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Acevedo MA, Fankhauser C, González L, Quigg M, Gonzalez B, Papa R. Recolonization of secondary forests by a locally extinct Caribbean anole through the lens of range expansion theory. Ecol Appl 2024; 34:e2960. [PMID: 38425089 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Disturbance and recovery dynamics are characteristic features of many ecosystems. Disturbance dynamics are widely studied in ecology and conservation biology. Still, we know less about the ecological processes that drive ecosystem recovery. The ecological processes that mediate ecosystem recovery stand at the intersection of many theoretical frameworks. Range expansion theory is one of these complementary frameworks that can provide unique insights into the population-level processes that mediate ecosystem recovery, particularly fauna recolonization. Although the biodiversity patterns that follow the fauna recolonization of recovering forests have been well described in the literature, the ecological processes at the population level that drive these patterns remain conspicuously unknown. In this study, we tested three fundamental predictions of range expansion theory during the recolonization of recovering forests in Puerto Rico by a shade specialist anole, Anolis gundlachi. Range expansion theory predicts that individuals at the early stages of recolonization (i.e., younger forests) would have a high prevalence of dispersive traits, experience less density dependence, and suffer less parasitism. To test these predictions, we conducted a chronosequence study applying space-for-time substitution where we compared phenotypic traits (i.e., body size, body condition, and relative limb size), population density, population growth rates, and Plasmodium parasitism rates among lizard populations living in young (<30 years), mid (~40-70 years), and old-growth forests (>75 years). Lizard populations in younger forests had lower densities, higher population growth rates, and lower rates of Plasmodium parasitism compared with old-growth forests. Still, while we found that individuals had larger body sizes, and longer forelimbs in young forests in one site, this result was not consistent among sites. This suggests a potential trade-off between the traits that provide a dispersal advantage during the initial stages of recolonization and those that are advantageous to establish in novel environmental conditions. Overall, our study emphasizes the suitability of range expansion theory to describe fauna recolonization but also highlights that the ecological processes that drive recolonization are time-dependent, complex, and nuanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Acevedo
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Carly Fankhauser
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Luis González
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Marné Quigg
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Bella Gonzalez
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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2
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Sakamoto F, Kanamori S, Díaz LM, Cádiz A, Ishii Y, Yamaguchi K, Shigenobu S, Nakayama T, Makino T, Kawata M. Detection of evolutionary conserved and accelerated genomic regions related to adaptation to thermal niches in Anolis lizards. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11117. [PMID: 38455144 PMCID: PMC10920033 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis for adapting to thermal environments is important due to serious effects of global warming on ectothermic species. Various genes associated with thermal adaptation in lizards have been identified mainly focusing on changes in gene expression or the detection of positively selected genes using coding regions. Only a few comprehensive genome-wide analyses have included noncoding regions. This study aimed to identify evolutionarily conserved and accelerated genomic regions using whole genomes of eight Anolis lizard species that have repeatedly adapted to similar thermal environments in multiple lineages. Evolutionarily conserved genomic regions were extracted as regions with overall sequence conservation (regions with fewer base substitutions) across all lineages compared with the neutral model. Genomic regions that underwent accelerated evolution in the lineage of interest were identified as those with more base substitutions in the target branch than in the entire background branch. Conserved elements across all branches were relatively abundant in "intergenic" genomic regions among noncoding regions. Accelerated regions (ARs) of each lineage contained a significantly greater proportion of noncoding RNA genes than the entire multiple alignment. Common genes containing ARs within 5 kb of their vicinity in lineages with similar thermal habitats were identified. Many genes associated with circadian rhythms and behavior were found in hot-open and cool-shaded habitat lineages. These genes might play a role in contributing to thermal adaptation and assist future studies examining the function of genes involved in thermal adaptation via genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuku Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | | | - Luis M. Díaz
- National Museum of Natural History of CubaHavanaCuba
| | - Antonio Cádiz
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of HavanaHavanaCuba
- Present address:
Department of BiologyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFloridaUSA
| | - Yuu Ishii
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | | | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Trans‐Omics FacilityNational Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiJapan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life ScienceThe Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAIOkazakiJapan
| | - Takuro Nakayama
- Division of Life Sciences, Center for Computational SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Takashi Makino
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Masakado Kawata
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
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3
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Storks L, Garcia J, Perez-Martinez CA, Leal M. Habitat complexity influences neuron number in six species of Puerto Rican Anolis. Biol Lett 2024; 20:20230419. [PMID: 38320619 PMCID: PMC10846941 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the selective forces shaping the diversity of vertebrate brains continues to be a major area of inquiry, particularly as it relates to cognition. Historically brain evolution was interpreted through the lens of relative brain size; however, recent evidence has challenged this approach. Investigating neuroanatomy at a finer scale, such as neuron number, can provide new insights into the forces shaping brain evolution in the context of information processing capacity. Ecological factors, such as the complexity of a species' habitat, place demands on cognition that could shape neuroanatomy. In this study, we investigate the relationship between neuron number and habitat complexity in three brain regions across six closely related anole species from Puerto Rico. After controlling for brain mass, we found that the number of neurons increased with habitat complexity across species in the telencephalon and 'rest of the brain,' but not in the cerebellum. Our results demonstrate that habitat complexity has shaped neuroanatomy in the Puerto Rican anole radiation and provide further evidence of the role of habitat complexity in vertebrate brain evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Storks
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jessica Garcia
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Manuel Leal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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4
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Stroud JT, Petherick A, Krasnoff B, Walker K, Suh JJ, Losos JB. Signal size allometry in Anolis lizard dewlaps. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230160. [PMID: 37403573 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive allometry of signalling traits has often been taken as evidence for sexual selection. However, few studies have explored interspecific differences in allometric scaling relationships among closely related species that vary in their degree of ecological similarity. Anolis lizards possess an elaborate retractable throat fan called a dewlap that is used for visual communication and differs greatly in size and colour among species. We observed that Anolis dewlaps demonstrate positive allometry: relative dewlap size increases with body size. We also observed that coexisting species are divergent in signal size allometries, while convergent species-similar in other aspects of ecology, morphology and behaviour-typically share similar dewlap allometric scaling relationships. These patterns suggest that dewlap scaling relationships may follow the same pattern as other traits in the anole radiation, where ecologically different sympatric species have evolved a suite of divergent traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Stroud
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ansley Petherick
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Benjamin Krasnoff
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Kamau Walker
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jonathan J Suh
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jonathan B Losos
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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5
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Kolbe JJ, Giery ST, Lapiedra O, Lyberger KP, Pita-Aquino JN, Moniz HA, Leal M, Spiller DA, Losos JB, Schoener TW, Piovia-Scott J. Experimentally simulating the evolution-to-ecology connection: Divergent predator morphologies alter natural food webs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221691120. [PMID: 37276393 PMCID: PMC10268251 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221691120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The idea that changing environmental conditions drive adaptive evolution is a pillar of evolutionary ecology. But, the opposite-that adaptive evolution alters ecological processes-has received far less attention yet is critical for eco-evolutionary dynamics. We assessed the ecological impact of divergent values in a key adaptive trait using 16 populations of the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei). Mirroring natural variation, we established islands with short- or long-limbed lizards at both low and high densities. We then monitored changes in lower trophic levels, finding that on islands with a high density of short-limbed lizards, web-spider densities decreased and plants grew more via an indirect positive effect, likely through an herbivore-mediated trophic cascade. Our experiment provides strong support for evolution-to-ecology connections in nature, likely closing an otherwise well-characterized eco-evolutionary feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J. Kolbe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI02881
| | - Sean T. Giery
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
| | - Oriol Lapiedra
- Centre for Research in Ecology and Applied Forestry (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia08193, Spain
| | - Kelsey P. Lyberger
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | | | - Haley A. Moniz
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV89557
| | - Manuel Leal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - David A. Spiller
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Jonathan B. Losos
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
| | - Thomas W. Schoener
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Jonah Piovia-Scott
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA98686
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6
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Pamfilie AM, Garner AM, Russell AP, Dhinojwala A, Niewiarowski PH. Get to the point: Claw morphology impacts frictional interactions on rough substrates. ZOOLOGY 2023; 157:126078. [PMID: 36848689 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2023.126078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Claws are a common anatomical feature among limbed amniotes and contribute to a variety of functions including prey capture, locomotion, and attachment. Previous studies of both avian and non-avian reptiles have found correlations between habitat use and claw morphology, suggesting that variation in claw shape permits effective functioning in different microhabitats. How, or if, claw morphology influences attachment performance, particularly in isolation from the rest of the digit, has received little attention. To examine the effects of claw shape on frictional interactions, we isolated the claws of preserved specimens of Cuban knight anoles (Anolis equestris), quantified variation in claw morphology via geometric morphometrics, and measured friction on four different substrates that varied in surface roughness. We found that multiple aspects of claw shape influence frictional interactions, but only on substrates for which asperities are large enough to permit mechanical interlocking with the claw. On such substrates, the diameter of the claw's tip is the most important predictor of friction, with narrower claw tips inducing greater frictional interactions than wider ones. We also found that claw curvature, length, and depth influence friction, but that these relationships depend on the substrate's surface roughness. Our findings suggest that although claw shape plays a critical role in the effective clinging ability of lizards, its relative importance is dependent upon the substrate. Description of mechanical function, as well as ecological function, is critical for a holistic understanding of claw shape variation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Austin M Garner
- Integrated Bioscience Program, The University of Akron, Akron OH 44325-3908, USA; Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron OH 44325-3908, USA.
| | - Anthony P Russell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- Integrated Bioscience Program, The University of Akron, Akron OH 44325-3908, USA; Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3909, USA
| | - Peter H Niewiarowski
- Integrated Bioscience Program, The University of Akron, Akron OH 44325-3908, USA; Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron OH 44325-3908, USA
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7
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Winchell KM, Campbell-Staton SC, Losos JB, Revell LJ, Verrelli BC, Geneva AJ. Genome-wide parallelism underlies contemporary adaptation in urban lizards. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216789120. [PMID: 36634133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216789120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanization drastically transforms landscapes, resulting in fragmentation, degradation, and the loss of local biodiversity. Yet, urban environments also offer opportunities to observe rapid evolutionary change in wild populations that survive and even thrive in these novel habitats. In many ways, cities represent replicated "natural experiments" in which geographically separated populations adaptively respond to similar selection pressures over rapid evolutionary timescales. Little is known, however, about the genetic basis of adaptive phenotypic differentiation in urban populations nor the extent to which phenotypic parallelism is reflected at the genomic level with signatures of parallel selection. Here, we analyzed the genomic underpinnings of parallel urban-associated phenotypic change in Anolis cristatellus, a small-bodied neotropical lizard found abundantly in both urbanized and forested environments. We show that phenotypic parallelism in response to parallel urban environmental change is underlain by genomic parallelism and identify candidate loci across the Anolis genome associated with this adaptive morphological divergence. Our findings point to polygenic selection on standing genetic variation as a key process to effectuate rapid morphological adaptation. Identified candidate loci represent several functions associated with skeletomuscular development, morphology, and human disease. Taken together, these results shed light on the genomic basis of complex morphological adaptations, provide insight into the role of contingency and determinism in adaptation to novel environments, and underscore the value of urban environments to address fundamental evolutionary questions.
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8
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Nicholson DJ, Knell RJ, McCrea RS, Neel LK, Curlis JD, Williams CE, Chung AK, McMillan WO, Garner TWJ, Cox CL, Logan ML. Climate anomalies and competition reduce establishment success during island colonization. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9402. [PMID: 36248670 PMCID: PMC9547383 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors that facilitate or constrain establishment of populations in novel environments is crucial for conservation biology and the study of adaptive radiation. Important questions include: (1) Does the timing of colonization relative to stochastic events, such as climatic perturbations, impact the probability of successful establishment? (2) To what extent does community context (e.g., the presence of competitors) change the probability of establishment? (3) How do sources of intrapopulation variance, such as sex differences, affect success at an individual level during the process of establishment? Answers to these questions are rarely pursued in a field-experimental context or on the same time scales (months to years) as the processes of colonization and establishment. We introduced slender anole lizards (Anolis apletophallus) to eight islands in the Panama Canal and tracked them over multiple generations to investigate the factors that mediate establishment success. All islands were warmer than the mainland (ancestral) environment, and some islands had a native competitor. We transplanted half of these populations only 4 months before the onset of a severe regional drought and the other half 2 years (two generations) before the drought. We found that successful establishment depended on both the intensity of interspecific competition and the timing of colonization relative to the drought. The islands that were colonized shortly before the drought went functionally extinct by the second generation, and regardless of time before the drought, the populations on islands with interspecific competition declined continuously over the study period. Furthermore, the effect of the competitor interacted with sex, with males suffering, and females benefitting, from the presence of a native competitor. Our results reveal that community context and the timing of colonization relative to climactic events can combine to determine establishment success and that these factors can generate opposite effects on males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Nicholson
- Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK,Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityPanama,Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK,University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexasUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael L. Logan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityPanama,University of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
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9
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Williams CE, Kueneman JG, Nicholson DJ, Rosso AA, Folfas E, Casement B, Gallegos-Koyner MA, Neel LK, Curlis JD, McMillan WO, Cox CL, Logan ML. Sustained Drought, but Not Short-Term Warming, Alters the Gut Microbiomes of Wild Anolis Lizards. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022;:e0053022. [PMID: 36165625 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00530-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As rising temperatures threaten biodiversity across the globe, tropical ectotherms are thought to be particularly vulnerable due to their narrow thermal tolerance ranges. Nevertheless, physiology-based models highlighting the vulnerability of tropical organisms rarely consider the contributions of their gut microbiota, even though microbiomes influence numerous host traits, including thermal tolerance. We combined field and lab experiments to understand the response of the slender anole lizard (Anolis apletophallus) gut microbiome to climatic shifts of various magnitude and duration. First, to examine the effects of long-term climate warming in the wild, we transplanted lizards from the mainland Panama to a series of warmer islands in the Panama Canal and compared their gut microbiome compositions after three generations of divergence. Next, we mimicked the effects of a short-term "heat-wave" by using a greenhouse experiment and explored the link between gut microbiome composition and lizard thermal physiology. Finally, we examined variation in gut microbiomes in our mainland population in the years both before and after a naturally occurring drought. Our results suggest that slender anole microbiomes are surprisingly resilient to short-term warming. However, both the taxonomic and predicted functional compositions of the gut microbiome varied by sampling year across all sites, suggesting that the drought may have had a regional effect. We provide evidence that short-term heat waves may not substantially affect the gut microbiota, while more sustained climate anomalies may have effects at broad geographic scales. IMPORTANCE As climate change progresses, it is crucial to understand how animals will respond to shifts in their local environments. One component of this response involves changes in the microbial communities living in and on host organisms. These "microbiomes" can affect many processes that contribute to host health and survival, yet few studies have measured changes in the microbiomes of wild organisms experiencing novel climatic conditions. We examined the effects of shifting climates on the gut microbiome of the slender anole lizard (Anolis apletophallus) by using a combination of field and laboratory studies, including transplants to warm islands in the Panama Canal. We found that slender anole microbiomes remain stable in response to short-term warming but may be sensitive to sustained climate anomalies, such as droughts. We discuss the significance of these findings for a species that is considered highly vulnerable to climate change.
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10
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Lopera D, Guo KC, Putman BJ, Swierk L. Keeping it cool to take the heat: tropical lizards have greater thermal tolerance in less disturbed habitats. Oecologia 2022; 199:819-829. [PMID: 35948691 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Global climate change has profound effects on species, especially those in habitats already altered by humans. Tropical ectotherms are predicted to be at high risk from global temperature increases, particularly those adapted to cooler temperatures at higher altitudes. We investigated how one such species, the water anole (Anolis aquaticus), is affected by temperature stress similar to that of a warming climate across a gradient of human-altered habitats at high elevation sites. We conducted a field survey on thermal traits and measured lizard critical thermal maxima across the sites. From the field survey, we found that (1) lizards from the least disturbed site and (2) operative temperature models of lizards placed in the least disturbed site had lower temperatures than those from sites with histories of human disturbance. Individuals from the least disturbed site also demonstrated greater tolerance to high temperatures than those from the more disturbed sites, in both their critical thermal maxima and the time spent at high temperatures prior to reaching critical thermal maxima. Our results demonstrate within-species variability in responses to high temperatures, depending on habitat type, and provide insight into how tropical reptiles may fare in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lopera
- Global Environmental Science, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Kimberly Chen Guo
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Breanna J Putman
- Department of Biology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Herpetology and Urban Nature Research Center, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
| | - Lindsey Swierk
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Studies Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA. .,Amazon Conservatory for Tropical Studies, Iquitos, Loreto, 16001, Perú.
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11
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Cox RM, Hale MD, Wittman TN, Robinson CD, Cox CL. Evolution of hormone-phenotype couplings and hormone-genome interactions. Horm Behav 2022; 144:105216. [PMID: 35777215 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
When selection favors a new relationship between a cue and a hormonally mediated response, adaptation can proceed by altering the hormonal signal that is produced or by altering the phenotypic response to the hormonal signal. The field of evolutionary endocrinology has made considerable progress toward understanding the evolution of hormonal signals, but we know much less about the evolution of hormone-phenotype couplings, particularly at the hormone-genome interface. We briefly review and classify the mechanisms through which these hormone-phenotype couplings likely evolve, using androgens and their receptors and genomic response elements to illustrate our view. We then present two empirical studies of hormone-phenotype couplings, one rooted in evolutionary quantitative genetics and another in comparative transcriptomics, each focused on the regulation of sexually dimorphic phenotypes by testosterone (T) in the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei). First, we illustrate the potential for hormone-phenotype couplings to evolve by showing that coloration of the dewlap (an ornament used in behavioral displays) exhibits significant heritability in its responsiveness to T, implying that anoles harbor genetic variance in the architecture of hormonal pleiotropy. Second, we combine T manipulations with analyses of the liver transcriptome to ask whether and how statistical methods for characterizing modules of co-expressed genes and in silico techniques for identifying androgen response elements (AREs) can improve our understanding of hormone-genome interactions. We conclude by emphasizing important avenues for future work at the hormone-genome interface, particularly those conducted in a comparative evolutionary framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Cox
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Matthew D Hale
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tyler N Wittman
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Christian L Cox
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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12
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Griffing AH, Gamble T, Cohn MJ, Sanger TJ. Convergent developmental patterns underlie the repeated evolution of adhesive toe pads among lizards. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022; 135:518-532. [PMID: 35185322 PMCID: PMC8842688 DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
How developmental modifications produce key innovations, which subsequently allow for rapid diversification of a clade into new adaptive zones, has received much attention. However, few studies have used a robust comparative framework to investigate the influence of evolutionary and developmental constraints on the origin of key innovations, such as the adhesive toe pad of lizards. Adhesive toe pads evolved independently at least 16 times in lizards, allowing us to examine whether the patterns observed are general evolutionary phenomena or unique, lineage-specific events. We performed a high-resolution comparison of plantar scale development in 14 lizard species in Anolis and geckos, encompassing five independent origins of toe pads (one in Anolis, four in geckos). Despite substantial evolutionary divergence between Anolis and geckos, we find that these clades have undergone similar developmental modifications to generate their adhesive toe pads. Relative to the ancestral plantar scale development, in which scale ridges form synchronously along the digit, both padded geckos and Anolis exhibit scansor formation in a distal-to-proximal direction. Both clades have undergone developmental repatterning and, following their origin, modifications in toe pad morphology occurred through relatively minor developmental modifications, suggesting that developmental constraints governed the diversification of the adhesive toe pad in lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H Griffing
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, PO Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Tony Gamble
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, PO Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA,Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 W. Wells St., Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA,Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, 2088 Larpenteur Ave. W., St. Paul, MN 55113, USA
| | - Martin J Cohn
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Thomas J Sanger
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA,Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
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13
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Bock DG, Baeckens S, Pita-Aquino JN, Chejanovski ZA, Michaelides SN, Muralidhar P, Lapiedra O, Park S, Menke DB, Geneva AJ, Losos JB, Kolbe JJ. Changes in selection pressure can facilitate hybridization during biological invasion in a Cuban lizard. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2108638118. [PMID: 34654747 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108638118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization is among the evolutionary mechanisms most frequently hypothesized to drive the success of invasive species, in part because hybrids are common in invasive populations. One explanation for this pattern is that biological invasions coincide with a change in selection pressures that limit hybridization in the native range. To investigate this possibility, we studied the introduction of the brown anole (Anolis sagrei) in the southeastern United States. We find that native populations are highly genetically structured. In contrast, all invasive populations show evidence of hybridization among native-range lineages. Temporal sampling in the invasive range spanning 15 y showed that invasive genetic structure has stabilized, indicating that large-scale contemporary gene flow is limited among invasive populations and that hybrid ancestry is maintained. Additionally, our results are consistent with hybrid persistence in invasive populations resulting from changes in natural selection that occurred during invasion. Specifically, we identify a large-effect X chromosome locus associated with variation in limb length, a well-known adaptive trait in anoles, and show that this locus is often under selection in the native range, but rarely so in the invasive range. Moreover, we find that the effect size of alleles at this locus on limb length is much reduced in hybrids among divergent lineages, consistent with epistatic interactions. Thus, in the native range, epistasis manifested in hybrids can strengthen extrinsic postmating isolation. Together, our findings show how a change in natural selection can contribute to an increase in hybridization in invasive populations.
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14
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Patton AH, Harmon LJ, Del Rosario Castañeda M, Frank HK, Donihue CM, Herrel A, Losos JB. When adaptive radiations collide: Different evolutionary trajectories between and within island and mainland lizard clades. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2024451118. [PMID: 34635588 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024451118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oceanic islands are known as test tubes of evolution. Isolated and colonized by relatively few species, islands are home to many of nature's most renowned radiations from the finches of the Galápagos to the silverswords of the Hawaiian Islands. Despite the evolutionary exuberance of insular life, island occupation has long been thought to be irreversible. In particular, the presumed much tougher competitive and predatory milieu in continental settings prevents colonization, much less evolutionary diversification, from islands back to mainlands. To test these predictions, we examined the ecological and morphological diversity of neotropical Anolis lizards, which originated in South America, colonized and radiated on various islands in the Caribbean, and then returned and diversified on the mainland. We focus in particular on what happens when mainland and island evolutionary radiations collide. We show that extensive continental radiations can result from island ancestors and that the incumbent and invading mainland clades achieve their ecological and morphological disparity in very different ways. Moreover, we show that when a mainland radiation derived from island ancestors comes into contact with an incumbent mainland radiation the ensuing interactions favor the island-derived clade.
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15
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Baeckens S, Temmerman M, Gorb SN, Neto C, Whiting MJ, Van Damme R. Convergent evolution of skin surface microarchitecture and increased skin hydrophobicity in semi-aquatic anole lizards. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272432. [PMID: 34642763 PMCID: PMC8541734 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Animals that habitually cross the boundary between water and land face specific challenges with respect to locomotion, respiration, insulation, fouling and waterproofing. Many semi-aquatic invertebrates and plants have developed complex surface microstructures with water-repellent properties to overcome these problems, but equivalent adaptations of the skin have not been reported for vertebrates that encounter similar environmental challenges. Here, we document the first evidence of evolutionary convergence of hydrophobic structured skin in a group of semi-aquatic tetrapods. We show that the skin surface of semi-aquatic species of Anolis lizards is characterized by a more elaborate microstructural architecture (i.e. longer spines and spinules) and a lower wettability relative to closely related terrestrial species. In addition, phylogenetic comparative models reveal repeated independent evolution of enhanced skin hydrophobicity associated with the transition to a semi-aquatic lifestyle, providing evidence of adaptation. Our findings invite a new and exciting line of inquiry into the ecological significance, evolutionary origin and developmental basis of hydrophobic skin surfaces in semi-aquatic lizards, which is essential for understanding why and how the observed skin adaptations evolved in some and not other semi-aquatic tetrapod lineages. Summary: Multiple Anolis lineages independently evolved a similar skin surface microarchitecture with water-repellent properties as an adaptation to a semi-aquatic lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Baeckens
- Laboratory for Functional Morphology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.,Laboratory for the Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent,Belgium
| | - Marie Temmerman
- Laboratory for Functional Morphology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute of the Christian Albrecht Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Chiara Neto
- School of Chemistry and Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Martin J Whiting
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Raoul Van Damme
- Laboratory for Functional Morphology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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16
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Stuart YE, Sherwin JW, Kamath A, Veen T. Male and female Anolis carolinensis maintain their dimorphism despite the presence of novel interspecific competition. Evolution 2021; 75:2708-2716. [PMID: 34528711 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Natural selection favors sexual dimorphism that reduces resource competition between the sexes of the same species. However, niche partitioning among interspecific competitors should counter such divergence, as partitioning the niche results in smaller total niche widths for each individual species, leaving less room for the sexes to diverge. A straightforward (and long-standing) hypothesis emerges: species in competitor-rich ecological communities should show less sexual dimorphism than species in competitor-poor ecological communities. Here, we test this prediction using a well-documented natural experiment generated by the recent arrival of Anolis sagrei to a set of small islands in Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, containing Anolis carolinensis. Despite known interspecific habitat partitioning and rapid evolution in habitat-use traits by A. carolinensis in this system, sexual dimorphism between male and female A. carolinensis was not reduced as predicted on two-species islands relative to islands with only A. carolinensis. This is consistent with a small but growing body of empirical tests of the dimorphism-richness hypothesis that have been ambiguous in their support at best. A rethinking of the validity of this intuitive hypothesis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel E Stuart
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60660
| | | | - Ambika Kamath
- Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science & Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Thor Veen
- Quest University, Squamish, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Kahrl AF, Kustra MC, Reedy AM, Bhave RS, Seears HA, Warner DA, Cox RM. Selection on Sperm Count, but Not on Sperm Morphology or Velocity, in a Wild Population of Anolis Lizards. Cells 2021; 10:2369. [PMID: 34572018 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm competition is a widespread phenomenon that shapes male reproductive success. Ejaculates present many potential targets for postcopulatory selection (e.g., sperm morphology, count, and velocity), which are often highly correlated and potentially subject to complex multivariate selection. Although multivariate selection on ejaculate traits has been observed in laboratory experiments, it is unclear whether selection is similarly complex in wild populations, where individuals mate frequently over longer periods of time. We measured univariate and multivariate selection on sperm morphology, sperm count, and sperm velocity in a wild population of brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei). We conducted a mark-recapture study with genetic parentage assignment to estimate individual reproductive success. We found significant negative directional selection and negative quadratic selection on sperm count, but we did not detect directional or quadratic selection on any other sperm traits, nor did we detect correlational selection on any trait combinations. Our results may reflect pressure on males to produce many small ejaculates and mate frequently over a six-month reproductive season. This study is the first to measure multivariate selection on sperm traits in a wild population and provides an interesting contrast to experimental studies of external fertilizers, which have found complex multivariate selection on sperm phenotypes.
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18
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Higgins EA, Boyd DS, Brown TW, Owen SC, Algar AC. Disentangling controls on animal abundance: Prey availability, thermal habitat, and microhabitat structure. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:11414-11424. [PMID: 34429929 PMCID: PMC8366856 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The question of what controls animal abundance has always been fundamental to ecology, but given rapid environmental change, understanding the drivers and mechanisms governing abundance is more important than ever. Here, we determine how multidimensional environments and niches interact to determine population abundance along a tropical habitat gradient. Focusing on the endemic lizard Anolis bicaorum on the island of Utila (Honduras), we evaluate direct and indirect effects of three interacting niche axes on abundance: thermal habitat quality, structural habitat quality, and prey availability. We measured A. bicaorum abundance across a series of thirteen plots and used N-mixture models and path analysis to disentangle direct and indirect effects of these factors. Results showed that thermal habitat quality and prey biomass both had positive direct effects on anole abundance. However, thermal habitat quality also influenced prey biomass, leading to a strong indirect effect on abundance. Thermal habitat quality was primarily a function of canopy density, measured as leaf area index (LAI). Despite having little direct effect on abundance, LAI had a strong overall effect mediated by thermal quality and prey biomass. Our results demonstrate the role of multidimensional environments and niche interactions in determining animal abundance and highlight the need to consider interactions between thermal niches and trophic interactions to understand variation in abundance, rather than focusing solely on changes in the physical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom W. Brown
- School of GeographyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Kanahau Utila Research and Conservation FacilityIsla de Utila, Islas de BahiaHonduras
| | - Sarah C. Owen
- School of GeographyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Adam C. Algar
- Department of BiologyLakehead UniversityThunder BayONCanada
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19
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Wittman TN, Robinson CD, McGlothlin JW, Cox RM. Hormonal pleiotropy structures genetic covariance. Evol Lett 2021; 5:397-407. [PMID: 34367664 PMCID: PMC8327939 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative genetic theory proposes that phenotypic evolution is shaped by G, the matrix of genetic variances and covariances among traits. In species with separate sexes, the evolution of sexual dimorphism is also shaped by B, the matrix of between‐sex genetic variances and covariances. Despite considerable focus on estimating these matrices, their underlying biological mechanisms are largely speculative. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that G and B are structured by hormonal pleiotropy, which occurs when one hormone influences multiple phenotypes. Using juvenile brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) bred in a paternal half‐sibling design, we elevated the steroid hormone testosterone with slow‐release implants while administering empty implants to siblings as a control. We quantified the effects of this manipulation on the genetic architecture of a suite of sexually dimorphic traits, including body size (males are larger than females) and the area, hue, saturation, and brightness of the dewlap (a colorful ornament that is larger in males than in females). Testosterone masculinized females by increasing body size and dewlap area, hue, and saturation, while reducing dewlap brightness. Control females and males differed significantly in G, but treatment of females with testosterone rendered G statistically indistinguishable from males. Whereas B was characterized by low between‐sex genetic correlations when estimated between control females and males, these same correlations increased significantly when estimated between testosterone females and either control or testosterone males. The full G matrix (including B) for testosterone females and either control or testosterone males was significantly less permissive of sexually dimorphic evolution than was G estimated between control females and males, suggesting that natural sex differences in testosterone help decouple genetic variance between the sexes. Our results confirm that hormonal pleiotropy structures genetic covariance, implying that hormones play an important yet overlooked role in mediating evolutionary responses to selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler N Wittman
- Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904
| | | | - Joel W McGlothlin
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia 24061
| | - Robert M Cox
- Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904
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20
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Burress ED, Muñoz MM. Ecological Opportunity from Innovation, not Islands, Drove the Anole Lizard Adaptive Radiation. Syst Biol 2021; 71:93-104. [PMID: 33956152 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Islands are thought to facilitate adaptive radiation by providing release from competition and predation. Anole lizards are considered a classic example of this phenomenon: different ecological specialists ('ecomorphs') evolved in the Caribbean Greater Antilles (Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico), resulting in convergent assemblages that are not observed in mainland Latin America. Yet, the role of islands in facilitating adaptive radiation is more often implied than directly tested, leaving uncertain the role of biogeography in stimulating diversification. Here, we assess the proposed "island effect" on anole diversification using Bayesian phylogenetic comparative methods that explicitly incorporate rate heterogeneity across the tree and demonstrate two cases of would-be false positives. We discovered that rates of speciation and morphological evolution of island and mainland anoles are equivalent, implying that islands provide no special context for exceptionally rapid diversification. Likewise, rates of evolution were equivalent between island anoles that arose via in situ versus dispersal-based mechanisms, and we found no evidence for island-specific rates of speciation or morphological evolution. Nonetheless, the origin of Anolis is characterized by a speciation pulse that slowed over time - a classic signature of waning ecological opportunity. Our findings cast doubt on the notion that islands catalyzed the anole adaptive radiation and instead point to a key innovation, adhesive toe pads, which facilitated the exploitation of many arboreal niches sparsely utilized by other iguanian lizards. The selective pressures responsible for arboreal niche diversification differ between islands and the mainland, but the tempo of diversification driven by these discordant processes is indistinguishable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Burress
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Martha M Muñoz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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21
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Prates I, D'Angiolella AB, Rodrigues MT, Melo-Sampaio PR, de Queiroz K, Bell RC. Evolutionary drivers of sexual signal variation in Amazon Slender Anoles. Evolution 2021; 75:1361-1376. [PMID: 33860933 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic variation among populations, as seen in the signaling traits of many species, provides an opportunity to test whether similar factors generate repeated phenotypic patterns in different parts of a species' range. We investigated whether genetic divergence, abiotic gradients, and sympatry with closely related species explain variation in the dewlap colors of Amazon Slender Anoles, Anolis fuscoauratus. To this aim, we characterized dewlap diversity in the field with respect to population genetic structure and evolutionary relationships, assessed whether dewlap phenotypes are associated with climate or landscape variables, and tested for nonrandom associations in the distributions of A. fuscoauratus phenotypes and sympatric Anolis species. We found that dewlap colors vary among but not within sites in A. fuscoauratus. Regional genetic clusters included multiple phenotypes, while populations with similar dewlaps were often distantly related. Phenotypes did not segregate in environmental space, providing no support for optimized signal transmission at a local scale. Instead, we found a negative association between certain phenotypes and sympatric Anolis species with similar dewlap color attributes, suggesting that interactions with closely related species promoted dewlap divergence among A. fuscoauratus populations. Amazon Slender Anoles emerge as a promising system to address questions about parallel trait evolution and the contribution of signaling traits to speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Prates
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, 20560.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | | | - Miguel T Rodrigues
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Melo-Sampaio
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kevin de Queiroz
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, 20560
| | - Rayna C Bell
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, 20560.,Herpetology Department, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, 94118
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22
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Corbett-Detig RB, Russell SL, Nielsen R, Losos J. Phenotypic Convergence Is Not Mirrored at the Protein Level in a Lizard Adaptive Radiation. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:1604-1614. [PMID: 32027369 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many compelling examples of molecular convergence at individual genes. However, the prevalence and the relative importance of adaptive genome-wide convergence remain largely unknown. Many recent works have reported striking examples of excess genome-wide convergence, but some of these studies have been called into question because of the use of inappropriate null models. Here, we sequenced and compared the genomes of 12 species of anole lizards that have independently converged on suites of adaptive behavioral and morphological traits. Despite extensive searches for a genome-wide signature of molecular convergence, we found no evidence supporting molecular convergence at specific amino acids either at individual genes or at genome-wide comparisons; we also uncovered no evidence supporting an excess of adaptive convergence in the rates of amino acid substitutions within genes. Our findings indicate that comprehensive phenotypic convergence is not mirrored at genome-wide protein-coding levels in anoles, and therefore, that adaptive phenotypic convergence is likely not constrained by the evolution of many specific protein sequences or structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell B Corbett-Detig
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.,Department of Biomolecular Engineering and Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Shelbi L Russell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.,Centre for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Losos
- Department of Biology and Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
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23
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Rovatsos M, Kratochvíl L. Evolution of dosage compensation does not depend on genomic background. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1836-1845. [PMID: 33606326 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Organisms have evolved various mechanisms to cope with the differences in the gene copy numbers between sexes caused by degeneration of Y and W sex chromosomes. Complete dosage compensation or at least expression balance between sexes has been reported predominantly in XX/XY systems, but rarely in ZZ/ZW systems. However, this often-reported pattern is based on comparisons of lineages where sex chromosomes evolved from nonhomologous genomic regions, potentially differing in sensitivity to differences in gene copy numbers. Here we document that two reptilian lineages (XX/XY iguanas and ZZ/ZW softshell turtles), which independently co-opted the same ancestral genomic region for the function of sex chromosomes, evolved different gene dose regulatory mechanisms. The independent co-option of the same genomic region for the role of sex chromosomes as in the iguanas and the softshell turtles offers great opportunity for testing evolutionary scenarios on sex chromosome evolution under the explicit control of the genomic background and gene identity. We show that the parallel loss of functional genes from the Y chromosome of the green anole and the W chromosome of the Florida softshell turtle led to different dosage compensation mechanisms. Our approach controlling for genetic background thus does not support that the variability in the regulation of gene dose differences is a consequence of ancestral autosomal gene content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Rovatsos
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kratochvíl
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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24
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Kanamori S, Cádiz A, Díaz LM, Ishii Y, Nakayama T, Kawata M. Detection of genes positively selected in Cuban Anolis lizards that naturally inhabit hot and open areas and currently thrive in urban areas. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:1719-1728. [PMID: 33613999 PMCID: PMC7882966 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of Anolis lizards of the West Indies that naturally inhabit hot and open areas also tend to thrive in urban areas. In this study, transcriptome was sequenced for nine species of Cuban Anolis lizards that are closely related to each other, but inhabit different thermal microhabitats. Using PAML and HyPhy software, we attempted to identify genes and amino acid sites under positive selection in the common ancestral branch of A. porcatus and A. allisoni, and the branch of A. sagrei, which inhabit hot and open areas, and thrive in urban areas. Although there were no genes where positive selection was commonly detected on both of the tested branches, positive selection was detected in genes involved in the stress response (e.g., DNA damage and oxidative stress) and cardiac function, which could be related to adaptive evolution of tolerance to heat or ultraviolet radiation, on both branches. These findings suggest that adaptive evolution of the response to stress caused by heat or ultraviolet radiation might have occurred in ancestors of Anolis species inhabiting hot and open areas and might be related to the current thriving in urban areas of them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Cádiz
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesUSA
| | - Luis M. Díaz
- National Museum of Natural History of CubaHavanaCuba
| | - Yuu Ishii
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Takuro Nakayama
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Masakado Kawata
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
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25
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Logan ML, Neel LK, Nicholson DJ, Stokes AJ, Miller CL, Chung AK, Curlis JD, Keegan KM, Rosso AA, Maayan I, Folfas E, Williams CE, Casement B, Gallegos Koyner MA, Padilla Perez DJ, Falvey CH, Alexander SM, Charles KL, Graham ZA, McMillan WO, Losos JB, Cox CL. Sex-specific microhabitat use is associated with sex-biased thermal physiology in Anolis lizards. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb235697. [PMID: 33328289 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.235697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
If fitness optima for a given trait differ between males and females in a population, sexual dimorphism may evolve. Sex-biased trait variation may affect patterns of habitat use, and if the microhabitats used by each sex have dissimilar microclimates, this can drive sex-specific selection on thermal physiology. Nevertheless, tests of differences between the sexes in thermal physiology are uncommon, and studies linking these differences to microhabitat use or behavior are even rarer. We examined microhabitat use and thermal physiology in two ectothermic congeners that are ecologically similar but differ in their degree of sexual size dimorphism. Brown anoles (Anolis sagrei) exhibit male-biased sexual size dimorphism and live in thermally heterogeneous habitats, whereas slender anoles (Anolis apletophallus) are sexually monomorphic in body size and live in thermally homogeneous habitats. We hypothesized that differences in habitat use between the sexes would drive sexual divergence in thermal physiology in brown anoles, but not slender anoles, because male and female brown anoles may be exposed to divergent microclimates. We found that male and female brown anoles, but not slender anoles, used perches with different thermal characteristics and were sexually dimorphic in thermal tolerance traits. However, field-active body temperatures and behavior in a laboratory thermal arena did not differ between females and males in either species. Our results suggest that sexual dimorphism in thermal physiology can arise from phenotypic plasticity or sex-specific selection on traits that are linked to thermal tolerance, rather than from direct effects of thermal environments experienced by males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Logan
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá City, Panamá
| | - Lauren K Neel
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Daniel J Nicholson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Andrew J Stokes
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Illinois Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703, USA
| | - Christina L Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Albert K Chung
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - John David Curlis
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Keegan
- Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Adam A Rosso
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - Inbar Maayan
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Edite Folfas
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - Claire E Williams
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brianna Casement
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Heidelberg University, Tiffin, OH 44883, USA
| | - Maria A Gallegos Koyner
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | | | - Cleo H Falvey
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Sean M Alexander
- Departement of Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08901, USA
| | | | - Zackary A Graham
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - W Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá City, Panamá
| | - Jonathan B Losos
- Department of Biology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Christian L Cox
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for the Environment, Florida International University, FL 33199, USA
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26
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Iannucci A, Makunin AI, Lisachov AP, Ciofi C, Stanyon R, Svartman M, Trifonov VA. Bridging the Gap between Vertebrate Cytogenetics and Genomics with Single-Chromosome Sequencing (ChromSeq). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:124. [PMID: 33478118 PMCID: PMC7835784 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of vertebrate genome evolution is currently facing a revolution, brought about by next generation sequencing technologies that allow researchers to produce nearly complete and error-free genome assemblies. Novel approaches however do not always provide a direct link with information on vertebrate genome evolution gained from cytogenetic approaches. It is useful to preserve and link cytogenetic data with novel genomic discoveries. Sequencing of DNA from single isolated chromosomes (ChromSeq) is an elegant approach to determine the chromosome content and assign genome assemblies to chromosomes, thus bridging the gap between cytogenetics and genomics. The aim of this paper is to describe how ChromSeq can support the study of vertebrate genome evolution and how it can help link cytogenetic and genomic data. We show key examples of ChromSeq application in the refinement of vertebrate genome assemblies and in the study of vertebrate chromosome and karyotype evolution. We also provide a general overview of the approach and a concrete example of genome refinement using this method in the species Anolis carolinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Iannucci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Alexey I. Makunin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK;
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Artem P. Lisachov
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), University of Tyumen, 625003 Tyumen, Russia;
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Claudio Ciofi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Roscoe Stanyon
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Marta Svartman
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
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27
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Reyes‐Olivares C, Guajardo‐Santibáñez A, Segura B, Zañartu N, Penna M, Labra A. Lizard predation by spiders: A review from the Neotropical and Andean regions. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10953-10964. [PMID: 33144940 PMCID: PMC7593146 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate predation by invertebrates has been classically underexplored and thus underestimated, despite the fact that many arthropods consume vertebrates. To shed some light on the relevance that spider predation may have upon lizards in the Neotropical and Andean regions, we compiled the available information in the literature on this trophic interaction. We found 50 reports of spiders consuming lizards in these regions, and the 88% of these were from the Neotropical region. Spiders belong to eight families, but Ctenidae and Theraphosidae were the most frequently reported predators. Lizards belong to 12 families, and the most commonly consumed species corresponded to the families Dactyloidae (all Anolis lizards), Gymnophthalmidae, and Sphaerodactylidae. Data suggest trophic spider-lizard associations between Ctenidae and Dactyloidae, followed by Theraphosidae and Liolaemidae. The body sizes of the spiders and lizards showed a positive relationship, and spiders were smaller than their prey. We conclude that various spider taxa can be considered lizard predators and they may be ecologically important in the Neotropical and Andean regions. However, spiders of prime predation relevance seem to be those of the Ctenidae and Theraphosidae families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Reyes‐Olivares
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, con mención en Ecología y Biología EvolutivaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Laboratorio de NeuroetologíaInstituto de Ciencias BiomédicasFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | | | | | - Nicolás Zañartu
- Programa de AgronomíaFacultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería ForestalPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Mario Penna
- Laboratorio de NeuroetologíaInstituto de Ciencias BiomédicasFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Antonieta Labra
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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28
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Beatty AE, Schwartz TS. Gene expression of the IGF hormones and IGF binding proteins across time and tissues in a model reptile. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:423-434. [PMID: 32776803 PMCID: PMC7509249 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00059.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin and insulin-like signaling (IIS) network regulates cellular processes including pre- and postnatal growth, cellular development, wound healing, reproduction, and longevity. Despite their importance in the physiology of vertebrates, the study of the specific functions of the top regulators of the IIS network, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), has been mostly limited to a few model organisms. To expand our understanding of this network, we performed quantitative gene expression of IGF hormones in liver and qualitative expression of IGFBPs across tissues and developmental stages in a model reptile, the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei). We found that lizards express IGF2 across all life stages (preoviposition embryos to adulthood) and at a higher level than IGF1, which is opposite to patterns seen in laboratory rodents but similar to those seen in humans and other vertebrate models. IGFBP expression was ubiquitous across tissues (brain, gonad, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, tail, and regenerating tail) in adults, apart from IGFBP5, which was variable. These findings provide an essential foundation for further developing the anole lizard as a physiological and biomedical reptile model, as well as expanding our understanding of the function of the IIS network across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby E Beatty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Tonia S Schwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
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29
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Rasys AM, Park S, Ball RE, Alcala AJ, Lauderdale JD, Menke DB. CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing in Lizards through Microinjection of Unfertilized Oocytes. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2288-2292.e3. [PMID: 31461646 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing has enabled the direct manipulation of gene function in many species. However, the reproductive biology of reptiles presents unique barriers for the use of this technology, and there are no reptiles with effective methods for targeted mutagenesis. Here, we demonstrate that the microinjection of immature oocytes within the ovaries of Anolis sagrei females enables the production of CRISPR-Cas9-induced mutations. This method is capable of producing F0 embryos and hatchlings with monoallelic or biallelic mutations. We demonstrate that these mutations can be transmitted through the germline to establish genetically modified strains of lizards. Direct tests of gene function can now be performed in Anolis lizards, an important model for studies of reptile evolution and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Rasys
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sungdae Park
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rebecca E Ball
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Aaron J Alcala
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - James D Lauderdale
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Neuroscience Division of the Biomedical Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Douglas B Menke
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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30
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Cox CL, Alexander S, Casement B, Chung AK, Curlis JD, Degon Z, Dubois M, Falvey C, Graham ZA, Folfas E, Gallegos Koyner MA, Neel LK, Nicholson DJ, Perez DJP, Ortiz-Ross X, Rosso AA, Taylor Q, Thurman TJ, Williams CE, McMillan WO, Logan ML. Ectoparasite extinction in simplified lizard assemblages during experimental island invasion. Biol Lett 2020; 16:20200474. [PMID: 32750271 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduced species can become invasive, damaging ecosystems and disrupting economies through explosive population growth. One mechanism underlying population expansion in invasive populations is 'enemy release', whereby the invader experiences relaxation of agonistic interactions with other species, including parasites. However, direct observational evidence of release from parasitism during invasion is rare. We mimicked the early stages of invasion by experimentally translocating populations of mite-parasitized slender anole lizards (Anolis apletophallus) to islands that varied in the number of native anoles. Two islands were anole-free prior to the introduction, whereas a third island had a resident population of Gaige's anole (Anolis gaigei). We then characterized changes in trombiculid mite parasitism over multiple generations post-introduction. We found that mites rapidly went extinct on one-species islands, but that lizards introduced to the two-species island retained mites. After three generations, the two-species island had the highest total density and biomass of lizards, but the lowest density of the introduced species, implying that the 'invasion' had been less successful. This field-transplant study suggests that native species can be 'enemy reservoirs' that facilitate co-colonization of ectoparasites with the invasive host. Broadly, these results indicate that the presence of intact and diverse native communities may help to curb invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian L Cox
- Institute for the Environment, Florida International University Miami, FL 33199, USA.,Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - Sean Alexander
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Brianna Casement
- Department of Biology, Heidelberg University, Tiffin, OH 44883, USA
| | - Albert K Chung
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - John David Curlis
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA.,Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zachariah Degon
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - Madeline Dubois
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cleo Falvey
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zackary A Graham
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Edita Folfas
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | | | - Lauren K Neel
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | | | | | - Xochitl Ortiz-Ross
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Biology, College of the Atlantic, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Adam A Rosso
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - Quinn Taylor
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - Timothy J Thurman
- Department of Wildlife Biology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa Ancón, 0843-03092 Panama, Republic of Panama.,Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 0G4
| | | | - W Owen McMillan
- Institute for the Environment, Florida International University Miami, FL 33199, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa Ancón, 0843-03092 Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Michael L Logan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa Ancón, 0843-03092 Panama, Republic of Panama.,Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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31
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Campos SM, Rojas V, Wilczynski W. Arginine vasotocin impacts chemosensory behavior during social interactions of Anolis carolinensis lizards. Horm Behav 2020; 124:104772. [PMID: 32439348 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In reptiles, arginine vasotocin (AVT) impacts the performance of and response to visual social signals, but whether AVT also operates within the chemosensory system as arginine vasopressin (AVP) does in mammals is unknown, despite social odors being potent modifiers of competitive and appetitive behavior in reptiles. Here, we ask whether elevated levels of exogenous AVT impact rates of chemical display behavior (e.g. tongue flicks) in adult males, and whether conspecific males or females can chemically discriminate between competitor males based on differing levels of exogenous AVT in green anoles (Anolis carolinensis). We injected wild-caught green anole males with either AVT (AVT-Males) or a vehicle control (CON-Males) solution, then presented treated males with a conspecific stimulus (Intruder-Male or Intruder-Female) and filmed 30-minute interactions. We found that AVT-Males were faster than CON-Males to perform a tongue flick to conspecifics, and faster to chemically display toward Intruder-Females, suggesting AVT increased male interest in available chemical information during social encounters. Intruders performed more lip smack behavior when interacting with AVT-Males than with CON-Males, and Intruder-Males performed more tongue flick behavior when interacting with AVT-Males than with CON-Males, suggesting anoles can discriminate between conspecifics based on exogenous AVT levels. We also found a reduction in Intruder movement behavior when Intruders were paired with AVT-Males. This study provides empirical support for AVT-mediated chemosensory behavior in reptilian social interactions, in a microsmatic lizard species, suggesting the mechanism by which mammalian AVP and non-mammalian AVT mediate chemosensory behavior during social interactions may be evolutionarily conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Campos
- Georgia State University, Neuroscience Institute and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Valentina Rojas
- Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile; Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Walter Wilczynski
- Georgia State University, Neuroscience Institute and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA, USA
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32
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Méndez-Galeano MA, Paternina-Cruz RF, Calderón-Espinosa ML. The highest kingdom of Anolis: Thermal biology of the Andean lizard Anolis heterodermus (Squamata: Dactyloidae) over an elevational gradient in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. J Therm Biol 2020; 89:102498. [PMID: 32364973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate ectotherms may deal with changes of environmental temperatures by behavioral and/or physiological mechanisms. Reptiles inhabiting tropical highlands face extreme fluctuating daily temperatures, and extreme values and intervals of fluctuations vary with altitude. Anolis heterodermus occurs between 1800 m to 3750 m elevation in the tropical Andes, and is the Anolis species found at the highest altitude known. We evaluated which strategies populations from elevations of 2200 m, 2650 m and 3400 m use to cope with environmental temperatures. We measured body, preferred, critical maximum and minimum temperatures, and sprint speed at different body temperatures of individuals, as well as operative temperatures. Anolis heterodermus exhibits behavioral adjustments in response to changes in environmental temperatures across altitudes. Likewise, physiological traits exhibit intrapopulation variations, but they are similar among populations, tended to the "static" side of the evolution of thermal traits spectrum. The thermoregulatory behavioral strategy in this species is extremely plastic, and lizards adjust even to fluctuating environmental conditions from day to day. Unlike other Anolis species, at low thermal quality of the habitat, lizards are thermoconformers, particularly at the highest altitudes, where cloudy days can intensify this strategy even more. Our study reveals that the pattern of strategies for dealing with thermal ambient variations and their relation to extinction risks in the tropics that are caused by global warming is perhaps more complex for lizards than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Méndez-Galeano
- Grupo de Morfología y Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
| | - R Felipe Paternina-Cruz
- Grupo de Morfología y Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Martha L Calderón-Espinosa
- Grupo de Morfología y Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
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33
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Donihue CM, Kowaleski AM, Losos JB, Algar AC, Baeckens S, Buchkowski RW, Fabre AC, Frank HK, Geneva AJ, Reynolds RG, Stroud JT, Velasco JA, Kolbe JJ, Mahler DL, Herrel A. Hurricane effects on Neotropical lizards span geographic and phylogenetic scales. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10429-34. [PMID: 32341144 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000801117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme climate events such as droughts, cold snaps, and hurricanes can be powerful agents of natural selection, producing acute selective pressures very different from the everyday pressures acting on organisms. However, it remains unknown whether these infrequent but severe disruptions are quickly erased by quotidian selective forces, or whether they have the potential to durably shape biodiversity patterns across regions and clades. Here, we show that hurricanes have enduring evolutionary impacts on the morphology of anoles, a diverse Neotropical lizard clade. We first demonstrate a transgenerational effect of extreme selection on toepad area for two populations struck by hurricanes in 2017. Given this short-term effect of hurricanes, we then asked whether populations and species that more frequently experienced hurricanes have larger toepads. Using 70 y of historical hurricane data, we demonstrate that, indeed, toepad area positively correlates with hurricane activity for both 12 island populations of Anolis sagrei and 188 Anolis species throughout the Neotropics. Extreme climate events are intensifying due to climate change and may represent overlooked drivers of biogeographic and large-scale biodiversity patterns.
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34
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Gray LN, Barley AJ, Hillis DM, Pavón‐Vázquez CJ, Poe S, White BA. Does breeding season variation affect evolution of a sexual signaling trait in a tropical lizard clade? Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3738-3746. [PMID: 32313632 PMCID: PMC7160170 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually selected traits can be expected to increase in importance when the period of sexual behavior is constrained, such as in seasonally restricted breeders. Anolis lizard male dewlaps are classic examples of multifaceted signaling traits, with demonstrated intraspecific reproductive function reflected in courtship behavior. Fitch and Hillis found a correlation between dewlap size and seasonality in mainland Anolis using traditional statistical methods and suggested that seasonally restricted breeding seasons enhanced the differentiation of this signaling trait. Here, we present two tests of the Fitch-Hillis Hypothesis using new phylogenetic and morphological data sets for 44 species of Mexican Anolis. A significant relationship between dewlap size and seasonality is evident in phylogenetically uncorrected analyses but erodes once phylogeny is accounted for. This loss of strong statistical support for a relationship between a key aspect of dewlap morphology and seasonality also occurs within a species complex (A. sericeus group) that inhabits seasonal and aseasonal environments. Our results fail to support seasonality as a strong driver of evolution of Anolis dewlap size. We discuss the implications of our results and the difficulty of disentangling the strength of single mechanisms on trait evolution when multiple selection pressures are likely at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi N. Gray
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | | | - David M. Hillis
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of TexasAustinTXUSA
| | | | - Steven Poe
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUSA
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35
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Winchell KM, Schliep KP, Mahler DL, Revell LJ. Phylogenetic signal and evolutionary correlates of urban tolerance in a widespread neotropical lizard clade. Evolution 2020; 74:1274-1288. [PMID: 32129470 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization is intensifying worldwide, and while some species tolerate and even exploit urban environments, many others are excluded entirely from this new habitat. Understanding the factors that underlie tolerance of urbanization is thus of rapidly growing importance. Here, we examine urban tolerance across a diverse group of lizards: Caribbean members of the neotropical genus Anolis. Our analyses reveal that urban tolerance has strong phylogenetic signal, suggesting that closely related species tend to respond similarly to urban environments. We propose that this characteristic of urban tolerance in anoles may be used to forecast the possible responses of species to increasing urbanization. In addition, we identified several key ecological and morphological traits that tend to be associated with tolerance in Anolis. Specifically, species experiencing hot and dry conditions in their natural environment and those that maintain higher body temperatures tend to have greater tolerance of urban habitats. We also found that tolerance of urbanization is positively associated with toepad lamella number and negatively associated with ventral scale density and relative hindlimb length. The identification of factors that predispose a species to be more or less urban tolerant can provide a starting point for conservation and sustainable development in our increasingly urbanized world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Winchell
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130
| | - Klaus P Schliep
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, 02125.,Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - D Luke Mahler
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Liam J Revell
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, 02125.,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Cátolica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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36
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Lin JW, Chen YR, Li TW, Shaner PJL, Lin SM. Long-term monitoring reveals invariant clutch size and unequal reproductive costs between sexes in a subtropical lacertid lizard. Zoological Lett 2020; 6:1. [PMID: 31921441 PMCID: PMC6945589 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-019-0152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Based on 20,000 records representing c. 11,000 individuals from an 8-year capture-mark-recapture (CMR) study, we tested and confirmed a new case of invariant clutch size (ICS) in a sexually dichromatic lacertid lizard, Takydromus viridipunctatus. In the grassland habitat of the early succession stage, females showed strictly low and invariant clutch size, multiple clutches in a breeding season, high reproductive potential, and annual breeding cycles that correspond to the emergence of male courtship coloration. The hatchlings mature quickly, and join the adult cohort for breeding within a few months, whereas adults show low survival rates and a short lifespan, such that most die within one year. Mortality increased in both sexes during the breeding season, especially in females, indicating an unequal cost of reproduction in survival. These life history characters may be explained by two non-exclusive hypotheses of ICS-arboreal hypothesis and predation hypothesis-within the ecological context of their habitat. Our study highlights a confirmed case of ICS, which adapts well to this r-selected grassland habitat that experiences seasonal fluctuation and frequent disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhan-Wei Lin
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Tingzhou Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, No. 1, Guanqian Rd., Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Rong Chen
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Tingzhou Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Wen Li
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Tingzhou Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen L. Shaner
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Tingzhou Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Si-Min Lin
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Tingzhou Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
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37
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Lailvaux SP, Cespedes AM, Weber WD, Husak JF. Sprint speed is unaffected by dietary manipulation in trained male Anolis carolinensis lizards. J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol 2019; 333:164-170. [PMID: 31867872 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Performance traits are energetically costly, and their expression and use can drive trade-offs with other energetically costly life-history traits. However, different performance traits incur distinct costs and may be sensitive to both resource limitation and to the types of resources that are accrued. Protein is likely to be especially important for supporting burst performance traits such as sprint speed, but the effect of varying diet composition on sprint training in lizards, an emerging model system for exercise training, is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the response to sprint training is sensitive to both the type and amount of resources in Anolis carolinensis. We also measured bite force across all treatments as a control whole-organism performance trait that should be unaffected by locomotor training. Both mass and bite force are reduced by dietary restriction over the course of 9 weeks of sprint training, but sprint speed is unaffected by either training or dietary restriction relative to controls. Furthermore, protein supplementation does not rescue a decline in either mass or bite force in trained, diet-restricted males. These results contrast with those for endurance training, and suggest that sprint speed is more canalized than either endurance or bite force in green anoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Lailvaux
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ann M Cespedes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - William D Weber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jerry F Husak
- Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota
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Reeves LE, Hoyer I, Acevedo C, Burkett-Cadena ND. Host Associations of Culex ( Melanoconion) atratus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex ( Melanoconion) pilosus from Florida, USA. Insects 2019; 10:insects10080239. [PMID: 31382597 PMCID: PMC6723997 DOI: 10.3390/insects10080239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing the host-use patterns of mosquitoes is an essential component of understanding the transmission dynamics of mosquito-vectored pathogens. The host associations of two species of the medically important Culex subgenus Melanoconion, Culex atratus, and Culex pilosus are unknown or unclear, respectively. Both species have wide neotropical distributions. In the United States of America (USA), Culex pilosus occurs throughout the southeastern coastal plain, while Culex atratus is restricted to the southern Florida Peninsula. Using PCR-based blood meal analysis, we investigated the host associations of Culex atratus and Culex pilosus that were collected from Everglades National Park, Florida, USA We identified the host species of 208 Culex atratus and 168 Culex pilosus. Both species were narrowly associated with reptilian host species, particularly native and non-native lizards of the genus Anolis. Sampled Culex atratus exclusively fed on reptilian hosts, with >99% of blood meals derived from Anolis lizards. Culex pilosus fed predominantly from reptiles, but avian and mammalian blood meals were also detected. Of these, 92% of blood meals were derived from Anolis species. For both species, Anolis sagrei, an invasive exotic lizard in Florida, was the most frequently detected host species. These data indicate that Culex atratus and Culex pilosus are specialists of reptilian hosts, particularly Anolis lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence E Reeves
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 200 9th St. SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA.
| | - Isaiah Hoyer
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 200 9th St. SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
| | - Carolina Acevedo
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 200 9th St. SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
| | - Nathan D Burkett-Cadena
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 200 9th St. SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
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39
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Abstract
Anolis lizards have served as important research models in fields ranging from evolution and ecology to physiology and biomechanics. However, anoles are also emerging as important models for studies of embryo development and tissue regeneration. The increased use of anoles in the laboratory has produced a need to establish effective methods of anesthesia, both for routine veterinary procedures and for research procedures. Therefore, we tested the efficacy of different anesthetic treatments in adult female Anolis sagrei. Alfaxalone, dexmedetomidine, hydromorphone, ketamine and tribromoethanol were administered subcutaneously (SC), either alone or combined at varying doses in a total of 64 female anoles. Drug induction time, duration, anesthesia level and adverse effects were assessed. Differences in anesthesia level were observed depending on injection site and drug combination. Alfaxalone/dexmedetomidine and tribromoethanol/dexmedetomidine were the most effective drug combinations for inducing a surgical plane of anesthesia in anoles. Brown anoles injected SC with alfaxalone (30 mg/kg) plus dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) or with tribromoethanol (400 mg/kg) plus dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) experienced mean durations of surgical anesthesia levels of 31.2 ± 5.3 and 87.5 ± 19.8 min with full recovery after another 10.9 ± 2.9 and 46.2 ± 41.8 min, respectively. Hydromorphone given with alfaxalone/dexmedetomidine resulted in deep anesthesia with respiratory depression, while ketamine/hydromorphone/dexmedetomidine produced only light to moderate sedation. We determined that alfaxalone/dexmedetomidine or tribromoethanol/dexmedetomidine combinations were sufficient to maintain a lizard under general anesthesia for coeliotomy. This study represents a significant step towards understanding the effects of anesthetic agents in anole lizards and will benefit both veterinary care and research on these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Rasys
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Stephen J Divers
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Douglas B Menke
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Salazar JC, del Rosario Castañeda M, Londoño GA, Bodensteiner BL, Muñoz MM. Physiological evolution during adaptive radiation: A test of the island effect in Anolis lizards. Evolution 2019; 73:1241-1252. [PMID: 30989637 PMCID: PMC6593988 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic evolution is often exceptionally rapid on islands, resulting in numerous, ecologically diverse species. Although adaptive radiation proceeds along various phenotypic axes, the island effect of faster evolution has been mostly tested with regard to morphology. Here, we leveraged the physiological diversity and species richness of Anolis lizards to examine the evolutionary dynamics of three key traits: heat tolerance, body temperature, and cold tolerance. Contrary to expectation, we discovered slower heat tolerance evolution on islands. Additionally, island species evolve toward higher optimal body temperatures than mainland species. Higher optima and slower evolution in upper physiological limits are consistent with the Bogert effect, or evolutionary inertia due to thermoregulation. Correspondingly, body temperature is higher and more stable on islands than on the American mainland, despite similarity in thermal environments. Greater thermoregulation on islands may occur due to ecological release from competitors and predators compared to mainland environments. By reducing the costs of thermoregulation, ecological opportunity on islands may actually stymie, rather than hasten, physiological evolution. Our results emphasize that physiological diversity is an important axis of ecological differentiation in the adaptive radiation of anoles, and that behavior can impart distinct macroevolutionary footprints on physiological diversity on islands and continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhan C. Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasDepartamento de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad IcesiCaliValle del CaucaColombia
- Department of Biological SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginia24061
| | - María del Rosario Castañeda
- Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasDepartamento de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad del ValleCaliValle del CaucaColombia
| | - Gustavo A. Londoño
- Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasDepartamento de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad IcesiCaliValle del CaucaColombia
| | | | - Martha M. Muñoz
- Department of Biological SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginia24061
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Velasco JA, Poe S, González-Salazar C, Flores-Villela O. Solitary ecology as a phenomenon extending beyond insular systems: exaptive evolution in Anolis lizards. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20190056. [PMID: 31113308 PMCID: PMC6548730 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms driving phenotypic evolution have been of interest to biologists since Darwin. Ecological release-wherein adaptive evolution occurs following relaxation of constraining selective pressures-and environmental filtering-wherein exaptive traits allow colonization of a new area-have been studied in several insular cases. Anolis lizards, which may exist in solitude or sympatry with multiple congeners, are an excellent system for evaluating whether ecological release and environmental filtering are associated with phenotypic shifts across phylogenetic and geographical scales. Insular solitary Anolis exhibit phenotypic differentiation in body size and sexual size dimorphism-SSD-through exaptive and adaptive evolution, respectively. But, the generality of these effects has not yet been addressed. Here, we analyse the evolution of body size and SSD relative to sympatry in mainland Anolis. We found that mainland species co-occurring with few congeners exhibit uniform body size and greater SSD relative to other random mainland assemblages, consistent with the insular solitary pattern. The locations of evolutionary shifts for both traits do not coincide with evolutionary transitions to decreased levels of sympatry. These results are consistent with exaptive environmental filtering but not adaptive ecological release. Future studies should be conducted at local scales to evaluate the role of these factors in the evolution of solitary existence in mainland and island species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián A. Velasco
- Museo de Zoología ‘Alfonso L. Herrera’, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Steven Poe
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Constantino González-Salazar
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad C3, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, CBS Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Lerma, Estado de México 52006, Mexico
| | - Oscar Flores-Villela
- Museo de Zoología ‘Alfonso L. Herrera’, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Stroud JT, Giery ST, Outerbridge M, Feeley KJ. Ecological character displacement alters the outcome of priority effects during community assembly. Ecology 2019; 100:e02727. [PMID: 30985910 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Character displacement may facilitate species coexistence through niche partitioning. However, the degree to which character displacement influences broader patterns of community assembly is unclear. Here, we capitalize on a natural experiment of community assembly on the oceanic island of Bermuda. Over the past century, three species of ecologically similar but distantly related Anolis lizards have been introduced to Bermuda where no Anolis has ever naturally existed. The Jamaican anole (A. grahami) arrived first in 1905 and dispersed rapidly across the island. Five decades later, the Antiguan anole (A. leachii) and the Barbadian anole (A. extremus) were introduced to independent locations. In 1991, A. leachii and A. extremus were observed to nearly meet at a contact zone, but not yet to coexist. We record that subsequent range expansion at this contact zone has been asymmetrical; A. leachii invaded the range of A. extremus, but reciprocal invasion by A. extremus has not occurred. When in allopatry in Bermuda, both species occupy identical ecological space. However, A. leachii underwent rapid ecological character displacement to use arboreal habitat when invading the range of A. extremus. These findings highlight how character displacement may influence the process of dispersal and drive patterns of coexistence and community assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Stroud
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA.,Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - S T Giery
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 215 Glenbrook Road, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-4098, USA
| | - M Outerbridge
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Bermuda Government, 169 South Road, Paget, DV04, Bermuda
| | - K J Feeley
- Department of Biology, 215 Cox Science Center, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Miami, Florida, 33146, USA
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Logan ML, Curlis JD, Gilbert AL, Miles DB, Chung AK, McGlothlin JW, Cox RM. Thermal physiology and thermoregulatory behaviour exhibit low heritability despite genetic divergence between lizard populations. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2018.0697. [PMID: 29743257 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectothermic species are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature and may adapt to changes in thermal environments through evolutionary shifts in thermal physiology or thermoregulatory behaviour. Nevertheless, the heritability of thermal traits, which sets a limit on evolutionary potential, remains largely unexplored. In this study, we captured brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) from two populations that occur in contrasting thermal environments. We raised offspring from these populations in a laboratory common garden and compared the shape of their thermal performance curves to test for genetic divergence in thermal physiology. Thermal performance curves differed between populations in a common garden in ways partially consistent with divergent patterns of natural selection experienced by the source populations, implying that they had evolved in response to selection. Next, we estimated the heritability of thermal performance curves and of several traits related to thermoregulatory behaviour. We did not detect significant heritability in most components of the thermal performance curve or in several aspects of thermoregulatory behaviour, suggesting that contemporary selection is unlikely to result in rapid evolution. Our results indicate that the response to selection may be slow in the brown anole and that evolutionary change is unlikely to keep pace with current rates of environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Logan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - John David Curlis
- Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA.,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Albert K Chung
- Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA.,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Robert M Cox
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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44
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Hofmann EP, Nicholson KE, Luque-Montes IR, Köhler G, Cerrato-Mendoza CA, Medina-Flores M, Wilson LD, Townsend JH. Cryptic Diversity, but to What Extent? Discordance Between Single-Locus Species Delimitation Methods Within Mainland Anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) of Northern Central America. Front Genet 2019; 10:11. [PMID: 30804976 PMCID: PMC6378269 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-locus molecular barcoding is a useful method for identifying overlooked and undescribed biodiversity, providing the groundwork for further systematic study and taxonomic investigation. A variety of methods for delimiting species from barcoding libraries have been developed and applied, allowing for rapid estimates of species diversity in a broad range of taxa. However, tree-based and distance-based analyses can infer different group assignments, potentially over- or underestimating the number of putative species groups. Here, we explore diversity of mainland species of anole lizards from the Chortís Block biogeographical province of northern Central America using a DNA barcoding approach, generating and analyzing cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences for over 400 samples assignable to 33 of 38 (86.8%) native and one introduced mainland species. We subsequently tested the effects different models of nucleotide substitution, different species-delimitation algorithms, and reducing our dataset had on species delimitation estimates. We performed of two distance-based (ABGD, RESL) and three tree-based (bPTP, mPTP, GMYC) analyses on both the full dataset and a dataset consisting only of unique halotypes. From 34 nominal taxa, analyses of the full dataset recovered between 34 and 64 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), while analyses of the reduced dataset inferred between 36 and 59. Reassigning individuals to either mPTP-inferred or ABGD clustered (7.2% threshold) groups improved the detection of a barcoding gap across three different models of nucleotide substitution, removing overlap between intra- and interspecific distances. Our results highlight the underestimated diversity of mainland Chortís Block anoles, but the lack of congruence between analyses demonstrates the importance of considering multiple analytical methods when dealing with single-locus datasets. We recommend future studies consider the effects of different models of nucleotide substitution on proposed barcoding gaps, as well as the effect reducing a dataset to unique haplotypes may have on proposed diversity estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich P. Hofmann
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Kirsten E. Nicholson
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | | | - Gunther Köhler
- Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - César A. Cerrato-Mendoza
- Federación Hondureña de Deportes de Montaña Y Escalada, Departamento de Francisco Morazán, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Melissa Medina-Flores
- Federación Hondureña de Deportes de Montaña Y Escalada, Departamento de Francisco Morazán, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Larry David Wilson
- Centro Zamorano de Biodiversidad, Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Zamorano, Departamento de Francisco Morazán, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Josiah H. Townsend
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, United States
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Prates I, Penna A, Rodrigues MT, Carnaval AC. Local adaptation in mainland anole lizards: Integrating population history and genome-environment associations. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:11932-11944. [PMID: 30598788 PMCID: PMC6303772 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental gradients constrain physiological performance and thus species' ranges, suggesting that species occurrence in diverse environments may be associated with local adaptation. Genome-environment association analyses (GEAA) have become central for studies of local adaptation, yet they are sensitive to the spatial orientation of historical range expansions relative to landscape gradients. To test whether potentially adaptive genotypes occur in varied climates in wide-ranged species, we implemented GEAA on the basis of genomewide data from the anole lizards Anolis ortonii and Anolis punctatus, which expanded from Amazonia, presently dominated by warm and wet settings, into the cooler and less rainy Atlantic Forest. To examine whether local adaptation has been constrained by population structure and history, we estimated effective population sizes, divergence times, and gene flow under a coalescent framework. In both species, divergence between Amazonian and Atlantic Forest populations dates back to the mid-Pleistocene, with subsequent gene flow. We recovered eleven candidate genes involved with metabolism, immunity, development, and cell signaling in A. punctatus and found no loci whose frequency is associated with environmental gradients in A. ortonii. Distinct signatures of adaptation between these species are not associated with historical constraints or distinct climatic space occupancies. Similar patterns of spatial structure between selected and neutral SNPs along the climatic gradient, as supported by patterns of genetic clustering in A. punctatus, may have led to conservative GEAA performance. This study illustrates how tests of local adaptation can benefit from knowledge about species histories to support hypothesis formulation, sampling design, and landscape gradient characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Prates
- Department of Vertebrate ZoologyNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
- Department of Biology, City College of New York and Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNew York
| | - Anna Penna
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | | | - Ana Carolina Carnaval
- Department of Biology, City College of New York and Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNew York
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Kabelik D, Weitekamp CA, Choudhury SC, Hartline JT, Smith AN, Hofmann HA. Neural activity in the social decision-making network of the brown anole during reproductive and agonistic encounters. Horm Behav 2018; 106:178-188. [PMID: 30342012 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Animals have evolved flexible strategies that allow them to evaluate and respond to their social environment by integrating the salience of external stimuli with internal physiological cues into adaptive behavioral responses. A highly conserved social decision-making network (SDMN), consisting of interconnected social behavior and mesolimbic reward networks, has been proposed to underlie such adaptive behaviors across all vertebrates, although our understanding of this system in reptiles is very limited. Here we measure neural activation across the SDMN and associated regions in the male brown anole (Anolis sagrei), within both reproductive and agonistic contexts, by quantifying the expression density of the immediate early gene product Fos. We then relate this neural activity measure to social context, behavioral expression, and activation (as measured by colocalization with Fos) of different phenotypes of 'source' node neurons that produce neurotransmitters and neuropeptides known to modulate SDMN 'target' node activity. Our results demonstrate that measures of neural activation across the SDMN network are generally independent of specific behavioral output, although Fos induction in a few select nodes of the social behavior network component of the SDMN does vary with social environment and behavioral output. Under control conditions, the mesolimbic reward nodes of the SDMN actually correlate little with the social behavior nodes, but the interconnectivity of these SDMN components increases dramatically within a reproductive context. When relating behavioral output to specific source node activation profiles, we found that catecholaminergic activation is associated with the frequency and intensity of reproductive behavior output, as well as with aggression intensity. Finally, in terms of the effects of source node activation on SDMN activity, we found that Ile8-oxytocin (mesotocin) populations correlate positively, while Ile3-vasopressin (vasotocin), catecholamine, and serotonin populations correlate negatively with SDMN activity. Taken together, our findings present evidence for a highly dynamic SDMN in reptiles that is responsive to salient cues in a social context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kabelik
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA.
| | - Chelsea A Weitekamp
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Shelley C Choudhury
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Jacob T Hartline
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Alexandra N Smith
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Hans A Hofmann
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Otero L, Schall JJ, Cruz V, Aaltonen K, Acevedo MA. The drivers and consequences of unstable Plasmodium dynamics: a long-term study of three malaria parasite species infecting a tropical lizard. Parasitology 2019; 146:453-61. [PMID: 30319084 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182018001750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the consequences of environmental fluctuations for parasite dynamics requires a long-term view stretching over many transmission cycles. Here we studied the dynamics of three malaria parasites (Plasmodium azurophilum, P. leucocytica and P. floridense) infecting the lizard Anolis gundlachi, in the rainforest of Puerto Rico. In this malaria-anole system we evaluated temporal fluctuations in individual probability of infection, the environmental drivers of observed variation and consequences for host body condition and Plasmodium parasites assemblage. We conducted a total of 15 surveys including 10 from 1990 to 2002 and five from 2015 to 2017. During the early years, a lizard's probability of infection by all Plasmodium species appeared stable despite disturbances ranging from two hurricanes to short droughts. Over a longer timescale, probability of infection and overall prevalence varied significantly, following non-linear relationships with temperature and rainfall such that highest prevalence is expected at intermediate climate measures. A perplexing result was that host body condition was maximized at intermediate levels of rainfall and/or temperature (when risk of infection was highest), yet we found no significant decreases in body condition due to infection. Plasmodium parasite species composition varied through time with a reduction and near local extinction of P. floridense. Our results emphasize the need for long-term studies to reveal host-parasite dynamics, their drivers and consequences.
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Prado-Irwin SR, van de Schoot M, Geneva AJ. Detection and phylogenetic analysis of adenoviruses occurring in a single anole species. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5521. [PMID: 30186692 PMCID: PMC6119460 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) infect a wide range of hosts, and they have undergone recent and ancient host transfers multiple times. In reptiles, AdVs have been found in many captive individuals, and have been implicated in morbidity and mortality in several species. Yet the pathogenicity, transmission, phylogenetic distribution, and source of AdVs in the environment are still unknown. We therefore chose to opportunistically sample deceased captive Anolis sagrei individuals that were collected from different populations in the Bahamas and the Cayman Islands, as well as fecal samples from one island population, to explore the disease dynamics and diversity of adenovirus infecting A. sagrei populations. We found that adenovirus infection was present in our captive colony at low prevalence (26%), and was likely not the primary cause of observed morbidity and mortality. Among the 10 individuals (out of 38 sampled) which tested positive for adenovirus, we identified four adenovirus clades, several of which are distantly related, despite the close relationships of the A. sagrei host populations. These results suggest that while adenovirus may not be highly prevalent in the wild, it is present at low levels across much of the range of A. sagrei. It may undergo frequent host switching across both deep and shallow host divergences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia R. Prado-Irwin
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martijn van de Schoot
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Anthony J. Geneva
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Gunderson AR, Fleishman LJ, Leal M. Visual "playback" of colorful signals in the field supports sensory drive for signal detectability. Curr Zool 2018; 64:493-498. [PMID: 30108630 PMCID: PMC6084605 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoy046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorful visual signals are important systems for investigating the effects of signaling environments and receiver physiology on signal evolution as predicted by the sensory drive hypothesis. Support for the sensory drive hypothesis on color signal evolution is mostly based on documenting correlations between the properties of signals and habitat conditions under which the signals are given (i.e., a correlational approach) and less commonly on the use of mathematical models that integrate representations of visual environments, signal properties, and sensory systems (i.e., a functional approach). Here, we used an experimental approach in the field to evaluate signal efficacy of colorful lizard throat fans called dewlaps that show geographic variation in the lizard Anolis cristatellus. We used a remote controlled apparatus to display "fake dewlaps" to wild lizards to test for adaptive divergence in dewlap brightness (i.e., perceived intensity) among populations in situ. We found evidence of local adaptation in dewlap brightness consistent with the sensory drive hypothesis. Specifically, dewlaps that had the brightness characteristics of local lizards were more likely to be detected than those with the brightness characteristics of non-local lizards. Our findings indicate that simplified mathematical representations of visual environments may allow robust estimates of relative detectability or conspicuousness in natural habitats. We have shown the feasibility of evaluating color signal efficacy experimentally under natural conditions and demonstrate the potential advantages of presenting isolated components of signals to an intended receiver to measure their contribution to signal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Gunderson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Manuel Leal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, 105 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO, USA
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Dufour CMS, Herrel A, Losos JB. The effect of recent competition between the native Anolis oculatus and the invasive A. cristatellus on display behavior. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4888. [PMID: 29922509 PMCID: PMC6005165 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive species are a global threat to biodiversity. Cases where the invasion has been tracked since its beginning are rare, however, such that the first interactions between invasive and native species remain poorly understood. Communication behavior is an integral part of species identity and is subject to selection. Consequently, resource use and direct interference competition between native and invasive species may drive its evolution. Here, we tested the role of interactions between the recently introduced invasive lizard Anolis cristatellus and the native Anolis oculatus on variation in behavior and communication in Calibishie (Dominica). From May to June 2016, we filmed 122 adult males of both species displaying in banana farms under two contexts (allopatry and sympatry). We then recorded (i) the proportion of time spent displaying and (ii) the relative frequency of dewlap vs. push-up displays. To control for habitat variation, we measured and compared the habitat characteristics (canopy openness and habitat openness) of 228 males in allopatry and sympatry. While the habitat characteristics and total display-time did not differ between the contexts for the two species, the proportion of display-time spent dewlapping by A. cristatellus decreased in sympatry. The display of A. oculatus did not differ between the contexts, however. Shifts in microhabitat use, predation pressure, or interspecific interference are potential factors which might explain the behavioral changes in display observed in A. cristatellus. This study highlights the role of behavioral traits as a first response of an invasive species to recent competition with a closely related native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M S Dufour
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Département 'Adaptations du vivant', UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan B Losos
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
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