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Hill RA, Nishiyama A, Hughes EG. Features, Fates, and Functions of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041425. [PMID: 38052500 PMCID: PMC10910408 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a central nervous system resident population of glia with a distinct molecular identity and an ever-increasing list of functions. OPCs generate oligodendrocytes throughout development and across the life span in most regions of the brain and spinal cord. This process involves a complex coordination of molecular checkpoints and biophysical cues from the environment that initiate the differentiation and integration of new oligodendrocytes that synthesize myelin sheaths on axons. Outside of their progenitor role, OPCs have been proposed to play other functions including the modulation of axonal and synaptic development and the participation in bidirectional signaling with neurons and other glia. Here, we review OPC identity and known functions and discuss recent findings implying other roles for these glial cells in brain physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Ethan G Hughes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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T, Tamori Y, Tamura R, Tamura Y, Tan CHH, Tan EZZ, Tanabe A, Tanabe K, Tanaka A, Tanaka A, Tanaka N, Tang S, Tang Z, Tanigaki K, Tarlac M, Tatsuzawa A, Tay JF, Tay LL, Taylor J, Taylor K, Taylor K, Te A, Tenbusch L, Teng KS, Terakawa A, Terry J, Tham ZD, Tholl S, Thomas G, Thong KM, Tietjen D, Timadjer A, Tindall H, Tipper S, Tobin K, Toda N, Tokuyama A, Tolibas M, Tomita A, Tomita T, Tomlinson J, Tonks L, Topf J, Topping S, Torp A, Torres A, Totaro F, Toth P, Toyonaga Y, Tripodi F, Trivedi K, Tropman E, Tschope D, Tse J, Tsuji K, Tsunekawa S, Tsunoda R, Tucky B, Tufail S, Tuffaha A, Turan E, Turner H, Turner J, Turner M, Tuttle KR, Tye YL, Tyler A, Tyler J, Uchi H, Uchida H, Uchida T, Uchida T, Udagawa T, Ueda S, Ueda Y, Ueki K, Ugni S, Ugwu E, Umeno R, Unekawa C, Uozumi K, Urquia K, Valleteau A, Valletta C, van Erp R, Vanhoy C, Varad V, Varma R, Varughese A, Vasquez P, Vasseur A, Veelken R, Velagapudi C, Verdel K, Vettoretti S, Vezzoli G, Vielhauer V, Viera R, Vilar E, Villaruel S, Vinall L, Vinathan J, Visnjic M, Voigt E, von-Eynatten M, Vourvou M, Wada J, Wada J, Wada T, Wada Y, Wakayama K, Wakita Y, Wallendszus K, Walters T, Wan Mohamad WH, Wang L, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wanner C, Wanninayake S, Watada H, Watanabe K, Watanabe K, Watanabe M, Waterfall H, Watkins D, Watson S, Weaving L, Weber B, Webley Y, Webster A, Webster M, Weetman M, Wei W, Weihprecht H, Weiland L, Weinmann-Menke J, Weinreich T, Wendt R, Weng Y, Whalen M, Whalley G, Wheatley R, Wheeler A, Wheeler J, Whelton P, White K, Whitmore B, Whittaker S, Wiebel J, Wiley J, Wilkinson L, Willett M, Williams A, Williams E, Williams K, Williams T, Wilson A, Wilson P, Wincott L, Wines E, Winkelmann B, Winkler M, Winter-Goodwin B, Witczak J, Wittes J, Wittmann M, Wolf G, Wolf L, Wolfling R, Wong C, Wong E, Wong HS, Wong LW, Wong YH, Wonnacott A, Wood A, Wood L, Woodhouse H, Wooding N, Woodman A, Wren K, Wu J, Wu P, Xia S, Xiao H, Xiao X, Xie Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Xue H, Yahaya H, Yalamanchili H, Yamada A, Yamada N, Yamagata K, Yamaguchi M, Yamaji Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka A, Yamano T, Yamanouchi Y, Yamasaki N, Yamasaki Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamashita C, Yamauchi T, Yan Q, Yanagisawa E, Yang F, Yang L, Yano S, Yao S, Yao Y, Yarlagadda S, Yasuda Y, Yiu V, Yokoyama T, Yoshida S, Yoshidome E, Yoshikawa H, Young A, Young T, Yousif V, Yu H, Yu Y, Yuasa K, Yusof N, Zalunardo N, Zander B, Zani R, Zappulo F, Zayed M, Zemann B, Zettergren P, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Zhou N, Zhou S, Zhu D, Zhu L, Zhu S, Zietz M, Zippo M, Zirino F, Zulkipli FH. Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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de Blank P, Nishiyama A, López-Juárez A. A new era for myelin research in Neurofibromatosis type 1. Glia 2023; 71:2701-2719. [PMID: 37382486 PMCID: PMC10592420 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for myelin regulating higher-order brain function and disease is rapidly accumulating; however, defining cellular/molecular mechanisms remains challenging partially due to the dynamic brain physiology involving deep changes during development, aging, and in response to learning and disease. Furthermore, as the etiology of most neurological conditions remains obscure, most research models focus on mimicking symptoms, which limits understanding of their molecular onset and progression. Studying diseases caused by single gene mutations represents an opportunity to understand brain dys/function, including those regulated by myelin. Here, we discuss known and potential repercussions of abnormal central myelin on the neuropathophysiology of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). Most patients with this monogenic disease present with neurological symptoms diverse in kind, severity, and onset/decline, including learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, motor coordination issues, and increased risk for depression and dementia. Coincidentally, most NF1 patients show diverse white matter/myelin abnormalities. Although myelin-behavior links were proposed decades ago, no solid data can prove or refute this idea yet. A recent upsurge in myelin biology understanding and research/therapeutic tools provides opportunities to address this debate. As precision medicine moves forward, an integrative understanding of all cell types disrupted in neurological conditions becomes a priority. Hence, this review aims to serve as a bridge between fundamental cellular/molecular myelin biology and clinical research in NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter de Blank
- Department of Pediatrics, The Cure Starts Now Brain Tumor Center, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alejandro López-Juárez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
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Fekete CD, Horning RZ, Doron MS, Nishiyama A. Cleavage of VAMP2/3 Affects Oligodendrocyte Lineage Development in the Developing Mouse Spinal Cord. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6592-6608. [PMID: 37620160 PMCID: PMC10538588 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2206-21.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the developing and adult CNS, new oligodendrocytes (OLs) are generated from a population of cells known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). As they begin to differentiate, OPCs undergo a series of highly regulated changes to morphology, gene expression, and membrane organization. This stage represents a critical bottleneck in oligodendrogliogenesis, and the regulatory program that guides it is still not fully understood. Here, we show that in vivo toxin-mediated cleavage of the vesicle associated SNARE proteins VAMP2/3 in the OL lineage of both male and female mice impairs the ability of early OLs to mature into functional, myelinating OLs. In the developing mouse spinal cord, many VAMP2/3-cleaved OLs appeared to stall in the premyelinating, early OL stage, resulting in an overall loss of both myelin density and OL number. The Src kinase Fyn, a key regulator of oligodendrogliogenesis and myelination, is highly expressed among premyelinating OLs, but its expression decreases as OLs mature. We found that OLs with cleaved VAMP2/3 in the spinal cord white matter showed significantly higher expression of Fyn compared with neighboring control cells, potentially because of an extended premyelinating stage. Overall, our results show that functional VAMP2/3 in OL lineage cells is essential for proper myelin formation and plays a major role in controlling the maturation and terminal differentiation of premyelinating OLs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The production of mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) is essential for CNS myelination during development, myelin remodeling in adulthood, and remyelination following injury or in demyelinating disease. Before myelin sheath formation, newly formed OLs undergo a series of highly regulated changes during a stage of their development known as the premyelinating, or early OL stage. This stage acts as a critical checkpoint in OL development, and much is still unknown about the dynamic regulatory processes involved. In this study, we show that VAMP2/3, SNARE proteins involved in vesicular trafficking and secretion play an essential role in regulating premyelinating OL development and are required for healthy myelination in the developing mouse spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Fekete
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Robert Z Horning
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Matan S Doron
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
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Katori T, Kunishige S, Baba M, Nakayama N, Ishimoto T, Nishiyama A, Yamasaki S, Misono M. Electronic, vibrational, and rotational analysis of 1,2-benzanthracene by high-resolution spectroscopy referenced to an optical frequency comb. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:234303. [PMID: 36550042 DOI: 10.1063/5.0129297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic and vibrational structures of 1,2-benzanthracene-h12 (aBA-h12) and 1,2-benzanthracene-d12 (aBA-d12) were elucidated by analyzing fluorescence excitation spectra and dispersed fluorescence spectra in a supersonic jet on the basis of DFT calculation. We also observed the high-resolution and high-precision fluorescence excitation spectrum of the S1←S000 0 band, and determined the accurate rotational constants in the zero-vibrational levels of the S0 and S1 states. In this high-resolution measurement, we used a single-mode UV laser whose frequencies were controlled with reference to an optical frequency comb. The inertial defect is negligibly small, the molecule is considered to be planar, and the obtained rotational constants were well reproduced by the equation-of-motion coupled cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) calculation. Both a-type and b-type transitions are found to be included in the rotationally resolved spectrum, and the a-type contribution is dominant, that is, the transition moment is nearly parallel to the long axis of the aBA molecule. We concluded that the S1 state is mainly composed of the Φ(B) configuration. The observed fluorescence lifetime (106 ns) is considerably longer than that of the Φ(A) system, such as anthracene (18 ns). The transition moment for the lower state of mixed states becomes small, reflecting a near-cancelation of the contributions from the parts of the wavefunction corresponding to the two electronic configurations. The bandwidth of the S2 ← S0 transition is large, and the structure is complicated. It is attributed to vibronic coupling with the high vibrational levels of the S1 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Katori
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Sachi Kunishige
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masaaki Baba
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Naofumi Nakayama
- CONFLEX Corporation, 2-15-19 Kami-osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ishimoto
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Misono
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Kobayashi T, Takamizawa A, Akamatsu D, Kawasaki A, Nishiyama A, Hosaka K, Hisai Y, Wada M, Inaba H, Tanabe T, Yasuda M. Search for Ultralight Dark Matter from Long-Term Frequency Comparisons of Optical and Microwave Atomic Clocks. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:241301. [PMID: 36563281 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.241301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We search for ultralight scalar dark matter candidates that induce oscillations of the fine structure constant, the electron and quark masses, and the quantum chromodynamics energy scale with frequency comparison data between a ^{171}Yb optical lattice clock and a ^{133}Cs fountain microwave clock that span 298 days with an uptime of 15.4%. New limits on the couplings of the scalar dark matter to electrons and gluons in the mass range from 10^{-22} to 10^{-20} eV/c^{2} are set, assuming that each of these couplings is the dominant source of the modulation in the frequency ratio. The absolute frequency of the ^{171}Yb clock transition is also determined as 518 295 836 590 863.69(28) Hz, which is one of the important contributions toward a redefinition of the second in the International System of Units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kobayashi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takamizawa
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Daisuke Akamatsu
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Akio Kawasaki
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Hosaka
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hisai
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Wada
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Hajime Inaba
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Takehiko Tanabe
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Masami Yasuda
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
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Fekete CD, Nishiyama A. Presentation and integration of multiple signals that modulate oligodendrocyte lineage progression and myelination. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1041853. [PMID: 36451655 PMCID: PMC9701731 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1041853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination is critical for fast saltatory conduction of action potentials. Recent studies have revealed that myelin is not a static structure as previously considered but continues to be made and remodeled throughout adulthood in tune with the network requirement. Synthesis of new myelin requires turning on the switch in oligodendrocytes (OL) to initiate the myelination program that includes synthesis and transport of macromolecules needed for myelin production as well as the metabolic and other cellular functions needed to support this process. A significant amount of information is available regarding the individual intrinsic and extrinsic signals that promote OL commitment, expansion, terminal differentiation, and myelination. However, it is less clear how these signals are made available to OL lineage cells when needed, and how multiple signals are integrated to generate the correct amount of myelin that is needed in a given neural network state. Here we review the pleiotropic effects of some of the extracellular signals that affect myelination and discuss the cellular processes used by the source cells that contribute to the variation in the temporal and spatial availability of the signals, and how the recipient OL lineage cells might integrate the multiple signals presented to them in a manner dialed to the strength of the input.
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Wang J, Yang L, Jiang M, Zhao C, Liu X, Berry K, Waisman A, Langseth AJ, Novitch BG, Bergles DE, Nishiyama A, Lu QR. Olig2 Ablation in Immature Oligodendrocytes Does Not Enhance CNS Myelination and Remyelination. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8542-8555. [PMID: 36198499 PMCID: PMC9665935 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0237-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage transcription factor Olig2 is expressed throughout oligodendroglial development and is essential for oligodendroglial progenitor specification and differentiation. It was previously reported that deletion of Olig2 enhanced the maturation and myelination of immature OLs and accelerated the remyelination process. However, by analyzing multiple Olig2 conditional KO mouse lines (male and female), we conclude that Olig2 has the opposite effect and is required for OL maturation and remyelination. We found that deletion of Olig2 in immature OLs driven by an immature OL-expressing Plp1 promoter resulted in defects in OL maturation and myelination, and did not enhance remyelination after demyelination. Similarly, Olig2 deletion during premyelinating stages in immature OLs using Mobp or Mog promoter-driven Cre lines also did not enhance OL maturation in the CNS. Further, we found that Olig2 was not required for myelin maintenance in mature OLs but was critical for remyelination after lysolecithin-induced demyelinating injury. Analysis of genomic occupancy in immature and mature OLs revealed that Olig2 targets the enhancers of key myelination-related genes for OL maturation from immature OLs. Together, by leveraging multiple immature OL-expressing Cre lines, these studies indicate that Olig2 is essential for differentiation and myelination of immature OLs and myelin repair. Our findings raise fundamental questions about the previously proposed role of Olig2 in opposing OL myelination and highlight the importance of using Cre-dependent reporter(s) for lineage tracing in studying cell state progression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Identification of the regulators that promote oligodendrocyte (OL) myelination and remyelination is important for promoting myelin repair in devastating demyelinating diseases. Olig2 is expressed throughout OL lineage development. Ablation of Olig2 was reported to induce maturation, myelination, and remyelination from immature OLs. However, lineage-mapping analysis of Olig2-ablated cells was not conducted. Here, by leveraging multiple immature OL-expressing Cre lines, we observed no evidence that Olig2 ablation promotes maturation or remyelination of immature OLs. Instead, we find that Olig2 is required for immature OL maturation, myelination, and myelin repair. These data raise fundamental questions about the proposed inhibitory role of Olig2 against OL maturation and remyelination. Our findings highlight the importance of validating genetic manipulation with cell lineage tracing in studying myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Minqing Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Xuezhao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Kalen Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Abraham J Langseth
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Bennett G Novitch
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Dwight E Bergles
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
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Okahisa M, Udagawa H, Matsumoto S, Kato T, Oizumi S, Furuya N, Hayakawa D, Toyozawa R, Nishiyama A, Ohashi K, Miyamoto S, Nishino K, Oi H, Sakai T, Shibata Y, Izumi H, Sugiyama E, Nosaki K, Zenke Y, Yoh K, Goto K. EP08.02-113 Clinico-genomic Characteristics of Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Lisak D, Charczun D, Nishiyama A, Voumard T, Wildi T, Kowzan G, Brasch V, Herr T, Fleisher AJ, Hodges JT, Ciuryło R, Cygan A, Masłowski P. Dual-comb cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2377. [PMID: 35149716 PMCID: PMC8837621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy is a ubiquitous optical method used to study light-matter interactions with high resolution, sensitivity and accuracy. However, it has never been performed with the multiplexing advantages of direct frequency comb spectroscopy without significantly compromising spectral resolution. We present dual-comb cavity ring-down spectroscopy (DC-CRDS) based on the parallel heterodyne detection of ring-down signals with a local oscillator comb to yield absorption and dispersion spectra. These spectra are obtained from widths and positions of cavity modes. We present two approaches which leverage the dynamic cavity response to coherently or randomly driven changes in the amplitude or frequency of the probe field. Both techniques yield accurate spectra of methane-an important greenhouse gas and breath biomarker. When combined with broadband frequency combs, the high sensitivity, spectral resolution and accuracy of our DC-CRDS technique shows promise for applications like studies of the structure and dynamics of large molecules, multispecies trace gas detection and isotopic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lisak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Dominik Charczun
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.,National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan
| | - Thibault Voumard
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thibault Wildi
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Kowzan
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Victor Brasch
- CSEM - Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Herr
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department, Universität Hamburg UHH, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adam J Fleisher
- Optical Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Joseph T Hodges
- Optical Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Roman Ciuryło
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Agata Cygan
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Piotr Masłowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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12
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Miranda D, Zanatta A, Miles E, Calder P, Nishiyama A. Leukotriene B 4 limits the effectiveness of fish oil in an animal model of asthma. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08326. [PMID: 34816034 PMCID: PMC8591350 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the levels of eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (ARA) in the lungs of asthmatic rats supplemented with fish oil. The present data gives insight into the action of fish oil in asthma, related to its inability to modify the contractile capacity of tracheal smooth muscle reported previously in a model of asthma in rats. Male Wistar rats were supplemented daily with 1 g of fish oil/kg of body weight for 21 days. They were exposed to ovalbumin (OVA) after previous sensitization with OVA to induce asthma. Pulmonary levels of five eicosanoids were measured using immunoassay kits: PGE2, TXB2, LTB4, LXA4, and 8-iso PGF2α. In asthmatic rats, supplementation with fish oil resulted in lower concentrations of lung eicosanoids produced by cyclooxygenase-2 and 15-lipoxygenase: PGE2, TXB2, and LXA4, respectively. Fish oil supplementation also decreased the non-enzymatically produced eicosanoid 8-iso PGF2α. Fish oil supplementation did not affect LTB4, a metabolite of 5-lipoxygenase. The limited efficacy of fish oil supplementation in asthmatic rats is associated with a lack of action in reducing the levels of LTB4 in the lungs. Thus, fish oil differentially modulates the concentrations of eicosanoids derived from ARA via specific pathways in an animal model of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.T.S.Z. Miranda
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - A.L. Zanatta
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - E.A. Miles
- School of Human Development & Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - P.C. Calder
- School of Human Development & Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - A. Nishiyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, Brazil
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13
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Sherafat A, Pfeiffer F, Nishiyama A. Shaping of Regional Differences in Oligodendrocyte Dynamics by Regional Heterogeneity of the Pericellular Microenvironment. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:721376. [PMID: 34690700 PMCID: PMC8531270 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.721376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are glial cells that differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) to generate new myelin sheaths. While OPCs are distributed uniformly throughout the gray and white matter in the developing and adult brain, those in white matter proliferate and differentiate into oligodendrocytes at a greater rate than those in gray matter. There is currently lack of evidence to suggest that OPCs comprise genetically and transcriptionally distinct subtypes. Rather, the emerging view is that they exist in different cell and functional states, depending on their location and age. Contrary to the normal brain, demyelinated lesions in the gray matter of multiple sclerosis brains contain more OPCs and OLs and are remyelinated more robustly than those in white matter. The differences in the dynamic behavior of OL lineage cells are likely to be influenced by their microenvironment. There are regional differences in astrocytes, microglia, the vasculature, and the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). We will discuss how the regional differences in these elements surrounding OPCs might shape their phenotypic variability in normal and demyelinated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Sherafat
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Friederike Pfeiffer
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.,Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.,Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.,The Institute of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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14
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Pfeiffer F, Sherafat A, Nishiyama A. The Impact of Fixation on the Detection of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Morphology and Vascular Associations. Cells 2021; 10:1302. [PMID: 34073801 PMCID: PMC8225113 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) display numerous protrusions that extend into the surrounding parenchyma in the brain. Depending on the preparation of the tissue analyzed, these protrusions are more or less visible. We applied six different fixation methods and compared the effect of prolonged and stronger fixation on fluorescence intensity of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, a surface marker of OPCs. Importantly, the fluorescence signal is mostly lost on protrusions as compared to the cell body, which has to be considered for specific analyses. Additionally, we show numerous contacts established between OPCs and the brain vasculature, which will contribute to the understanding of the interactions between these two elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Pfeiffer
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institue of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Amin Sherafat
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- The Connecticut Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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15
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Nishiyama A, Serwanski DR, Pfeiffer F. Many roles for oligodendrocyte precursor cells in physiology and pathology. Neuropathology 2021; 41:161-173. [PMID: 33913208 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a fourth resident glial cell population in the mammalian central nervous system. They are evenly distributed throughout the gray and white matter and continue to proliferate and generate new oligodendrocytes (OLs) throughout life. They were understudied until a few decades ago when immunolabeling for NG2 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha revealed cells that are distinct from mature OLs, astrocytes, neurons, and microglia. In this review, we provide a summary of the known properties of OPCs with some historical background, followed by highlights from recent studies that suggest new roles for OPCs in certain pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,The Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - David R Serwanski
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Friederike Pfeiffer
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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16
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Sherafat A, Pfeiffer F, Reiss AM, Wood WM, Nishiyama A. Microglial neuropilin-1 promotes oligodendrocyte expansion during development and remyelination by trans-activating platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2265. [PMID: 33859199 PMCID: PMC8050320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve-glia (NG2) glia or oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are distributed throughout the gray and white matter and generate myelinating cells. OPCs in white matter proliferate more than those in gray matter in response to platelet-derived growth factor AA (PDGF AA), despite similar levels of its alpha receptor (PDGFRα) on their surface. Here we show that the type 1 integral membrane protein neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) is expressed not on OPCs but on amoeboid and activated microglia in white but not gray matter in an age- and activity-dependent manner. Microglia-specific deletion of Nrp1 compromised developmental OPC proliferation in white matter as well as OPC expansion and subsequent myelin repair after acute demyelination. Exogenous Nrp1 increased PDGF AA-induced OPC proliferation and PDGFRα phosphorylation on dissociated OPCs, most prominently in the presence of suboptimum concentrations of PDGF AA. These findings uncover a mechanism of regulating oligodendrocyte lineage cell density that involves trans-activation of PDGFRα on OPCs via Nrp1 expressed by adjacent microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Sherafat
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Friederike Pfeiffer
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander M. Reiss
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - William M. Wood
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA ,grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA ,grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915The Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
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17
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Nishiyama A, Shimizu T, Sherafat A, Richardson WD. Life-long oligodendrocyte development and plasticity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 116:25-37. [PMID: 33741250 PMCID: PMC8292179 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) originate in localized germinal zones in the embryonic neural tube, then migrate and proliferate to populate the entire central nervous system, both white and gray matter. They divide and generate myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) throughout postnatal and adult life. OPCs express NG2 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha subunit (PDGFRα), two functionally important cell surface proteins, which are also widely used as markers for OPCs. The proliferation of OPCs, their terminal differentiation into OLs, survival of new OLs, and myelin synthesis are orchestrated by signals in the local microenvironment. We discuss advances in our mechanistic understanding of paracrine effects, including those mediated through PDGFRα and neuronal activity-dependent signals such as those mediated through AMPA receptors in OL survival and myelination. Finally, we review recent studies supporting the role of new OL production and “adaptive myelination” in specific behaviours and cognitive processes contributing to learning and long-term memory formation. Our article is not intended to be comprehensive but reflects the authors’ past and present interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA.
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Amin Sherafat
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA
| | - William D Richardson
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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18
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Boshans LL, Soh H, Wood WM, Nolan TM, Mandoiu II, Yanagawa Y, Tzingounis AV, Nishiyama A. Direct reprogramming of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into GABAergic inhibitory neurons by a single homeodomain transcription factor Dlx2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3552. [PMID: 33574458 PMCID: PMC7878775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (NG2 glia) are uniformly distributed proliferative cells in the mammalian central nervous system and generate myelinating oligodendrocytes throughout life. A subpopulation of OPCs in the neocortex arises from progenitor cells in the embryonic ganglionic eminences that also produce inhibitory neurons. The neuronal fate of some progenitor cells is sealed before birth as they become committed to the oligodendrocyte lineage, marked by sustained expression of the oligodendrocyte transcription factor Olig2, which represses the interneuron transcription factor Dlx2. Here we show that misexpression of Dlx2 alone in postnatal mouse OPCs caused them to switch their fate to GABAergic neurons within 2 days by downregulating Olig2 and upregulating a network of inhibitory neuron transcripts. After two weeks, some OPC-derived neurons generated trains of action potentials and formed clusters of GABAergic synaptic proteins. Our study revealed that the developmental molecular logic can be applied to promote neuronal reprogramming from OPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Boshans
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Heun Soh
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - William M Wood
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Timothy M Nolan
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Ion I Mandoiu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
- The Connecticut Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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19
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Medved J, Wood WM, van Heyst MD, Sherafat A, Song JY, Sakya S, Wright DL, Nishiyama A. Novel guanidine compounds inhibit platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha transcription and oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation. Glia 2020; 69:792-811. [PMID: 33098183 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), also known as NG2 cells or polydendrocytes, are distributed widely throughout the developing and mature central nervous system. They remain proliferative throughout life and are an important source of myelinating cells in normal and demyelinating brain as well as a source of glioma, the most common type of primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis. OPC proliferation is dependent on signaling mediated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) AA binding to its alpha receptor (PDGFRα). Here, we describe a group of structurally related compounds characterized by the presence of a basic guanidine group appended to an aromatic core that is effective in specifically repressing the transcription of Pdgfra but not the related beta receptor (Pdgfrb) in OPCs. These compounds specifically and dramatically reduced proliferation of OPCs but not that of astrocytes and did not affect signal transduction by PDGFRα. These findings suggest that the compounds could be further developed for potential use in combinatorial treatment strategies for neoplasms with dysregulated PDGFRα function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Medved
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - William M Wood
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael D van Heyst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amin Sherafat
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ju-Young Song
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sagune Sakya
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dennis L Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut, USA.,Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut, USA
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20
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Nakajima Y, Hariki T, Nishiyama A, Minoshima K. Phase-stabilized all-fiber-based mode-filtering technique for generating a gigahertz frequency comb. Opt Express 2020; 28:17502-17510. [PMID: 32679957 DOI: 10.1364/oe.393824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An all-fiber-based mode-filtering technique is developed for generating a gigahertz-repetition-rate fiber-based frequency comb with a multiplication factor of 21. A high side-mode suppression ratio of approximately 65 dB is achieved by introducing a thermally diffused expanded core fiber between the dispersion compensating fiber and single-mode fiber to reduce splice loss. The fiber cavity length is also stabilized such that the resonance frequency is locked to the comb mode by applying the Pound-Drever-Hall stabilization technique. The proposed stabilized all-fiber-based mode-filtering technique is expected to be an attractive choice for a variety of applications that require a high-repetition-rate frequency comb.
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Colognato
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, United States.
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States.
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22
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Zaborowski M, Słowiński M, Stankiewicz K, Thibault F, Cygan A, Jóźwiak H, Kowzan G, Masłowski P, Nishiyama A, Stolarczyk N, Wójtewicz S, Ciuryło R, Lisak D, Wcisło P. Ultrahigh finesse cavity-enhanced spectroscopy for accurate tests of quantum electrodynamics for molecules. Opt Lett 2020; 45:1603-1606. [PMID: 32235953 DOI: 10.1364/ol.389268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the most accurate, to the best of our knowledge, measurement of the position of the weak quadrupole S(2) 2-0 line in $ {{\rm D}_2} $D2. The spectra were collected with a frequency-stabilized cavity ringdown spectrometer (FS-CRDS) with an ultrahigh finesse optical cavity ($ {\cal F} = 637 000 $F=637000) and operating in the frequency-agile, rapid scanning spectroscopy (FARS) mode. Despite working in the Doppler-limited regime, we reached 40 kHz of statistical uncertainty and 161 kHz of absolute accuracy, achieving the highest accuracy for homonuclear isotopologues of molecular hydrogen. The accuracy of our measurement corresponds to the fifth significant digit of the leading term in quantum electrodynamics (QED) correction. We observe $ 2.3\sigma $2.3σ discrepancy with the recent theoretical value.
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23
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Nishiyama A, Kowzan G, Charczun D, Trawiński RS, Masłowski P. Optical frequency comb-based cavity-enhanced Fourier-transform spectroscopy: Application to collisional line-shape study. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1911192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nishiyama
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kowzan
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Dominik Charczun
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Ryszard S. Trawiński
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Piotr Masłowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń 87-100, Poland
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24
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Baba M, Kanaoka A, Nishiyama A, Misono M, Ishimoto T, Udagawa T. Large amplitude motion in 9-methylanthracene: High-resolution spectroscopy and Ab Initio theoretical calculation. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1910188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Baba
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kanaoka
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Masatoshi Misono
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ishimoto
- Association of International Arts and Science Institute of Natural Science, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Taro Udagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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25
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Shirado K, Wakabayashi H, Maeda K, Nishiyama A, Asada M, Isse H, Saito S, Kakitani C, Momosaki R. Impact of Energy intake at One Week after Hospitalization on Prognosis for Older Adults with Pneumonia. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:119-124. [PMID: 31886818 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study objectives to investigate the influence of average energy intake at 1 week of hospitalization on prognosis for older adults with pneumonia. DESIGN Retrospective observational cohort study. SETTING The Japan Rehabilitation Nutrition Database comprise those with pneumonia in acute care hospitals. PARTICIPANTS The study included 329 pneumonia patients (aged over 65 years) who entered into the Japan Rehabilitation Nutrition Database (JRND) from November 2015 to March 2018. MEASUREMENTS Logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the relationship of energy intake with the rate of mortality, discharge home, and pneumonia recurrence during hospitalization. Variables included in the multiple regression analysis model were age, sex, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form score (MNA-SF) at hospitalization, A-DROP, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and presence or absence of rehabilitation. RESULTS Of 315 patients with pneumonia (median age 85 years), 63.8% were men. 57.7% were assigned to the lack of energy intake (LEI) at 1 week after admission. Patients in the LEI group were older (p = 0.033), had higher A-DROP score (p < 0.001), and showed higher malnutrition rate in MNA-SF at hospitalization (p < 0.001) than those in the control group. Mortality, pneumonia recurrence (p = 0.001), median body mass index (p = 0.012), and low malnutrition in MNA-SF (p < 0.001) at discharge were significantly higher in the LEI group than in the control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that LEI was an independent risk factor for mortality (Odds ratio: 5.07, p = 0.002), discharge home (Odds ratio: 0.33, p = 0.007), and pneumonia recurrence (Odds ratio: 3.26, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS LEI at 1 week after hospitalization in older adults with pneumonia was an independent risk factor for mortality, difficult at-home recovery, and pneumonia recurrence. These findings suggest the importance of adequate energy intake from the early days of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shirado
- Kengo Shirado, R.P.T. Department of Rehabilitation, Aso Iizuka Hospital, 3-83 Yoshiomachi, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, Japan; Tel: +81-948-29-8038; Fax: +81-948-25-8018,
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Kanaoka A, Tohyama H, Kunishige S, Katori T, Nishiyama A, Misono M, Nakayama N, Sakurai H, Tsuge M, Baba M. Electronic and vibrational structure in the S0 and S1 states of corannulene. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:234305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5129852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Kanaoka
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tohyama
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Sachi Kunishige
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Katori
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Masatoshi Misono
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Naofumi Nakayama
- Conflex Corporation, 2-15-19 Kami-osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Sakurai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0891, Japan
| | - Masashi Tsuge
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Masaaki Baba
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Nishiyama A, Nakajima Y, Nakagawa K, Onae A, Sasada H, Minoshima K. Optical-optical double-resonance dual-comb spectroscopy with pump-intensity modulation. Opt Express 2019; 27:37003-37011. [PMID: 31873470 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.037003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We apply an intensity-modulation technique to dual-comb spectroscopy to improve its detection sensitivity. The scheme is demonstrated via Doppler-free optical-optical double-resonance spectroscopy of Rb by modulating the intensity of a pump laser with frequencies set at rates 3 times lower and 50,000 times higher than the difference in the repetition rates of the two frequency combs. The signal-to-noise ratios are enhanced by 3 and 6 times for slow and fast modulations, respectively, compared to those of conventional dual-comb spectroscopy without any intensity modulation. The technique is widely applicable to pump-probe spectroscopy with dual-comb spectroscopy and provides high detection sensitivity.
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Boshans LL, Sherafat A, Nishiyama A. The effects of developmental and current niches on oligodendrocyte precursor dynamics and fate. Neurosci Lett 2019; 715:134593. [PMID: 31678373 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), whose primary function is to generate myelinating oligodendrocytes, are distributed widely throughout the developing and mature central nervous system. They originate from several defined subdomains in the embryonic germinal zones at different developmental stages and in the adult. While many phenotypic differences have been observed among OPCs in different anatomical regions and among those arising from different germinal zones, we know relatively little about the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which the historical and current niches shape the behavior of oligodendrocyte lineage cells. This minireview will discuss how the behavior of oligodendrocyte lineage cells is influenced by the developmental niches from which subpopulations of OPCs emerge, by the current niches surrounding OPCs in different regions, and in pathological states that cause deviations from the normal density of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and myelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Boshans
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Amin Sherafat
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, USA; Institute for Brain and Cognitive Science, University of Connecticut, USA.
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29
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Boshans LL, Factor DC, Singh V, Liu J, Zhao C, Mandoiu I, Lu QR, Casaccia P, Tesar PJ, Nishiyama A. The Chromatin Environment Around Interneuron Genes in Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells and Their Potential for Interneuron Reprograming. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:829. [PMID: 31440130 PMCID: PMC6694778 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), also known as NG2 glia, arise from neural progenitor cells in the embryonic ganglionic eminences that also generate inhibitory neurons. They are ubiquitously distributed in the central nervous system, remain proliferative through life, and generate oligodendrocytes in both gray and white matter. OPCs exhibit some lineage plasticity, and attempts have been made to reprogram them into neurons, with varying degrees of success. However, little is known about how epigenetic mechanisms affect the ability of OPCs to undergo fate switch and whether OPCs have a unique chromatin environment around neuronal genes that might contribute to their lineage plasticity. Our bioinformatic analysis of histone posttranslational modifications at interneuron genes in OPCs revealed that OPCs had significantly fewer bivalent and repressive histone marks at interneuron genes compared to astrocytes or fibroblasts. Conversely, OPCs had a greater degree of deposition of active histone modifications at bivalently marked interneuron genes than other cell types, and this was correlated with higher expression levels of these genes in OPCs. Furthermore, a significantly higher proportion of interneuron genes in OPCs than in other cell types lacked the histone posttranslational modifications examined. These genes had a moderately high level of expression, suggesting that the "no mark" interneuron genes could be in a transcriptionally "poised" or "transitional" state. Thus, our findings suggest that OPCs have a unique histone code at their interneuron genes that may obviate the need for erasure of repressive marks during their fate switch to inhibitory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L. Boshans
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Connecticut Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Daniel C. Factor
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Vijender Singh
- Computational Biology Core, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, Neuroscience Initiative, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ion Mandoiu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Q. Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, Neuroscience Initiative, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paul J. Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Connecticut Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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Ortiz FC, Habermacher C, Graciarena M, Houry PY, Nishiyama A, Oumesmar BN, Angulo MC. Neuronal activity in vivo enhances functional myelin repair. JCI Insight 2019; 5:123434. [PMID: 30896448 PMCID: PMC6538342 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), demyelination of neuronal fibers impairs impulse conduction and causes axon degeneration. While neuronal activity stimulates oligodendrocyte production and myelination in normal conditions, it remains unclear whether the activity of demyelinated axons restores their loss-of-function in a harmful environment. To investigate this question, we established a model to induce a moderate optogenetic stimulation of demyelinated axons in the corpus callosum at the level of the motor cortex in which cortical circuit activation and locomotor effects were reduced in adult freely moving mice. We demonstrate that a moderate activation of demyelinated axons enhances the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells onto mature oligodendrocytes, but only under a repeated stimulation paradigm. This activity-dependent increase in the oligodendrocyte pool promotes an extensive remyelination and functional restoration of conduction, as revealed by ultrastructural analyses and compound action potential recordings. Our findings reveal the need of preserving an appropriate neuronal activity in the damaged tissue to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination, likely by enhancing axon-oligodendroglia interactions. Our results provide new perspectives for translational research using neuromodulation in demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C. Ortiz
- INSERM U1128, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Chloé Habermacher
- INSERM U1128, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Mariana Graciarena
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Houry
- INSERM U1128, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brahim Nait Oumesmar
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - María Cecilia Angulo
- INSERM U1128, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
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Gotoh H, Wood WM, Patel KD, Factor DC, Boshans LL, Nomura T, Tesar PJ, Ono K, Nishiyama A. NG2 expression in NG2 glia is regulated by binding of SoxE and bHLH transcription factors to a Cspg4 intronic enhancer. Glia 2018; 66:2684-2699. [PMID: 30306660 PMCID: PMC6309483 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NG2 is a type 1 integral membrane glycoprotein encoded by the Cspg4 gene. It is expressed on glial progenitor cells known as NG2 glial cells or oligodendrocyte precursor cells that exist widely throughout the developing and mature central nervous system and vascular mural cells but not on mature oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, neurons, or neural stem cells. Hence NG2 is widely used as a marker for NG2 glia in the rodent and human. The regulatory elements of the mouse Cspg4 gene and its flanking sequences have been used successfully to target reporter and Cre recombinase to NG2 glia in transgenic mice when used in a large 200 kb bacterial artificial chromosome cassette containing the 38 kb Cspg4 gene in the center. Despite the tightly regulated cell type- and stage-specific expression of NG2 in the brain and spinal cord, the mechanisms that regulate its transcription have remained unknown. Here, we describe a 1.45 kb intronic enhancer of the mouse Cspg4 gene that directed transcription of EGFP reporter to NG2 glia but not to pericytes in vitro and in transgenic mice. The 1.45 kb enhancer contained binding sites for SoxE and basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, and its enhancer activity was augmented cooperatively by these factors, whose respective binding elements were found in close proximity to each other. Mutations in these binding elements abrogated the enhancer activity when tested in the postnatal mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Gotoh
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3156, USA
- Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-0823, Japan
| | - William M. Wood
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3156, USA
| | - Kiran D. Patel
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3156, USA
| | - Daniel C. Factor
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland OH, 44106, USA
| | - Linda L. Boshans
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3156, USA
| | - Tadashi Nomura
- Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-0823, Japan
| | - Paul J. Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
| | - Katsuhiko Ono
- Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-0823, Japan
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3156, USA
- Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut
- Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, University of Connecticut
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Yano S, Nishiyama A, Kita K, Takeuchi S. Foretinib circumvents the NTRK1 G667C mutation-associated entrectinib-resistance in the brain and liver metastases produced by NTRK1 fusion-positive tumor cells. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy303.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Nishiyama A, Nakajima Y, Nakagawa K, Minoshima K. Precise and highly-sensitive Doppler-free two-photon absorption dual-comb spectroscopy using pulse shaping and coherent averaging for fluorescence signal detection. Opt Express 2018; 26:8957-8967. [PMID: 29715855 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.008957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated Doppler-free two-photon absorption dual-comb spectroscopy of 5S1/2 - 5D5/2 and 5D3/2 transitions of Rb. We employed simple pulse-shaping of the dual-comb source and eliminated Doppler-broadening backgrounds, which cause fitting errors of the Doppler-free signals. Moreover, to improve sensitivity, we investigated the coherence in dual-comb fluorescence signals and the coherent averaging method was applied to fluorescence dual-comb detection for the first time. The detection sensitivity was significantly improved by coherent averaging to reduce the noise floor. Observed Doppler-free spectra was fitted to Voigt profiles and we performed absolute frequency determination with a precision of about 100 kHz.
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34
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Nakajima Y, Nishiyama A, Minoshima K. Mode-filtering technique based on all-fiber-based external cavity for fiber-based optical frequency comb. Opt Express 2018; 26:4656-4664. [PMID: 29475313 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.004656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We developed a mode-filtering technique based on the all-fiber-based external cavity for a fiber-based optical frequency comb for high repetition rate (frep) frequency comb, and the carrier envelope offset frequency (fceo) can be detected and stabilized and is robust to environmental fluctuations. To achieve multiplication of the frep with a high multiplication factor using the fiber ring cavity, a long fiber was developed to mitigate the physical limitation inhibiting the shortening of the cavity length. In this study, the length of the fiber cavity was set to 6.7 m (free spectral range = 44.7 MHz) as the fiber-based comb length was 6.1 m. We were able to demonstrate a multiplication factor of 11, i.e., frep increased from 48.7 MHz to 536.0 MHz with a side mode suppression ratio of about 25 dB using the double-pass configuration.
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Abstract
Oligodendrocyte development and myelination are processes in the central nervous system that are regulated by cell intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Organotypic slice cultures provide a simple method for studying factors that affect oligodendrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and myelination in the context of the local cellular environment. Here we show that major glial cell types and neurons are preserved in slice cultures from postnatal mouse forebrain, and their morphological characteristics are retained. We further demonstrate that cellular processes requiring interactions with neighboring cells such as myelination can proceed in slice culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Sherafat
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Robert A Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. .,Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. .,Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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Nishiyama A, Yoshida S, Hariki T, Nakajima Y, Minoshima K. Sensitivity improvement of dual-comb spectroscopy using mode-filtering technique. Opt Express 2017; 25:31730-31738. [PMID: 29245844 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.031730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated an improvement in the detection sensitivity of dual-comb spectroscopy using the repetition rate multiplication of optical frequency combs. We compared the dual-comb signals in three dual-comb setups consisting of combinations of two combs with and without mode-filtering, and investigated how the repetition rate influences the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of dual-comb measurements. The dual-comb setups using high-repetition-rate combs enabled the absorption lines of HCN gas to be measured with a high SNR in a short averaging time, and real-time spectral data acquisition was realized using a low-sensitivity and low-resolution RF spectrum analyzer.
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Ikeda S, Yoshioka H, Ikeo S, Morita M, Sone N, Niwa T, Nishiyama A, Yokoyama T, Sekine A, Ogura T, Ishida T. P2.01-001 Serum Albumin Level Predicts the Survival Benefit of Chemotherapy in Elderly Advanced NSCLC Patients with Poor Performance Status. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nishiyama A, Niihori T, Warita H, Izumi R, Akiyama T, Kato M, Suzuki N, Aoki Y, Aoki M. Targeted next-generation sequencing in japanese familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis reveals diffrences in the genetic variations across populations. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Nishiyama A, Ibaragi S, Yoshioka N, Shimo T, Sasaki A. A case of maxillary protrusion and gummy smile treated by multi-segmental horseshoe le fort i osteotomy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tognatta R, Sun W, Goebbels S, Nave KA, Nishiyama A, Schoch S, Dimou L, Dietrich D. Transient Cnp expression by early progenitors causes Cre-Lox-based reporter lines to map profoundly different fates. Glia 2016; 65:342-359. [PMID: 27807896 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NG2 expressing oligodendroglial precursor cells are ubiquitous in the central nervous system and the only cell type cycling throughout life. Previous fate mapping studies have remained inconsistent regarding the question whether NG2 cells are capable of generating certain types of neurons. Here, we use CNP-Cre mice to map the fate of a sub-population of NG2 cells assumed to be close to differentiation. When crossing these mice with the ROSA26/YFP Cre-reporter line we discovered large numbers of reporter-expressing pyramidal neurons in the piriform and dorsal cortex. In contrast, when using Z/EG reporter mice to track the fate of Cnp-expressing NG2 cells only oligodendroglial cells were found reporter positive. Using BrdU-based birth dating protocols and inducible NG2CreER:ROSA26/YFP mice we show that YFP positive neurons are generated from radial glial cells and that these radial glial cells display temporary and low level activity of certain oligodendroglial genes sufficient to recombine the Cre-inducible reporter gene in ROSA26/YFP but not in Z/EG mice. Taken together, we did not obtain evidence for generation of neurons from NG2 cells. Our results suggest that with an appropriate reporter system Cnp activity can be used to define a proliferative subpopulation of NG2 cells committed to generate oligodendrocytes. However, the strikingly different results obtained from ROSA26/YFP versus Z/EG mice demonstrate that the choice of Cre-reporter line can be of crucial importance for fate mapping studies and other applications of the Cre-lox technology. GLIA 2017;65:342-359.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Tognatta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Experimental Neurophysiology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, 53105, Germany
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Experimental Neurophysiology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, 53105, Germany
| | - Sandra Goebbels
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institut für experimentelle Medizin, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institut für experimentelle Medizin, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Connecticut
| | - Susanne Schoch
- Institute of Neuropathology and Department of Epileptology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, 53105, Germany
| | - Leda Dimou
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Dirk Dietrich
- Department of Neurosurgery, Experimental Neurophysiology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, 53105, Germany
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Asahara A, Nishiyama A, Yoshida S, Kondo KI, Nakajima Y, Minoshima K. Dual-comb spectroscopy for rapid characterization of complex optical properties of solids. Opt Lett 2016; 41:4971-4974. [PMID: 27805662 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.004971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate rapid characterization of complex optical properties of solids via dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) in the near-infrared region. The fine spectral structures in the complex refractive index of an Er:YAG are successfully deduced using the developed system and Fourier analysis. Moreover, simultaneous determination of the refractive index and the thickness is demonstrated for a silicon semiconductor wafer through the use of multireflected echo signals. The results indicate the potential of DCS as a powerful measurement tool for the rapid and full characterization of solid materials.
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Nishiyama A, Yoshida S, Nakajima Y, Sasada H, Nakagawa K, Onae A, Minoshima K. Doppler-free dual-comb spectroscopy of Rb using optical-optical double resonance technique. Opt Express 2016; 24:25894-25904. [PMID: 27828538 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.025894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a Doppler-free high-resolution dual-comb spectroscopy technique in which a dual-comb system is employed to perform optical-optical double-resonance (OODR) spectroscopy. In our experimental study, Doppler-free high-resolution and high-frequency-accuracy broadband measurements were realized using the proposed OODR dual-comb spectroscopic technique, which does not require high-power-per-mode frequency combs. We observed fully resolved hyperfine spectra of 5P3/2 - 4D5/2, 4D3/2 transitions of Rb at 1530 nm and precisely determined the absolute frequencies of the transitions, with an uncertainty of less than 1 MHz. The variations of the OODR spectral line shapes due to power broadening and alignment and the effects of polarization on the dual-comb OODR spectra were also analyzed. This study provides a widely applicable technique for Doppler-free dual-comb spectroscopy of various gaseous species.
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Serwanski DR, Jukkola P, Nishiyama A. Heterogeneity of astrocyte and NG2 cell insertion at the node of ranvier. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:535-552. [PMID: 27448245 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The node of Ranvier is a functionally important site on the myelinated axon where sodium channels are clustered and regeneration of action potentials occurs, allowing fast saltatory conduction of action potentials. Early ultrastructural studies have revealed the presence of "glia" or "astrocytes" at the nodes. NG2 cells, also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells or polydendrocytes, which are a resident glial cell population in the mature mammalian central nervous system that is distinct from astrocytes, have also been shown to extend processes that contact the nodes. However, the prevalence of the two types of glia at the node has remained unknown. We have used specific cell surface markers to examine the association of NG2 cells and astrocytes with the nodes of Ranvier in the optic nerve, corpus callosum, and spinal cord of young adult mice or rats. We show that more than 95% of the nodes in all three regions contained astrocyte processes, while 33-49% of nodes contained NG2 cell processes. NG2 cell processes were associated more frequently with larger nodes. A few nodes were devoid of glial apposition. Electron microscopy and stimulated emission depletion (STED) super-resolution microscopy confirmed the presence of dual glial insertion at some nodes and further revealed that NG2 cell processes contacted the nodal membrane at discrete points, while astrocytes had broader processes that surrounded the nodes. The study provides the first systematic quantitative analysis of glial cell insertions at central nodes of Ranvier. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:535-552, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Serwanski
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
| | - Peter Jukkola
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
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Nishiyama A, Sato M, Kimura M, Katakura A, Tazaki M, Shibukawa Y. Intercellular signal communication among odontoblasts and trigeminal ganglion neurons via glutamate. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:341-355. [PMID: 27452727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Various stimuli to the exposed surface of dentin induce changes in the hydrodynamic force inside the dentinal tubules resulting in dentinal pain. Recent evidences indicate that mechano-sensor channels, such as the transient receptor potential channels, in odontoblasts receive these hydrodynamic forces and trigger the release of ATP to the pulpal neurons, to generate dentinal pain. A recent study, however, has shown that odontoblasts also express glutamate receptors (GluRs). This implies that cells in the dental pulp tissue have the ability to release glutamate, which acts as a functional intercellular mediator to establish inter-odontoblast and odontoblast-trigeminal ganglion (TG) neuron signal communication. To investigate the intercellular signal communication, we applied mechanical stimulation to odontoblasts and measured the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). During mechanical stimulation in the presence of extracellular Ca2+, we observed a transient [Ca2+]i increase not only in single stimulated odontoblasts, but also in adjacent odontoblasts. We could not observe these responses in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. [Ca2+]i increases in the neighboring odontoblasts during mechanical stimulation of single odontoblasts were inhibited by antagonists of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) as well as glutamate-permeable anion channels. In the odontoblast-TG neuron coculture, we observed an increase in [Ca2+]i in the stimulated odontoblasts and TG neurons, in response to direct mechanical stimulation of single odontoblasts. These [Ca2+]i increases in the neighboring TG neurons were inhibited by antagonists for mGluRs. The [Ca2+]i increases in the stimulated odontoblasts were also inhibited by mGluRs antagonists. We further confirmed that the odontoblasts express group I, II, and III mGluRs. However, we could not record any currents evoked from odontoblasts near the mechanically stimulated odontoblast, with or without extracellular Mg2+, indicating that N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor does not contribute to inter-odontoblast signal communication. The results suggest that a mechanically stimulated odontoblast is capable of releasing glutamate into the extracellular space via glutamate-permeable anion channels. The released glutamate activates mGluRs on the odontoblasts in an autocrine/paracrine manner, forming an inter-odontoblasts communication, which drives dentin formation via odontoblast-odontoblast signal communication. Glutamate and mGluRs also mediate neurotransmission between the odontoblasts and neurons in the dental pulp to modulate sensory signal transmission for dentinal sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nishiyama
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - M Sato
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - M Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - A Katakura
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - M Tazaki
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Y Shibukawa
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan.
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Yoshioka N, Nishiyama A, Ibaragi S, Domae S, Shimo T, Sasaki A. Clinical study of multiple segmental Le Fort I osteotomy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.08.882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nishiyama A, Yoshioka N, Ibaragi S, Domae S, Kishimoto K, Shimo T, Sasaki A. Modifications of horseshoe Le Fort I osteotomy for the safety. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.08.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Miyazaki S, Nishiyama A. [Sleep health education for elderly people]. Nihon Rinsho 2015; 73:987-991. [PMID: 26065130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Successful aging is characterized by minimal age-associated loss of the physiological functions of sleep and circadian clock. Sleep health education is necessary to have normal, quality nighttime sleep and full daytime alertness. Elderly people show changes of sleep parameters, accompanied by increased napping. Many studies have reported that daytime sleepiness or napping in elderly people could have potentially serious effects such as dementia and life-style related diseases. The main topics of sleep health education for elderly people are as follows: Right knowledge of sleep mechanism, understanding the bad influence of excessive napping, the effects of light on the circadian rhythm and negative effects of caffeine, alcohol and television.
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Ikeda S, Yoshioka H, Arita M, Sakai T, Sone N, Nishiyama A, Niwa T, Hotta M, Tanaka T, Ishida T. Interstitial lung disease induced by alectinib (CH5424802/RO5424802). Jpn J Clin Oncol 2014; 45:221-4. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyu183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Nishiyama A, Katakami N, Morita S, Seto T, Iwamoto Y, Hirashima T, Kaneda H, Kawaguchi T, Matsuoka H, Yokota S, Nishimura T, Okada M, Fujita M, Shibata K, Urata Y, Yamamoto N, Nakagawa K, Nakanishi Y. Randomized Phase III Study Comparing Gefitinib (G) with Erlotinib (E) in Patients (Pts) with Previously Treated Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma (La): Wjog 5108L. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu349.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
NG2 expressing cells (polydendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells) are the fourth major glial cell population in the central nervous system. During embryonic and postnatal development they actively proliferate and generate myelinating oligodendrocytes. These cells have commonly been studied in primary dissociated cultures, neuron cocultures, and in fixed tissue. Using newly available transgenic mouse lines slice culture systems can be used to investigate proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in both gray and white matter regions of the forebrain and cerebellum. Slice cultures are prepared from early postnatal mice and are kept in culture for up to 1 month. These slices can be imaged multiple times over the culture period to investigate cellular behavior and interactions. This method allows visualization of NG2 cell division and the steps leading to oligodendrocyte differentiation while enabling detailed analysis of region-dependent NG2 cell and oligodendrocyte functional heterogeneity. This is a powerful technique that can be used to investigate the intrinsic and extrinsic signals influencing these cells over time in a cellular environment that closely resembles that found in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Jelena Medved
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut
| | - Kiran D Patel
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut; Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut;
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