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Shadrin N, Yakovenko V, Anufriieva E. Complexity of trophic relationships between Gammarus aequicauda (Amphipoda) and Eucypris mareotica ( Ostracoda) in a hypersaline lake. J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38634307 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In the hypersaline lakes of Crimea, only 5-7 species of animals are common including Gammarus aequicauda (Amphipoda) and Eucypris mareotica (Ostracoda). Two experiments were carried out to characterize the trophic interactions between these species. In one, G. aequicauda were used freshly caught from the lake, and in the other, after they were starved for 2.5 days in the laboratory. The experimental options were one male or female G. aequicauda and either 10, 20, or 30 ostracods. The gammarids actively fed on the ostracods, and significant differences were between females and males. The feeding intensity of males was higher than that of females. However, ostracods are not passive prey, they can actively attack their predator and are capable of causing them harm. Ostracods attacked a Gammarus only if it had captured one of the ostracods. Sex differences in G. aequicauda were also evident in the reaction to the group's aggressive behavior of ostracods. Interactions between Ostracoda and Gammarids cannot be considered unidirectional; they both may be prey or predators depending on the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolai Shadrin
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Vladimir Yakovenko
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Elena Anufriieva
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Sevastopol, Russia
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2
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Vences M, Anslan S, Sabino-Pinto J, Bonilla-Flores M, Echeverría-Galindo P, John U, Nass B, Pérez L, Preick M, Zhu L, Schwalb A. Dataset from RNAseq analysis of differential gene expression among developmental stages of two non-marine ostracodes. Data Brief 2024; 53:110070. [PMID: 38317728 PMCID: PMC10838692 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
We contribute transcriptomic data for two species of Ostracoda, an early-diverged group of small-sized pancrustaceans. Data include new reference transcriptomes for two asexual non-marine species (Dolerocypris sinensis and Heterocypris aff. salina), as well as single-specimen transcriptomic data that served to analyse gene expression across four developmental stages in D. sinensis. Data are evaluated by computing gene expression profiles of the different developmental stages which consistently placed eggs and small larvae (at the stage of instar A-8) similar to each other, and apart from adults which were distinct from all other developmental stages but closest to large larvae (instar A-4). We further evaluated the transcriptomic data with two newly sequenced low-coverage genomes of the target species. The new data thus document the feasibility of obtaining reliable transcriptomic data from single specimens - even eggs - of these small metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Vences
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sten Anslan
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Juhan Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Joana Sabino-Pinto
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mauricio Bonilla-Flores
- Institute of Geosystems and Bioindication, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Paula Echeverría-Galindo
- Institute of Geosystems and Bioindication, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Uwe John
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Benneth Nass
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Liseth Pérez
- Institute of Geosystems and Bioindication, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michaela Preick
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Liping Zhu
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Antje Schwalb
- Institute of Geosystems and Bioindication, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Hensley NM, Rivers TJ, Gerrish GA, Saha R, Oakley TH. Collective synchrony of mating signals modulated by ecological cues and social signals in bioluminescent sea fireflies. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20232311. [PMID: 38018106 PMCID: PMC10685132 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals often employ simple rules that can emergently synchronize behaviour. Some collective behaviours are intuitively beneficial, but others like mate signalling in leks occur across taxa despite theoretical individual costs. Whether disparate instances of synchronous signalling are similarly organized is unknown, largely due to challenges observing many individuals simultaneously. Recording field collectives and ex situ playback experiments, we describe principles of synchronous bioluminescent signals produced by marine ostracods (Crustacea; Luxorina) that seem behaviorally convergent with terrestrial fireflies, and with whom they last shared a common ancestor over 500 Mya. Like synchronous fireflies, groups of signalling males use visual cues (intensity and duration of light) to decide when to signal. Individual ostracods also modulate their signal based on the distance to nearest neighbours. During peak darkness, luminescent 'waves' of synchronous displays emerge and ripple across the sea floor approximately every 60 s, but such periodicity decays within and between nights after the full moon. Our data reveal these bioluminescent aggregations are sensitive to both ecological and social light sources. Because the function of collective signals is difficult to dissect, evolutionary convergence, like in the synchronous visual displays of diverse arthropods, provides natural replicates to understand the generalities that produce emergent group behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholai M. Hensley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620, USA
| | - Trevor J. Rivers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66405, USA
| | - Gretchen A. Gerrish
- Center for Limnology, Trout Lake Station, University of Wisconsin, Boulder Junction, Madison, WI 54512, USA
| | - Raj Saha
- Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME 04101, USA
| | - Todd H. Oakley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620, USA
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Konno T, Tsukagoshi A. Crayfish co-introduced symbiotic ostracod found on native crab in Japan: The first record of epibiont ostracod found a new host. Parasitol Int 2021; 86:102475. [PMID: 34610466 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ankylocythere sinuosa (Rioja, 1942), a symbiotic ostracod native to North America, was found from the Japanese mitten crab Eriocheir japonica (De Haan, 1835), a species native to Japan, collected from a pond in Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture, central Japan. Introduced North American crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852), which is a host of A. sinuosa in their native range, inhabits ponds sympatrically with Japanese mitten crabs, and it is thought that the ostracods transferred from the exotic crayfish to the native crabs. In recent years, along with the artificial transportation of crayfish around the world, their symbiotic ostracods also have been found on the body surfaces of exotic crayfish in Europe and Japan. However, no studies have confirmed the infestation of exotic ostracods on native crustaceans in the field. A wide range of developmental stages of A. sinuosa from juveniles to adults were found in Japanese mitten crabs, and mating individuals were also found. This strongly suggests that they can reproduce on the body surface of Japanese mitten crabs. In the future, it will be necessary to strengthen measures against alien species to prevent these exotic symbionts from infestating native ecosystems, and we also need to investigate the exact impact of this symbiont on Japanese mitten crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Konno
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Akira Tsukagoshi
- Department of Geoscience, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Shizuoka City 422-8529, Japan
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El-Kahawy R, El-Shafeiy M, Helal S, Aboul-Ela N, Abd El-Wahab M. Benthic ostracods (crustacean) as a nearshore pollution bio-monitor: examples from the Red Sea Coast of Egypt. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:31975-31993. [PMID: 33619625 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Benthic ostracods are deemed as one of the most useful micro-fauna for biomonitoring in shallow marine ecosystem, which are sensitive to environmental changes that can be reflected by their diversity and abundances. The pollution leads to high dominance index and low abundance ostracod communities. Therefore, eighteen sediment samples were collected from Ras Gharib and Quseir sites, along the Red Sea coast, to assess the ostracods response toward the anthropogenic environmental disturbances. Jugosocythereis borchersi, Alocopocythere reticulata, and Loxocorniculum ghardaqensis are the most abundant ostracods in the study localities. To evaluate the linkage between ostracods and contaminated sediments, metal concentrations in the sediments were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical-emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). We observed a significant spatial difference in elemental distribution in sediment samples, and some elements are of higher contributions than the average marine sediment composition. The quantitative analysis of benthic ostracod associations was processed statistically with geochemical data and differentiated the study area into two environments, based on the degrees of contamination. Quseir is encompassing the most contaminated stations. It is characterized by sediments richer in heavy metals, higher silt, and higher organic matter contents. Contaminated environments favor the presence of pollution-tolerant species (e.g., J. borchersi, C. torosa, L. ghardaqensis, G. triebeli, M. striata, A. reticulata, and partly, C. dimorpha). Conversely, Ras Gharib is less polluted with metals and organic matter, and is characterized by pollution-sensitive species (X. rhomboidea). Noteworthy, a low density of ostracods was observed at the expense of the diversity around contaminated stations of the Quseir site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan El-Kahawy
- Geology department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moataz El-Shafeiy
- Geology department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sobhi Helal
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Nabil Aboul-Ela
- Geology department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Abd El-Wahab
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Hurghada branch, Hurghada, Egypt
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6
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Hensley NM, Ellis EA, Leung NY, Coupart J, Mikhailovsky A, Taketa DA, Tessler M, Gruber DF, De Tomaso AW, Mitani Y, Rivers TJ, Gerrish GA, Torres E, Oakley TH. Selection, drift, and constraint in cypridinid luciferases and the diversification of bioluminescent signals in sea fireflies. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1864-1879. [PMID: 33031624 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic causes of evolutionary diversification is challenging because differences across species are complex, often involving many genes. However, cases where single or few genetic loci affect a trait that varies dramatically across a radiation of species provide tractable opportunities to understand the genetics of diversification. Here, we begin to explore how diversification of bioluminescent signals across species of cypridinid ostracods ("sea fireflies") was influenced by evolution of a single gene, cypridinid-luciferase. In addition to emission spectra ("colour") of bioluminescence from 21 cypridinid species, we report 13 new c-luciferase genes from de novo transcriptomes, including in vitro assays to confirm function of four of those genes. Our comparative analyses suggest some amino acid sites in c-luciferase evolved under episodic diversifying selection and may be associated with changes in both enzyme kinetics and colour, two enzymatic functions that directly impact the phenotype of bioluminescent signals. The analyses also suggest multiple other amino acid positions in c-luciferase evolved neutrally or under purifying selection, and may have impacted the variation of colour of bioluminescent signals across genera. Previous mutagenesis studies at candidate sites show epistatic interactions, which could constrain the evolution of c-luciferase function. This work provides important steps toward understanding the genetic basis of diversification of behavioural signals across multiple species, suggesting different evolutionary processes act at different times during a radiation of species. These results set the stage for additional mutagenesis studies that could explicitly link selection, drift, and constraint to the evolution of phenotypic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholai M Hensley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Emily A Ellis
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Y Leung
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - John Coupart
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Mikhailovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Daryl A Taketa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Michael Tessler
- American Museum of Natural History and New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, St. Francis College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - David F Gruber
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, City University of New York Baruch College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony W De Tomaso
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Yasuo Mitani
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan
| | - Trevor J Rivers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Gretchen A Gerrish
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Torres
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Todd H Oakley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Martins MJF, Hunt G, Thompson CM, Lockwood R, Swaddle JP, Puckett TM. Shifts in sexual dimorphism across a mass extinction in ostracods: implications for sexual selection as a factor in extinction risk. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200730. [PMID: 32811315 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection often favours investment in expensive sexual traits that help individuals compete for mates. In a rapidly changing environment, however, allocation of resources to traits related to reproduction at the expense of those related to survival may elevate extinction risk. Empirical testing of this hypothesis in the fossil record, where extinction can be directly documented, is largely lacking. The rich fossil record of cytheroid ostracods offers a unique study system in this context: the male shell is systematically more elongate than that of females, and thus the sexes can be distinguished, even in fossils. Using mixture models to identify sex clusters from size and shape variables derived from the digitized valve outlines of adult ostracods, we estimated sexual dimorphism in ostracod species before and after the Cretaceous/Palaeogene mass extinction in the United States Coastal Plain. Across this boundary, we document a substantial shift in sexual dimorphism, driven largely by a pronounced decline in the taxa with dimorphism indicating both very high and very low male investment. The shift away from high male investment, which arises largely from evolutionary changes within genera that persist through the extinction, parallels extinction selectivity previously documented during the Late Cretaceous under a background extinction regime. Our results suggest that sexual selection and the allocation of resources towards survival versus reproduction may be an important factor for species extinction during both background and mass extinctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gene Hunt
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carmi Milagros Thompson
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rowan Lockwood
- Department of Geology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - John P Swaddle
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - T Markham Puckett
- School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
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César Dos Santos Lima J, Gazonato Neto AJ, de Pádua Andrade D, Freitas EC, Moreira RA, Miguel M, Daam MA, Rocha O. Acute toxicity of four metals to three tropical aquatic invertebrates: The dragonfly Tramea cophysa and the ostracods Chlamydotheca sp. and Strandesia trispinosa. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 180:535-541. [PMID: 31128551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The relatively low availability of toxicity data for indigenous tropical species has often been discussed. In addition, several taxonomic groups of invertebrates are understudied, such as dragonflies and ostracods. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the acute toxicity of four metals (cadmium - Cd, copper - Cu, manganese - Mn, and mercury - Hg) to the tropical dragonfly nymphs of Tramea cophysa and two tropical ostracod species (Chlamydotheca sp. and Strandesia trispinosa). Toxicity data for other invertebrates were also mined to allow comparing the sensitivity of the three test species with that of other (temperate and tropical) invertebrates. The order of metal sensitivity was different for the three test species: T. cophysa: Cu > CdHg > Mn, Chlamydotheca sp.: Cd > Cu > Hg > Mn, and S. trispinosa: Cd > Hg > Cu > Mn. However, manganese was the least toxic metal tested for all three species, which is hypothesized to be due to a possible metal transfer to the cuticle of the moulting test species. The sensitivity ranking of the three test species to the metals was S. trispinosa > Chlamydotheca sp.>T. cophysa (except for Cu for which the ranking was Chlamydotheca sp.>T. cophysa > S. trispinosa). Overall, the test species are concluded to be suitable test organisms for tropical toxicity evaluations. Future studies should also evaluate the chronic toxicity and include other important metal exposure routes such as sediment and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio César Dos Santos Lima
- Post-Graduate Program of Sciences of Environmental Engineering, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Antonio José Gazonato Neto
- Post-Graduate Program of Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Douglas de Pádua Andrade
- Post-Graduate Program of Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Cristina Freitas
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Mariana Miguel
- Post-Graduate Program of Sciences of Environmental Engineering, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Michiel Adriaan Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Odete Rocha
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Biological Sciences and Health Center, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Mioduchowska M, Czyż MJ, Gołdyn B, Kilikowska A, Namiotko T, Pinceel T, Łaciak M, Sell J. Detection of bacterial endosymbionts in freshwater crustaceans: the applicability of non-degenerate primers to amplify the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6039. [PMID: 30581663 PMCID: PMC6296333 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endosymbionts of aquatic invertebrates remain poorly studied. This is at least partly due to a lack of suitable techniques and primers for their identification. We designed a pair of non-degenerate primers which enabled us to amplify a fragment of ca. 500 bp of the 16S rRNA gene from various known bacterial endosymbiont species. By using this approach, we identified four bacterial endosymbionts, two endoparasites and one uncultured bacterium in seven, taxonomically diverse, freshwater crustacean hosts from temporary waters across a wide geographical area. The overall efficiency of our new WOLBSL and WOLBSR primers for amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was 100%. However, if different bacterial species from one sample were amplified simultaneously, sequences were illegible, despite a good quality of PCR products. Therefore, we suggest using our primers at the first stage of bacterial endosymbiont identification. Subsequently, genus specific primers are recommended. Overall, in the era of next-generation sequencing our method can be used as a first simple and low-cost approach to identify potential microbial symbionts associated with freshwater crustaceans using simple Sanger sequencing. The potential to detected bacterial symbionts in various invertebrate hosts in such a way will facilitate studies on host-symbiont interactions and coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mioduchowska
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Jan Czyż
- Research Centre of Quarantine, Invasive and Genetically Modified Organisms, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Gołdyn
- Department of General Zoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adrianna Kilikowska
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Namiotko
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tom Pinceel
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Małgorzata Łaciak
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Nature Conservation, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sell
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Siveter DJ, Briggs DEG, Siveter DJ, Sutton MD. A well-preserved respiratory system in a Silurian ostracod. Biol Lett 2018; 14:rsbl.2018.0464. [PMID: 30404865 PMCID: PMC6283931 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ostracod crustaceans are diverse and ubiquitous in aqueous environments today but relatively few known species have gills. Ostracods are the most abundant fossil arthropods but examples of soft-part preservation, especially of gills, are exceptionally rare. A new ostracod, Spiricopia aurita (Myodocopa), from the marine Silurian Herefordshire Lagerstätte (430 Mya), UK, preserves appendages, lateral eyes and gills. The respiratory system includes five pairs of gill lamellae with hypobranchial and epibranchial canals that conveyed haemolymph. A heart and associated vessels had likely evolved in ostracods by the Mid-Silurian.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Siveter
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Derek E G Briggs
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, and Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, PO Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA
| | - Derek J Siveter
- Earth Collections, University Museum of Natural History, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK.,Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Mark D Sutton
- Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, UK
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Xiang P, Wang Y, Chen R, Zhao L, Wang C, Lin M. A bathypelagic ostracod Conchoecissa nigromaculatus sp. nov. (Myodocopa, Halocyprididae) from the South China Sea. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5557. [PMID: 30210944 PMCID: PMC6130238 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelagic ostracods are one of the main groups of zooplankton and are abundant in marine ecosystems worldwide. The record of marine planktonic ostracod species in the central and southern part of the South China Sea accounts over for one-third of the total recorded marine planktonic ostracods in seas around China. In this study, we examined and compared the specimens from a recent cruise in this region that appeared to be different from previously described species of genus Conchoecissa, and then confirmed them as a new bathypelagic species Conchoecissa nigromaculatus. These specimens clearly differed from the other species of genus Conchoecissa with differences observed in the size, carapace, locations of glands, mandible, maxilla, sixth limb, and furca. In this species, mandibular coxal endite has no ventral finger process, maxilla has prominently large endites and has only two claws on the tip, the sixth limb has very simple endites, and this species has distinctive features not previously observed in the tribe Conchoeciini before. It is therefore necessary to emend the diagnosis of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, China
| | - Ruixiang Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, China
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunguang Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Irizuki T, Hirose K, Ueda Y, Fujihara Y, Ishiga H, Seto K. Ecological shifts due to anthropogenic activities in the coastal seas of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, since the 20th century. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 127:637-653. [PMID: 29475707 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiproxy analyses were conducted using sediment cores in a low-polluted coastal site (Hiuchi-nada) in the Seto Inland Sea (SIS), Japan. Heavy metal and organic pollution peaked in the 1960s and the bottom environments have ameliorated since the 1980s due to several environmental regulations. First ecological shifts in meiobenthic ostracodes and diatoms occurred in the 1960s due to the initiation of eutrophication. Then, a second ecological shift occurred in the 1980s due to the amelioration of the water and the bottom quality. A compilation of similar analytical results in the coastal seas of the SIS reveals three types of ecological and environmental history since the 20th century. The environmental improvement since the 1980s affects the ecosystems, in particular, in a low-polluted bay. However, ecological compositions are different from those prior to the 1960s, suggesting that the ecosystem was not recovered but changed into the next stage in the SIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Irizuki
- Department of Geoscience, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Hirose
- Department of Earth Sciences, Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yukari Ueda
- Department of Geoscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujihara
- Department of Geoscience, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishiga
- Department of Geoscience, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Koji Seto
- Estuary Research Center, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
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13
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Xiang P, Ye Y, Chen X, Chen R, Lin M. Euphilomedes biacutidens ( Ostracoda, Myodocopida, Philomedidae), a new species from China Sea. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3488. [PMID: 28652938 PMCID: PMC5483046 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ostracods are one of the major groups of marine benthos, inhabiting virtually all oceanic environments worldwide, and a total of 31 species have been recorded in genus EuphilomedesKornicker, 1967. In the present study, we describe a new species Euphilomedes biacutidens collected from the Taiwan Strait and South China Sea. E. biacutidens sp. nov. differs from the related species of the genus Euphilomedes in having a unique combination of the characteristics of spines on carapace, the filaments on sensory seta, the arrangement of setae on tip of the first antenna, the numbers of setae on appendages, the claws on fifth limb, the teeth on the comb of the seventh limb and furcal claws. It is particularly obvious that it has a bifurcated and pointed ventral corner of the rostrum, two spines on the posterior margin of right valve, a row of teeth along the inner margin of article 3 of the endopod of the second antenna, and some long claws instead of setae on the fifth limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youyin Ye
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoyin Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, China
| | - Ruixiang Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Xiang P, Chen X, Chen R, Lin J, Wang Y, Ye Y, Lin M. Two new benthic Euphilomedes Kornicker, 1967 ( Ostracoda, Myodocopida, Philomedidae) from the Taiwan Strait (East China Sea). PeerJ 2017; 5:e3146. [PMID: 28396825 PMCID: PMC5385131 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ostracods are small bivalved crustaceans widely distributed in aquatic environments and in total 99 species have been recorded in genus EuphilomedesKornicker, 1967. In this study, we further describe two new species of benthic ostracods in this genus, Euphilomedes liuruiyii sp. nov. and Euphilomedes pentacanthos sp. nov., collected from the Taiwan Strait in China. These two species can be easily distinguished from their congeners by some crucial morphological characteristics, including the carapace shape, the numbers of main and secondary furcal claws, and their arrangement of furcal claws. In addition the first antenna, endopod of second antenna, frontal organ, mandible and the seventh limb also differentiate these two species from related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Ocean Administration , Xiamen , China
| | - Xiaoyin Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Ocean Administration , Xiamen , China
| | - Ruixiang Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Ocean Administration , Xiamen , China
| | - Jinghong Lin
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Ocean Administration , Xiamen , China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Ocean Administration , Xiamen , China
| | - Youyin Ye
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Ocean Administration , Xiamen , China
| | - Mao Lin
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Ocean Administration, Xiamen, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Smith RJ, Matzke-Karasz R, Kamiya T. Sperm length variations in five species of cypridoidean non-marine ostracods (Crustacea). Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:483-497. [PMID: 27449928 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spermatozoa of the ostracod superfamily Cypridoidea include some of the longest in the animal kingdom, but unlike other so-called giant spermatozoa, they are aflagellate, probably evolved only once, and represent an exceptionally old trait. Sperm length variations within cypridoidean species remain poorly known, a lack that hinders the development of hypotheses to explain their length and variation. For this study, the lengths of 500 spermatozoa from each of five species of freshwater cypridoidean ostracods, Candonopsis tenuis (Brady, 1886), Fabaeformiscandona subacuta (Yang, 1982), Heterocypris rotundata (Bronshtein, 1928), Ilyocypris japonica Okubo, 1990, and Notodromas trulla Smith and Kamiya, 2014, were measured, including the lengths of the posterior and anterior regions. No overall pattern in sperm variation was discernible. Length variations between species, between males of the same species, and within individual males varied from low (Candonopsis tenuis) to extraordinarily large (Notodromas trulla and Fabaeformiscandona subacuta). Sperm competition, cryptic female choice, sperm heteromorphism, and testis size are unlikely to explain all of the variations observed. Age structures of the populations sampled might play a role in explaining some intraspecific variation. The differing amounts of variation in sperm characters revealed in this study suggest that multiple evolutionary trends and pressures shape sperm lengths in this superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Smith
- Lake Biwa Museum, Oroshimo 1091, Kusatsu, Shiga Prefecture, 525-0001, Japan.
| | - Renate Matzke-Karasz
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and GeoBio-Center LMU, 80333, Munich, Germany.
| | - Takahiro Kamiya
- College of Science and Engineering, School of Natural System, University of Kanazawa, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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Hiruta SF, Kobayashi N, Katoh T, Kajihara H. Molecular Phylogeny of Cypridoid Freshwater Ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda), Inferred from 18S and 28S rDNA Sequences. Zoolog Sci 2016; 33:179-85. [PMID: 27032683 DOI: 10.2108/zs150103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of exploring phylogenetic relationships within Cypridoidea, the most species-rich superfamily among the podocopidan ostracods, we sequenced nearly the entire 18S rRNA gene (18S) and part of the 28S rRNA gene (28S) for 22 species in the order Podocopida, with representatives from all the major cypridoid families. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using the methods of maximum likelihood, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analysis. Our analyses showed monophyly for Cyprididae, one of the four families currently recognized in Cypridoidea. Candonidae turned out to be paraphyletic, and included three clades corresponding to the subfamilies Candoninae, Paracypridinae, and Cyclocypridinae. We propose restricting the name Candonidae s. str. to comprise what is now Candoninae, and raising Paracypridinae and Cyclocyprininae to family rank within the superfamily Cypridoidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei F Hiruta
- 1 Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | | | - Toru Katoh
- 1 Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajihara
- 1 Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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17
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Schön I, Martens K. Ostracod ( Ostracoda, Crustacea) genomics - Promises and challenges. Mar Genomics 2016; 29:19-25. [PMID: 27020380 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ostracods are well-suited model organisms for evolutionary research. Classic genetic techniques have mostly been used for phylogenetic studies on Ostracoda and were somewhat affected by the lack of large numbers of suitable markers. Genomic methods with their huge potential have so far rarely been applied to this group of crustaceans. We provide relevant examples of genomic studies on other organisms to propose future avenues of genomic ostracod research. At the same time, we suggest solutions to the potential problems in ostracods that the application of genomic techniques might present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Schön
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, OD Nature, ATECO, Freshwater Biology, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; University of Hasselt, Research Group Zoology, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Koen Martens
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, OD Nature, ATECO, Freshwater Biology, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; University of Ghent, Department of Biology, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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18
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Hiruta SF, Hiruta SI. Description of a species of Fabaeformiscandona ( Ostracoda, Crustacea) from Kushiro Marsh, Hokkaido, Japan, with the nearly complete mitochondrial genomic sequence. Biodivers Data J 2016:e7074. [PMID: 26751633 PMCID: PMC4698455 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.3.e7074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background So far, 16 species of non-marine ostracods have been reported from Kushiro Marsh, Kushiro Shitsugen National Park, eastern Hokkaido, Japan (Hiruta and Smith 2001, Smith and Hiruta 2004). Nine of these species are in Candonidae, the second-most diverse family of non-marine ostracods. This family contains ca. 550 species, or around 25% of the total number of non-marine ostracod species (Martens et al. 2008). New information We sampled ostracods in Kushiro Marsh on 27 December 2012 and identified an undescribed species in the family Candonidae, herein described as Fabaeformiscandonakushiroensis sp. nov. This species belongs to the F.acuminata species group and is characterized by the shapes of the elongate, dorsally directed medial and outer lobes on the distal end of each hemipenis. We also determined for this species the sequence of the nearly complete mitochondrial genome, the first record from the order Podocopa. The genome (ca. 17 kbp) contains two ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA, and 13 protein-coding genes, as also found in other arthropods for which the mitochondrial genome has been sequenced. The gene arrangement is similar to the pancrustacean ground pattern, except that in the control region there is an approximately 2 kbp tandem repeat region composed of 220-bp motif sequences. We describe the genetic features of the mitochondrial genome, including nucleotide composition and the secondary structures of tRNAs and rRNAs, and compare them with the genome of Vargulahilgendorfii (Myodocopa, Ostracoda).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shin-Ichi Hiruta
- Department of Biology, Hokkaido University of Education, Kushiro Campus, Kushiro, Japan
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19
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Irizuki T, Ito H, Sako M, Yoshioka K, Kawano S, Nomura R, Tanaka Y. Anthropogenic impacts on meiobenthic Ostracoda (Crustacea) in the moderately polluted Kasado Bay, Seto Inland Sea, Japan, over the past 70 years. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 91:149-159. [PMID: 25537748 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two sediment cores were obtained from Kasado Bay, a moderate-polluted enclosed bay in Japan, to examine anthropogenic impacts on Ostracoda over the past ca. 70 years. We analyzed ostracode abundance and diversity, grain size, and CHN, and used (210)Pb and (137)Cs as the dating method. The present study showed that cross-plot comparisons of ostracode abundance and each environmental factor, based on sediment core data, could be used to identify ostracode species as indicators for anthropogenic influences. Ostracode abundance reflected mainly the changes that had occurred in total organic carbon content in sediments related to eutrophication, but heavy metal concentration did not directly influence several ostracode abundance in the bay. Environmental deterioration because of eutrophication started in the 1960s. The regulations regarding the chemical oxygen demand in waters introduced in the 1980s probably influence ostracode abundance for certain species in this period. Currently, Kasado Bay is not experiencing severe degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Irizuki
- Department of Geoscience, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan.
| | - Hisayo Ito
- Department of Geoscience, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Megumi Sako
- Department of Geoscience, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yoshioka
- Department of Geoscience, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kawano
- Tochigi Prefectural Museum, 2-2 Mutsumi-cho, Utsunomiya 320-0865, Japan
| | - Ritsuo Nomura
- Faculty of Education, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tanaka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan
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20
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Aguilar-Alberola JA, Mesquita-Joanes F. Breaking the temperature-size rule: thermal effects on growth, development and fecundity of a crustacean from temporary waters. J Therm Biol 2014; 42:15-24. [PMID: 24802144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The temperature-size rule (TSR) is a well-established phenomenon to describe the growth response of ectotherms to temperature by which individuals maintained at low temperatures grow more slowly, but attain a larger size upon maturity. Although there are adaptive and non-adaptive theories about the plasticity of body size in response to temperature, these cannot be applied to all ectotherms, and little is known about the changes in growth and development rates through ontogeny. The ostracod species Heterocypris bosniaca, an inhabitant of freshwater temporary ponds, was used to examine the growth and development rates of its nine growth stages and female fecundity at four different temperatures (15°C, 20°C, 25°C and 30°C). The development rate of this species accelerates with increasing temperature, reaching a maximum value at 25°C. The growth factor has a reverse-TSR in younger instars, and the typical TSR is followed only in the last two moults, resulting in non-monotonic response of adult size to temperature. Fecundity (total offspring per female) was not directly related to adult size and was generally higher at lower temperatures. Our results agree with recent research showing that the TSR may vary during ontogeny, and may not be a general trend in ostracod species from temporary waters. Indeed, adult carapace size seems to follow the pattern of a thermal reaction norm, probably influenced by the reduction of oxygen bioavailability at low temperature and the drastic increase in metabolic demand at the upper extreme of the thermal gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep A Aguilar-Alberola
- Department of Microbiology & Ecology, University of València, Avenue Dr. Moliner, 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Francesc Mesquita-Joanes
- Department of Microbiology & Ecology, University of València, Avenue Dr. Moliner, 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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21
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Tanaka G. Evolution of antennules of cytheroidean ostracods (Crustacea). Arthropod Struct Dev 2013; 42:395-405. [PMID: 23608532 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analysis and fossil records indicate that antennules with whip-like setae are the most plesiomorphic state in cytheroidean ostracods and that antennulae with claw-like setae are derived from antennulae with whip-like setae. Character distributions on the 18S rDNA molecular phylogenetic tree suggest that two phenotypic features of cytheroidean antennules (W/L ratio and claw-like/whip-like setae) have morphological plasticity. These features have evolved as an ethological adaptation rather than due to phylogenetic constraints such as the evolution of shell outline in cytheroideans. However, the species of the Leptocytheridae-Trachyleberididae clade generally have stout, robust antennules, indicating a phylogenetic constraint. The character state of setae (claw/whip) in cytheroidean ostracods is reflected more through their ethology than the W/L ratio of the antennules. On the basis of the present analysis and the fossil record, diversification in the morphology of the antennules seems to have occurred during the early Mesozoic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengo Tanaka
- BioGeos, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan.
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22
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Gross M, Ramos MI, Caporaletti M, Piller WE. Ostracods (Crustacea) and their palaeoenvironmental implication for the Solimões Formation (Late Miocene; Western Amazonia/Brazil). J South Am Earth Sci 2013; 42:216-241. [PMID: 26523090 PMCID: PMC4599595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Western Amazonia's landscape and biota were shaped by an enormous wetland during the Miocene epoch. Among the most discussed topics of this ecosystem range the question on the transitory influx of marine waters. Inter alia the occurrence of typically brackish water associated ostracods is repeatedly consulted to infer elevated salinities or even marine ingressions. The taxonomical investigation of ostracod faunas derived from the upper part of the Solimões Formation (Eirunepé; W-Brazil) documents a moderately diverse assemblage (19 species). A wealth of freshwater ostracods (mainly Cytheridella, Penthesilenula) was found co-occurring with taxa (chiefly Cyprideis) usually related to marginal marine settings today. The observed faunal compositions as well as constantly very light δ18O- and δ13C-values obtained by measuring both, the freshwater and brackish water ostracod group, refer to entirely freshwater conditions. These results corroborate with previous sedimentological and palaeontological observations, which proposed a fluvial depositional system for this part of western Amazonia during the Late Miocene. We demonstrate that some endemic, "brackish" water ostracods (i.e., Cyprideis) have been effectively adapted to freshwater conditions. Thus, their occurrence is no univocal evidence for the influence of brackish or marine waters in western Amazonia during the Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gross
- Department for Geology and Palaeontology, Universalmuseum Joanneum, Weinzöttlstrasse 16, 8045 Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Ines Ramos
- Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Avenida Perimetral, s/n Terra Firme, Belém-PA 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Marco Caporaletti
- Institute for Earth Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University, Heinrichstrasse 26, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Werner E. Piller
- Institute for Earth Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University, Heinrichstrasse 26, 8010 Graz, Austria
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23
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Kern A, Harzhauser M, Piller W, Mandic O, Soliman A. Strong evidence for the influence of solar cycles on a Late Miocene lake system revealed by biotic and abiotic proxies. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 2012; 329-330:124-136. [PMID: 23564975 PMCID: PMC3617729 DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Late Miocene paleogeography of central Europe and its climatic history are well studied with a resolution of c. 106 years. Small-scale climatic variations are yet unresolved. Observing past climatic change of short periods, however, would encourage the understanding of the modern climatic system. Therefore, past climate archives require a resolution on a decadal to millennial scale. To detect such a short-term evolution, a continuous 6-m-core of the Paleo-Lake Pannon was analyzed in 1-cm-sample distance to provide information as precise and regular as possible. Measurements of the natural gamma radiation and magnetic susceptibility combined with the total abundance of ostracod shells were used as proxies to estimate millennial- to centennial scale environmental changes during the mid-Tortonian warm period. Patterns emerged, but no indisputable age model can be provided for the core, due to the lack of paleomagnetic reversals and the lack of minerals suitable for absolute dating. Therefore, herein we propose another method to determine a hypothetic time frame for these deposits. Based on statistical processes, including Lomb-Scargle and REDFIT periodograms along with Wavelet spectra, several distinct cyclicities could be detected. Calculations considering established off-shore sedimentation rates of the Tortonian Vienna Basin revealed patterns resembling Holocene solar-cycle-records well. The comparison of filtered data of Miocene and Holocene records displays highly similar patterns and comparable modulations. A best-fit adjustment of sedimentation rate results in signals which fit to the lower and upper Gleissberg cycle, the de Vries cycle, the unnamed 500-year- and 1000-year-cycles, as well as the Hallstatt cycle. Each of these cycles has a distinct and unique expression in the investigated environmental proxies, reflecting a complex forcing-system. Hence, a single-proxy-analysis, as often performed on Holocene records, should be considered cautiously as it might fail to capture the full range of solar cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.K. Kern
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Geological-Paleontological Department, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Harzhauser
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Geological-Paleontological Department, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - W.E. Piller
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Graz University, Heinrichstrasse 26, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - O. Mandic
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Geological-Paleontological Department, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - A. Soliman
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Graz University, Heinrichstrasse 26, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Tanta University, Faculty of Sciences, Geology Department, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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