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Panagiotou G, Taylor PN, Rees DA, Okosieme OE. Late offspring effects of antenatal thyroid screening. Br Med Bull 2022; 143:16-29. [PMID: 35868487 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy is associated with adverse offspring outcomes and recent birth-cohort studies suggest that even mild degrees of thyroid dysfunction may be linked with a range of late cognitive and behavioural effects in childhood and adolescence. SOURCES OF DATA This review summarizes recent literature of observational studies and critically appraises randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of antenatal thyroid screening and Levothyroxine intervention. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism carry significant risks for unfavourable offspring outcomes and should be appropriately corrected in pregnancy. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY The significance of subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinaemia is still unclear. Meta-analyses of birth-cohort studies show associations of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinaemia with intellectual deficits, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders, while hyperthyroidism and high-normal FT4 were linked with ADHD. RCTs have shown no benefits of screening on neurodevelopmental outcomes although Levothyroxine could have been initiated too late in pregnancy in these trials. GROWING POINTS A small number of studies have shown inconsistent associations of maternal thyroid dysfunction with offspring cardiometabolic indices including blood pressure and body weight. Correction of maternal thyroid dysfunction was, however, associated with favourable long-term metabolic profiles in mothers, including lipid profiles, fat mass and body mass index. Antenatal thyroid screening may therefore present opportunities for optimizing a wider range of outcomes than envisaged. AREAS FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Future trials with early antenatal thyroid screening and intervention are necessary to clarify the impact of screening on late offspring and maternal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter N Taylor
- Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Aled Rees
- Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Onyebuchi E Okosieme
- Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Diabetes Department, Prince Charles Hospital, Cwm Taf University Health Board, Gurnos Estate, Merthyr Tydfil, UK
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Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of common inherited diseases causing disruption of oxidative phosphorylation. Some patients with mitochondrial disease have endocrine manifestations, with diabetes mellitus being predominant but also include hypogonadism, hypoadrenalism, and hypoparathyroidism. There have been major developments in mitochondrial disease over the past decade that have major implications for all patients. The collection of large cohorts of patients has better defined the phenotype of mitochondrial diseases and the majority of patients with endocrine abnormalities have involvement of several other systems. This means that patients with mitochondrial disease and endocrine manifestations need specialist follow-up because some of the other manifestations, such as stroke-like episodes and cardiomyopathy, are potentially life threatening. Also, the development and follow-up of large cohorts of patients means that there are clinical guidelines for the management of patients with mitochondrial disease. There is also considerable research activity to identify novel therapies for the treatment of mitochondrial disease. The revolution in genetics, with the introduction of next-generation sequencing, has made genetic testing more available and establishing a precise genetic diagnosis is important because it will affect the risk for involvement for different organ systems. Establishing a genetic diagnosis is also crucial because important reproductive options have been developed that will prevent the transmission of mitochondrial disease because of mitochondrial DNA variants to the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Albert Zishen Lim
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Grigorios Panagiotou
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark Walker
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Panagiotou G, Ghaly W, Upadhyay J, Pazaitou-Panayiotou K, Mantzoros CS. Serum Follistatin Is Increased in Thyroid Cancer and Is Associated With Adverse Tumor Characteristics in Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2137-e2150. [PMID: 33493282 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity and classical growth factors are associated with thyroid cancer (TC). However, less is known regarding novel hormones such as follistatins and activins. We hypothesized that serum follistatin but not activins would be increased in TC. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to assess circulating levels of follistatins, activins, and growth factors in patients with a history of TC vs patients with nonmalignant thyroid diseases. METHODS A hospital-based, unmatched case-control study was conducted with 170 thyroidectomized patients due to well-differentiated TC and 106 thyroidectomized patients without history of malignancy. Anthropometric, biochemical, and histological parameters were recorded. Serum samples were collected in the steady state 45 days after surgery. Multivariate models were used to adjust for baseline differences of the unmatched variables. Serum levels of follistatin (FST), follistatin like-3, activin A, activin B, bioactive insulin-like growth factor-1, and stanniocalcin-2 were assayed with novel, highly specific ELISA kits. RESULTS In unmatched univariate models, TC patients had higher FST serum levels compared to cancer-free individuals, independently of histological subtype. In multivariate models adjusting for covariates, individuals in the highest tertile of FST levels were associated with an increased risk for the presence of any type of TC or specific histological subtypes, including papillary, follicular and Hürthle-cell carcinoma, and medullary TC. Higher postoperative FST concentrations were found in patients with vascular invasion and distant metastases and associated with TNM staging at diagnosis. CONCLUSION FST serum levels are increased in TC patients and correlate with advanced tumor aggressiveness. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm and extend our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Panagiotou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Wael Ghaly
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Jagriti Upadhyay
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Michalakis K, Panagiotou G, Ilias I, Pazaitou‐Panayiotou K. Obesity and COVID-19: A jigsaw puzzle with still missing pieces. Clin Obes 2021; 11:e12420. [PMID: 33073512 PMCID: PMC7645965 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apart from posing various mechanical and medical issues compromising general health, obesity is a major factor for respiratory tract infections, due to specific inflammation and immunological compromise. The burden of obesity on morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 is considerable. Herein, we aimed to search the literature and present to the readers pathophysiologic pathways that may associate obesity and COVID-19. We present potential mechanisms, which might partly explain why patients with obesity are more prone to suffer from respiratory infections in the context of COVID-19. Better understanding of these pathways could eventually guide management strategies and therapies for COVID-19 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grigorios Panagiotou
- 1st Laboratory of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
| | - Ioannis Ilias
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismElena Venizelou HospitalAthensGreece
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Panagiotou G, Triantafyllidou S, Tarlatzis BC, Papakonstantinou E. Serum Levels of Irisin and Omentin-1 in Breast Neoplasms and Their Association with Tumor Histology. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:6656671. [PMID: 33688343 PMCID: PMC7920698 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6656671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is associated with obesity, possibly due to direct effects of adipokines and myokines, such as omentin-1 and irisin. In this study, we aimed to evaluate omentin-1 and irisin levels in women with benign and/or malignant breast neoplasms vs. healthy controls. Disease-free individuals (N = 56) and patients with histologically proven benign (N = 61) or malignant tumor (N = 96; subdivided into recently diagnosed/treatment-naïve (N = 72) and chemotherapy-treated (N = 24) subgroups) were enrolled in this study. Demographic, biochemical, and tumor histological characteristics were recorded. Body composition parameters were assessed using bioelectrical impedance. Serum irisin and omentin-1 levels were quantified with ELISA kits. In adjusted models, irisin levels were higher in both benign and malignant cases compared to controls but were comparable between neoplasms. Further adjustment for omentin-1 levels showed that age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = (1.02, 1.08), p < 0.01) and irisin levels (OR = 5.30, 95% CI = (1.24, 22.38), p=0.03) were independent predictors of the presence of malignancy. These molecules were associated with each other and with other anthropometric and demographic parameters. Irisin was associated with tumor histological characteristics including Ki67% levels, Elston-Ellis grading system, and estrogen receptors status. Omentin-1 was also associated with the Elston-Ellis grading system. In conclusion, serum irisin is increased in patients with both benign and malignant diseases of the breast. When combined with omentin-1, irisin concentration was associated with the presence of breast malignancy. This molecule's role as a potential diagnostic and/or prognostic agent in breast malignancies warrants further investigation in larger prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Panagiotou
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Basil C. Tarlatzis
- Unit of Human Reproduction, 1st Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Panagiotou G, Tee SA, Ihsan Y, Athar W, Marchitelli G, Kelly D, Boot CS, Stock N, Macfarlane J, Martineau AR, Burns GP, Quinton R. Original publication: Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are associated with greater disease severity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020; 93:629-630. [PMID: 32780518 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Panagiotou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Su Ann Tee
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yasir Ihsan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Waseem Athar
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gabriella Marchitelli
- Department of Acute Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Donna Kelly
- Department of Anaesthetics & Critical Care, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher S Boot
- Department of Blood Sciences, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nadia Stock
- Department of Acute Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - James Macfarlane
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Graham P Burns
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard Quinton
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Panagiotou G, Tee SA, Ihsan Y, Athar W, Marchitelli G, Kelly D, Boot CS, Stock N, Macfarlane J, Martineau AR, Burns G, Quinton R. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are associated with greater disease severity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020; 93:508-511. [PMID: 32621392 PMCID: PMC7361912 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Panagiotou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & MetabolismRoyal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Su Ann Tee
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & MetabolismRoyal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Yasir Ihsan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & MetabolismRoyal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Waseem Athar
- Department of Respiratory MedicineRoyal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Gabriella Marchitelli
- Department of Acute MedicineNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Donna Kelly
- Department of Anaesthetics & Critical CareNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - Nadia Stock
- Department of Acute MedicineNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - James Macfarlane
- Department of Respiratory MedicineRoyal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Adrian R. Martineau
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Graham Burns
- Department of Respiratory MedicineRoyal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Richard Quinton
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & MetabolismRoyal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Translational & Clinical Research InstituteUniversity of Newcastle upon TyneUK
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8
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Savopoulos C, Pilalas D, Kaiafa GD, Panagiotou G, Grammenou MC, Kouskouras K, Tegos T, Psomas E, Papa A, Foroglou N, Hatzitolios AI. West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease. QJM 2020; 113:125-126. [PMID: 31593223 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Savopoulos
- From the First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Pilalas
- From the First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G D Kaiafa
- From the First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G Panagiotou
- From the First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M-C Grammenou
- From the First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - T Tegos
- First Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Psomas
- From the First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N Foroglou
- First Department of Neurosurgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A I Hatzitolios
- From the First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Abstract
Graves' Orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune orbital disorder usually presenting as a sequala of autoimmune thyroid disease. The presence of GO is associated with increased psychological burden and, in severe cases may cause blindness. While most patients with GO present with bilateral disease, asymmetric or unilateral GO may affect a significant proportion of patients diagnosed with GO. Older age, male sex, active and severe disease correlate with asymmetric disease. However, the exact mechanisms causing asymmetry remain elusive. Herein, we review the literature on asymmetric GO and highlight its differences compared with bilateral GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Panagiotou
- Department of Acute and Intensive Care Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Grigorios Panagiotou,
| | - Petros Perros
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Background: Tissue factor (TF) combined with its ligand FVII initiates blood coagulation and intracellular signaling. Obese and type 2 diabetic subjects have increased TF expression in their adipose tissue and an increased risk for thrombotic complications. Here we address the role of TF/FVII on adipocyte functions. Materials and methods: Subcutaneous fat was obtained by means of needle aspiration from healthy volunteers, and adipocytes were isolated after collagenase digestion. 3T3-L1 fibroblasts kept in culture were differentiated into adipocytes by addition of IBMX, dexamethasone, rosiglitazone, and insulin to the media. Proteins and mRNA were analyzed by western blot and RT-PCR. Coagulation activity was determined by a colorimetric FX-assay. Lipolysis was measured as free glycerol using a colorimetric method. Glucose uptake was evaluated by scintillation counting of D-[U-14C] glucose. Results: In isolated human primary adipocytes we found expression of TF and FVII. TF expression was confirmed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and both cell types were found to be procoagulant in a TF/FVIIa-dependent manner. FXa was generated without FVIIa added to the coagulation assay, and active site-inhibited FVIIa blocked FXa formation, supporting our finding of FVII production by human primary adipocytes. There was no evidence for a role of TF in either lipolysis or glucose uptake in our experimental settings. Conclusion: Human primary adipocytes express active TF and FVII, and the TF/FVIIa complex formed on the adipocyte surface can activate substrate FX. Whether the TF/FVIIa complex conveys signaling pathways leading to biological functions and has any biological activity in adipocytes beyond coagulation remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Edén
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Grigorios Panagiotou
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dariush Mokhtari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W. Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Åberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- CONTACT Agneta Siegbahn Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Panagiotou G, Papakonstantinou E, Vagionas A, Polyzos SA, Mantzoros CS. Serum Levels of Activins, Follistatins, and Growth Factors in Neoplasms of the Breast: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:349-358. [PMID: 30388235 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Noninvasive biomarkers are needed for its early diagnosis and/or prognosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this case-control study was the comparison of serum activins, follistatins, and members of the IGF family levels in women with benign vs malignant breast neoplasms vs apparently healthy controls. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Women with breast benign (n = 100) or malignant tumors (n = 145) and disease-free controls (n = 100) were recruited. Women with breast cancer were subsequently subdivided into recently diagnosed/treatment-naive (n = 112) and chemotherapy-treated (n = 33). Anthropometric, demographic, biochemical, and histological data were recorded. SETTING A breast cancer clinic in Thessaloniki, Greece. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum levels of activin A, activin B, follistatin, follistatin-like (FSTL)-3, total IGF-1, total and intact insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-4 and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) were measured with highly specific ELISA kits. RESULTS In adjusted comparisons, substantial differences in FSTL-3, total and intact IGFBP-4, PAPP-A, and total IGF-1 were observed between groups. In logistic regression analysis, primarily total IGFBP-4 levels were independently associated with the overall presence of breast malignancy. FSTL-3 was the only variable that could distinguish between a benign vs malignant breast mass. In linear regression analysis, FSTL-3 was independently associated with tumor size. CONCLUSIONS We showed that members of the IGF-1/IGFBP-4/PAPP-A axis and FSTL-3 may serve as surrogate markers in breast cancer. Future mechanistic and longitudinal studies and/or clinical trials are needed to explore the efficacy of these molecules as noninvasive biomarkers and their possible therapeutic potential in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Panagiotou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Stergios A Polyzos
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Boersma GJ, Johansson E, Pereira MJ, Heurling K, Skrtic S, Lau J, Katsogiannos P, Panagiotou G, Lubberink M, Kullberg J, Ahlström H, Eriksson JW. Altered Glucose Uptake in Muscle, Visceral Adipose Tissue, and Brain Predict Whole-Body Insulin Resistance and may Contribute to the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Combined PET/MR Study. Horm Metab Res 2018; 50:e10. [PMID: 30669164 DOI: 10.1055/a-0831-3620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gretha J Boersma
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emil Johansson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Heurling
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine and the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- AstraZeneca, R & D, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joey Lau
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petros Katsogiannos
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Grigorios Panagiotou
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Boersma GJ, Johansson E, Pereira MJ, Heurling K, Skrtic S, Lau J, Katsogiannos P, Panagiotou G, Lubberink M, Kullberg J, Ahlström H, Eriksson JW. Altered Glucose Uptake in Muscle, Visceral Adipose Tissue, and Brain Predict Whole-Body Insulin Resistance and may Contribute to the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Combined PET/MR Study. Horm Metab Res 2018; 50:627-639. [PMID: 30001566 DOI: 10.1055/a-0643-4739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We assessed glucose uptake in different tissues in type 2 diabetes (T2D), prediabetes, and control subjects to elucidate its impact in the development of whole-body insulin resistance and T2D. Thirteen T2D, 12 prediabetes, and 10 control subjects, matched for age and BMI, underwent OGTT and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies. Integrated whole-body 18F-FDG PET and MRI were performed during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp to asses glucose uptake rate (MRglu) in several tissues. MRglu in skeletal muscle, SAT, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and liver was significantly reduced in T2D subjects and correlated positively with M-values (r=0.884, r=0.574, r=0.707 and r=0.403, respectively). Brain MRglu was significantly higher in T2D and prediabetes subjects and had a significant inverse correlation with M-values (r=-0.616). Myocardial MRglu did not differ between groups and did not correlate with the M-values. A multivariate model including skeletal muscle, brain and VAT MRglu best predicted the M-values (adjusted r2=0.85). In addition, SAT MRglu correlated with SAT glucose uptake ex vivo (r=0.491). In different stages of the development of T2D, glucose uptake during hyperinsulinemia is elevated in the brain in parallel with an impairment in peripheral organs. Impaired glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and VAT together with elevated glucose uptake in brain were independently associated with whole-body insulin resistance, and these tissue-specific alterations may contribute to T2D development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretha J Boersma
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emil Johansson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Heurling
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine and the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- AstraZeneca, R & D, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joey Lau
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petros Katsogiannos
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Grigorios Panagiotou
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Yavropoulou MP, Panagiotou G, Topouridou K, Karayannopoulou G, Koletsa T, Zarampoukas T, Goropoulos A, Chatzaki E, Yovos JG, Pazaitou-Panayiotou K. Vitamin D receptor and progesterone receptor protein and gene expression in papillary thyroid carcinomas: associations with histological features. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:1327-1335. [PMID: 28589382 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression has been described in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) but data regarding association with tumor histological characteristics and localization of the protein expression are scarce. MATERIALS AND METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from 45 patients with PTC (cases) were retrieved and tumor histological data were recorded. We analyzed gene and protein expression of VDR and PR and gene expression of vitamin D-inactivating 24-hyroxylase (CYP24A1) and the activating 1-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) enzymes in follicular cancer cells and the adjacent non-neoplastic thyroid tissue (NNTT). RESULTS VDR mRNA and protein expression was higher in PTC compared with NNTT (p < 0.05). The protein was globally localized in the cytoplasm and cell membranes of the neoplastic cells in all cases, with differences in intensity. Cytoplasmic positivity was stronger in the majority of cases. Membranous positivity was also evident in cases, whereas in NNTT was generally weak and in a low percentage of the cells. Expression of CYP 24A1, but not CYP27B1, was increased in approximately all PTC specimens and was associated with lymph node metastasis and extrathyroidal extension. PR mRNA was increased in 34% and protein expression was present in 57% of cases, and none of NNTT. PR, but not VDR, mRNA expression was significantly associated with the tumor size (r = 0.645, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence for the expression pattern of VDR, PR and CYP24A1 in the progression of PTC. Rapid anti-tumor responses of vitamin D in PTC may be blocked due to inactivation of local vitamin D metabolism.
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MESH Headings
- 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics
- 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/secondary
- Case-Control Studies
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Gland/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase/genetics
- Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Yavropoulou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G Panagiotou
- Department of Endocrinology-Endocrine Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, 2 Al Simeonidi Str, 54007, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K Topouridou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G Karayannopoulou
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - T Koletsa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - T Zarampoukas
- Histopathology Laboratory, Istodierevnitiki S.A, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Goropoulos
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Saint Luke's General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Chatzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - J G Yovos
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K Pazaitou-Panayiotou
- Department of Endocrinology-Endocrine Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, 2 Al Simeonidi Str, 54007, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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15
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Panagiotou G, Anastasilakis AD, Kynigopoulos G, Skouvaklidou EC, Saridakis ZG, Upadhyay J, Pagkalidou E, Apostolou A, Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi T, Mantzoros CS. Physiological parameters regulating circulating levels of the IGFBP-4/Stanniocalcin-2/PAPP-A axis. Metabolism 2017; 75:16-24. [PMID: 28964325 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 (IGFBP-4), Stanniocalcin-2 (STC-2) and Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A) have a well-documented involvement in several physiological functions in humans but predictors of their circulating levels remain largely unknown. We aimed to identify anthropometric and biochemical parameters associated with circulating levels of IGFBP-4/STC-2/PAPP-A axis (ISPa) cross-sectionally and to study their day-night variation and their regulation in response to mixed meal and exercise. METHODS One hundred twenty two healthy individuals were evaluated cross-sectionally. Subgroups were subjected to standardized mixed meal ingestion in increasing quantities of 125mL or 250mL, or aerobic exercise for 30min, or day-night rhythm study. Main outcome measurements were circulating IGFBP-4 (total and intact), STC-2 and PAPP-A levels. RESULTS In multivariate models, the main predictors of serum total IGFBP-4 were PAPP-A and female gender. Intact IGFBP-4 was positively associated with serum creatinine. Height was inversely and female gender and % of total body fat were positively correlated with STC-2. PAPP-A decreased after ingesting both the 125mL (p=0.03) and 250mL quantities (p=0.001), while total IGFBP-4 was reduced after the 250mL quantity (p=0.001). Exercise increased STC-2 and PAPP-A levels (p<0.001 for both). Intact, and to a lesser extent total, IGFBP-4 displayed a cortisol-like day/night variation. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time anthropometric and physiological modulators of ISPa serum levels in healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Panagiotou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Georgios Kynigopoulos
- Uniformed Services Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elpida C Skouvaklidou
- Uniformed Services Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zacharias G Saridakis
- Uniformed Services Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jagriti Upadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eirini Pagkalidou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Apostolou
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Alexander Technological Institute of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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16
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Panagiotou G, Komninou D, Anagnostis P, Linardos G, Karoglou E, Somali M, Duntas L, Kita M, Tziomalos K, Pazaitou-Panayiotou K. Association between lifestyle and anthropometric parameters and thyroid nodule features. Endocrine 2017; 56:560-567. [PMID: 28390011 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid nodularity has been associated with obesity, but data regarding associations of body composition parameters with specific ultrasound features of thyroid nodules are lacking. The aim of the present study was to assess associations between thyroid nodule ultrasound characteristics, lifestyle, and anthropometric parameters. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in the general apparently healthy population of Northern Greece. Thyroid ultrasound data together with medical history, demographic, and anthropometric characteristics were individually recorded. Body composition was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance. RESULTS Three hundred and six subjects [215 females (70.3%), aged 20-83 years] were included. Ultrasound revealed one or more thyroid nodules in 168 subjects (54.9%). Subjects with thyroid nodules were more frequently females (p = 0.033), older (p < 0.001) and had higher fat mass (p = 0.011), total body fat percentage (p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p = 0.045) than subjects without nodules. In logistic regression analyses, age and female gender were the only independent predictors of presence of thyroid nodules, as well as specific sonographic features. Additionally, total body fat percentage was positively correlated with nodule size (rho = 0.210, p = 0.006) and was the only independent predictor of hypoechoic thyroid nodule(s) and peripheral vascularity, while lack of exercise was predictive of internal vascularity. CONCLUSIONS Body fat accumulation and lack of exercise, used as surrogate markers of sedentary lifestyle, influence thyroid nodule size and could predict some ultrasonographic characteristics, like hypoechoicity and internal vascularity. Therefore, routine thyroid examination of obese patients and promotion of active lifestyle may be warranted to prevent thyroid nodule formation and possibly progression to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Panagiotou
- Department of Endocrinology-Endocrine Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despina Komninou
- Department of Endocrinology-Endocrine Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - George Linardos
- Department of Endocrinology-Endocrine Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Karoglou
- Department of Endocrinology-Endocrine Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Somali
- Department of Endocrinology, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Leonidas Duntas
- Department of Endocrinology-Endocrine Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marina Kita
- Department of Endocrinology, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tziomalos
- Department of Endocrinology-Endocrine Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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17
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Ni Y, Wong VHY, Tai WCS, Li J, Wong WY, Lee MML, Fong FLY, El-Nezami H, Panagiotou G. A metagenomic study of the preventive effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on intestinal polyp formation in Apc Min/+ mice. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:770-784. [PMID: 28004480 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the in vivo effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on intestinal polyp development and the interaction between this single-organism probiotic and the gut microbiota therein. METHODS AND RESULTS The ApcMin/+ mouse model was used to study the potential preventive effect of LGG on intestinal polyposis, while shotgun metagenomic sequencing was employed to characterize both taxonomic and functional changes within the gut microbial community. We found that the progression of intestinal polyps in the control group altered the community functional profile remarkably despite small variation in the taxonomic diversity. In comparison, the consumption of LGG helped maintain the overall functional potential and taxonomic profile in the resident microbes, thereby leading to a 25% decrease of total polyp counts. Furthermore, we found that LGG enriched those microbes or microbial activities related to short-chain fatty acid production (e.g. Roseburia and Coprococcus), as well as suppressed the ones that can lead to inflammation (e.g. Bilophila wadsworthia). CONCLUSIONS Our study using shotgun metagenomics highlights how single probiotic LGG may exert its beneficial effects and decrease polyp formation in mice by maintaining gut microbial functionality. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This probiotic intervention targeting microbiota may be used in conjugation with other dietary supplements or drugs as part of prevention strategies for early-stage colon cancer, after further clinical validations in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ni
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - V H Y Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - W C S Tai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Li
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - W Y Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - M M L Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - F L Y Fong
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - H El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - G Panagiotou
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoll Institute, Jena, Germany
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18
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Panagiotou G, Pazaitou-Panayiotou K, Paschou SA, Komninou D, Kalogeris N, Vryonidou A, Mantzoros CS. Changes in Thyroid Hormone Levels Within the Normal and/or Subclinical Hyper- or Hypothyroid Range Do Not Affect Circulating Irisin Levels in Humans. Thyroid 2016; 26:1039-45. [PMID: 27267080 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both thyroid hormones and irisin increase energy expenditure and induce browning of adipose tissue. However, irisin physiology and regulation remain largely unknown, and existing data are mainly derived from observational studies. In this study, we aimed to elucidate whether changes in thyroid-axis hormones alter circulating irisin levels in humans, thereby exerting a direct downstream effect on serum irisin. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Samples from a cross-sectional evaluation and two interventions were utilized, including patients who had previously undergone thyroidectomy. In the cross-sectional study, 96 consecutively enrolled subjects were divided into a euthyroid group and a subclinical hyperthyroid group, according to their serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels (TSH cutoff 0.3 mIU/L). In interventional study A, 34 patients who had undergone thyroidectomy due to thyroid cancer were withdrawn from their thyroxine replacement treatment for five weeks. In interventional study B, 13 patients underwent a recombinant human TSH stimulation protocol, and blood samples were drawn at baseline, day 3 (i.e., at least 24 hours after the second intramuscular injection), day 5, and day 10. RESULTS Irisin concentrations were not associated with thyroid-axis hormones (i.e., TSH, free thyroxine, and free triiodiothyronine) cross-sectionally in either the overall cohort or in the euthyroid and/or subclinical hyperthyroid subgroups (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between euthyroid and subclinical hyperthyroid subjects (p = 0.60). Levothyroxine withdrawal did not result in any changes in irisin concentrations (p = 0.33). Recombinant human TSH stimulation did not induce any significant changes in circulating irisin (p = 0.60). CONCLUSIONS Changes in thyroid-axis hormone levels within the physiological or supraphysiological range do not affect circulating irisin levels in humans. Therefore, their metabolic effects are most likely independent of each other. Other regulators of irisin levels should be identified in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Panagiotou
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
- 2 Department of Endocrinology-Endocrine Oncology, Theagenio Cancer Hospital , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Stavroula A Paschou
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
- 3 Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital , Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Komninou
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nikolaos Kalogeris
- 3 Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital , Athens, Greece
| | - Andromachi Vryonidou
- 3 Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital , Athens, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
- 4 Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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19
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Gavrieli A, Panagiotou G, Mantzoros CS. Leptin administration in physiological or pharmacological doses does not alter circulating irisin levels in humans. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1461-3. [PMID: 27200503 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine causing browning of adipose tissue, and it thus increases energy expenditure. The same is true for irisin. We studied whether exogenously administered metreleptin affects serum irisin concentrations in humans, which would suggest a direct interplay between leptin and irisin. We performed two studies: a dose-escalating 1-day-long study and a randomized placebo-controlled study. Study 1: 15 healthy, normal-weight and/or obese male and female individuals participated in three 1-day-long trials of metreleptin administration in the fed state. Metreleptin was administered once at physiological and pharmacological (0.01, 0.1 and 0.3 mg per kg body weight) doses. Study 2: 18 apparently healthy hypoleptinemic young women with hypoleptinemia and secondary amenorrhea took part in this study. Subjects received either metreleptin in replacement doses (0.08 and/or 0.12 mg kg(-1)) or placebo for 16 weeks. Blood samples were analyzed for leptin and irisin. We found no effect of metreleptin administration on irisin levels of subjects studied at either the fasting or the fed state either in the short or the long term. We provide evidence that leptin is not altering circulating irisin levels in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gavrieli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Panagiotou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C S Mantzoros
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Huh JY, Mougios V, Kabasakalis A, Fatouros I, Siopi A, Douroudos II, Filippaios A, Panagiotou G, Park KH, Mantzoros CS. Exercise-induced irisin secretion is independent of age or fitness level and increased irisin may directly modulate muscle metabolism through AMPK activation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E2154-61. [PMID: 25119310 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Irisin has been proposed to be a myokine mediating the effect of exercise on adipocyte browning. The physiology of irisin in humans is not completely understood. OBJECTIVE To study the physiology of irisin in healthy individuals with different age and fitness levels and to explore the direct effects of irisin on muscle metabolism. DESIGN, SETTING, AND SUBJECTS Treadmill exercise studies were conducted to measure circulating irisin at baseline and in response to exercise among old and young, physically active and sedentary individuals. Also, high- and moderate-intensity swimming was performed in adolescent men and women to study the effect of exercise intensity and the time course of irisin induction by acute bouts of exercise. Human myotubes were treated with recombinant irisin, and the effect on gene expression, cell signaling, and metabolism was examined. RESULTS Baseline circulating irisin was lower in old (vs young) and physically active (vs sedentary) subjects. Despite differences in basal levels, the percentage increase of irisin by acute bouts of exercise was not related to age or fitness level. The time course study revealed that circulating irisin increased immediately after high-intensity interval exercise and declined 1 hour thereafter. In vitro experiments showed that irisin facilitates glucose and lipid metabolism in human muscle through AMP kinase phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Despite the differences in basal irisin levels, exercise-induced irisin secretion is independent of age or fitness level. Increased irisin can directly modulate muscle metabolism through AMP kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Huh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (J.Y.H., A.F., G.P., K.H.P., C.S.M.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; School of Physical Education and Sports Science (V.M., A.K., A.S.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences (I.F., I.I.D.), Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini 69100, Greece; Department of Family Medicine (K.H.P.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Gyeonggi-do 431-796, Korea; Section of Endocrinology (C.S.M.), Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02130
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21
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Panagiotou G, Mu L, Na B, Mukamal KJ, Mantzoros CS. Circulating irisin, omentin-1, and lipoprotein subparticles in adults at higher cardiovascular risk. Metabolism 2014; 63:1265-71. [PMID: 25060690 PMCID: PMC4175146 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Muscle and fat are now recognized as metabolism-regulating endocrine organs. However, muscle and adipocyte-derived novel cytokines such as irisin and omentin-1 remain understudied in relation to metabolic biomarkers that are associated with cardiovascular risk. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty-nine subjects with mean (± SD) BMI of 29.2 ± 5.4 kg/m(2) and either diabetes or two other cardiovascular risk factors were enrolled in a 6-month randomized trial of low-dose ethanol. We examined cross-sectional data at baseline, 3-month, and 6-month visits to assess (1) within-person stability of novel cytokines (irisin, omentin-1, visfatin, resistin, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II) and (2) their associations with metabolic parameters, particularly lipoprotein subparticle profile. RESULTS Repeated measures of irisin and omentin-1 were highly correlated, with intra-class correlations of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.91; P < 0.001) and 0.81 (0.70, 0.89; P < 0.001), respectively. Irisin was negatively correlated with omentin-1 (7.4% irisin decrease per a 1-SD increment in omentin-1; 95% CI: 0.5%, 13.9%; P = 0.04). In models adjusted for age, sex, and race, irisin was negatively associated with HDL cholesterol (7.3% decrease per a 10mg/dL increment; 1.0%, 13.3%; P = 0.02) and large HDL particles (15.5% decrease per a 1-SD or 3.5-μmol/L increment; 5.2%, 24.7%; P=0.005). Omentin-1 was positively associated with mean VLDL size (3.8% increase per a 1-SD increment; 0.06%, 7.8%; P = 0.05). Adjustment for alcohol intervention, BMI, and other cytokines did not materially affect these associations. CONCLUSIONS Irisin and omentin-1 are stable within-person, inversely associated with each other, and closely related to lipoprotein profile. These molecules may be promising markers for cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Panagiotou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lin Mu
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brian Na
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
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Anastasilakis AD, Polyzos SA, Saridakis ZG, Kynigopoulos G, Skouvaklidou EC, Molyvas D, Vasiloglou MF, Apostolou A, Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi T, Siopi A, Mougios V, Chatzistavridis P, Panagiotou G, Filippaios A, Delaroudis S, Mantzoros CS. Circulating irisin in healthy, young individuals: day-night rhythm, effects of food intake and exercise, and associations with gender, physical activity, diet, and body composition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:3247-55. [PMID: 24915120 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The myokine irisin may increase energy expenditure and affect metabolism. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to elucidate predictors of irisin and study whether circulating irisin may have day-night rhythm in humans. DESIGN This was an observational, cross-sectional study with an additional 24-hour prospective observational arm (day-night rhythm substudy) and two prospective interventional arms (mixed meal substudy and exercise substudy). SETTING The study was conducted at the Hellenic Military School of Medicine (Thessaloniki, Greece). PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS One hundred twenty-two healthy, young individuals were subjected to anthropometric and body composition measurements, and their eating and exercise behavior profiles were assessed with validated questionnaires. Subgroups were subjected to day-night rhythm, standardized meal ingestion, and 30-minute aerobic exercise studies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Circulating irisin levels were measured. RESULTS Ιrisin levels were lower in males than females (P = .02) after adjustment for lean body mass, which was its major determinant. Irisin levels followed a day-night rhythm (P < .001) with peak at 9:00 pm. Irisin levels were increased at the end of exercise (84.1 ± 10.0 vs 105.8 ± 14.3 ng/mL; P < .001). Irisin levels were not affected by intake of a standardized meal and were not associated with caloric intake or diet quality. CONCLUSIONS In healthy, young individuals, circulating irisin displays a day-night rhythm, is correlated with lean body mass, and increases acutely after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios D Anastasilakis
- Department of Endocrinology (A.D.A., S.D.), 424 General Military Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece; Second Medical Clinic (S.A.P.), Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; Hellenic Military School of Medicine (Z.G.S., G.K., E.C.S., D.M.), 54638 Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Nutrition-Dietetics (M.F.V., A.A., T.K.-L.), Alexander Technological Education Institute of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; School of Physical Education and Sports Science (A.S., V.M.) and Medical School (P.C.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (G.P., A.F., C.S.M.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Blüher S, Panagiotou G, Petroff D, Markert J, Wagner A, Klemm T, Filippaios A, Keller A, Mantzoros CS. Effects of a 1-year exercise and lifestyle intervention on irisin, adipokines, and inflammatory markers in obese children. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1701-8. [PMID: 24644099 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise improves weight status and metabolism. Irisin, a novel myokine, may be involved in the regulation of metabolic function. The effect of an exercise and dietary lifestyle intervention for 1-year on irisin, adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin) and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II (sTNFR-II) was evaluated, and predictors of irisin levels were characterized in obese children. METHODS Parameters were assessed at baseline and at follow-up for 65 obese children who completed the program (7-18 years, 54%boys). Their relation to weight status and metabolic risk was analyzed. RESULTS Anthropometric and metabolic parameters improved after completion of the program. Circulating irisin levels at baseline were 111.0 ± 8.0 ng ml(-1) and increased after the intervention by 12% [6%, 17%], P = 0.00003. There was no evidence for differences in irisin levels between genders and across age. Moreover, changes in irisin did not correlate with those in BMI-SDS, adipokines or inflammatory markers. Leptin decreased after the intervention (Δ5.3 ng ml(-1) , [3.2, 6.3], P = 10(-7) ). Anthropometric measures were significantly associated with leptin and inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS A 1-year long lifestyle intervention program is associated with improvement in anthropometric and metabolic parameters and leads to an elevation in irisin levels in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Blüher
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
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Vamvini MT, Aronis KN, Panagiotou G, Huh JY, Chamberland JP, Brinkoetter MT, Petrou M, Christophi CA, Kales SN, Christiani DC, Mantzoros CS. Irisin mRNA and circulating levels in relation to other myokines in healthy and morbidly obese humans. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 169:829-34. [PMID: 24062354 PMCID: PMC3857961 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle is considered to be an endocrine organ that secretes a number of myokines including follistatin (FST), myostatin (MSTN), activin A, and the newly identified irisin. Irisin's biology and function exhibit similarities with the functions of the FST-MSTN-activin A axis. It remains unknown whether there is any interplay among these molecules. The aim of this study is to examine potential associations of irisin with the FST, MSTN, and activin A axis. METHODS Two observational studies were performed to evaluate the associations of irisin with the other three peptides. Study A included 150 healthy males aged 18.48±0.16 years with BMI 23.18±3.75 kg/m(2). Fasting serum samples were used to measure the levels of the molecules of interest. Study B included 14 morbidly obese individuals, candidates for bariatric surgery, aged 53.14±8.93 years with BMI 50.18±10.63 kg/m(2). Blood samples were obtained after an overnight fast. Eight out of the 14 participants consented to an optional thigh biopsy during their bariatric surgery. Using the above blood and tissue samples, we measured circulating levels and muscle mRNA of irisin, FST, MSTN, and activin A. RESULTS We report that FNDC5 mRNA in muscle is positively correlated with FST mRNA expression in morbidly obese subjects (ρ=0.93, P<0.001). We also found that circulating irisin is positively correlated with FST circulating levels among lean subjects (ρ=0.17, P=0.05) while this association was suggestive among the obese (ρ=0.56, P=0.07). CONCLUSION The newly identified myokine irisin may be positively associated with FST at both the mRNA and circulating protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T. Vamvini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Konstantinos N. Aronis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Grigorios Panagiotou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joo Young Huh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - John P. Chamberland
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mary T. Brinkoetter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Costas A. Christophi
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Stefanos N. Kales
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C. Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christos S. Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA
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Mougios V, Huh JY, Panagiotou G, Kabasakalis A, Mantzoros C. Responses of circulating irisin to different exercises in humans. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.712.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joo Young Huh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMA
- Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare systemHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Grigorios Panagiotou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMA
- Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare systemHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | | | - Christos Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMA
- Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare systemHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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Huh JY, Panagiotou G, Mougios V, Brinkoetter M, Vamvini MT, Schneider BE, Mantzoros CS. FNDC5 and irisin in humans: I. Predictors of circulating concentrations in serum and plasma and II. mRNA expression and circulating concentrations in response to weight loss and exercise. Metabolism 2012; 61:1725-38. [PMID: 23018146 PMCID: PMC3614417 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 704] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In mouse, PGC1-α overexpression in muscle stimulates an increase in expression of FNDC5, a membrane protein that is cleaved and secreted as a newly identified hormone, irisin. One prior study has shown that FNDC5 induces browning of subcutaneous fat in mice and mediates beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism, but a more recent study using gene expression arrays failed to detect a robust increase in FNDC5 mRNA in human muscles from exercising subjects. No prior study has reported on the physiological regulation and role of circulating irisin and FNDC5 in humans. MATERIALS/METHODS A. FNDC5 gene expression studies: We first examined tissue distribution of FNDC5 in humans. B. Cross-sectional studies: Predictors of FNDC5 mRNA expression levels were examined in muscle tissues from 18 healthy subjects with a wide range of BMI. Assays were optimized to measure circulating FNDC5 and irisin levels, and their associations with anthropometric and metabolic parameters were analyzed in two cross-sectional studies that examined 117 middle-aged healthy women and 14 obese subjects, respectively. C. Interventional studies: The effect of weight loss on FNDC5 mRNA and/or circulating irisin levels was examined in 14 obese subjects before and after bariatric surgery. The effect of acute and chronic exercise was then assessed in 15 young healthy adults who performed intermittent sprint running sessions over an 8 week period. RESULTS Tissue arrays demonstrated that in humans, the FNDC5 gene is predominantly expressed in muscle. Circulating irisin was detected in the serum or plasma of all subjects studied, whereas circulating FNDC5 was detected in only a distinct minority of the subjects. Cross-sectional studies revealed that circulating irisin levels were positively correlated with biceps circumference (used as a surrogate marker of muscle mass herein), BMI, glucose, ghrelin, and IGF-1. In contrast, irisin levels were negatively correlated with age, insulin, cholesterol, and adiponectin levels, indicating a possible compensatory role of irisin in metabolic regulation. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that biceps circumference was the strongest predictor of circulating irisin levels underlying the association between irisin and metabolic factors in humans at baseline. Both muscle FNDC5 mRNA levels and circulating irisin levels were significantly downregulated 6 months after bariatric surgery. Circulating irisin levels were significantly upregulated 30 min after acute exercise and were correlated mainly with ATP levels and secondarily with metabolites related to glycolysis and lipolysis in muscle. CONCLUSIONS Similar to mice, the FNDC5 gene is expressed in human muscle. Age and muscle mass are the primary predictors of circulating irisin, with young male athletes having several fold higher irisin levels than middle-aged obese women. Circulating irisin levels increase in response to acute exercise whereas muscle FNDC5 mRNA and circulating irisin levels decrease after surgically induced weight loss in parallel to decrease in body mass. Further studies are needed to study the regulation of irisin levels and its physiological effects in humans and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Huh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Grigorios Panagiotou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mary Brinkoetter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Maria T. Vamvini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Schneider
- Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christos S. Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Corresponding author. Harvard Medical School, JP9B52A, Boston, MA 02130, USA. Tel.: +1 617 667 8630; fax: +1 617 667 8634. (C.S. Mantzoros)
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Abstract
With the need to investigate alternative approaches and emerging technologies in order to increase drug efficacy and reduce adverse drug effects, network biology offers a novel way of approaching drug discovery by considering the effect of a molecule and protein's function in a global physiological environment. By studying drug action across multiple scales of complexity, from molecular to cellular and tissue level, network-based computational methods have the potential to improve our understanding of the impact of chemicals in human health. In this review we present the available large-scale databases and tools that allow integration and analysis of such information for understanding the properties of small molecules in the context of cellular networks. With the recent advances in the omics area, global integrative approaches are necessary to cope with the massive amounts of data, and biomedical researchers are urged to implement new types of analyses that can lead to new therapeutic interventions with increased safety and efficacy compared with existing medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Panagiotou
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Panagiotou G, Papadakis M, Topakas E, Olsson L, Christakopoulos P. Identification of NADH kinase activity in filamentous fungi and structural modelling of the novel enzyme from Fusarium oxysporum. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Meijer S, Panagiotou G, Olsson L, Nielsen J. Physiological characterization of xylose metabolism inAspergillus niger under oxygen-limited conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 98:462-75. [PMID: 17335061 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The physiology of Aspergillus niger was studied under different aeration conditions. Five different aeration rates were investigated in batch cultivations of A. niger grown on xylose. Biomass, intra- and extra-cellular metabolites profiles were determined and ten different enzyme activities in the central carbon metabolism were assessed. The focus was on organic acid production with a special interest in succinate production. The fermentations revealed that oxygen limitation significantly changes the physiology of the micro-organism. Changes in extra cellular metabolite profiles were observed, that is, there was a drastic increase in polyol production (erythritol, xylitol, glycerol, arabitol, and mannitol) and to a lesser extent in the production of reduced acids (malate and succinate). The intracellular metabolite profiles indicated changes in fluxes, since several primary metabolites, like the intermediates of the TCA cycle accumulated during oxygen limitation (on average three fold increase). Also the enzyme activities showed changes between the exponential growth phase and the oxygen limitation phase. In general, the oxygen availability has a significant impact on the physiology of this fungus causing dramatic alterations in the central carbon metabolism that should be taken into account in the design of A. niger as a succinate cell factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meijer
- Biocentrum-DTU, Center for Microbial Biotechnology, building, 223, Søltofts Plads, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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Panagiotou G, Christakopoulos P, Olsson L. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cellulose by Fusarium oxysporum F3—growth characteristics and metabolite profiling. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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