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Eriksson JW, Pereira MJ, Kagios C, Kvernby S, Lundström E, Fanni G, Lundqvist MH, Carlsson BCL, Sundbom M, Tarai S, Lubberink M, Kullberg J, Risérus U, Ahlström H. Short-term effects of obesity surgery versus low-energy diet on body composition and tissue-specific glucose uptake: a randomised clinical study using whole-body integrated 18F-FDG-PET/MRI. Diabetologia 2024:10.1007/s00125-024-06150-3. [PMID: 38656372 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Obesity surgery (OS) and diet-induced weight loss rapidly improve insulin resistance. We aim to investigate the impact of either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery compared with a diet low in energy (low-calorie diet; LCD) on body composition, glucose control and insulin sensitivity, assessed both at the global and tissue-specific level in individuals with obesity but not diabetes. METHODS In this parallel group randomised controlled trial, patients on a waiting list for OS were randomised (no blinding, sealed envelopes) to either undergo surgery directly or undergo an LCD before surgery. At baseline and 4 weeks after surgery (n=15, 11 RYGB and 4 SG) or 4 weeks after the start of LCD (n=9), investigations were carried out, including an OGTT and hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps during which concomitant simultaneous whole-body [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI was performed. The primary outcome was HOMA-IR change. RESULTS One month after bariatric surgery and initiation of LCD, both treatments induced similar reductions in body weight (mean ± SD: -7.7±1.4 kg and -7.4±2.2 kg, respectively), adipose tissue volume (7%) and liver fat content (2% units). HOMA-IR, a main endpoint, was significantly reduced following OS (-26.3% [95% CI -49.5, -3.0], p=0.009) and non-significantly following LCD (-20.9% [95% CI -58.2, 16.5). For both groups, there were similar reductions in triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin were also significantly reduced only following OS. There was an increase in glucose AUC in response to an OGTT in the OS group (by 20%) but not in the LCD group. During hyperinsulinaemia, only the OS group showed a significantly increased PET-derived glucose uptake rate in skeletal muscle but a reduced uptake in the heart and abdominal adipose tissue. Both liver and brain glucose uptake rates were unchanged after surgery or LCD. Whole-body glucose disposal and endogenous glucose production were not significantly affected. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The short-term metabolic effects seen 4 weeks after OS are not explained by loss of body fat alone. Thus OS, but not LCD, led to reductions in fasting plasma glucose and insulin resistance as well as to distinct changes in insulin-stimulated glucose fluxes to different tissues. Such effects may contribute to the prevention or reversal of type 2 diabetes following OS. Moreover, the full effects on whole-body insulin resistance and plasma glucose require a longer time than 4 weeks. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02988011 FUNDING: This work was supported by AstraZeneca R&D, the Swedish Diabetes Foundation, the European Union's Horizon Europe Research project PAS GRAS, the European Commission via the Marie Sklodowska Curie Innovative Training Network TREATMENT, EXODIAB, the Family Ernfors Foundation, the P.O. Zetterling Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, the Agnes and Mac Rudberg Foundation and the Uppsala University Hospital ALF grants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christakis Kagios
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Kvernby
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Molecular Imaging and Medical Physics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elin Lundström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin H Lundqvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn C L Carlsson
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sundbom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sambit Tarai
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Molecular Imaging and Medical Physics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden.
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Barbosa P, Pinho A, Lázaro A, Paula D, Tralhão JG, Paiva A, Pereira MJ, Carvalho E, Laranjeira P. Bariatric Surgery Induces Alterations in the Immune Profile of Peripheral Blood T Cells. Biomolecules 2024; 14:219. [PMID: 38397455 PMCID: PMC10886753 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is closely linked to obesity and obesity-related comorbidities; therefore, immune cells have become an important topic in obesity research. Here, we performed a deep phenotypic characterization of circulating T cells in people with obesity, using flow cytometry. Forty-one individuals with obesity (OB) and clinical criteria for bariatric surgery were enrolled in this study. We identified and quantified 44 different circulating T cell subsets and assessed their activation status and the expression of immune-checkpoint molecules, immediately before (T1) and 7-18 months after (T2) the bariatric surgery. Twelve age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (nOB) were also recruited. The OB participants showed higher leukocyte counts and a higher percentage of neutrophils. The percentage of circulating Th1 cells were negatively correlated to HbA1c and insulin levels. OB Th1 cells displayed a higher activation status and lower PD-1 expression. The percentage of Th17 and Th1/17 cells were increased in OB, whereas the CD4+ Tregs' percentage was decreased. Interestingly, a higher proportion of OB CD4+ Tregs were polarized toward Th1- and Th1/17-like cells and expressed higher levels of CCR5. Bariatric surgery induced the recovery of CD4+ Treg cell levels and the expansion and activation of Tfh and B cells. Our results show alterations in the distribution and phenotype of circulating T cells from OB people, including activation markers and immune-checkpoint proteins, demonstrating that different metabolic profiles are associated to distinct immune profiles, and both are modulated by bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barbosa
- University of Coimbra, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Aryane Pinho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Department of Life Science, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Lázaro
- General Surgery Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.); (D.P.); (J.G.T.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo Paula
- General Surgery Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.); (D.P.); (J.G.T.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José G. Tralhão
- General Surgery Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.); (D.P.); (J.G.T.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Paiva
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-076 Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Paula Laranjeira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-076 Coimbra, Portugal
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Vranic M, Ahmed F, Kristófi R, Hetty S, Mokhtari D, Svensson MK, Eriksson JW, Pereira MJ. Subcutaneous adipose tissue dopamine D2 receptor is increased in prediabetes and T2D. Endocrine 2024; 83:378-391. [PMID: 37752366 PMCID: PMC10850013 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the dopaminergic signaling in human adipose tissue in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and potential direct implications in adipose tissue metabolism. METHODS mRNA and protein expression of dopamine receptors D1 and D2 (DRD1 and DRD2) were determined in subcutaneous adipose tissue from subjects without or with T2D and with different body weight, and correlated with markers of obesity, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Glucose uptake and lipolysis were measured in adipocytes ex vivo following short-term exposure to dopamine, DRD1 receptor agonist (SKF81297), or DRD2 receptor agonist (bromocriptine). RESULTS DRD1 and DRD2 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue correlated positively with clinical markers of insulin resistance (e.g. HOMA-IR, insulin, and triglycerides) and central obesity in subjects without T2D. Protein expression of DRD2 in subcutaneous adipose tissue, but not DRD1, is higher in subjects with impaired fasting glucose and T2D and correlated positively with hyperglycemia, HbA1c, and glucose AUC, independent of obesity status. DRD1 and DRD2 proteins were mainly expressed in adipocytes, compared to stromal vascular cells. Dopamine and dopaminergic agonists did not affect adipocyte glucose uptake ex vivo, but DRD1 and DRD2 agonist treatment inhibited isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis. CONCLUSION The results suggest that protein expression of DRD2 in subcutaneous adipose tissue is up-regulated with hyperglycemia and T2D. Whether DRD2 protein levels contribute to T2D development or occur as a secondary compensatory mechanism needs further investigation. Additionally, dopamine receptor agonists inhibit adipocyte beta-adrenergic stimulation of lipolysis, which might contribute to the beneficial effects in lipid metabolism as observed in patients taking bromocriptine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Vranic
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fozia Ahmed
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Kristófi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dariush Mokhtari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria K Svensson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Renal Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Lundqvist MH, Pereira MJ, Almby K, Hetty S, Eriksson JW. Regulation of the Cortisol Axis, Glucagon, and Growth Hormone by Glucose Is Altered in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e675-e688. [PMID: 37708362 PMCID: PMC10795937 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin-antagonistic, counter-regulatory hormones have been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). OBJECTIVE In this cross-sectional study, we investigated whether glucose-dependent regulation of such hormones differ in individuals with T2D, prediabetes (PD), and normoglycemia (NG). METHODS Fifty-four individuals with or without T2D underwent one hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemic-hypoglycemic and one hyperglycemic clamp with repeated hormonal measurements. Participants with T2D (n = 19) were compared with a group-matched (age, sex, BMI) subset of participants without diabetes (ND, n = 17), and also with participants with PD (n = 18) and NG (n = 17). RESULTS In T2D vs ND, glucagon levels were higher and less suppressed during the hyperglycemic clamp whereas growth hormone (GH) levels were lower during hypoglycemia (P < .05). Augmented ACTH response to hypoglycemia was present in PD vs NG (P < .05), with no further elevation in T2D. In contrast, glucagon and GH alterations were more marked in T2D vs PD (P < .05).In the full cohort (n = 54), augmented responses of glucagon, cortisol, and ACTH and attenuated responses of GH correlated with adiposity, dysglycemia, and insulin resistance. In multilinear regressions, insulin resistance was the strongest predictor of elevated hypoglycemic responses of glucagon, cortisol, and ACTH. Conversely, fasting glucose and HbA1c were the strongest predictors of low GH levels during hypoglycemia and elevated, i.e. less suppressed glucagon levels during hyperglycemia, respectively. Notably, adiposity measures were also strongly associated with the responses above. CONCLUSIONS Altered counter-regulatory hormonal responses to glucose variations are observed at different stages of T2D development and may contribute to its progression by promoting insulin resistance and dysglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Lundqvist
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Almby
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Benedet PO, Safikhan NS, Pereira MJ, Lum BM, Botezelli JD, Kuo CH, Wu HL, Craddock BP, Miller WT, Eriksson JW, Yue JTY, Conway EM. CD248 promotes insulin resistance by binding to the insulin receptor and dampening its insulin-induced autophosphorylation. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104906. [PMID: 38061240 PMCID: PMC10750038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of new treatments, the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its morbidities continue to rise. The key feature of T2D is resistance of adipose tissue and other organs to insulin. Approaches to overcome insulin resistance are limited due to a poor understanding of the mechanisms and inaccessibility of drugs to relevant intracellular targets. We previously showed in mice and humans that CD248, a pre/adipocyte cell surface glycoprotein, acts as an adipose tissue sensor that mediates the transition from healthy to unhealthy adipose, thus promoting insulin resistance. METHODS Molecular mechanisms by which CD248 regulates insulin signaling were explored using in vivo insulin clamp studies and biochemical analyses of cells/tissues from CD248 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice with diet-induced insulin resistance. Findings were validated with human adipose tissue specimens. FINDINGS Genetic deletion of CD248 in mice, overcame diet-induced insulin resistance with improvements in glucose uptake and lipolysis in white adipose tissue depots, effects paralleled by increased adipose/adipocyte GLUT4, phosphorylated AKT and GSK3β, and reduced ATGL. The insulin resistance of the WT mice could be attributed to direct interaction of the extracellular domains of CD248 and the insulin receptor (IR), with CD248 acting to block insulin binding to the IR. This resulted in dampened insulin-mediated autophosphorylation of the IR, with reduced downstream signaling/activation of intracellular events necessary for glucose and lipid homeostasis. INTERPRETATION Our discovery of a cell-surface CD248-IR complex that is accessible to pharmacologic intervention, opens research avenues toward development of new agents to prevent/reverse insulin resistance. FUNDING Funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Canada Foundations for Innovation (CFI), the Swedish Diabetes Foundation, Family Ernfors Foundation and Novo Nordisk Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia O Benedet
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nooshin S Safikhan
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology & Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Bryan M Lum
- Department of Physiology, Alberta Diabetes Institute and Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - José Diego Botezelli
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Barbara P Craddock
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - W Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology & Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Jessica T Y Yue
- Department of Physiology, Alberta Diabetes Institute and Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Edward M Conway
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Barbosa P, Pinho A, Lázaro A, Rosendo-Silva D, Paula D, Campos J, Tralhão JG, Pereira MJ, Paiva A, Laranjeira P, Carvalho E. CD8 + Treg cells play a role in the obesity-associated insulin resistance. Life Sci 2024; 336:122306. [PMID: 38030055 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-related chronic low-grade inflammation may trigger insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. Cells with regulatory phenotype have been shown to be reduced during obesity, especially CD4+ Treg cells. However, little is known about the CD8+ Treg cells. Therefore, we aim to characterize the CD8+ Treg cells in human peripheral blood and adipose tissue, specifically, to address the effect of obesity and insulin resistance in this regulatory immune cell population. A group of 42 participants with obesity (OB group) were recruited. Fourteen of them were evaluated pre- and post-bariatric surgery. A group of age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (n = 12) was also recruited (nOB group). CD8+ Treg cell quantification and phenotype were evaluated by flow cytometry, in peripheral blood (PB), subcutaneous (SAT), and visceral adipose tissues (VAT). The OB group displayed a higher percentage of CD8+ Treg cells in PB, compared to the nOB. In addition, they were preferentially polarized into Tc1- and Tc1/17-like CD8+ Treg cells, compared to nOB. Moreover, SAT displayed the highest content of CD8+ Tregs infiltrated, compared to PB or VAT, while CD8+ Tregs infiltrating VAT displayed a higher percentage of cells with Tc1-like phenotype. Participants with pre-diabetes displayed a reduced percentage of TIM-3+CD8+ Tregs in circulation, and PD-1+CD8+ Tregs infiltrated in the VAT. An increase in the percentage of circulating Tc1-like CD8+ Treg cells expressing PD-1 was observed post-surgery. In conclusion, obesity induces significant alterations in CD8+ Treg cells, affecting their percentage and phenotype, as well as the expression of important immune regulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barbosa
- University of Coimbra, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aryane Pinho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Science, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Lázaro
- General Surgery Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Rosendo-Silva
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo Paula
- General Surgery Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Campos
- General Surgery Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José G Tralhão
- General Surgery Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Artur Paiva
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-076 Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Laranjeira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-076 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Hetty S, Vranic M, Kamble PG, Lundqvist MH, Pereira MJ, Eriksson JW. CABLES1 expression is reduced in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in obesity and type 2 diabetes but may not directly impact adipocyte glucose and lipid metabolism. Adipocyte 2023; 12:2242997. [PMID: 37555665 PMCID: PMC10413912 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2242997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cdk5 and Abl enzyme substrate 1 (CABLES1) is a cell cycle regulator that has previously been identified as a candidate gene for obesity-related phenotypes, but little is known about its role in adipose tissue metabolism. In this study, we explore the role of CABLES1 in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We performed gene expression analysis of SAT obtained from subjects with and without T2D, and from a second validation cohort consisting of subjects without T2D. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to perform CABLES1 loss-of-function studies in human primary preadipocytes and assessed them functionally after differentiation. CABLES1 gene expression in SAT was decreased in T2D by almost 25%, and inversely associated with insulin resistance markers and hyperglycaemia. mRNA levels were reduced with increasing BMI and negatively correlated with obesity markers. We found that adipocytes are likely the main CABLES1-expressing cell type in SAT, but CABLES1 depletion in adipocytes caused no phenotypical changes in regards to differentiation, glucose uptake, or expression of key genes of adipocyte function. These findings suggest that CABLES1 gene expression in SAT might be altered in obesity and T2D as a consequence of metabolic dysregulation rather than being a causal factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hetty
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Milica Vranic
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Prasad G Kamble
- Innovation Strategies & External Liaison, Pharmaceutical Technologies & Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Martin H Lundqvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ahmed F, Vranic M, Hetty S, Mathioudaki A, Patsoukaki V, Fanni G, Pereira MJ, Eriksson JW. Increased OCT3 Expression in Adipose Tissue With Aging: Implications for Catecholamine and Lipid Turnover and Insulin Resistance in Women. Endocrinology 2023; 165:bqad172. [PMID: 37972266 PMCID: PMC10690730 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis is reduced with aging, which may promote adiposity and insulin resistance. Organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3), which is inhibited by estradiol (E2), mediates catecholamine transport into adipocytes for degradation, thus decreasing lipolysis. In this study, we investigated the association of OCT3 mRNA levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with aging and markers of insulin resistance in women. METHODS SAT biopsies were obtained from 66 women with (19) or without (47) type 2 diabetes (age 22-76 years, 20.0-40.1 kg/m2). OCT3 mRNA and protein levels were measured for group comparisons and correlation analysis. SAT was incubated with E2 and OCT3 mRNA levels were measured. Associations between OCT3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and diabetes-associated traits were assessed. RESULTS OCT3 mRNA and protein levels in SAT increased with aging. SAT from postmenopausal women had higher levels of OCT3 than premenopausal women, and there was a dose-dependent reduction in OCT3 mRNA levels in SAT treated with E2. OCT3 mRNA levels were negatively associated with markers of insulin resistance, and ex vivo lipolysis. OCT3 SNPs were associated with BMI, waist to hip ratio, and circulating lipids (eg, triglycerides). CONCLUSION OCT3 mRNA and protein levels in SAT increased with aging, and mRNA levels were negatively associated with markers of insulin resistance. E2 incubation downregulated OCT3 mRNA levels, which may explain lower OCT3 mRNA in premenopausal vs postmenopausal women. High OCT3 protein levels in adipose tissue may result in increased catecholamine degradation, and this can contribute to the reduction in lipolysis observed in women with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Ahmed
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Milica Vranic
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Argyri Mathioudaki
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vagia Patsoukaki
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Lundqvist MH, Pereira MJ, Eriksson JW. Glucose-dependent inflammatory responses in obese compared to lean individuals. Endocrine 2023; 81:464-476. [PMID: 37400734 PMCID: PMC10403442 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is characterized by chronic inflammation that may contribute to insulin resistance and promote type 2 diabetes. We have investigated whether inflammatory responses to glycemic and insulinemic variations are altered in obese individuals. METHODS Eight obese and eight lean individuals without diabetes had undergone hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic clamps in a previous study. Using Proximity Extension Assay, 92 inflammatory markers were analyzed from plasma samples at fasting, hyperinsulinemia-euglycemia, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. RESULTS In all participants, hyperinsulinemia, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia led to reductions of 11, 19 and 62 out of the 70 fully evaluable biomarkers, respectively. FGF-21 increased during both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia while IL-6 and IL-10 increased during hypoglycemia. In obese vs lean participants, Oncostatin-M, Caspase-8 and 4E-BP1 were more markedly suppressed during hypoglycemia, whereas VEGF-A was more markedly suppressed during hyperglycemia. BMI correlated inversely with changes of PD-L1 and CD40 during hyperinsulinemia, Oncostatin-M, TNFSF14, FGF-21 and 4EBP-1 during hypoglycemia and CCL23, VEGF-A and CDCP1 during hyperglycemia (Rho ≤ -0.50). HbA1c correlated positively with changes of MCP-2 and IL-15-RA during hyperinsulinemia (Rho ≥ 0.51) and inversely with changes of CXCL1, MMP-1 and Axin-1 during hypoglycemia (Rho ≤ -0.55). M-value correlated positively with changes of IL-12B and VEGF-A during hyperglycemia (Rho ≥ 0.51). Results above were significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, hyperinsulinemia, hypo- and hyperglycemia led to suppression of several inflammatory markers and this tended to be more marked in individuals with obesity, insulin resistance and dysglycemia. Thus, acute glycemic or insulinemic variations do not seem to potentiate possible inflammatory pathways in the development of insulin resistance and disturbed glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Lundqvist
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Costa C, Costa F, Trota A, Borges PAV, Monjardino P, Pereira MJ. Terra Nostra Garden 2023 dataset of Camellia species, hybrids and their cultivars (Azores, Portugal). Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e109193. [PMID: 38318510 PMCID: PMC10840510 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e109193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Camellias cultivars collections, comprising an exquisite array of meticulously bred and curated camellia varieties, emerged as indispensable elements within the resplendent 19th century gardens that adorned landscapes across the globe. The heart of Terra Nostra Garden, nestled within the captivating surroundings of the Furnas volcano on S. Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal), started in the year 1782 as an enchanting fishpond garden, strategically positioned in front of the summer house belonging to the esteemed Thomas Hickling, the American vice-consul. Soon this garden was enlarged and embellished with species from several continents. This tradition continued during all the 19th century with the Viscount Duarte Borges da Câmara Medeiros (1848-1872) and his son the Marquis António Borges Medeiros Dias da Câmara e Sousa (1872-1913). In 1933, the 12 hectares property was acquired by the Terra Nostra Society, led by Vasco Bensaude and increased to 12.5 hectares. In 1935, the current Terra Nostra Garden Hotel was inaugurated and, two years later, the Terra Nostra Society reopened the botanical garden attached to the hotel, now called Terra Nostra Garden. Beginning in 1982, the Head Gardener embarked on a transformative journey, dedicating his expertise to the meticulous renovation and expansion of numerous botanical collections nestled within the garden's enchanting landscapes. Amongst the remarkable transformations, the revered camellias collection received special attention, as it underwent a comprehensive rejuvenation process under his skilful guidance. The recent publication of a global digital dataset of Camellia names provides the opportunity to publish the dataset of Camellia species, hybrids and its cultivars currently cultivated at Terra Nostra Garden with their validated names. New information In June 2023, a total of 669 Camellia phenotypes were identified across the 12.5 hectares of Terra Nostra Garden. These phenotypes include 38 species, 178 hybrids and 637 cultivars. Camelliajaponica represents 81.7% of the 459 species cultivars, while C. x williamsii accounts for 32% of 178 hybrid cultivars. The most prevalent genotypes in Camellia hybrids with known parentage are those of C.japonica, C.saluenensis and C.reticulata present respectively in 64.1%, 45.5% and 37.9% of the hybrids. Regarding cultivar registration, 46.9% were registered in the US, followed by 13% from Japan and 10.8% from Portugal. Although the most ancient cultivar registered growing at the garden is Camelliareticulata Lindl. 'Damanao' from 1621, the majority (69.4%) of cultivars in the garden were registered in the 20th century, followed by the 19th century cultivars (20.7%). One cultivar, Camellia 'Patrícia Bensaude Fernandes', was produced and registered specifically by this garden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Costa
- Terra Nostra Garden Hotel, Rua Padre José Jacinto Botelho 5, 9675-061, Furnas, Azores, PortugalTerra Nostra Garden Hotel, Rua Padre José Jacinto Botelho 5, 9675-061Furnas, AzoresPortugal
| | - Fernando Costa
- Terra Nostra Garden Hotel, Rua Padre José Jacinto Botelho 5, 9675-061, Furnas, Azores, PortugalTerra Nostra Garden Hotel, Rua Padre José Jacinto Botelho 5, 9675-061Furnas, AzoresPortugal
| | - António Trota
- CGeo -Centre of Geosciences (University of Coimbra) and University of the Azores - Campus de Ponta Delgada, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 9500-321, Ponta Delgada, Azores, PortugalCGeo -Centre of Geosciences (University of Coimbra) and University of the Azores - Campus de Ponta Delgada, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 9500-321Ponta Delgada, AzoresPortugal
| | - Paulo A. V. Borges
- cE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability InstitutcE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalcE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability InstitutcE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
| | - Paulo Monjardino
- CBA – Centre of Biotecnology of the Azores, University of the Azores - Campus de Angra do Heroísmo, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalCBA – Centre of Biotecnology of the Azores, University of the Azores - Campus de Angra do Heroísmo, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
| | - Maria J. Pereira
- CBA – Centre of Biotecnology of the Azores, University of the Azores - Campus de Ponta Delgada, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 9500-321, Ponta Delgada, Azores, PortugalCBA – Centre of Biotecnology of the Azores, University of the Azores - Campus de Ponta Delgada, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 9500-321Ponta Delgada, AzoresPortugal
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11
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Costa JR, Pereira MJ, Pedrosa SS, Gullón B, de Carvalho NM, Pintado ME, Madureira AR. Sugarcane Straw as a Source of Arabinoxylans: Optimization and Economic Viability of a Two-Step Alkaline Extraction. Foods 2023; 12:2280. [PMID: 37372491 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane processing produces a significant amount of byproducts in the form of straw and bagasse, which are rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. This work aims to provide a valorization approach to sugarcane straw by optimizing a two-step alkaline extraction of arabinoxylans by a response surface methodology to evaluate a potential industrial-scale production. Sugarcane straws were delignified using an alkaline-sulfite pretreatment, followed by alkaline extraction and precipitation of arabinoxylan, a two-step process optimized using a response surface methodology. A KOH concentration of (2.93-17.1%) and temperature (18.8-61.2 °C) were chosen as independent variables, and the arabinoxylan yield (%) as a response variable. The model application shows that KOH concentration, temperature, and the interaction between both independent variables are significant in extracting arabinoxylans from straw. The best-performing condition was further characterized by FTIR, DSC, and chemical and molecular weight evaluation. The straws arabinoxylans presented high purities levels, ca. 69.93%, and an average molecular weight of 231 kDa. The overall estimated production cost of arabinoxylan from straw was 0.239 €/g arabinoxylan. This work demonstrates a two-step alkaline extraction of the arabinoxylans method, as well as their chemical characterization and economic viability analysis, that can be used as a model for industrial scale-up production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Costa
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Pereira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia S Pedrosa
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Gullón
- Departamento de Enxeñaría Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Nelson M de Carvalho
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Pintado
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Madureira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Alikin D, Zakharchuk K, Xie W, Romanyuk K, Pereira MJ, Arias-Serrano BI, Weidenkaff A, Kholkin A, Kovalevsky AV, Tselev A. Quantitative Characterization of Local Thermal Properties in Thermoelectric Ceramics Using "Jumping-Mode" Scanning Thermal Microscopy. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2201516. [PMID: 36775977 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric conversion may take a significant share in future energy technologies. Oxide-based thermoelectric composite ceramics attract attention for promising routes for control of electrical and thermal conductivity for enhanced thermoelectric performance. However, the variability of the composite properties responsible for the thermoelectric performance, despite nominally identical preparation routes, is significant, and this cannot be explained without detailed studies of thermal transport at the local scale. Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is a scanning probe microscopy method providing access to local thermal properties of materials down to length scales below 100 nm. To date, realistic quantitative SThM is shown mostly for topographically very smooth materials. Here, methods for SThM imaging of bulk ceramic samples with relatively rough surfaces are demonstrated. "Jumping mode" SThM (JM-SThM), which serves to preserve the probe integrity while imaging rough surfaces, is developed and applied. Experiments with real thermoelectric ceramics show that the JM-SThM can be used for meaningful quantitative imaging. Quantitative imaging is performed with the help of calibrated finite-elements model of the SThM probe. The modeling reveals non-negligible effects associated with the distributed nature of the resistive SThM probes used; corrections need to be made depending on probe-sample contact thermal resistance and probe current frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Alikin
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Kiryl Zakharchuk
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Konstantin Romanyuk
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Maria J Pereira
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Blanca I Arias-Serrano
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Anke Weidenkaff
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Materials Recycling and Resource Strategies IWKS, 63755, Alzenau, Germany
| | - Andrei Kholkin
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Andrei V Kovalevsky
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Alexander Tselev
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
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Torres AN, Tavares L, Pereira MJ, Eriksson JW, Jones JG. Positional and compositional analysis of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in human adipose tissue triglyceride by 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance. NMR Biomed 2023; 36:e4632. [PMID: 34676601 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and turnover of triglyceride in adipose tissue involves enzymes with preferences for specific fatty acid classes and/or regioselectivity regarding the fatty acid position within the glycerol moiety. The focus of the current study was to characterize both the composition of fatty acids and their positional distribution in triglycerides of biopsied human subcutaneous adipose tissue, from subjects with wide ranges of body mass index (BMI) and insulin sensitivity, using 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The triglyceride sn2 position was significantly more enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids compared with that of sn1,3, while the abundance of saturated fatty acids was significantly lower in the sn2 position compared with that of sn1,3. Furthermore, the analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the total fraction of palmitoleic acid with both BMI and insulin sensitivity scores (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index). Additionally, we established that 13 C NMR chemical shifts for ω-3 signals, centered at 31.9 ppm, provided superior resolution of the most abundant fatty acid species, including palmitoleate, compared with the ω-2 signals that were used previously. 13 C NMR spectroscopy reveals for the first time a highly nonhomogenous distribution of fatty acids in the glycerol sites of human adipose tissue triglyceride, and that these distributions are correlated with different phenotypes, such as BMI and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra N Torres
- Metabolism, Aging and Disease, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Ludgero Tavares
- Metabolism, Aging and Disease, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
- CIVG - Vasco da Gama Research Center, University School Vasco da Gama - EUVG, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John G Jones
- Metabolism, Aging and Disease, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
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14
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Vranic M, Ahmed F, Hetty S, Sarsenbayeva A, Ferreira V, Fanni G, Valverde ÁM, Eriksson JW, Pereira MJ. Effects of the second-generation antipsychotic drugs aripiprazole and olanzapine on human adipocyte differentiation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 561:111828. [PMID: 36526026 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), used as the cornerstone treatment for schizophrenia and other mental disorders, can cause adverse metabolic effects (e.g. obesity and type 2 diabetes). We investigated the effects of SGAs on adipocyte differentiation and metabolism. The presence of therapeutic concentrations of aripiprazole (ARI) or its active metabolite dehydroaripiprazole (DARI) during human adipocyte differentiation impaired adipocyte glucose uptake while the expression of gene markers of fatty acid oxidation were increased. Additionally, the use of a supra-therapeutic concentration of ARI inhibited adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, olanzapine (OLA), a highly obesogenic SGA, directly increased leptin gene expression but did not affect adipocyte differentiation and metabolism. These molecular insights are novel, and suggest that ARI, but not OLA, may directly act via alterations in adipocyte differentiation and potentially by causing a switch from glucose to lipid utilization in human adipocytes. Additionally, SGAs may effect crosstalk with other organs, such as the brain, to exert their adverse metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Vranic
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Fozia Ahmed
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Assel Sarsenbayeva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Vitor Ferreira
- IIBm Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Giovanni Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- IIBm Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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15
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Fanni G, Eriksson JW, Pereira MJ. Several Metabolite Families Display Inflexibility during Glucose Challenge in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: An Untargeted Metabolomics Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010131. [PMID: 36677056 PMCID: PMC9863788 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic inflexibility is a hallmark of insulin resistance and can be extensively explored with high-throughput metabolomics techniques. However, the dynamic regulation of the metabolome during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is largely unknown. We aimed to identify alterations in metabolite responses to OGTT in subjects with T2D using untargeted metabolomics of both plasma and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) samples. Twenty subjects with T2D and twenty healthy controls matched for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) were profiled with untargeted metabolomics both in plasma (755 metabolites) and in the SAT (588) during an OGTT. We assessed metabolite concentration changes 90 min after the glucose load, and those responses were compared between patients with T2D and controls. Post-hoc analyses were performed to explore the associations between glucose-induced metabolite responses and markers of obesity and glucose metabolism, sex, and age. During the OGTT, T2D subjects had an impaired reduction in plasma levels of several metabolite families, including acylcarnitines, amino acids, acyl ethanolamines, and fatty acid derivates (p < 0.05), compared to controls. Additionally, patients with T2D had a greater increase in plasma glucose and fructose levels during the OGTT compared to controls (p < 0.05). The plasma concentration change of most metabolites after the glucose load was mainly associated with indices of hyperglycemia rather than insulin resistance, insulin secretion, or BMI. In multiple linear regression analyses, hyperglycemia indices (glucose area under the curve (AUC) during OGTT and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)) were the strongest predictors of plasma metabolite changes during the OGTT. No differences were found in the adipose tissue metabolome in response to the glucose challenge between T2D and controls. Using a metabolomics approach, we show that T2D patients display attenuated responses in several circulating metabolite families during an OGTT. Besides the well-known increase in monosaccharides, the glucose-induced lowering of amino acids, acylcarnitines, and fatty acid derivatives was attenuated in T2D subjects compared to controls. These data support the hypothesis of inflexibility in several metabolic pathways, which may contribute to dysregulated substrate partitioning and turnover in T2D. These findings are not directly associated with changes in adipose tissue metabolism; therefore, other tissues, such as muscle and liver, are probably of greater importance.
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Pereira MJ, Chong E, Molina JAD, Ng SHX, Goh EF, Zhu B, Chan M, Lim WS. Evaluating Quality-of-Life, Length of Stay and Cost-Effectiveness of a Front-Door Geriatrics Program: An Exploratory Proof-of-Concept Study. J Frailty Aging 2023; 12:214-220. [PMID: 37493382 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2022.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Emergency Department Interventions for Frailty (EDIFY) program was developed to deliver early geriatric specialist interventions at the Emergency Department (ED). EDIFY has been successful in reducing acute admissions among older adults. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the effectiveness of EDIFY in improving health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) and length of stay (LOS), and evaluate EDIFY's cost-effectiveness. DESIGN A quasi-experiment study. SETTING The ED of a 1700-bed tertiary hospital. PARTICIPANTS Patients (≥85 years) pending acute hospital admission and screened by the EDIFY team to be potentially suitable for discharge or transfer to low-acuity care areas. INTERVENTION EDIFY versus standard-care. MEASUREMENTS Data on demographics, comorbidities, premorbid function, and frailty status were gathered. HRQOL was measured using EQ-5D-5L over 6 months. We used a crosswalk methodology to compute Singapore-specific index scores from EQ-5D-5L responses and calculated quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained. LOS and bills in Singapore-dollars (SGD) before subsidy from ED attendances (including admissions, if applicable) were obtained. We estimated average programmatic EDIFY cost and performed multiple imputation (MI) for missing data. QALYs gained, LOS and cost were compared. Potential uncertainties were also examined. RESULTS Among 100 participants (EDIFY=43; standard-care=57), 61 provided complete data. For complete cases, there were significant QALYs gained at 3-month (coefficient=0.032, p=0.004) and overall (coefficient=0.096, p=0.002) for EDIFY, whilst treatment cost was similar between-groups. For MI, we observed only overall QALYs gained for EDIFY (coefficient=0.102, p=0.001). EDIFY reduced LOS by 17% (Incident risk ratio=0.83, p=0.015). In a deterministic sensitivity analysis, EDIFY's cost-threshold was SGD$2,500, and main conclusions were consistent in other uncertainty scenarios. Mean bills were: EDIFY=SGD$4562.70; standard-care=SGD$5530.90. EDIFY's average programmatic cost approximated SGD$469.30. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory proof-of-concept study found that EDIFY benefits QALYs and LOS, with equivalent cost, and is potentially cost-effective. The program has now been established as standard-care for older adults attending the ED at our center.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Pereira
- Michelle Jessica Pereira, National Healthcare Group, Health Services and Outcomes Research, Singapore,
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Ferreira V, Folgueira C, Guillén M, Zubiaur P, Navares M, Sarsenbayeva A, López-Larrubia P, Eriksson JW, Pereira MJ, Abad-Santos F, Sabio G, Rada P, Valverde ÁM. Modulation of hypothalamic AMPK phosphorylation by olanzapine controls energy balance and body weight. Metabolism 2022; 137:155335. [PMID: 36272468 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are a mainstay therapy for schizophrenia. SGA-treated patients present higher risk for weight gain, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Herein, we evaluated the effects of olanzapine (OLA), widely prescribed SGA, in mice focusing on changes in body weight and energy balance. We further explored OLA effects in protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B deficient (PTP1B-KO) mice, a preclinical model of leptin hypersensitivity protected against obesity. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and PTP1B-KO mice were fed an OLA-supplemented diet (5 mg/kg/day, 7 months) or treated with OLA via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or by oral gavage (10 mg/kg/day, 8 weeks). Readouts of the crosstalk between hypothalamus and brown or subcutaneous white adipose tissue (BAT and iWAT, respectively) were assessed. The effects of intrahypothalamic administration of OLA with adenoviruses expressing constitutive active AMPKα1 in mice were also analyzed. RESULTS Both WT and PTP1B-KO mice receiving OLA-supplemented diet presented hyperphagia, but weight gain was enhanced only in WT mice. Unexpectedly, all mice receiving OLA via i.p. lost weight without changes in food intake, but with increased energy expenditure (EE). In these mice, reduced hypothalamic AMPK phosphorylation concurred with elevations in UCP-1 and temperature in BAT. These effects were also found by intrahypothalamic OLA injection and were abolished by constitutive activation of AMPK in the hypothalamus. Additionally, OLA i.p. treatment was associated with enhanced Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH)-positive innervation and less sympathetic neuron-associated macrophages in iWAT. Both central and i.p. OLA injections increased UCP-1 and TH in iWAT, an effect also prevented by hypothalamic AMPK activation. By contrast, in mice fed an OLA-supplemented diet, BAT thermogenesis was only enhanced in those lacking PTP1B. Our results shed light for the first time that a threshold of OLA levels reaching the hypothalamus is required to activate the hypothalamus BAT/iWAT axis and, therefore, avoid weight gain. CONCLUSION Our results have unraveled an unexpected metabolic rewiring controlled by hypothalamic AMPK that avoids weight gain in male mice treated i.p. with OLA by activating BAT thermogenesis and iWAT browning and a potential benefit of PTP1B inhibition against OLA-induced weight gain upon oral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Alberto Sols (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Cintia Folgueira
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Guillén
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Alberto Sols (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Zubiaur
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain; UICEC Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Platform SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Navares
- UICEC Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Platform SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Assel Sarsenbayeva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pilar López-Larrubia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Alberto Sols (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francisco Abad-Santos
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain; UICEC Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Platform SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Rada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Alberto Sols (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Spain.
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Alberto Sols (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Spain.
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Diamanti K, Cavalli M, Pereira MJ, Pan G, Castillejo-López C, Kumar C, Mundt F, Komorowski J, Deshmukh AS, Mann M, Korsgren O, Eriksson JW, Wadelius C. Organ-specific metabolic pathways distinguish prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and normal tissues. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100763. [PMID: 36198307 PMCID: PMC9589007 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and genetic factors cause defects in pancreatic islets driving type 2 diabetes (T2D) together with the progression of multi-tissue insulin resistance. Mass spectrometry proteomics on samples from five key metabolic tissues of a cross-sectional cohort of 43 multi-organ donors provides deep coverage of their proteomes. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology terms provides a tissue-specific map of altered biological processes across healthy, prediabetes (PD), and T2D subjects. We find widespread alterations in several relevant biological pathways, including increase in hemostasis in pancreatic islets of PD, increase in the complement cascade in liver and pancreatic islets of PD, and elevation in cholesterol biosynthesis in liver of T2D. Our findings point to inflammatory, immune, and vascular alterations in pancreatic islets in PD that are hypotheses to be tested for potential contributions to hormonal perturbations such as impaired insulin and increased glucagon production. This multi-tissue proteomic map suggests tissue-specific metabolic dysregulations in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klev Diamanti
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Cavalli
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J. Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gang Pan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Casimiro Castillejo-López
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chanchal Kumar
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden,Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated CardioMetabolic Center (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Filip Mundt
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Komorowski
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland,Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA,Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Atul S. Deshmukh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Mann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,Department of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan W. Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claes Wadelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,Corresponding author
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Fanni G, Katsogiannos P, Nandi Jui B, Sundbom M, Hetty S, Pereira MJ, Eriksson JW. Response of multiple hormones to glucose and arginine challenge in T2DM after gastric bypass. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-22-0172. [PMID: 35904227 PMCID: PMC9346340 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) leads to beneficial metabolic adaptations, including enhanced incretin secretion, beta-cell function, and systemic insulin sensitivity. We explored the impact of RYGB on pituitary, pancreatic, gut hormones, and cortisol responses to parenteral and enteral nutrient stimulation in patients with obesity and T2DM with repeated sampling up to 2 years after intervention. METHODS We performed exploratory post hoc analyses in a previously reported randomized trial. Levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, growth hormone (GH), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), peptide YY (PYY), ACTH, insulin, and glucagon were measured in 13 patients with T2DM and obesity at four different visits: before and 4, 24, and 104 weeks after RYGB; and in three sequential conditions on the same day: fasting, intravenous arginine challenge, and OGTT. RESULTS RYGB surprisingly induced a rise in ACTH, cortisol, and GH levels upon an oral glucose load, together with enhanced GLP-1 and PYY responses. Fasting and post-arginine GH levels were higher after RYGB, whereas insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, GIP, and cortisol were lower. These endocrine adaptations were seen as early as 4 weeks after surgery and were maintained for up to 2 years. CONCLUSION These findings indicate adaptations of glucose sensing mechanisms and responses in multiple endocrine organs after RYGB, involving the gut, pancreatic islets, the pituitary gland, the adrenals, and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petros Katsogiannos
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bipasha Nandi Jui
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sundbom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to J Eriksson:
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20
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Ahmed F, Kamble PG, Hetty S, Fanni G, Vranic M, Sarsenbayeva A, Kristófi R, Almby K, Svensson MK, Pereira MJ, Eriksson JW. Role of Estrogen and Its Receptors in Adipose Tissue Glucose Metabolism in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1879-e1889. [PMID: 35084504 PMCID: PMC9016422 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Reduced estrogen levels in postmenopausal women predispose them to metabolic side effects, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes; however, the cellular mechanisms are not well understood. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to study the expression of estrogen receptors in adipose tissue from pre- and postmenopausal women and the effects of estradiol (E2) on glucose uptake of adipocytes. METHODS Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) obtained from pre- and postmenopausal women (19-51 and 46-75 years old, respectively) were used to measure gene expression of ESR1 and ESR2. SAT tissue was incubated with E2, and glucose uptake and estrogen receptor levels were measured. Polymorphisms in ESR1 and ESR2 were addressed in public databases to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with metabolic traits. RESULTS ESR2 expression was lower in pre- vs postmenopausal women, corresponding to lower ESR1:ESR2 gene expression ratio in postmenopausal women. In premenopausal women, the expression of ESR1 was higher in VAT than in SAT. In both pre- and postmenopausal women, ESR2 expression was lower in VAT than in SAT. In late, but not pre- or early postmenopausal women, E2 reduced glucose uptake and GLUT4 protein and increased expression of ESR2. ESR1 polymorphisms were associated with weight, body fat distribution, and total cholesterol, and ESR2 polymorphisms were associated with total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and with body fat percentage. CONCLUSION E2 inhibits glucose utilization in human adipocytes in late postmenopausal women. Changes in glucose utilization over time since menopause may be explained by a lower ESR1:ESR2 ratio. This can have clinical implications on the timing of estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Ahmed
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Milica Vranic
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Assel Sarsenbayeva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Kristófi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Almby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria K Svensson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Renal Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: Jan W Eriksson, MD Prof, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. E-mail:
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21
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Pereira MJ, Vranic M, Kamble PG, Jernow H, Kristófi R, Holbikova E, Skrtic S, Kullberg J, Svensson MK, Hetty S, Eriksson JW. CDKN2C expression in adipose tissue is reduced in type II diabetes and central obesity: impact on adipocyte differentiation and lipid storage? Transl Res 2022; 242:105-121. [PMID: 34896253 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CDKN2C/p18 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2C) is a cell growth regulator that controls cell cycle progression and has previously been associated with increased risk for type II diabetes (T2D) and reduced peripheral adipose tissue (AT) storage capacity. This study explored the role of CDKN2C in AT lipid and glucose metabolism in T2D. Expression of CDKN2C and other genes was analyzed by transcriptomics, or real-time PCR in subcutaneous AT (SAT) samples obtained from T2D and control subjects matched for sex, age and BMI and also in paired SAT and omental AT (OAT) samples. Functional studies included adipocyte glucose uptake and lipolysis rates. CRISPR/Cas9 CDKN2C gene knockdown was performed in human preadipocytes to assess adipogenesis. CDKN2C mRNA expression in SAT and OAT was reduced in T2D and obese subjects compared to controls. CDKN2C expression in SAT was inversely correlated with measures of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and visceral adiposity and positively correlated with expression of genes in several metabolic pathways, including insulin signaling and fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism. CDKN2C protein was mainly expressed in adipocytes compared to stromal vascular cells, and its gene and protein expression was up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation. Knockdown of CDKN2C did not affect the percentage of differentiating cells compared to wild type cultures. However, CDKN2C knockdown cultures had significantly lower expression of differentiation markers CEBPA, ADIPOQ and FASN and transiently reduced lipid accumulation per adipocyte during differentiation. Our findings suggest that adipose CDKN2C expression might be reduced as a consequence of insulin resistance and obesity, and this can further contribute to impairment of SAT lipid storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Milica Vranic
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henning Jernow
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Kristófi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ema Holbikova
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- Innovation Strategies & External Liaison, Pharmaceutical Technologies & Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria K Svensson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Renal Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sarsenbayeva A, Pereira MJ, Nandi Jui B, Ahmed F, Dipta P, Fanni G, Almby K, Kristófi R, Hetty S, Eriksson JW. Excess glucocorticoid exposure contributes to adipose tissue fibrosis which involves macrophage interaction with adipose precursor cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114976. [PMID: 35202577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to elevated glucocorticoid levels, as seen in patients with Cushing's syndrome, can induce adipose tissue fibrosis. Macrophages play a pivotal role in adipose tissue remodelling. We used the synthetic glucocorticoid analogue dexamethasone to address glucocorticoid effects on adipose tissue fibrosis, in particular involving macrophage to preadipocyte communication. We analysed the direct effects of dexamethasone at a supra-physiological level, 0.3 µM, on gene expression of pro-fibrotic markers in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. The effects of dexamethasone on the differentiation of human SGBS preadipocytes were assessed in the presence or absence of THP1-macrophages or macrophage-conditioned medium. We measured the expression of different pro-fibrotic factors, including α-smooth muscle actin gene (ACTA2) and protein (α-SMA). Dexamethasone increased the expression of pro-fibrotic genes, e.g. CTGF, COL6A3, FN1, in adipose tissue. Macrophages abolished preadipocyte differentiation and increased the expression of the ACTA2 gene and α-SMA protein in preadipocytes after differentiation. Exposure to dexamethasone during differentiation reduced adipogenesis in preadipocytes, and elevated the expression of pro-fibrotic genes. Moreover, dexamethasone added together with macrophages further increased ACTA2 and α-SMA expression in preadipocytes, making them more myofibroblast-like. Cells differentiated in the presence of conditioned media from macrophages pretreated with or without dexamethasone had a higher expression of profibrotic genes compared to control cells. Our data suggest that macrophages promote adipose tissue fibrosis by directly interfering with preadipocyte differentiation and stimulating gene expression of pro-fibrotic factors. Excess glucocorticoid exposure also has pro-fibrotic effect on adipose tissue, but this requires the presence of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assel Sarsenbayeva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bipasha Nandi Jui
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fozia Ahmed
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Priya Dipta
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giovanni Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Almby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Kristófi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Pereira MJ, Andersson‐Assarsson JC, Jacobson P, Kamble P, Taube M, Sjöholm K, Carlsson LMS, Svensson P. Human adipose tissue gene expression of solute carrier family 19 member 3 ( SLC19A3); relation to obesity and weight-loss. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:21-31. [PMID: 35127120 PMCID: PMC8804923 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue is a specialized endocrine organ that is involved in modulating whole-body energy homeostasis and expresses a specific subset of genes, which may play a role in adipose tissue metabolism. The aim of this study was to search for novel adipose tissue-specific genes using a tissue panel of RNAseq expression profiles. METHODS RNAseq expression profiles from 53 human tissues were downloaded from the GTex database. SLC19A3 expression was analyzed by microarray or real-time PCR in two sets of paired subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue samples, in two studies with adipose tissue from persons with high or low body mass index (BMI), in adipose tissue from patients who underwent weight loss with a very-low caloric diet and during preadipocyte-adipocyte differentiation. RESULTS The RNAseq-based tissue distribution expression screen identified SLC19A3 (encoding the thiamine transporter 2) as adipose tissue-specific. SLC19A3 expression was higher in subcutaneous compared with omental adipose tissue in both sample sets (p = 0.043 and p < 0.001). Preadipocyte differentiation towards adipocytes resulted in increased SLC19A3 gene expression (p = 0.018 or less at all-time points). Subcutaneous adipose tissue expression of SLC19A3 was lower in persons with high BMI in both cohorts (p = 0.008, and p < 0.001) and increased during a weight-loss intervention (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION The specific adipose tissue expression pattern of SLC19A3, together with its regulation in obesity and during weight loss, indicate that it plays a key role in adipocyte metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Pereira
- Department of Medical SciencesClinical Diabetes and MetabolismUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Johanna C. Andersson‐Assarsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Peter Jacobson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Prasad Kamble
- Department of Medical SciencesClinical Diabetes and MetabolismUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Magdalena Taube
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Kajsa Sjöholm
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Lena M. S. Carlsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Per‐Arne Svensson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences at the Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Sousa
- CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henrique A. Matos
- CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Pereira
- CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Almby KE, Katsogiannos P, Pereira MJ, Karlsson FA, Sundbom M, Wiklund U, Kamble PG, Eriksson JW. Time Course of Metabolic, Neuroendocrine, and Adipose Effects During 2 Years of Follow-up After Gastric Bypass in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4049-e4061. [PMID: 34086911 PMCID: PMC8475218 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) markedly improves glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but underlying mechanisms and changes over time are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE Integrated assessment of neuroendocrine and metabolic changes over time in T2D patients undergoing RYGB. DESIGN AND SETTING Follow-up of single-center randomized study. PATIENTS Thirteen patients with obesity and T2D compared to 22 healthy subjects. INTERVENTIONS Blood chemistry, adipose biopsies, and heart rate variability were obtained before and 4, 24, and 104 weeks post-RYGB. RESULTS After RYGB, glucose-lowering drugs were discontinued and hemoglobin A1c fell from mean 55 to 41 mmol/mol by 104 weeks (P < 0.001). At 4 weeks, morning cortisol (P < 0.05) and adrenocorticotropin (P = 0.09) were reduced by 20%. Parasympathetic nerve activity (heart rate variability derived) increased at 4 weeks (P < 0.05) and peaked at 24 weeks (P < 0.01). C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cells were rapidly reduced (P < 0.01). At 104 weeks, basal and insulin-stimulated adipocyte glucose uptake increased by 3-fold vs baseline and expression of genes involved in glucose transport, fatty acid oxidation, and adipogenesis was upregulated (P < 0.01). Adipocyte volume was reduced by 4 weeks and more markedly at 104 weeks, by about 40% vs baseline (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We propose this order of events: (1) rapid glucose lowering (days); (2) attenuated cortisol axis activity and inflammation and increased parasympathetic tone (weeks); and (3) body fat and weight loss, increased adipose glucose uptake, and whole-body insulin sensitivity (months-years; similar to healthy controls). Thus, neuroendocrine pathways can partly mediate early glycemic improvement after RYGB, and adipose factors may promote long-term insulin sensitivity and normoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Almby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Sundbom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Urban Wiklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: Jan W Eriksson, MD, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Jensen NK, Ingvorsen C, Petersen DR, Pereira MJ, Lu TTH, Alsted TJ, Kirkegaard JS, Keane KA. Characterization of the Nonendocrine Cell Populations in Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived (hESC) Islet-Like Clusters Posttransplantation. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:1269-1287. [PMID: 34555946 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211036395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Islet-like clusters derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) hold the potential to cure type 1 diabetes mellitus. Differentiation protocols of islet-like clusters lead to the generation of minor fractions of nonendocrine cells, which are mainly from endodermal and mesodermal lineages, and the risk of implanting these is unclear. In the present study, the histogenesis and the tumorigenicity of nonendocrine cells were investigated in vivo. Immunodeficient mice were implanted under the kidney capsule with islet-like clusters which were derived from differentiation of cells batches with either an intermediate or poor cell purity and followed for 8 or 26 weeks. Using immunohistochemistry and other techniques, it was found that the intermediate differentiated cell implants had limited numbers of small duct-like cysts and nonpancreatic tissue resembling gastrointestinal and retinal pigmented epithelium. In contrast, highly proliferative cystic teratomas were found at a high incidence at the implant site after 8 weeks, only in the animals implanted with the poorly differentiated cells. These findings indicate that the risk for teratoma formation and the amount of nonpancreatic tissue can be minimized by careful in-process characterization of the cells and thus highlights the importance of high purity at transplantation and a thorough ex-vivo characterization during cell product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai K Jensen
- Toxicology Development Projects, GDDS, 1450Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Camilla Ingvorsen
- Stem Cell Imaging and Pharmacology, Stem Cell R&D, 1450Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Dorthe R Petersen
- Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell R&D, 1450Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Stem Cell Imaging and Pharmacology, Stem Cell R&D, 1450Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Tess T H Lu
- Target Discovery, Ochre Bio Taiwan Ltd, Taipei City
| | - Thomas J Alsted
- Stem Cell Imaging and Pharmacology, Stem Cell R&D, 1450Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Kevin A Keane
- Stem Cell Imaging and Pharmacology, Stem Cell R&D, 1450Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
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Sarsenbayeva A, Jui BN, Fanni G, Barbosa P, Ahmed F, Kristófi R, Cen J, Chowdhury A, Skrtic S, Bergsten P, Fall T, Eriksson JW, Pereira MJ. Impaired HMG-CoA Reductase Activity Caused by Genetic Variants or Statin Exposure: Impact on Human Adipose Tissue, β-Cells and Metabolome. Metabolites 2021; 11:574. [PMID: 34564389 PMCID: PMC8468287 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase is associated with an increased risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes. We studied the association of genetic or pharmacological HMG-CoA reductase inhibition with plasma and adipose tissue (AT) metabolome and AT metabolic pathways. We also investigated the effects of statin-mediated pharmacological inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase on systemic insulin sensitivity by measuring the HOMA-IR index in subjects with or without statin therapy. The direct effects of simvastatin (20-250 nM) or its active metabolite simvastatin hydroxy acid (SA) (8-30 nM) were investigated on human adipocyte glucose uptake, lipolysis, and differentiation and pancreatic insulin secretion. We observed that the LDL-lowering HMGCR rs12916-T allele was negatively associated with plasma phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins, and HMGCR expression in AT was correlated with various metabolic and mitochondrial pathways. Clinical data showed that statin treatment was associated with HOMA-IR index after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, HbA1c, LDL-c levels, and diabetes status in the subjects. Supra-therapeutic concentrations of simvastatin reduced glucose uptake in adipocytes and normalized fatty acid-induced insulin hypersecretion from β-cells. Our data suggest that inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase is associated with insulin resistance. However, statins have a very mild direct effect on AT and pancreas, hence, other tissues as the liver or muscle appear to be of greater importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assel Sarsenbayeva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (B.N.J.); (G.F.); (F.A.); (R.K.); (T.F.); (J.W.E.)
| | - Bipasha Nandi Jui
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (B.N.J.); (G.F.); (F.A.); (R.K.); (T.F.); (J.W.E.)
| | - Giovanni Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (B.N.J.); (G.F.); (F.A.); (R.K.); (T.F.); (J.W.E.)
| | - Pedro Barbosa
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fozia Ahmed
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (B.N.J.); (G.F.); (F.A.); (R.K.); (T.F.); (J.W.E.)
| | - Robin Kristófi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (B.N.J.); (G.F.); (F.A.); (R.K.); (T.F.); (J.W.E.)
| | - Jing Cen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.C.); (A.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Azazul Chowdhury
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.C.); (A.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- Innovation Strategies & External Liaison, Pharmaceutical Technologies & Development, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.C.); (A.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (B.N.J.); (G.F.); (F.A.); (R.K.); (T.F.); (J.W.E.)
| | - Jan W. Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (B.N.J.); (G.F.); (F.A.); (R.K.); (T.F.); (J.W.E.)
| | - Maria J. Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (B.N.J.); (G.F.); (F.A.); (R.K.); (T.F.); (J.W.E.)
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Dipta P, Sarsenbayeva A, Shmuel M, Forno F, Eriksson JW, Pereira MJ, Abalo XM, Wabitsch M, Thaysen-Andersen M, Tirosh B. Macrophage-derived secretome is sufficient to confer olanzapine-mediated insulin resistance in human adipocytes. Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 7:100073. [PMID: 35757056 PMCID: PMC9216267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Rodríguez-Lizana A, Pereira MJ, Ribeiro MC, Soares A, Azevedo L, Miranda-Fuentes A, Llorens J. Spatially variable pesticide application in olive groves: Evaluation of potential pesticide-savings through stochastic spatial simulation algorithms. Sci Total Environ 2021; 778:146111. [PMID: 34030368 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific management using spatial crown volume characterization can greatly reduce the amount of pesticides applied in agricultural treatments performed with air-assisted sprayers, while helping farmers achieve the European legislation on safe use of pesticides. Nevertheless, variable rate treatments in olive groves have received little attention. Thus, field research was conducted in a 20.6-ha traditional olive grove. Two attributes of the trees - tree crown volume (V) and tree projected area - were determined, using 67 samples for V and all trees of the field (1433) for tree projected area. Spatial continuity of both attributes was modelled with exponential variograms. To gain a measure of local uncertainty, stochastic simulation algorithms were applied. One hundred simulated images were obtained for tree projected area using direct sequential simulation. Tree projected area simulations were used to improve spatial prediction of V, more difficult and more expensive to obtain, taking advantage of the high linear correlation between both variables (rxy = 0.72,p < 0.001). Thus, direct sequential cosimulation was employed to predict the spatial distribution of V, obtaining 100 geostatistical realizations of V. In order to estimate the potential reduction of pesticide use in the farm with variable rate treatments, two cut-off values of V were considered (50 and 100 m3crown volume). Local uncertainty, understood as the probability of each tree belonging to a given crown volume interval was determined. Probability maps were further transformed to morphological maps and finally to variable prescription maps. Two scenarios with 2 and 3 management zones (MZs) were obtained. In comparison with a conventional phytosanitary application, the variable rate treatments could reduce the pesticide amounts by 21.3% with 2 MZs, and by 38% with 3 MZs. The joint use of V and tree projected area in stochastic sequential simulation algorithms has shown to be useful to determine MZs in olive groves.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rodríguez-Lizana
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Fluid Mechanics, Area of Rural Engineering, University of Seville, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - M J Pereira
- CERENA, DECivil, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Castro Ribeiro
- CERENA, DECivil, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Soares
- CERENA, DECivil, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L Azevedo
- CERENA, DECivil, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Miranda-Fuentes
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Fluid Mechanics, Area of Rural Engineering, University of Seville, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; Department of Rural Engineering, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Nacional IV, km 396, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Llorens
- Research Group in AgroICT & Precision Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Agrotecnio-Cerca Center, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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Almby KE, Lundqvist MH, Abrahamsson N, Kvernby S, Fahlström M, Pereira MJ, Gingnell M, Karlsson FA, Fanni G, Sundbom M, Wiklund U, Haller S, Lubberink M, Wikström J, Eriksson JW. Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on the Brain: Simultaneous Assessment of Glucose Uptake, Blood Flow, Neural Activity, and Cognitive Function During Normo- and Hypoglycemia. Diabetes 2021; 70:1265-1277. [PMID: 33674408 PMCID: PMC8275889 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in obese individuals typically improves glycemic control and prevents diabetes, it also frequently causes asymptomatic hypoglycemia. Previous work showed attenuated counterregulatory responses following RYGB. The underlying mechanisms as well as the clinical consequences are unclear. In this study, 11 subjects without diabetes with severe obesity were investigated pre- and post-RYGB during hyperinsulinemic normo-hypoglycemic clamps. Assessments were made of hormones, cognitive function, cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling, brain glucose metabolism by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography, and activation of brain networks by functional MRI. Post- versus presurgery, we found a general increase of cerebral blood flow but a decrease of total brain FDG uptake during normoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, there was a marked increase in total brain FDG uptake, and this was similar for post- and presurgery, whereas hypothalamic FDG uptake was reduced during hypoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, attenuated responses of counterregulatory hormones and improvements in cognitive function were seen postsurgery. In early hypoglycemia, there was increased activation post- versus presurgery of neural networks in brain regions implicated in glucose regulation, such as the thalamus and hypothalamus. The results suggest adaptive responses of the brain that contribute to lowering of glycemia following RYGB, and the underlying mechanisms should be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Almby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin H Lundqvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niclas Abrahamsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Kvernby
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus Fahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Gingnell
- Department of Neurosciences and Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Anders Karlsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sundbom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Urban Wiklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sven Haller
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Wikström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Eriksson JW, Visvanathar R, Kullberg J, Strand R, Skrtic S, Ekström S, Lubberink M, Lundqvist MH, Katsogiannos P, Pereira MJ, Ahlström H. Tissue-specific glucose partitioning and fat content in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: whole-body PET/MRI during hyperinsulinemia. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 184:879-889. [PMID: 33852422 DOI: 10.1530/eje-20-1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain direct quantifications of glucose turnover, volumes and fat content of several tissues in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) using a novel integrated approach for whole-body imaging. DESIGN AND METHODS Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps and simultaneous whole-body integrated [18F]FDG-PET/MRI with automated analyses were performed in control (n = 12), prediabetes (n = 16) and T2D (n = 13) subjects matched for age, sex and BMI. RESULTS Whole-body glucose uptake (Rd) was reduced by approximately 25% in T2D vs control subjects, and partitioning to brain was increased from 3.8% of total Rd in controls to 7.1% in T2D. In liver, subcutaneous AT, thigh muscle, total tissue glucose metabolic rates (MRglu) and their % of total Rd were reduced in T2D compared to control subjects. The prediabetes group had intermediate findings. Total MRglu in heart, visceral AT, gluteus and calf muscle was similar across groups. Whole-body insulin sensitivity assessed as glucose infusion rate correlated with liver MRglu but inversely with brain MRglu. Liver fat content correlated with MRglu in brain but inversely with MRglu in other tissues. Calf muscle fat was inversely associated with MRglu only in the same muscle group. CONCLUSIONS This integrated imaging approach provides detailed quantification of tissue-specific glucose metabolism. During T2D development, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal is impaired and increasingly shifted away from muscle, liver and fat toward the brain. Altered glucose handling in the brain and liver fat accumulation may aggravate insulin resistance in several organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism
| | - Robin Visvanathar
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Robin Strand
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- Innovation Strategies & External Liaison, Pharmaceutical Technologies & Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Ekström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
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Katsogiannos P, Kamble PG, Pereira MJ, Sundbom M, Carlsson P, Eriksson JW, Espes D. Changes in Circulating Cytokines and Adipokines After RYGB in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:535-542. [PMID: 33624436 PMCID: PMC7986425 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare cytokine and adipokine levels in patients with obesity with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) at baseline and 6 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) with healthy controls. METHODS A total of 34 patients (21 with T2D) with BMI of 30 to 45 kg/m2 were compared with 25 healthy controls without obesity. Cytokines, adipokines, and peptides of relevance for inflammation and metabolism were analyzed in plasma. RESULTS Significant decreases in weight and glycated hemoglobin A1c were observed. At baseline, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IFN-β, IL-18, leptin, and hepatocyte growth factor were higher in all patients with obesity compared with healthy controls. In patients without T2D, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-15, and visfatin were also increased, whereas bone morphogenic protein-4 was decreased. Following RYGB, IL-6 and hepatocyte growth factor were still increased in both groups compared with controls. In T2D patients, IFN-β, IL-27, IL-1α, IL-2, regenerating islet-derived protein 3A, visfatin, and osteopontin were found to be increased. In patients without T2D, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-15, leptin, and visfatin remained increased. CONCLUSIONS The altered cytokine profile of patients with obesity persisted after RYGB despite large weight loss and improved metabolic status, thus reflecting an inherent inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Katsogiannos
- Department of Medical ScienceClinical Diabetes and MetabolismUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Prasad G. Kamble
- Department of Medical ScienceClinical Diabetes and MetabolismUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Maria J. Pereira
- Department of Medical ScienceClinical Diabetes and MetabolismUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Magnus Sundbom
- Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Per‐Ola Carlsson
- Department of Medical ScienceClinical Diabetes and MetabolismUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Jan W. Eriksson
- Department of Medical ScienceClinical Diabetes and MetabolismUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Daniel Espes
- Department of Medical ScienceClinical Diabetes and MetabolismUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Lundqvist MH, Almby K, Wiklund U, Abrahamsson N, Kamble PG, Pereira MJ, Eriksson JW. Altered hormonal and autonomic nerve responses to hypo- and hyperglycaemia are found in overweight and insulin-resistant individuals and may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:641-655. [PMID: 33241460 PMCID: PMC7864814 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Results from animal models and some clinical work suggest a role for the central nervous system (CNS) in glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis by modulation of glucoregulatory hormones and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The aim of this study was to characterise the neuroendocrine response to various glucose concentrations in overweight and insulin-resistant individuals compared with lean individuals. METHODS Overweight/obese (HI, n = 15, BMI ≥27.0 kg/m2) and lean (LO, n = 15, BMI <27.0 kg/m2) individuals without diabetes underwent hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic-hypoglycaemic clamps and hyperglycaemic clamps on two separate occasions with measurements of hormones, Edinburgh Hypoglycaemic Symptom Scale (ESS) score and heart rate variability (HRV). Statistical methods included groupwise comparisons with Mann-Whitney U tests, multilinear regressions and linear mixed models between neuroendocrine responses and continuous metabolic variables. RESULTS During hypoglycaemic clamps, there was an elevated cortisol response in HI vs LO (median ΔAUC 12,383 vs 4793 nmol/l × min; p = 0.050) and a significantly elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) response in HI vs LO (median ΔAUC 437.3 vs 162.0 nmol/l × min; p = 0.021). When adjusting for clamp glucose levels, obesity (p = 0.033) and insulin resistance (p = 0.009) were associated with elevated glucagon levels. By contrast, parasympathetic activity was less suppressed in overweight individuals at the last stage of hypoglycaemia compared with euglycaemia (high-frequency power of HRV, p = 0.024). M value was the strongest predictor for the ACTH and PHF responses, independent of BMI and other variables. There was a BMI-independent association between the cortisol response and ESS score response (p = 0.024). During hyperglycaemic clamps, overweight individuals displayed less suppression of glucagon levels (median ΔAUC -63.4% vs -73.0%; p = 0.010) and more suppression of sympathetic relative to parasympathetic activity (low-frequency/high-frequency power, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study supports the hypothesis that altered responses of insulin-antagonistic hormones and the ANS to glucose fluctuations occur in overweight and insulin-resistant individuals, and that these responses are probably partly mediated by the CNS. Their potential role in development of type 2 diabetes needs to be addressed in future research. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Almby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Urban Wiklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Sarsenbayeva A, Dipta P, Lundqvist M, Almby KE, Tirosh B, Di Nunzio G, Eriksson JW, Pereira MJ. Human macrophages stimulate expression of inflammatory mediators in adipocytes; effects of second-generation antipsychotics and glucocorticoids on cellular cross-talk. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 125:105071. [PMID: 33360972 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue inflammation and distorted macrophage-adipocyte communication are positively associated with metabolic disturbances. Some pharmacological agents, such as second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) dexamethasone, tend to induce adverse metabolic side effects and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Our work aimed to study whether SGAs and dexamethasone affect macrophage phenotype and macrophage-adipocyte communication on gene expression level. We selected the model involving THP-1-derived macrophages, polarized into M0, M1, and M2 phenotypes, and primary human mature subcutaneous adipocytes. METHODS Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue needle biopsies were obtained from 6 healthy subjects (4F/2M; age: 22-64 yr; BMI: 21.7-27.6 kg/m2) followed by isolation of mature adipocytes. THP-1-human monocytic cell line was used for the study. THP-1 monocytes were differentiated and polarized into M0 (naïve), M1 (classically activated), and M2 (alternatively activated) macrophages. During and after polarization the macrophages were treated for 24 h without (control) or with therapeutic and supra-therapeutic concentrations of olanzapine (0.2 µM and 2.0 µM), aripiprazole (1.0 µM and 10 µM) and its active metabolite dehydroaripiprazole (0.4 µM and 4.0 µM). Isolated mature human adipocytes were co-incubated with THP-1-derived polarized macrophages pre-treated with SGAs after their polarization. Adipocytes and macrophages were collected before and after co-culture for mRNA expression analysis of genes involved in inflammation. RESULTS Co-incubation of mature human adipocytes with human macrophages, regardless of polarization, resulted in a marked induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in adipocytes, including IL1B, IL6, TNFA, and IL10. Remarkably, it did not affect the expression of adipokines and genes involved in the regulation of energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in adipocytes. Dexamethasone markedly reduced gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and prevented macrophage-induced inflammatory response in adipocytes. In contrast, SGAs did not affect macrophage-adipocyte communication and had a minute anti-inflammatory effect in macrophages at supra-therapeutic concentrations. Interestingly, the adipocytes co-incubated with M1 macrophages pre-treated with dexamethasone and SGAs particularly the supra-therapeutic concentration of olanzapine, reduced expression of LPL, LIPE, AKT1, and SLC2A4, suggesting that the expression of metabolic genes in adipocytes was dependent on the presence of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. CONCLUSION Together, these data suggest that macrophages induce expression of pro-inflammatory genes in human subcutaneous adipocytes without affecting the expression of adipokines or genes involved in energy regulation. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that SGAs and dexamethasone had a mild effect on macrophage-adipocyte communication in M1 macrophage phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assel Sarsenbayeva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Priya Dipta
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Martin Lundqvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kristina E Almby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Boaz Tirosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Giada Di Nunzio
- The Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Pereira MJ, Viana LF, Sais MHB, Súarez YR. Reproduction of Hypoptopoma inexspectatum (Holmberg, 1893) (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) in the Southern Pantanal Floodplain, Upper Paraguay River Basin, Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 81:326-334. [PMID: 32490896 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.225352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to describe the reproductive biology of Hypoptopoma inexspectatum in southern Pantanal. A total of 538 individuals were sampled and analyzed from February 2009 through January 2011 in southern Pantanal. We did not observe differences in sex-ratio, and both sexes presented positive allometric length/weight relationship (LWR). Reproduction occurs mainly from January to February. Females reached first maturation (L50) with 37.80 mm and males with 45.80 mm. Absolute fecundity is estimated in mean=177.43 (sd±127.06) oocytes and relative fecundity in 3.12 (sd±2.23) oocytes/mg. Fecundity is positively correlated with standard length (Spearman r= 0.43; p=0.013), and total spawning is a used spawning strategy for H. inexspectatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Naturais - PGRN, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - UEMS, Rod. Dourados Itahum, Km 12, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - L F Viana
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Naturais - PGRN, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - UEMS, Rod. Dourados Itahum, Km 12, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - M H B Sais
- Curso de Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Unidade Universitária de Dourados, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - UEMS, Rod. Dourados Itahum, Km 12, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - Y R Súarez
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - UEMS, Rod. Dourados Itahum, Km 12, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brasil
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Ahmed F, Sarsenbayeva A, Katsogiannos P, Aguer C, Pereira MJ. The effects of bisphenol A and bisphenol S on adipokine expression and glucose metabolism in human adipose tissue. Toxicology 2020; 445:152600. [PMID: 32976960 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The environmental endocrine disruptors, bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. We aim to study the effects of BPA or BPS exposure on adipokine expression in human adipose tissue and on adipocyte glucose uptake. METHODS Human subcutaneous adipose tissue was treated for 24 or 72 h with environmentally-relevant and supraphysiological concentrations of BPA or BPS (1-104 nM). Following exposure, gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and estrogen receptors was measured in adipose tissue. Glucose uptake and the insulin signalling pathway were analyzed in isolated adipocytes following adipose tissue culture with BPA for 24 h. RESULTS Adipose tissue treated with BPA for 24 h had reduced expression of the proinflammatory genes (IL6, IL1B, TNFA) and adipokines (ADIPOQ, FABP4). BPA and BPS had no effect on the expression of other proinflammatory genes (IL33), adipokines (LEP), or receptors (ESR1, ESR2) after 72-h exposure. Adipose tissue treated with environmentally-relevant concentrations of BPA for 24 h had reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, without altered gene and protein levels of key insulin signalling pathway markers. CONCLUSIONS We found that human adipose tissue treated with environmentally-relevant concentrations of BPA for 24 h, but not BPS, reduced expression of proinflammatory genes and adipokines. Furthermore, BPA reduced glucose uptake in adipocytes independently of insulin signalling. Such mechanisms can contribute to the development of insulin resistance associated with BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Ahmed
- Institut du Savoir Montfort-recherche, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Assel Sarsenbayeva
- Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet hus R3, våning 2, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petros Katsogiannos
- Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet hus R3, våning 2, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Céline Aguer
- Institut du Savoir Montfort-recherche, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada; Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet hus R3, våning 2, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Guglielmo P, Ekström S, Strand R, Visvanathar R, Malmberg F, Johansson E, Pereira MJ, Skrtic S, Carlsson BCL, Eriksson JW, Ahlström H, Kullberg J. Validation of automated whole-body analysis of metabolic and morphological parameters from an integrated FDG-PET/MRI acquisition. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5331. [PMID: 32210327 PMCID: PMC7093440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Automated quantification of tissue morphology and tracer uptake in PET/MR images could streamline the analysis compared to traditional manual methods. To validate a single atlas image segmentation approach for automated assessment of tissue volume, fat content (FF) and glucose uptake (GU) from whole-body [18F]FDG-PET/MR images. Twelve subjects underwent whole-body [18F]FDG-PET/MRI during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Automated analysis of tissue volumes, FF and GU were achieved using image registration to a single atlas image with reference segmentations of 18 volume of interests (VOIs). Manual segmentations by an experienced radiologist were used as reference. Quantification accuracy was assessed with Dice scores, group comparisons and correlations. VOI Dice scores ranged from 0.93 to 0.32. Muscles, brain, VAT and liver showed the highest scores. Pancreas, large and small intestines demonstrated lower segmentation accuracy and poor correlations. Estimated tissue volumes differed significantly in 8 cases. Tissue FFs were often slightly but significantly overestimated. Satisfactory agreements were observed in most tissue GUs. Automated tissue identification and characterization using a single atlas segmentation performs well compared to manual segmentation in most tissues and will be valuable in future studies. In certain tissues, alternative quantification methods or improvements to the current approach is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guglielmo
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - S Ekström
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Strand
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Visvanathar
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Malmberg
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Johansson
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- GE Healthcare, Chicago, USA
| | - M J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Skrtic
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B C L Carlsson
- Early Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Ahlström
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - J Kullberg
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
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Pereira MJ, Thombare K, Sarsenbayeva A, Kamble PG, Almby K, Lundqvist M, Eriksson JW. Direct effects of glucagon on glucose uptake and lipolysis in human adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 503:110696. [PMID: 31891768 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We aim to investigate the expression of the glucagon receptor (GCGR) in human adipose tissue, and the impact of glucagon in glucose uptake and lipolysis in human adipocytes. GCGR gene expression in human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue was demonstrated, albeit at low levels and with an inter-individual variation. Furthermore, GCGR expression was not significantly different between subjects with T2D and matched controls, and we found no significant association with BMI. Glucagon only at a supra-physiological concentration (10-100 nM) significantly increased basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by up to 1.5-fold. Also, glucagon (0.01 and 1 nM) dose-dependently increased basal and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis up to 3.7- and 1.7-fold, respectively, compared to control. In addition, glucagon did not change insulin sensitivity to stimulate glucose uptake or inhibit lipolysis. In conclusion, we show that the GCGR gene is expressed at low levels in human adipose tissue, and glucagon at high concentrations can increase both glucose uptake and lipolysis in human adipocytes. Taken together, our data suggest that glucagon at physiological levels has minor direct effects on the regulation of adipocyte metabolism, but does not antagonize the insulin effect to stimulate glucose uptake and inhibit lipolysis in human adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ketan Thombare
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Assel Sarsenbayeva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Almby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Lundqvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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González JM, Anastácio R, Lizárraga-Cubedo HA, Pereira MJ. Caretta caretta nesting activity on Akumal Beaches, Mexico. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3020. [PMID: 32080298 PMCID: PMC7033246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mexico has made substantial contributions to marine turtle protection and conservation, especially since 1990. Several conservation projects entail monitoring efforts to recover nesting territories for marine turtles. The Sea Turtle Protection Program of Akumal, in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, was created in 1993 and was developed by the Akumal Ecological Center. This paper provides the nesting ecology parameters for Caretta caretta over a protection period of 24 years (1995-2018). A well-defined nesting peak was observed in June, with a nesting success rate of 75.2 ± 23.0%. Nesting females showed a mean curved carapace length of 99.0 ± 5.6 cm. The mean clutch size was 108.6 ± 24.6 eggs, with variation among years. The mean incubation period was 57.2 ± 6.2 days. The hatching and emergence success rates were 87.2 ± 16.9% and 78.8 ± 24.4%, respectively. For the 926 tagged females that returned, the remigration interval peaked at 726 days, with a 12-day inter-nesting period. The results show not only the recovery of the nesting population over time but also a decrease in female size; we postulate that this decrease is due to the recruitment of young females, which has been increasingly pronounced since 2010. Hence, the Akumal rookery plays an important role in its corresponding regional management unit (Atlantic Northwest).
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Affiliation(s)
- J M González
- Centro Ecológico de Akumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico.,Departamento de Biologia e CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - M J Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia e CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Katsogiannos P, Kamble PG, Wiklund U, Sundbom M, Espes D, Hammar U, Karlsson FA, Pereira MJ, Eriksson JW. Rapid changes in neuroendocrine regulation may contribute to reversal of type 2 diabetes after gastric bypass surgery. Endocrine 2020; 67:344-353. [PMID: 31983031 PMCID: PMC7026226 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02203-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of hormones and the autonomic nervous system in the rapid remission of diabetes after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nineteen obese patients with type 2 diabetes, 7 M/12 F, were randomized (2:1) to RYGB or standard-of-care medical treatment (control). At baseline and 4 and 24 weeks post surgery, fasting blood sampling, OGTT, intravenous arginine challenge, and heart-rate variability (HRV) assessments were performed. RESULTS At both 4 and 24 weeks post-RYGB the following effects were found: arginine-stimulated insulin secretion was reduced. GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon rise during OGTT was enhanced. IGF-1 and GH levels increased. In addition, total HRV and spectral components PLF (power of low frequency) and PHF (power of high frequency) increased. At 4 weeks, morning cortisol was lower than baseline and 24 weeks. At 24 weeks, NEFA levels during OGTT, and the PLF/PHF ratio decreased. None of these changes were seen in the control group. CONCLUSIONS There were rapid changes within 4 weeks after RYGB: signs of enhanced parasympathetic nerve activity, reduced morning cortisol, and enhanced incretin and glucagon responses to glucose. The findings suggest that neurohormonal mechanisms can contribute to the rapid improvement of insulin resistance and glycemia following RYGB in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Katsogiannos
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Urban Wiklund
- Radiation Sciences, Biomedical Engineering & Informatics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Espes
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hammar
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Anders Karlsson
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Sarsenbayeva A, Marques-Santos CM, Thombare K, Di Nunzio G, Almby KE, Lundqvist M, Eriksson JW, Pereira MJ. Effects of second-generation antipsychotics on human subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolism. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 110:104445. [PMID: 31563732 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome is prevalent in up to 50% of schizophrenia patients, which reduces their quality of life and their compliance with the treatment. It is unclear whether metabolic adverse effects of these agents are due to their direct effect on insulin-sensitive tissues or are secondary to increased adiposity. The study aimed to investigate the direct effects of the second-generation antipsychotics olanzapine and aripiprazole on human subcutaneous adipose tissue and isolated adipocyte metabolism. METHODS Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue needle biopsies were taken from 72 healthy subjects (49 F/23 M; age: 19-78 yr; BMI: 20.0-35.6 kg/m2). Isolated adipocytes or adipose tissue were respectively pre-incubated short- (30 min) and long-term (24 h, 72 h) with or without olanzapine (0.004 μM - 20 μM) and aripiprazole (0.002 μM - 100 μM). Pre-incubated adipose tissue was then snap-frozen for mRNA expression analysis of adipokines genes and genes involved in inflammation, adipogenesis, and mitochondrial function. Isolated adipocytes were used to measure basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and lipolysis. RESULTS Acute treatment with a therapeutic concentration of olanzapine decreases basal lipolysis in isolated adipocytes; this effect was not observed after long-term incubation with the drug. Supra-therapeutic concentration of aripiprazole reduced basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake after short- and long-term pre-incubation. Both drugs at supra-therapeutic concentrations downregulated the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and IL1B genes after 72 h incubation. Similarly, supra-therapeutic concentrations of both drugs and therapeutic concentration of olanzapine, reduced the expression of PPARGC1A, PDK4, and CPT1B genes involved in the regulation of mitochondrial functions. Neither of the antipsychotics affected the expression of the main adipokines LEP and ADIPOQ, genes involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, LPL and FASN, nor the master adipogenesis regulator, PPARG. CONCLUSION Therapheutic concentrations of olanzapine and aripiprazole have a moderate direct effect on adipocyte lipid and glucose metabolism, respectively. At supra-therapeutic concentrations, both of the antipsychotics seem to act as anti-inflammatory agents and mildly suppressed genes involved in the regulation of mitochondrial functions, which could potentially contribute to metabolic adverse effects. Alternatively, second-generation antipsychotics could induce metabolic side effects via acting on other insulin-sensitive tissues and central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assel Sarsenbayeva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Cátia M Marques-Santos
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ketan Thombare
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Giada Di Nunzio
- The Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Kristina E Almby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Martin Lundqvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are glucose-lowering drugs that reduce plasma glucose levels by inhibiting glucose and sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, thus resulting in glucosuria. Their effects consequently include reductions in HbA1c, blood glucose levels, and blood pressure, but also reductions in body weight and adiposity. The ability to reduce body weight is consistently observed in individuals taking SGLT2 inhibitors, but this weight loss is moderate due to counter-regulatory mechanisms striving to maintain body weight. This has prompted exploration of SGLT2 inhibitors in combination with other agents acting via decreased food intake, e.g., glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs). The bodyweight effects are promising, and together with the signs of prevention of cardiovascular and renal events, such combinations including SGLT2 inhibitors are appealing. The weight loss is clinically important, as most individuals with type 2 diabetes are overweight or obese, but also because there is an unmet need for safe, effective, and durable weight loss interventions in obese individuals without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Diamanti K, Cavalli M, Pan G, Pereira MJ, Kumar C, Skrtic S, Grabherr M, Risérus U, Eriksson JW, Komorowski J, Wadelius C. Intra- and inter-individual metabolic profiling highlights carnitine and lysophosphatidylcholine pathways as key molecular defects in type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9653. [PMID: 31273253 PMCID: PMC6609645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus is a complex metabolic disease commonly caused by insulin resistance in several tissues. We performed a matched two-dimensional metabolic screening in tissue samples from 43 multi-organ donors. The intra-individual analysis was assessed across five key metabolic tissues (serum, visceral adipose tissue, liver, pancreatic islets and skeletal muscle), and the inter-individual across three different groups reflecting T2D progression. We identified 92 metabolites differing significantly between non-diabetes and T2D subjects. In diabetes cases, carnitines were significantly higher in liver, while lysophosphatidylcholines were significantly lower in muscle and serum. We tracked the primary tissue of origin for multiple metabolites whose alterations were reflected in serum. An investigation of three major stages spanning from controls, to pre-diabetes and to overt T2D indicated that a subset of lysophosphatidylcholines was significantly lower in the muscle of pre-diabetes subjects. Moreover, glycodeoxycholic acid was significantly higher in liver of pre-diabetes subjects while additional increase in T2D was insignificant. We confirmed many previously reported findings and substantially expanded on them with altered markers for early and overt T2D. Overall, the analysis of this unique dataset can increase the understanding of the metabolic interplay between organs in the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klev Diamanti
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Cavalli
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gang Pan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chanchal Kumar
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated CardioMetabolic Center (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manfred Grabherr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Komorowski
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claes Wadelius
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Katsogiannos P, Kamble PG, Boersma GJ, Karlsson FA, Lundkvist P, Sundbom M, Pereira MJ, Eriksson JW. Early Changes in Adipose Tissue Morphology, Gene Expression, and Metabolism After RYGB in Patients With Obesity and T2D. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:2601-2613. [PMID: 30689903 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery effectively prevents or treats type 2 diabetes (T2D). Adipose tissue (AT) mechanisms may be of importance. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between early changes in whole-body and AT metabolism in surgically treated patients with T2D. DESIGN AND SETTING A randomized single-center study. PATIENTS Nineteen patients with T2D with body mass index 30 to 45 kg/m2. INTERVENTIONS Thirteen patients were assessed at baseline and 4 and 24 weeks after RYGB (preceded by a 4-week low-calorie diet) and compared with 6 control patients continuing standard medical treatment: oral glucose tolerance test, subcutaneous AT biopsies for gene expression, adipocyte size, glucose uptake, lipolysis, and insulin action. RESULTS At 4 and 24 weeks post-RYGB, all patients but one had stopped diabetes medication. Fasting glucose, HbA1c, and insulin levels decreased and the Matsuda index increased compared with baseline (P < 0.01 for all), indicating improved whole-body insulin sensitivity. Mean adipocyte size significantly reduced, more at 4 than at 24 weeks; at 4 weeks, glucose uptake per adipocyte was lowered, and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis tended to increase, whereas the fold insulin effects on glucose uptake and lipolysis were unchanged. Expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, CPT1b and adiponectin, was increased at 4 weeks, whereas leptin and E2F1 (involved in cell proliferation) were reduced (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION Glycemic control and in vivo insulin sensitivity improved 4 weeks after RYGB, but adipocyte insulin sensitivity did not change despite a marked reduction in adipocyte size. Thus, mechanisms for a rapid improvement of T2D after RYGB may occur mainly in other tissues than adipose.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/metabolism
- Adult
- Biopsy
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/surgery
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gastric Bypass
- Humans
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Obesity, Morbid/blood
- Obesity, Morbid/complications
- Obesity, Morbid/metabolism
- Obesity, Morbid/surgery
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/cytology
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/metabolism
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/pathology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gretha J Boersma
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Per Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sundbom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kamble PG, Pereira MJ, Almby K, Eriksson JW. Estrogen interacts with glucocorticoids in the regulation of lipocalin 2 expression in human adipose tissue. Reciprocal roles of estrogen receptor α and β in insulin resistance? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 490:28-36. [PMID: 30953748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The adipokine lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is linked to insulin resistance. Its expression in human adipose tissue (AT) can be regulated in a sex-specific manner by a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, suggesting an underlying role of sex steroids. We show that 17-β-estradiol (E2) dose-dependently increased LCN2 gene expression in subcutaneous AT from postmenopausal women. This was also seen in the presence of estrogen receptor (ER) α antagonist alone but not with ERβ antagonist, suggesting that E2 effects on LCN2 are mediated via ERβ pathway. Dexamethasone alone or E2+dexamethasone had no significant effect on LCN2. However, E2+dexamethasone increased LCN2 expression with ERα-blockade. Dexamethasone reduced ERα but increased ERβ expression. Dexamethasone can regulate LCN2 expression via inhibition of ERα and stimulation of ERβ and may contribute to the development of glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance in human AT. In conclusion, ERβ and ERα pathways have opposite effects on LCN2 expression and they interact with glucocorticoid action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Almby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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46
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Kramer PF, Priesnitz MC, Celeste RK, Pereira MJ, Benelli KG, Feldens CA. Spatial distribution of dental caries among preschool children in Canoas, Southern Brazil. Acta Odontol Latinoam 2019; 32:3-9. [PMID: 31206568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to analyze the spatial distribution of dental caries among preschool children and create equiprobable scenarios of its occurrence in the city of Canoas, Southern Brazil. Trained, calibrated dentists examined 1,100 children enrolled at public preschools to determine dental caries experience following World Health Organization criteria. The ArcGis 10.0 Geographic Information System was used to analyze spatial and non-spatial data. Geostatistical Modeling Software was used in geostatistical analyses to detect spatial continuity and create maps using stochastic simulation. Overall prevalence of dental caries was 25% with intraurban differentials in distribution. The findings enabled the generation of 100 equiprobable scenarios and maps with the best and worst scenarios. The highest concentration of dental caries occurrence was found in the western portion of the city, while the lowest probability of occurrence was found in the northern and southern portions. Identifying spatial inequalities in health conditions and visualizing them through the creation of maps can help to qualify and organize public health interventions and provide information to gain better understanding of the influence of the surrounding environment on adverse health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo F Kramer
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Curso de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Canoas, Brasil
| | - Mariane C Priesnitz
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Curso de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Canoas, Brasil
| | - Roger K Celeste
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Social, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico, Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kelly G Benelli
- Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico, Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Feldens
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Curso de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Canoas, Brasil.
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Lundkvist P, Pereira MJ, Kamble PG, Katsogiannos P, Langkilde AM, Esterline R, Johnsson E, Eriksson JW. Glucagon Levels During Short-Term SGLT2 Inhibition Are Largely Regulated by Glucose Changes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:193-201. [PMID: 30137410 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The mechanism mediating sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor-associated increase in glucagon levels is unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess short-term effects on glucagon, other hormones, and energy substrates after SGLT2 inhibition and whether such effects are secondary to glucose lowering. The impact of adding a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor was addressed. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS A phase 4, single-center, randomized, three-treatment crossover, open-label study including 15 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin. INTERVENTIONS Patients received a single-dose of dapagliflozin 10 mg accompanied by the following in randomized order: isoglycemic clamp (experiment DG); saline infusion (experiment D); or saxagliptin 5 mg plus saline infusion (experiment DS). Directly after 5-hour infusions, a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. RESULTS Glucose and insulin levels were stable in experiment DG and decreased in experiment D [P for difference (Pdiff) < 0.001]. Glucagon-to-insulin ratio (Pdiff < 0.001), and levels of glucagon (Pdiff < 0.01), nonesterified fatty acids (Pdiff < 0.01), glycerol (Pdiff < 0.01), and β-OH-butyrate (Pdiff < 0.05) were lower in DG vs D. In multivariate analysis, change in glucose level was the main predictor of change in glucagon level. In DS, glucagon and active GLP-1 levels were higher than in D, but glucose and insulin levels did not differ. During OGTT, glucose levels rose less and glucagon levels fell more in DS vs D. CONCLUSION The degree of glucose lowering markedly contributed to regulation of glucagon and insulin secretion and to lipid mobilization during short-term SGLT2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Eva Johnsson
- AstraZeneca Research and Development, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sidibeh CO, Pereira MJ, Abalo XM, J Boersma G, Skrtic S, Lundkvist P, Katsogiannos P, Hausch F, Castillejo-López C, Eriksson JW. FKBP5 expression in human adipose tissue: potential role in glucose and lipid metabolism, adipogenesis and type 2 diabetes. Endocrine 2018; 62:116-128. [PMID: 30032404 PMCID: PMC6153563 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Here, we explore the involvement of FKBP51 in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance (IR) in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), including its potential role in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moreover, we assess the metabolic effects of reducing the activity of FKBP51 using the specific inhibitor SAFit1. METHODS Human SAT was obtained by needle biopsies of the lower abdominal region. FKBP5 gene expression was assessed in fresh SAT explants from a cohort of 20 T2D subjects group-wise matched by gender, age and BMI to 20 non-diabetic subjects. In addition, human SAT was obtained from non-diabetic volunteers (20F/9M). SAT was incubated for 24 h with or without the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone and SAFit1. Incubated SAT was used to measure the glucose uptake rate in isolated adipocytes. RESULTS FKBP5 gene expression levels in SAT positively correlated with several indices of IR as well as glucose area under the curve during oral glucose tolerance test (r = 0.33, p < 0.05). FKBP5 gene expression levels tended to be higher in T2D subjects compared to non-diabetic subjects (p = 0.088). Moreover, FKBP5 gene expression levels were found to inversely correlate with lipolytic, lipogenic and adipogenic genes. SAFit1 partly prevented the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone on glucose uptake. CONCLUSIONS FKBP5 gene expression in human SAT tends to be increased in T2D subjects and is related to elevated glucose levels. Moreover, FKBP5 gene expression is inversely associated with the expression of lipolytic, lipogenic and adipogenic genes. SAFit1 can partly prevent glucose uptake impairment by glucocorticoids, suggesting that FKBP51 might be a key factor in glucocorticoid-induced IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherno O Sidibeh
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xesus M Abalo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gretha J Boersma
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Felix Hausch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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49
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Kamble PG, Pereira MJ, Gustafsson S, Lundkvist P, Castillejo-López C, Fall T, Ingelsson E, Eriksson JW. Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Pro12Ala polymorphism in human adipose tissue: assessment of adipogenesis and adipocyte glucose and lipid turnover. Adipocyte 2018; 7:285-296. [PMID: 30064293 PMCID: PMC6768277 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2018.1503030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective mechanisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) Pro12Ala polymorphism in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are unclear. We obtained subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) before and 3 h after oral glucose (OGTT) in carriers and non-carriers of the Ala allele (12 Pro/Pro, 15 Pro/Ala, and 13 Ala/Ala). Adipogenesis, adipocyte glucose uptake and lipolysis as well as PPARγ target gene expression were investigated and compared between the genotype groups. During fasting and post-OGTT, neither basal nor insulin-stimulated adipocyte glucose uptake differed between genotypes. Compared to fasting, a decreased hormone-sensitive lipase gene expression in Pro/Pro (p < 0.05) was accompanied with a higher antilipolytic effect of insulin post-OGTT (p < 0.01). The adipocyte size was similar across groups. Preadipocyte differentiation rates between Pro/Pro and Ala/Ala were unchanged. In conclusion, no major differences in AT differentiation, glucose uptake, lipolysis or expression of PPARγ target genes were observed between different PPARγ Pro12Ala genotypes. Albeit small, our study may suggest that other pathways in AT or effects exerted in other tissues might contribute to the Pro12Ala-mediated protection against T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad G. Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J. Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Casimiro Castillejo-López
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jan W. Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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50
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Boersma GJ, Johansson E, Pereira MJ, Heurling K, Skrtic S, Lau J, Katsogiannos P, Panagiotou G, Lubberink M, Kullberg J, Ahlström H, Eriksson JW. Altered Glucose Uptake in Muscle, Visceral Adipose Tissue, and Brain Predict Whole-Body Insulin Resistance and may Contribute to the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Combined PET/MR Study. Horm Metab Res 2018; 50:e10. [PMID: 30669164 DOI: 10.1055/a-0831-3620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gretha J Boersma
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emil Johansson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Heurling
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine and the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- AstraZeneca, R & D, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joey Lau
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petros Katsogiannos
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Grigorios Panagiotou
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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