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Janas K, Gudowska A, Drobniak SM. Avian colouration in a polluted world: a meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38494176 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Brilliant, diverse colour ornaments of birds were one of the crucial cues that led Darwin to the idea of sexual selection. Although avian colouration plays many functions, including concealment, thermoregulation, or advertisement as a distasteful prey, a quality-signalling role in sexual selection has attracted most research attention. Sexually selected ornaments are thought to be more susceptible to external stressors than naturally selected traits, and as such, they might be used as a test for environmental quality. For this reason, the last two decades have seen numerous studies on the impact of anthropogenic pollution on the expression of various avian colour traits. Herein, we provide the first meta-analytical summary of these results and examine whether there is an interaction between the mechanism of colour production (carotenoid-based, melanin-based and structural) and the type of anthropogenic factor (categorised as heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, urbanisation, or other). Following the assumption of heightened condition dependence of ornaments under sexual selection, we also expected the magnitude of effect sizes to be higher in males. The overall effect size was close to significance and negative, supporting a general detrimental impact of anthropogenic pollutants on avian colouration. In contrast to expectations, there was no interaction between pollution types and colour-producing mechanisms. Yet there were significant differences in sensitivity between colour-producing mechanisms, with carotenoid-based colouration being the most affected by anthropogenic environmental disturbances. Moreover, we observed no significant tendency towards heightened sensitivity in males. We identified a publication gap on structural colouration, which, compared to pigment-based colouration, remains markedly understudied and should thus be prioritised in future research. Finally, we call for the unification of methods used in colour quantification in ecological research to ensure comparability of results among studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Janas
- Ornithological Station, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gudowska
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon M Drobniak
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Xiao M, Li L, Zhu W, Wu F, Wu B. Statin-related neurocognitive disorder: a real-world pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA adverse event reporting system. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2024; 17:255-261. [PMID: 38275183 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2024.2311875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns regarding statin-related neurocognitive disorders have emerged in recent years. However, previous studies have reported inconsistent results. We evaluated the association between statins and neurocognitive disorders using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data from 2004 to 2022 were obtained from the FAERS database. After deduplication and standardization of drug names, we extracted neurocognitive disorder event (NCDE) cases reported with statins as the suspected drugs. The significant association between statins and NCDE was evaluated using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component. RESULTS In total, 6,959 NCDE cases with statins as the primary suspected drugs were identified. Signals were detected in pravastatin (ROR, 1.49; 95% CI: 1.32-1.67), atorvastatin (ROR, 1.39; 95% CI: 1.34-1.44), and simvastatin (ROR, 1.31; 95% CI: 1.25-1.38). Age-stratified analysis showed that (1) in the population aged 65 years and older, signals were detected for atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin, and pitavastatin; and (2) in populations under 65 years of age, signals were detected for atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, and lovastatin. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a significant association between the NCDE and statins, including atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin. The intensity of the association increased with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengbo Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Diot A, Groth G, Blanchet S, Chervin C. Responses of animals and plants to physiological doses of ethanol: a molecular messenger of hypoxia? FEBS J 2024; 291:1102-1110. [PMID: 38232057 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Our viewpoint is that ethanol could act as a molecular messenger in animal and plant organisms under conditions of hypoxia or other stresses and could elicit physiological responses to such conditions. There is evidence that both animal and plant organisms have endogenous levels of ethanol, but reports on the changes induced by this alcohol at physiological levels are sparse. Studies have shown that ethanol has different effects on cell metabolism at low and high concentrations, resembling a hormetic response. Further studies have addressed the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms used by organisms to sense changes in physiological concentrations of ethanol. This article summarizes the possible mechanisms by which ethanol may be sensed, particularly at the cell membrane level. Our analysis shows that current knowledge on this subject is limited. More research is required on the effects of ethanol at very low doses, in plants and animals at both molecular and physiological levels. We believe that further research on this topic could lead to new discoveries in physiology and may even help us understand metabolic adjustments related to climate change. As temperatures rise more frequently, dissolved oxygen levels drop, leading to hypoxic conditions and consequently, an increase in cellular ethanol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Diot
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (UMR5546), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UAR 2029), Moulis, France
| | - Georg Groth
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon Blanchet
- CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UAR 2029), Moulis, France
| | - Christian Chervin
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (UMR5546), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Petrović NZ, Pejčić AV, Milovanović IR. Priapism associated with anti-seizure medications: a pharmacovigilance study and a review of published cases. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024; 23:67-78. [PMID: 38062555 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2293208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, case reports of priapism associated with the use of some anti-seizure medications began to emerge in the literature. We aimed to investigate if there is a potential safety signal of priapism among individual anti-seizure medications and to search the literature for relevant published cases. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a disproportionality analysis using OpenVigil 2.1 to query the United States Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science up to 12 July 2023. RESULTS We identified positive signal of priapism for valproic acid and its derivatives (n = 23, chi-squared = 59.943, PRR = 4.566), gabapentin (n = 20, chi-squared = 9.790, PRR = 2.060), lamotrigine (n = 16, chi-squared = 8.318, PRR = 2.120), levetiracetam (n = 16, chi-squared = 10.766, PRR = 2.329), topiramate (n = 14, chi-squared = 28.067, PRR = 3.972) and carbamazepine (n = 8, chi-squared = 6.147, PRR = 2.568), as well as published cases of priapism associated with these drugs. We also found published cases of priapism for pregabalin and phenytoin in the literature and FAERS, and at least one reported adverse event of priapism in FAERS for clonazepam, lacosamide, ethosuximide, oxcarbazepine, and vigabatrin in which they were considered primary suspect. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified signals for priapism for several anti-seizure medications, but these results need to be confirmed in well-designed pharmacoepidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Z Petrović
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ana V Pejčić
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan R Milovanović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Ye Z, Yang R, Xue Y, Xu Z, He Y, Chen X, Ren Q, Sun J, Ma X, Hu J, Yang L. Evidence for the role of sound on the growth and signal response in duckweed. Plant Signal Behav 2023; 18:2163346. [PMID: 36634685 PMCID: PMC9839374 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2163346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sound vibration, an external mechanical force, has been proven to modulate plant growth and development like rain, wind, and vibration. However, the role of sound on plants, especially on signal response, has been usually neglected in research. Herein, we investigated the growth state, gene expression, and signal response in duckweed treated with soft music. The protein content in duckweed after music treatment for 7 days was about 1.6 times that in duckweed without music treatment. Additionally, the potential maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) ratio in duckweed treated with music was 0.78, which was significantly higher in comparison with the control group (P < .01). Interestingly, music promoted the Glu and Ca signaling response. To further explore the global molecular mechanism, we performed transcriptome analysis and the library preparations were sequenced on an Illumina Hiseq platform. A total of 1296 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found for all these investigated genes in duckweed treated with music compared to the control group. Among these, up-regulation of the expression of metabolism-related genes related to glycolysis, cell wall biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and pentose phosphate pathways were found. Overall, these results provided a molecular basis to music-triggered signal response, transcriptomic, and growth changes in duckweed, which also highlighted the potential of music as an environmentally friendly stimulus to promote improved protein production in duckweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ye
- College of Music, Film & Television, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyi Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuman He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinglin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuting Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinge Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jerri Hu
- Tianjin Radiant Banyan Development Centre for Children with Special Needs, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
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Hwang CS, Kim YH, Hyun JK, Kim JH, Lee SR, Kim CM, Nam JW, Kim EY. Evaluation of the Photoplethysmogram-Based Deep Learning Model for Continuous Respiratory Rate Estimation in Surgical Intensive Care Unit. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1222. [PMID: 37892952 PMCID: PMC10604201 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory rate (RR) is a significant indicator to evaluate a patient's prognosis and status; however, it requires specific instrumentation or estimates from other monitored signals. A photoplethysmogram (PPG) is extensively used in clinical environments as well as in intensive care units (ICUs) to primarily monitor peripheral circulation while capturing indirect information about intrathoracic pressure changes. This study aims to apply and evaluate several deep learning models using a PPG for the continuous and accurate estimation of the RRs of patients. The dataset was collected twice for 2 min each in 100 patients aged 18 years and older from the surgical intensive care unit of a tertiary referral hospital. The BIDMC and CapnoBase public datasets were also analyzed. The collected dataset was preprocessed and split according to the 5-fold cross-validation. We used seven deep learning models, including our own Dilated Residual Neural Network, to check how accurately the RR estimates match the ground truth using the mean absolute error (MAE). As a result, when validated using the collected dataset, our model showed the best results with a 1.2628 ± 0.2697 MAE on BIDMC and RespNet and with a 3.1268 ± 0.6363 MAE on our dataset, respectively. In conclusion, RR estimation using PPG-derived models is still challenging and has many limitations. However, if there is an equal amount of data from various breathing groups to train, we expect that various models, including our Dilated ResNet model, which showed good results, can achieve better results than the current ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Shin Hwang
- Spass Inc., 905Ho, RnD Tower, 396, Worldcup Buk-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 03925, Republic of Korea; (C.S.H.); (J.W.N.)
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- Spass Inc., 905Ho, RnD Tower, 396, Worldcup Buk-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 03925, Republic of Korea; (C.S.H.); (J.W.N.)
| | - Jung Kyun Hyun
- Spass Inc., 905Ho, RnD Tower, 396, Worldcup Buk-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 03925, Republic of Korea; (C.S.H.); (J.W.N.)
| | - Joon Hwang Kim
- Spass Inc., 905Ho, RnD Tower, 396, Worldcup Buk-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 03925, Republic of Korea; (C.S.H.); (J.W.N.)
| | - Seo Rak Lee
- Spass Inc., 905Ho, RnD Tower, 396, Worldcup Buk-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 03925, Republic of Korea; (C.S.H.); (J.W.N.)
| | - Choong Min Kim
- Spass Inc., 905Ho, RnD Tower, 396, Worldcup Buk-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 03925, Republic of Korea; (C.S.H.); (J.W.N.)
| | - Jung Woo Nam
- Spass Inc., 905Ho, RnD Tower, 396, Worldcup Buk-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 03925, Republic of Korea; (C.S.H.); (J.W.N.)
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Matthey L, Ambal J. The empire of the narrative: Plan making through the prism of classical and postclassical narratologies. Plan Theory 2023; 22:292-315. [PMID: 37539366 PMCID: PMC10394400 DOI: 10.1177/14730952221125174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This article theorizes the "narrative turn" in urban planning studies, using Gérard Genette's work to differentiate first- and second-degree narratives. Genette defines the latter as paratexts that determine the public's reception of the former. The article assesses how second-degree narratives work with different perceptual regimes to construct the reception of the political vision of territory. To that end, it resorts to the recent work of postclassical narratology. Indeed, the latter is particularly interested in the way in which the narrative, in various forms, affects its addressee. Postclassical narratology allows us to renew the theory of narrative in urban planning by focusing on what hypothetically happens in the consciousness of the receiver of the narrative when he or she becomes aware of it. Consequently, the paper sheds light on an emerging aspect of the design process: disambiguating signals embedded in urban planning documents intended for a wider public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Matthey
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie Ambal
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Jeon G, Yang X, Tian Y, Pang Y. Editorial: Neural signals acquisition and intelligent analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1251280. [PMID: 37547132 PMCID: PMC10400318 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1251280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gwanggil Jeon
- Department of Embedded Systems Engineering, College of Information Technology, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Pang
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
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Ma Z, Hu L. MicroRNA: A Dynamic Player from Signalling to Abiotic Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11364. [PMID: 37511124 PMCID: PMC10379455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules composed of approximately 20-24 nucleotides in plants. They play an important regulatory role in plant growth and development and as a signal in abiotic tolerance. Some abiotic stresses include drought, salt, cold, high temperature, heavy metals and nutritional elements. miRNAs affect gene expression by manipulating the cleavage, translational expression or DNA methylation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). This review describes the current progress in the field considering two aspects: (i) the way miRNAs are produced and regulated and (ii) the way miRNA/target genes are used in plant responses to various abiotic stresses. Studying the molecular mechanism of action of miRNAs' downstream target genes could optimize the genetic manipulation of crop growth and development conditions to provide a more theoretically optimized basis for improving crop production. MicroRNA is a novel signalling mechanism in interplant communication relating to abiotic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Ma
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Lanjuan Hu
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Stroud JT, Petherick A, Krasnoff B, Walker K, Suh JJ, Losos JB. Signal size allometry in Anolis lizard dewlaps. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230160. [PMID: 37403573 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive allometry of signalling traits has often been taken as evidence for sexual selection. However, few studies have explored interspecific differences in allometric scaling relationships among closely related species that vary in their degree of ecological similarity. Anolis lizards possess an elaborate retractable throat fan called a dewlap that is used for visual communication and differs greatly in size and colour among species. We observed that Anolis dewlaps demonstrate positive allometry: relative dewlap size increases with body size. We also observed that coexisting species are divergent in signal size allometries, while convergent species-similar in other aspects of ecology, morphology and behaviour-typically share similar dewlap allometric scaling relationships. These patterns suggest that dewlap scaling relationships may follow the same pattern as other traits in the anole radiation, where ecologically different sympatric species have evolved a suite of divergent traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Stroud
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ansley Petherick
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Benjamin Krasnoff
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Kamau Walker
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jonathan J Suh
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jonathan B Losos
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Barvaliya MJ, Chetan AC, Chandan N, Ray SK, Hegde HV, Unger BS, Patel TK, Roy S. Suspected cutaneous adverse drug reactions reported with traditional medicines: analysis of data for United Nations Asia region from WHO VigiBase. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1088841. [PMID: 37324461 PMCID: PMC10261983 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1088841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Data on traditional medicine-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is very scarce. The current secondary analysis based on the WHO database (VigiBase) of individual case safety reports (ICSRs) focuses on the suspected cutaneous ADRs linked to traditional medicines (TMs). Methods: All the ICSRs reported between 1st January 2016 and 30th June 2021 from the UN Asia region in VigiBase where at least one TM was suspected to cause cutaneous ADRs were included in the study. Data regarding demographic details, suspected drug, adverse reaction as per MedDRA term, the seriousness of the reaction, de-challenge, re-challenge, and clinical outcome for suspected cutaneous ADRs associated with TM were obtained from VigiBase and analyzed for frequency of reported events and suspected medicines. Findings: Total 3,523 ICSRs with 5,761 ADRs related to "skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders" were included in the analysis. Amongst these, 6.8% of ICSRs were reported as serious. Pruritus (29.6%), rash (20.3%), urticaria (18.9%), and hyperhidrosis (3.3%) were commonly reported ADRs. Artemisia argyi H.Lév. and Vaniot. (14.9%), Ginkgo biloba L. (5.1%), Vitis vinifera L. (4%), Vitex agnus-castus L. (3.8%), Silybum marianum (L.), Gaertn (3.5%), and Viscus album L. (2.7%) were some commonly suspected TMs for cutaneous ADRs. There were 46 cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis reported with TMs during the study period. Death was reported in 5 ICSRs. Interpretation: TMs are linked with various cutaneous ADRS ranging from pruritus to toxic epidermal necrolysis which may have serious consequences. TMs listed as suspected offending agents in this analysis, should be kept in mind while dealing with suspected cutaneous ADRs. Clinicians should be more vigilant in detecting and reporting events associated with TMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. C. Chetan
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - N. Chandan
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Suman Kumar Ray
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Harsha V. Hegde
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Banappa S. Unger
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Tejas K. Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Sato J, Yamamoto N, Kawahara Y, Shimizu T, Uchida M. Evaluation of the Time to Onset and Outcome of Lenalidomide-induced Thrombosis and Embolism Using Spontaneous Reporting Database. In Vivo 2023; 37:1246-1252. [PMID: 37103089 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Lenalidomide (LND) is an oral antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of various malignant hematologic diseases, including multiple myeloma. Major adverse events of LND include myelosuppression, pneumonia, and thromboembolism. Thromboembolism is an adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with poor outcomes, therefore anticoagulants are administered prophylactically. However, LND-induced thromboembolism has not been clearly characterized from clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, timing, and outcome details of thromboembolism caused by LND using the JADER (Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report) database. PATIENTS AND METHODS ADRs due to LND reported from April 2004 to March 2021 were selected. Data on thromboembolic adverse events were analyzed and relative risks were estimated using reported odds ratios (RORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In addition, the time of onset and outcome of thromboembolism were analyzed. RESULTS There were 11,681 adverse events attributed to LND. Of these, 306 were thromboembolisms. The most frequently reported thrombosis with the highest ROR was deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (165 cases, ROR=7.12, 95%CI=6.09-8.33). The median onset of DVT (quartiles, 25-75%) was 80 (28-155) days. The parameter value (β) was 0.87 (0.76-0.99), suggesting the onset of DVT early in treatment. The prognosis of DVT due to LND was recovery and remission in 34% and 43% of patients, respectively, but 7.9% did not recover. CONCLUSION DVT is the most frequent thromboembolism in LND, and early treatment is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Sato
- Department of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasushiobara, Japan;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Naru Yamamoto
- Department of Education and Research Center for Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawahara
- Department of Education and Research Center for Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | | | - Mayako Uchida
- Department of Education and Research Center for Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Japan
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13
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Sudre G, Bagić AI, Becker JT, Ford JP. An Emerging Screening Method for Interrogating Human Brain Function: Tutorial. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e37269. [PMID: 37103988 PMCID: PMC10176126 DOI: 10.2196/37269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline can be observed due to a myriad of causes. Clinicians would benefit from a noninvasive quantitative tool to screen and monitor brain function based on direct measures of neural features. In this study, we used neuroimaging data from magnetoencephalography (with a whole-head Elekta Neuromag 306 sensor system) to derive a set of features that strongly correlate with brain function. We propose that simple signal characteristics related to peak variability, timing, and abundance can be used by clinicians as a screening tool to investigate cognitive function in at-risk individuals. Using a minimalistic set of features, we were able to perfectly distinguish between participants with normative and nonnormative brain function, and we were also able to successfully predict participants' Mini-Mental Test score (r=0.99; P<.001; mean absolute error=0.413). This set of features can be easily visualized in an analog fashion, providing clinicians with several graded measurements (in comparison to a single binary diagnostic tool) that can be used for screening and monitoring cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anto I Bagić
- University of Pittsburgh Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - James T Becker
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John P Ford
- Brain FIT Imaging, LLC, Unadilla, NY, United States
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14
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Namazifard S, Subbarao K. Multiple Dipole Source Position and Orientation Estimation Using Non-Invasive EEG-like Signals. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:s23052855. [PMID: 36905060 PMCID: PMC10006898 DOI: 10.3390/s23052855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The problem of precisely estimating the position and orientation of multiple dipoles using synthetic EEG signals is considered in this paper. After determining a proper forward model, a nonlinear constrained optimization problem with regularization is solved, and the results are compared with a widely used research code, namely EEGLAB. A thorough sensitivity analysis of the estimation algorithm to the parameters (such as the number of samples and sensors) in the assumed signal measurement model is conducted. To confirm the efficacy of the proposed source identification algorithm on any category of data sets, three different kinds of data-synthetic model data, visually evoked clinical EEG data, and seizure clinical EEG data are used. Furthermore, the algorithm is tested on both the spherical head model and the realistic head model based on the MNI coordinates. The numerical results and comparisons with the EEGLAB show very good agreement, with little pre-processing required for the acquired data.
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15
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Broadaway KA, Yin X, Williamson A, Parsons VA, Wilson EP, Moxley AH, Vadlamudi S, Varshney A, Jackson AU, Ahuja V, Bornstein SR, Corbin LJ, Delgado GE, Dwivedi OP, Fernandes Silva L, Frayling TM, Grallert H, Gustafsson S, Hakaste L, Hammar U, Herder C, Herrmann S, Højlund K, Hughes DA, Kleber ME, Lindgren CM, Liu CT, Luan J, Malmberg A, Moissl AP, Morris AP, Perakakis N, Peters A, Petrie JR, Roden M, Schwarz PEH, Sharma S, Silveira A, Strawbridge RJ, Tuomi T, Wood AR, Wu P, Zethelius B, Baldassarre D, Eriksson JG, Fall T, Florez JC, Fritsche A, Gigante B, Hamsten A, Kajantie E, Laakso M, Lahti J, Lawlor DA, Lind L, März W, Meigs JB, Sundström J, Timpson NJ, Wagner R, Walker M, Wareham NJ, Watkins H, Barroso I, O'Rahilly S, Grarup N, Parker SC, Boehnke M, Langenberg C, Wheeler E, Mohlke KL. Loci for insulin processing and secretion provide insight into type 2 diabetes risk. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:284-299. [PMID: 36693378 PMCID: PMC9943750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion is critical for glucose homeostasis, and increased levels of the precursor proinsulin relative to insulin indicate pancreatic islet beta-cell stress and insufficient insulin secretory capacity in the setting of insulin resistance. We conducted meta-analyses of genome-wide association results for fasting proinsulin from 16 European-ancestry studies in 45,861 individuals. We found 36 independent signals at 30 loci (p value < 5 × 10-8), which validated 12 previously reported loci for proinsulin and ten additional loci previously identified for another glycemic trait. Half of the alleles associated with higher proinsulin showed higher rather than lower effects on glucose levels, corresponding to different mechanisms. Proinsulin loci included genes that affect prohormone convertases, beta-cell dysfunction, vesicle trafficking, beta-cell transcriptional regulation, and lysosomes/autophagy processes. We colocalized 11 proinsulin signals with islet expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data, suggesting candidate genes, including ARSG, WIPI1, SLC7A14, and SIX3. The NKX6-3/ANK1 proinsulin signal colocalized with a T2D signal and an adipose ANK1 eQTL signal but not the islet NKX6-3 eQTL. Signals were enriched for islet enhancers, and we showed a plausible islet regulatory mechanism for the lead signal in the MADD locus. These results show how detailed genetic studies of an intermediate phenotype can elucidate mechanisms that may predispose one to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alaine Broadaway
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alice Williamson
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK; University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victoria A Parsons
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emma P Wilson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anne H Moxley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Arushi Varshney
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vasudha Ahuja
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, MedicCal Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura J Corbin
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Om P Dwivedi
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liisa Hakaste
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulf Hammar
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - David A Hughes
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, BW, Germany; SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, BW, Germany
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anni Malmberg
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angela P Moissl
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, BW, Germany
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, MedicCal Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - John R Petrie
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter E H Schwarz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sapna Sharma
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Angela Silveira
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Peitao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Björn Zethelius
- Department of Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Cardiovascular Prevention Area, Centro Cardiologico Monzino I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jose C Florez
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Winfried März
- Synlab Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, BW, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, BW, Germany
| | - James B Meigs
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Robert Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mark Walker
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK; Health Data Research UK, Gibbs Building, London, UK
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research, Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen Cj Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK; Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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16
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Berthet M, Coye C, Dezecache G, Kuhn J. Animal linguistics: a primer. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:81-98. [PMID: 36189714 PMCID: PMC10091714 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of language has been investigated by several research communities, including biologists and linguists, striving to highlight similar linguistic capacities across species. To date, however, no consensus exists on the linguistic capacities of non-human species. Major controversies remain on the use of linguistic terminology, analysis methods and behavioural data collection. The field of 'animal linguistics' has emerged to overcome these difficulties and attempt to reach uniform methods and terminology. This primer is a tutorial review of 'animal linguistics'. It describes the linguistic concepts of semantics, pragmatics and syntax, and proposes minimal criteria to be fulfilled to claim that a given species displays a particular linguistic capacity. Second, it reviews relevant methods successfully applied to the study of communication in animals and proposes a list of useful references to detect and overcome major pitfalls commonly observed in the collection of animal behaviour data. This primer represents a step towards mutual understanding and fruitful collaborations between linguists and biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Berthet
- Institut Jean Nicod, Département d'études cognitives, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France.,Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution, University of Zürich, Affolternstrasse 56, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Comparative Language Science, University of Zürich, Affolternstrasse 56, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Camille Coye
- Institut Jean Nicod, Département d'études cognitives, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France.,Center for Ecology and Conservation, Bioscience Department, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Kuhn
- Institut Jean Nicod, Département d'études cognitives, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France
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17
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Bernal XE, Page RA. Tactics of evasion: strategies used by signallers to deter eavesdropping enemies from exploiting communication systems. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:222-242. [PMID: 36176190 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Eavesdropping predators, parasites and parasitoids exploit signals emitted by their prey and hosts for detection, assessment, localization and attack, and in the process impose strong selective pressures on the communication systems of the organisms they exploit. Signallers have evolved numerous anti-eavesdropper strategies to mitigate the trade-off between the costs imposed from signal exploitation and the need for conspecific communication. Eavesdropper strategies fall along a continuum from opportunistic to highly specialized, and the tightness of the eavesdropper-signaller relationship results in differential pressures on communication systems. A wide variety of anti-eavesdropper strategies mitigate the trade-off between eavesdropper exploitation and conspecific communication. Antagonistic selection from eavesdroppers can result in diverse outcomes including modulation of signalling displays, signal structure, and evolutionary loss or gain of a signal from a population. These strategies often result in reduced signal conspicuousness and in decreased signal ornamentation. Eavesdropping enemies, however, can also promote signal ornamentation. While less common, this alternative outcome offers a unique opportunity to dissect the factors that may lead to different evolutionary pathways. In addition, contrary to traditional assumptions, no sensory modality is completely 'safe' as eavesdroppers are ubiquitous and have a broad array of sensory filters that allow opportunity for signal exploitation. We discuss how anthropogenic change affects interactions between eavesdropping enemies and their victims as it rapidly modifies signalling environments and community composition. Drawing on diverse research from a range of taxa and sensory modalities, we synthesize current knowledge on anti-eavesdropper strategies, discuss challenges in this field and highlight fruitful new directions for future research. Ultimately, this review offers a conceptual framework to understand the diverse strategies used by signallers to communicate under the pressure imposed by their eavesdropping enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena E Bernal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Rachel A Page
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
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18
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Deng Y, Luo N, Xie M, He L, Jiang R, Hu N, Wen J, Jiang X. Transcriptome landscape comparison of periodontium in developmental and renewal stages. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1154931. [PMID: 37008900 PMCID: PMC10050752 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1154931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontium regeneration remains a significant challenge in clinics and research, and it is essential to understand the stage-specific biological process in situ. However, differing findings have been reported, and the mechanism has yet to be elucidated. The periodontium of adult mice molars is considered to be stable remodeling tissue. At the same time, the continuously growing incisors and the developing dental follicle (DF) of postnatal mice highly represent fast remodeling tissue. In this study, we attempted to explore different clues of temporal and spatial comparisons to provide improved references for periodontal regeneration. METHODS Periodontal tissues from the developing periodontium (DeP) of postnatal mice, and continuously growing periodontium (CgP) and stable remodeling periodontium (ReP) of adult mice were isolated and compared using RNA sequencing. Based on the Dep and CgP separately compared with the ReP, differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways were analyzed using GO, KEGG databases, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The results and validation were obtained by immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR assays. Data were expressed as means ± standard deviation (SD) and analyzed by GraphPad Prism 8 software package, and one-way ANOVA was used to test multiple groups. RESULTS Principal component analysis showed that the three groups of periodontal tissue were successfully isolated and had distinct expression profiles. A total of 792 and 612 DEGs were identified in the DeP and CgP groups compared with the ReP. Upregulated DEGs in the DeP were closely related to developmental processes, while the CgP showed significantly enhanced cellular energy metabolism. The DeP and CgP showed a common downregulation of the immune response, with activation, migration, and recruitment of immune cells. IPA and further validation jointly suggested that the MyD88/p38 MAPK pathway played an essential regulatory role in periodontium remodeling. CONCLUSION Tissue development, energy metabolism, and immune response were critical regulatory processes during periodontal remodeling. Developmental and adult stages of periodontal remodeling showed different expression patterns. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of periodontal development and remodeling and may provide references for periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Deng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ruixue Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endodontics, Ninth People’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinquan Jiang, ; Jin Wen,
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinquan Jiang, ; Jin Wen,
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19
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Li K, Shi J, Liu X, Ward MP, Wang Z, Liu R, Zhao Z, Yin Y, Liu Y, Hong J, Huang J, Chen X, Zhang Z. Early warning signals for Omicron outbreaks in China: A retrospective study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28341. [PMID: 36424350 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Omicron variant has become the dominant COVID-19 variant worldwide due to its rapid and cryptic spread. Therefore, successful early warning is of great importance to be able to control epidemics in their early phase, before developing into large outbreaks. COVID-19-related Baidu search index, which reflects human behavior to a certain degree, was used to retrospectively detect the warning signs for Omicron variant outbreaks in China in 2022. The characteristics and effects of warning signs were analyzed in detail. We detected the presence of early warning signs (both high and low thresholds) and found that these occurred 4-7 days earlier than traditional epidemiological surveillance and >20 days earlier than the implementation of the local "lockdown" policy. Compared with the "high threshold" warning, the early warning effect of the "low threshold" is also vital because it indicates a negligence about epidemic prevention and control. However, there is obvious heterogeneity in the optimal threshold for detecting early warning signs and their distribution in different cities. Multi-source and multi-point early warning systems should be established via combining internet-based big data in the future to conduct effective and early real-time warning. This would create precious time for the early control of COVID-19 outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Geomatics and Spatial Information, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Michael P Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zengliang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Geomatics and Spatial Information, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhua Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Ren X, Yan C, Tian L, Cui X. Haematopoietic cytopenia associated with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors: A real-world study of data from the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system database. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221145520. [PMID: 36565299 PMCID: PMC9793014 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221145520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The haematopoietic cytopenia (HC) of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitors was evaluated using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). METHOD Data from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2021 has been retrieved from the FAERS database. Disproportionality analysis and Bayesian analysis were utilized in the data mining. The reporting odds ratio (ROR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for HC was calculated for each CDK 4/6 inhibitor agent. Clinical features of the patients were collected and compared between death outcome and non-death outcome groups. Time to onset (TTO), proportion of deaths, life-threatening and hospitalizations of CDK 4/6 inhibitors-associated HC were also studied. RESULTS A total of 17,235 cases of HC associated with CDK 4/6 inhibitors were identified with a median age of 65 years (interquartile range [IQR] 57-73). Palbociclib appeared the strongest signal, with the highest (ROR 9.64, 95% CI 9.46-9.83), followed by ribociclib (ROR 6.38, 95% CI 6.04-6.73) and then abemaciclib (ROR 2.72, 95% CI 2.49-2.97). Patients aged 18-64 had a higher proportion of deaths than those aged 65-84 (12.21% vs. 9.91%, p = 0.001). In Africa and Asia, the proportions of deaths were higher (31.65% and 26.13%, respectively). The median TTO was 26 days (IQR 14-65) for abemaciclib, 33 days (IQR 15-134) for palbociclib and 23 days (IQR 14-69) for ribociclib, respectively. The highest proportion of deaths, life-threatening and hospitalizations all occurred in abemaciclib (13.00%, 5.42% and 44.04%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Greater proportions of deaths occurred in Africa and Asia. HC may occur early in any CDK 4/6 inhibitor regimen. Abemaciclib had the highest proportion of deaths, life-threatening and hospitalizations. Health care workers should be more concerned about CDK 4/6 inhibitors. The higher proportions of serious events, including deaths, from Africa and Asia, as well as for abemaciclib, deserve further investigations through additional pharmacoepidemiological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayang Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, National
Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cilin Yan
- The School of Automation Science
and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Tian
- Department of Comprehensive
Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer,
Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangli Cui
- Department of pharmacy, Beijing
Friendship hospital, Capital Medical
University, Bejing, China,Xiangli Cui, Department of pharmacy,
Beijing Friendship hospital, Capital Medical University, Bejing, 100050, China.
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21
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Luo L. Is strigolactone signaling a key player in regulating tiller formation in response to nitrogen? Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1081740. [PMID: 36589130 PMCID: PMC9800024 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1081740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
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22
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Kunczik J, Hubbermann K, Mösch L, Follmann A, Czaplik M, Barbosa Pereira C. Breathing Pattern Monitoring by Using Remote Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22228854. [PMID: 36433452 PMCID: PMC9692983 DOI: 10.3390/s22228854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to continuously and unobtrusively monitor and classify breathing patterns can be very valuable for automated health assessments because respiration is tightly coupled to many physiological processes. Pathophysiological changes in these processes often manifest in altered breathing patterns and can thus be immediately detected. In order to develop a breathing pattern monitoring system, a study was conducted in which volunteer subjects were asked to breathe according to a predefined breathing protocol containing multiple breathing patterns while being recorded with color and thermal cameras. The recordings were used to develop and compare several respiratory signal extraction algorithms. An algorithm for the robust extraction of multiple respiratory features was developed and evaluated, capable of differentiating a wide range of respiratory patterns. These features were used to train a one vs. one multiclass support vector machine, which can distinguish between breathing patterns with an accuracy of 95.79 %. The recorded dataset was published to enable further improvement of contactless breathing pattern classification, especially for complex breathing patterns.
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23
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Guo H, Wang B, Yuan S, Wu S, Liu J, He M, Wang J. Corrigendum: Neurological adverse events associated with esketamine: A disproportionality analysis for signal detection leveraging the FDA adverse event reporting system. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1075966. [PMID: 36438806 PMCID: PMC9683689 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1075966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.849758.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoning Guo
- Division of Psychopharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Clinical Experimental Center, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Shuying Yuan
- Division of Psychopharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Silin Wu
- Division of Psychopharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Miaoquan He
- Division of Psychopharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Jisheng Wang
- Division of Psychopharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
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24
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Orlando CG, Possell M, Price C, Banks PB, Mercorelli L, McArthur C. A new conceptual and quantitative approach to exploring and defining potential open-access olfactory information. New Phytol 2022; 236:1605-1619. [PMID: 35975694 PMCID: PMC9826502 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
All organisms emit odour, providing 'open-access' olfactory information for any receiver with the right sensory apparatus. Characterizing open-access information emitted by groups of organisms, such as plant species, provides the means to answer significant questions about ecological interactions and their evolution. We present a new conceptual framework defining information reliability and a practical method to characterize and recover information from amongst olfactory noise. We quantified odour emissions from two tree species, one focal group and one outgroup, to demonstrate our approach using two new R statistical functions. We explore the consequences of relaxing or tightening criteria defining information and, from thousands of odour combinations, we identify and quantify those few likely to be informative. Our method uses core general principles characterizing information while incorporating knowledge of how receivers detect and discriminate odours. We can now map information in consistency-precision reliability space, explore the concept of information, and test information-noise boundaries, and between cues and signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malcolm Possell
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Catherine Price
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Peter B. Banks
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Louis Mercorelli
- The Sydney Informatics HubThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Clare McArthur
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
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25
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Niu Y, Zhang Q, Wang J, Li Y, Wang X, Bao Y. Vitamin E synthesis and response in plants. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:994058. [PMID: 36186013 PMCID: PMC9515888 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E, also known as tocochromanol, is a lipid-soluble antioxidant that can only be produced by photosynthetic organisms in nature. Vitamin E is not only essential in human diets, but also required for plant environment adaptions. To synthesize vitamin E, specific prenyl groups needs to be incorporated with homogentisate as the first step of reaction. After decades of studies, an almost complete roadmap has been revealed for tocochromanol biosynthesis pathway. However, chlorophyll-derived prenyl precursors for synthesizing tocochromanols are still a mystery. In recent years, by employing forward genetic screening and genome-wide-association approaches, significant achievements were acquired in studying vitamin E. In this review, by summarizing the recent progresses in vitamin E, we provide to date the most updated whole view of vitamin E biosynthesis pathway. Also, we discussed about the role of vitamin E in plants stress response and its potential as signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Niu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Bao
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Shapshak P. Bioinformation and Neutrino Communication. Bioinformation 2022; 18:496-500. [PMID: 37168789 PMCID: PMC10165035 DOI: 10.6026/97320630018496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Communications among civilizations may include self-descriptive bioinformation because pathogen dynamics exist in their astrobiology and astrovirology, which could become pathogenic upon actual contact. This information is of mutual benefit, if reciprocated. However, in contrast, the strategic counter-scenario of self-hidden civilizations is also discussed. Civilizations, including extra-terrestrial civilizations have been divided and stratified into three levels, using a wide non-linear logarithmic scale. The levels are based on their energy expenditures: level 1 is at 4x10^19 erg/sec; level 2 is at 4x10^33 erg/sec; and level 3 is at 4x10^44 erg/sec. Terrestrial civilization is currently below the entry level I. Particularly advanced civilizations, which are above the highest level, may engineer interstellar travel and could move their planets across interstellar distances. Communication among civilizations has always been of keen interest. In terms of ability to communicate among advanced civilizations, neutrinos may be used for galactic and inter-galactic communication, in addition to or instead of using electromagnetic radiation. Thus, at this juncture, deliberation and debate are essential to proceed with development of civilization and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Shapshak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Tampa General Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
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27
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Ho-Plágaro T, García-Garrido JM. Molecular Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 35682640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-microorganism interactions at the rhizosphere level have a major impact on plant growth and plant tolerance and/or resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Of particular importance for forestry and agricultural systems is the cooperative and mutualistic interaction between plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi from the phylum Glomeromycotina, since about 80% of terrestrial plant species can form AM symbiosis. The interaction is tightly regulated by both partners at the cellular, molecular and genetic levels, and it is highly dependent on environmental and biological variables. Recent studies have shown how fungal signals and their corresponding host plant receptor-mediated signalling regulate AM symbiosis. Host-generated symbiotic responses have been characterized and the molecular mechanisms enabling the regulation of fungal colonization and symbiosis functionality have been investigated. This review summarizes these and other recent relevant findings focusing on the molecular players and the signalling that regulate AM symbiosis. Future progress and knowledge about the underlying mechanisms for AM symbiosis regulation will be useful to facilitate agro-biotechnological procedures to improve AM colonization and/or efficiency.
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28
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Li N, Li Z, Fu L, Yan M, Wang Y, Yu J, Wu J. PD-1 suppresses the osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from dental apical papilla via targeting SHP2/NF-κB axis. Stem Cells 2022; 40:763-777. [PMID: 35589562 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are important for tooth root development and regeneration of root dentin. Here, we examined the expression of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in SCAPs and investigated the effect of PD-1 on odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation and the relationship between PD-1 and SHP2/NF-κB signals. SCAPs were obtained and cultured in the related medium. The proliferation ability was evaluated by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, ALP staining, western blot, real time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, and immunofluorescence (IF) staining were performed to explore the osteo/odontogenic potential and the involvement of SHP2/NF-κB pathways. Besides, we transplanted SCAPs component into mouse calvaria defects to evaluate osteogenesis in vivo. We found that human SCAPs expressed PD-1 for the first time. PD-1 knockdown enhanced the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs by suppressing SHP2 pathway and activating NF-κB pathway. Overexpression of PD-1 inhibited the osteogenesis and odontogenesis of SCAPs via activation of SHP2 signal and inhibition of NF-κB pathway. PD-1 activated SHP2 signal to block NF-κB signal and then played a vital role in osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zehan Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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29
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Cheng C, Nasab EM, Athari SS. Survey of immunopharmacological effects of botulinum toxin in cell signaling of bronchial smooth muscle cells in allergic asthma. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2022; 50:93-100. [PMID: 35527661 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v50i3.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a lung disease that has influenced more than 350 million people worldwide. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) spasm leads to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and bronchial obstruction, which are clinical manifestations of an asthma attack. Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a bacteria toxin that acts as muscle relaxant and may have therapeutic effects on AHR and asthma. OBJECTIVE In this study, the effect of BTX on AHR and related gene expressions was evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS An asthma mice model was developed which was treated with BTX in two ways: intranasally (IN) and via nebulization (N) (0.01, 0.1, and 1 U/mL and 10 U/mL, respectively) on days 25, 27 and 29. AHR was evaluated on days 24, 26, 28, and 30, and gene expressions were evaluated for TrkA, TrkB, M1-M5, α7nAChR, TNF-α, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) proteins. For histopathology of the lungs, perivascular and peribronchial inflammation, production of mucus, and goblet cell hyperplasia were studied. RESULTS On day 24, treatment with BTX (for all doses) had no significant effect on AHR, but on days 26 and 28, AHR was decreased and this continued up to day 30 for all treated groups. Treatment with BTX had no significant effect on the gene expressions of TrkA, TrkB, M1-M5, α7nAChR, TNF-α, and ERK2 proteins, perivascular inflammation, peribronchial inflammation, hyperplasia of the goblet cell and production of mucus. Besides, mice administered with 10 mg/mL BTX perished. The BTX therapy controlled asthma attacks by decreasing AHR and relaxation of ASMs. CONCLUSION However, BTX had no significant effect on airway inflammation and production of mucus. While using BTX, it is necessary to prescribe safe doses in order to prevent adverse reactions.
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30
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Shapshak P. Neutrino communication, intergalactic transit, and Astrobiology. Bioinformation 2022; 18:72-75. [PMID: 36420431 PMCID: PMC9649493 DOI: 10.6026/97320630018072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a brief summary, snapshot, of a few issues that relate to possible communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence (ETI) using neutrinos. Essentially, more research is required to better understand possible detection and communication with intelligent life (Astrobiology and ETI). Because of the possible scarcity of life in any single galaxy, to enhance the possibility of life detection, inter-galactic transit neutrinos necessitate consideration. Neutrino-based potential communications are inferred as the optimal mechanism or venue for detection of communications from ETI as well as sending communications to ETI. A paradox exists within this central theme. On the one hand, neutrino technology should be further developed and used to receive signals from or to send signals to ETI, because they transit inter-galactic distances. On the other hand, however, neutrinos have a very low cross-section interaction and are very difficult to detect. This concise Editorial incorporates several diverse research areas. Various issues are briefly and conjointly mentioned to inform the reader of multiple fields required towards a deeper understanding of astrobiology, astro virology, and ETI. This understanding is required for future advances, just as innovations in classical physics, quantum mechanics, particle physics, biophysics, chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology were required for the breakthroughs and advances in biology and virology, from the last century to the present - thus, the need for innovations and applications in neutrino particle physics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Shapshak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Tampa General Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
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31
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Uehara K, Koyanagi-Aoi M, Koide T, Itoh T, Aoi T. Epithelial-derived factors induce muscularis mucosa of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived gastric organoids. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:820-834. [PMID: 35245440 PMCID: PMC9023774 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gastric development has not been well studied. The generation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived gastric organoids (hGOs) comprising gastric marker-expressing epithelium without an apparent smooth muscle (SM) structure has been reported. We modified previously reported protocols to generate hGOs with muscularis mucosa (MM) from hiPSCs. Time course analyses revealed that epithelium development occurred prior to MM formation. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and TGF-β1 were secreted by the epithelium. HH and TGF-β signal inhibition prevented subepithelial MM formation. A mechanical property of the substrate promoted SM differentiation around hGOs in the presence of TGF-β. TGF-β signaling was shown to influence the HH signaling and mechanical properties. In addition, clinical specimen findings suggested the involvement of TGF-β signaling in MM formation in recovering gastric ulcers. HH and TGF-β signaling from the epithelium to the stroma and the mechanical properties of the subepithelial environment may influence the emergence of MM in human stomach tissue. We successfully induce hGOs with MM by culturing for 8 weeks The emergence of MM occurs after epithelial maturation HH, TGF-β, and the mechanical environment are suggested to be involved in MM formation
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Uehara
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 6500017, Japan; Department of iPS Cell Applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 6500017, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 6500017, Japan
| | - Michiyo Koyanagi-Aoi
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 6500017, Japan; Department of iPS Cell Applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 6500017, Japan; Center for Human Resource Development for Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 6500017, Japan
| | - Takahiro Koide
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 6500017, Japan; Department of iPS Cell Applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 6500017, Japan; Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 6500017, Japan
| | - Tomoo Itoh
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 6500017, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoi
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 6500017, Japan; Department of iPS Cell Applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 6500017, Japan; Center for Human Resource Development for Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 6500017, Japan.
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Naeem M, De Pietro G, Coronato A. Application of Reinforcement Learning and Deep Learning in Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) Systems. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 22:s22010309. [PMID: 35009848 PMCID: PMC8749942 DOI: 10.3390/s22010309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The current wireless communication infrastructure has to face exponential development in mobile traffic size, which demands high data rate, reliability, and low latency. MIMO systems and their variants (i.e., Multi-User MIMO and Massive MIMO) are the most promising 5G wireless communication systems technology due to their high system throughput and data rate. However, the most significant challenges in MIMO communication are substantial problems in exploiting the multiple-antenna and computational complexity. The recent success of RL and DL introduces novel and powerful tools that mitigate issues in MIMO communication systems. This article focuses on RL and DL techniques for MIMO systems by presenting a comprehensive review on the integration between the two areas. We first briefly provide the necessary background to RL, DL, and MIMO. Second, potential RL and DL applications for different MIMO issues, such as detection, classification, and compression; channel estimation; positioning, sensing, and localization; CSI acquisition and feedback, security, and robustness; mmWave communication and resource allocation, are presented.
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33
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Liu FM, Wang LX, Xie YM. [Early detection and risk control of safety signals of Chinese medicine]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 46:5456-5461. [PMID: 34951196 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210413.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The safety of modern Chinese medicine has attracted increasing attention from society. Experts and scholars have carried out extensive in-depth research on the safety of commonly used Chinese medicines from various aspects such as safety monitoring, clinical research, and experimental analysis. The findings in the safety performance of Chinese medicines can inspire the mining and analysis of relevant signals in the drug safety alerts. A variety of methods are employed for the mining of risk signals or analysis and screening of relevant signals to accurately determine the correlation between medication and adverse reactions. The safety signal acquisition and mining techniques are the technical basis for the safety risk management of medicine products after Chinese medicines are marketed, which is critical in drug safety alerts. To accurately collect the safety signals of Chinese medicines and effectively and rapidly track, determine, and assess the sources of signals are important technical links in drug risk management. The ultimate purpose of safety signal discovery is to achieve normalized risk management through downgrading drugs from a high-risk level to a low-risk level.The five main steps in the standard drug risk management are listed below: to extensively collect predicted risk signals; to accurately identify drug risks by the techniques such as data mining; to evaluate the risks with process-based quality risk control; to employ management measures minimizing the impact of drug risks for risk management; to update and apply risk assessment to clinical evaluation after medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Mei Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lian-Xin Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan-Ming Xie
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
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34
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McEntee JP, Zhelezov G, Werema C, Najar N, Peñalba JV, Mulungu E, Mbilinyi M, Karimi S, Chumakova L, Gordon Burleigh J, Bowie RCK. Punctuated evolution in the learned songs of African sunbirds. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20212062. [PMID: 34784761 PMCID: PMC8595995 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Learned traits are thought to be subject to different evolutionary dynamics than other phenotypes, but their evolutionary tempo and mode has received little attention. Learned bird song has been thought to be subject to rapid and constant evolution. However, we know little about the evolutionary modes of learned song divergence over long timescales. Here, we provide evidence that aspects of the territorial songs of Eastern Afromontane sky island sunbirds Cinnyris evolve in a punctuated fashion, with periods of stasis of the order of hundreds of thousands of years or more, broken up by evolutionary pulses. Stasis in learned songs is inconsistent with learned traits being subject to constant or frequent change, as would be expected if selection does not constrain song phenotypes over evolutionary timescales. Learned song may instead follow a process resembling peak shifts on adaptive landscapes. While much research has focused on the potential for rapid evolution in bird song, our results suggest that selection can tightly constrain the evolution of learned songs over long timescales. More broadly, these results demonstrate that some aspects of highly variable, plastic traits can exhibit punctuated evolution, with stasis over long time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P McEntee
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Gleb Zhelezov
- School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Chacha Werema
- Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar-es-salaam, PO Box 35064, Tanzania
| | - Nadje Najar
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA
| | - Joshua V Peñalba
- Museum für Naturkunde, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Lyubov Chumakova
- School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
| | - J Gordon Burleigh
- Biology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Rauri C K Bowie
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Chen J, Wu W, Wang Z, Zhai C, Deng B, Alzogool M, Wang Y. Novel Corneal Protein Biomarker Candidates Reveal Iron Metabolic Disturbance in High Myopia Eyes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689917. [PMID: 34660571 PMCID: PMC8517150 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia is a major public health concern with increasing global prevalence and is the leading cause of vision loss and complications. The potential role of the cornea, a substantial component of refractive power and the protective fortress of the eye, has been underestimated in the development of myopia. Our study acquired corneal stroma tissues from myopic patients undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery and investigated the differential expression of circulating proteins between subjects with low and high myopia by means of high-throughput proteomic approaches—the quantitative tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling method and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) validation. Across all corneal stroma tissue samples, a total of 2,455 proteins were identified qualitatively and quantitatively, 103 of which were differentially expressed between those with low and high myopia. The differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) between the groups of stroma samples mostly demonstrated catalytic activity and molecular function regulator and transporter activity and participated in metabolic processes, biological regulation, response to stimulus, and so forth. Pathway enrichment showed that mineral absorption, ferroptosis, and HIF-1 signaling pathways were activated in the human myopic cornea. Furthermore, TMT analysis and PRM validation revealed that the expression of ferritin light chain (FTL, P02792) and ferritin heavy chain (FTH1, P02794) was negatively associated with myopia development, while the expression of serotransferrin (TF, P02787) was positively related to myopia status. Overall, our results indicated that subjects with low and high myopia could have different proteomic profiles or signatures in the cornea. These findings revealed disturbances in iron metabolism and corneal oxidative stress in the more myopic eyes. Iron metabolic proteins could serve as an essential modulator in the pathogenesis of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Chen
- School of Medicine, NanKai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqian Wang
- Department of Optometry, Shenyang Eye Institute, The 4th People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuannan Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Baocheng Deng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Yan Wang
- School of Medicine, NanKai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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36
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Ren A, Sun J, Yin W, Westerberg LS, Miller H, Lee P, Candotti F, Guan F, Lei J, Gong Q, Chen Y, Liu C. Signaling networks in B cell development and related therapeutic strategies. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:877-891. [PMID: 34528729 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ru0221-088rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are essential for Ab production during humoral immune responses. From decades of B cell research, there is now a detailed understanding of B cell subsets, development, functions, and most importantly, signaling pathways. The complicated pathways in B cells and their interactions with each other are stage-dependent, varying with surface marker expression during B cell development. With the increasing understanding of B cell development and signaling pathways, the mechanisms underlying B cell related diseases are being unraveled as well, making it possible to provide more precise and effective treatments. In this review, we describe several essential and recently discovered signaling pathways in B cell development and take a look at newly developed therapeutic strategies targeted at B cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Ren
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianxuan Sun
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heather Miller
- The Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Second Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Margaritelis NV, Chatzinikolaou PN, Chatzinikolaou AN, Paschalis V, Theodorou AA, Vrabas IS, Kyparos A, Nikolaidis MG. The redox signal: A physiological perspective. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:29-40. [PMID: 34477294 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A signal in biology is any kind of coded message sent from one place in an organism to another place. Biology is rich in claims that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species transmit signals. Therefore, we define a "redox signal as an increase/decrease in the level of reactive species". First, as in most biology disciplines, to analyze a redox signal you need first to deconstruct it. The essential components that constitute a redox signal and should be characterized are: (i) the reactivity of the specific reactive species, (ii) the magnitude of change, (iii) the temporal pattern of change, and (iv) the antioxidant condition. Second, to be able to translate the physiological fate of a redox signal you need to apply novel and bioplausible methodological strategies. Important considerations that should be taken into account when designing an experiment is to (i) assure that redox and physiological measurements are at the same or similar level of biological organization and (ii) focus on molecules that are at the highest level of the redox hierarchy. Third, to reconstruct the redox signal and make sense of the chaotic nature of redox processes, it is essential to apply mathematical and computational modeling. The aim of the present study was to collectively present, for the first time, those elements that essentially affect the redox signal as well as to emphasize that the deconstructing, decoding and reconstructing of a redox signal should be acknowledged as central to design better studies and to advance our understanding on its physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Dialysis Unit, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis N Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Vassilis Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios A Theodorou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis S Vrabas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Kyparos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Kroken KK, Sæthre AA, Nicolaisen O, Egeland TB, Nordeide JT. Carotenoids-based reddish pelvic spines in nonreproducing female and male sticklebacks ( Gasterosteus aculeatus) - Signalling social dominance? Ecol Evol 2021; 11:11038-11050. [PMID: 34429901 PMCID: PMC8366892 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conspicuous ornaments are often considered a result of evolution by sexual selection. According to the social selection hypothesis, such conspicuous traits may also evolve as badges of status associated with increased boldness or aggression toward conspecifics in conflicts about ecological resources. This study tested predictions from the social selection hypothesis to explain evolution of conspicuous red color of the pelvic spines of the three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Wild nonreproducing sticklebacks were presented to pairs of dummies which differed at their pelvic spines, having either (i) normal-sized gray or red pelvic spines or (ii) normal-sized gray or large red pelvic spines. The experimental tank was illuminated by white or green light, since green light impedes the sticklebacks' ability to detect red color. The dummies moved slowly around in circles at each end of the experimental tank. We quantified the parameters (i) which of the two dummies was visited first, (ii) time taken before the first visit to a dummy, (iii) distribution of the focal sticklebacks in the two zones close to each of the two dummies and in the neutral zone of the tank, (iv) close to which of the two dummies did the focal fish eat its first food-piece, and (v) time spent until the first piece of food was eaten. This was carried out for 22 females and 29 males sticklebacks. The results suggested no effect of the color or size of the dummies' pelvic spines, on none of the five behavioral parameters. Moreover, neither the color of the pelvic spines of the focal sticklebacks themselves (as opposed to redness of the dummies' spines) nor their body length was associated with behavior toward the dummies. Thus, this study did not support predictions from the social selection hypothesis to explain evolution of red pelvic spines in sticklebacks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Axel Aas Sæthre
- Faculty of Biosciences and AquacultureNord UniversityBodøNorway
| | - Ove Nicolaisen
- Faculty of Biosciences and AquacultureNord UniversityBodøNorway
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Trejo-Castro AI, Caballero-Luna RA, Garnica-López JA, Vega-Lara F, Martinez-Torteya A. Signal and Texture Features from T2 Maps for the Prediction of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's Disease Progression. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:941. [PMID: 34442078 PMCID: PMC8394497 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9080941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial to preserve cognitive functions and provide the opportunity for patients to enter clinical trials. In recent years, some studies have reported that features related to the signal and texture of MRI images can be an effective biomarker of AD. To test these claims, a study was conducted using T2 maps, a sequence not previously studied, of 40 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database, who either progressed to AD (18) or remained stable (22). From these maps, the mean value and absolute difference of 37 signal and texture imaging features for 40 contralateral pairs of regions were measured. We used seven machine learning methods to analyze whether, by adding these imaging features to the neuropsychological studies currently used for diagnosis, we could more accurately identify patients who will progress to AD. The predictive models improved with the addition of signal and texture features. Additionally, features related to the signal and texture of the images were much more relevant than volumetric ones. Our results suggest that contralateral signal and texture features should be further investigated as potential biomarkers for the prediction of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo A. Caballero-Luna
- Programa de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Mexico; (R.A.C.-L.); (J.A.G.-L.); (F.V.-L.)
| | - José A. Garnica-López
- Programa de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Mexico; (R.A.C.-L.); (J.A.G.-L.); (F.V.-L.)
| | - Fernando Vega-Lara
- Programa de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Mexico; (R.A.C.-L.); (J.A.G.-L.); (F.V.-L.)
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Padmanabhan D, Sugrue A, Vaidya V, Witt C, Yasin O, Naksuk N, Killu A, Foxall T, Drakulic BS, Venkatachalam KL, Asirvatham SJ. Incremental benefit of a novel signal recording system during mapping and ablation. Europace 2021; 23:130-138. [PMID: 33094311 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Current electrophysiology signal recording and mapping systems have limited dynamic range (DR) and bandwidth, which causes loss of valuable information during acquisition of cardiac signals. We evaluated a novel advanced signal processing platform with the objective to obtain and assess additional information of clinical importance. METHODS AND RESULTS Over 10 canines, we compared intracardiac recordings within all cardiac chambers, in various rhythms, in pacing and during radiofrequency (RF) ablation across two platforms; a conventional system and the PURE EP™ [(PEP); Bio Sig Technologies, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA]. Recording cardiac signals with varying amplitudes were consistently and reproducibly observed, without loss of detail or introduction of artefact. Further the amplitude of current of injury (COI) on the unipolar signals correlated with the instantaneous contact force (CF) recorded on the sensing catheter in all the animals (r2 = 0.94 in ventricle). The maximum change in the unipolar COI correlated with the change in local electrogram amplitude during non-irrigated RF ablation (r2 = 0.61 in atrium). Reduction in artefact attributable to pacing (20 sites) and noise during ablation (48 sites) was present on the PEP system. Within the PEP system, simultaneous display of identical signals, filtered differently, aided the visualization of discrete conduction tissue signals. CONCLUSION Compared to current system, the PEP system provided incremental information including identifying conduction tissue signals, estimates of CF and a surrogate for lesion formation. This novel signal processing platform with increased DR and minimal front-end filtering may be useful in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Padmanabhan
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alan Sugrue
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Vaibhav Vaidya
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chance Witt
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Omar Yasin
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Niyada Naksuk
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ammar Killu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | - Samuel J Asirvatham
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Corso F, Tini G, Lo Presti G, Garau N, De Angelis SP, Bellerba F, Rinaldi L, Botta F, Rizzo S, Origgi D, Paganelli C, Cremonesi M, Rampinelli C, Bellomi M, Mazzarella L, Pelicci PG, Gandini S, Raimondi S. The Challenge of Choosing the Best Classification Method in Radiomic Analyses: Recommendations and Applications to Lung Cancer CT Images. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123088. [PMID: 34205631 PMCID: PMC8234634 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiomics uses high-dimensional sets of imaging features to predict biological characteristics of tumors and clinical outcomes. The choice of the algorithm used to analyze radiomic features and perform predictions has a high impact on the results, thus the identification of adequate machine learning methods for radiomic applications is crucial. In this study we aim to identify suitable approaches of analysis for radiomic-based binary predictions, according to sample size, outcome balancing and the features-outcome association strength. Simulated data were obtained reproducing the correlation structure among 168 radiomic features extracted from Computed Tomography images of 270 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients and the associated to lymph node status. Performances of six classifiers combined with six feature selection (FS) methods were assessed on the simulated data using AUC (Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curves), sensitivity, and specificity. For all the FS methods and regardless of the association strength, the tree-based classifiers Random Forest and Extreme Gradient Boosting obtained good performances (AUC ≥ 0.73), showing the best trade-off between sensitivity and specificity. On small samples, performances were generally lower than in large-medium samples and with larger variations. FS methods generally did not improve performances. Thus, in radiomic studies, we suggest evaluating the choice of FS and classifiers, considering specific sample size, balancing, and association strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Corso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (G.T.); (L.M.); (P.G.P.)
- Department of Mathematics (DMAT), Politecnico di Milano, via Edoardo Bonardi 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Centre for Analysis, Decision and Society (CADS), Human Technopole, via Cristina Belgioioso 171, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Tini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (G.T.); (L.M.); (P.G.P.)
| | - Giuliana Lo Presti
- Medical Physics Unit, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.L.P.); (F.B.); (D.O.)
| | - Noemi Garau
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34, 20133 Milan, Italy; (N.G.); (C.P.)
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (C.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Simone Pietro De Angelis
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (S.P.D.A.); (F.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Federica Bellerba
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (S.P.D.A.); (F.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Lisa Rinaldi
- Radiation Research Unit, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (L.R.); (M.C.)
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Botta
- Medical Physics Unit, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.L.P.); (F.B.); (D.O.)
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Clinica di Radiologia EOC, Istituto Imaging della Svizzera Italiana (IIMSI), via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
| | - Daniela Origgi
- Medical Physics Unit, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.L.P.); (F.B.); (D.O.)
| | - Chiara Paganelli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34, 20133 Milan, Italy; (N.G.); (C.P.)
| | - Marta Cremonesi
- Radiation Research Unit, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (L.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Cristiano Rampinelli
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (C.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Massimo Bellomi
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (C.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Luca Mazzarella
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (G.T.); (L.M.); (P.G.P.)
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO European Institute of Experimental Oncology IRCCS, via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (G.T.); (L.M.); (P.G.P.)
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, University of Milan, via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (S.P.D.A.); (F.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; (S.P.D.A.); (F.B.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Mammalian phagocytes can phagocytose (i.e. eat) other mammalian cells in the body if they display certain signals, and this phagocytosis plays fundamental roles in development, cell turnover, tissue homeostasis and disease prevention. To phagocytose the correct cells, phagocytes must discriminate which cells to eat using a 'phagocytic code' - a set of over 50 known phagocytic signals determining whether a cell is eaten or not - comprising find-me signals, eat-me signals, don't-eat-me signals and opsonins. Most opsonins require binding to eat-me signals - for example, the opsonins galectin-3, calreticulin and C1q bind asialoglycan eat-me signals on target cells - to induce phagocytosis. Some proteins act as 'self-opsonins', while others are 'negative opsonins' or 'phagocyte suppressants', inhibiting phagocytosis. We review known phagocytic signals here, both established and novel, and how they integrate to regulate phagocytosis of several mammalian targets - including excess cells in development, senescent and aged cells, infected cells, cancer cells, dead or dying cells, cell debris and neuronal synapses. Understanding the phagocytic code, and how it goes wrong, may enable novel therapies for multiple pathologies with too much or too little phagocytosis, such as: infectious disease, cancer, neurodegeneration, psychiatric disease, cardiovascular disease, ageing and auto-immune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guy C. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Ariffin SH, A Wahab I, Hassan Y, Abd Wahab MS. Adulterated Traditional-Herbal Medicinal Products and Its Safety Signals in Malaysia. Drug Healthc Patient Saf 2021; 13:133-140. [PMID: 34135639 PMCID: PMC8197568 DOI: 10.2147/dhps.s305953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Usage of traditional-herbal medicines (THM) for various illnesses has been increased around the world, so does the adulteration of these products with hazardous compounds. There are limited Malaysian data that have been published on the characteristics trend and adverse events associated with adulterated THM products. AIM This study described characteristics of adulterated THM products in Malaysia and aimed to quantify THM products' safety signals of adverse reactions (ARs). METHODS THM products that were seized by Pharmacy Enforcement Division between 2008 and 2014 were extracted and analysed for 59,440 THM products. Of these, only 6452 THM products with complete information were included in the final analyses. Safety signalling tools were used to measure AR signals from AR reports obtained from the National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency Adverse Drug Reaction Database. RESULTS More than half of adulterated THM products originated from countries outside of Malaysia, with the majority were from Indonesia. The most common claimed indication of adulterated THM products was for pain and fever relief, while steroids were the most common adulterant. AR signals were generated for cough and cold products for respiratory and thoracic disorders, weight-loss products for cardiac disorders, and women's health products for reproductive and breast disorders. CONCLUSION Health authorities from various fields can work collaboratively by implementing strategic actions that include the use of safety signalling tools to curb the increasing number of adulterated THM products in the Malaysian market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriana Hanim Ariffin
- Pharmacy Enforcement Division, National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency, Petaling Jaya, 46200, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Izyan A Wahab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yahaya Hassan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahezwan Abd Wahab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
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Choi JY, Choi JH, Kim MG, Rhie SJ. Signal Detection of Adverse Drug Reactions of Cephalosporins Using Data from a National Pharmacovigilance Database. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:425. [PMID: 34063258 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This case-non-case study aims to detect signals not currently listed on cephalosporin drug labels. From 2009 to 2018, adverse event (AE) reports concerning antibacterial drugs (anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) code J01) in the Korea Adverse Events Reporting System (KAERS) database were examined. For signal detection, three indices of disproportionality, proportional reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR), and information component (IC), were calculated. The list of signals was compared with ADRs on the drug labels from the United States, United Kingdom, Japan, and South Korea. A total of 163,800 cephalosporin-AE combinations and 72,265 all other J01-AE combinations were analyzed. This study detected 472 signals and 114 new signals that are not included on the drug labels. Cefatrizine-corneal edema (PRR, 440.64; ROR, 481.67; IC, 3.84) and cefatrizine-corneal ulceration (PRR, 346.22; ROR, 399.70; IC, 4.40) had the highest PRR, ROR, and IC among all signals. Additionally, six serious AEs that were not listed on drug labels such as cefaclor-induced stupor (ten cases) and cefaclor-induced respiratory depression (four cases) were found. Detecting signals using a national pharmacovigilance database is useful for identifying unknown ADRs. This study identified signals of cephalosporins that warrant further investigation.
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Raschi E, Fusaroli M, Ardizzoni A, Poluzzi E, De Ponti F. Thromboembolic Events with Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1758. [PMID: 33917020 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This post-marketing research addressed the role of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors, relatively new anticancer drugs approved for advanced breast cancer in cancer-associated thrombosis. We used the Food and Drug Administration pharmacovigilance database to retrospectively assess thromboembolic events in the real world. A potential class effect was found for venous thrombosis, whereas distinctive arterial events emerged for ribociclib. These signals call for both prospective research and early proactive monitoring by oncologists, also in patients without apparent risk factors. These findings strengthen the role of timely pharmacovigilance to detect and characterize post-marketing adverse events of special interest, thus supporting patient care. Abstract We analyzed thromboembolic events, recognized (AESIs), with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitors, using the Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system. Methods: Thromboembolic events were characterized in terms of spectrum [venous and arterial thromboembolism (VTE; ATE)] and clinical features by combining the disproportionality approach [reporting odds ratio (ROR) with 95% confidence interval (CI)] with individual case assessment. Results: A total of 1722 thromboembolic events were retained. Increased VTE reporting emerged for CDK4/6 inhibitors in the exploratory analyses (n = 659; ROR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.39–1.63), with consistent disproportionality in the consolidated analyses (e.g., deep vein thrombosis with abemaciclib: 17; 1.98; 1.22–3.19). Higher-than-expected ATE reporting was found for ribociclib, including myocardial infarction (41; 1.82; 1.33–2.48), with rapid onset (median latency 1 vs. 6 months for other CDK4/6 inhibitors). Causality was highly probable or probable in 83.2% of cases, with a negligible proportion of pre-existing drug- and patient-related risk factors except for cardiovascular comorbidities (26%). Conclusions: Although causal association cannot be firmly inferred, oncologists should proactively monitor the occurrence of VTE with CDK4/6 inhibitors. The unexpected distinctive increased ATE reporting with ribociclib deserves urgent clarification though large comparative population-based studies. We support pharmacovigilance for the post-marketing characterization of AESIs, thus promoting real-time safe prescribing in oncology.
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Hensley NM, Ellis EA, Leung NY, Coupart J, Mikhailovsky A, Taketa DA, Tessler M, Gruber DF, De Tomaso AW, Mitani Y, Rivers TJ, Gerrish GA, Torres E, Oakley TH. Selection, drift, and constraint in cypridinid luciferases and the diversification of bioluminescent signals in sea fireflies. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1864-1879. [PMID: 33031624 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic causes of evolutionary diversification is challenging because differences across species are complex, often involving many genes. However, cases where single or few genetic loci affect a trait that varies dramatically across a radiation of species provide tractable opportunities to understand the genetics of diversification. Here, we begin to explore how diversification of bioluminescent signals across species of cypridinid ostracods ("sea fireflies") was influenced by evolution of a single gene, cypridinid-luciferase. In addition to emission spectra ("colour") of bioluminescence from 21 cypridinid species, we report 13 new c-luciferase genes from de novo transcriptomes, including in vitro assays to confirm function of four of those genes. Our comparative analyses suggest some amino acid sites in c-luciferase evolved under episodic diversifying selection and may be associated with changes in both enzyme kinetics and colour, two enzymatic functions that directly impact the phenotype of bioluminescent signals. The analyses also suggest multiple other amino acid positions in c-luciferase evolved neutrally or under purifying selection, and may have impacted the variation of colour of bioluminescent signals across genera. Previous mutagenesis studies at candidate sites show epistatic interactions, which could constrain the evolution of c-luciferase function. This work provides important steps toward understanding the genetic basis of diversification of behavioural signals across multiple species, suggesting different evolutionary processes act at different times during a radiation of species. These results set the stage for additional mutagenesis studies that could explicitly link selection, drift, and constraint to the evolution of phenotypic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholai M Hensley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Emily A Ellis
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Y Leung
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - John Coupart
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Mikhailovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Daryl A Taketa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Michael Tessler
- American Museum of Natural History and New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, St. Francis College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - David F Gruber
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, City University of New York Baruch College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony W De Tomaso
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Yasuo Mitani
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan
| | - Trevor J Rivers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Gretchen A Gerrish
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Torres
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Todd H Oakley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Hao Z, Li W, Hao X. Variations of electric potential in the xylem of tree trunks associated with water content rhythms. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:1321-1335. [PMID: 33098428 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Instantaneous electrical responses in plants have been widely studied, but the mechanism of spontaneous, periodic electric potential alternations in the xylem of tree trunks remains controversial. The generation of the electric potential can be explained by the electrode potential, which depends on ion concentrations near electrodes. However, several different hypotheses about its periodic variations have been proposed, including streaming potential, ion diffusion, charge transport, and oxygen turnover. Here, we performed long-term measurements on the electric potential and water content in the xylem of trees, and observed changes in the electric potential and transpiration rate in response to varied numbers of leaves, light radiation, temperature, and relative air humidity. The electric potential showed a distinct seasonal trend, combined with daily rhythms, and could be affected by environmental changes. Rapid changes in the electric potential routinely lagged behind those of the transpiration rate, but their ranges of change were proportional. Both annual and diurnal patterns of the electric potential were synchronous with the trees' water content. Moreover, we found potential function relationships between the electric potential and water content. Accordingly, we propose a new perspective, that the variations of the electric potential in tree xylem could be associated with water content rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Hao
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomie Hao
- No. 95 Fengya Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, China
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Bremhorst A, Mills DS, Stolzlechner L, Würbel H, Riemer S. 'Puppy Dog Eyes' Are Associated With Eye Movements, Not Communication. Front Psychol 2021; 12:568935. [PMID: 33679505 PMCID: PMC7925631 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.568935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner brow raiser is a muscle movement that increases the size of the orbital cavity, leading to the appearance of so-called 'puppy dog eyes'. In domestic dogs, this expression was suggested to be enhanced by artificial selection and to play an important role in the dog-human relationship. Production of the inner brow raiser has been shown to be sensitive to the attentive stance of a human, suggesting a possible communicative function. However, it has not yet been examined whether it is sensitive to human presence. In the current study, we aimed to test whether the inner brow raiser differs depending on the presence or absence of an observer. We used two versions of a paradigm in an equivalent experimental setting in which dogs were trained to expect a reward; however, the presence/absence of a person in the test apparatus was varied. In the social context, a human facing the dog delivered the reward; in the non-social context, reward delivery was automatized. If the inner brow raiser has a communicative function and dogs adjust its expression to an audience, we expect it to be shown more frequently in the social context (when facing a person in the apparatus) than in the non-social context (when facing the apparatus without a person inside). The frequency of the inner brow raiser differed between the two contexts, but contrary to the prediction, it was shown more frequently in the non-social context. We further demonstrate that the inner brow raiser is strongly associated with eye movements and occurs independently in only 6% of cases. This result challenges the hypothesis that the inner brow raiser has a communicative function in dog-human interactions and suggests a lower-level explanation for its production, namely an association with eye movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Bremhorst
- Division of Animal Welfare, DCR-VPHI, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S Mills
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Stolzlechner
- Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanno Würbel
- Division of Animal Welfare, DCR-VPHI, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Riemer
- Division of Animal Welfare, DCR-VPHI, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Broder ED, Elias DO, Rodríguez RL, Rosenthal GG, Seymoure BM, Tinghitella RM. Evolutionary novelty in communication between the sexes. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20200733. [PMID: 33529546 PMCID: PMC8086948 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of signalling traits within and across taxa is vast and striking, prompting us to consider how novelty evolves in the context of animal communication. Sexual selection contributes to diversification, and here we endeavour to understand the initial conditions that facilitate the maintenance or elimination of new sexual signals and receiver features. New sender and receiver variants can occur through mutation, plasticity, hybridization and cultural innovation, and the initial conditions of the sender, the receiver and the environment then dictate whether a novel cue becomes a signal. New features may arise in the sender, the receiver or both simultaneously. We contend that it may be easier than assumed to evolve new sexual signals because sexual signals may be arbitrary, sexual conflict is common and receivers are capable of perceiving much more of the world than just existing sexual signals. Additionally, changes in the signalling environment can approximate both signal and receiver changes through a change in transmission characteristics of a given environment or the use of new environments. The Anthropocene has led to wide-scale disruption of the environment and may thus generate opportunity to directly observe the evolution of new signals to address questions that are beyond the reach of phylogenetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Dale Broder
- Department of Biology, St Ambrose University, Davenport, IA 52803, USA
| | - Damian O. Elias
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rafael L. Rodríguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Gil G. Rosenthal
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Brett M. Seymoure
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Novák V, Stočes M, Čížková T, Jarolímek J, Kánská E. Experimental Evaluation of the Availability of LoRaWAN Frequency Channels in the Czech Republic. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21030940. [PMID: 33572572 PMCID: PMC7866860 DOI: 10.3390/s21030940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
LoRaWAN communication allows you to create IoT (Internet of Things) solutions across many disciplines. A specific field of application is precision agriculture, which demands this technology mainly due to the fact that it is possible to create low power sensor devices with it. However, in densely populated areas, a lower success rate of message delivery can be observed on some communication channels. For example, this can have an impact on urban agriculture projects. After performing an experiment and analytical–statistical data processing using the Geographic Information System (GIS) tool ArcGIS Insights, it was shown that the success of message delivery on the basic LoRaWAN channel (868.3 MHz) is lower than for the others. Therefore, to ensure higher reliability and thus energy savings, it is appropriate to optimize the use of frequency channels.
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