant strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Shamim Hasan Zahid
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Monica M Johnson
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Robert J Tokarski
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - James R Fuchs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Oghumu S, Varikuti S, Stock JC, Volpedo G, Saljoughian N, Terrazas CA, Satoskar AR. Cutting Edge: CXCR3 Escapes X Chromosome Inactivation in T Cells during Infection: Potential Implications for Sex Differences in Immune Responses. J Immunol 2019; 203:789-794. [PMID: 31253729 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CXCR3, an X-linked gene, is subject to X chromosome inactivation (XCI), but it is unclear whether CXCR3 escapes XCI in immune cells. We determined whether CXCR3 escapes XCI in vivo, evaluated the contribution of allelic CXCR3 expression to the phenotypic properties of T cells during experimental infection with Leishmania, and examined the potential implications to sex differences in immune responses. We used a bicistronic CXCR3 dual-reporter mouse, with each CXCR3 allele linked to a green or red fluorescent reporter without affecting endogenous CXCR3 expression. Our results show that CXCR3 escapes XCI, biallelic CXCR3-expressing T cells produce more CXCR3 protein than monoallelic CXCR3-expressing cells, and biallelic CXCR3-expressing T cells produce more IFN-γ, IL-2, and CD69 compared with T cells that express CXCR3 from one allele during Leishmania mexicana infection. These results demonstrate that XCI escape by CXCR3 potentially contributes to the sex-associated bias observed during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - James C Stock
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Noushin Saljoughian
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Cesar A Terrazas
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Das S, Chatterjee N, Ahirwar DK, Mishra S, Varikuti S, Kaul K, Satoskar AR, Ganju RK. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF):A novel therapeutic target against aggressive breast cancer. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.674.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Das
- PathologyThe Ohio State University, Department of PathologyColumbusOH
| | | | - Dinesh K Ahirwar
- PathologyThe Ohio State University, Department of PathologyColumbusOH
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State UniversityDepartment of PathologyColumbusOH
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- PathologyThe Ohio State University, Department of PathologyColumbusOH
| | - Kirti Kaul
- PathologyThe Ohio State University, Department of PathologyColumbusOH
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State UniversityDepartment of PathologyColumbusOH
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- PathologyThe Ohio State University, Department of PathologyColumbusOH
| | - Ramesh K Ganju
- PathologyThe Ohio State University, Department of PathologyColumbusOH
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Howait M, Albassam A, Yamada C, Sasaki H, Bahammam L, Azuma MM, Cintra LTA, Satoskar AR, Yamada S, White R, Kawai T, Movila A. Elevated Expression of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Promotes Inflammatory Bone Resorption Induced in a Mouse Model of Periradicular Periodontitis. J Immunol 2019; 202:2035-2043. [PMID: 30737274 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Locally produced osteoclastogenic factor RANKL plays a critical role in the development of bone resorption in periradicular periodontitis. However, because RANKL is also required for healthy bone remodeling, it is plausible that a costimulatory molecule that upregulates RANKL production in inflammatory periradicular periodontitis may be involved in the pathogenic bone loss processes. We hypothesized that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) would play a role in upregulating the RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis in the periradicular lesion. In response to pulp exposure, the bone loss and level of MIF mRNA increased in the periradicular periodontitis, which peaked at 14 d, in conjunction with the upregulated expressions of mRNAs for RANKL, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), chemokines (MCP-1 and SDF-1), and MIF's cognate receptors CXCR4 and CD74. Furthermore, expressions of those mRNAs were found significantly higher in wild-type mice compared with that of MIF-/- mice. In contrast, bacterial LPS elicited the production of MIF from ligament fibroblasts in vitro, which, in turn, enhanced their productions of RANKL and TNF-α. rMIF significantly upregulated the number of TRAP+ osteoclasts in vitro. Finally, periapical bone loss induced in wild-type mice were significantly diminished in MIF-/- mice. Altogether, the current study demonstrated that MIF appeared to function as a key costimulatory molecule to upregulate RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis, leading to the pathogenically augmented bone resorption in periradicular lesions. These data also suggest that the approach to neutralize MIF activity may lead to the development of a therapeutic regimen for the prevention of pathogenic bone loss in periradicular periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Howait
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115.,Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Abdullah Albassam
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115.,Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Chiaki Yamada
- College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33324
| | - Hajime Sasaki
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115.,The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142.,School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Laila Bahammam
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariane Maffei Azuma
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142.,School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Satoru Yamada
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Tohoku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Robert White
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33324
| | - Alexandru Movila
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115; .,The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142.,College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33324
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Afzal I, Sarwar HS, Sohail MF, Varikuti S, Jahan S, Akhtar S, Yasinzai M, Satoskar AR, Shahnaz G. Mannosylated thiolated paromomycin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for the oral therapy of visceral leishmaniasis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:387-406. [PMID: 30688557 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study evaluates the efficacy of paromomycin (PM)-loaded mannosylated thiomeric nanoparticles for the targeted delivery to pathological organs for the oral therapy of visceral leishmaniasis. MATERIALS & METHODS Mannosylated thiolated chitosan (MTC)-coated PM-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (MTC-PLGA-PM) were synthesized and evaluated for morphology, drug release, permeation enhancing and antileishmanial potential. RESULTS MTC-PLGA-PM were spherical in shape with a size of 391.24 ± 6.91 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 67.16 ± 14%. Ex vivo permeation indicated 12.73-fold higher permeation of PM with MTC-PLGA-PM against the free PM. Flow cytometry indicated enhanced macrophage uptake and parasite killing in Leishmania donovani infected macrophage model. In vitro antileishmanial activity indicated 36-fold lower IC50 for MTC-PLGA-PM as compared with PM. The in vivo studies indicated 3.6-fold reduced parasitic burden in the L. donovani infected BALB/c mice model. CONCLUSION The results encouraged the concept of MTC-PLGA-PM nanoparticles as promising strategy for visceral leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Afzal
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Shoaib Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.,Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhan Sohail
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.,Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Akhtar
- Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Masoom Yasinzai
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Gul Shahnaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.,Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Varikuti S, Jha BK, Volpedo G, Ryan NM, Halsey G, Hamza OM, McGwire BS, Satoskar AR. Host-Directed Drug Therapies for Neglected Tropical Diseases Caused by Protozoan Parasites. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2655. [PMID: 30555425 PMCID: PMC6284052 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) caused by protozoan parasites are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current treatments using anti-parasitic drugs are toxic and prolonged with poor patient compliance. In addition, emergence of drug-resistant parasites is increasing worldwide. Hence, there is a need for safer and better therapeutics for these infections. Host-directed therapy using drugs that target host pathways required for pathogen survival or its clearance is a promising approach for treating infections. This review will give a summary of the current status and advances of host-targeted therapies for treating NTDs caused by protozoa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Bijay Kumar Jha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nathan M Ryan
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gregory Halsey
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Omar M Hamza
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Bradford S McGwire
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim E, Lembert M, Fallata GM, Rowe JC, Martin TL, Satoskar AR, Reo NV, Paliy O, Cormet-Boyaka E, Boyaka PN. Intestinal Epithelial Cells Regulate Gut Eotaxin Responses and Severity of Allergy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1692. [PMID: 30123215 PMCID: PMC6085436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are known to regulate allergic sensitization. We addressed the role of the intrinsic IKKβ signaling in IECs in the effector phase of allergy following oral allergen challenge and its impact on the severity of responses is poorly. Upon orally sensitization by co-administration of ovalbumin with cholera toxin as adjuvant, wild-type and mice lacking IKKβ in IECs (IKKβΔIEC mice) developed similar levels of serum IgE and allergen-specific secretory IgA in the gut. However, subsequent allergen challenges in the gut promoted allergic lower responses in KKβΔIEC mice. Analysis of cytokines and chemokines in serum and gut tissues after oral allergen challenge revealed impaired eotaxin responses in IKKβΔIEC mice, which correlated with lower frequencies of eosinophils in the gut lamina propria. We also determined that IECs were a major source of eotaxin and that impaired eotaxin production was due to the lack of IKKβ signaling in IECs. Oral administration of CCL11 to IKKβΔIEC mice during oral allergen challenge enhanced allergic responses to levels in wild-type mice, confirming the role of IEC-derived eotaxin as regulator of the effector phase of allergy following allergen challenge. Our results identified targeting IEC-derived eotaxin as potential strategy to limit the severity of allergic responses to food antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunsoo Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Melanie Lembert
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ghaith M Fallata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - John C Rowe
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tara L Martin
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nicholas V Reo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Oleg Paliy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Estelle Cormet-Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Prosper N Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Varikuti S, Oghumu S, Natarajan G, Kimble J, Sperling RH, Moretti E, Kaplan MH, Satoskar AR. STAT4 is required for the generation of Th1 and Th2, but not Th17 immune responses during monophosphoryl lipid A adjuvant activity. Int Immunol 2018; 30:385. [PMID: 29939272 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
44
|
Ghose J, Viola D, Terrazas C, Caserta E, Troadec E, Khalife J, Gunes EG, Sanchez J, McDonald T, Marcucci G, Kaur B, Rosenzweig M, Keats J, Rosen S, Krishnan A, Satoskar AR, Hofmeister CC, Pichiorri F. Daratumumab induces CD38 internalization and impairs myeloma cell adhesion. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1486948. [PMID: 30288349 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1486948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Daratumumab (Dara), a human immunoglobulin G1 kappa (IgG1κ) monoclonal anti-CD38 antibody, has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) as a single agent as well as in combination with immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors (PI). Although the scientific rationale behind the use of Dara in combination with IMiDs has been extensively explored, the molecular mechanisms underlying Dara-PI regimens have not yet been investigated. Here, we demonstrate that CD38 on the surface of MM cells is rapidly internalized after Dara treatment; we also show that Dara treatment impairs MM cell adhesion, an effect that can be rescued by using the endocytosis inhibitor Dynasore. Finally, we show that Dara potentiates bortezomib (BTZ) killing of MM cells in vitro and in vivo, independent of its function as an immune activator. In conclusion, our data show that Dara impairs MM cell adhesion, which results in an increased sensitivity of MM to proteasome inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayeeta Ghose
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Domenico Viola
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Cesar Terrazas
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Enrico Caserta
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Estelle Troadec
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jihane Khalife
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emine Gulsen Gunes
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - James Sanchez
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tinisha McDonald
- Liquid Tissue Bank Shared Resource, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Rosenzweig
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Steven Rosen
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Amrita Krishnan
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Craig C Hofmeister
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Attia Z, Rowe JC, Kim E, Varikuti S, Steiner HE, Zaghawa A, Hassan H, Cormet-Boyaka E, Satoskar AR, Boyaka PN. Inhibitors of elastase stimulate murine B lymphocyte differentiation into IgG- and IgA-producing cells. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1295-1301. [PMID: 29710424 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that dendritic cells and macrophages play a role in antigen presentation to B and T cells and in shaping B and T cell responses via cytokines they produce. We have previously reported that depletion of neutrophils improves the production of mucosal IgA after sublingual immunization with Bacillus anthracis edema toxin as adjuvant. These past studies also demonstrated that an inverse correlation exists between the number of neutrophils and production of IgA by B cells. Using specific inhibitors of elastase, we addressed whether the elastase activity of neutrophil could be the factor that interferes with production of IgA and possibly other immunoglobulin isotypes. We found that murine splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node cells cultured for 5 days in the presence of neutrophil elastase inhibitors secreted higher levels of IgG and IgA than cells cultured in the absence of inhibitors. The effect of the inhibitors was dose-dependent and was consistent with increased frequency of CD138+ cells expressing IgG or IgA. Finally, neutrophil elastase inhibitors increased transcription of mRNA for AID, IL-10, BAFF and APRIL, factors involved in B cell differentiation. These findings identify inhibitors of elastase as potential adjuvants for increasing production of antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zayed Attia
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - John C Rowe
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eunsoo Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Haley E Steiner
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ahmad Zaghawa
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hany Hassan
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | | | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Prosper N Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Das S, Chatterjee N, Mishra S, Ahirwar DK, Varikuti S, Kaul K, Shukla RK, Satoskar AR, Ganju RK. Abstract 5870: CPSI-1306: A novel macrophage migration inhibitory factor inhibitor against aggressive breast cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-5870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality in women, accounting for 23% of all cancer deaths, and one in eight women will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of her life. Although there are therapies available, most tumors develop resistance. In addition, certain types of breast cancers, including high-grade metastatic and triple-negative breast cancer, have limited therapeutic options available. Thus, novel targeted therapeutic strategies are required for prevention of disease progression. Inflammation of breast tumors is a major confounding factor involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Therefore, targeting inflammatory microenvironment could be a major strategy to targets breast tumor progression. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) induces severe proinflammatory responses through tautomerase and also functions as a chemokine that mediates the recruitment of inflammatory cells. It has been shown that overexpression of MIF helps in recruiting macrophages to the tumor microenvironment (TME). We are evaluating the clinical efficacy of CPSI-1306, a small-molecular inhibitor of MIF, using in vitro and in vivo assays. Previous reports show that CPSI-1306 specifically inhibits keto-enol tautomerase activity of MIF. In silico analysis of publicly available data showed that higher expression of MIF negatively correlates with breast cancer patient overall, distant metastasis and relapse-free survival. Next, we analyzed the effect of CPSI-1306 on breast cancer in vitro and found that CPSI-1306 significantly induces apoptosis and reduces the viability of metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB 468 and MDA-MB 231 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies showed that CPSI-1306 induced apoptosis by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential by increasing apoptogenic signals, including apoptosis induction factor (AIF) and Cytochrome-C. Further analysis revealed that CPSI-1306 inhibits activation of cell proliferation marker AKT in metastatic breast cancer cells. We further analyzed the clinical efficacy of CPSI-1306 in vivo, using preclinical MVT-1 mammary tumor orthotopic syngeneic mouse model, and observed that CPSI-1306 significantly reduces tumor growth and metastasis to the lungs. Histologic analysis revealed reduced number of Ki67-positive proliferative cells and CD31-positive blood vessels in CPSI-1306-treated tumors. Our studies revealed that CPSI-1306 could be used as a novel therapeutic agent against aggressive breast cancer.
Citation Format: Subhadip Das, Nabanita Chatterjee, Sanjay Mishra, Dinesh K. Ahirwar, Sanjay Varikuti, Kirti Kaul, Rajni K. Shukla, Abhay R. Satoskar, Ramesh K. Ganju. CPSI-1306: A novel macrophage migration inhibitory factor inhibitor against aggressive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5870.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Das
- 1The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Sanjay Mishra
- 1The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Kirti Kaul
- 1The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- 2The Ohio State University Medical Center & The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Ramesh K. Ganju
- 2The Ohio State University Medical Center & The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nagre N, Cong X, Terrazas C, Pepper I, Schreiber JM, Fu H, Sill JM, Christman JW, Satoskar AR, Zhao X. Inhibition of Macrophage Complement Receptor CRIg by TRIM72 Polarizes Innate Immunity of the Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:756-766. [PMID: 29268030 PMCID: PMC6002657 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0236oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system plays a critical role in immune responses against pathogens. However, its identity and regulation in the lung are not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the role of tripartite motif protein (TRIM) 72 in regulating complement receptor (CR) of the Ig superfamily (CRIg) in alveolar macrophage (AM) and innate immunity of the lung. Imaging, absorbance quantification, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate in vitro and in vivo AM phagocytosis with normal, or altered, TRIM72 expression. Pulldown, coimmunoprecipitation, and gradient binding assays were applied to examine TRIM72 and CRIg interaction. A pneumonia model was established by intratracheal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mortality, lung bacterial burden, and cytokine levels in BAL fluid and lung tissues were examined. Our data show that TRIM72 inhibited CR-mediated phagocytosis, and release of TRIM72 inhibition led to increased AM phagocytosis. Biochemical assays identified CRIg as a binding partner of TRIM72, and TRIM72 inhibited formation of the CRIg-phagosome. Genetic ablation of TRIM72 led to improved pathogen clearance, reduced cytokine storm, and improved survival in murine models of severe pneumonia, specificity of which was confirmed by adoptive transfer of wild-type or TRIM72KO AMs to AM-depleted TRIM72KO mice. TRIM72 overexpression promoted bacteria-induced NF-κB activation in murine alveolar macrophage cells. Our data revealed a quiescent, noninflammatory bacterial clearance mechanism in the lung via AM CRIg, which is suppressed by TRIM72. In vivo data suggest that targeted suppression of TRIM72 in AM may be an effective measure to treat fatal pulmonary bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja Nagre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Xiaofei Cong
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - César Terrazas
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ian Pepper
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - John M. Schreiber
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Hongyun Fu
- Division of Community Health and Research, Pediatrics Department, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Joshua M. Sill
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia; and
| | - John W. Christman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hattori H, Okano M, Kariya S, Nishizaki K, Satoskar AR. Signals through CD40 Play a Critical Role in the Pathophysiology of Schistosoma Mansoni Egg Antigen–Induced Allergic Rhinitis in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/194589240602000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Interaction between CD40 and CD40L is thought to regulate immune responses in several allergic diseases. However, little is known about its in vivo role in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis. We sought to determine whether the lack of signals through CD40 affects the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis using a murine model. Methods Wild type (WT) and CD40-deficient BALB/c (CD40-/-) mice were sensitized intranasally to Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen (SEA). After repeated sensitization, histamine responsiveness, serum antibody titer including immunoglobulin E (IgE), nasal eosinophilia, and cytokine production by nasal mononuclear cells were determined in each group. Results Intranasal sensitization with SEA in WT mice elicited a strong Th2 response including SEA-specific IgE production, nasal eosinophilia, and interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-5 production by nasal mononuclear cells after antigen challenge. Production of SEA-specific IgE and IgG1 was abolished in SEA-sensitized CD40-/- mice. These mice showed impaired nasal eosinophilia and displayed markedly reduced histamine-induced nasal hyperresponsiveness as compared with WT mice. Furthermore, reduced production of IL-4 and IL-5 by nasal mononuclear cells was seen in CD40-/- mice. Conclusion These results show that signals through CD40 play a critical role in not only IgE production but also pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis such as nasal hyperresponsiveness and nasal eosinophilia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Hattori
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Okano
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin Kariya
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nishizaki
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhu J, Liu JQ, Shi M, Cheng X, Ding M, Zhang JC, Davis JP, Varikuti S, Satoskar AR, Lu L, Pan X, Zheng P, Liu Y, Bai XF. IL-27 gene therapy induces depletion of Tregs and enhances the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98745. [PMID: 29618655 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-induced expansion of Tregs is a significant obstacle to cancer immunotherapy. However, traditional approaches to deplete Tregs are often inefficient, provoking autoimmunity. We show here that administration of IL-27-expressing recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV-IL-27) significantly inhibits tumor growth and enhances T cell responses in tumors. Strikingly, we found that AAV-IL-27 treatment causes rapid depletion of Tregs in peripheral blood, lymphoid organs, and - most pronouncedly - tumor microenvironment. AAV-IL-27-mediated Treg depletion is dependent on IL-27 receptor and Stat1 in Tregs and is a combined result of CD25 downregulation in Tregs and inhibition of IL-2 production by T cells. In combination with a GM-CSF vaccine, AAV-IL-27 treatment not only induced nearly complete tumor rejection, but also resulted in amplified neoantigen-specific T cell responses. AAV-IL-27 also dramatically increased the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy, presumably due to induction of PD-L1 in T cells and depletion of Tregs. Importantly, AAV-IL-27 therapy did not induce significant adverse events, partially due to its induction of IL-10. In a plasmacytoma mouse model, we found that IL-10 was required for AAV-IL-27-mediated tumor rejection. Thus, our study demonstrates the potential of AAV-IL-27 as an independent cancer therapeutic and as an efficient adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Zhu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Qing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Min Shi
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Cheng
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Ding
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xueliang Pan
- Center for Biostatistics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Pan Zheng
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xue-Feng Bai
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sarwar HS, Sohail MF, Saljoughian N, Rehman AU, Akhtar S, Nadhman A, Yasinzai M, Gendelman HE, Satoskar AR, Shahnaz G. Design of mannosylated oral amphotericin B nanoformulation: efficacy and safety in visceral leishmaniasis. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2018; 46:521-531. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1430699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Shoaib Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhan Sohail
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noushin Saljoughian
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anees Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Akhtar
- Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Nadhman
- Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University, Hayatabad, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Masoom Yasinzai
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gul Shahnaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|