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Bielska K, Kyuberis AA, Reed ZD, Li G, Cygan A, Ciuryło R, Adkins EM, Lodi L, Zobov NF, Ebert V, Lisak D, Hodges JT, Tennyson J, Polyansky OL. Subpromille Measurements and Calculations of CO (3-0) Overtone Line Intensities. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:043002. [PMID: 35939021 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.043002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intensities of lines in the near-infrared second overtone band (3-0) of ^{12}C^{16}O are measured and calculated to an unprecedented degree of precision and accuracy. Agreement between theory and experiment to better than 1‰ is demonstrated by results from two laboratories involving two independent absorption- and dispersion-based cavity-enhanced techniques. Similarly, independent Fourier transform spectroscopy measurements of stronger lines in this band yield mutual agreement and consistency with theory at the 1‰ level. This set of highly accurate intensities can provide an intrinsic reference for reducing biases in future measurements of spectroscopic peak areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bielska
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Aleksandra A Kyuberis
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zachary D Reed
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Gang Li
- PTB (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Agata Cygan
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Roman Ciuryło
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Erin M Adkins
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Lorenzo Lodi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolay F Zobov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Ebert
- PTB (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel Lisak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Joseph T Hodges
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Jonathan Tennyson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Oleg L Polyansky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Lisak D, Charczun D, Nishiyama A, Voumard T, Wildi T, Kowzan G, Brasch V, Herr T, Fleisher AJ, Hodges JT, Ciuryło R, Cygan A, Masłowski P. Dual-comb cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2377. [PMID: 35149716 PMCID: PMC8837621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy is a ubiquitous optical method used to study light-matter interactions with high resolution, sensitivity and accuracy. However, it has never been performed with the multiplexing advantages of direct frequency comb spectroscopy without significantly compromising spectral resolution. We present dual-comb cavity ring-down spectroscopy (DC-CRDS) based on the parallel heterodyne detection of ring-down signals with a local oscillator comb to yield absorption and dispersion spectra. These spectra are obtained from widths and positions of cavity modes. We present two approaches which leverage the dynamic cavity response to coherently or randomly driven changes in the amplitude or frequency of the probe field. Both techniques yield accurate spectra of methane-an important greenhouse gas and breath biomarker. When combined with broadband frequency combs, the high sensitivity, spectral resolution and accuracy of our DC-CRDS technique shows promise for applications like studies of the structure and dynamics of large molecules, multispecies trace gas detection and isotopic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lisak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Dominik Charczun
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.,National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan
| | - Thibault Voumard
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thibault Wildi
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Kowzan
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Victor Brasch
- CSEM - Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Herr
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department, Universität Hamburg UHH, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adam J Fleisher
- Optical Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Joseph T Hodges
- Optical Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Roman Ciuryło
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Agata Cygan
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Piotr Masłowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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Bielska K, Cygan A, Konefał M, Kowzan G, Zaborowski M, Charczun D, Wójtewicz S, Wcisło P, Masłowski P, Ciuryło R, Lisak D. Frequency-based dispersion Lamb-dip spectroscopy in a high finesse optical cavity. Opt Express 2021; 29:39449-39460. [PMID: 34809309 DOI: 10.1364/oe.443661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Frequency-based cavity mode-dispersion spectroscopy (CMDS), previously applied for Doppler-limited molecular spectroscopy, is now employed for the first time for saturation spectroscopy. Comparison with two intensity-based, cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy techniques, i.e. cavity mode-width spectroscopy (CMWS) and the well-established cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), shows the predominance of the CMDS. The method enables measurements in broader pressure range and shows high immunity of the Lamb dip position to the incomplete model of saturated cavity mode shape. Frequencies of transitions from the second overtone of CO are determined with standard uncertainty below 500 Hz which corresponds to relative uncertainty below 3 × 10-12. The pressure shift of the Lamb dips, which has not been detected for these transitions in available literature data, is observed.
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Zaborowski M, Słowiński M, Stankiewicz K, Thibault F, Cygan A, Jóźwiak H, Kowzan G, Masłowski P, Nishiyama A, Stolarczyk N, Wójtewicz S, Ciuryło R, Lisak D, Wcisło P. Ultrahigh finesse cavity-enhanced spectroscopy for accurate tests of quantum electrodynamics for molecules. Opt Lett 2020; 45:1603-1606. [PMID: 32235953 DOI: 10.1364/ol.389268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the most accurate, to the best of our knowledge, measurement of the position of the weak quadrupole S(2) 2-0 line in $ {{\rm D}_2} $D2. The spectra were collected with a frequency-stabilized cavity ringdown spectrometer (FS-CRDS) with an ultrahigh finesse optical cavity ($ {\cal F} = 637 000 $F=637000) and operating in the frequency-agile, rapid scanning spectroscopy (FARS) mode. Despite working in the Doppler-limited regime, we reached 40 kHz of statistical uncertainty and 161 kHz of absolute accuracy, achieving the highest accuracy for homonuclear isotopologues of molecular hydrogen. The accuracy of our measurement corresponds to the fifth significant digit of the leading term in quantum electrodynamics (QED) correction. We observe $ 2.3\sigma $2.3σ discrepancy with the recent theoretical value.
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Gummer SL, Evans M, Cygan A, Osborne D, Griffiths HJ, Lee H, Self JE. Evaluating the impact of information and support for people with nystagmus in the digital age: A patient and carer questionnaire study. Curr Eye Res 2019; 45:713-717. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1696978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Gummer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M. Evans
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A. Cygan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - D. Osborne
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - H. J. Griffiths
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology & Orthoptics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - H. Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J. E. Self
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Cygan A, Wcisło P, Wójtewicz S, Kowzan G, Zaborowski M, Charczun D, Bielska K, Trawiński RS, Ciuryło R, Masłowski P, Lisak D. High-accuracy and wide dynamic range frequency-based dispersion spectroscopy in an optical cavity. Opt Express 2019; 27:21810-21821. [PMID: 31510251 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.021810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A spectroscopic method free from systematic errors is desired for many challenging applications of gas detection. Although existing cavity-enhanced techniques exhibit very high precision, their accuracy strongly depends on propagation of the light amplitude through an optical system and its detection. Here, we demonstrate that the frequency-based molecular dispersion spectroscopy, involving sub-Hz-level precision in frequency measurements of optical cavity resonances, leads to sub-per-mille accuracy and a wide dynamic range, both previously unattainable by any other spectroscopic technique. The method offers great sensitivity of 5×10-11 cm-1, high speed, limited only by the fundamental response time of the cavity, and traceability of both axes of the spectrum to the primary frequency standard. All these features are necessary for convenient realization of comprehensive molecular spectroscopy from Doppler up to collisional regime without changing the spectroscopic method and modification of the experimental setup. Moreover, the presented approach does not require linear, high-bandwidth nor phase-sensitive detectors and can be directly implemented in existing cavity-enhanced spectrometers utilizing either continuous-wave or coherent broadband radiation. We experimentally prove the predominance of frequency-based spectroscopy over intensity-based one. Our results motivate replacement of intensity-based absorption spectroscopy with a pure frequency-based dispersion one in applications where the highest accuracy is required.
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Kowzan G, Charczun D, Cygan A, Trawiński RS, Lisak D, Masłowski P. Broadband Optical Cavity Mode Measurements at Hz-Level Precision With a Comb-Based VIPA Spectrometer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8206. [PMID: 31160670 PMCID: PMC6547875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical frequency comb spectrometers open up new avenues of investigation into molecular structure and dynamics thanks to their accuracy, sensitivity and broadband, high-speed operation. We combine broadband direct frequency comb spectroscopy with a dispersive spectrometer providing single-spectrum acquisition time of a few tens of milliseconds and high spectral resolution. We interleave a few tens of such comb-resolved spectra to obtain profiles of 14-kHz wide cavity resonances and determine their positions with precision of a few hertz. To the best of our knowledge, these are the most precise and highest resolution spectral measurements performed with a broadband spectrometer, either comb-based or non-comb-based. This result pushes the limits of broadband comb-based spectroscopy to Hz-level regime. As a demonstration of these capabilities, we perform simultaneous cavity-enhanced measurements of molecular absorption and dispersion, deriving the gas spectra from cavity mode widths and positions. Such approach is particularly important for gas metrology and was made possible by the Hz-level resolution of the system. The presented method should be especially applicable to monitoring of chemical kinetics in, for example, plasma discharges or measurements of narrow resonances in cold atoms and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kowzan
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Dominik Charczun
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Agata Cygan
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ryszard S Trawiński
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Daniel Lisak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Piotr Masłowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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Cygan A, Wójtewicz S, Kowzan G, Zaborowski M, Wcisło P, Nawrocki J, Krehlik P, Śliwczyński Ł, Lipiński M, Masłowski P, Ciuryło R, Lisak D. Absolute molecular transition frequencies measured by three cavity-enhanced spectroscopy techniques. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:214202. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4952651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Abe H, Lisak D, Cygan A, Ciuryło R. Note: Reliable, robust measurement system for trace moisture in gas at parts-per-trillion levels using cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:106110. [PMID: 26521007 DOI: 10.1063/1.4934976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple, robust cavity ring-down spectroscopy system to reliably measure trace moisture in gases at parts-per-trillion (ppt) levels. The performance of the system was evaluated on the basis of experiments performed in a manner traceable to the International System of Units. The obtained result was in good agreement with the primary trace-moisture standard at 12 nmol/mol (12 ppb) in N2 in amount-of-substance fraction. Measurement capability of residual moisture in high-purity dry N2 at ∼130 pmol/mol (130 ppt) was demonstrated, and background noise of 5.3 × 10(-12) cm(-1) was attained, corresponding to a minimum detectable H2O of 5 pmol/mol (5 ppt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Abe
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), AIST, Tsukuba Central 3, Tsukuba 305-8563, Japan
| | - Daniel Lisak
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Agata Cygan
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Roman Ciuryło
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Cygan A, Wcisło P, Wójtewicz S, Masłowski P, Hodges JT, Ciuryło R, Lisak D. One-dimensional frequency-based spectroscopy. Opt Express 2015; 23:14472-14486. [PMID: 26072808 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.014472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in optical metrology have tremendously improved the precision and accuracy of the horizontal (frequency) axis in measured spectra. However, the vertical (typically absorbance) axis is usually based on intensity measurements that are subject to instrumental errors which limit the spectrum accuracy. Here we report a one-dimensional spectroscopy that uses only the measured frequencies of high-finesse cavity modes to provide complete information about the dispersive properties of the spectrum. Because this technique depends solely on the measurement of frequencies or their differences, it is insensitive to systematic errors in the detection of light intensity and has the potential to become the most accurate of all absorptive and dispersive spectroscopic methods. The experimental results are compared to measurements by two other high-precision cavity-enhanced spectroscopy methods. We expect that the proposed technique will have significant impact in fields such as fundamental physics, gas metrology and environmental remote sensing.
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Bui TQ, Long DA, Cygan A, Sironneau VT, Hogan DW, Rupasinghe PM, Ciuryło R, Lisak D, Okumura M. Observations of Dicke narrowing and speed dependence in air-broadened CO₂ lineshapes near 2.06 μm. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:174301. [PMID: 25381508 DOI: 10.1063/1.4900502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy was used to study CO2 lineshapes in the (20013) ← (00001) band centered near 2.06 μm. Two rovibrational transitions were chosen for this study to measure non-Voigt collisional effects for air-broadened lines over the pressure range of 7 kPa-28 kPa. Lineshape analysis for both lines revealed evidence of simultaneous Dicke (collisional) narrowing and speed-dependent effects that would introduce biases exceeding 2% in the retrieved air-broadening parameters if not incorporated in the modeling of CO2 lineshapes. Additionally, correlations between velocity- and phase/state changing collisions greatly reduced the observed Dicke narrowing effect. As a result, it was concluded that the most appropriate line profile for modeling CO2 lineshapes near 2.06 μm was the correlated speed-dependent Nelkin-Ghatak profile, which includes all of the physical effects mentioned above and leads to a consistent set of line shape parameters that are linear with gas pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinh Q Bui
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - David A Long
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Agata Cygan
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Vincent T Sironneau
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Daniel W Hogan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Priyanka M Rupasinghe
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Roman Ciuryło
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Daniel Lisak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Mitchio Okumura
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Jakubiec D, Kornafel D, Cygan A, Górska-Kłęk L, Chromik K. Lifestyle of students from different universities in Wroclaw, Poland. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2015; 66:337-344. [PMID: 26656415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in the economic and political system that took place in Poland in recent decades had a significant impact on lifestyles of different social groups, especially in youngsters as vulnerable and open to all novelty and changes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the healthy or non-healthy behaviours including physical activity, diet, time devoted for sleeping, leisure, stress and the use of drugs by students of four universities in Wroclaw. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 604 students (305 women and 299 men) from four universities in Wroclaw: University of Wroclaw - 25.0%, Wroclaw University of Technology - 24.5%, University School of Physical Education (AWF) - 25.2% and Wroclaw Medical University - 25.3%. A questionnaire developed for this study was used. The questions were both open and closed, one or multiple answers could be matched. The questions related to: physical activity, nutrition, time devoted for sleeping, leisure, stress and stimulants. RESULTS On the basis of the results it was found that students mostly reported an average level of physical activity. The highest level of physical activity was presented by students of the University School of Physical Education and the lowest by students of the University of Wroclaw. Just one in ten students consumed meals on a regular basis, including one in five studying in the AWF. Almost half of the respondents (48.7%) spent 5-7 hours sleeping. Every tenth student slept less than five hours. Most respondents preferred passive forms of recreation, only one in three practiced sports in their spare time (usually students of the AWF). Every fourth student declared smoking, and more than 90% consumed alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle of majority of the students surveyed did not follow the recommendations of preventive care. The need for more efficient education of students is obvious, which will lead to the future positive changes in their lifestyle, reducing the risk of lifestyle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Jakubiec
- Department of Human Biology, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Al. I. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Danuta Kornafel
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Lower Silesia, Strzegomska 55, 53-611 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Cygan
- Department of Human Biology, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Al. I. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lucyna Górska-Kłęk
- Department of Human Biology, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Al. I. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystyna Chromik
- Unit of Physical Anthropology, University School of Physical Education, Al. I. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
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Cygan A, Lisak D, Morzyński P, Bober M, Zawada M, Pazderski E, Ciuryło R. Cavity mode-width spectroscopy with widely tunable ultra narrow laser. Opt Express 2013; 21:29744-29754. [PMID: 24514525 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.029744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We explore a cavity-enhanced spectroscopic technique based on determination of the absorbtion coefficient from direct measurement of spectral width of the mode of the optical cavity filled with absorbing medium. This technique called here the cavity mode-width spectroscopy (CMWS) is complementary to the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). While both these techniques use information on interaction time of the light with the cavity to determine absorption coefficient, the CMWS does not require to measure very fast signals at high absorption conditions. Instead the CMWS method require a very narrow line width laser with precise frequency control. As an example a spectral line shape of P7 Q6 O₂ line from the B-band was measured with use of an ultra narrow laser system based on two phase-locked external cavity diode lasers (ECDL) having tunability of ± 20 GHz at wavelength range of 687 to 693 nm.
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Domysławska J, Wójtewicz S, Cygan A, Bielska K, Lisak D, Masłowski P, Trawiński RS, Ciuryło R. Low-pressure line-shape study in molecular oxygen with absolute frequency reference. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:194312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4830219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Truong GW, Long DA, Cygan A, Lisak D, van Zee RD, Hodges JT. Comb-linked, cavity ring-down spectroscopy for measurements of molecular transition frequencies at the kHz-level. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:094201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4792372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Domysławska J, Wójtewicz S, Lisak D, Cygan A, Ozimek F, Stec K, Radzewicz C, Trawiński RS, Ciuryło R. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy of the oxygen B-band with absolute frequency reference to the optical frequency comb. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:024201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3675903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cygan A, Lisak D, Masłowski P, Bielska K, Wójtewicz S, Domysławska J, Trawiński RS, Ciuryło R, Abe H, Hodges JT. Pound-Drever-Hall-locked, frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectrometer. Review of Scientific Instruments 2011; 82:063107. [PMID: 21721674 DOI: 10.1063/1.3595680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe a high sensitivity and high spectral resolution laser absorption spectrometer based upon the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS) technique. We used the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) method to lock the probe laser to the high-finesse ring-down cavity. We show that the concomitant narrowing of the probe laser line width leads to dramatically increased ring-down event acquisition rates (up to 14.3 kHz), improved spectrum signal-to-noise ratios for weak O(2) absorption spectra at λ = 687 nm and substantial increase in spectrum acquisition rates compared to implementations of FS-CRDS that do not incorporate high-bandwidth locking techniques. The minimum detectable absorption coefficient and the noise-equivalent absorption coefficient for the spectrometer are about 2×10(-10) cm(-1) and 7.5×10(-11) cm(-1)Hz(-1/2), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cygan
- Instytut Fizyki, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, ul. Grudziadzka 5/7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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