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Boukeileh S, Darawshi O, Shmuel M, Mahameed M, Wilhelm T, Dipta P, Forno F, Praveen B, Huber M, Levi-Schaffer F, Tirosh B. Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis Regulates TLR4 Expression and Signaling in Mast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911826. [PMID: 36233127 PMCID: PMC9569687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic organelle that responds to demand in secretory proteins by undergoing expansion. The mechanisms that control the homeostasis of ER size and function involve the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR plays a role in various effector functions of immune cells. Mast cells (MCs) are highly granular tissue-resident cells and key drivers of allergic inflammation. Their diverse secretory functions in response to activation through the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) suggest a role for the UPR in their function. Using human cord blood-derived MCs, we found that FcεRI triggering elevated the expression level and induced activation of the UPR transducers IRE1α and PERK, accompanied by expansion of the ER. In mouse bone marrow-derived MCs and peritoneal MCs, the ER underwent a more moderate expansion, and the UPR was not induced following MC activation. The deletion of IRE1α in mouse MCs did not affect proliferation, survival, degranulation, or cytokine stimulation following FcεRI triggering, but it did diminish the surface expression of TLR4 and the consequent response to LPS. A similar phenotype was observed in human MCs using an IRE1α inhibitor. Our data indicate that the ER of MCs, primarily of humans, undergoes a rapid remodeling in response to activation that promotes responses to TLR4. We suggest that IRE1α inhibition can be a strategy for inhibiting the hyperactivation of MCs by LPS over the course of allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Boukeileh
- The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Odai Darawshi
- The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Miriam Shmuel
- The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Mohamed Mahameed
- The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Thomas Wilhelm
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Priya Dipta
- The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Francesca Forno
- The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Bellam Praveen
- The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Boaz Tirosh
- The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +972-2-6758730; Fax: +972-2-6758741
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Forno F, Maatuf Y, Boukeileh S, Dipta P, Mahameed M, Darawshi O, Ferreira V, Rada P, García-Martinez I, Gross E, Priel A, Valverde ÁM, Tirosh B. Aripiprazole Cytotoxicity Coincides with Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response in Human Hepatic Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:452-461. [PMID: 32554435 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.264481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental disease that results in decreased life expectancy and well-being by promoting obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Schizophrenia is treated by antipsychotic drugs. Although the second-generation antipsychotics (SGA), Olanzapine and Aripiprazole, are more effective in treating schizophrenia, they display a higher risk of metabolic side effects, mostly by development of diabetes and insulin resistance, weight gain, and dyslipidemia. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is induced when ER homeostasis of lipid biosynthesis and protein folding is impaired. This leads to the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signaling cascade that aims to restore ER homeostasis or initiate cell death. Chronic conditions of ER stress in the liver are associated with diabetes and perturbed lipid metabolism. These metabolic dysfunctions resemble the pharmacological side effects of SGAs. We therefore investigated whether SGAs promote the UPR in human and mouse hepatocytes. We observed full-fledged activation of ER stress by Aripiprazole not by Olanzapine. This occurred at low micromolar concentrations and to variable intensities in different cell types, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, and glioblastoma. Mechanistically, Aripiprazole caused depletion of ER calcium, leading to activation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)and protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), two major transducers of the UPR. Cells underwent apoptosis with Aripiprazole treatment, which coincided with UPR induction, and this effect was reduced by adding glutathione without affecting UPR itself. Deletion of IRE1 from HepG2, a human liver cancer cell line, protected cells from Aripiprazole toxicity. Our study reveals for the first time a cytotoxic effect of Aripiprazole that involves the induction of ER stress. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The antischizophrenic drug Aripiprazole exerts cytotoxic properties at high concentrations. This study shows that this cytotoxicity is associated with the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and IRE1 activation, mechanisms involved in diet-induced obesity. Aripiprazole induced ER stress and calcium mobilization from the ER in human and mouse hepatocytes. Our study highlights a new mechanism of Aripiprazole that is not related to its effect on dopamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Forno
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (F.F., Y.M., S.B., P.D., M.M., O.D., A.P., B.T.); Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (E.G.)
| | - Yossi Maatuf
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (F.F., Y.M., S.B., P.D., M.M., O.D., A.P., B.T.); Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (E.G.)
| | - Shatha Boukeileh
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (F.F., Y.M., S.B., P.D., M.M., O.D., A.P., B.T.); Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (E.G.)
| | - Priya Dipta
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (F.F., Y.M., S.B., P.D., M.M., O.D., A.P., B.T.); Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (E.G.)
| | - Mohamed Mahameed
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (F.F., Y.M., S.B., P.D., M.M., O.D., A.P., B.T.); Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (E.G.)
| | - Odai Darawshi
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (F.F., Y.M., S.B., P.D., M.M., O.D., A.P., B.T.); Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (E.G.)
| | - Vitor Ferreira
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (F.F., Y.M., S.B., P.D., M.M., O.D., A.P., B.T.); Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (E.G.)
| | - Patricia Rada
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (F.F., Y.M., S.B., P.D., M.M., O.D., A.P., B.T.); Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (E.G.)
| | - Irma García-Martinez
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (F.F., Y.M., S.B., P.D., M.M., O.D., A.P., B.T.); Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (E.G.)
| | - Einav Gross
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (F.F., Y.M., S.B., P.D., M.M., O.D., A.P., B.T.); Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (E.G.)
| | - Avi Priel
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (F.F., Y.M., S.B., P.D., M.M., O.D., A.P., B.T.); Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (E.G.)
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (F.F., Y.M., S.B., P.D., M.M., O.D., A.P., B.T.); Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (E.G.)
| | - Boaz Tirosh
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (F.F., Y.M., S.B., P.D., M.M., O.D., A.P., B.T.); Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (V.F., P.R., I.G.-M., Á.M.V.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (E.G.)
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