1
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Acoca-Pidolle S, Gauthier P, Devresse L, Deverge Merdrignac A, Pons V, Cheptou PO. Ongoing convergent evolution of a selfing syndrome threatens plant-pollinator interactions. New Phytol 2024; 242:717-726. [PMID: 38113924 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant-pollinator interactions evolved early in the angiosperm radiation. Ongoing environmental changes are however leading to pollinator declines that may cause pollen limitation to plants and change the evolutionary pressures shaping plant mating systems. We used resurrection ecology methodology to contrast ancestors and contemporary descendants in four natural populations of the field pansy (Viola arvensis) in the Paris region (France), a depauperate pollinator environment. We combine population genetics analysis, phenotypic measurements and behavioural tests on a common garden experiment. Population genetics analysis reveals 27% increase in realized selfing rates in the field during this period. We documented trait evolution towards smaller and less conspicuous corollas, reduced nectar production and reduced attractiveness to bumblebees, with these trait shifts convergent across the four studied populations. We demonstrate the rapid evolution of a selfing syndrome in the four studied plant populations, associated with a weakening of the interactions with pollinators over the last three decades. This study demonstrates that plant mating systems can evolve rapidly in natural populations in the face of ongoing environmental changes. The rapid evolution towards a selfing syndrome may in turn further accelerate pollinator declines, in an eco-evolutionary feedback loop with broader implications to natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Acoca-Pidolle
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Perrine Gauthier
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Louis Devresse
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Antoine Deverge Merdrignac
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Virginie Pons
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Cheptou
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34293, France
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2
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Pontarp M, Runemark A, Friberg M, Opedal ØH, Persson AS, Wang L, Smith HG. Evolutionary plant-pollinator responses to anthropogenic land-use change: impacts on ecosystem services. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:372-389. [PMID: 37866400 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural intensification at field and landscape scales, including increased use of agrochemicals and loss of semi-natural habitats, is a major driver of insect declines and other community changes. Efforts to understand and mitigate these effects have traditionally focused on ecological responses. At the same time, adaptations to pesticide use and habitat fragmentation in both insects and flowering plants show the potential for rapid evolution. Yet we lack an understanding of how such evolutionary responses may propagate within and between trophic levels with ensuing consequences for conservation of species and ecological functions in agroecosystems. Here, we review the literature on the consequences of agricultural intensification on plant and animal evolutionary responses and interactions. We present a novel conceptualization of evolutionary change induced by agricultural intensification at field and landscape scales and emphasize direct and indirect effects of rapid evolution on ecosystem services. We exemplify by focusing on economically and ecologically important interactions between plants and pollinators. We showcase available eco-evolutionary theory and plant-pollinator modelling that can improve predictions of how agricultural intensification affects interaction networks, and highlight available genetic and trait-focused methodological approaches. Specifically, we focus on how spatial genetic structure affects the probability of propagated responses, and how the structure of interaction networks modulates effects of evolutionary change in individual species. Thereby, we highlight how combined trait-based eco-evolutionary modelling, functionally explicit quantitative genetics, and genomic analyses may shed light on conditions where evolutionary responses impact important ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Pontarp
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Anna Runemark
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Magne Friberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Øystein H Opedal
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Anna S Persson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science (CEC), Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Lingzi Wang
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science (CEC), Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 22362, Sweden
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, 58 Salisbury Rd, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Henrik G Smith
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 22362, Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science (CEC), Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 22362, Sweden
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3
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Melissa MJ, Desai MM. A dynamical limit to evolutionary adaptation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312845121. [PMID: 38241432 PMCID: PMC10823227 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312845121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural selection makes evolutionary adaptation possible even if the overwhelming majority of new mutations are deleterious. However, in rapidly evolving populations where numerous linked mutations occur and segregate simultaneously, clonal interference and genetic hitchhiking can limit the efficiency of selection, allowing deleterious mutations to accumulate over time. This can in principle overwhelm the fitness increases provided by beneficial mutations, leading to an overall fitness decline. Here, we analyze the conditions under which evolution will tend to drive populations to higher versus lower fitness. Our analysis focuses on quantifying the boundary between these two regimes, as a function of parameters such as population size, mutation rates, and selection pressures. This boundary represents a state in which adaptation is precisely balanced by Muller's ratchet, and we show that it can be characterized by rapid molecular evolution without any net fitness change. Finally, we consider the implications of global fitness-mediated epistasis and find that under some circumstances, this can drive populations toward the boundary state, which can thus represent a long-term evolutionary attractor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Melissa
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Quantitative Biology Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- National Science Foundation (NSF)-Simons Center for Mathematical and Statistical Analysis of Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Michael M. Desai
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Quantitative Biology Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- National Science Foundation (NSF)-Simons Center for Mathematical and Statistical Analysis of Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
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4
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Cheek RG, McLaughlin JF, Gamboa MP, Marshall CA, Johnson BM, Silver DB, Mauro AA, Ghalambor CK. A lack of genetic diversity and minimal adaptive evolutionary divergence in introduced Mysis shrimp after 50 years. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13637. [PMID: 38283609 PMCID: PMC10818135 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The successes of introduced populations in novel habitats often provide powerful examples of evolution and adaptation. In the 1950s, opossum shrimp (Mysis diluviana) individuals from Clearwater Lake in Minnesota, USA were transported and introduced to Twin Lakes in Colorado, USA by fisheries managers to supplement food sources for trout. Mysis were subsequently introduced from Twin Lakes into numerous lakes throughout Colorado. Because managers kept detailed records of the timing of the introductions, we had the opportunity to test for evolutionary divergence within a known time interval. Here, we used reduced representation genomic data to investigate patterns of genetic diversity, test for genetic divergence between populations, and for evidence of adaptive evolution within the introduced populations in Colorado. We found very low levels of genetic diversity across all populations, with evidence for some genetic divergence between the Minnesota source population and the introduced populations in Colorado. There was little differentiation among the Colorado populations, consistent with the known provenance of a single founding population, with the exception of the population from Gross Reservoir, Colorado. Demographic modeling suggests that at least one undocumented introduction from an unknown source population hybridized with the population in Gross Reservoir. Despite the overall low genetic diversity we observed, F ST outlier and environmental association analyses identified multiple loci exhibiting signatures of selection and adaptive variation related to elevation and lake depth. The success of introduced species is thought to be limited by genetic variation, but our results imply that populations with limited genetic variation can become established in a wide range of novel environments. From an applied perspective, the observed patterns of divergence between populations suggest that genetic analysis can be a useful forensic tool to determine likely sources of invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G. Cheek
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Jessica F. McLaughlin
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maybellene P. Gamboa
- Department of Organismal Biology and EcologyColorado CollegeColorado SpringsColoradoUSA
| | - Craig A. Marshall
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Council on Science and TechnologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Brett M. Johnson
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Douglas B. Silver
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Alexander A. Mauro
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD)Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | - Cameron K. Ghalambor
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD)Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
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5
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Sabolić I, Mira Ó, Brandt DYC, Lisičić D, Stapley J, Novosolov M, Bakarić R, Cizelj I, Glogoški M, Hudina T, Taverne M, Allentoft ME, Nielsen R, Herrel A, Štambuk A. Plastic and genomic change of a newly established lizard population following a founder event. Mol Ecol 2023:e17255. [PMID: 38133599 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how phenotypic divergence arises among natural populations remains one of the major goals in evolutionary biology. As part of competitive exclusion experiment conducted in 1971, 10 individuals of Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810)) were transplanted from Pod Kopište Island to the nearby island of Pod Mrčaru (Adriatic Sea). Merely 35 years after the introduction, the newly established population on Pod Mrčaru Island had shifted their diet from predominantly insectivorous towards omnivorous and changed significantly in a range of morphological, behavioural, physiological and ecological characteristics. Here, we combine genomic and quantitative genetic approaches to determine the relative roles of genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in driving this rapid phenotypic shift. Our results show genome-wide genetic differentiation between ancestral and transplanted population, with weak genetic erosion on Pod Mrčaru Island. Adaptive processes following the founder event are indicated by highly differentiated genomic loci associating with ecologically relevant phenotypic traits, and/or having a putatively adaptive role across multiple lizard populations. Diverged traits related to head size and shape or bite force showed moderate heritability in a crossing experiment, but between-population differences in these traits did not persist in a common garden environment. Our results confirm the existence of sufficient additive genetic variance for traits to evolve under selection while also demonstrating that phenotypic plasticity and/or genotype by environment interactions are the main drivers of population differentiation at this early evolutionary stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Sabolić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Óscar Mira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Débora Y C Brandt
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Duje Lisičić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jessica Stapley
- Department of Environmental Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Novosolov
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Bakarić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Cizelj
- Zoological Garden of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Glogoški
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Maxime Taverne
- C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, Paris, France
| | - Morten E Allentoft
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Anthony Herrel
- C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anamaria Štambuk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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6
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Brevik K, Schoville SD, Muszewska A, Pélissié B, Cohen Z, Izzo V, Chen YH. Transposable elements differ between geographic populations of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Environ Entomol 2023; 52:1162-1171. [PMID: 37823556 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural insect herbivores show a remarkable ability to adapt to modern agroecosystems, making them ideal for the study of the mechanisms underlying rapid evolution. The mobilization of transposable elements is one mechanism that may help explain this ability. The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, is a highly adaptable species, as shown by its wide host range, broad geographic distribution, and tolerance to insecticides. However, beetle populations vary in insecticide tolerance, with Eastern US beetle populations being more adaptable than Western US ones. Here, we use a community ecology approach to examine how the abundance and diversity of transposable elements differs in 88 resequenced genomes of L. decemlineata collected throughout North America. We tested if assemblages and mobilization of transposable elements differed between populations of L. decemlineata based on the beetle's geography, host plant, and neonicotinoid insecticide resistance. Among populations of North American L. decemlineata, individuals collected in Mexico host more transposable elements than individuals collected in the United States. Transposable element insertion locations differ among geographic populations, reflecting the evolutionary history of this species. Total transposable element diversity between L. decemlineata individuals is enough to distinguish between populations, with more TEs found in beetles collected in Mexico than in the United States. Transposable element diversity does not appear to differ between beetles found on different host plants, or relate to different levels of insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Brevik
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sean D Schoville
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna Muszewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Benjamin Pélissié
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zachary Cohen
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Victor Izzo
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Yolanda H Chen
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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7
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van Velzen E. High importance of indirect evolutionary rescue in a small food web. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:2110-2121. [PMID: 37807971 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary rescue may allow species to survive environmental change, but how this mechanism operates in food webs is poorly understood. Here, the evolutionary rescue was investigated in a small model food web, systematically allowing the evolution of each single species in order to reveal how its adaptation affects the persistence of itself and others. The impact of evolution was highly species-specific and not necessarily positive: only one species, the specialist predator, consistently had a positive impact on overall persistence. Most strikingly, evolution overwhelmingly affected other species: rescue of others (indirect rescue) was far more frequent than self-rescue, and negative effects were nearly always indirect. This demonstrates that evolutionary rescue in food webs is inextricably bound up with species interactions, as the effects of evolution in one species ripple through the entire community. It is therefore critically important to consider the food web context in efforts to understand how species may survive global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen van Velzen
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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8
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Christie K, Pierson NR, Holeski LM, Lowry DB. Resurrected seeds from herbarium specimens reveal rapid evolution of drought resistance in a selfing annual. Am J Bot 2023; 110:e16265. [PMID: 38102863 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Increased aridity and drought associated with climate change are exerting unprecedented selection pressures on plant populations. Whether populations can rapidly adapt, and which life history traits might confer increased fitness under drought, remain outstanding questions. METHODS We utilized a resurrection ecology approach, leveraging dormant seeds from herbarium collections to assess whether populations of Plantago patagonica from the semi-arid Colorado Plateau have rapidly evolved in response to approximately ten years of intense drought in the region. We quantified multiple traits associated with drought escape and drought resistance and assessed the survival of ancestors and descendants under simulated drought. RESULTS Descendant populations displayed a significant shift in resource allocation, in which they invested less in reproductive tissues and relatively more in both above- and below-ground vegetative tissues. Plants with greater leaf biomass survived longer under terminal drought; moreover, even after accounting for the effect of increased leaf biomass, descendant seedlings survived drought longer than their ancestors. CONCLUSIONS Our results document rapid adaptive evolution in response to climate change in a selfing annual and suggest that shifts in tissue allocation strategies may underlie adaptive responses to drought in arid or semi-arid environments. This work also illustrates a novel approach, documenting that under specific circumstances, seeds from herbarium specimens may provide an untapped source of dormant propagules for future resurrection experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Christie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Natalie R Pierson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
| | - Liza M Holeski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
- Center for Adaptive Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
| | - David B Lowry
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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9
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Gallagher JH, Zonana DM, Broder ED, Syammach AM, Tinghitella RM. A novel cricket morph has diverged in song and wing morphology across island populations. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1609-1617. [PMID: 37885146 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Divergence of sexual signals between populations can lead to speciation, yet opportunities to study the immediate aftermath of novel signal evolution are rare. The recent emergence and spread of a new mating song, purring, in Hawaiian populations of the Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus) allows us to investigate population divergence soon after the origin of a new signal. Male crickets produce songs with specialized wing structures to attract mates from afar (calling) and entice them to mate when found (courtship). However, in Hawaii, these songs also attract an eavesdropping parasitoid fly (Ormia ochracea) that kills singing males. The novel purring song, produced with heavily modified wing morphology, attracts female crickets but not the parasitoid fly, acting as a solution to this conflict between natural and sexual selection. We've recently observed increasing numbers of purring males across Hawaii. In this integrative field study, we investigated the distribution of purring and the proportion of purring males relative to other morphs in six populations on four islands and compared a suite of phenotypic traits (wing morphology, calling song and courtship song) that make up this novel signal across populations of purring males. We show that purring is found in varying proportions across five, and is locally dominant in four, Hawaiian populations. We also show that calling songs, courtship songs and wing morphology of purring males differ geographically. Our findings demonstrate the rapid pace of evolution in island populations and provide insights into the emergence and divergence of new sexual signals over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Gallagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - David M Zonana
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - E Dale Broder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Aziz M Syammach
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Robin M Tinghitella
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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10
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Lake TA, Briscoe Runquist RD, Flagel LE, Moeller DA. Chronosequence of invasion reveals minimal losses of population genomic diversity, niche expansion, and trait divergence in the polyploid, leafy spurge. Evol Appl 2023; 16:1680-1696. [PMID: 38020872 PMCID: PMC10660801 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid evolution may play an important role in the range expansion of invasive species and modify forecasts of invasion, which are the backbone of land management strategies. However, losses of genetic variation associated with colonization bottlenecks may constrain trait and niche divergence at leading range edges, thereby impacting management decisions that anticipate future range expansion. The spatial and temporal scales over which adaptation contributes to invasion dynamics remain unresolved. We leveraged detailed records of the ~130-year invasion history of the invasive polyploid plant, leafy spurge (Euphorbia virgata), across ~500 km in Minnesota, U.S.A. We examined the consequences of range expansion for population genomic diversity, niche breadth, and the evolution of germination behavior. Using genotyping-by-sequencing, we found some population structure in the range core, where introduction occurred, but panmixia among all other populations. Range expansion was accompanied by only modest losses in sequence diversity, with small, isolated populations at the leading edge harboring similar levels of diversity to those in the range core. The climatic niche expanded during most of the range expansion, and the niche of the range core was largely non-overlapping with the invasion front. Ecological niche models indicated that mean temperature of the warmest quarter was the strongest determinant of habitat suitability and that populations at the leading edge had the lowest habitat suitability. Guided by these findings, we tested for rapid evolution in germination behavior over the time course of range expansion using a common garden experiment and temperature manipulations. Germination behavior diverged from the early to late phases of the invasion, with populations from later phases having higher dormancy at lower temperatures. Our results suggest that trait evolution may have contributed to niche expansion during invasion and that distribution models, which inform future management planning, may underestimate invasion potential without accounting for evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Lake
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Lex E. Flagel
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
- GencoveLong Island CityNew YorkUSA
| | - David A. Moeller
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
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11
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Sparks MM, Schraidt CE, Yin X, Seeb LW, Christie MR. Rapid genetic adaptation to a novel ecosystem despite a large founder event. Mol Ecol 2023. [PMID: 37668092 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduced and invasive species make excellent natural experiments for investigating rapid evolution. Here, we describe the effects of genetic drift and rapid genetic adaptation in pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) that were accidentally introduced to the Great Lakes via a single introduction event 31 generations ago. Using whole-genome resequencing for 134 fish spanning five sample groups across the native and introduced range, we estimate that the source population's effective population size was 146,886 at the time of introduction, whereas the founding population's effective population size was just 72-a 2040-fold decrease. As expected with a severe founder event, we show reductions in genome-wide measures of genetic diversity, specifically a 37.7% reduction in the number of SNPs and an 8.2% reduction in observed heterozygosity. Despite this decline in genetic diversity, we provide evidence for putative selection at 47 loci across multiple chromosomes in the introduced populations, including missense variants in genes associated with circadian rhythm, immunological response and maturation, which match expected or known phenotypic changes in the Great Lakes. For one of these genes, we use a species-specific agent-based model to rule out genetic drift and conclude our results support a strong response to selection occurring in a period gene (per2) that plays a predominant role in determining an organism's daily clock, matching large day length differences experienced by introduced salmon during important phenological periods. Together, these results inform how populations might evolve rapidly to new environments, even with a small pool of standing genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan M Sparks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Claire E Schraidt
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Xiaoshen Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lisa W Seeb
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark R Christie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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12
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Yamamichi M, Letten AD, Schreiber SJ. Eco-evolutionary maintenance of diversity in fluctuating environments. Ecol Lett 2023; 26 Suppl 1:S152-S167. [PMID: 37840028 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that temporally fluctuating environments are important in maintaining variation both within and between species. To date, however, studies of genetic variation within a population have been largely conducted by evolutionary biologists (particularly population geneticists), while population and community ecologists have concentrated more on diversity at the species level. Despite considerable conceptual overlap, the commonalities and differences of these two alternative paradigms have yet to come under close scrutiny. Here, we review theoretical and empirical studies in population genetics and community ecology focusing on the 'temporal storage effect' and synthesise theories of diversity maintenance across different levels of biological organisation. Drawing on Chesson's coexistence theory, we explain how temporally fluctuating environments promote the maintenance of genetic variation and species diversity. We propose a further synthesis of the two disciplines by comparing models employing traditional frequency-dependent dynamics and those adopting density-dependent dynamics. We then address how temporal fluctuations promote genetic and species diversity simultaneously via rapid evolution and eco-evolutionary dynamics. Comparing and synthesising ecological and evolutionary approaches will accelerate our understanding of diversity maintenance in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yamamichi
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Andrew D Letten
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sebastian J Schreiber
- Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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13
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Lion S, Sasaki A, Boots M. Extending eco-evolutionary theory with oligomorphic dynamics. Ecol Lett 2023; 26 Suppl 1:S22-S46. [PMID: 36814412 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between ecological processes and the evolutionary dynamics of quantitative traits in natural systems remains a major challenge. Two main theoretical frameworks are used to address this question, adaptive dynamics and quantitative genetics, both of which have strengths and limitations and are often used by distinct research communities to address different questions. In order to make progress, new theoretical developments are needed that integrate these approaches and strengthen the link to empirical data. Here, we discuss a novel theoretical framework that bridges the gap between quantitative genetics and adaptive dynamics approaches. 'Oligomorphic dynamics' can be used to analyse eco-evolutionary dynamics across different time scales and extends quantitative genetics theory to account for multimodal trait distributions, the dynamical nature of genetic variance, the potential for disruptive selection due to ecological feedbacks, and the non-normal or skewed trait distributions encountered in nature. Oligomorphic dynamics explicitly takes into account the effect of environmental feedback, such as frequency- and density-dependent selection, on the dynamics of multi-modal trait distributions and we argue it has the potential to facilitate a much tighter integration between eco-evolutionary theory and empirical data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Japan
- Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Mike Boots
- Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
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14
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Martiny JBH, Martiny AC, Brodie E, Chase AB, Rodríguez-Verdugo A, Treseder KK, Allison SD. Investigating the eco-evolutionary response of microbiomes to environmental change. Ecol Lett 2023; 26 Suppl 1:S81-S90. [PMID: 36965002 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are the primary engines of biogeochemical processes and foundational to the provisioning of ecosystem services to human society. Free-living microbial communities (microbiomes) and their functioning are now known to be highly sensitive to environmental change. Given microorganisms' capacity for rapid evolution, evolutionary processes could play a role in this response. Currently, however, few models of biogeochemical processes explicitly consider how microbial evolution will affect biogeochemical responses to environmental change. Here, we propose a conceptual framework for explicitly integrating evolution into microbiome-functioning relationships. We consider how microbiomes respond simultaneously to environmental change via four interrelated processes that affect overall microbiome functioning (physiological acclimation, demography, dispersal and evolution). Recent evidence in both the laboratory and the field suggests that ecological and evolutionary dynamics occur simultaneously within microbiomes; however, the implications for biogeochemistry under environmental change will depend on the timescales over which these processes contribute to a microbiome's response. Over the long term, evolution may play an increasingly important role for microbially driven biogeochemical responses to environmental change, particularly to conditions without recent historical precedent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B H Martiny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Adam C Martiny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Eoin Brodie
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Alexander B Chase
- Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Kathleen K Treseder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Steven D Allison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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15
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Yamamichi M, Ellner SP, Hairston NG. Beyond simple adaptation: Incorporating other evolutionary processes and concepts into eco-evolutionary dynamics. Ecol Lett 2023; 26 Suppl 1:S16-S21. [PMID: 37840027 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Studies of eco-evolutionary dynamics have integrated evolution with ecological processes at multiple scales (populations, communities and ecosystems) and with multiple interspecific interactions (antagonistic, mutualistic and competitive). However, evolution has often been conceptualised as a simple process: short-term directional adaptation that increases population growth. Here we argue that diverse other evolutionary processes, well studied in population genetics and evolutionary ecology, should also be considered to explore the full spectrum of feedback between ecological and evolutionary processes. Relevant but underappreciated processes include (1) drift and mutation, (2) disruptive selection causing lineage diversification or speciation reversal and (3) evolution driven by relative fitness differences that may decrease population growth. Because eco-evolutionary dynamics have often been studied by population and community ecologists, it will be important to incorporate a variety of concepts in population genetics and evolutionary ecology to better understand and predict eco-evolutionary dynamics in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yamamichi
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Stephen P Ellner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Nelson G Hairston
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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16
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Bock DG, Baeckens S, Kolbe JJ, Losos JB. When adaptation is slowed down: Genomic analysis of evolutionary stasis in thermal tolerance during biological invasion in a novel climate. Mol Ecol 2023. [PMID: 37489260 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Research conducted during the past two decades has demonstrated that biological invasions are excellent models of rapid evolution. Even so, characteristics of invasive populations such as a short time for recombination to assemble optimal combinations of alleles may occasionally limit adaptation to new environments. Here, we investigated such genetic constraints to adaptation in the invasive brown anole (Anolis sagrei)-a tropical ectotherm that was introduced to the southeastern United States, a region with a much colder climate than in its native Caribbean range. We examined thermal physiology for 30 invasive populations and tested for a climatic cline in cold tolerance. Also, we used genomics to identify mechanisms that may limit adaptation. We found no support for a climatic cline, indicating that thermal tolerance did not shift adaptively. Concomitantly, population genomic results were consistent with the occurrence of recombination cold spots that comprise more than half of the genome and maintain long-range associations among alleles in invasive populations. These genomic regions overlap with both candidate thermal tolerance loci that we identified using a standard genome-wide association test. Moreover, we found that recombination cold spots do not have a large contribution to population differentiation in the invasive range, contrary to observations in the native range. We suggest that limited recombination is constraining the contribution of large swaths of the genome to adaptation in invasive brown anoles. Our study provides an example of evolutionary stasis during invasion and highlights the possibility that reduced recombination occasionally slows down adaptation in invasive populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan G Bock
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Simon Baeckens
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Lab, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Functional Morphology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jason J Kolbe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jonathan B Losos
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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17
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Singh AK, Amar I, Ramadasan H, Kappagantula KS, Chavali S. Proteins with amino acid repeats constitute a rapidly evolvable and human-specific essentialome. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112811. [PMID: 37453061 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein products of essential genes, indispensable for organismal survival, are highly conserved and bring about fundamental functions. Interestingly, proteins that contain amino acid homorepeats that tend to evolve rapidly are enriched in eukaryotic essentialomes. Why are proteins with hypermutable homorepeats enriched in conserved and functionally vital essential proteins? We solve this functional versus evolutionary paradox by demonstrating that human essential proteins with homorepeats bring about crosstalk across biological processes through high interactability and have distinct regulatory functions affecting expansive global regulation. Importantly, essential proteins with homorepeats rapidly diverge with the amino acid substitutions frequently affecting functional sites, likely facilitating rapid adaptability. Strikingly, essential proteins with homorepeats influence human-specific embryonic and brain development, implying that the presence of homorepeats could contribute to the emergence of human-specific processes. Thus, we propose that homorepeat-containing essential proteins affecting species-specific traits can be potential intervention targets across pathologies, including cancers and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali K Singh
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ishita Amar
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Harikrishnan Ramadasan
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Keertana S Kappagantula
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sreenivas Chavali
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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18
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Hilbert ZA, Haffener PE, Young HJ, Schwiesow MJW, Leffler EM, Elde NC. Rapid evolution of glycan recognition receptors reveals an axis of host-microbe arms races beyond canonical protein-protein interfaces. Genome Biol Evol 2023:evad119. [PMID: 37390614 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of microbial pathogens is a primary function of many mammalian immune proteins. This is accomplished through the recognition of diverse microbial-produced macromolecules including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates. Pathogens subvert host defenses by rapidly changing these structures to avoid detection, placing strong selective pressures on host immune proteins that repeatedly adapt to remain effective. Signatures of rapid evolution have been identified in numerous immunity proteins involved in the detection of pathogenic protein substrates, but whether similar signals can be observed in host proteins engaged in interactions with other types of pathogen-derived molecules has received less attention. This focus on protein-protein interfaces has largely obscured the study of fungi as contributors to host-pathogen conflicts, despite their importance as a formidable class of vertebrate pathogens. Here, we provide evidence that mammalian immune receptors involved in the detection of microbial glycans have been subject to recurrent positive selection. We find that rapidly evolving sites in these genes cluster in key functional domains involved in carbohydrate recognition. Further, we identify convergent patterns of substitution and evidence for balancing selection in one particular gene, MelLec, which plays a critical role in controlling invasive fungal disease. Our results also highlight the power of evolutionary analyses to reveal uncharacterized interfaces of host-pathogen conflict by identifying genes, like CLEC12A, with strong signals of positive selection across mammalian lineages. These results suggest that the realm of interfaces shaped by host-microbe conflicts extends beyond the world of host-viral protein-protein interactions and into the world of microbial glycans and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë A Hilbert
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Rd, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Paige E Haffener
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Hannah J Young
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Rd, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Mara J W Schwiesow
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Rd, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Ellen M Leffler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nels C Elde
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Rd, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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19
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Glaser-Schmitt A, Ramnarine TJS, Parsch J. Rapid evolutionary change, constraints and the maintenance of polymorphism in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Ecol 2023. [PMID: 37222070 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Allele frequencies can shift rapidly within natural populations. Under certain conditions, repeated rapid allele frequency shifts can lead to the long-term maintenance of polymorphism. In recent years, studies of the model insect Drosophila melanogaster have suggested that this phenomenon is more common than previously believed and is often driven by some form of balancing selection, such as temporally fluctuating or sexually antagonistic selection. Here we discuss some of the general insights into rapid evolutionary change revealed by large-scale population genomic studies, as well as the functional and mechanistic causes of rapid adaptation uncovered by single-gene studies. As an example of the latter, we consider a regulatory polymorphism of the D. melanogaster fezzik gene. Polymorphism at this site has been maintained at intermediate frequency over an extended period of time. Regular observations from a single population over a period of 7 years revealed significant differences in the frequency of the derived allele and its variance across collections between the sexes. These patterns are highly unlikely to arise from genetic drift alone or from the action of sexually antagonistic or temporally fluctuating selection individually. Instead, the joint action of sexually antagonistic and temporally fluctuating selection can best explain the observed rapid and repeated allele frequency shifts. Temporal studies such as those reviewed here further our understanding of how rapid changes in selection can lead to the long-term maintenance of polymorphism as well as improve our knowledge of the forces driving and limiting adaptation in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Glaser-Schmitt
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Timothy J S Ramnarine
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - John Parsch
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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20
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Conrady M, Lampei C, Bossdorf O, Hölzel N, Michalski S, Durka W, Bucharova A. Plants cultivated for ecosystem restoration can evolve toward a domestication syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219664120. [PMID: 37155873 PMCID: PMC10193954 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219664120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration calls for upscaling restoration efforts, but many terrestrial restoration projects are constrained by seed availability. To overcome these constraints, wild plants are increasingly propagated on farms to produce seeds for restoration projects. During on-farm propagation, the plants face non-natural conditions with different selection pressures, and they might evolve adaptations to cultivation that parallel those of agricultural crops, which could be detrimental to restoration success. To test this, we compared traits of 19 species grown from wild-collected seeds to those from their farm-propagated offspring of up to four cultivation generations, produced by two European seed growers, in a common garden experiment. We found that some plants rapidly evolved across cultivated generations towards increased size and reproduction, lower within-species variability, and more synchronized flowering. In one species, we found evolution towards less seed shattering. These trait changes are typical signs of the crop domestication syndrome, and our study demonstrates that it can also occur during cultivation of wild plants, within only few cultivated generations. However, there was large variability between cultivation lineages, and the observed effect sizes were generally rather moderate, which suggests that the detected evolutionary changes are unlikely to compromise farm-propagated seeds for ecosystem restoration. To mitigate the potential negative effects of unintended selection, we recommend to limit the maximum number of generations the plants can be cultivated without replenishing the seed stock from new wild collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Conrady
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, 48149Münster, Germany
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Lampei
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, 48149Münster, Germany
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043Marburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Michalski
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 06120Halle, Germany
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 06120Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Bucharova
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, 48149Münster, Germany
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043Marburg, Germany
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21
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Johnson SE, Tittes S, Franks SJ. Rapid, nonparallel genomic evolution of Brassica rapa (field mustard) under experimental drought. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:550-562. [PMID: 36721268 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
While we know that climate change can potentially cause rapid phenotypic evolution, our understanding of the genetic basis and degree of genetic parallelism of rapid evolutionary responses to climate change is limited. In this study, we combined the resurrection approach with an evolve-and-resequence design to examine genome-wide evolutionary changes following drought. We exposed genetically similar replicate populations of the annual plant Brassica rapa derived from a field population in southern California to four generations of experimental drought or watered conditions in a greenhouse. Genome-wide sequencing of ancestral and descendant population pools identified hundreds of SNPs that showed evidence of rapidly evolving in response to drought. Several of these were in stress response genes, and two were identified in a prior study of drought response in this species. However, almost all genetic changes were unique among experimental populations, indicating that the evolutionary changes were largely nonparallel, despite the fact that genetically similar replicates of the same founder population had experienced controlled and consistent selection regimes. This nonparallelism of evolution at the genetic level is potentially because of polygenetic adaptation allowing for multiple different genetic routes to similar phenotypic outcomes. Our findings help to elucidate the relationship between rapid phenotypic and genomic evolution and shed light on the degree of parallelism and predictability of genomic evolution to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Silas Tittes
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Steven J Franks
- Department of Biological Sciences and Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, USA
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22
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Cohen ZP, Schoville SD, Hawthorne DJ. The role of structural variants in pest adaptation and genome evolution of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Mol Ecol 2023; 32:1425-1440. [PMID: 36591939 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Structural variation has been associated with genetic diversity and adaptation. Despite these observations, it is not clear what their relative importance is for evolution, especially in rapidly adapting species. Here, we examine the significance of structural polymorphisms in pesticide resistance evolution of the agricultural super-pest, the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. By employing a parent offspring trio sequencing procedure, we develop highly contiguous reference genomes to characterize structural variation. These updated assemblies represent >100-fold improvement of contiguity and include derived pest and ancestral nonpest individuals. We identify >200,000 structural variations, which appear to be nonrandomly distributed across the genome as they co-occur with transposable elements and genes. Structural variations intersect with exons in a large proportion of gene annotations (~20%) that are associated with insecticide resistance (including cytochrome P450s), development, and transcription. To understand the role structural variations play in adaptation, we measure their allele frequencies among an additional 57 individuals using whole genome resequencing data, which represents pest and nonpest populations of North America. Incorporating multiple independent tests to detect the signature of natural selection using SNP data, we identify 14 genes that are probably under positive selection, include structural variations, and SNPs of elevated frequency within the pest lineages. Among these, three are associated with insecticide resistance based on previous research. One of these genes, CYP4g15, is coinduced during insecticide exposure with glycosyltransferase-13, which is a duplicated gene enclosed within a structural variant adjacent to the CYP4g15 genic region. These results demonstrate the significance of structural variations as a genomic feature to describe species history, genetic diversity, and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P Cohen
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sean D Schoville
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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23
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Rice GR, David JR, Gompel N, Yassin A, Rebeiz M. Resolving between novelty and homology in the rapidly evolving phallus of Drosophila. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 2023; 340:182-196. [PMID: 34958528 PMCID: PMC10155935 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The genitalia present some of the most rapidly evolving anatomical structures in the animal kingdom, possessing a variety of parts that can distinguish recently diverged species. In the Drosophila melanogaster group, the phallus is adorned with several processes, pointed outgrowths, that are similar in size and shape between species. However, the complex three-dimensional nature of the phallus can obscure the exact connection points of each process. Previous descriptions based upon adult morphology have primarily assigned phallic processes by their approximate positions in the phallus and have remained largely agnostic regarding their homology relationships. In the absence of clearly identified homology, it can be challenging to model when each structure first evolved. Here, we employ a comparative developmental analysis of these processes in eight members of the melanogaster species group to precisely identify the tissue from which each process forms. Our results indicate that adult phallic processes arise from three pupal primordia in all species. We found that in some cases the same primordia generate homologous structures whereas in other cases, different primordia produce phenotypically similar but remarkably non-homologous structures. This suggests that the same gene regulatory network may have been redeployed to different primordia to induce phenotypically similar traits. Our results highlight how traits diversify and can be redeployed, even at short evolutionary scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Rice
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean R David
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie (EGCE), UMR 9191, CNRS,IRD, Univ.Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Gompel
- Fakultät für Biologie, Biozentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Amir Yassin
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie (EGCE), UMR 9191, CNRS,IRD, Univ.Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, Cedex, France.,Institut de Systématique, Evolution et Biodiversité, UMR7205, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Mark Rebeiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Madsen J, Schreven KHT, Jensen GH, Johnson FA, Nilsson L, Nolet BA, Pessa J. Rapid formation of new migration route and breeding area by Arctic geese. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1162-1170.e4. [PMID: 36863340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Many Arctic-breeding animals are at risk from local extirpation associated with habitat constriction and alterations in phenology in their Arctic environment as a result of rapid global warming.1 Migratory species face additional increasing anthropogenic pressures along their migratory routes such as habitat destruction, droughts, creation of barriers, and overexploitation.2,3 Such species can only persist if they adjust their migration, timing of breeding, and range.4 Here, we document both the abrupt (∼10 years) formation of a new migration route and a disjunct breeding population of the pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus) on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, almost 1,000 km away from the original breeding grounds in Svalbard. The population has grown to 3,000-4,000 birds, explained by intrinsic growth and continued immigration from the original route. The colonization was enabled by recent warming on Novaya Zemlya. We propose that social behavior of geese, resulting in cultural transmission of migration behavior among conspecifics as well as in mixed-species flocks, is key to this fast development and acts as a mechanism enabling ecological rescue in a rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Madsen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 8, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Kees H T Schreven
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, NL-6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, NL-1090 GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gitte H Jensen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 8, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fred A Johnson
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 8, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leif Nilsson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bart A Nolet
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, NL-6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, NL-1090 GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jorma Pessa
- Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment, PB 86, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland
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25
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Baeckens S, Losos JB, Irschick DJ, Kolbe JJ, Bock DG. Introduction history and hybridization determine the hydric balance of an invasive lizard facing a recent climate niche shift. Evolution 2023; 77:123-137. [PMID: 36625679 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As anthropogenic activities are increasing the frequency and severity of droughts, understanding whether and how fast populations can adapt to sudden changes in their hydric environment is critically important. Here, we capitalize on the introduction of the Cuban brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei) in North America to assess the contemporary evolution of a widespread terrestrial vertebrate to an abrupt climatic niche shift. We characterized hydric balance in 30 populations along a large climatic gradient. We found that while evaporative and cutaneous water loss varied widely, there was no climatic cline, as would be expected under adaptation. Furthermore, the skin of lizards from more arid environments was covered with smaller scales, a condition thought to limit water conservation and thus be maladaptive. In contrast to environmental conditions, genome-averaged ancestry was a significant predictor of water loss. This was reinforced by our genome-wide association analyses, which indicated a significant ancestry-specific effect for water loss at one locus. Thus, our study indicates that the water balance of invasive brown anoles is dictated by an environment-independent introduction and hybridization history and highlights genetic interactions or genetic correlations as factors that might forestall adaptation. Alternative water conservation strategies, including behavioral mitigation, may influence the brown anole invasion success and require future examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Baeckens
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Functional Morphology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonathan B Losos
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Duncan J Irschick
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Jason J Kolbe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Dan G Bock
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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26
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Li X, Klauschies T, Yang W, Yang Z, Gaedke U. Trait adaptation enhances species coexistence and reduces bistability in an intraguild predation module. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9749. [PMID: 36703712 PMCID: PMC9871339 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Disentangling how species coexist in an intraguild predation (IGP) module is a great step toward understanding biodiversity conservation in complex natural food webs. Trait variation enabling individual species to adjust to ambient conditions may facilitate coexistence. However, it is still unclear how coadaptation of all species within the IGP module, constrained by complex trophic interactions and trade-offs among species-specific traits, interactively affects species coexistence and population dynamics. We developed an adaptive IGP model allowing prey and predator species to mutually adjust their species-specific defensive and offensive strategies to each other. We investigated species persistence, the temporal variation of population dynamics, and the occurrence of bistability in IGP models without and with trait adaptation along a gradient of enrichment represented by carrying capacity of the basal prey for different widths and speeds of trait adaptation within each species. Results showed that trait adaptation within multiple species greatly enhanced the coexistence of all three species in the module. A larger width of trait adaptation facilitated species coexistence independent of the speed of trait adaptation at lower enrichment levels, while a sufficiently large and fast trait adaptation promoted species coexistence at higher enrichment levels. Within the oscillating regime, increasing the speed of trait adaptation reduced the temporal variability of biomasses of all species. Finally, species coadaptation strongly reduced the presence of bistability and promoted the attractor with all three species coexisting. These findings resolve the contradiction between the widespread occurrence of IGP in nature and the theoretical predictions that IGP should only occur under restricted conditions and lead to unstable population dynamics, which broadens the mechanisms presumably underlying the maintenance of IGP modules in nature. Generally, this study demonstrates a decisive role of mutual adaptation among complex trophic interactions, for enhancing interspecific diversity and stabilizing food web dynamics, arising, for example, from intraspecific diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and ResourcesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina,State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)GuangzhouChina
| | - Toni Klauschies
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem ModellingInstitute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina,Yellow River Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research StationMinistry of EducationShandongChina
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and ResourcesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina,State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)GuangzhouChina
| | - Ursula Gaedke
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem ModellingInstitute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
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27
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Smith S, Mohamed A, Amaral JR, Kusi N, Smith A, Gordon SP, López-Sepulcre A. Rapid evolution of diet choice in an introduced population of Trinidadian guppies. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20220443. [PMID: 36693425 PMCID: PMC9873468 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Eco-evolutionary theory has brought an interest in the rapid evolution of functional traits. Among them, diet is an important determinant of ecosystem structure, affecting food web dynamics and nutrient cycling. However, it is largely unknown whether diet, or diet preference, has a hereditary basis and can evolve on contemporary timescales. Here, we study the diet preferences of Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata collected from directly below an introduction site of fish transplanted from a high-predation environment into a low predation site where their densities and competition increased. Behavioural assays on F2 common garden descendants of the ancestral and derived populations showed that diet preference has rapidly evolved in the introduced population in only 12 years (approx. 36 generations). Specifically, we show that the preference for high-quality food generally found in high-predation guppies is lost in the newly derived low-predation population, who show an inertia toward the first encountered food. This result is predicted by theory stating that organisms should evolve less selective diets under higher competition. Demonstrating that diet preference can show rapid and adaptive evolution is important to our understanding of eco-evolutionary feedbacks and the role of evolution in ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna Smith
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Amina Mohamed
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jeferson Ribeiro Amaral
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nana Kusi
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Alexander Smith
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Swanne P. Gordon
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrés López-Sepulcre
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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28
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Osborne MJ, Caeiro-Dias G, Turner TF. Transitioning from microsatellites to SNP-based microhaplotypes in genetic monitoring programmes: Lessons from paired data spanning 20 years. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:316-334. [PMID: 36321869 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many long-term genetic monitoring programmes began before next-generation sequencing became widely available. Older programmes can now transition to new marker systems usually consisting of 1000s of SNP loci, but there are still important questions about comparability, precision, and accuracy of key metrics estimated using SNPs. Ideally, transitioned programmes should capitalize on new information without sacrificing continuity of inference across the time series. We combined existing microsatellite-based genetic monitoring information with SNP-based microhaplotypes obtained from archived samples of Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus) across a 20-year time series to evaluate point estimates and trajectories of key genetic metrics. Demographic and genetic monitoring bracketed multiple collapses of the wild population and included cases where captive-born repatriates comprised the majority of spawners in the wild. Even with smaller sample sizes, microhaplotypes yielded comparable and in some cases more precise estimates of variance genetic effective population size, multilocus heterozygosity and inbreeding compared to microsatellites because many more microhaplotype loci were available. Microhaplotypes also recorded shifts in allele frequencies associated with population bottlenecks. Trends in microhaplotype-based inbreeding metrics were associated with the fraction of hatchery-reared repatriates to the wild and should be incorporated into future genomic monitoring. Although differences in accuracy and precision of some metrics were observed between marker types, biological inferences and management recommendations were consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Osborne
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Guilherme Caeiro-Dias
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Thomas F Turner
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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29
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Yang W, Shen Y, Lin Z, Zhang S, Song G. Duplicate genes as sources for rapid adaptive evolution of sperm under environmental pollution in tree sparrow. Mol Ecol 2022; 32:1673-1684. [PMID: 36567644 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollution can result in poor sperm quality either directly or indirectly in birds. However, adaptive and compensatory sperm morphology changes and motility improvements have rapidly evolved in tree sparrows (Passer montanus) inhabiting polluted areas over the past 65 years. To identify the genetic underpinnings of the rapidly evolving sperm phenotype, we carried out population genomics and transcriptomics on tree sparrow populations in the two differently polluted places. We identified a gene encoding the serine/threonine protein kinase PIM1, which may drive rapid phenotypic evolution of sperm. An unprecedented and remarkable expansion of the PIM gene family, caused by tandem and segmental duplication of PIM1, was subsequently observed in the tree sparrow genome. Most PIM1 duplicates showed a testis-specific expression pattern, suggesting that their functions are related to male reproduction. Furthermore, the elevated expression level of PIM1 was consistent with our earlier findings of longer and faster swimming sperm in polluted sites, indicating an important role for duplicated PIM1 in facilitating the rapid evolution of sperm. Our results suggest that duplicated PIM1 provides sources of genetic variation that may enable the rapid evolution of sperm under environmental heavy metal pollution. The findings of this study indicated that duplicated genes can be targets of selection and predominant sources for rapid adaptation to environmental change and shed light on sperm evolution under pollution stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaocun Lin
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
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30
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Evans BJ, Mudd AB, Bredeson JV, Furman BLS, Wasonga DV, Lyons JB, Harland RM, Rokhsar DS. New insights into Xenopus sex chromosome genomics from the Marsabit clawed frog X. borealis. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:1777-1790. [PMID: 36054077 PMCID: PMC9722552 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In many groups, sex chromosomes change frequently but the drivers of their rapid evolution are varied and often poorly characterized. With an aim of further understanding sex chromosome turnover, we investigated the polymorphic sex chromosomes of the Marsabit clawed frog, Xenopus borealis, using genomic data and a new chromosome-scale genome assembly. We confirmed previous findings that 54.1 Mb of chromosome 8L is sex-linked in animals from east Kenya and a laboratory strain, but most (or all) of this region is not sex-linked in natural populations from west Kenya. Previous work suggests possible degeneration of the Z chromosomes in the east population because many sex-linked transcripts of this female heterogametic population have female-biased expression, and we therefore expected this chromosome to not be present in the west population. In contrast, our simulations support a model where most or all of the sex-linked portion of the Z chromosome from the east acquired autosomal segregation in the west, and where much genetic variation specific to the large sex-linked portion of the W chromosome from the east is not present in the west. These recent changes are consistent with the hot-potato model, wherein sex chromosome turnover is favoured by natural selection if it purges a (minimally) degenerate sex-specific sex chromosome, but counterintuitively suggest natural selection failed to purge a Z chromosome that has signs of more advanced and possibly more ancient regulatory degeneration. These findings highlight complex evolutionary dynamics of young, rapidly evolving Xenopus sex chromosomes and set the stage for mechanistic work aimed at pinpointing additional sex-determining genes in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Evans
- Biology Department, Life Sciences Building Room 328, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Austin B Mudd
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jessen V Bredeson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Benjamin L S Furman
- Biology Department, Life Sciences Building Room 328, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Canexia Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Jessica B Lyons
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Richard M Harland
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Dan S Rokhsar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan
- Chan-Zuckerberg BioHub, San Francisco, California, USA
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31
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Johnson SE, Hamann E, Franks SJ. Rapid-cycling Brassica rapa evolves even earlier flowering under experimental drought. Am J Bot 2022; 109:1683-1692. [PMID: 35587234 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Changes in climate can impose selection on populations and may lead to rapid evolution. One such climatic stress is drought, which plant populations may respond to with escape (rapid growth and early flowering) or avoidance (slow growth and efficient water-use). However, it is unclear if drought escape would be a viable strategy for populations that already flower early from prior selection. METHODS In an experimental evolution study, we subjected rapid-cycling Brassica rapa (RCBr), which was previously selected for early flowering, to four generations of experimental drought or watered conditions. We then grew ancestral and descendant populations concurrently under drought and watered conditions to assess evolution, plasticity, and adaptation. RESULTS The RCBr populations that evolved under drought had earlier flowering and lower water-use efficiency than the populations that evolved under watered conditions, indicating evolutionary divergence. The drought descendants also had a trend of earlier flowering compared to ancestors, indicating evolution. Evolution of earlier flowering under drought followed the direction of selection and increased fitness and was consistent with studies in natural and experimental populations of this species, suggesting adaptive evolution. CONCLUSIONS We found rapid adaptive evolution of drought escape in RCBr and little evidence for constraints on flowering time evolution, even though RCBr already flowers extremely early. Our results suggest that some populations may harbor sufficient genetic variation for evolution even after strong selection has occurred. Our study also illustrates the utility of combining artificial selection, experimental evolution, and the resurrection approach to study the evolution of functional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - Elena Hamann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - Steven J Franks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
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32
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Brandenburger CR, Maslen B, Sherwin WB, Moles AT. Weedy and seedy: the rapid evolution of life-history characteristics in an introduced daisy. AoB Plants 2022; 14:plac038. [PMID: 36092025 PMCID: PMC9449359 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of life-history characteristics in determining a species' success, we still lack basic information about some fundamental life-history elements found across the life cycle of introduced plants. Our study assesses rapid evolutionary divergence in life-history characteristics of the beach daisy Arctotheca populifolia by comparing introduced Australian and source South African plants and measuring eight key variables including seed mass, germination, reproductive output and survival. This is the first study that compares the life history of an introduced plant species with its single original source population, providing a precise and powerful method for detecting evolutionary divergence. We found that introduced A. populifolia has evolved a suite of weedy life-history characteristics in less than 90 years: the introduced plants use a live-fast die-young strategy of germination and survival and produce significantly more inflorescences and more seeds that germinate faster. This knowledge adds to the remarkable data that we already have on the rapid evolutionary divergence occurring in the morphology, physiology and defence of this introduced plant and highlights the speed and scope of evolutionary divergence possible in plants. To fully understand and manage the future of our plant species, we must consider their potential for ongoing change in key aspects of life history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Maslen
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - William B Sherwin
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Angela T Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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33
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Sandner TM, Gemeinholzer B, Lemmer J, Matthies D, Ensslin A. Continuous inbreeding affects genetic variation, phenology, and reproductive strategy in ex situ cultivated Digitalis lutea. Am J Bot 2022; 109:1545-1559. [PMID: 36164840 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Ex situ cultivation is important for plant conservation, but cultivation in small populations may result in genetic changes by drift, inbreeding, or unconscious selection. Repeated inbreeding potentially influences not only plant fitness, but also floral traits and interactions with pollinators, which has not yet been studied in an ex situ context. METHODS We studied the molecular genetic variation of Digitalis lutea from a botanic garden population cultivated for 30 years, a frozen seed bank conserving the original genetic structure, and two current wild populations including the source population. In a common garden, we studied the effects of experimental inbreeding and between-population crosses on performance, reproductive traits, and flower visitation of plants from the garden and a wild population. RESULTS Significant genetic differentiation was found between the garden population and the wild population from which the seeds had originally been gathered. After experimental selfing, inbreeding depression was only found for germination and leaf size of plants from the wild population, indicating a history of inbreeding in the smaller garden population. Moreover, garden plants flowered earlier and had floral traits related to selfing, whereas wild plants had traits related to attracting pollinators. Bumblebees visited more flowers of outbred than inbred plants and of wild than garden plants. CONCLUSIONS Our case study suggests that high levels of inbreeding during ex situ cultivation can influence reproductive traits and thus interactions with pollinators. Together with the effects of genetic erosion and unconscious selection, these changes may affect the success of reintroductions into natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Sandner
- Plant Ecology, Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Diethart Matthies
- Plant Ecology, Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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34
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Yamamichi M, Gibbs T, Levine JM. Integrating eco-evolutionary dynamics and modern coexistence theory. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2091-2106. [PMID: 35962483 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Community ecology typically assumes that competitive exclusion and species coexistence are unaffected by evolution on the time scale of ecological dynamics. However, recent studies suggest that rapid evolution operating concurrently with competition may enable species coexistence. Such findings necessitate general theory that incorporates the coexistence contributions of eco-evolutionary processes in parallel with purely ecological mechanisms and provides metrics for quantifying the role of evolution in shaping competitive outcomes in both modelling and empirical contexts. To foster the development of such theory, here we extend the interpretation of the two principal metrics of modern coexistence theory-niche and competitive ability differences-to systems where competitors evolve. We define eco-evolutionary versions of these metrics by considering how invading and resident species adapt to conspecific and heterospecific competitors. We show that the eco-evolutionary niche and competitive ability differences are sums of ecological and evolutionary processes, and that they accurately predict the potential for stable coexistence in previous theoretical studies of eco-evolutionary dynamics. Finally, we show how this theory frames recent empirical assessments of rapid evolution effects on species coexistence, and how empirical work and theory on species coexistence and eco-evolutionary dynamics can be further integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yamamichi
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Theo Gibbs
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jonathan M Levine
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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35
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Woods EC, Sultan SE. Post-introduction evolution of a rapid life-history strategy in a newly invasive plant. Ecology 2022; 103:e3803. [PMID: 35796712 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A central question in invasion biology is whether adaptive trait evolution following species introduction promotes invasiveness. A growing number of common-garden experiments document phenotypic differences between native- and introduced-range plants, suggesting that adaptive evolution in the new range may indeed contribute to the success of invasive plants. Yet these studies are often subject to methodological pitfalls, resulting in weak evidence for post-introduction adaptive trait evolution and leaving uncertain its role in the invasion process. In a common-garden glasshouse study, we compared the growth, life-history, and reproductive traits of 35 native- and introduced-range Polygonum cespitosum populations. We used complementary approaches including climate-matching, standardizing parental conditions, selection analysis, and testing for trait-environment relationships to determine whether traits that increase invasiveness adaptively evolved in the species' new range. We found that the majority of introduced-range populations exhibited a novel trait syndrome consisting of a fast-paced life history and concomitant sparse, reduced growth form. Selection analysis confirmed that this trait syndrome led to markedly higher fitness (propagule production) over a limited growing season characteristic of regions within the introduced range. Additionally, several growth and reproductive traits showed temperature-based clines consistent with adaptive evolution in the new range. Combined, these results indicate that, subsequent to its introduction to North America over 100 generations ago, P. cespitosum has evolved key traits that maximize propagule production. These changes may in part explain the species' recent transition to invasiveness, illustrating how post-introduction evolution may contribute to the invasion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Woods
- Biology Dept., Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sonia E Sultan
- Biology Dept., Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, USA
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Rauschkolb R, Li Z, Godefroid S, Dixon L, Durka W, Májeková M, Bossdorf O, Ensslin A, Scheepens JF. Evolution of plant drought strategies and herbivore tolerance after two decades of climate change. New Phytol 2022; 235:773-785. [PMID: 35357713 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global warming, coupled with increased drought frequencies, together with other biotic drivers may have resulted in complex evolutionary adaptation. The resurrection approach, comparing ancestors raised from stored seeds with their contemporary descendants under common conditions, is a powerful method to test for recent evolution in plant populations. We used 21-26-yr-old seeds of four European plant species - Matthiola tricuspidata, Plantago crassifolia, Clinopodium vulgare and Leontodon hispidus - stored in seed banks together with re-collected seeds from their wild populations. To test for evolutionary changes, we conducted a glasshouse experiment that quantified heritable changes in plant responses to drought and simulated insect herbivory. In three out of the four studied species, we found evidence that descendants had evolved shorter life cycles through faster growth and flowering. Shifts in the osmotic potential and leaf dry matter content indicated that descendants also evolved increased drought tolerance. A comparison of quantitative genetic differentiation (QST ) vs neutral molecular differentiation (FST ) values, using double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) genotyping data, suggested that directional selection, and therefore adaptive evolution, was underlying some of the observed phenotypic changes. In summary, our study revealed evolutionary changes in plant populations over the last decades that are consistent with adaptation of drought escape and tolerance as well as herbivory avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rauschkolb
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biodiversity, Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany, Philosophenweg 16, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Zixin Li
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Lara Dixon
- Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen de Porquerolles, 34 avenue Gambetta, 83400, Hyères, France
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Májeková
- Plant Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ensslin
- Conservatory and Botanic Garden of the City of Geneva, 1296, Chambésy, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J F Scheepens
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Shields MW, Wratten SD, Phillips CB, Van Koten C, Goldson SL. Plant-Mediated Behavioural Avoidance of a Weevil Towards Its Biological Control Agent. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:923237. [PMID: 35812948 PMCID: PMC9260660 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.923237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New Zealand pastures largely comprising Lolium ryegrass species (Poales: Poaceae) are worth $19.6B and are subject to major pest impacts. A very severe pest is the Argentine stem weevil Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). This has been previously suppressed by the importation biological control agent, Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). However, this suppression has recently declined and is subject to investigation. It has been hypothesised that grass type influences the parasitism avoidance behaviour by the weevil and thus parasitism rates. This study explored the hypothesis using three common pasture grasses: a diploid Lolium perenne x Lolium multiflorum hybrid ryegrass (cv. Manawa), a tetraploid Italian ryegrass L. multiflorum Lam. (cv. Tama), and a diploid perennial ryegrass L. perenne L. (cv. Samson). The described laboratory-based microcosm methodology determined the extent of weevil avoidance behaviour on each of these three grasses when subjected to the parasitoid. Such reaction was gauged by the extent of reduced weevil on-plant presence and feeding compared to the control populations. In the absence of the parasitoid, the hybrid cv. Manawa ryegrass is as highly favoured by the weevil as the tetraploid cv. Tama. On diploid cv. Samson, feeding is considerably less. In the presence of the parasitoid, weevils on the tetraploid cv. Tama plants showed little avoidance activity in response to the parasitoid and it can be argued that the benefits of staying on this plant outweighed the possibility of parasitism. Conversely and surprisingly, in the parasitoid's presence, weevils on diploid cv. Manawa showed very strong avoidance behaviour leading to levels of exposure similar to those found on the less-preferred diploid cv. Samson. These findings reflect how weevil parasitism rates have declined in most Lolium grasses, particularly diploids, since the 1990s, but not in the tetraploid L. multiflorum. This contribution supports the hypothesis that the decline in weevil parasitism rates has been the result of rapid evolution arising from parasitoid-induced selection pressure and the countervailing effect of the nutritional quality of the host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan W. Shields
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Steve D. Wratten
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Craig B. Phillips
- Weeds, Pests and Biosecurity Group, AgResearch Ltd., Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Chikako Van Koten
- Knowledge and Analytics Science Group, AgResearch Ltd., Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Stephen L. Goldson
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
- Weeds, Pests and Biosecurity Group, AgResearch Ltd., Lincoln, New Zealand
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38
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L E E CE, Downey K, Colby RS, Freire CA, Nichols S, Burgess MN, Judy KJ. Recognizing salinity threats in the climate crisis. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:441-460. [PMID: 35640911 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is causing habitat salinity to transform at unprecedented rates across the globe. While much of the research on climate change has focused on rapid shifts in temperature, far less attention has focused on the effects of changes in environmental salinity. Consequently, predictive studies on the physiological, evolutionary, and migratory responses of organisms and populations to the threats of salinity change are relatively lacking. This omission represents a major oversight, given that salinity is among the most important factors that define biogeographic boundaries in aquatic habitats. In this perspective, we briefly touch on responses of organisms and populations to rapid changes in salinity occurring on contemporary time scales. We then discuss factors that might confer resilience to certain taxa, enabling them to survive rapid salinity shifts. Next, we consider approaches for predicting how geographic distributions will shift in response to salinity change. Finally, we identify additional data that are needed to make better predictions in the future. Future studies on climate change should account for the multiple environmental factors that are rapidly changing, especially habitat salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Eunmi L E E
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kala Downey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Rebecca Smith Colby
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Carolina A Freire
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sarah Nichols
- Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Michael N Burgess
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Kathryn J Judy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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39
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Eyck HJF, Brown GP, Rollins LA, Shine R. In an arms race between host and parasite, a lungworm's ability to infect a toad is determined by host susceptibility not parasite preference. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20210552. [PMID: 35259944 PMCID: PMC8905180 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary arms races can alter both parasite infectivity and host resistance, and it is difficult to separate the effects of these twin determinants of infection outcomes. We used a co-introduced, invasive host-parasite system (the lungworm Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala and cane toads Rhinella marina), where rapid adaptation and dispersal have led to population differences in infection resistance. We quantified behavioural responses of parasite larvae to skin-chemical cues of toads from different invasive populations, and rates at which juvenile hosts became infected following standardized exposure to lungworms. Chemical cues from toad skin altered host-seeking behaviour by parasites, similarly among populations. The number of infection attempts (parasite larvae entering the host's body) also did not differ between populations, but rates of successful infection (establishment of adult worm in host lungs) were higher for range-edge toads than for range-core conspecifics. Thus, lower resistance to parasite infection in range-edge juvenile toads appears to be due to less effective immune defences of the host rather than differential behavioural responses of the parasite. In this ongoing host-parasite arms race, changing outcomes appear to be driven by shifts in host immunocompetence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison J F Eyck
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Gregory P Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lee A Rollins
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
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40
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Pélissié B, Chen YH, Cohen ZP, Crossley MS, Hawthorne DJ, Izzo V, Schoville SD. Genome resequencing reveals rapid, repeated evolution in the Colorado potato beetle. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6511499. [PMID: 35044459 PMCID: PMC8826761 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecticide resistance and rapid pest evolution threatens food security and the development of sustainable agricultural practices, yet the evolutionary mechanisms that allow pests to rapidly adapt to control tactics remains unclear. Here we examine how a global super-pest, the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata, rapidly evolves resistance to insecticides. Using whole genome resequencing and transcriptomic data focused on its ancestral and pest range in North America, we assess evidence for three, non-mutually exclusive models of rapid evolution: pervasive selection on novel mutations, rapid regulatory evolution, and repeated selection on standing genetic variation. Population genomic analysis demonstrates that CPB is geographically structured, even among recently established pest populations. Pest populations exhibit similar levels of nucleotide diversity, relative to non-pest populations, and show evidence of recent expansion. Genome scans provide clear signatures of repeated adaptation across CPB populations, with especially strong evidence of selection on insecticide resistance genes in different populations. Analyses of gene expression show that constitutive upregulation of candidate insecticide resistance genes drives distinctive population patterns. CPB evolves insecticide resistance repeatedly across agricultural regions, leveraging similar genetic pathways but different genes, demonstrating a polygenic trait architecture for insecticide resistance that can evolve from standing genetic variation. Despite expectations, we do not find support for strong selection on novel mutations, or rapid evolution from selection on regulatory genes. These results suggest that integrated pest management practices must mitigate the evolution of polygenic resistance phenotypes among local pest populations, in order to maintain the efficacy and sustainability of novel control techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pélissié
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yolanda H Chen
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Zachary P Cohen
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael S Crossley
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David J Hawthorne
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Victor Izzo
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Sean D Schoville
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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41
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Sanderson S, Beausoleil MO, O'Dea RE, Wood ZT, Correa C, Frankel V, Gorné LD, Haines GE, Kinnison MT, Oke KB, Pelletier F, Pérez-Jvostov F, Reyes-Corral WD, Ritchot Y, Sorbara F, Gotanda KM, Hendry AP. The pace of modern life, revisited. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:1028-1043. [PMID: 34902193 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Wild populations must continuously respond to environmental changes or they risk extinction. Those responses can be measured as phenotypic rates of change, which can allow us to predict contemporary adaptive responses, some of which are evolutionary. About two decades ago, a database of phenotypic rates of change in wild populations was compiled. Since then, researchers have used (and expanded) this database to examine phenotypic responses to specific types of human disturbance. Here, we update the database by adding 5675 new estimates of phenotypic change. Using this newer version of the data base, now containing 7338 estimates of phenotypic change, we revisit the conclusions of four published articles. We then synthesize the expanded database to compare rates of change across different types of human disturbance. Analyses of this expanded database suggest that: (i) a small absolute difference in rates of change exists between human disturbed and natural populations, (ii) harvesting by humans results in higher rates of change than other types of disturbance, (iii) introduced populations have increased rates of change, and (iv) body size does not increase through time. Thus, findings from earlier analyses have largely held-up in analyses of our new database that encompass a much larger breadth of species, traits, and human disturbances. Lastly, we use new analyses to explore how various types of human disturbances affect rates of phenotypic change, and we call for this database to serve as a steppingstone for further analyses to understand patterns of contemporary phenotypic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sanderson
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Rose E O'Dea
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zachary T Wood
- School of Biology and Ecology and Maine Center for Genetics in the Environment, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Cristian Correa
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Instituto de Conservación Biodiversidad y Territorio, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro de Humedales Río Cruces, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Victor Frankel
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lucas D Gorné
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, IMBiV, Córdoba, Argentina.,Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Grant E Haines
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael T Kinnison
- School of Biology and Ecology and Maine Center for Genetics in the Environment, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Krista B Oke
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, Alaska, USA
| | - Fanie Pelletier
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, Alaska, USA
| | - Felipe Pérez-Jvostov
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Winer D Reyes-Corral
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yanny Ritchot
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, Alaska, USA
| | - Freedom Sorbara
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kiyoko M Gotanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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42
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Johnson SE, Hamann E, Franks SJ. Rapid, parallel evolution of field mustard (Brassica rapa) under experimental drought. Evolution 2021; 76:262-274. [PMID: 34878171 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is driving evolutionary and plastic responses in populations, but predicting these responses remains challenging. Studies that combine experimental evolution with ancestor-descendant comparisons allow assessment of the causes, parallelism, and adaptive nature of evolutionary responses, although such studies remain rare, particularly in a climate change context. Here, we created experimental populations of Brassica rapa derived from the same natural population and exposed these replicated populations to experimental drought or watered conditions for four generations. We then grew ancestors and descendants concurrently, following the resurrection approach. Experimental populations under drought showed rapid evolution of earlier flowering time and increased specific leaf area, consistent with a drought escape strategy and observations in natural populations. Evolutionary shifts followed the direction of selection and increased fitness under drought, indicative of adaptive evolution. Evolution to drought also occurred largely in parallel among replicate populations. Further, traits showed phenotypic plasticity to drought, but the direction and effect size of plasticity varied. Our results demonstrate parallel evolution to experimental drought, suggesting that evolution to strong, consistent selection may be predictable. Broadly, our study demonstrates the utility of combining experimental evolution with the resurrection approach to investigate responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, 10458
| | - Elena Hamann
- Department of Biological Sciences and Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, 10458
| | - Steven J Franks
- Department of Biological Sciences and Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, 10458
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43
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Grainger TN, Levine JM. Rapid evolution of life-history traits in response to warming, predation and competition: A meta-analysis. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:541-554. [PMID: 34850533 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although studies quantifying evolutionary change in response to the selective pressures that organisms face in the wild have demonstrated that organisms can evolve rapidly, we lack a systematic assessment of the frequency, magnitude and direction of rapid evolutionary change across taxa. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of 58 studies that document the effects of warming, predation or competition on the evolution of body size, development rate or fecundity in natural or experimental animal populations. We tested whether there was a consistent effect of any selective agent on any trait, whether the direction of these effects align with theoretical predictions, and whether the three agents select in opposing directions on any trait. Overall, we found weak effects of all three selective agents on trait evolution: none of our nine traits by selective agent combinations had an overall effect that differed from zero, only 31% of studies had a significant within-study effect, and attributes of the included studies generally did not account for between-study variation in results. One notable exception was that predation targeting adults consistently resulted in the evolution of smaller prey body size. We discuss potential causes of these generally weak responses and consider how our results inform the ongoing development of eco-evolutionary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Nahanni Grainger
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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44
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Ding X, Cao L, Zheng Y, Zhou X, He X, Xu S, Ren W. Insights into the Evolution of Spermatogenesis-Related Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Genes in Abdominal Testicular Laurasiatherians. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1780. [PMID: 34828386 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development in mammals, the testicles generally descend into the scrotum, making the testicular temperature 2–4 °C lower than the core temperature via heat exchange and clearance, and thus more beneficial for normal spermatogenesis. Failure to descend, known as cryptorchidism, carries a series of risks such as infertility and testicular cancer. However, some mammals have evolved abdominal testes while maintaining healthy reproduction. To explore the underlying molecular mechanism, we conducted comparative genomic analyses and functional assays on the spermatogenesis-related ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) genes essential to sperm formation in representative laurasiatherians. Here, positive selection and rapid evolution of spermatogenesis-related UPS genes were identified in the abdominal testicular laurasiatherians. Moreover, potential convergent amino acids were found between distantly related species with similar abdominal testicles and functional analyses showed RNF8 (V437I) in abdominal testicular species (437I) has a stronger ubiquitination ability, which suggests that the mammals with abdominal testes might exhibit enhanced sperm cell histone clearance to maintain sperm formation. This evidence implies that, in response to “cryptorchidism injury”, spermatogenesis-related UPS genes in the abdominal testicular species might have undergone adaptive evolution to stabilize sperm formation. Thus, our study could provide some novel insights into the reproductive adaptation in abdominal testicular mammals.
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Papadopulos AST, Helmstetter AJ, Osborne OG, Comeault AA, Wood DP, Straw EA, Mason L, Fay MF, Parker J, Dunning LT, Foote AD, Smith RJ, Lighten J. Rapid Parallel Adaptation to Anthropogenic Heavy Metal Pollution. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:3724-3736. [PMID: 33950261 PMCID: PMC8382892 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of human-mediated environmental change on the evolutionary trajectories of wild organisms is poorly understood. In particular, capacity of species to adapt rapidly (in hundreds of generations or less), reproducibly and predictably to extreme environmental change is unclear. Silene uniflora is predominantly a coastal species, but it has also colonized isolated, disused mines with phytotoxic, zinc-contaminated soils. To test whether rapid, parallel adaptation to anthropogenic pollution has taken place, we used reduced representation sequencing (ddRAD) to reconstruct the evolutionary history of geographically proximate mine and coastal population pairs and found largely independent colonization of mines from different coastal sites. Furthermore, our results show that parallel evolution of zinc tolerance has occurred without gene flow spreading adaptive alleles between mine populations. In genomic regions where signatures of selection were detected across multiple mine-coast pairs, we identified genes with functions linked to physiological differences between the putative ecotypes, although genetic differentiation at specific loci is only partially shared between mine populations. Our results are consistent with a complex, polygenic genetic architecture underpinning rapid adaptation. This shows that even under a scenario of strong selection and rapid adaptation, evolutionary responses to human activities (and other environmental challenges) may be idiosyncratic at the genetic level and, therefore, difficult to predict from genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S T Papadopulos
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Bangor, Environment Centre Wales, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Helmstetter
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
- FRB-CESAB, Institut Bouisson Bertrand, Rue de l'École de Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Owen G Osborne
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Bangor, Environment Centre Wales, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron A Comeault
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Bangor, Environment Centre Wales, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel P Wood
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Bangor, Environment Centre Wales, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Edward A Straw
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Behaviour, Department of Biological Sciences, School for Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael F Fay
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Joe Parker
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Luke T Dunning
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Foote
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Bangor, Environment Centre Wales, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
- Department of Natural History, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rhian J Smith
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie Lighten
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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46
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Foster BJ, McCulloch GA, Vogel MFS, Ingram T, Waters JM. Anthropogenic evolution in an insect wing polymorphism following widespread deforestation. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20210069. [PMID: 34376076 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic environmental change can underpin major shifts in natural selective regimes, and can thus alter the evolutionary trajectories of wild populations. However, little is known about the evolutionary impacts of deforestation-one of the most pervasive human-driven changes to terrestrial ecosystems globally. Absence of forest cover (i.e. exposure) has been suggested to play a role in selecting for insect flightlessness in montane ecosystems. Here, we capitalize on human-driven variation in alpine treeline elevation in New Zealand to test whether anthropogenic deforestation has caused shifts in the distributions of flight-capable and flightless phenotypes in a wing-polymorphic lineage of stoneflies from the Zelandoperla fenestrata species complex. Transect sampling revealed sharp transitions from flight-capable to flightless populations with increasing elevation. However, these phenotypic transitions were consistently delineated by the elevation of local treelines, rather than by absolute elevation, providing a novel example of human-driven evolution in response to recent deforestation. The inferred rapid shifts to flightlessness in newly deforested regions have implications for the evolution and conservation of invertebrate biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brodie J Foster
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Marianne F S Vogel
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Institut Agro, Rennes, France
| | - Travis Ingram
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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47
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Vicente S, Máguas C, Richardson DM, Trindade H, Wilson JRU, Le Roux JJ. Highly diverse and highly successful: invasive Australian acacias have not experienced genetic bottlenecks globally. Ann Bot 2021; 128:149-157. [PMID: 33876193 PMCID: PMC8324033 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Invasive species may undergo rapid evolution despite very limited standing genetic diversity. This so-called genetic paradox of biological invasions assumes that an invasive species has experienced (and survived) a genetic bottleneck and then underwent local adaptation in the new range. In this study, we test how often Australian acacias (genus Acacia), one of the world's most problematic invasive tree groups, have experienced genetic bottlenecks and inbreeding. METHODS We collated genetic data from 51 different genetic studies on Acacia species to compare genetic diversity between native and invasive populations. These studies analysed 37 different Acacia species, with genetic data from the invasive ranges of 11 species, and data from the native range for 36 species (14 of these 36 species are known to be invasive somewhere in the world, and the other 22 are not known to be invasive). KEY RESULTS Levels of genetic diversity are similar in native and invasive populations, and there is little evidence of invasive populations being extensively inbred. Levels of genetic diversity in native range populations also did not differ significantly between species that have and that do not have invasive populations. CONCLUSION We attribute our findings to the impressive movement, introduction effort and human usage of Australian acacias around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vicente
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David M Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Helena Trindade
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - John R U Wilson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Johannes J Le Roux
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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48
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Mounger J, Ainouche ML, Bossdorf O, Cavé-Radet A, Li B, Parepa M, Salmon A, Yang J, Richards CL. Epigenetics and the success of invasive plants. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200117. [PMID: 33866809 PMCID: PMC8059582 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions impose ecological and economic problems on a global scale, but also provide extraordinary opportunities for studying contemporary evolution. It is critical to understand the evolutionary processes that underly invasion success in order to successfully manage existing invaders, and to prevent future invasions. As successful invasive species sometimes are suspected to rapidly adjust to their new environments in spite of very low genetic diversity, we are obliged to re-evaluate genomic-level processes that translate into phenotypic diversity. In this paper, we review work that supports the idea that trait variation, within and among invasive populations, can be created through epigenetic or other non-genetic processes, particularly in clonal invaders where somatic changes can persist indefinitely. We consider several processes that have been implicated as adaptive in invasion success, focusing on various forms of 'genomic shock' resulting from exposure to environmental stress, hybridization and whole-genome duplication (polyploidy), and leading to various patterns of gene expression re-programming and epigenetic changes that contribute to phenotypic variation or even novelty. These mechanisms can contribute to transgressive phenotypes, including hybrid vigour and novel traits, and may thus help to understand the huge successes of some plant invaders, especially those that are genetically impoverished. This article is part of the theme issue 'How does epigenetics influence the course of evolution?'
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannie Mounger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33617, USA
| | - Malika L. Ainouche
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, OSUR, Université de Rennes 1, Campus Scientifique de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Armand Cavé-Radet
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, OSUR, Université de Rennes 1, Campus Scientifique de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bo Li
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Madalin Parepa
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Armel Salmon
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, OSUR, Université de Rennes 1, Campus Scientifique de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Ji Yang
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Christina L. Richards
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33617, USA
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Stahlke AR, Epstein B, Barbosa S, Margres MJ, Patton AH, Hendricks SA, Veillet A, Fraik AK, Schönfeld B, McCallum HI, Hamede R, Jones ME, Storfer A, Hohenlohe PA. Contemporary and historical selection in Tasmanian devils ( Sarcophilus harrisii) support novel, polygenic response to transmissible cancer. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210577. [PMID: 34034517 PMCID: PMC8150010 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) are evolving in response to a unique transmissible cancer, devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), first described in 1996. Persistence of wild populations and the recent emergence of a second independently evolved transmissible cancer suggest that transmissible cancers may be a recurrent feature in devils. Here, we compared signatures of selection across temporal scales to determine whether genes or gene pathways under contemporary selection (six to eight generations) have also been subject to historical selection (65-85 Myr). First, we used targeted sequencing, RAD-capture, in approximately 2500 devils in six populations to identify genomic regions subject to rapid evolution. We documented genome-wide contemporary evolution, including 186 candidate genes related to cell cycling and immune response. Then we used a molecular evolution approach to identify historical positive selection in devils compared to other marsupials and found evidence of selection in 1773 genes. However, we found limited overlap across time scales, with only 16 shared candidate genes, and no overlap in enriched functional gene sets. Our results are consistent with a novel, multi-locus evolutionary response of devils to DFTD. Our results can inform conservation by identifying high priority targets for genetic monitoring and guiding maintenance of adaptive potential in managed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Stahlke
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Brendan Epstein
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Soraia Barbosa
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Mark J. Margres
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Austin H. Patton
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sarah A. Hendricks
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Anne Veillet
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Alexandra K. Fraik
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Barbara Schönfeld
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Hamish I. McCallum
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Menna E. Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Andrew Storfer
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Paul A. Hohenlohe
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
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50
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Griffiths JS, Johnson KM, Sirovy KA, Yeats MS, Pan FTC, La Peyre JF, Kelly MW. Transgenerational plasticity and the capacity to adapt to low salinity in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20203118. [PMID: 34004136 PMCID: PMC8131124 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity conditions in oyster breeding grounds in the Gulf of Mexico are expected to drastically change due to increased precipitation from climate change and anthropogenic changes to local hydrology. We determined the capacity of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, to adapt via standing genetic variation or acclimate through transgenerational plasticity (TGP). We outplanted oysters to either a low- or medium-salinity site in Louisiana for 2 years. We then crossed adult parents using a North Carolina II breeding design, and measured body size and survival of larvae 5 dpf raised under low or ambient salinity. We found that TGP is unlikely to significantly contribute to low-salinity tolerance since we did not observe increased growth or survival in offspring reared in low salinity when their parents were also acclimated at a low-salinity site. However, we detected genetic variation for body size, with an estimated heritability of 0.68 ± 0.25 (95% CI). This suggests there is ample genetic variation for this trait to evolve, and that evolutionary adaptation is a possible mechanism through which oysters will persist with future declines in salinity. The results of this experiment provide valuable insights into successfully breeding low-salinity tolerance in this commercially important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S. Griffiths
- Department of Environmental Toxicology and Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, 4121 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kevin M. Johnson
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Kyle A. Sirovy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mark S. Yeats
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Francis T. C. Pan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jerome F. La Peyre
- Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Morgan W. Kelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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