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Jesus JG, Máguas C, Dias R, Nunes M, Pascoal P, Pereira M, Trindade H. What If Root Nodules Are a Guesthouse for a Microbiome? The Case Study of Acacia longifolia. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1168. [PMID: 37759568 PMCID: PMC10525506 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Acacia longifolia is one of the most aggressive invaders worldwide whose invasion is potentiated after a fire, a common perturbation in Mediterranean climates. As a legume, this species establishes symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria inside root nodules; however, the overall microbial diversity is still unclear. In this study, we addressed root nodules' structure and biodiversity through histology and Next-Generation Sequencing, targeting 16S and 25S-28S rDNA genes for bacteria and fungi, respectively. We wanted to evaluate the effect of fire in root nodules from 1-year-old saplings, by comparing unburnt and burnt sites. We found that although having the same general structure, after a fire event, nodules had a higher number of infected cells and greater starch accumulation. Starch accumulated in uninfected cells can be a possible carbon source for the microbiota. Regarding diversity, Bradyrhizobium was dominant in both sites (ca. 77%), suggesting it is the preferential partner, followed by Tardiphaga (ca. 9%), a non-rhizobial Alphaproteobacteria, and Synechococcus, a cyanobacteria (ca. 5%). However, at the burnt site, additional N-fixing bacteria were included in the top 10 genera, highlighting the importance of this process. Major differences were found in the mycobiome, which was diverse in both sites and included genera mostly described as plant endophytes. Coniochaeta was dominant in nodules from the burnt site (69%), suggesting its role as a facilitator of symbiotic associations. We highlight the presence of a large bacterial and fungal community in nodules, suggesting nodulation is not restricted to nitrogen fixation. Thus, this microbiome can be involved in facilitating A. longifolia invasive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana G. Jesus
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.G.J.); (C.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.G.J.); (C.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Ricardo Dias
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.G.J.); (C.M.); (R.D.)
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica Nunes
- Centro de Testes de Ciências, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.N.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Pedro Pascoal
- Centro de Testes de Ciências, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.N.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Marcelo Pereira
- Centro de Testes de Ciências, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.N.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Helena Trindade
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.G.J.); (C.M.); (R.D.)
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Munzi S, Graça C, Martins D, Máguas C. Differential response of two acidophytic lichens to increased reactive nitrogen availability. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
AbstractLichens are one of the most responsive components of the ecosystem to reactive forms of nitrogen. In this work, we selected the lichen genera Cladonia and Usnea, composed of terricolous and epiphytic lichens respectively, and described as sensitive to nitrogen, to test the effects of different doses of nitrogen on lichen physiological parameters (photobiont and mycobiont vitality, chitin quantification, nitrogen content and stable isotopes analysis). The main objectives were to check if the activation of protective mechanisms could be stimulated in case of chronic stress (low nitrogen increase for prolonged time), and, if so, if a toxicity threshold could be identified above which these mechanisms fail. The two lichen genera were generally affected by prolonged exposure to increased nitrogen availability. However, Cladonia rangiformis was able to maintain physiological functioning at the lowest nitrogen doses used, whereas thalli of Usnea become overwhelmed. Moreover, the mycobiont appeared to be more sensitive than the photobiont responding to lower nitrogen doses. Although only studies of longer duration and testing more nitrogen doses will be able to determine an accurate toxicity threshold, these results give important clues on the use of lichens as biomonitors for the establishment of environmental policies.
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Vicente S, Trindade H, Máguas C, Le Roux JJ. Genetic analyses reveal a complex introduction history of the globally invasive tree Acacia longifolia. NB 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.82.87455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Acacia longifolia (Sydney golden wattle) is considered one of the most problematic plant invaders in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. In this study, we investigate the species’ invasion history by comparing the genetic diversity and structure of native (Australia) and several invasive range (Brazil, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, and Uruguay) populations and by modelling different introduction scenarios using these data. We sampled 272 A. longifolia individuals – 126 from different invasive ranges and 146 from the native range – from 41 populations. We genotyped all individuals at four chloroplast and 12 nuclear microsatellite markers. From these data we calculated diversity metrics, identified chloroplast haplotypes, and estimated population genetic structure based on Bayesian assignment tests. We used Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) models to infer the likely introduction history into each invaded country. In Australia, population genetic structure of A. longifolia appears to be strongly shaped by the Bass Strait and we identified two genetic clusters largely corresponding to mainland Australian and Tasmanian populations. We found invasive populations to represent a mixture of these clusters. Similar levels of genetic diversity were present in native and invasive ranges, indicating that invasive populations did not go through a genetic bottleneck. Bayesian assignment tests and chloroplast haplotype frequencies further suggested a secondary introduction event between South Africa and Portugal. However, ABC analyses could not confidently identify the native source(s) of invasive populations in these two countries, probably due to the known high propagule pressure that accompanied these introductions. ABC analyses identified Tasmania as the likely source of invasive populations in Brazil and Uruguay. A definitive native source for Spanish populations could also not be identified. This study shows that tracing the introduction history of A. longifolia is difficult, most likely because of the complexity associated with the extensive movement of the species around the world. Our findings should be considered when planning management and control efforts, such as biological control, in some invaded regions.
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Chozas S, Nunes A, Serrano HC, Ascensão F, Tapia S, Máguas C, Branquinho C. Rescuing Botany: using citizen-science and mobile apps in the classroom and beyond. npj biodivers 2023. [PMCID: PMC9975877 DOI: 10.1038/s44185-023-00011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity is declining due to the impact of human activities. However, public awareness of the biodiversity crisis is low, particularly for plants, creating a barrier to engage with conservation programs. In this perspective, we show how citizen science and mobile apps can be used as educational tools to raise awareness about plant biodiversity among students and the general public. We examine the outcomes of three Bachelor of Science activities as well as two informal education initiatives. We discuss the potential of these approaches as educational and outreach tools. Our results show that citizen science and mobile apps are excellent tools for engaging society in biodiversity conservation and environmental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Chozas
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal ,Sociedade Portuguesa de Botânica (SPBotânica), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alice Nunes
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena C. Serrano
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ascensão
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Tapia
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Botânica (SPBotânica), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Costa A, Cherubini P, Graça J, Spiecker H, Barbosa I, Máguas C. Beyond width and density: stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in cork-rings provide insights of physiological responses to water stress in Quercus suber L. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14270. [PMID: 36405020 PMCID: PMC9671033 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As climate change increasingly affects forest ecosystems, detailed understanding of major effects is important to anticipate their consequences under future climate scenarios. The Mediterranean region is a prominent climate change hotspot, and evergreen cork oak (Quercus suber L.) woodlands are particularly climatically sensitive due to cork (bark) harvesting. Cork oak's drought avoidance strategy is well-known and includes structural and physiological adaptations that maximise soil water uptake and transport and limit water use, potentially leading to reduced stem and cork growth. Trees' responses to cope with water-limited conditions have been extensively described based on cork-rings width and, more recently, on cork-rings density, in dendroecological studies. However, so far, tree functional attributes and physiological strategies, namely photosynthetic metabolism adjustments affecting cork formation, have never been addressed and/or integrated on these previous cork-rings-based studies. In this study, we address the relation between carbon and oxygen stable isotopes of cork rings and precipitation and temperature, in two distinct locations of southwestern Portugal-the (wetter) Tagus basin peneplain and the (drier) Grândola mountains. We aimed at assessing whether the two climatic factors affect cork-ring isotopic composition under contrasting conditions of water availability, and, therefore, if carbon and oxygen signatures in cork can reflect tree functional (physiological and structural) responses to stressful conditions, which might be aggravated by climate change. Our results indicate differences between the study areas. At the drier site, the stronger statistically significant negative cork δ 13C correlations were found with mean temperature, whereas strong positive cork δ 18O correlations were fewer and found only with precipitation. Moreover, at the wetter site, cork rings are enriched in 18O and depleted in 13C, indicating, respectively, shallow groundwater as the water source for physiological processes related with biosynthesis of non-photosynthetic secondary tissues, such as suberin, and a weak stomatal regulation under high water availability, consistent with non-existent water availability constrains. In contrast, at the drier site, trees use water from deeper ground layers, depleted in 18O, and strongly regulate stomatal conductance under water stress, thus reducing photosynthetic carbon uptake and probably relying on stored carbon reserves for cork ring formation. These results suggest that although stable isotopes signatures in cork rings are not proxies for net growth, they may be (fairly) robust indicators of trees' physiological and structural adjustments to climate and environmental changes in Mediterranean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusta Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Oeiras, Portugal,Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paolo Cherubini
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland,Department of Forest and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - José Graça
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Centro de Estudos Florestais, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Heinrich Spiecker
- Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Inês Barbosa
- Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Faculdade de Ciências—cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Ulm F, Estorninho M, de Jesus JG, de Sousa Prado MG, Cruz C, Máguas C. From a Lose-Lose to a Win-Win Situation: User-Friendly Biomass Models for Acacia longifolia to Aid Research, Management and Valorisation. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2865. [PMID: 36365319 PMCID: PMC9658486 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Woody invasive species pose a big threat to ecosystems worldwide. Among them, Acacia longifolia is especially aggressive, fundamentally changing ecosystem structure through massive biomass input. This biomass is rarely harvested for usage; thus, these plants constitute a nuisance for stakeholders who invest time and money for control without monetary return. Simultaneously, there is an increased effort to valorise its biomass, e.g., for compost, growth substrate or as biofuel. However, to incentivise A. longifolia harvest and usage, stakeholders need to be able to estimate what can be obtained from management actions. Thus, the total biomass and its quality (C/N ratio) need to be predicted to perform cost-benefit analyses for usage and determine the level of invasion that has already occurred. Here, we report allometric biomass models for major biomass pools, as well as give an overview of biomass quality. Subsequently, we derive a simplified volume-based model (BM ~ 6.297 + 0.982 × Vol; BM = total dry biomass and Vol = plant volume), which can be applied to remote sensing data or with in situ manual measurements. This toolkit will help local stakeholders, forest managers or municipalities to predict the impact and valorisation potential of this invasive species and could ultimately encourage its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ulm
- cE3c–Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Estorninho
- cE3c–Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Guedes de Jesus
- cE3c–Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Goden de Sousa Prado
- cE3c–Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Sousa Prado & Filhos, Agropecuária Lda, 7645-239 Vila Nova de Milfontes, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cruz
- cE3c–Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- cE3c–Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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Granda E, Antunes C, Máguas C, Castro‐Díez P. Water use partitioning of native and non‐native tree species in riparian ecosystems under contrasting climatic conditions. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Granda
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Cristina Antunes
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Pilar Castro‐Díez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Alcalá de Henares Spain
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Estorninho M, Chozas S, Mendes A, Colwell F, Abrantes I, Fonseca L, Fernandes P, Costa C, Máguas C, Correia O, Antunes C. Differential Impact of the Pinewood Nematode on Pinus Species Under Drought Conditions. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:841707. [PMID: 35360314 PMCID: PMC8961127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.841707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, responsible for the pine wilt disease (PWD), is a major threat to pine forests worldwide. Since forest mortality due to PWN might be exacerbated by climate, the concerns regarding PWD in the Mediterranean region are further emphasized by the projected scenarios of more drought events and higher temperatures. In this context, it is essential to better understand the pine species vulnerability to PWN under these conditions. To achieve that, physiological responses and wilting symptoms were monitored in artificially inoculated Pinus pinaster (P. pinaster), Pinus pinea (P. pinea), and Pinus radiata (P. radiata) saplings under controlled temperature (25/30°C) and water availability (watered/water stressed). The results obtained showed that the impact of PWN is species-dependent, being infected P. pinaster and P. radiata more prone to physiological and morphological damage than P. pinea. For the more susceptible species (P. pinaster and P. radiata), the presence of the nematode was the main driver of photosynthetic responses, regardless of their temperature or water regime conditions. Nevertheless, water potential was revealed to be highly affected by the synergy of PWN and the studied abiotic conditions, with higher temperatures (P. pinaster) or water limitation (P. radiata) increasing the impact of nematodes on trees' water status. Furthermore, water limitation had an influence on nematodes density and its allocation on trees' structures, with P. pinaster revealing the highest nematode abundance and inner dispersion. In inoculated P. pinea individuals, nematodes' population decreased significantly, emphasizing this species resistance to PWN. Our findings revealed a synergistic impact of PWN infection and stressful environmental conditions, particularly on the water status of P. pinaster and P. radiata, triggering disease symptoms and mortality of these species. Our results suggest that predicted drought conditions might facilitate proliferation and exacerbate the impact of PWN on these two species, through xylem cavitation, leading to strong changes in pine forests of the Mediterranean regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Estorninho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sergio Chozas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Angela Mendes
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Isabel Abrantes
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Fonseca
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Fernandes
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Costa
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Otília Correia
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Antunes
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Vicente S, Máguas C, Richardson DM, Trindade H, Wilson JRU, Le Roux JJ. Highly diverse and highly successful: invasive Australian acacias have not experienced genetic bottlenecks globally. Ann Bot 2021; 128:149-157. [PMID: 33876193 PMCID: PMC8324033 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Invasive species may undergo rapid evolution despite very limited standing genetic diversity. This so-called genetic paradox of biological invasions assumes that an invasive species has experienced (and survived) a genetic bottleneck and then underwent local adaptation in the new range. In this study, we test how often Australian acacias (genus Acacia), one of the world's most problematic invasive tree groups, have experienced genetic bottlenecks and inbreeding. METHODS We collated genetic data from 51 different genetic studies on Acacia species to compare genetic diversity between native and invasive populations. These studies analysed 37 different Acacia species, with genetic data from the invasive ranges of 11 species, and data from the native range for 36 species (14 of these 36 species are known to be invasive somewhere in the world, and the other 22 are not known to be invasive). KEY RESULTS Levels of genetic diversity are similar in native and invasive populations, and there is little evidence of invasive populations being extensively inbred. Levels of genetic diversity in native range populations also did not differ significantly between species that have and that do not have invasive populations. CONCLUSION We attribute our findings to the impressive movement, introduction effort and human usage of Australian acacias around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vicente
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David M Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Helena Trindade
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - John R U Wilson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Johannes J Le Roux
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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Maquia ISA, Fareleira P, Videira e. Castro I, Soares R, Brito DRA, Mbanze AA, Chaúque A, Máguas C, Ezeokoli OT, Ribeiro NS, Marques I, Ribeiro-Barros AI. The Nexus between Fire and Soil Bacterial Diversity in the African Miombo Woodlands of Niassa Special Reserve, Mozambique. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081562. [PMID: 34442641 PMCID: PMC8400031 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: the Miombo woodlands comprise the most important vegetation from southern Africa and are dominated by tree legumes with an ecology highly driven by fires. Here, we report on the characterization of bacterial communities from the rhizosphere of Brachystegia boehmii in different soil types from areas subjected to different regimes. (2) Methods: bacterial communities were identified through Illumina MiSeq sequencing (16S rRNA). Vigna unguiculata was used as a trap to capture nitrogen-fixing bacteria and culture-dependent methods in selective media were used to isolate plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). PGP traits were analysed and molecular taxonomy of the purified isolates was performed. (3) Results: Bacterial communities in the Miombo rhizosphere are highly diverse and driven by soil type and fire regime. Independent of the soil or fire regime, the functional diversity was high, and the different consortia maintained the general functions. A diverse pool of diazotrophs was isolated, and included symbiotic (e.g., Mesorhizobium sp., Neorhizobium galegae, Rhizobium sp., and Ensifer adhaerens), and non-symbiotic (e.g., Agrobacterium sp., Burkholderia sp., Cohnella sp., Microvirga sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Stenotrophomonas sp.) bacteria. Several isolates presented cumulative PGP traits. (4) Conclusions: Although the dynamics of bacterial communities from the Miombo rhizosphere is driven by fire, the maintenance of high levels of diversity and functions remain unchanged, constituting a source of promising bacteria in terms of plant-beneficial activities such as mobilization and acquisition of nutrients, mitigation of abiotic stress, and modulation of plant hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivete Sandra Alberto Maquia
- Forest Research Center, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal;
- TropiKMan Doctoral Program, NOVA SBE, 2775-405 Carcavelos, Portugal
- Biotechnology Center, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 3453, Mozambique;
| | - Paula Fareleira
- National Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Research, I.P. (INIAV, I.P), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (P.F.); (I.V.e.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Isabel Videira e. Castro
- National Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Research, I.P. (INIAV, I.P), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (P.F.); (I.V.e.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Ricardo Soares
- National Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Research, I.P. (INIAV, I.P), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (P.F.); (I.V.e.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Denise R. A. Brito
- Biotechnology Center, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 3453, Mozambique;
| | | | - Aniceto Chaúque
- Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 3453, Mozambique; (A.C.); (N.S.R.)
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Obinna T. Ezeokoli
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Natasha Sofia Ribeiro
- Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 3453, Mozambique; (A.C.); (N.S.R.)
| | - Isabel Marques
- Forest Research Center, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.I.R.-B.)
| | - Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros
- Forest Research Center, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.I.R.-B.)
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11
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Alegria C, Antunes C, Giovanetti M, Abreu M, Máguas C. Acorn Isotopic Composition: A New Promising Tool for Authenticity Maps of Montado's High-Value Food Products. Molecules 2020; 25:E1535. [PMID: 32230969 PMCID: PMC7181146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is often overlooked that even food production is linked to the ecology of plants and animals. Living organisms respond to environmental short-and long-term variability: acknowledging this may help in the ultimate goal of valorizing a territory/product. We investigated acorns of the two main Quercus species of the Portuguese Montado, a main feed of the renown black Iberian pig. We tested their responses to an aridity gradient by morphological parameters and isotopic signature. Q. rotundifolia and Q. suber acorns did not differ morphologically, even if a higher variability in all parameters was observed in acorns of Q. suber. According to the site-specific Aridity Index, correlations are indicative to higher weight and length only in Q. suber acorns from more arid sites. As for isotopic composition, there were no differences in nitrogen or carbon (δ15N and δ13C) between the two species. However, combining the samples and testing for association with the Aridity Index, we found that more arid sites lead to a 15N enrichment. This result, combined with the positive correlation between AI and acorns length, support the use of acorns as a tool, their isoscapes of nitrogen being a stepping stone for the provenance of the black Iberian pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Alegria
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.A.); (M.G.)
- Unidade Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Cristina Antunes
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Manuela Giovanetti
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.A.); (M.G.)
- CREA—Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Abreu
- Unidade Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.A.); (M.G.)
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12
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Krajnc B, Bontempo L, Luis Araus J, Giovanetti M, Alegria C, Lauteri M, Augusti A, Atti N, Smeti S, Taous F, Amenzou NE, Podgornik M, Camin F, Reis P, Máguas C, Bučar Miklavčič M, Ogrinc N. Selective Methods to Investigate Authenticity and Geographical Origin of Mediterranean Food Products. Food Reviews International 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1717521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bor Krajnc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Italy
| | - Jose Luis Araus
- Section of Plant Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, AGROTECNIO, Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuela Giovanetti
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Alegria
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco Lauteri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Porano, Italy
| | - Angela Augusti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Porano, Italy
| | - Naziha Atti
- Laboratoire de Production Animale et Fourragère, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samir Smeti
- Laboratoire de Production Animale et Fourragère, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fouad Taous
- Centre National de L’énergie, Des Sciences Et Techniques Nucleaires, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nour Eddine Amenzou
- Centre National de L’énergie, Des Sciences Et Techniques Nucleaires, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Maja Podgornik
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Oliveculture, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Federica Camin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Italy
| | - Pedro Reis
- Sistemas agrários e florestais e sanidade vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária E Veterinária, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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Ferrio JP, Dubbert M, Máguas C. Editorial: The Green Side of the Water Cycle: New Advances in the Study of Plant Water Dynamics. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:582846. [PMID: 32983225 PMCID: PMC7492972 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.582846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pedro Ferrio
- Aragon Agency for Research and Development (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Forest Resources, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan Pedro Ferrio,
| | - Maren Dubbert
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Landscape Ecohydrology, IGB Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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14
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Vincent-Barbaroux C, Berveiller D, Lelarge-Trouverie C, Maia R, Máguas C, Pereira J, Chaves MM, Damesin C. Carbon-use strategies in stem radial growth of two oak species, one Temperate deciduous and one Mediterranean evergreen: what can be inferred from seasonal variations in the δ13C of the current year ring? Tree Physiol 2019; 39:1329-1341. [PMID: 31100150 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tree ring synthesis is a key process in wood production; however, little is known of the origin and fate of the carbon involved. We used natural 13C abundance to investigate the carbon-use process for the ring development in a temperate deciduous (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) and a Mediterranean evergreen (Quercus ilex L.) oak. The sapwood carbon reserves, phloem sucrose contents, stem respired CO2 efflux and their respective carbon isotope compositions (δ13C) were recorded over 1 year, in the native area of each species. The seasonal δ13C variation of the current year ring was determined in the total ring throughout the seasons, as well as in slices from the fully mature ring after the growth season (intra-ring pattern). Although the budburst dates of the two oaks were similar, the growth of Quercus ilex began 50 days later. Both species exhibited growth cessation during the hot and dry summer but only Q. ilex resumed in the autumn. In the deciduous oak, xylem starch storage showed clear variations during the radial growth. The intra-ring δ13C variations of the two species exhibited similar ranges, but contrasting patterns, with an early increase for Q. petraea. Comparison between δ13C of starch and total ring suggested that Q. petraea (but not Q. ilex) builds its rings using reserves during the first month of growth. Shifts in ring and soluble sugars δ13C suggested an interspecific difference in either the phloem unloading or the use of fresh assimilate inside the ring. A decrease in ring δ13C for both oaks between the end of the radial growth and the winter is attributed to a lignification of ring cell walls after stem increment. This study highlighted the differences in carbon-use during ring growth for evergreen and deciduous oaks, as well as the benefits of exploring the process using natural 13C abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Vincent-Barbaroux
- Laboratoire Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA, Université d'Orléans, USC, Orléans cedex 2, France
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniel Berveiller
- Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, UMR, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroparisTech, Orsay, France
| | - Caroline Lelarge-Trouverie
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment, Orsay, France
| | - Rodrigo Maia
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Pereira
- Centro de Estudos Florestais Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela M Chaves
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Claire Damesin
- Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, UMR, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroparisTech, Orsay, France
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15
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Munzi S, Branquinho C, Cruz C, Máguas C, Leith ID, Sheppard LJ, Sutton MA. δ 15N of lichens reflects the isotopic signature of ammonia source. Sci Total Environ 2019; 653:698-704. [PMID: 30759595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although it is generally accepted that δ15N in lichen reflects predominating N isotope sources in the environment, confirmation of the direct correlation between lichen δ15N and atmospheric δ15N is still missing, especially under field conditions with most confounding factors controlled. To fill this gap and investigate the response of lichens with different tolerance to atmospheric N deposition, thalli of the sensitive Evernia prunastri and the tolerant Xanthoria parietina were exposed for ten weeks to different forms and doses of N in a field manipulation experiment where confounding factors were minimized. During this period, several parameters, namely total N, δ15N and chlorophyll a fluorescence, were measured. Under the experimental conditions, δ15N in lichens quantitatively responded to the δ15N of released gaseous ammonia (NH3). Although a high correlation between the isotopic signatures in lichen tissue and supplied N was found both in tolerant and sensitive species, chlorophyll a fluorescence indicated that the sensitive species very soon lost its photosynthetic functionality with increasing N availability. The most damaging response to the different N chemical forms was observed with dry deposition of NH3, although wet deposition of ammonium ions had a significant observable physiological impact. Conversely, there was no significant effect of nitrate ions on chlorophyll a fluorescence, implying differential sensitivity to dry deposition versus wet deposition and to ammonium versus nitrate in wet deposition. Evernia prunastri was most sensitive to NH3, then NH4+, with lowest sensitivity to NO3-. Moreover, these results confirm that lichen δ15N can be used to indicate the δ15N of atmospheric ammonia, providing a suitable tool for the interpretation of the spatial distribution of NH3 sources in relation to their δ15N signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Munzi
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - C Branquinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Cruz
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - I D Leith
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH) Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, UK
| | - L J Sheppard
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH) Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, UK
| | - M A Sutton
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH) Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, UK
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16
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Antunes C, Chozas S, West J, Zunzunegui M, Diaz Barradas MC, Vieira S, Máguas C. Groundwater drawdown drives ecophysiological adjustments of woody vegetation in a semi-arid coastal ecosystem. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:4894-4908. [PMID: 30030867 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Predicted droughts and anthropogenic water use will increase groundwater lowering rates and intensify groundwater limitation, particularly for Mediterranean semi-arid ecosystems. These hydrological changes may be expected to elicit differential functional responses of vegetation either belowground or aboveground. Yet, our ability to predict the impacts of groundwater changes on these ecosystems is still poor. Thus, we sought to better understand the impact of falling water table on the physiology of woody vegetation. We specifically ask (a) how is woody vegetation ecophysiological performance affected by water table depth during the dry season? and (b) does the vegetation response to increasing depth to groundwater differ among water-use functional types? We examined a suite of physiological parameters and water-uptake depths of the dominant, functionally distinct woody vegetation along a water-table depth gradient in a Mediterranean semi-arid coastal ecosystem that is currently experiencing anthropogenic groundwater extraction pressure. We found that groundwater drawdown did negatively affect the ecophysiological performance of the woody vegetation. Across all studied environmental factors, depth to groundwater was the most important driver of ecophysiological adjustments. Plant functional types, independent of groundwater dependence, showed consistent declines in water content and generally reduced C and N acquisition with increasing depths to groundwater. Functional types showed distinct operating physiological ranges, but common physiological sensitivity to greater water table depth. Thus, although differences in water-source use exist, a physiological convergence appeared to happen among different functional types. These results strongly suggest that hydrological drought has an important impact on fundamental physiological processes, constraining the performance of woody vegetation under semi-arid conditions. By disentangling the functional responses and vulnerability of woody vegetation to groundwater limitation, our study establishes the basis for predicting the physiological responses of woody vegetation in semi-arid coastal ecosystems to groundwater drawdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Antunes
- Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- PPG - Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sergio Chozas
- Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jason West
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Maria Zunzunegui
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Simone Vieira
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Antunes C, Díaz Barradas MC, Zunzunegui M, Vieira S, Pereira Â, Anjos A, Correia O, Pereira MJ, Máguas C. Contrasting plant water‐use responses to groundwater depth in coastal dune ecosystems. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Antunes
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações AmbientaisFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- PPG ‐ Ecologia, Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Maria Zunzunegui
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y EcologíaUniversidad de Sevilla Sevilla Spain
| | - Simone Vieira
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas AmbientaisUniversidade Estadual de Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ângela Pereira
- Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Andreia Anjos
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações AmbientaisFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Otília Correia
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações AmbientaisFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Maria João Pereira
- Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações AmbientaisFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
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18
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van Kleunen M, Essl F, Pergl J, Brundu G, Carboni M, Dullinger S, Early R, González-Moreno P, Groom QJ, Hulme PE, Kueffer C, Kühn I, Máguas C, Maurel N, Novoa A, Parepa M, Pyšek P, Seebens H, Tanner R, Touza J, Verbrugge L, Weber E, Dawson W, Kreft H, Weigelt P, Winter M, Klonner G, Talluto MV, Dehnen-Schmutz K. The changing role of ornamental horticulture in alien plant invasions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1421-1437. [PMID: 29504240 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The number of alien plants escaping from cultivation into native ecosystems is increasing steadily. We provide an overview of the historical, contemporary and potential future roles of ornamental horticulture in plant invasions. We show that currently at least 75% and 93% of the global naturalised alien flora is grown in domestic and botanical gardens, respectively. Species grown in gardens also have a larger naturalised range than those that are not. After the Middle Ages, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, a global trade network in plants emerged. Since then, cultivated alien species also started to appear in the wild more frequently than non-cultivated aliens globally, particularly during the 19th century. Horticulture still plays a prominent role in current plant introduction, and the monetary value of live-plant imports in different parts of the world is steadily increasing. Historically, botanical gardens - an important component of horticulture - played a major role in displaying, cultivating and distributing new plant discoveries. While the role of botanical gardens in the horticultural supply chain has declined, they are still a significant link, with one-third of institutions involved in retail-plant sales and horticultural research. However, botanical gardens have also become more dependent on commercial nurseries as plant sources, particularly in North America. Plants selected for ornamental purposes are not a random selection of the global flora, and some of the plant characteristics promoted through horticulture, such as fast growth, also promote invasion. Efforts to breed non-invasive plant cultivars are still rare. Socio-economical, technological, and environmental changes will lead to novel patterns of plant introductions and invasion opportunities for the species that are already cultivated. We describe the role that horticulture could play in mediating these changes. We identify current research challenges, and call for more research efforts on the past and current role of horticulture in plant invasions. This is required to develop science-based regulatory frameworks to prevent further plant invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark van Kleunen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.,Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Franz Essl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Giuseppe Brundu
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marta Carboni
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regan Early
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, U.K
| | | | - Quentin J Groom
- Botanical Garden Meise, Bouchout Domain, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium
| | - Philip E Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, 7648, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Christoph Kueffer
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Street 4, 06120, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Noëlie Maurel
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ana Novoa
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag x7, Claremont, 7735, South Africa
| | - Madalin Parepa
- Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Georg-Voigt-Straße 14-16, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rob Tanner
- European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, 21 boulevard Richard Lenoir, 75011, Paris, France
| | - Julia Touza
- Environment Department, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, YO10 5NG, York, U.K
| | - Laura Verbrugge
- Institute for Science in Society, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Centre of Expertise for Exotic Species, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ewald Weber
- Biodiversity Research, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, Potsdam, D-14469, Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Günther Klonner
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthew V Talluto
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Ryton Gardens, Coventry, CV8 3LG, U.K
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19
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Munzi S, Cruz C, Maia R, Máguas C, Perestrello-Ramos MM, Branquinho C. Intra- and inter-specific variations in chitin in lichens along a N-deposition gradient. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:28065-28071. [PMID: 28994014 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of nitrogen (N) tolerance in lichens are not yet fully understood. Here, we investigated how the increase of chitin content is related with N excess at inter- and intra-specific levels, by using species with differing ecological N tolerances (the tolerant Xanthoria parietina and Parmotrema hypoleucinum and the sensitive Evernia prunastri and Usnea sp.) and thalli of X. parietina and P. hypoleucinum from sites with different availabilities of N of agricultural origin (livestock), as confirmed by lichen N content and δ15N. Nitrogen, chitin (N-containing compound), and ergosterol contents were measured in lichen thalli. Nitrogen and chitin contents were higher in tolerant species than those in sensitive ones (inter-specific level) and in thalli collected from the N-polluted site than in thalli from the clean site (intra-specific level). We suggest that chitin contributes to N stress tolerance in lichens, and that excess N can be partially stored as chitin (non-toxic form) in the cell walls of tolerant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Munzi
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Cruz
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Maia
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Margarida Perestrello-Ramos
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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Pinho P, Barros C, Augusto S, Pereira MJ, Máguas C, Branquinho C. Using nitrogen concentration and isotopic composition in lichens to spatially assess the relative contribution of atmospheric nitrogen sources in complex landscapes. Environ Pollut 2017; 230:632-638. [PMID: 28711823 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen (Nr) is an important driver of global change, causing alterations in ecosystem biodiversity and functionality. Environmental assessments require monitoring the emission and deposition of both the amount and types of Nr. This is especially important in heterogeneous landscapes, as different land-cover types emit particular forms of Nr to the atmosphere, which can impact ecosystems distinctively. Such assessments require high spatial resolution maps that also integrate temporal variations, and can only be feasibly achieved by using ecological indicators. Our aim was to rank land-cover types according to the amount and form of emitted atmospheric Nr in a complex landscape with multiple sources of N. To do so, we measured and mapped nitrogen concentration and isotopic composition in lichen thalli, which we then related to land-cover data. Results suggested that, at the landscape scale, intensive agriculture and urban areas were the most important sources of Nr to the atmosphere. Additionally, the ocean greatly influences Nr in land, by providing air with low Nr concentration and a unique isotopic composition. These results have important consequences for managing air pollution at the regional level, as they provide critical information for modeling Nr emission and deposition across regional as well as continental scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa (CE3C-FC-ULisboa), Edifício C2, 5º piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa (CERENA-Técnico/ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - C Barros
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa (CE3C-FC-ULisboa), Edifício C2, 5º piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S Augusto
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa (CE3C-FC-ULisboa), Edifício C2, 5º piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; ISPUP-EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - M J Pereira
- Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa (CERENA-Técnico/ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa (CE3C-FC-ULisboa), Edifício C2, 5º piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Branquinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa (CE3C-FC-ULisboa), Edifício C2, 5º piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ulm
- Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes; Campo Grande, C2 PT-1749-016 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Christine Hellmann
- Experimental and Systems Ecology; Univ. of Bielefeld; Bielefeld Germany
- Dept of Ecosystem Physiology; Univ. of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Cristina Cruz
- Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes; Campo Grande, C2 PT-1749-016 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes; Campo Grande, C2 PT-1749-016 Lisbon Portugal
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Vieira S, Cartaxana P, Máguas C, Marques da Silva J. Photosynthesis in estuarine intertidal microphytobenthos is limited by inorganic carbon availability. Photosynth Res 2016; 128:85-92. [PMID: 26546444 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) availability on photosynthesis were studied in two estuarine intertidal microphytobenthos (MPB) communities and in the model diatom species Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Kinetics of DIC acquisition, measured with a liquid-phase oxygen electrode, showed higher K(1/2)(DIC) (0.31 mM) and Vm (7.78 nmol min(-1) µg (Chl a)(-1)) for MPB suspensions than for P. tricornutum (K(1/2)(DIC) = 0.23 mM; Vm = 4.64 nmol min(-1) µg (Chl a)(-1)), suggesting the predominance of species with lower affinity for DIC and higher photosynthetic capacity in the MPB. The net photosynthetic rate of the MPB suspensions reached saturation at a DIC concentration of 1-1.5 mM. This range was lower than the concentrations found in the interstitial water of the top 5-mm sediment layer, suggesting no limitation of photosynthesis by DIC in the MPB communities. Accordingly, carbon isotope discrimination revealed a moderate activity of CO2-concentrating mechanisms in the MPB. However, addition of NaHCO3 to intact MPB biofilms caused a significant increase in the relative maximum photosynthetic electron transport rate (rETR max) measured by imaging pulse-amplitude modulated chlorophyll a fluorescence. These results suggest local depletion of DIC at the photic layer of the sediment (the first few hundred µm), where MPB cells accumulate during diurnal low tides. This work provides the first direct experimental evidence of DIC limitation of photosynthesis in highly productive intertidal MPB communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Vieira
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cartaxana
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (Ce3C), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Marques da Silva
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Rodrigues WP, Martins MQ, Fortunato AS, Rodrigues AP, Semedo JN, Simões-Costa MC, Pais IP, Leitão AE, Colwell F, Goulao L, Máguas C, Maia R, Partelli FL, Campostrini E, Scotti-Campos P, Ribeiro-Barros AI, Lidon FC, DaMatta FM, Ramalho JC. Long-term elevated air [CO2 ] strengthens photosynthetic functioning and mitigates the impact of supra-optimal temperatures in tropical Coffea arabica and C. canephora species. Glob Chang Biol 2016; 22:415-31. [PMID: 26363182 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The tropical coffee crop has been predicted to be threatened by future climate changes and global warming. However, the real biological effects of such changes remain unknown. Therefore, this work aims to link the physiological and biochemical responses of photosynthesis to elevated air [CO2 ] and temperature in cultivated genotypes of Coffea arabica L. (cv. Icatu and IPR108) and Coffea canephora cv. Conilon CL153. Plants were grown for ca. 10 months at 25/20°C (day/night) and 380 or 700 μl CO2 l(-1) and then subjected to temperature increase (0.5°C day(-1) ) to 42/34°C. Leaf impacts related to stomatal traits, gas exchanges, C isotope composition, fluorescence parameters, thylakoid electron transport and enzyme activities were assessed at 25/20, 31/25, 37/30 and 42/34°C. The results showed that (1) both species were remarkably heat tolerant up to 37/30°C, but at 42/34°C a threshold for irreversible nonstomatal deleterious effects was reached. Impairments were greater in C. arabica (especially in Icatu) and under normal [CO2 ]. Photosystems and thylakoid electron transport were shown to be quite heat tolerant, contrasting to the enzymes related to energy metabolism, including RuBisCO, which were the most sensitive components. (2) Significant stomatal trait modifications were promoted almost exclusively by temperature and were species dependent. Elevated [CO2 ], (3) strongly mitigated the impact of temperature on both species, particularly at 42/34°C, modifying the response to supra-optimal temperatures, (4) promoted higher water-use efficiency under moderately higher temperature (31/25°C) and (5) did not provoke photosynthetic downregulation. Instead, enhancements in [CO2 ] strengthened photosynthetic photochemical efficiency, energy use and biochemical functioning at all temperatures. Our novel findings demonstrate a relevant heat resilience of coffee species and that elevated [CO2 ] remarkably mitigated the impact of heat on coffee physiology, therefore playing a key role in this crop sustainability under future climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weverton P Rodrigues
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Instituto Investigação Científica Tropical, I.P. (IICT), Qta. Marquês, Av. República, Oeiras, 2784-505, Portugal
- Setor Fisiologia Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Univ. Estadual Norte Fluminense (UENF), Darcy Ribeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Madlles Q Martins
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Instituto Investigação Científica Tropical, I.P. (IICT), Qta. Marquês, Av. República, Oeiras, 2784-505, Portugal
- Centro Univ. Norte do Espírito Santo (CEUNES), Dept. Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas (DCAB), Univ. Federal Espírito Santo (UFES), Rod. BR 101 Norte, Km. 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP: 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Ana S Fortunato
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Instituto Investigação Científica Tropical, I.P. (IICT), Qta. Marquês, Av. República, Oeiras, 2784-505, Portugal
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity) and Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior Agronomia, Univ. Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, 1349-017, Portugal
| | - Ana P Rodrigues
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity) and Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior Agronomia, Univ. Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, 1349-017, Portugal
| | - José N Semedo
- Unid. Investigação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), Qta. Marquês, Av. República, Oeiras, 2784-505, Portugal
| | - Maria C Simões-Costa
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Instituto Investigação Científica Tropical, I.P. (IICT), Qta. Marquês, Av. República, Oeiras, 2784-505, Portugal
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity) and Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior Agronomia, Univ. Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, 1349-017, Portugal
| | - Isabel P Pais
- Unid. Investigação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), Qta. Marquês, Av. República, Oeiras, 2784-505, Portugal
| | - António E Leitão
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Instituto Investigação Científica Tropical, I.P. (IICT), Qta. Marquês, Av. República, Oeiras, 2784-505, Portugal
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity) and Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior Agronomia, Univ. Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, 1349-017, Portugal
- GeoBioTec, Fac. Ciências Tecnologia, Univ. Nova Lisboa, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Filipe Colwell
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Instituto Investigação Científica Tropical, I.P. (IICT), Qta. Marquês, Av. República, Oeiras, 2784-505, Portugal
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity) and Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior Agronomia, Univ. Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, 1349-017, Portugal
| | - Luis Goulao
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Instituto Investigação Científica Tropical, I.P. (IICT), Qta. Marquês, Av. República, Oeiras, 2784-505, Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculty Sciences, Univ. Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Maia
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculty Sciences, Univ. Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Fábio L Partelli
- Centro Univ. Norte do Espírito Santo (CEUNES), Dept. Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas (DCAB), Univ. Federal Espírito Santo (UFES), Rod. BR 101 Norte, Km. 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP: 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Eliemar Campostrini
- Setor Fisiologia Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Univ. Estadual Norte Fluminense (UENF), Darcy Ribeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula Scotti-Campos
- Unid. Investigação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), Qta. Marquês, Av. República, Oeiras, 2784-505, Portugal
| | - Ana I Ribeiro-Barros
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Instituto Investigação Científica Tropical, I.P. (IICT), Qta. Marquês, Av. República, Oeiras, 2784-505, Portugal
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity) and Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior Agronomia, Univ. Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, 1349-017, Portugal
- GeoBioTec, Fac. Ciências Tecnologia, Univ. Nova Lisboa, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Fernando C Lidon
- GeoBioTec, Fac. Ciências Tecnologia, Univ. Nova Lisboa, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Fábio M DaMatta
- Dept. Biologia Vegetal, Univ. Federal Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, 36570-000, MG, Brazil
| | - José C Ramalho
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Instituto Investigação Científica Tropical, I.P. (IICT), Qta. Marquês, Av. República, Oeiras, 2784-505, Portugal
- Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity) and Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior Agronomia, Univ. Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, 1349-017, Portugal
- GeoBioTec, Fac. Ciências Tecnologia, Univ. Nova Lisboa, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
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Shibata H, Branquinho C, McDowell WH, Mitchell MJ, Monteith DT, Tang J, Arvola L, Cruz C, Cusack DF, Halada L, Kopáček J, Máguas C, Sajidu S, Schubert H, Tokuchi N, Záhora J. Consequence of altered nitrogen cycles in the coupled human and ecological system under changing climate: The need for long-term and site-based research. Ambio 2015; 44:178-93. [PMID: 25037589 PMCID: PMC4357624 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-014-0545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenically derived nitrogen (N) has a central role in global environmental changes, including climate change, biodiversity loss, air pollution, greenhouse gas emission, water pollution, as well as food production and human health. Current understanding of the biogeochemical processes that govern the N cycle in coupled human-ecological systems around the globe is drawn largely from the long-term ecological monitoring and experimental studies. Here, we review spatial and temporal patterns and trends in reactive N emissions, and the interactions between N and other important elements that dictate their delivery from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems, and the impacts of N on biodiversity and human society. Integrated international and long-term collaborative studies covering research gaps will reduce uncertainties and promote further understanding of the nitrogen cycle in various ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Shibata
- />Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0809 Japan
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- />Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, 5° Piso, sala 37, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - William H. McDowell
- />Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Rd., Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - Myron J. Mitchell
- />College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA
| | - Don T. Monteith
- />NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP UK
| | - Jianwu Tang
- />Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL St., Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
| | - Lauri Arvola
- />Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, Pääjärventie 320, 16900 Lammi, Finland
| | - Cristina Cruz
- />Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, 5° Piso, sala 37, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniela F. Cusack
- />Department of Geography, University of California - Los Angeles, 1255 Bunche Hall, Box 951524, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Lubos Halada
- />Institute of Landscape Ecology SAS, Branch Nitra, Akademicka 2, POB 22, 949 10 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jiří Kopáček
- />Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre ASCR, Na Sádkách 7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Cristina Máguas
- />Center for Environmental Biology, SIIAF - Stable Isotopes and Instrumental Analysis Facility, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, 5° Piso, sala 12, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Samson Sajidu
- />Chemistry Department, Chancellor College, University of Malawi, P.O Box 280, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Hendrik Schubert
- />Institut für Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl Ökologie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einsteinstraße 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Naoko Tokuchi
- />Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Jaroslav Záhora
- />Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1/1665, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Barros C, Pinho P, Durão R, Augusto S, Máguas C, Pereira MJ, Branquinho C. Disentangling natural and anthropogenic sources of atmospheric sulfur in an industrial region using biomonitors. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:2222-2229. [PMID: 25607592 DOI: 10.1021/es505292t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite reductions in atmospheric sulfur (S) concentrations due to abatement policies in some countries, modeling the dispersion of this pollutant and disentangling anthropogenic sources from natural ones is still of great concern. Lichens have been used as biomonitors of the impacts of S for over 40 years, but their potential as source-tracers of specific sources, including natural ones, remains unexplored. In fact, few attempts have been made to try to distinguish and spatially model different sources of S using lichens. We have measured S concentrations and isotopic values in lichens within an industrial coastal region where different sources of S, natural and anthropogenic, interplay. We detected a prevailing influence of natural sea-originated S that mixed with anthropogenic sources of S. We were then able to disentangle the sources of S, by removing the ocean influence on S isotopic values, enabling us to model the impact of different anthropogenic sources on S deposition and highlighting the potential use of lichens to evaluate the weight of different types of anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceres Barros
- Universidade de Lisboa , Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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26
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Augusto S, Máguas C, Branquinho C. Guidelines for biomonitoring persistent organic pollutants (POPs), using lichens and aquatic mosses--a review. Environ Pollut 2013; 180:330-338. [PMID: 23768993 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades, awareness regarding persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has become a cutting-edge topic, due to their toxicity, bioaccumulation and persistency in the environment. Monitoring of PCDD/Fs and PAHs in air and water has proven to be insufficient to capture deposition and effects of these compounds in the biota. To overcome this limitation, environmental biomonitoring using lichens and aquatic mosses, have aroused as promising tools. The main aim of this work is to provide a review of: i) factors that influence the interception and accumulation of POPs by lichens; ii) how lichens and aquatic bryophytes can be used to track different pollution sources and; iii) how can these biomonitors contribute to environmental health studies. This review will allow designing a set of guidelines to be followed when using biomonitors to assess environmental POP pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Augusto
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Augusto S, Pereira MJ, Máguas C, Branquinho C. A step towards the use of biomonitors as estimators of atmospheric PAHs for regulatory purposes. Chemosphere 2013; 92:626-32. [PMID: 23668962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the main drawbacks of using lichens to monitor atmospheric PAHs has been reported as the inexistence of studies aiming to translate PAH values in lichens into the atmospheric equivalents ones, in order to use this information for regulatory purposes. In this work, PAH concentrations in lichens were compared with PAH concentrations measured in a conventional active sampler in an outdoor environment for a 9-month span. Significant positive correlations between HMW-PAHs, Σ16 EPA-PAHs, and BaP equivalent concentrations in lichens and those in air (TSP) were found. Concentrations of Σ16 EPA-PAHs in lichens and air showed a seasonal variation, with highest values during winter and lowest values during summer. Meteorological variables - temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed - showed to significantly influence PAH concentrations in both lichens and air. Based on the significant linear correlations, equations for translating PAH concentrations measured in lichens into equivalent ones for air were proposed for the first time, allowing a broader use of lichens' information regarding PAHs in monitoring schemes and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Augusto
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Biologia Ambiental (CBA), FCUL, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Máguas C, Pinho P, Branquinho C, Hartard B, Lakatos M. Carbon-Water-Nitrogen relationships between lichens and the atmosphere: Tools to understand metabolism and ecosystem change. MycoKeys 2013. [DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.6.4814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Rascher KG, Hellmann C, Máguas C, Werner C. Community scale 15N isoscapes: tracing the spatial impact of an exotic N2-fixing invader. Ecol Lett 2012; 15:484-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Augusto S, Pereira MJ, Máguas C, Soares A, Branquinho C. Assessing human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in a petrochemical region utilizing data from environmental biomonitors. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2012; 75:819-830. [PMID: 22788369 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.690685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are toxic compounds that have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as probable or possible human carcinogens. Human exposure to PAH is usually assessed by considering data from a single air monitoring station as being representative of a large region; however, air pollution levels change on small spatial scales and thus also affect environmental exposure. The use of environmental biomonitors is a useful tool to assess the levels of PAH with high spatial resolution. The aims of this study were to (1) assess human exposure to PAH in a petrochemical region in Portugal, integrating data from environmental biomonitors (lichens), air, and soil in a regional area, and (2) determine the health risks associated with exposure to PAH with high spatial resolution. Bearing this in mind, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) equivalent concentrations in samples of soil, air, and lichens collected in the study region were used to assess human exposure through different pathways, including inhalation of air and soil particles, ingestion of soil, and dermal contact with soil. Human health risk was calculated through the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR). BaP equivalent concentrations found in the region ranged from 6.9 to 46.05 ng BaPeq/g in lichens, from 16.45 to 162.02 ng BaPeq/g in soils, and from 0.02 to 0.16 ng BaPeq/m³ in air, indicative of high variability in this regional area. Human exposure to PAH varied between 976 and 42,877 ng BaPeq/d. When considering all exposure pathways, ILCR values were between 10⁻⁴ and 10⁻³. Considering only inhalation, ILCR values were between 10⁻⁶ and 10⁻⁵. The main risk seemed to arise from soil (either ingestion or inhalation of resuspended soil particles). The high spatial resolution of our environmental data allowed for detection of critical exposure levels at unexpected sites. Our results identified important areas where health studies on local populations need to be focused, and where environmental levels of PAH need to be monitored over time in order to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Augusto
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Lisbon, Portugal
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França S, Vasconcelos RP, Tanner S, Máguas C, Costa MJ, Cabral HN. Assessing food web dynamics and relative importance of organic matter sources for fish species in two Portuguese estuaries: a stable isotope approach. Mar Environ Res 2011; 72:204-215. [PMID: 21958908 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N) were used to analyse food web dynamics of two of the main estuaries of the Portuguese coast: Tejo and Mira. The ultimate sources of organic matter supporting production of some of the most abundant and commercially important fish species were determined; and seasonal, inter- and intra- estuarine differences in the trophic relations among producers and consumers were identified. Stable isotope analysis was performed in different producers, primary consumers (main prey items for fish) and fish species (Solea solea, Solea senegalensis, Pomatoschistus microps, Dicentrarchus labrax, Liza ramada, Diplodus vulgaris and Atherina presbyter) of two areas in each estuary, in July and October 2009. Model calculations showed that the main prey for the fish species in the Tejo estuary used mostly salt marsh-derived organic matter as nutritional sources, with no marked differences between the sampled months. Trophic levels of fish species from the same estuary differed at multiple scales: inter-species, seasonally and spatially (both between and within estuaries). Significant differences in isotopic composition of fish species were more pronounced spatially (between the two sampled areas in the estuary) than seasonally (between sampled months). Trophic relationships in both estuaries demonstrated that organic matter is transferred to higher trophic positions mainly through benthic pathways. This shows the flexibility of these species to share resources and to exploit temporary peaks in prey populations. The present results showed that extensive disturbance in intertidal habitats from both estuaries may potentially change the balance of organic matter in the base of these complex food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana França
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Rodrigues C, Brunner M, Steiman S, Bowen GJ, Nogueira JMF, Gautz L, Prohaska T, Máguas C. Isotopes as tracers of the Hawaiian coffee-producing regions. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:10239-46. [PMID: 21838232 PMCID: PMC3256934 DOI: 10.1021/jf200788p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Green coffee bean isotopes have been used to trace the effects of different climatic and geological characteristics associated with the Hawaii islands. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ((MC)-ICP-SFMS and ICP-QMS) were applied to determine the isotopic composition of carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), sulfur (δ34S), and oxygen (δ18O), the isotope abundance of strontium (87Sr/86Sr), and the concentrations of 30 different elements in 47 green coffees. The coffees were produced in five Hawaii regions: Hawaii, Kauai, Maui, Molokai, and Oahu. Results indicate that coffee plant seed isotopes reflect interactions between the coffee plant and the local environment. Accordingly, the obtained analytical fingerprinting could be used to discriminate between the different Hawaii regions studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rodrigues
- Stable Isotopes and Instrumental Analysis Facility (SIIAF), Center for Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ed. C2, Room 2.1.16, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Pinho P, Dias T, Cruz C, Sim Tang Y, Sutton MA, Martins-Loução MA, Máguas C, Branquinho C. Using lichen functional diversity to assess the effects of atmospheric ammonia in Mediterranean woodlands. J Appl Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rascher KG, Große-Stoltenberg A, Máguas C, Werner C. Understory Invasion by Acacia longifolia Alters the Water Balance and Carbon Gain of a Mediterranean Pine Forest. Ecosystems 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-011-9453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Augusto S, Gonzalez C, Vieira R, Máguas C, Branquinho C. Evaluating sources of PAHs in urban streams based on land use and biomonitors. Environ Sci Technol 2011; 45:3731-3738. [PMID: 21410193 DOI: 10.1021/es1036332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be found in wastewaters and sewages released from industries and/or urban areas. When discharged untreated to stream waters, they can be a problem to human health. This work represents the first attempt to use PAH and metal concentrations in aquatic moss transplants together with land-use information to identify water pollution sources in urban areas. To do this, the moss Fontinalis antipyretica was collected from a natural stream and transplanted to four different streams in a densely populated area of Lisbon, Portugal. After three months of exposure, mosses were collected and analyzed for metals and for the 16 priority PAHs recommended by the U.S. EPA. Urban streams seem to have a scattered contamination of 6-ring PAHs. Correlations among land-use, metal concentrations, and PAH concentrations indicated that areas occupied by activities of tertiary and industrial sectors had higher PAH concentrations in transplanted mosses, mainly for the sum of the 16 EPA-PAHs and for the 2-, 3- and 5-ringed PAHs, than areas occupied by urban and wooded areas. These PAHs were associated with enhanced Zn and Cu and land use activities that linked the sites to high traffic density. Industrial land use influences PAH concentration in water up to 1000 m of distance from the stream, whereas tertiary sector land use influences it up to 500 m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Augusto
- Universidade de Lisboa , Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Biologia Ambiental (CBA), FCUL, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Hellmann C, Sutter R, Rascher KG, Máguas C, Correia O, Werner C. Impact of an exotic N2-fixing Acacia on composition and N status of a native Mediterranean community. Acta Oecologica 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
In this study we measured δ¹³C in various carbon pools along the basipetal transport pathway in co-occurring Pinus pinaster and Acacia longifolia trees under Mediterranean climate conditions in the field. Overall, species differences in photosynthetic discrimination resulted in more enriched δ¹³C values in the water-conserving overstory P. pinaster relative to the water-spending understory invasive A. longifolia. Post-photosynthetic fractionation effects resulted in differences in δ¹³C of water-soluble organic matter pools along the plant axis with progressive depletion in δ¹³C from the canopy to the trunk (∼6.5‰ depletion in A. longifolia and ∼0.8‰ depletion in P. pinaster). Regardless of these fractionation effects, phloem sap δ¹³C in both terminal branches and the main stem correlated well with environmental parameters driving photosynthesis for both species, indicating that phloem sap δ¹³C has potential as an integrative tracer of changes in canopy carbon discrimination (Δ¹³C). Furthermore, we illustrate that a simple model based on sap flow estimated canopy stomatal conductance (G(S)) and phloem sap δ¹³C measurements has significant potential as a tool for estimating canopy-level carbon assimilation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Rascher
- Exp. and Systems Ecology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Keidel A, von Stetten D, Rodrigues C, Máguas C, Hildebrandt P. Discrimination of green arabica and Robusta coffee beans by Raman spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:11187-11192. [PMID: 20942389 DOI: 10.1021/jf101999c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an approach that may be applied as an accurate and rapid tool for classifying coffee beans on the basis of the specific kahweol content. Using Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy with 1064 nm excitation it is possible to monitor the characteristic Raman bands of kahweol in green coffee beans without chemical and physical processing of the beans. The procedure was optimized on the basis of 83 and 125 measurements of whole and ground beans, respectively, using coffee samples of two different species, Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora L. (var. Robusta), and different origins (Asia, Africa, and South America). The relative contribution of the kahweol in individual beans can be determined quantitatively by means of a component analysis of the spectra, yielding a spectral kahweol index (σka) that is proportional to the relative content of kahweol in a coffee bean. The reproducibility of the spectroscopic measurement and analysis was found to be 3.5%. Individual beans of the same type and origin reveal a scattering of the σka values. Nevertheless, an unambiguous distinction between Arabica and Robusta samples is possible on the basis of single-bean measurements as the σka values are greater than and less than 10 for Arabica and Robusta coffees, respectively. Measurements of whole and ground beans afforded very similar results, despite the heterogeneous distribution of kahweol within a bean. Unlike conventional analytical techniques, the single-bean sensitivity of the present approach may also allow for a rapid detection of unwanted admixtures of low-value Robusta coffee to high-quality and more expensive Arabica coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Keidel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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Rodrigues C, Máguas C, Prohaska T. Strontium and oxygen isotope fingerprinting of green coffee beans and its potential to proof authenticity of coffee. Eur Food Res Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-010-1362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Unger S, Máguas C, Pereira JS, Aires LM, David TS, Werner C. Disentangling drought-induced variation in ecosystem and soil respiration using stable carbon isotopes. Oecologia 2010; 163:1043-57. [PMID: 20217141 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Combining C flux measurements with information on their isotopic composition can yield a process-based understanding of ecosystem C dynamics. We studied the variations in both respiratory fluxes and their stable C isotopic compositions (delta(13)C) for all major components (trees, understory, roots and soil microorganisms) in a Mediterranean oak savannah during a period with increasing drought. We found large drought-induced and diurnal dynamics in isotopic compositions of soil, root and foliage respiration (delta(13)C(res)). Soil respiration was the largest contributor to ecosystem respiration (R (eco)), exhibiting a depleted isotopic signature and no marked variations with increasing drought, similar to ecosystem respired delta(13)CO(2), providing evidence for a stable C-source and minor influence of recent photosynthate from plants. Short-term and diurnal variations in delta(13)C(res) of foliage and roots (up to 8 and 4 per thousand, respectively) were in agreement with: (1) recent hypotheses on post-photosynthetic fractionation processes, (2) substrate changes with decreasing assimilation rates in combination with increased respiratory demand, and (3) decreased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in drying roots, while altered photosynthetic discrimination was not responsible for the observed changes in delta(13)C(res). We applied a flux-based and an isotopic flux-based mass balance, yielding good agreement at the soil scale, while the isotopic mass balance at the ecosystem scale was not conserved. This was mainly caused by uncertainties in Keeling plot intercepts at the ecosystem scale due to small CO(2) gradients and large differences in delta(13)C(res) of the different component fluxes. Overall, stable isotopes provided valuable new insights into the drought-related variations of ecosystem C dynamics, encouraging future studies but also highlighting the need of improved methodology to disentangle short-term dynamics of isotopic composition of R (eco).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Unger
- Department of Experimental and Systems Ecology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25 W4-114, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Augusto S, Máguas C, Matos J, Pereira MJ, Branquinho C. Lichens as an integrating tool for monitoring PAH atmospheric deposition: a comparison with soil, air and pine needles. Environ Pollut 2010; 158:483-9. [PMID: 19782448 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 08/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate lichens as biomonitors of PAH atmospheric deposition; for that, an inter-comparison between the PAH profile and concentrations intercepted in lichens with those of air, soil and pine needles was performed. The study was conducted in a petro-industrial area and the results showed that PAH profiles in lichens were similar to those of the air and pine needles, but completely different from those of soils. Lichens accumulated higher PAH concentrations when compared to the other environmental compartments and its concentrations were significantly and linearly correlated with concentrations of PAHs in soil; we showed that a translation of the lichen PAHs concentrations into regulatory standards is possible, fulfilling one of the most important requirements of using lichens as biomonitors. With lichens we were then able to characterize the air PAHs profile of urban, petro-industrial and background areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Augusto
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Biology (CBA), FCUL, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Sampaio L, Freitas R, Máguas C, Rodrigues A, Quintino V. Coastal sediments under the influence of multiple organic enrichment sources: An evaluation using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. Mar Pollut Bull 2010; 60:272-282. [PMID: 19796774 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sediment descriptors (grain size, total volatile solids, redox potential) and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were used to trace the origin of organic matter in a coastal area under multiple organic enrichment sources (urban outfall and a major estuary). The sediments fines content and total volatile solids were similar to outfall pre-operation period (1994), but the incorporation of terrestrial organic matter within the sediments located closer to the outfall was diagnosed by depleted (13)C values (-24.2+/-0.38 per thousand) and (15)N values (2.4+/-0.93 per thousand). Data also indicated depleted nitrogen signature at larger distances from the outfall than the carbon signature, due to confounding sediment grain size properties. Analysis in the bivalve Abra alba gave the same results for both isotopes and thus allowed a coherent interpretation of the spatial extent of the organic enrichment, highlighting the importance of bringing a biological element into the environmental assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Sampaio
- CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Abstract
The stable isotopic composition of water is routinely used as a tracer to study water exchange processes in vascular plants and ecosystems. To date, no study has focussed on isotope processes in non-vascular, poikilohydric organisms such as lichens and bryophytes. To understand basic isotope exchange processes of non-vascular plants, thallus water isotopic composition was studied in various green-algal lichens exposed to desiccation. The study indicates that lichens equilibrate with the isotopic composition of surrounding water vapour. A model was developed as a proof of concept that accounts for the specific water relations of these poikilohydric organisms. The approach incorporates first their variable thallus water potential and second a compartmentation of the thallus water into two isotopically distinct but connected water pools. Moreover, the results represent first steps towards the development of poikilohydric organisms as a recorder of ambient vapour isotopic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Hartard
- Department of Experimental Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, P.O. Box 3049, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 14/262, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Stable Isotopes Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Biology, FCUL, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matthias Cuntz
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, P.O. Box 100164, 07701 Jena, Germany
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Stable Isotopes Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Biology, FCUL, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michael Lakatos
- Department of Experimental Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, P.O. Box 3049, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 14/262, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Stable Isotopes Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Biology, FCUL, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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Augusto S, Máguas C, Branquinho C. Understanding the performance of different lichen species as biomonitors of atmospheric dioxins and furans: potential for intercalibration. Ecotoxicology 2009; 18:1036-1042. [PMID: 19590956 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-009-0360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the performance of two lichen species--Xanthoria parietina and Ramalina canariensis--as biomonitors of the toxic organic compounds dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs). For that purpose, the concentrations and profiles of PCDD/Fs found in samples of these two lichen species were compared. Results showed that R. canariensis presented higher concentrations than X. parietina and that the PCDD/F homologue profiles were substantially different between these species. Xanthoria parietina appeared to be a more efficient interceptor of more chlorinated PCDD/Fs and also of particles, whereas R. canariensis mainly reflected less chlorinated PCDD/Fs. Results also showed that the PCDD/F profile of X. parietina differed from the one found in other foliose and fruticose lichen species. Despite the differences observed between the profiles of R. canariensis and X. parietina, the calibration of PCDD/F concentrations between the two species was achieved, allowing the biomonitoring of PCDD/Fs at a regional scale using both species simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Augusto
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Biology (CBA), University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, Piso 5, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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Augusto S, Máguas C, Matos J, Pereira MJ, Soares A, Branquinho C. Spatial modeling of PAHs in lichens for fingerprinting of multisource atmospheric pollution. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 43:7762-7769. [PMID: 19921891 DOI: 10.1021/es901024w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PAHs are toxic compounds emitted by several anthropogenic sources, which have a great impact on human health. We show, for the first time, how spatial models based on PAHs intercepted by lichens can be used for fingerprinting multisource atmospheric pollution in a regional area. Urban-industrial areas showed the highest atmospheric deposition of PAHs followed by urban > industrial > agricultural > forest Multivariate analysis of lichen data showed, for the first time, a clear distinction between various sources of PAHs in the same area: urban are dominated by 4-ring PAHs, forest by 3-ring PAHs, and industrial by 5- and 6-ring PAHs or by 2-ring PAHs (petrogenic or pyrogenic, respectively). Heavy metals were also used for supporting the fingerprinting of PAH sources, reinforcing the industrial origin of 5- and 6-ring PAHs and revealing their particular nature. The spatial structure of the models for different PAHs seems to be dependent on the following factors: size and hydrophilic character of different PAHs, type of emission sources (point or nonpoint), and dispersion associated with particulates of different sizes. Based on the long-term integration of PAHs in lichens, these spatial models will significantly improve our knowledge on the impact of PAH chronic-exposure to humans and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Augusto
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Biology (CBA), University of Lisbon, FCUL, Lisboa, Portugal
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Rodrigues CI, Maia R, Miranda M, Ribeirinho M, Nogueira J, Máguas C. Stable isotope analysis for green coffee bean: A possible method for geographic origin discrimination. J Food Compost Anal 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2008.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pinho P, Augusto S, Martins-Loução MA, Pereira MJ, Soares A, Máguas C, Branquinho C. Causes of change in nitrophytic and oligotrophic lichen species in a Mediterranean climate: impact of land cover and atmospheric pollutants. Environ Pollut 2008; 154:380-389. [PMID: 18222577 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of determining the main drivers of changes in nitrophytic and oligotrophic macro-lichen communities in an industrial region with a Mediterranean climate, we considered both land-cover types and atmospheric pollutants. We determined the relation between the abundance of nitrophytic and oligotrophic species with environmental factors considering the distance of influence of land-cover types. The results showed that oligotrophic species decreased in the proximity of artificial areas, barren land and agricultural areas, associated with higher concentrations of NO2 and Zn, and Ti, probably dust of industrial and agricultural origin. Nitrophytic species were positively related to all the mentioned land-cover types, and with higher concentrations of Fe and N. Magnesium, probably from ocean aerosols, was negatively related to oligotrophic species and positively to nitrophytic.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pinho
- Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Ecologia e Biologia Vegetal, Universidade de Lisboa, edifício C4, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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Hartard B, Máguas C, Lakatos M. Delta(18)O characteristics of lichens and their effects on evaporative processes of the subjacent soil. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2008; 44:111-128. [PMID: 18320432 DOI: 10.1080/10256010801887521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The study presents first data on the delta(18)O performance of poikilohydrous lichen ground cover, and its potential impact on the isotopic composition of water fluxes arising from subjacent soil layers. As a model organism, the globally distributed lichen Cladina arbuscula was studied under laboratory conditions as well as in the field. During a desiccation experiment, delta(18)O of the lichen's thallus water and of its respired CO(2) became enriched by approximately 7 per thousand and followed a similar enrichment pattern to that expected from homoiohydrous, vascular plants. However, the observed degree of enrichment was lower in comparison to vascular plants due to (i) the lichen's inherent lower evaporative resistances; and (ii) a stronger effect of the more depleted surrounding water vapour. In lichens growing in their natural habitat, this specific pattern may show substantial variations depending on prevailing microclimatic conditions. Within a field study, thallus water delta(18)O of lichens principally proved to become more depleted when close to equilibration with the surroundings. It thereby strongly depended on the absorption of surrounding water vapour. Moreover, the results indicate that lichen mats substantially reduce evaporation rates arising from subjacent soil layers, and may alter the isotopic signal of vapour diffusing away from these layers into more depleted values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Hartard
- Division of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Pinho P, Augusto S, Máguas C, Pereira MJ, Soares A, Branquinho C. Impact of neighbourhood land-cover in epiphytic lichen diversity: analysis of multiple factors working at different spatial scales. Environ Pollut 2008; 151:414-22. [PMID: 17659819 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to determine the impact of neighbourhood land-cover in epiphytic lichen diversity. We used geostatistics to analyse the spatial structure of lichen-indicators (number of lichen species and Lichen Diversity Value) and correlate them to land-cover considering different distances from the observed data. The results showed that lichen diversity was influenced by different environmental factors that act in the same territory but impact lichens at different distances from the source. The differences in the distance of influence of the several land-cover types seem to be related to the size of pollutants/particles that predominantly are dispersed by each land-cover type. We also showed that a local scale of analysis gives a deeper insight into the understanding of lichen richness and abundance in the region. This work highlighted the importance of a multiple spatial scale of analysis to deeply interpret the relation between lichen diversity and the underling environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pinho
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Ecologia e Biologia Vegetal (CEBV), Lisboa, Portugal
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Branquinho C, Gaio-Oliveira G, Augusto S, Pinho P, Máguas C, Correia O. Biomonitoring spatial and temporal impact of atmospheric dust from a cement industry. Environ Pollut 2008; 151:292-9. [PMID: 17664032 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the spatial and temporal impact of dust-pollution in the vicinity of a cement industry, located in an area with dry climate. The spatial impact integrated over time was evaluated from the concentrations of Ca, Fe and Mg in in-situ Xanthoria parietina. The temporal pattern was assessed through one-month transplants of the lichen Ramalina canariensis. Four potential sources of atmospheric dust were evaluated: the limestone-quarry; the unpaved roads, the deposit area and the cement mill. Calcium concentration in lichens was considered the best cement-dust indicator. Different types of dust (clinker and grinded-limestone-dust) resulted in different time-patterns of Ca accumulation, which was also related with the different influence that wet and dry periods have in the lichen accumulation process. The dust pollution was found to be deposited locally and dependent on: the nature of dust particles and the volume and frequency of precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Branquinho
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Ecologia e Biologia Vegetal, Campo Grande, Edifício C2, Piso 4, Lisboa, Portugal.
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