101
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Mokhtari K, Ducray F, Kros JM, Gorlia T, Idbaih A, Taphoorn M, Wesseling P, Hoang-Xuan K, Van den Bent M, Sanson M. Alpha-internexin expression predicts outcome in anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors and may positively impact the efficacy of chemotherapy: European organization for research and treatment of cancer trial 26951. Cancer 2011; 117:3014-26. [PMID: 21246521 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it has been demonstrated that the neuronal intermediate filament alpha-internexin (INA) is closely related to 1p19q codeletion in gliomas, its prognostic and predictive value has not yet been confirmed in a prospective trial. The authors of this report assessed the prognostic significance of INA expression and its correlation with relevant clinical and molecular characteristics in the prospective, randomized European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) 26951 trial of adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) in patients with anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors (AOTs). METHODS INA immunohistochemistry expression in tumors from 92 patients who were included in the EORTC 26951 trial was analyzed independently by 2 observers and was correlated with relevant clinical characteristics, including progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and with molecular features, including 1p/19q codeletion, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 gene (IDH1/IDH2) mutation, and O-6 methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status. RESULTS INA expression was observed in 33 tumors and was strongly correlated with 1p/19q codeletion, IDH1 mutations, and MGMT promoter methylation. It was associated with significantly better PFS and OS independent of the treatment received. By using Cox proportional hazard modeling for OS with stepwise selection, INA expression, patient age, and performance status were identified as independent prognostic factors. The results indicated that INA expression may have an impact on the efficacy of combined radiotherapy plus PCV. CONCLUSIONS In a homogeneously treated group of patients with grade III AOTs, INA expression had strong favorable prognostic significance for OS and may have predictive value for sensitivity to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Mokhtari
- Mixed Research Unit, UMR 975, INSERM, National Institute of Health and Medical Research-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Pitie-Salpetriere Group Hospital, Paris, France
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102
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Ducray F, Mokhtari K, Crinière E, Idbaih A, Marie Y, Dehais C, Paris S, Carpentier C, Dieme MJ, Adam C, Hoang-Xuan K, Duyckaerts C, Delattre JY, Sanson M. Diagnostic and prognostic value of alpha internexin expression in a series of 409 gliomas. Eur J Cancer 2010; 47:802-8. [PMID: 21194923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal intermediate filament alpha internexin (INA) is expressed in most gliomas with 1p19q codeletion and could represent a valuable prognostic marker in clinical routine. INA expression was analysed on 409 gliomas and correlated with histology, progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), genomic profile assessed by CGH-array, IDH1/IDH2 mutation and p53 expression. INA was expressed in 59% of grade II oligodendrogliomas (n=73), 45% of grade III oligodendrogliomas (n=133), 15% of grade II oligoastrocytomas (n=61), 12% of grade III oligoastrocytomas (n=41), 23% of glioblastomas with oligodendroglial component (n=31), 0% of grade I astrocytomas (n=3), 0% of grade II astrocytomas (n=14), 6% of grade III astrocytomas (n=17) and 0% of glioblastomas (n=36). INA expression was detected in 85% of gliomas with complete 1p19q codeletion ('true 1p19q signature') (n=85) versus 15% of gliomas without 1p19q codeletion (n=245), including 14% of gliomas with variable/partial 1p19q deletion ('false 1p19q signature') (n=72) (p<0.0001). INA was expressed by 43% of gliomas with IDH1 mutation (n=197) versus 12% of gliomas without IDH1 mutation (n=156) (p<0.0001). In oligodendroglial gliomas (n=240), INA expression specificity for 1p19q codeletion was 80%, sensitivity 85%, positive predictive value 70%, and negative predictive value was 91%. Combining INA and p53 expressions improved INA predictive accuracy for 1p19q codeletion. In grade III gliomas, INA expression was associated with longer PFS (42.1 versus 10.2 months, p=0.0007) and longer OS (124.6 versus 20.6 months, p=0.0001). In conclusion, INA expression is a fast, cheap and reliable prognostic marker, and represents a surrogate marker for 1p19q complete codeletion.
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103
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Persson AI, Petritsch C, Swartling FJ, Itsara M, Sim FJ, Auvergne R, Goldenberg DD, Vandenberg SR, Nguyen KN, Yakovenko S, Ayers-Ringler J, Nishiyama A, Stallcup WB, Berger MS, Bergers G, McKnight TR, Goldman SA, Weiss WA. Non-stem cell origin for oligodendroglioma. Cancer Cell 2010; 18:669-82. [PMID: 21156288 PMCID: PMC3031116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Malignant astrocytic brain tumors are among the most lethal cancers. Quiescent and therapy-resistant neural stem cell (NSC)-like cells in astrocytomas are likely to contribute to poor outcome. Malignant oligodendroglial brain tumors, in contrast, are therapy sensitive. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and detailed developmental analyses, we demonstrated that murine oligodendroglioma cells show characteristics of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and are therapy sensitive, and that OPC rather than NSC markers enriched for tumor formation. MRI of human oligodendroglioma also suggested a white matter (WM) origin, with markers for OPCs rather than NSCs similarly enriching for tumor formation. Our results suggest that oligodendroglioma cells show hallmarks of OPCs, and that a progenitor rather than a NSC origin underlies improved prognosis in patients with this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders I. Persson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Petritsch
- Department of Neurological surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fredrik J. Swartling
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Itsara
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fraser J. Sim
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Romane Auvergne
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Kim N. Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stanislava Yakovenko
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Ayers-Ringler
- Department of Neurological surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - William B. Stallcup
- Burnham Institute for Medical Research, Cancer Research Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mitchel S. Berger
- Department of Neurological surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Department of Neurological surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tracy R. McKnight
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steve A. Goldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - William A. Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Correspondence: , Fax: 415-476-0133, Phone: 415-502-1694
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104
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Laffaire J, Everhard S, Idbaih A, Crinière E, Marie Y, de Reyniès A, Schiappa R, Mokhtari K, Hoang-Xuan K, Sanson M, Delattre JY, Thillet J, Ducray F. Methylation profiling identifies 2 groups of gliomas according to their tumorigenesis. Neuro Oncol 2010; 13:84-98. [PMID: 20926426 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive genomic and gene expression studies have been performed in gliomas, but the epigenetic alterations that characterize different subtypes of gliomas remain largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the methylation patterns of 807 genes (1536 CpGs) in a series of 33 low-grade gliomas (LGGs), 36 glioblastomas (GBMs), 8 paired initial and recurrent gliomas, and 9 controls. This analysis was performed with Illumina's Golden Gate Bead methylation arrays and was correlated with clinical, histological, genomic, gene expression, and genotyping data, including IDH1 mutations. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering resulted in 2 groups of gliomas: a group corresponding to de novo GBMs and a group consisting of LGGs, recurrent anaplastic gliomas, and secondary GBMs. When compared with de novo GBMs and controls, this latter group was characterized by a very high frequency of IDH1 mutations and by a hypermethylated profile similar to the recently described glioma CpG island methylator phenotype. MGMT methylation was more frequent in this group. Among the LGG cluster, 1p19q codeleted LGG displayed a distinct methylation profile. A study of paired initial and recurrent gliomas demonstrated that methylation profiles were remarkably stable across glioma evolution, even during anaplastic transformation, suggesting that epigenetic alterations occur early during gliomagenesis. Using the Cancer Genome Atlas data set, we demonstrated that GBM samples that had an LGG-like hypermethylated profile had a high rate of IDH1 mutations and a better outcome. Finally, we identified several hypermethylated and downregulated genes that may be associated with LGG and GBM oncogenesis, LGG oncogenesis, 1p19q codeleted LGG oncogenesis, and GBM oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Laffaire
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière (CRICM) UMR-S975, 75013 Paris, France.
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105
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Arai Y, Honda S, Haruta M, Kasai F, Fujiwara Y, Ohshima J, Sasaki F, Nakagawara A, Horie H, Yamaoka H, Hiyama E, Kaneko Y. Genome-wide analysis of allelic imbalances reveals 4q deletions as a poor prognostic factor and MDM4 amplification at 1q32.1 in hepatoblastoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2010; 49:596-609. [PMID: 20461752 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In a single-nucleotide polymorphism array-based analysis of 56 hepatoblastoma (HB) tumors, allelic imbalances were detected in 37 tumors (66%). Chromosome gains were found in 1q (28 tumors), 2q (24), 6p (8), 8q (8), 17q (6), and 20pq (10), and losses in 1p (6), 4q (9), and 16q (4). Fine mapping delineated the shortest overlapping region (SOR) of gains at 1q32.1 (1.3 Mb) and 2q24.2-q24.3 (4.8 Mb), and losses at 4q34.3-q35.2 (8.7 Mb) and 4q32.3 (1.6 Mb). Uniparental disomy of 11pter-11p15.4 (IGF2) and loss of 11pter-p14.1 were found in 11 and 2 tumors, respectively. Expression of HTATIP2 (11p15.1) was absent in 9 of 20 tumors. Amplification was identified in four tumors at 1q32.1, where the candidate oncogene MDM4 is located. In the 4q32.3-SRO, ANXA10S, a variant of the candidate tumor suppressor ANXA10, showed no expression in 19 of 24 tumors. Sequence analysis of ANXA10S identified a missense mutation (E36K, c.106G>A) in a HB cell line. Multivariate analysis revealed that both 4q deletion and RASSF1A methylation (relative risks: 4.21 and 7.55, respectively) are independent prognostic factors. Our results indicate that allelic imbalances and gene expression patterns provide possible diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets in a subset of HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Arai
- Cancer Genomics Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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106
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Ducray F, de Reyniès A, Chinot O, Idbaih A, Figarella-Branger D, Colin C, Karayan-Tapon L, Chneiweiss H, Wager M, Vallette F, Marie Y, Rickman D, Thomas E, Delattre JY, Honnorat J, Sanson M, Berger F. An ANOCEF genomic and transcriptomic microarray study of the response to radiotherapy or to alkylating first-line chemotherapy in glioblastoma patients. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:234. [PMID: 20822523 PMCID: PMC2944185 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular characteristics associated with the response to treatment in glioblastomas (GBMs) remain largely unknown. We performed a retrospective study to assess the genomic characteristics associated with the response of GBMs to either first-line chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The gene expression (n = 56) and genomic profiles (n = 67) of responders and non-responders to first-line chemotherapy or radiation therapy alone were compared on Affymetrix Plus 2 gene expression arrays and BAC CGH arrays. RESULTS According to Verhaak et al.'s classification system, mesenchymal GBMs were more likely to respond to radiotherapy than to first-line chemotherapy, whereas classical GBMs were more likely to respond to first-line chemotherapy than to radiotherapy. In patients treated with radiation therapy alone, the response was associated with differential expression of microenvironment-associated genes; the expression of hypoxia-related genes was associated with short-term progression-free survival (< 5 months), whereas the expression of immune genes was associated with prolonged progression-free survival (> 10 months). Consistently, infiltration of the tumor by both CD3 and CD68 cells was significantly more frequent in responders to radiotherapy than in non-responders. In patients treated with first-line chemotherapy, the expression of stem-cell genes was associated with resistance to chemotherapy, and there was a significant association between response to treatment and p16 locus deletions. Consistently, in an independent data set of patients treated with either radiotherapy alone or with both radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, we found that patients with the p16 deletion benefited from adjuvant chemotherapy regardless of their MGMT promoter methylation status, whereas in patients without the p16 deletion, this benefit was only observed in patients with a methylated MGMT promoter. CONCLUSION Differential expression of microenvironment genes and p16 locus deletion are associated with responses to radiation therapy and to first-line chemotherapy, respectively, in GBM. Recently identified transcriptomic subgroups of GBMs seem to respond differently to radiotherapy and to first-line chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Ducray
- INSERM, U842, Lyon, F-69372 France; Université Lyon 1, UMR-S842 Lyon, F-69003 France
- Hôpital de la Salpêtrière (APHP), INSERM U711 and Université P&M Curie, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Chinot
- Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité de Neuro-Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Timone, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Hôpital de la Salpêtrière (APHP), INSERM U711 and Université P&M Curie, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- « Equipe Angiogenèse, Invasivité et Microenvironnement tumoral » Faculté Médecine Timone, Université de la Mediterrannée UMR911 CRO2, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, hôpital de la Timone, Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Carole Colin
- « Equipe Angiogenèse, Invasivité et Microenvironnement tumoral » Faculté Médecine Timone, Université de la Mediterrannée UMR911 CRO2, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, hôpital de la Timone, Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Lucie Karayan-Tapon
- Université de Poitiers, EA3805, CHU de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Hervé Chneiweiss
- UMR 894 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Michel Wager
- Université de Poitiers, EA3805, CHU de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - François Vallette
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Centre INSERM U892, Université de Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu 44035 Nantes cedex 01 France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Yannick Marie
- Hôpital de la Salpêtrière (APHP), INSERM U711 and Université P&M Curie, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - David Rickman
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Thomas
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Delattre
- Hôpital de la Salpêtrière (APHP), INSERM U711 and Université P&M Curie, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Jérôme Honnorat
- INSERM, U842, Lyon, F-69372 France; Université Lyon 1, UMR-S842 Lyon, F-69003 France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Marc Sanson
- Hôpital de la Salpêtrière (APHP), INSERM U711 and Université P&M Curie, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - François Berger
- Inserm U836, Grenoble Institut de Neurosciences, Unité Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
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107
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Whole-genomic survey of oligodendroglial tumors: correlation between allelic imbalances and gene expression profiles. J Neurooncol 2010; 103:71-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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108
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Rostomily RC, Born DE, Beyer RP, Jin J, Alvord EC, Mikheev AM, Matthews RT, Pan C, Khorasani L, Sonnen JA, Montine TJ, Shi M, Zhang J. Quantitative proteomic analysis of oligodendrogliomas with and without 1p/19q deletion. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:2610-8. [PMID: 20337498 DOI: 10.1021/pr100054v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 50-80% of oligodendrogliomas demonstrate a combined loss of chromosome 1p and 19q. Chromosome 1p/19q deletion, appearing early in tumorigenesis, is associated with improved clinical outcomes, including response to chemotherapy and radiation. Although many hypotheses have been proposed, the molecular mechanisms underlying improved clinical outcomes with 1p/19q deletion in oligodendrogliomas have not been characterized fully. To investigate the molecular differences between oligodendrogliomas, we employed an unbiased proteomic approach using microcapillary liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, along with a quantitative technique called isotope-coded affinity tags, on patient samples of grade II oligodendrogliomas. Following conventional biochemical separation of pooled tumor tissue from five samples of undeleted and 1p/19q deleted grade II oligodendrogliomas into nuclei-, mitochondria-, and cytosol-enriched fractions, relative changes in protein abundance were quantified. Among the 442 total proteins identified, 163 nonredundant proteins displayed significant changes in relative abundance in at least one of the three fractions between oligodendroglioma with and without 1p/19q deletion. Bioinformatic analyses of differentially regulated proteins supported the potential importance of metabolism and invasion/migration to the codeleted phenotype. A subset of altered proteins, including the pro-invasive extracellular matrix protein BCAN, was further validated by Western blotting as candidate markers for the more aggressive undeleted phenotype. These studies demonstrate the utility of proteomic analysis to identify candidate biological motifs and molecular mechanisms that drive differential malignancy related to 1p19q phenotypes. Future analysis of larger patient samples are warranted to further refine biomarker panels to predict biological behavior and assist in the identification of deleted gene products that define the 1p/19q phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Rostomily
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195-6470, USA.
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109
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Jansen M, Yip S, Louis DN. Molecular pathology in adult gliomas: diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9:717-26. [PMID: 20610347 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, there has been an increasing use of molecular markers in the assessment and management of adult malignant gliomas. Some molecular signatures are used diagnostically to help pathologists classify tumours, whereas others are used to estimate prognosis for patients. Most crucial, however, are those markers that are used to predict response to certain therapies, thereby directing clinicians to a particular treatment while avoiding other potentially deleterious therapies. Recently, large-scale genome-wide surveys have been used to identify new biomarkers that have been rapidly developed as diagnostic and prognostic tools. Given these developments, the pace of discovery of new molecular assays will quicken to facilitate personalised medicine in the setting of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jansen
- Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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110
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Perry A, Burton SS, Fuller GN, Robinson CA, Palmer CA, Resch L, Bigio EH, Gujrati M, Rosenblum MK. Oligodendroglial neoplasms with ganglioglioma-like maturation: a diagnostic pitfall. Acta Neuropathol 2010; 120:237-52. [PMID: 20464403 PMCID: PMC2892612 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-010-0695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although oligodendroglial neoplasms are traditionally considered purely glial, increasing evidence suggests that they are capable of neuronal or neurocytic differentiation. Nevertheless, ganglioglioma-like foci (GGLF) have not been previously described. Herein, we report seven examples where the primary differential diagnosis was a ganglioglioma with an oligodendroglial component. These five male and two female patients ranged in age from 29 to 63 (median 44) years at initial presentation and neuroimaging features were those of diffuse gliomas in general. At presentation, the glial component was oligodendroglioma in six and oligoastrocytoma in one; one was low-grade and six were anaplastic. A sharp demarcation from adjacent GGLF was common, although some intermingling was always present. The GGLF included enlarged dysmorphic and occasionally binucleate ganglion cells, Nissl substance, expression of neuronal antigens, GFAP-positive astrocytic elements, and low Ki-67 labeling indices. In contrast to classic ganglioglioma, however, cases lacked eosinophilic granular bodies and CD34-positive tumor cells. Scattered bizarre astrocytes were also common and one case had focal neurocytic differentiation. By FISH analysis, five cases showed 1p/19q codeletion. In the four cases with deletions and ample dysmorphic ganglion cells for analysis, the deletions were found in both components. At last follow-up, two patients suffered recurrences, one developed radiation necrosis mimicking recurrence, and one died of disease 7.5 years after initial surgery. We conclude that GGLF represents yet another form of neuronal differentiation in oligodendroglial neoplasms. Recognition of this pattern will prevent a misdiagnosis of ganglioglioma with its potential for under-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Perry
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.
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YKL-40-A Protein in the Field of Translational Medicine: A Role as a Biomarker in Cancer Patients? Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:1453-91. [PMID: 24281168 PMCID: PMC3837317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2031453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
YKL-40 is a 40 kDa glycoprotein produced by cancer cells, inflammatory cells and stem cells. It probably has a role in cell proliferation and differentiation, inflammation, protection against apoptosis, stimulation of angiogenesis, and regulation of extracellular tissue remodelling. Plasma levels of YKL-40 are often elevated in patients with localized or advanced cancer compared to age-matched healthy subjects. Several studies have demonstrated that high plasma YKL-40 is an independent prognostic biomarker of short survival in patients with different types of cancer. However, there is not yet sufficient data to support determination of plasma YKL-40 outside research projects as a biomarker for screening of gastrointestinal cancer and determination of treatment response and poor prognosis before or during treatment and follow-up. Plasma YKL-40 is also elevated in patients with other diseases than cancer, e.g., severe infections, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive lung disease, asthma, liver fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Co-morbidity should therefore always be considered in patients with cancer, since other sources than cancer cells can increase plasma YKL-40 levels. Future focused translational research projects combining basic and clinical research are needed in a joint effort to answer questions of the complex function and regulation of YKL-40 and the question if plasma YKL-40 is a clinical useful biomarker in patients with cancer.
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Noushmehr H, Weisenberger DJ, Diefes K, Phillips HS, Pujara K, Berman BP, Pan F, Pelloski CE, Sulman EP, Bhat KP, Verhaak RG, Hoadley KA, Hayes DN, Perou CM, Schmidt HK, Ding L, Wilson RK, Van Den Berg D, Shen H, Bengtsson H, Neuvial P, Cope LM, Buckley J, Herman JG, Baylin SB, Laird PW, Aldape K. Identification of a CpG island methylator phenotype that defines a distinct subgroup of glioma. Cancer Cell 2010; 17:510-22. [PMID: 20399149 PMCID: PMC2872684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1759] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have profiled promoter DNA methylation alterations in 272 glioblastoma tumors in the context of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We found that a distinct subset of samples displays concerted hypermethylation at a large number of loci, indicating the existence of a glioma-CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP). We validated G-CIMP in a set of non-TCGA glioblastomas and low-grade gliomas. G-CIMP tumors belong to the proneural subgroup, are more prevalent among lower-grade gliomas, display distinct copy-number alterations, and are tightly associated with IDH1 somatic mutations. Patients with G-CIMP tumors are younger at the time of diagnosis and experience significantly improved outcome. These findings identify G-CIMP as a distinct subset of human gliomas on molecular and clinical grounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houtan Noushmehr
- USC Epigenome Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033 USA
| | | | - Kristin Diefes
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heidi S. Phillips
- Department of Tumor Biology and Angiogenesis, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Kanan Pujara
- Department of Tumor Biology and Angiogenesis, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Benjamin P. Berman
- USC Epigenome Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033 USA
| | - Fei Pan
- USC Epigenome Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033 USA
| | - Christopher E. Pelloski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erik P. Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krishna P. Bhat
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roel G.W. Verhaak
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Katherine A. Hoadley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - D. Neil Hayes
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Charles M. Perou
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Heather K. Schmidt
- The Genome Center at Washington University, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Li Ding
- The Genome Center at Washington University, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Richard K. Wilson
- The Genome Center at Washington University, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- USC Epigenome Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033 USA
| | - Hui Shen
- USC Epigenome Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033 USA
| | - Henrik Bengtsson
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Pierre Neuvial
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Leslie M. Cope
- Department on Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Jonathan Buckley
- USC Epigenome Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033 USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - James G. Herman
- Department on Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Stephen B. Baylin
- Department on Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Peter W. Laird
- USC Epigenome Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033 USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. , FAX: (323) 442-7880
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Labussiere M, Wang XW, Idbaih A, Ducray F, Sanson M. Prognostic markers in gliomas. Future Oncol 2010; 6:733-9. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extensive molecular studies have identified diagnostic and prognostic markers in gliomas that reinforce the WHO histological classification. 1p19q codeletion, O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) status, and mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1/IDH2) are currently the three most pertinent markers in diffuse gliomas. Ongoing clinical trials already stratify or select patients according to their 1p19q codeletion or MGMT status. Mutations of IDH1 have been recently identified as a major prognostic factor in diffuse gliomas. Future studies should determine whether IDH1/IDH2 mutations are predictive of response to treatments. Routine use of these markers considerably contributes to a more objective classification of gliomas based on both histological and molecular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Labussiere
- Pierre et Marie Curie University (Paris 6), Centre de Recherche de l’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière (CRICM) UMR-S975, Paris, France
- National Institute of Health & Medical Research (INSERM), U 975, Paris, France
- National Center for Scientific Research, UMR 7225, Paris France
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Pierre et Marie Curie University (Paris 6), Centre de Recherche de l’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière (CRICM) UMR-S975, Paris, France
- National Institute of Health & Medical Research (INSERM), U 975, Paris, France
- National Center for Scientific Research, UMR 7225, Paris France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Pierre et Marie Curie University (Paris 6), Centre de Recherche de l’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière (CRICM) UMR-S975, Paris, France
- National Institute of Health & Medical Research (INSERM), U 975, Paris, France
- National Center for Scientific Research, UMR 7225, Paris France
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - François Ducray
- Hôpital Neurologique, Service de Neurologie B, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69394 Lyon Cedex, France
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Park AL, Lin HK, Yang Q, Sing CW, Fan M, Mapstone TB, Gross NL, Gumerlock MK, Martin MD, Rabb CH, Fung KM. Differential expression of type 2 3α/type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C3) in tumors of the central nervous system. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2010; 3:743-754. [PMID: 21151387 PMCID: PMC2993224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Human aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1C3, type 2 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSC)/ type 5 17β-HSD, is known to be involved in steroids, prostaglandins, and lipid aldehydes metabolism. The expression of AKR1C3 has been demonstrated in hormone-dependent normal tissues such as breast, endometrium, prostate, and testis; and de -regulated AKR1C3 expression has been shown in breast carcinoma, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma, and prostate carcinoma. AKR1C3 expression has also been demonstrated in hormone-independent normal tissues (renal tubules and urothelium) and neoplastic tissues (renal cell carcinoma, Wilm's tumor, and urothelial cell carcinoma). Extensive expression of AKR1C3 in normal and neoplastic as well as hormone-dependent and hormone-independent tissues indicates that AKR1C3 may have functions beyond steroid hormone metabolism. In this report, we describe a widespread expression of AKR1C3 in glial neoplasms and meningiomas, with limited expression in medulloblastoma and no expression in Schwannoma. These tumors, except meningioma, are not classically considered to be sex hormone-dependent or related brain tumors. The current results corroborate our earlier observations that AKR1C3 is expressed in both sex hormone-dependent and hormone-independent malignancies. Similar to AKR1C3 distribution in Wilm's tumor, we also demonstrate that expression of AKR1C3 is reduced in tumors with embryonic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey L Park
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Hsueh-Kung Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
- Oklahoma City Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Chor Wing Sing
- Molecular Biotechnology Program, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Michael Fan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers UniversityPiscataway, NJ, 08854
| | - Timothy B Mapstone
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Naina L Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Mary K Gumerlock
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Michael D Martin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Craig H Rabb
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
- Oklahoma City Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
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Abstract
A better understanding of gliomas biology is now leading to a combined histo-molecular classification of these tumors. In anaplastic gliomas ongoing studies depend on 1p/19q codeletion status and in glioblastomas on MGMT methylation status. Advanced brain tumor imaging elicits a better identification of gliomas evolutive potential of. In low-grade gliomas, the importance of maximal resection and the role of chemotherapy are being increasingly recognized. In anaplastic gliomas, phase III studies have clarified the respective roles of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In glioblastomas concomitant chemoradiotherapy is the standard. Most targeted therapies, namely anti-EGFR therapies have failed to demonstrate efficacy but anti-angiogenics are promising. The aim of this review is to discuss the main advances in adults' gliomas biology, imaging and treatment.
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116
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent studies on diagnostic and prognostic markers in gliomas such as the BRAF fusion gene in pilocytic astrocytomas and 1p/19q codeletion, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase status and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1)/IDH2 mutations in diffuse gliomas. RECENT FINDINGS In pilocytic astrocytomas, the BRAF fusion gene has been recently identified as a specific and frequent event leading to potentially targetable mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation. In grade II/III gliomas and in glioblastomas, chromosome 1p/19q codeletion and O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase status remain the most important prognostic and predictive markers. Recently identified mutations in IDH1/IDH2, however, are specific for diffuse gliomas, occur frequently in grade II/III gliomas and are of prognostic value in grade III gliomas, as well in glioblastomas in which they characterize secondary glioblastomas. SUMMARY Extensive molecular studies have enabled the discovery of new diagnostic and prognostic markers that are refining the histomolecular classification of gliomas.
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117
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Johansen JS, Schultz NA, Jensen BV. Plasma YKL-40: a potential new cancer biomarker? Future Oncol 2009; 5:1065-82. [PMID: 19792974 DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
YKL-40, a 40-kDa secreted glycoprotein, with its gene located on chromosome 1q32.1, is produced by cancer cells and inflammatory cells and has a role in inflammation, cell proliferation, differentiation, protection against apoptosis, stimulation of angiogenesis and regulation of extracellular tissue remodeling. Plasma levels of YKL-40 are elevated in a subgroup of patients with primary or advanced cancer compared with age-matched healthy subjects, but also in patients with many different diseases characterized by inflammation. Elevated plasma YKL-40 levels are an independent prognostic biomarker of short survival. There is still insufficient evidence to support its value outside of clinical trials as a screening tool, prognosticator of survival, predictor of treatment response and as a monitoring tool in the routine management of individual patients with cancer or diseases characterized by inflammation. Large prospective, longitudinal clinical cancer studies are needed to determine if plasma YKL-40 is a new cancer biomarker, or is mainly a biomarker of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Johansen
- Department of Medicine O, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.
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118
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Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGGs) represent a heterogenous group of tumors and account for most primary brain tumors. Despite aggressive therapies, they are invariably associated with poor patient outcome. These tumors include the anaplastic (World Health Organization [WHO] grade III) histologies of astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas and the WHO grade IV glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The recent elucidation of the fundamental molecular alterations associated with these tumors has begun to unravel the critical events in their tumorigenesis but for the most part has done little to alter patient survival. Prognostication for patients with these tumors has relied principally on tumor grade and clinical factors (age, performance status, and so on) and has been inexact at best in identifying those with long-term survival potential. An even greater challenge has been to identify predictive biomarkers of therapy in the hope of tailoring a patient's therapy based on their tumor's molecular characteristics. This review discusses the molecular pathology of high-grade gliomas, with particular emphasis on anaplastic astrocytomas and GBMs because these represent the most common forms of malignant gliomas. It also focuses on the molecular signatures defined by large-scale gene expression profiling experiments because these studies are at the forefront in developing new biomarkers and identifying new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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119
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Galectin 1 proangiogenic and promigratory effects in the Hs683 oligodendroglioma model are partly mediated through the control of BEX2 expression. Neoplasia 2009; 11:485-96. [PMID: 19412433 DOI: 10.1593/neo.81526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that galectin 1 (Gal-1) plays important biological roles in astroglial as well as in oligodendroglial cancer cells. As an oligodendroglioma model, we make use of the Hs683 cell line that has been previously extensively characterized at cell biology, molecular biology, and genetic levels. Galectin 1 has been shown to be involved in Hs683 oligodendroglioma chemoresistance, neoangiogenesis, and migration. Down-regulating Gal-1 expression in Hs683 cells through targeted small interfering RNA provokes a marked decrease in the expression of the brain-expressed X-linked gene: BEX2. Accordingly, the potential role of BEX2 in Hs683 oligodendroglioma cell biology has been investigated. The data presented here reveal that decreasing BEX2 expression in Hs683 cells increases the survival of Hs683 orthotopic xenograft-bearing mice. Furthermore, this decrease in BEX2 expression impairs vasculogenic mimicry channel formation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo, and modulates glioma cell adhesion and invasive features through the modification of several genes previously reported to play a role in cancer cell migration, including MAP2, plexin C1, SWAP70, and integrin beta(6). We thus conclude that BEX2 is implicated in oligodendroglioma biology.
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120
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Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Rubenstein JLR. Chromosome 8p as a potential hub for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders: implications for schizophrenia, autism and cancer. Mol Psychiatry 2009; 14:563-89. [PMID: 19204725 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2009.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Defects in genetic and developmental processes are thought to contribute susceptibility to autism and schizophrenia. Presumably, owing to etiological complexity identifying susceptibility genes and abnormalities in the development has been difficult. However, the importance of genes within chromosomal 8p region for neuropsychiatric disorders and cancer is well established. There are 484 annotated genes located on 8p; many are most likely oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Molecular genetics and developmental studies have identified 21 genes in this region (ADRA1A, ARHGEF10, CHRNA2, CHRNA6, CHRNB3, DKK4, DPYSL2, EGR3, FGF17, FGF20, FGFR1, FZD3, LDL, NAT2, NEF3, NRG1, PCM1, PLAT, PPP3CC, SFRP1 and VMAT1/SLC18A1) that are most likely to contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, autism, bipolar disorder and depression), neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease) and cancer. Furthermore, at least seven nonprotein-coding RNAs (microRNAs) are located at 8p. Structural variants on 8p, such as copy number variants, microdeletions or microduplications, might also contribute to autism, schizophrenia and other human diseases including cancer. In this review, we consider the current state of evidence from cytogenetic, linkage, association, gene expression and endophenotyping studies for the role of these 8p genes in neuropsychiatric disease. We also describe how a mutation in an 8p gene (Fgf17) results in a mouse with deficits in specific components of social behavior and a reduction in its dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. We finish by discussing the biological connections of 8p with respect to neuropsychiatric disorders and cancer, despite the shortcomings of this evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, CIBER-SAM, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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122
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Kapoor GS, Gocke TA, Chawla S, Whitmore RG, Nabavizadeh A, Krejza J, Lopinto J, Plaum J, Maloney-Wilensky E, Poptani H, Melhem ER, Judy KD, O’Rourke DM. Magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging defines angiogenic subtypes of oligodendroglioma according to 1p19q and EGFR status. J Neurooncol 2009; 92:373-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-009-9880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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123
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Ducray F, Crinière E, Idbaih A, Mokhtari K, Marie Y, Paris S, Navarro S, Laigle-Donadey F, Dehais C, Thillet J, Hoang-Xuan K, Delattre JY, Sanson M. alpha-Internexin expression identifies 1p19q codeleted gliomas. Neurology 2009; 72:156-61. [PMID: 19139367 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000339055.64476.cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND alpha-Internexin (INA) is a proneural gene encoding a neurofilament interacting protein that is upregulated in some gliomas, particularly oligodendrogliomas. METHODS INA expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a series of 122 gliomas, and correlated to the 1p19q codeletion, a favorable prognostic marker of oligodendroglial tumors. RESULTS INA expression was strong (>10% positive cells) in 22 cases (22 oligodendroglial tumors and 0 astrocytic tumors), weak (<10% cells) in 14 cases (12 oligodendroglial tumors, 2 glioblastoma with an oligodendroglial component, and 0 astrocytic tumors), and negative in 86 cases (49 oligodendroglial tumors, 9 glioblastoma with an oligodendroglial component, and 28 astrocytic tumors). Among the 27 tumors exhibiting the 1p19q codeletion (all with an oligodendroglial phenotype), INA was detected in 96% (26/27, 18 strong, 8 weak) as compared to 11% (10/95, 4 strong, 6 weak) in the tumors without 1p19q codeletion (with an oligodendroglial or an astrocytic phenotype) (p < 0.001). In oligodendroglial tumors, INA expression specificity for 1p19q codeletion was 86%, sensitivity 96%, positive predictive value 76%, and negative predictive value was 98%. The prognostic impact of INA expression could be evaluated in grade III oligodendroglial tumors. Similar to 1p19q deletion, positive INA expression was correlated with better progression-free survival (52.6 vs 8.7 months [p = 0.001]) and overall survival (121.1 vs 31.4 months [p = 0.0001]). CONCLUSION alpha-Internexin (INA) expression appears to be a simple, reliable prognostic marker and a surrogate marker of 1p19q codeletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ducray
- Unité INSERM U711, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Paris VI, France
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124
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Abstract
Today, treatment recommendations for patients with all types of gliomas are based on light microscopic evaluation of tumor tissue with no allowance for genetic variability. Oligodendrogliomas are treated in a uniform manner with, as yet, no unique therapeutic approach or targeted therapy for those harboring a codeletion of chromosomes 1p and 19q. Surgical resection and radiotherapy are the standards-of-care for patients with oligodendrogliomas. Surgery improves symptoms, especially headache or seizures, and radiotherapy controls tumor growth for most patients. By extrapolation from randomized trials of glioblastoma, radiotherapy likely prolongs survival. Uncertainties persist about the timing of radiotherapy in the management of patients with low-grade oligodendrogliomas, but a superior antitumor treatment has yet to emerge. That said, the recognition that oligodendrogliomas with 1p/19q loss are sensitive to current therapies and slowly growing is already influencing our management of patients with this type of glioma, spawning trials in which patients are selected by molecular signature.
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125
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Tumeurs oligodendrogliales anaplasiques. ONCOLOGIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10269-008-1036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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126
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Abstract
Oligodendroglial tumors continue to receive much attention because of their relative sensitivity to chemotherapy. The histological diagnosis of oligodendroglial tumors is subject to considerable interobserver variation. The revised 2007 World Health Organization classification of brain tumors no longer accepts the diagnosis "mixed anaplastic oligoastrocytoma" if necrosis is present; these tumors should be considered glioblastomas (perhaps with oligodendroglial features). The 1p/19q codeletion that is associated with sensitivity to chemotherapy is mediated by an unbalanced translocation of 19p to 1q. Randomized studies have shown that patients with 1p/19q codeleted tumors also have a better outcome with radiotherapy. Histologically more atypical tumors are less likely to have this 1p/19q codeletion; here, other alterations usually associated with astrocytic tumors are often found. Some patients with tumors with classic histological features but no 1p/19q codeletion still have a very favorable prognosis. Currently, the best approach for newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors is unclear. Early adjuvant chemotherapy does not provide a better outcome than chemotherapy at the time of progression. The value of combined chemoirradiation with temozolomide has not been proven in these tumors, and could at least theoretically be associated with greater neurotoxicity. Tumors with 1p and 19q loss can also be managed with early chemotherapy, while deferring radiotherapy to the time of further progression. The presently available second-line chemotherapy results are modest, and better salvage treatments are necessary. The molecular explanation for the greater sensitivity of 1p/19q codeleted tumors is still unclear, and this could, in part, be explained by more frequent MGMT promoter gene methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacolien E C Bromberg
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center/Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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127
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Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Despite the implementation of therapeutic strategies, these tumors remain fatal. The recent advances in the field of stem cell biology, cell signaling, genomics, bio-informatics and genetic model systems have led to a better understanding of gliomas biology. These advances are facilitating the establishment of a more precise, molecular-based, classification of gliomas and are leading to new therapeutic strategies directed against the key molecular events implicated in gliomas oncogenesis.
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128
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Rodriguez FJ, Mota RA, Scheithauer BW, Giannini C, Blair H, New KC, Wu KJ, Dickson DW, Jenkins RB. Interphase cytogenetics for 1p19q and t(1;19)(q10;p10) may distinguish prognostically relevant subgroups in extraventricular neurocytoma. Brain Pathol 2008; 19:623-9. [PMID: 18710393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-deletion of chromosome arms 1p and 19q, characteristic of oligodendroglial tumors, was recently found to be mediated by t(1;19)(q10;p10). To evaluate the prevalence of 1p19q co-deletion and t(1;19) in extraventricular neurocytomas (EVN), we studied tumors from 23 patients, including 13 females and 10 males (median age at diagnosis 34 years, range 2-76 years). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies were performed with probes targeting 1p36/1q25 and 19q13/19p13 to assess for 1p19q co-deletion, as well as chromosome 1 alpha-satellite and 19p12 to detect t(1;19)(q10;p10). FISH was successful in 21 (91%) cases and demonstrated 1p19q co-deletion in five cases (24%) or isolated 1p loss in two cases (10%). Evidence for t(1;19) was found in four (of five) cases with 1p19q co-deletion. Three tumors with 1p19q loss and t(1;19) demonstrated atypical histologic features, compared with one (of 17) tumors without 1p19q co-deletion (P = 0.01, Fisher exact test). In addition, tumors with t(1;19) showed increased mitotic activity compared with tumors without t(1;19) (P = 0.045; Wilcoxon rank sum test). The four patients with t(1;19) developed tumor recurrence (n = 3), or expired (n = 2) 3.5 to 5.5 years after first resection. These results suggest that 1p19q loss and t(1;19) occur in a subset of EVN, and may be associated with aggressive histology in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto J Rodriguez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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