1
|
Bibal A, Salem NM, Cardon R, White EK, Acuna DE, Burke R, Hunter LE. RecSOI: recommending research directions using statements of ignorance. J Biomed Semantics 2024; 15:2. [PMID: 38650032 PMCID: PMC11034121 DOI: 10.1186/s13326-024-00304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The more science advances, the more questions are asked. This compounding growth can make it difficult to keep up with current research directions. Furthermore, this difficulty is exacerbated for junior researchers who enter fields with already large bases of potentially fruitful research avenues. In this paper, we propose a novel task and a recommender system for research directions, RecSOI, that draws from statements of ignorance (SOIs) found in the research literature. By building researchers' profiles based on textual elements, RecSOI generates personalized recommendations of potential research directions tailored to their interests. In addition, RecSOI provides context for the recommended SOIs, so that users can quickly evaluate how relevant the research direction is for them. In this paper, we provide an overview of RecSOI's functioning, implementation, and evaluation, demonstrating its effectiveness in guiding researchers through the vast landscape of potential research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Bibal
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
| | - Nourah M Salem
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rémi Cardon
- University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth K White
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Robin Burke
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schuermans A, Vlasschaert C, Nauffal V, Cho SMJ, Uddin MM, Nakao T, Niroula A, Klarqvist MDR, Weeks LD, Lin AE, Saadatagah S, Lannery K, Wong M, Hornsby W, Lubitz SA, Ballantyne C, Jaiswal S, Libby P, Ebert BL, Bick AG, Ellinor PT, Natarajan P, Honigberg MC. Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential predicts incident cardiac arrhythmias. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:791-805. [PMID: 37952204 PMCID: PMC10919923 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), the age-related expansion of blood cells with preleukemic mutations, is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure. This study aimed to test the association of CHIP with new-onset arrhythmias. METHODS UK Biobank participants without prevalent arrhythmias were included. Co-primary study outcomes were supraventricular arrhythmias, bradyarrhythmias, and ventricular arrhythmias. Secondary outcomes were cardiac arrest, atrial fibrillation, and any arrhythmia. Associations of any CHIP [variant allele fraction (VAF) ≥ 2%], large CHIP (VAF ≥10%), and gene-specific CHIP subtypes with incident arrhythmias were evaluated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression. Associations of CHIP with myocardial interstitial fibrosis [T1 measured using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)] were also tested. RESULTS This study included 410 702 participants [CHIP: n = 13 892 (3.4%); large CHIP: n = 9191 (2.2%)]. Any and large CHIP were associated with multi-variable-adjusted hazard ratios of 1.11 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.18; P = .001] and 1.13 (95% CI 1.05-1.22; P = .001) for supraventricular arrhythmias, 1.09 (95% CI 1.01-1.19; P = .031) and 1.13 (95% CI 1.03-1.25; P = .011) for bradyarrhythmias, and 1.16 (95% CI, 1.00-1.34; P = .049) and 1.22 (95% CI 1.03-1.45; P = .021) for ventricular arrhythmias, respectively. Associations were independent of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Associations were also heterogeneous across arrhythmia subtypes and strongest for cardiac arrest. Gene-specific analyses revealed an increased risk of arrhythmias across driver genes other than DNMT3A. Large CHIP was associated with 1.31-fold odds (95% CI 1.07-1.59; P = .009) of being in the top quintile of myocardial fibrosis by CMR. CONCLUSIONS CHIP may represent a novel risk factor for incident arrhythmias, indicating a potential target for modulation towards arrhythmia prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Art Schuermans
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Victor Nauffal
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - So Mi Jemma Cho
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Mesbah Uddin
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tetsushi Nakao
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abhishek Niroula
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Lachelle D Weeks
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy E Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kim Lannery
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Megan Wong
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Whitney Hornsby
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Siddhartha Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander G Bick
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael C Honigberg
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Van Lancker K, Dukes O, Vansteelandt S. Ensuring valid inference for Cox hazard ratios after variable selection. Biometrics 2023; 79:3096-3110. [PMID: 37349873 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The problem of how to best select variables for confounding adjustment forms one of the key challenges in the evaluation of exposure effects in observational studies, and has been the subject of vigorous recent activity in causal inference. A major drawback of routine procedures is that there is no finite sample size at which they are guaranteed to deliver exposure effect estimators and associated confidence intervals with adequate performance. In this work, we will consider this problem when inferring conditional causal hazard ratios from observational studies under the assumption of no unmeasured confounding. The major complication that we face with survival data is that the key confounding variables may not be those that explain the censoring mechanism. In this paper, we overcome this problem using a novel and simple procedure that can be implemented using off-the-shelf software for penalized Cox regression. In particular, we will propose tests of the null hypothesis that the exposure has no effect on the considered survival endpoint, which are uniformly valid under standard sparsity conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed methods yield valid inferences even when covariates are high-dimensional.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Van Lancker
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oliver Dukes
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Vansteelandt
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tytgat B, Verleyen E, Sweetlove M, Van den Berge K, Pinseel E, Hodgson DA, Chown SL, Sabbe K, Wilmotte A, Willems A, Vyverman W. Polar lake microbiomes have distinct evolutionary histories. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade7130. [PMID: 37976353 PMCID: PMC10656066 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Toward the poles, life on land is increasingly dominated by microorganisms, yet the evolutionary origin of polar microbiomes remains poorly understood. Here, we use metabarcoding of Arctic, sub-Antarctic, and Antarctic lacustrine benthic microbial communities to test the hypothesis that high-latitude microbiomes are recruited from a globally dispersing species pool through environmental selection. We demonstrate that taxonomic overlap between the regions is limited within most phyla, even at higher-order taxonomic levels, with unique deep-branching phylogenetic clades being present in each region. We show that local and regional taxon richness and net diversification rate of regionally restricted taxa differ substantially between polar regions in both microeukaryotic and bacterial biota. This suggests that long-term evolutionary divergence resulting from low interhemispheric dispersal and diversification in isolation has been a prominent process shaping present-day polar lake microbiomes. Our findings illuminate the distinctive biogeography of polar lake ecosystems and underscore that conservation efforts should include their unique microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Tytgat
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Elie Verleyen
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Maxime Sweetlove
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Koen Van den Berge
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Eveline Pinseel
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium
| | - Dominic A. Hodgson
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Steven L. Chown
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Koen Sabbe
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Annick Wilmotte
- InBio-Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne Willems
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Wim Vyverman
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hanozin E, Harper CC, McPartlan MS, Williams ER. Dynamics of Rayleigh Fission Processes in ∼100 nm Charged Aqueous Nanodrops. ACS Cent Sci 2023; 9:1611-1622. [PMID: 37637724 PMCID: PMC10451037 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Fission of micron-size charged droplets has been observed using optical methods, but little is known about fission dynamics and breakup of smaller nanosize droplets that are important in a variety of natural and industrial processes. Here, spontaneous fission of individual aqueous nanodrops formed by electrospray is investigated using charge detection mass spectrometry. Fission processes ranging from formation of just two progeny droplets in 2 ms to production of dozens of progeny droplets over 100+ ms are observed for nanodrops that are charged above the Rayleigh limit. These results indicate that Rayleigh fission is a continuum of processes that produce progeny droplets that vary widely in charge, mass, and number.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Hanozin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Conner C. Harper
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew S. McPartlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Evan R. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bock DG, Baeckens S, Kolbe JJ, Losos JB. When adaptation is slowed down: Genomic analysis of evolutionary stasis in thermal tolerance during biological invasion in a novel climate. Mol Ecol 2023. [PMID: 37489260 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Research conducted during the past two decades has demonstrated that biological invasions are excellent models of rapid evolution. Even so, characteristics of invasive populations such as a short time for recombination to assemble optimal combinations of alleles may occasionally limit adaptation to new environments. Here, we investigated such genetic constraints to adaptation in the invasive brown anole (Anolis sagrei)-a tropical ectotherm that was introduced to the southeastern United States, a region with a much colder climate than in its native Caribbean range. We examined thermal physiology for 30 invasive populations and tested for a climatic cline in cold tolerance. Also, we used genomics to identify mechanisms that may limit adaptation. We found no support for a climatic cline, indicating that thermal tolerance did not shift adaptively. Concomitantly, population genomic results were consistent with the occurrence of recombination cold spots that comprise more than half of the genome and maintain long-range associations among alleles in invasive populations. These genomic regions overlap with both candidate thermal tolerance loci that we identified using a standard genome-wide association test. Moreover, we found that recombination cold spots do not have a large contribution to population differentiation in the invasive range, contrary to observations in the native range. We suggest that limited recombination is constraining the contribution of large swaths of the genome to adaptation in invasive brown anoles. Our study provides an example of evolutionary stasis during invasion and highlights the possibility that reduced recombination occasionally slows down adaptation in invasive populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan G Bock
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Simon Baeckens
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Lab, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Functional Morphology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jason J Kolbe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jonathan B Losos
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Goossens Q, Locsin M, Gharehbaghi S, Brito P, Moise E, Ponder LA, Inan OT, Prahalad S. Knee acoustic emissions as a noninvasive biomarker of articular health in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a clinical validation in an extended study population. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2023; 21:59. [PMID: 37340311 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-023-00842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Joint acoustic emissions from knees have been evaluated as a convenient, non-invasive digital biomarker of inflammatory knee involvement in a small cohort of children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). The objective of the present study was to validate this in a larger cohort. FINDINGS A total of 116 subjects (86 JIA and 30 healthy controls) participated in this study. Of the 86 subjects with JIA, 43 subjects had active knee involvement at the time of study. Joint acoustic emissions were bilaterally recorded, and corresponding signal features were used to train a machine learning algorithm (XGBoost) to classify JIA and healthy knees. All active JIA knees and 80% of the controls were used as training data set, while the remaining knees were used as testing data set. Leave-one-leg-out cross-validation was used for validation on the training data set. Validation on the training and testing set of the classifier resulted in an accuracy of 81.1% and 87.7% respectively. Sensitivity / specificity for the training and testing validation was 88.6% / 72.3% and 88.1% / 83.3%, respectively. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.81 for the developed classifier. The distributions of the joint scores of the active and inactive knees were significantly different. CONCLUSION Joint acoustic emissions can serve as an inexpensive and easy-to-use digital biomarker to distinguish JIA from healthy controls. Utilizing serial joint acoustic emission recordings can potentially help monitor disease activity in JIA affected joints to enable timely changes in therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Goossens
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Technology Square Research Building, 85 Fifth St NW, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA.
| | - Miguel Locsin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Sevda Gharehbaghi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Technology Square Research Building, 85 Fifth St NW, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA
| | - Priya Brito
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Emily Moise
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Technology Square Research Building, 85 Fifth St NW, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA
| | - Lori A Ponder
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Omer T Inan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Technology Square Research Building, 85 Fifth St NW, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA
| | - Sampath Prahalad
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30223, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30223, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30223, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martens P, Verbrugge FH, Dauw J, Nijst P, Meekers E, Augusto SN, Ter Maaten JM, Heylen L, Damman K, Mebazaa A, Filippatos G, Ruschitzka F, Tang WHW, Dupont M, Mullens W. Pre-treatment bicarbonate levels and decongestion by acetazolamide: the ADVOR trial. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:1995-2005. [PMID: 37138385 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Acetazolamide inhibits proximal tubular sodium and bicarbonate re-absorption and improved decongestive response in acute heart failure in the ADVOR trial. It is unknown whether bicarbonate levels alter the decongestive response to acetazolamide. METHODS AND RESULTS This is a sub-analysis of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled ADVOR trial that randomized 519 patients with acute heart failure and volume overload in a 1:1 ratio to intravenous acetazolamide (500 mg/day) or matching placebo on top of standardized intravenous loop diuretics (dose equivalent of twice oral maintenance dose). The primary endpoint was complete decongestion after 3 days of treatment (morning of day 4). Impact of baseline HCO3 levels on the treatment effect of acetazolamide was assessed. : Of the 519 enrolled patients, 516 (99.4%) had a baseline HCO3 measurement. Continuous HCO3 modelling illustrated a higher proportional treatment effect for acetazolamide if baseline HCO3 ≥ 27 mmol/l. A total of 234 (45%) had a baseline HCO3 ≥ 27 mmol/l. Randomization towards acetazolamide improved decongestive response over the entire range of baseline HCO3- levels (P = 0.004); however, patients with elevated baseline HCO3 exhibited a significant higher response to acetazolamide [primary endpoint: no vs. elevated HCO3; OR 1.37 (0.79-2.37) vs. OR 2.39 (1.35-4.22), P-interaction = 0.065), with higher proportional diuretic and natriuretic response (both P-interaction < 0.001), greater reduction in congestion score on consecutive days (treatment × time by HCO3-interaction <0.001) and length of stay (P-interaction = 0.019). The larger proportional treatment effect was mainly explained by the development of diminished decongestive response in the placebo arm (loop diuretics only), both with regard to reaching the primary endpoint of decongestion as well as reduction in congestion score. Development of elevated HCO3 further worsened decongestive response in the placebo arm (P-interaction = 0.041). A loop diuretic only strategy was associated with an increase in the HCO3 during the treatment phase which was prevented by acetazolamide (day 3: placebo 74.8% vs. acetazolamide 41.3%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Acetazolamide improves decongestive response over the entire range of HCO3- levels; however, the treatment response is magnified in patients with baseline or loop diuretic-induced elevated HCO3 (marker of proximal nephron NaHCO3 retention) by specifically counteracting this component of diuretic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Martens
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg A.V., Schiepse bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - Frederik H Verbrugge
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Brussels, Jette, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Dauw
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg A.V., Schiepse bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Petra Nijst
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg A.V., Schiepse bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meekers
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg A.V., Schiepse bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Brussels, Jette, Belgium
| | - Silvio Nunes Augusto
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jozine M Ter Maaten
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Line Heylen
- Department of Nefrology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg A.V., Genk, Belgium
| | - Kevin Damman
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Department of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, Inserm MASCOT, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wai Hong Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matthias Dupont
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg A.V., Schiepse bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - Wilfried Mullens
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg A.V., Schiepse bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Martens P, Yu S, Larive B, Borlaug BA, Erzurum SC, Farha S, Finet JE, Grunig G, Hemnes AR, Hill NS, Horn EM, Jacob M, Kwon DH, Park MM, Rischard FP, Rosenzweig EB, Wilcox JD, Tang WHW. Iron deficiency in pulmonary vascular disease: pathophysiological and clinical implications. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:1979-1991. [PMID: 36879444 PMCID: PMC10474927 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Iron deficiency is common in pulmonary hypertension, but its clinical significance and optimal definition remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Phenotypic data for 1028 patients enrolled in the Redefining Pulmonary Hypertension through Pulmonary Vascular Disease Phenomics study were analyzed. Iron deficiency was defined using the conventional heart failure definition and also based upon optimal cut-points associated with impaired peak oxygen consumption (peakVO2), 6-min walk test distance, and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) scores. The relationships between iron deficiency and cardiac and pulmonary vascular function and structure and outcomes were assessed. The heart failure definition of iron deficiency endorsed by pulmonary hypertension guidelines did not identify patients with reduced peakVO2, 6-min walk test, and SF-36 (P > 0.208 for all), but defining iron deficiency as transferrin saturation (TSAT) <21% did. Compared to those with TSAT ≥21%, patients with TSAT <21% demonstrated lower peakVO2 [absolute difference: -1.89 (-2.73 to -1.04) mL/kg/min], 6-min walk test distance [absolute difference: -34 (-51 to -17) m], and SF-36 physical component score [absolute difference: -2.5 (-1.3 to -3.8)] after adjusting for age, sex, and hemoglobin (all P < 0.001). Patients with a TSAT <21% had more right ventricular remodeling on cardiac magnetic resonance but similar pulmonary vascular resistance on catheterization. Transferrin saturation <21% was also associated with increased mortality risk (hazard ratio 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.13-2.34; P = 0.009) after adjusting for sex, age, hemoglobin, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. CONCLUSION The definition of iron deficiency in the 2022 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) pulmonary hypertension guidelines does not identify patients with lower exercise capacity or functional status, while a definition of TSAT <21% identifies patients with lower exercise capacity, worse functional status, right heart remodeling, and adverse clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Martens
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shilin Yu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brett Larive
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Samar Farha
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Emanuel Finet
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Gabriele Grunig
- Department of Medicine & Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna R Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nicholas S Hill
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evelyn M Horn
- Perkin Heart Failure Center, Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Jacob
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Deborah H Kwon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Margaret M Park
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Franz P Rischard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Erika B Rosenzweig
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer D Wilcox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wai Hong Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Esser N, Mundinger TO, Barrow BM, Zraika S. Acute Inhibition of Intestinal Neprilysin Enhances Insulin Secretion via GLP-1 Receptor Signaling in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad055. [PMID: 36964914 PMCID: PMC10282919 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The peptidase neprilysin modulates glucose homeostasis by cleaving and inactivating insulinotropic peptides, including some produced in the intestine such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Under diabetic conditions, systemic or islet-selective inhibition of neprilysin enhances beta-cell function through GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling. While neprilysin is expressed in intestine, its local contribution to modulation of beta-cell function remains unknown. We sought to determine whether acute selective pharmacological inhibition of intestinal neprilysin enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion under physiological conditions, and whether this effect was mediated through GLP-1R. Lean chow-fed Glp1r+/+ and Glp1r-/- mice received a single oral low dose of the neprilysin inhibitor thiorphan or vehicle. To confirm selective intestinal neprilysin inhibition, neprilysin activity in plasma and intestine (ileum and colon) was assessed 40 minutes after thiorphan or vehicle administration. In a separate cohort of mice, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed 30 minutes after thiorphan or vehicle administration to assess glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Systemic active GLP-1 levels were measured in plasma collected 10 minutes after glucose administration. In both Glp1r+/+ and Glp1r-/- mice, thiorphan inhibited neprilysin activity in ileum and colon without altering plasma neprilysin activity or active GLP-1 levels. Further, thiorphan significantly increased insulin secretion in Glp1r+/+ mice, whereas it did not change insulin secretion in Glp1r-/- mice. In conclusion, under physiological conditions, acute pharmacological inhibition of intestinal neprilysin increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in a GLP-1R-dependent manner. Since intestinal neprilysin modulates beta-cell function, strategies to inhibit its activity specifically in the intestine may improve beta-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Esser
- Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism and Nutrition, GIGA-I3, CHU Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas O Mundinger
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Breanne M Barrow
- Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Sakeneh Zraika
- Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Omote K, Sorimachi H, Obokata M, Reddy YNV, Verbrugge FH, Omar M, DuBrock HM, Redfield MM, Borlaug BA. Pulmonary vascular disease in pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease: pathophysiologic implications. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:3417-3431. [PMID: 35796488 PMCID: PMC9794188 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) are common and associated with adverse outcomes in left heart disease (LHD). This study sought to characterize the pathophysiology of PVD across the spectrum of PH in LHD. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with PH-LHD [mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressure >20 mmHg and PA wedge pressure (PAWP) ≥15 mmHg] and controls free of PH or LHD underwent invasive haemodynamic exercise testing with simultaneous echocardiography, expired air and blood gas analysis, and lung ultrasound in a prospective study. Patients with PH-LHD were divided into isolated post-capillary PH (IpcPH) and PVD [combined post- and pre-capillary PH (CpcPH)] based upon pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR <3.0 or ≥3.0 WU). As compared with controls (n = 69) and IpcPH-LHD (n = 55), participants with CpcPH-LHD (n = 40) displayed poorer left atrial function and more severe right ventricular (RV) dysfunction at rest. With exercise, patients with CpcPH-LHD displayed similar PAWP to IpcPH-LHD, but more severe RV-PA uncoupling, greater ventricular interaction, and more severe impairments in cardiac output, O2 delivery, and peak O2 consumption. Despite higher PVR, participants with CpcPH developed more severe lung congestion compared with both IpcPH-LHD and controls, which was associated lower arterial O2 tension, reduced alveolar ventilation, decreased pulmonary O2 diffusion, and greater ventilation-perfusion mismatch. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary vascular disease in LHD is associated with a distinct pathophysiologic signature marked by greater exercise-induced lung congestion, arterial hypoxaemia, RV-PA uncoupling, ventricular interdependence, and impairment in O2 delivery, impairing aerobic capacity. Further study is required to identify novel treatments targeting the pulmonary vasculature in PH-LHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Omote
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hidemi Sorimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Masaru Obokata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yogesh N V Reddy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Frederik H Verbrugge
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Brussels, Jette, Belgium
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Massar Omar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hilary M DuBrock
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Margaret M Redfield
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Van den Eynde J, Bomhals K, Noé D, Jacquemyn X, McCutcheon K, Bennett J, Puskas JD, Oosterlinck W. Revascularization strategies in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2022; 34:947-957. [PMID: 34964468 PMCID: PMC9159431 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivab376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment modalities for multivessel disease have rapidly evolved, yet the preferred strategy remains controversial. This meta-analysis compared outcomes after on-pump (ONCAB), off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or hybrid coronary revascularization. A comprehensive search for observational studies and randomized controlled trials published by August 2020 was performed. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted for early (<30 days) and late (>12 months) outcomes. A total of 119 studies were included (n = 700 458 patients). The main analysis was confined to 31 randomized controlled trials (n = 24 932 patients). PCI was associated with lower early mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31-0.79] and stroke (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.06-0.60) rates compared with ONCAB, whereas a reduced risk of early myocardial infarction was observed with OPCAB compared with ONCAB (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.32-0.83). Late target vessel revascularization and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were both increased with PCI compared with ONCAB, OPCAB and hybrid coronary revascularization (by 127-203% and 59-64%, respectively), and late major adverse cardiac events were increased in PCI compared with ONCAB and OPCAB (by 64% and 59%). However, PCI was associated with a significantly lower risk of late stroke compared with ONCAB (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.52-0.89). Sensitivity analyses (i) including observational studies and (ii) limiting to studies with recent cohorts confirmed the findings of the main analysis. Surgical approaches for revascularization remain superior to PCI in patients with multivessel disease. Hybrid coronary revascularization might be viable for some patients, although more evidence from randomized controlled trials is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jef Van den Eynde
- Helen B. Taussig Heart Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Bomhals
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries Noé
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xander Jacquemyn
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Keir McCutcheon
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Bennett
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John D Puskas
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wouter Oosterlinck
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Verbrugge FH, Omote K, Reddy YNV, Sorimachi H, Obokata M, Borlaug BA. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with normal natriuretic peptide levels is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:1941-1951. [PMID: 35139159 PMCID: PMC9649913 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial proportion of patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) present with normal natriuretic peptide (NP) levels. The pathophysiology and natural history for this phenotype remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Consecutive subjects undergoing invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing for unexplained dyspnoea at Mayo Clinic in 2006-18 were studied. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was defined as a pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) ≥15 mmHg (rest) or ≥25 mmHg (exercise). Patients with HFpEF and normal NP [N-terminal of the pro-hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) < 125 ng/L] were compared with HFpEF with high NP (NT-proBNP ≥ 125 ng/L) and controls with normal haemodynamics. Patients with HFpEF and normal (n = 157) vs. high NP (n = 263) were younger, yet older than controls (n = 161), with an intermediate comorbidity profile. Normal NP HFpEF was associated with more left ventricular hypertrophy and worse diastolic function compared with controls, but better diastolic function, lower left atrial volumes, superior right ventricular function, and less mitral/tricuspid regurgitation compared with high NP HFpEF. Cardiac output (CO) reserve with exercise was preserved in normal NP HFpEF [101% predicted, interquartile range (IQR): 75-124%], but this was achieved only at the cost of higher left ventricular transmural pressure (LVTMP) (14 ± 6 mmHg vs. 7 ± 4 mmHg in controls, P < 0.001). In contrast, CO reserve was decreased in high NP HFpEF (85% predicted, IQR: 59-109%), with lower LVTMP (10 ± 8 mmHg) compared with normal NP HFpEF (P < 0.001), despite similar PAWP. Patients with high NP HFpEF displayed the highest event rates, but normal NP HFpEF still had 2.7-fold higher risk for mortality or HF readmissions compared with controls (hazard ratio: 2.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-7.32) after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. CONCLUSION Patients with HFpEF and normal NP display mild diastolic dysfunction and preserved CO reserve during exercise, despite marked elevation in filling pressures. While clinical outcomes are not as poor compared with patients with high NP, patients with normal NP HFpEF exhibit increased risk of death or HF readmissions compared with patients without HF, emphasizing the importance of this phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik H Verbrugge
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Kazunori Omote
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yogesh N V Reddy
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hidemi Sorimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Masaru Obokata
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease in women remains under-diagnosed and under-treated. Recent studies suggest that this is caused, at least in part, by the lack of sex-specific diagnostic criteria. While it is widely recognized that the female heart is smaller than the male heart, it has long been ignored that it also has a different microstructural architecture. This has severe implications on a multitude of cardiac parameters. Here, we systematically review and compare geometric, functional, and structural parameters of female and male hearts, both in the healthy population and in athletes. Our study finds that, compared to the male heart, the female heart has a larger ejection fraction and beats at a faster rate but generates a smaller cardiac output. It has a lower blood pressure but produces universally larger contractile strains. Critically, allometric scaling, e.g., by lean body mass, reduces but does not completely eliminate the sex differences between female and male hearts. Our results suggest that the sex differences in cardiac form and function are too complex to be ignored: the female heart is not just a small version of the male heart. When using similar diagnostic criteria for female and male hearts, cardiac disease in women is frequently overlooked by routine exams, and it is diagnosed later and with more severe symptoms than in men. Clearly, there is an urgent need to better understand the female heart and design sex-specific diagnostic criteria that will allow us to diagnose cardiac disease in women equally as early, robustly, and reliably as in men. Systematic Review Registration https://livingmatter.stanford.edu/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. St. Pierre
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mathias Peirlinck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ellen Kuhl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the Coronavirus pandemic, the arts and culture sector has been experiencing a paradoxical situation. While the demand for cultural and creative content has intensified throughout the lockdown period––and digital access has become more critical than ever before––economic indicators predict that the cultural sector will be one of the most affected, and probably one of the slowest to recover. Beyond short-term initiatives such as surveys or data collection aiming to provide artists and intermediaries with financial and logistical supports, both academics and practitioners must engage in joined-up thinking on the future of art consumption, especially from a consumer’s perspective. This commentary paper addresses the main challenges faced by the economy of arts and culture in times of global health crisis by pinpointing the specificities of cultural goods and services. More specifically, the paper shows the extent to which traditional patterns of consumption have been affected, and what research is needed to develop sustainable solutions. We argue that consumers will be critical players in the recovery process, and four research directions are suggested accordingly: (1) data collection on consumers’ cultural practices; (2) consumers and the digital cultural experience; (3) consumers’ engagement and loyalty in the arts and culture; and (4) consumers’ well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie V. Radermecker
- Duke Art Law and Markets Initiative, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Department of History, Arts and Archaeology-Cultural Management, Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Jeanne 56, J56.2.101 (CP103), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deklerck V, Price E, Vanden Abeele S, Lievens K, Espinoza E, Beeckman H. Timber identification of Autranella, Baillonella and Tieghemella in the taxonomically challenging Sapotaceae family. Plant Methods 2021; 17:64. [PMID: 34158085 PMCID: PMC8220841 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To enforce timber import laws and perform timber species identification, the identity of the botanical species must be well-defined. Since the Sapotaceae family is known as a taxonomically challenging family, we focus in this study on the four most valuable Sapotaceae timber species from tropical Africa: Autranella congolensis (De Wild.) A.Chev., Baillonella toxisperma Pierre, Tieghemella africana Pierre and Tieghemella heckelii (A.Chev.) Pierre ex Dubard. The wood anatomical characteristic fiber lumen fraction and Direct Analysis in Real Time-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (DART-TOFMS) were used to differentiate the four species and to make inferences on species delineation and taxonomic identity. RESULTS We observed differences in the fiber lumen fraction measurements and discerned two groups: (1) A. congolensis and B. toxisperma, and (2) T. africana and T. heckelii. In addition, all Mann-Whitney U comparisons and differences in distributions (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) for the fiber lumen fraction measurements were significant between all species. When permutating the data between species within those two groups, significant differences were still found between the species within those groups. This could indicate that the fiber lumen fraction is not diagnostic to discern the species. DART-TOFMS analysis showed that A. congolensis and B. toxisperma have distinct chemotypes, while T. heckelii and T. africana have remarkably similar chemotypes. CONCLUSIONS Based on our observations of similar chemotype and weakly differentiated fiber lumen ratio, we support an alternative taxonomic hypothesis that considers Tieghemella monotypic, because of the strong resemblance between T. heckelii and T. africana. Larger sample sizes and further research is required to develop methodology for the identification of these species. A taxonomic study utilizing molecular genetics would be beneficial to assess the status of the genus and the species limits. This could have implications towards their potential inclusion on CITES appendices if there is ever need for them to be listed. If Tieghemella africana and T. heckelii remain two distinct species, they should both be listed. Screening agents should be aware that the morphological and chemical differences between T. africana and T. heckelii are minimal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Deklerck
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), Leuvensesteensweg 13, 3080, Tervuren, Belgium.
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, United Kingdom.
| | - E Price
- U.S. Forest Service International Programs Wood Identification & Screening Center, Richardson Hall 109, 3180 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Forensic Laboratory, 1490 East Main Street, Ashland, OR, 97520, USA
| | - S Vanden Abeele
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - K Lievens
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), Leuvensesteensweg 13, 3080, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - E Espinoza
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Forensic Laboratory, 1490 East Main Street, Ashland, OR, 97520, USA
| | - H Beeckman
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), Leuvensesteensweg 13, 3080, Tervuren, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sorimachi H, Obokata M, Takahashi N, Reddy YNV, Jain CC, Verbrugge FH, Koepp KE, Khosla S, Jensen MD, Borlaug BA. Pathophysiologic importance of visceral adipose tissue in women with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:1595-1605. [PMID: 33227126 PMCID: PMC8060057 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Central obesity is a major risk factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), particularly in women, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that sex-specific differences in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) content would differentially relate to haemodynamic severity of HFpEF in women and men. METHODS AND RESULTS Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and invasive haemodynamic exercise testing were performed in 105 subjects with HFpEF (63 women) and 105 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched controls. Visceral adipose tissue area was quantified by CT. As compared with control women, VAT area was 34% higher in women with HFpEF (186 ± 112 vs. 139 ± 72 cm2, P = 0.006), while VAT area was not significantly different in men with or without HFpEF (294 ± 158 vs. 252 ± 92 cm2, P = 0.1). During exercise, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) increased markedly and to similar extent in both men and women with HFpEF. Women with increased VAT area displayed 33% higher PCWP during exercise compared with women with normal VAT area (28 ± 10 vs. 21 ± 10 mmHg, P = 0.001), whereas exercise PCWP was similar in men with or without excess VAT (24 ± 9 vs. 25 ± 6, P = 0.89). In women, each 100 cm2 increase in VAT area was associated with a 4.0 mmHg higher PCWP (95% CI 2.1, 6.0 mmHg; P < 0.0001), but there was no such relationship in men (interaction P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that accumulation of excess VAT plays a distinct and important role in the pathophysiology of HFpEF preferentially in women. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms and treatment implications for visceral fat in HFpEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Sorimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Masaru Obokata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yogesh N V Reddy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Christopher C Jain
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Frederik H Verbrugge
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, BE3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Katlyn E Koepp
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael D Jensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vanden Abeele S, Janssens SB, Piñeiro R, Hardy OJ. Evidence of past forest fragmentation in the Congo Basin from the phylogeography of a shade-tolerant tree with limited seed dispersal: Scorodophloeus zenkeri (Fabaceae, Detarioideae). BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:50. [PMID: 33784979 PMCID: PMC8011194 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparative phylogeographic studies on rainforest species that are widespread in Central Africa often reveal genetic discontinuities within and between biogeographic regions, indicating (historical) barriers to gene flow, possibly due to repeated and/or long-lasting population fragmentation during glacial periods according to the forest refuge hypothesis. The impact of forest fragmentation seems to be modulated by the ecological amplitude and dispersal capacities of each species, resulting in different demographic histories. Moreover, while multiple studies investigated the western part of Central Africa (Lower Guinea), few have sufficiently sampled the heart of the Congo Basin (Congolia). In this study, we look for genetic discontinuities between populations of the widespread tropical tree Scorodophloeus zenkeri Harms (Fabaceae, Detarioideae) in Central Africa. Additionally, we characterize genetic diversity, selfing rate and fine-scale spatial genetic structure within populations to estimate the gene dispersal capacity of the species. RESULTS Clear intraspecific genetic discontinuities occur throughout the species' distribution range, with two genetic clusters in Congolia and four in Lower Guinea, and highest differentiation occurring between these bioregions. Genetic diversity is higher in Lower Guinea than Congolia. A spatial genetic structure characteristic of isolation by distance occurs within the genetic clusters. This allowed us to estimate gene dispersal distances (σg) for this outcrossing species with ballistic seed dispersal, which range between 100 and 250 m in areas where S. zenkeri occurs in high densities, and are in the low range of σg values compared to other tropical trees. Gene dispersal distances are larger in low density populations, probably due to extensive pollen dispersal capacity. CONCLUSIONS Fragmentation of S. zenkeri populations seems to have occurred not only in Lower Guinea but also in the Congo Basin, though not necessarily according to previously postulated forest refuge areas. The lower genetic diversity in Congolia compared to Lower Guinea parallels the known gradient of species diversity, possibly reflecting a stronger impact of past climate changes on the forest cover in Congolia. Despite its bisexual flowers, S. zenkeri appears to be mostly outcrossing. The limited dispersal observed in this species implies that genetic discontinuities resulting from past forest fragmentation can persist for a long time before being erased by gene flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Vanden Abeele
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium.
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Faculté Des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Steven B Janssens
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rosalía Piñeiro
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Faculté Des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Villazon T, Claeys PW, Pandey M, Polkovnikov A, Chandran A. Persistent dark states in anisotropic central spin models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16080. [PMID: 32999321 PMCID: PMC7527970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lived dark states, in which an experimentally accessible qubit is not in thermal equilibrium with a surrounding spin bath, are pervasive in solid-state systems. We explain the ubiquity of dark states in a large class of inhomogeneous central spin models using the proximity to integrable lines with exact dark eigenstates. At numerically accessible sizes, dark states persist as eigenstates at large deviations from integrability, and the qubit retains memory of its initial polarization at long times. Although the eigenstates of the system are chaotic, exhibiting exponential sensitivity to small perturbations, they do not satisfy the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. Rather, we predict long relaxation times that increase exponentially with system size. We propose that this intermediate chaotic but non-ergodic regime characterizes mesoscopic quantum dot and diamond defect systems, as we see no numerical tendency towards conventional thermalization with a finite relaxation time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamiro Villazon
- Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA.
| | - Pieter W Claeys
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Mohit Pandey
- Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| | - Anatoli Polkovnikov
- Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| | - Anushya Chandran
- Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schmidt ML, Biddanda BA, Weinke AD, Chiang E, Januska F, Props R, Denef VJ. Microhabitats are associated with diversity-productivity relationships in freshwater bacterial communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:fiaa029. [PMID: 32105331 PMCID: PMC8453396 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic communities commonly display a positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF) but the results have been mixed when assessed in bacterial communities. Habitat heterogeneity, a factor in eukaryotic BEFs, may explain these variable observations but it has not been thoroughly evaluated in bacterial communities. Here, we examined the impact of habitat on the relationship between diversity assessed based on the (phylogenetic) Hill diversity metrics and heterotrophic productivity. We sampled co-occurring free-living (more homogenous) and particle-associated (more heterogeneous) bacterial habitats in a freshwater, estuarine lake over three seasons: spring, summer and fall. There was a strong, positive, linear relationship between particle-associated bacterial richness and heterotrophic productivity that strengthened when considering dominant taxa. There were no observable BEF trends in free-living bacterial communities for any diversity metric. Biodiversity, richness and Inverse Simpson's index, were the best predictors of particle-associated production whereas pH was the best predictor of free-living production. Our findings show that heterotrophic productivity is positively correlated with the effective number of taxa and that BEF relationships are associated with microhabitats. These results add to the understanding of the highly distinct contributions to diversity and functioning contributed by bacteria in free-living and particle-associated habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian L Schmidt
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Integrative Biology, Austin, TX USA
| | - Bopaiah A Biddanda
- Grand Valley State University, Annis Water Resources Institute, Muskegon, MI, USA
| | - Anthony D Weinke
- Grand Valley State University, Annis Water Resources Institute, Muskegon, MI, USA
| | - Edna Chiang
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Bacteriology, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fallon Januska
- Grand Valley State University, Annis Water Resources Institute, Muskegon, MI, USA
| | - Ruben Props
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Vincent J Denef
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bouslimani A, da Silva R, Kosciolek T, Janssen S, Callewaert C, Amir A, Dorrestein K, Melnik AV, Zaramela LS, Kim JN, Humphrey G, Schwartz T, Sanders K, Brennan C, Luzzatto-Knaan T, Ackermann G, McDonald D, Zengler K, Knight R, Dorrestein PC. The impact of skin care products on skin chemistry and microbiome dynamics. BMC Biol 2019; 17:47. [PMID: 31189482 PMCID: PMC6560912 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of skin personal care products on a regular basis is nearly ubiquitous, but their effects on molecular and microbial diversity of the skin are unknown. We evaluated the impact of four beauty products (a facial lotion, a moisturizer, a foot powder, and a deodorant) on 11 volunteers over 9 weeks. RESULTS Mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA inventories of the skin revealed decreases in chemical as well as in bacterial and archaeal diversity on halting deodorant use. Specific compounds from beauty products used before the study remain detectable with half-lives of 0.5-1.9 weeks. The deodorant and foot powder increased molecular, bacterial, and archaeal diversity, while arm and face lotions had little effect on bacterial and archaeal but increased chemical diversity. Personal care product effects last for weeks and produce highly individualized responses, including alterations in steroid and pheromone levels and in bacterial and archaeal ecosystem structure and dynamics. CONCLUSIONS These findings may lead to next-generation precision beauty products and therapies for skin disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Bouslimani
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, San Diego, USA
| | - Ricardo da Silva
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, San Diego, USA
| | - Tomasz Kosciolek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Stefan Janssen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chris Callewaert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amnon Amir
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kathleen Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, San Diego, USA
| | - Alexey V Melnik
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, San Diego, USA
| | - Livia S Zaramela
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ji-Nu Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gregory Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tara Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Karenina Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Caitriona Brennan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tal Luzzatto-Knaan
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, San Diego, USA
| | - Gail Ackermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Daniel McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Karsten Zengler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92307, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92307, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, San Diego, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92307, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
OhAinle M, Helms L, Vermeire J, Roesch F, Humes D, Basom R, Delrow JJ, Overbaugh J, Emerman M. A virus-packageable CRISPR screen identifies host factors mediating interferon inhibition of HIV. eLife 2018; 7:e39823. [PMID: 30520725 PMCID: PMC6286125 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) inhibits HIV replication by inducing antiviral effectors. To comprehensively identify IFN-induced HIV restriction factors, we assembled a CRISPR sgRNA library of Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) into a modified lentiviral vector that allows for packaging of sgRNA-encoding genomes in trans into budding HIV-1 particles. We observed that knockout of Zinc Antiviral Protein (ZAP) improved the performance of the screen due to ZAP-mediated inhibition of the vector. A small panel of IFN-induced HIV restriction factors, including MxB, IFITM1, Tetherin/BST2 and TRIM5alpha together explain the inhibitory effects of IFN on the CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 strain, HIV-1LAI, in THP-1 cells. A second screen with a CCR5-tropic primary strain, HIV-1Q23.BG505, described an overlapping, but non-identical, panel of restriction factors. Further, this screen also identifies HIV dependency factors. The ability of IFN-induced restriction factors to inhibit HIV strains to replicate in human cells suggests that these human restriction factors are incompletely antagonized. Editorial note This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly OhAinle
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterWashingtonUnited States
| | - Louisa Helms
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterWashingtonUnited States
| | - Jolien Vermeire
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterWashingtonUnited States
| | - Ferdinand Roesch
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterWashingtonUnited States
| | - Daryl Humes
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterWashingtonUnited States
| | - Ryan Basom
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared ResourceFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Jeffrey J Delrow
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared ResourceFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterWashingtonUnited States
| | - Michael Emerman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterWashingtonUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Buffin A, Sasaki T, Pratt SC. Scaling of speed with group size in cooperative transport by the ant Novomessor cockerelli. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205400. [PMID: 30300423 PMCID: PMC6177163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Working together allows social animals to accomplish tasks beyond the abilities of solitary individuals, but the benefits of cooperation must be balanced with the costs of coordination. Many ant species form cooperative groups to transport items too large for a single ant. However, transport by groups is often slower and less efficient than that of lone ants, for reasons that remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that groups are slower when porters must encircle the load to carry it, because this arrangement places ants in a variety of postures relative to the load and the direction of travel. Porters may therefore have difficulty maximizing individual forces and aligning them with those of other group members. Experiments on the desert ant Novomessor cockerelli, an adept cooperative transporter, did not support this hypothesis. Groups ranging in size from one to four ants were induced to carry loads such that all porters were aligned with one another. Load weight was adjusted so that all porters pulled the same per capita weight, but lone porters were nonetheless faster than groups of any size. As group size increased, porters persisted in carrying the load for longer periods before letting go. We used simulations to explore a scenario in which ants vary in their intrinsic speed and the group's speed is limited by that of its slowest member. This proposed mechanism is analogous to other social groups where group efficiency is determined by the weakest link. We discuss how interactions among porters, mediated by the load itself, might explain such a constraint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Buffin
- Mesa Community College, Mesa, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Takao Sasaki
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Pratt
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Flannery EL, Foquet L, Chuenchob V, Fishbaugher M, Billman Z, Navarro MJ, Betz W, Olsen TM, Lee J, Camargo N, Nguyen T, Schafer C, Sack BK, Wilson EM, Saunders J, Bial J, Campo B, Charman SA, Murphy SC, Phillips MA, Kappe SH, Mikolajczak SA. Assessing drug efficacy against Plasmodium falciparum liver stages in vivo. JCI Insight 2018; 3:92587. [PMID: 29321371 PMCID: PMC5821200 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria eradication necessitates new tools to fight the evolving and complex Plasmodium pathogens. These tools include prophylactic drugs that eliminate Plasmodium liver stages and consequently prevent clinical disease, decrease transmission, and reduce the propensity for resistance development. Currently, the identification of these drugs relies on in vitro P. falciparum liver stage assays or in vivo causal prophylaxis assays using rodent malaria parasites; there is no method to directly test in vivo liver stage activity of candidate antimalarials against the human malaria-causing parasite P. falciparum. Here, we use a liver-chimeric humanized mouse (FRG huHep) to demonstrate in vivo P. falciparum liver stage development and describe the efficacy of clinically used and candidate antimalarials with prophylactic activity. We show that daily administration of atovaquone-proguanil (ATQ-PG; ATQ, 30 mg/kg, and PG, 10 mg/kg) protects 5 of 5 mice from liver stage infection, consistent with the use in humans as a causal prophylactic drug. Single-dose primaquine (60 mg/kg) has similar activity to that observed in humans, demonstrating the activity of this drug (and its active metabolites) in FRG huHep mice. We also show that DSM265, a selective Plasmodial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor with causal prophylactic activity in humans, reduces liver stage burden in FRG huHep mice. Finally, we measured liver stage-to-blood stage transition of the parasite, the ultimate readout of prophylactic activity and measurement of infective capacity of parasites in the liver, to show that ATQ-PG reduces blood stage patency to below the limit of quantitation by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The FRG huHep model, thus, provides a platform for preclinical evaluation of drug candidates for liver stage causal prophylactic activity, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics studies, and biological studies to investigate the mechanism of action of liver stage active antimalarials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lander Foquet
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vorada Chuenchob
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Zachary Billman
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - William Betz
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tayla M. Olsen
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joshua Lee
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nelly Camargo
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thao Nguyen
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carola Schafer
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brandon K. Sack
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Jessica Saunders
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Bial
- Yecuris Corporation, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Brice Campo
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Susan A. Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean C. Murphy
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Margaret A. Phillips
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas Texas, USA
| | - Stefan H.I. Kappe
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Meunier F, Couvreur V, Draye X, Vanderborght J, Javaux M. Towards quantitative root hydraulic phenotyping: novel mathematical functions to calculate plant-scale hydraulic parameters from root system functional and structural traits. J Math Biol 2017; 75:1133-1170. [PMID: 28255663 PMCID: PMC5591877 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-017-1111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Predicting root water uptake and plant transpiration is crucial for managing plant irrigation and developing drought-tolerant root system ideotypes (i.e. ideal root systems). Today, three-dimensional structural functional models exist, which allows solving the water flow equation in the soil and in the root systems under transient conditions and in heterogeneous soils. Yet, these models rely on the full representation of the three-dimensional distribution of the root hydraulic properties, which is not always easy to access. Recently, new models able to represent this complex system without the full knowledge of the plant 3D hydraulic architecture and with a limited number of parameters have been developed. However, the estimation of the macroscopic parameters a priori still requires a numerical model and the knowledge of the full three-dimensional hydraulic architecture. The objective of this study is to provide analytical mathematical models to estimate the values of these parameters as a function of local plant general features, like the distance between laterals, the number of primaries or the ratio of radial to axial root conductances. Such functions would allow one to characterize the behaviour of a root system (as characterized by its macroscopic parameters) directly from averaged plant root traits, thereby opening new possibilities for developing quantitative ideotypes, by linking plant scale parameters to mean functional or structural properties. With its simple form, the proposed model offers the chance to perform sensitivity and optimization analyses as presented in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Meunier
- Earth and Life Institute-Environment, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - V Couvreur
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - X Draye
- Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - J Vanderborght
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Javaux
- Earth and Life Institute-Environment, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mat AM, Dunster GP, Sbragaglia V, Aguzzi J, de la Iglesia HO. Influence of temperature on daily locomotor activity in the crab Uca pugilator. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175403. [PMID: 28445533 PMCID: PMC5405956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals living in the intertidal zone are exposed to prominent temperature changes. To cope with the energetic demands of environmental thermal challenges, ectotherms rely mainly on behavioral responses, which may change depending on the time of the day and seasonally. Here, we analyze how temperature shapes crabs’ behavior at 2 different times of the year and show that a transition from constant cold (13.5°C) to constant warm (17.5°C) water temperature leads to increased locomotor activity levels throughout the day in fiddler crabs (Uca pugilator) collected during the summer. In contrast, the same transition in environmental temperature leads to a decrease in the amplitude of the daily locomotor activity rhythm in crabs collected during the winter. In other words, colder temperatures during the cold season favor a more prominent diurnal behavior. We interpret this winter-summer difference in the response of daily locomotor activity to temperature changes within the framework of the circadian thermoenergetics hypothesis, which predicts that a less favorable energetic balance would promote a more diurnal activity pattern. During the winter, when the energetic balance is likely less favorable, crabs would save energy by being more active during the expected high-temperature phase of the day—light phase—and less during the expected low-temperature phase of the day—dark phase. Our results suggest that endogenous rhythms in intertidal ectotherms generate adaptive behavioral programs to cope with thermoregulatory demands of the intertidal habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M. Mat
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AMM); (HOD)
| | - Gideon P. Dunster
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Jacopo Aguzzi
- Marine Science Institute, (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Horacio O. de la Iglesia
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AMM); (HOD)
| |
Collapse
|