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Kimura M, Yokoyama A, Higuchi S. Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 as a therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:955-966. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1690454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kimura
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Yokoyama
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
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Dinavahi SS, Bazewicz CG, Gowda R, Robertson GP. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors for Cancer Therapeutics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:774-789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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103
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Environmental Risk Factors of Pancreatic Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091427. [PMID: 31510046 PMCID: PMC6780233 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advancement in medical knowledge that has improved the survival rate of many cancers, the survival rate of pancreatic cancer has remained dismal with a five-year survival rate of only 9%. The poor survival of pancreatic cancer emphasizes the urgent need to identify the causes or the risk factors of pancreatic cancer in order to establish effective preventive strategies. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding the environmental (non-genetic, including lifestyle, and clinical factors) risk factors of pancreatic cancer. Based on the current evidence, the established risk factors of pancreatic cancer are cigarette smoking, chronic diabetes, and obesity. Other strong risk factors include low consumption of fruits and vegetables, excess consumption of alcohol, poor oral hygiene, and the lack of allergy history. In the future, more studies are needed to identify additional risk factors of pancreatic cancer, especially the modifiable risk factors that could be included in a public health campaign to educate the public in order to reduce the incidence of pancreatic cancer.
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104
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Li J, Guo C, Lu X, Tan W. Anti-colorectal cancer biotargets and biological mechanisms of puerarin: Study of molecular networks. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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105
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Disulfiram’s anti-cancer activity reflects targeting NPL4, not inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Oncogene 2019; 38:6711-6722. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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106
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Gao Y, Zhou Z, Ren T, Kim SJ, He Y, Seo W, Guillot A, Ding Y, Wu R, Shao S, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang W, Feng D, Xu M, Han E, Zhong W, Zhou Z, Pacher P, Niu J, Gao B. Alcohol inhibits T-cell glucose metabolism and hepatitis in ALDH2-deficient mice and humans: roles of acetaldehyde and glucocorticoids. Gut 2019; 68:1311-1322. [PMID: 30121625 PMCID: PMC6582747 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a key enzyme to detoxify acetaldehyde in the liver, exists in both active and inactive forms in humans. Individuals with inactive ALDH2 accumulate acetaldehyde after alcohol consumption. However, how acetaldehyde affects T-cell hepatitis remains unknown. DESIGN Wild-type (WT) and Aldh2 knockout (Aldh2-/-) mice were subjected to chronic ethanol feeding and concanavalin A (ConA)-induced T-cell hepatitis. Effects of acetaldehyde on T-cell glucose metabolism were investigated in vitro. Human subjects were recruited for binge drinking and plasma cortisol and corticosterone measurement. RESULTS Ethanol feeding exacerbated ConA-induced hepatitis in WT mice but surprisingly attenuated it in Aldh2-/- mice despite higher acetaldehyde levels in Aldh2-/- mice. Elevation of serum cytokines and their downstream signals in the liver post-ConA injection was attenuated in ethanol-fed Aldh2-/- mice compared to WT mice. In vitro exposure to acetaldehyde inhibited ConA-induced production of several cytokines without affecting their mRNAs in mouse splenocytes. Acetaldehyde also attenuated interferon-γ production in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral lymphocytes. Mechanistically, acetaldehyde interfered with glucose metabolism in T cells by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis-related signal pathways. Finally, compared to WT mice, ethanol-fed Aldh2-/- mice had higher levels of serum corticosterone, a well-known factor that inhibits aerobic glycolysis. Blockade of corticosterone partially restored ConA-mediated hepatitis in ethanol-fed Aldh2-/- mice. Acute alcohol drinking elevated plasma cortisol and corticosterone levels in human subjects with higher levels in those with inactive ALDH2 than those with active ALDH2. CONCLUSIONS ALDH2 deficiency is associated with elevated acetaldehyde and glucocorticoids post-alcohol consumption, thereby inhibiting T-cell activation and hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhang Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tianyi Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Seung-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanhua Ding
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruihong Wu
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Shao
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elaine Han
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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ALDH2 Repression Promotes Lung Tumor Progression via Accumulated Acetaldehyde and DNA Damage. Neoplasia 2019; 21:602-614. [PMID: 31071657 PMCID: PMC6506700 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The major role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family (ALDH2) is to detoxify acetaldehyde (ACE) to non-toxic acetic acid. Many evidences suggest that ALDH2 dysfunction contributes to a variety of human diseases including cancer. However, the biological function and molecular mechanism of ALDH2 in tumor progression remain elusive. In this study, we found that ALDH2 repression was associated with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Overexpression of ALDH2 inhibited malignant features of lung adenocarcinoma cells, such as proliferation, stemness and migration, whereas ALDH2 knockdown increased these features. Mechanistically, ALDH2 repression led to accumulation of ACE; whereas ACE enhanced the migration features of lung adenocarcinoma cells, which was associated with increased DNA damage. Importantly, accumulated ACE and increased DNA damage were identified in Aldh2-knockout (KO) mouse lung tissues in vivo. Consistent with this concept, treatment of lung adenocarcinoma cells with ALDH2 agonist Alda-1 suppressed the proliferation, stemness and migration features of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Thus, activating ALDH2, such as via its agonist, may provide a novel strategy for treatment of lung cancer.
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Hsiao JR, Lee WT, Ou CY, Huang CC, Chang CC, Tsai ST, Chen KC, Huang JS, Wong TY, Lai YH, Wu YH, Hsueh WT, Wu SY, Yen CJ, Chang JY, Lin CL, Weng YL, Yang HC, Chen YS, Chang JS. Validation of Alcohol Flushing Questionnaire to Identify ALDH2 Status in a Case-Control Study of Head and Neck Cancer. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1225-1233. [PMID: 30977906 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carriers of the ALDH2*2 allele have impaired alcohol metabolism and are more susceptible to the development of alcohol-related cancers, including head and neck cancer (HNC). Screening for ALDH2*2 allele may identify high-risk individuals for alcohol health education. Although genotyping of ALDH2 is the most accurate way to identify ALDH2 deficiency, it may not be practical due to the cost and requirement for genotyping service. METHODS This study evaluated the accuracy of the alcohol flushing questionnaire to identify ALDH2 deficiency in a case-control study of HNC conducted in Taiwan using data collected from 904 patients with HNC and 1,078 controls. RESULTS Overall, alcohol flushing questionnaire had a high sensitivity (89%) of identifying ALDH2*2 carriers among the control subjects and a good sensitivity (79%) among the patients with HNC. The sensitivity of the alcohol flushing questionnaire in identifying ALDH2*2 carriers was affected by alcohol use, with a lower sensitivity among individuals who consumed alcohol, particularly among current regular (drinking alcohol once per week or more) alcohol drinkers. CONCLUSIONS The current validation study showed that the alcohol flushing questionnaire may be a reasonable method to identify ALDH2-deficient individuals. However, current regular users of alcohol who reported no alcohol flushing may need to undergo genotyping of ALDH2 for a more accurate assessment of the ALDH2 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Ou
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Chi Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Tien Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Chung Chen
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jehn-Shyun Huang
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yiu Wong
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hua Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Hsueh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yin Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lin Lin
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Weng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chien Yang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey S Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
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Matsushita H, Takaki A. Alcohol and hepatocellular carcinoma. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2019; 6:e000260. [PMID: 31139422 PMCID: PMC6505979 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2018-000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer because it induces hepatocellular carcinoma (among other cancers) in humans. An excessive alcohol intake may result in fatty liver, acute/chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis and eventually lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. It has been reported that alcohol abuse increases the relative risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by 3- to 10-fold. Aim and Methods To clarify the known mechanisms of alcohol-related carcinogenesis, we searched Pubmed using the terms alcohol and immune mechanism, alcohol and cancer, and immune mechanism and cancer and summarized the articles as a qualitative review. Results From a clinical perspective, it is well known that alcohol interacts with other factors, such as smoking, viral hepatitis, and diabetes, leading to an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. There are several possible mechanisms through which alcohol may induce liver carcinogenicity, including the mutagenic effects of acetaldehyde and the production of ROS due to the excessive hepatic deposition of iron. Furthermore, it has been reported that alcohol accelerates hepatitis C virus-induced liver tumorigenesis through TLR4 signaling. Despite intense investigations to elucidate the mechanisms, they remain poorly understood. Conclusion This review summarizes the recent findings of clinical and pathological studies that have investigated the carcinogenic effects of alcohol in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsushita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akinobu Takaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new ALDH2 activators. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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111
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Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the association between ALDH2 gene rs671G>A polymorphism and various cancer type in Asians. However, the results remain inconclusive.We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis including 63 articles with 66 studies containing 25,682 cases and 47,455 controls retrieved by searching PubMed and Embase electronic databases up to March 5, 2018.Pooled results indicated that ALDH2 gene rs671 polymorphism was significantly associated with the overall cancer risk in Asians (homozygous model: odds ratio [OR] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.72-0.99, P = .042; heterozygous model: OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.14-1.52, P < .001; recessive model: OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.60-0.88, P = .001; dominant model: OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.16-1.51, P < .001; and allele comparison model: OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.03-1.19, P = .004), especially in esophageal cancer and among the Chinese and the Japanese.Our results suggest that ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism is associated with the overall cancer risk in Asians. Well-designed prospective studies with more information about gene-environment interaction, such as drinking, should be conducted to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lin Ma
- Department of Respiration
| | | | - Shanggan Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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112
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Munukutla S, Pan G, Palaniyandi SS. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 in Diabetic Heart Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1193:155-174. [PMID: 31368103 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6260-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A major pathophysiological mechanism behind the development of diabetic heart diseases is oxidative stress mediated by toxic reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE). Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 is a mitochondrial enzyme that has been found to detoxify these deleterious aldehydes and thereby mitigate cardiac damage. Furthermore, its protective role in cellular signaling reverses aberrations caused by hyperglycemia, thereby protecting cardiac function. This chapter assesses the role of ALDH2 in diabetic heart diseases by examining preclinical studies where ALDH2 activity is perturbed in both decreased and increased directions. In doing so, issues in improving ALDH2 activity in select human populations are elucidated, and further research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikar Munukutla
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Guodong Pan
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Suresh S Palaniyandi
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Aldehyde-Induced DNA and Protein Adducts as Biomarker Tools for Alcohol Use Disorder. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:144-155. [PMID: 29422263 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) screening frequently involves questionnaires complemented by laboratory work to monitor alcohol use and/or evaluate AUD-associated complications. Here we suggest that measuring aldehyde-induced DNA and protein adducts produced during alcohol metabolism may lead to earlier detection of AUD and AUD-associated complications compared with existing biomarkers. Use of aldehyde-induced adducts to monitor AUD may also be important when considering that approximately 540 million people bear a genetic variant of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) predisposing this population to aldehyde-induced toxicity with alcohol use. We posit that measuring aldehyde-induced adducts may provide a means to improve precision medicine approaches, taking into account lifestyle choices and genetics to evaluate AUD and AUD-associated complications.
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Ohashi K, Pimienta M, Seki E. Alcoholic liver disease: A current molecular and clinical perspective. LIVER RESEARCH 2018; 2:161-172. [PMID: 31214376 PMCID: PMC6581514 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy alcohol use is the cause of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The ALD spectrum ranges from alcoholic steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. In Western countries, approximately 50% of cirrhosis-related deaths are due to alcohol use. While alcoholic cirrhosis is no longer considered a completely irreversible condition, no effective anti-fibrotic therapies are currently available. Another significant clinical aspect of ALD is alcoholic hepatitis (AH). AH is an acute inflammatory condition that is often comorbid with cirrhosis, and severe AH has a high mortality rate. Therapeutic options for ALD are limited. The established treatment for AH is corticosteroids, which improve short-term survival but do not affect long-term survival. Liver transplantation is a curative treatment option for alcoholic cirrhosis and AH, but patients must abstain from alcohol use for 6 months to qualify. Additional effective therapies are needed. The molecular mechanisms underlying ALD are complex and have not been fully elucidated. Various molecules, signaling pathways, and crosstalk between multiple hepatic and extrahepatic cells contribute to ALD progression. This review highlights established and emerging concepts in ALD clinicopathology, their underlying molecular mechanisms, and current and future ALD treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Ohashi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Pimienta
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Corresponding author. Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA., (E. Seki)
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Ishioka K, Masaoka H, Ito H, Oze I, Ito S, Tajika M, Shimizu Y, Niwa Y, Nakamura S, Matsuo K. Association between ALDH2 and ADH1B polymorphisms, alcohol drinking and gastric cancer: a replication and mediation analysis. Gastric Cancer 2018; 21:936-945. [PMID: 29616362 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-018-0823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2; rs671, Glu504Lys) and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B; rs1229984, His47Arg) polymorphisms have a strong impact on carcinogenic acetaldehyde accumulation after alcohol drinking. To date, however, evidence for a significant ALDH2-alcohol drinking interaction and a mediation effect of ALDH2/ADH1B through alcohol drinking on gastric cancer have remained unclear. We conducted two case-control studies to validate the interaction and to estimate the mediation effect on gastric cancer. METHODS We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ALDH2/ADH1B genotypes and alcohol drinking using conditional logistic regression models after adjustment for potential confounding in the HERPACC-2 (697 cases and 1372 controls) and HERPACC-3 studies (678 cases and 678 controls). We also conducted a mediation analysis of the combination of the two studies to assess whether the effects of these polymorphisms operated through alcohol drinking or through other pathways. RESULTS ALDH2 Lys alleles had a higher risk with increased alcohol consumption compared with ALDH2 Glu/Glu (OR for heavy drinking, 3.57; 95% CI 2.04-6.27; P for trend = 0.007), indicating a significant ALDH2-alcohol drinking interaction (Pinteraction = 0.024). The mediation analysis indicated a significant positive direct effect (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.38-2.03) and a protective indirect effect (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.76-0.92) of the ALDH2 Lys alleles with the ALDH2-alcohol drinking interaction. No significant association of ADH1B with gastric cancer was observed. CONCLUSION The observed ALDH2-alcohol drinking interaction and the direct effect of ALDH2 Lys alleles may suggest the involvement of acetaldehyde in the development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuka Ishioka
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Masaoka
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Seiji Ito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tajika
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Niwa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan. .,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Imatoh T, Yengo L, Rocheleau G, Kamimura S, Maeda S, Miyazaki M, Froguel P. ALDH2 Polymorphism rs671, but Not ADH1B Polymorphism rs1229984, Increases Risk for Hypo-HDL-Cholesterolemia in a/a Carriers Compared to the G/G Carriers. Lipids 2018; 53:797-807. [PMID: 30334266 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that polymorphisms within the gene-encoding enzymes related to alcohol metabolism are associated with levels of serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) in East Asian populations. We evaluated the effects of genetic variants within the aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) gene and the alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B) gene on changes in the lipid profile in an 11-year longitudinal study. We genotyped rs1229984 within ADH1B and rs671 within ALDH2. We combined the genetic data with longitudinal clinical and biochemical data from 2002 to 2013 and designed a retrospective longitudinal study of 1436 Japanese males. There were significant negative relationships between rs671 within ALDH2 and HDL-C levels according to multiple linear regression analysis. Next, we assessed the association between the development of hypo-HDL cholesterolemia and rs1229984 within ADH1B or rs671 within ALDH2. In logistic regression analysis, rs671 A allele homozygote carriers have 2.65 times higher risk of developing hypo-HDL cholesterolemia than G allele homozygote carriers. Even after adjusting for possible confounding factors, a significant association was observed. However, no association between rs1229984 within ADH1B and the development of hypo-HDL cholesterolemia was observed. Rs671 within ALDH2 but not rs1229984 within ADH1B was associated with lower HDL-C levels in Japanese males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Imatoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.,Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Loic Yengo
- Université de Lille 2, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Pôle recherche, 1 place de Verdun, Lille, 59045 Cedex, France
| | - Ghislain Rocheleau
- Université de Lille 2, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Pôle recherche, 1 place de Verdun, Lille, 59045 Cedex, France
| | - Seiichiro Kamimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Tenjin Clinic, 2-12-1, Tenjin, Chuou-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 810-0001, Japan
| | - Shiro Maeda
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Banchi Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 9030215, Japan.,Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, 207 Banchi Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 9030215, Japan
| | - Motonobu Miyazaki
- Saitama City Institute of Health Science and Research, 7-5-12, Suzuya, Chuou-ku, Saitama, 338-0013, Japan
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Université de Lille 2, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Pôle recherche, 1 place de Verdun, Lille, 59045 Cedex, France.,Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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117
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Kristina SA, Endarti D, Wiedyaningsih C, Yuliawati AN, Astyamalia S. Estimating the Burden of Cancer and Treatment Cost Related to Alcohol Consumption in Indonesia: a Descriptive Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1845-1849. [PMID: 30049196 PMCID: PMC6165643 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.7.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alcohol consumption has become one of the most common cancer risk factors after smoking. Nowadays, estimation of the burden of disease attributable to alcohol has become standard in documenting the impact of health problems, but it has been rarely performed in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to estimate treatment cost of cancer related to alcohol consumption among the Indonesian population. Methods: This research design was descriptive with a prevalence-based approach using secondary data. Proportions of cancers were calculated using an alcohol-attributable fractions (AAF) formula. Treatment costs for eight types of cancer were assessed according to average treatment cost per patient from the national universal health coverage database for 2016. Result: The top three AAFs for males were cancers of the pharynx, esophagus and larynx (17.5%, 15.3% and 7.98%, respectively), while in females they were cancers of the esophagus, pharynx and stomach (2.15%; 1.39%; 0.83%). Among the eight types of cancer studied, the highest incidence in males was noted for liver cancer (132 cases) while colorectal cancer was the most common among females (31 cases). Treatment cost for cancers related to alcohol consumption were highest for colorectak cancer followed by laryngeal and liver cancer (116,083, 98,325 and 93,253 USD, respectively. Conclusion: The expenditure for treatment of cancers related to alcohol consumption accounts for about 1.71% of total cancer treatment cost. Since cancers related to alcohol consumption can be considered having an economic impact in Indonesia, it becomes important for the government to control alcohol consumption so that related healthcare expenditure can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Ari Kristina
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.
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Yu C, Guo Y, Bian Z, Yang L, Millwood IY, Walters RG, Chen Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Lei Y, Chen J, Chen Z, Lv J, Li L. Association of low-activity ALDH2 and alcohol consumption with risk of esophageal cancer in Chinese adults: A population-based cohort study. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1652-1661. [PMID: 29707772 PMCID: PMC6175107 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Existing evidence remains inconclusive as to how the association between inactive ALDH2 and esophageal cancer (EC) depends on alcohol consumption. The study is based on the China Kadoorie Biobank cohort, with 10 years follow‐up of 0.5 million adults aged 30–79 years. ALDH2 activity was assessed by both self‐reported flushing response and Glu504Lys (rs671 G > A) polymorphism. Among both male and female participants who consumed alcohol less than weekly (n = 69,519; 211 EC cases), low active or inactive ALDH2 was not associated with increased EC risk [HRs (95% CIs): GA vs. GG 0.75 (0.54, 1.04); AA vs. GG 1.01 (0.46, 2.20)]. Among male weekly alcohol consumers, both flushing response [n = 59,380; 501 EC cases; HRs (95% CIs): “soon after drinking” vs. “no” flushing response 1.45 (1.05, 2.01)] and rs671 [n = 10,692; 94 EC cases; GA vs. GG 3.31 (1.94, 5.67)] were associated with EC risk. The increased EC risk associated with “soon” response or rs671 GA was apparent in men consuming alcohol ≥30g/d. Among male daily consumers, the HRs (95% CIs) for EC associated with 15g/d of alcohol were 1.28 (1.15, 1.44) for “soon” response [vs. other responses: 1.12 (1.09, 1.15); pinteraction = 0.047; n = 36,401, 425 EC cases] and 1.41 (1.08, 1.82) for rs671 GA [vs. GG: 1.16 (1.06, 1.27); pinteraction = 0.493; n = 6,607, 80 EC cases]. Self‐reported flushing response had low sensitivity (56.8%) and high specificity (88.4%) in identifying rs671 A allele among male weekly alcohol consumers. In conclusion, low‐activity ALDH2 was associated with increased EC risk among male heavy alcohol consumers. More accurate measurement of alcohol‐related EC risk allows better achievement of precision prevention. What's new? Acetaldehyde is a toxic metabolite considered a major cause of alcohol‐induced carcinogenesis. The key enzyme for acetaldehyde elimination is acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), and an association between ALDH2 genotype and EC risk that is dependent on alcohol consumption has been suggested. The evidence remains inconclusive, however. In this large prospective cohort of Chinese adults, the ALDH2 rs671 A allele was not associated with increased EC risk in the absence of alcohol consumption. The increased EC risk associated with low‐activity ALDH2, characterized as self‐reported flushing response or rs671 GA, was apparent in men consuming alcohol ≥30g/day, but not among light‐to‐moderate consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Chen
- Hainan Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Maiji Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Tianshui, Gansu, China
| | - Yulong Lei
- Maiji Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Tianshui, Gansu, China
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ma X, Luo Q, Zhu H, Liu X, Dong Z, Zhang K, Zou Y, Wu J, Ge J, Sun A. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activation ameliorates CCl 4 -induced chronic liver fibrosis in mice by up-regulating Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3965-3978. [PMID: 29799157 PMCID: PMC6050510 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is critical in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. However, the effect of ALHD2 on liver fibrosis remains to be further elucidated. This study aimed to demonstrate whether ALDH2 regulates carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver fibrosis and to investigate the efficacy of Alda‐1, a specific activator of ALDH2, on attenuating liver fibrosis. ALDH2 expression was increased after chronic CCl4 exposure. ALDH2 deficiency accentuated CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis in mice, accompanied by increased expression of collagen 1α1, α‐SMA and TIMP‐1. Moreover, ALDH2 knockout triggered more ROS generation, hepatocyte apoptosis and impaired mitophagy after CCl4 treatment. In cultured HSC‐T6 cells, ALDH2 knockdown by transfecting with lentivirus vector increased ROS generation and α‐SMA expression in an in vitro hepatocyte fibrosis model using TGF‐β1. ALDH2 overexpression by lentivirus or activation by Alda‐1 administration partly reversed the effect of TGF‐β1, whereas ALDH2 knockdown totally blocked the protective effect of Alda‐1. Furthermore, Alda‐1 administration protected against liver fibrosis in vivo, which might be mediated through up‐regulation of Nrf2/HO‐1 cascade and activation of Parkin‐related mitophagy. These findings indicate that ALDH2 deficiency aggravated CCl4‐induced hepatic fibrosis through ROS overproduction, increased apoptosis and mitochondrial damage, whereas ALDH2 activation through Alda‐1 administration alleviated hepatic fibrosis partly through activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 antioxidant pathway and Parkin‐related mitophagy, which indicate ALDH2 as a promising anti‐fibrotic target and Alda‐1 as a potential therapeutic agent in treating CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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120
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Abstract
The United States has the most expensive healthcare system worldwide. Yet measures of health span and life expectancy are well below the major industrialized nations. With the U.S. population aged 65 years and older projected to double by mid-century, a healthcare crisis is looming. Within this context, huge interest and investment have emerged in technologies and drugs to address aging with an expected benefit to health span. The thesis being that such basic interventions will reduce morbidity caused by many chronic diseases wherein biological age itself is the major risk factor. In the light of limited progress to date, a recent study out of the Harvard School of Public Health is quite refreshing: less than half dozen lifestyle interventions can greatly increase health span. Perhaps these are familiar: cessation of smoking, ≥30 minutes of moderate daily exercise, high-quality diet (limited processed food), modest alcohol intake, and maintenance of an optimal body mass index of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2. From age 50 years, women engaging in all of these behaviors versus those who do zero can expect to have a life expectancy of 43.1 additional years (an extra 14 years) with men gaining 37.6 years (an extra 12.2 years). A regimen to extend life expectancy is at hand. However, there is room for optimization by including the effects of sleep, intermittent fasting, and/or caloric restriction. Moreover, the extension of life expectancy by adherence to a healthy lifestyle revises the health span threshold for antiaging treatments under development and should provide a better set of controls for clinical trials investigating novel treatments of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Larrick
- 1 Panorama Research Institute , Sunnyvale, California.,2 Regenerative Sciences Institute , Sunnyvale, California
| | - Andrew R Mendelsohn
- 1 Panorama Research Institute , Sunnyvale, California.,2 Regenerative Sciences Institute , Sunnyvale, California
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121
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Zhong Z, Hou J, Li B, Zhang Q, Li C, Liu Z, Yang M, Zhong W, Zhao P. Genetic Polymorphisms of the Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ALDH2 Gene in a Large Ethnic Hakka Population in Southern China. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:2038-2044. [PMID: 29623947 PMCID: PMC5903313 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) plays a critical role in the detoxification of the ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde. The ALDH2*2 (rs671) gene variant is mainly absent among Europeans but is prevalent in populations in East Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate ALDH2*2 mutant alleles and genotype frequencies in the Hakka population of China. Material/Methods Between January 2016 and June 2017, 7,966 unrelated individuals were recruited into the study from the Hakka ethnic population residing in the Meizhou area of Guangdong Province, China, who provided venous blood samples. Genotyping of ALDH2 genotypes were determined using a gene chip platform and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Results In the 7,966 individuals from the Hakka population of China in this study, the frequencies of the ALDH2 genotypes *1/*1, *1/*2 and *2/*2 were 52.03%, 39.67%, and 8.30%, respectively; 47.97% of the individuals were found to carry the ALDH2*2 genotype, which was associated with a deficiency in the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) enzyme activity. The frequency of the ALDH2*2 allele was lower than that previously reported in the Japanese population but higher than that reported in other Oriental populations. Conclusions The findings of this study have provided new information on the ALDH2 gene polymorphisms in the Hakka ethnic population residing in the Meizhou area of Guangdong Province, China, including an understanding of the origin of the atypical ALDH2*2 allele. Also, the study findings may be relevant to the primary care of patients in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Zhong
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jingyuan Hou
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Cunren Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Min Yang
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Pingsen Zhao
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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122
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Chen Y, Zhu JY, Ho Hong K, Mikles DC, Georg GI, Goldstein AS, Amory JK, Schönbrunn E. Structural Basis of ALDH1A2 Inhibition by Irreversible and Reversible Small Molecule Inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:582-590. [PMID: 29240402 PMCID: PMC6089219 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes of the ALDH1A subfamily of aldehyde dehydrogenases are crucial in regulating retinoic acid (RA) signaling and have received attention as potential drug targets. ALDH1A2 is the primary RA-synthesizing enzyme in mammalian spermatogenesis and is therefore considered a viable drug target for male contraceptive development. However, only a small number of ALDH1A2 inhibitors have been reported, and information on the structure of ALDH1A2 was limited to the NAD-liganded enzyme void of substrate or inhibitors. Herein, we describe the mechanism of action of structurally unrelated reversible and irreversible inhibitors of human ALDH1A2 using direct binding studies and X-ray crystallography. All inhibitors bind to the active sites of tetrameric ALDH1A2. Compound WIN18,446 covalently reacts with the side chain of the catalytic residue Cys320, resulting in a chiral adduct in ( R) configuration. The covalent adduct directly affects the neighboring NAD molecule, which assumes a contracted conformation suboptimal for the dehydrogenase reaction. The reversible inhibitors interact predominantly through direct hydrogen bonding interactions with residues in the vicinity of Cys320 without affecting NAD. Upon interaction with inhibitors, a large flexible loop assumes regular structure, thereby shielding the active site from solvent. The precise knowledge of the binding modes provides a new framework for the rational design of novel inhibitors of ALDH1A2 with improved potency and selectivity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Jin-Yi Zhu
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
- Present Address Dart Neuroscience, San Diego, CA 92131, USA
| | - Kwon Ho Hong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - David C. Mikles
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Gunda I. Georg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | | | - John K Amory
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ernst Schönbrunn
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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Gelernter J, Zhou H, Nuñez YZ, Mutirangura A, Malison RT, Kalayasiri R. Genomewide Association Study of Alcohol Dependence and Related Traits in a Thai Population. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:861-868. [PMID: 29460428 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use (both quantity and dependence) is moderately heritable, and genomewide association studies (GWAS) have identified risk genes in European, African, and Asian populations. The most reproducibly identified risk genes affect alcohol metabolism. Well-known functional variants at the gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase B and other alcohol dehydrogenases affect risk in European and African ancestry populations. Similarly, variants mapped to these same genes and a well-known null variant that maps to the gene that encodes aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) also affect risk in various Asian populations. In this study, we completed the first GWAS for 3 traits related to alcohol use in a Thai population recruited initially for studies of methamphetamine dependence. METHODS All subjects were evaluated with the Thai version of the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA). A total of 1,045 subjects were available for analysis. Three traits were analyzed: flushing, maximum number of alcoholic beverages consumed in any lifetime 24-hour period ("MAXDRINKS"), and DSM-IV alcohol dependence criterion count. We also conducted a pleiotropy analysis with major depression, the only other psychiatric trait where summary statistics from a large-scale Asian-population GWAS are available. RESULTS All 3 traits showed genomewide significant association with variants near ALDH2, with significance ranging from 2.01 × 10-14 (for flushing; lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) PTPN11* rs143894582) to pmeta = 5.80 × 10-10 (for alcohol dependence criterion count; lead SNP rs149212747). These lead SNPs flank rs671 and span a region of over a megabase, illustrating the need for prior biological information in identifying the actual effect SNP, rs671. We also identified significant pleiotropy between major depression and flushing. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with prior findings in Asian populations and add new information regarding alcohol use-depression pleiotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry , VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Departments of Genetics and Neuroscience , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry , VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yaira Z Nuñez
- Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry , VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Department of Anatomy , Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert T Malison
- Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit , Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rasmon Kalayasiri
- Department of Psychiatry , King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Psychiatry , Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a genetic disorder that is characterized by bone marrow failure (BMF), developmental abnormalities and predisposition to cancer. Together with other proteins involved in DNA repair processes and cell division, the FA proteins maintain genome homeostasis, and germline mutation of any one of the genes that encode FA proteins causes FA. Monoallelic inactivation of some FA genes, such as FA complementation group D1 (FANCD1; also known as the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2), leads to adult-onset cancer predisposition but does not cause FA, and somatic mutations in FA genes occur in cancers in the general population. Carcinogenesis resulting from a dysregulated FA pathway is multifaceted, as FA proteins monitor multiple complementary genome-surveillance checkpoints throughout interphase, where monoubiquitylation of the FANCD2-FANCI heterodimer by the FA core complex promotes recruitment of DNA repair effectors to chromatin lesions to resolve DNA damage and mitosis. In this Review, we discuss how the FA pathway safeguards genome integrity throughout the cell cycle and show how studies of FA have revealed opportunities to develop rational therapeutics for this genetic disease and for malignancies that acquire somatic mutations within the FA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Nalepa
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W Walnut Street, R4-421, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room 5900, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - D Wade Clapp
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room 5900, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
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Transcriptome analysis and prognosis of ALDH isoforms in human cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2713. [PMID: 29426835 PMCID: PMC5807355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of ALDH is associated with cancer stem-like features and poor cancer prognosis. High ALDH activity has been observed in cancer stem-like cells. There are a total of 19 human ALDH isoforms, all of which are associated with reducing oxidative stress and protecting cells from damage. However, it is unknown whether all ALDHs are associated with poor cancer prognosis and which ones play a significant role in cancer progression. In this study, we used RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to evaluate the differential expression of 19 ALDH isoforms in 5 common human cancers. The 19 ALDH genes were analyzed with an integrating meta-analysis of cancer prognosis. Genotyping and next-generation RNA sequencing for 30 pairwise samples of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were performed and compared with the TCGA cohort. The analysis showed that each ALDH isoform had a specific differential expression pattern, most of which were related to prognosis in human cancer. A lower expression of ALDH2 in the tumor was observed, which was independent from the ALDH2 rs671 SNP variant and the expression of other mitochondria-associated protein coding genes. This study provides new insight into the association between ALDH expression and cancer prognosis.
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Rossi M, Jahanzaib Anwar M, Usman A, Keshavarzian A, Bishehsari F. Colorectal Cancer and Alcohol Consumption-Populations to Molecules. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E38. [PMID: 29385712 PMCID: PMC5836070 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, being the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the world. Several environmental and habitual factors have been associated with the CRC risk. Alcohol intake, a common and rising habit of modern society, is one of the major risk factors for development of CRC. Here, we will summarize the evidence linking alcohol with colon carcinogenesis and possible underlying mechanisms. Some epidemiologic studies suggest that even moderate drinking increases the CRC risk. Metabolism of alcohol involves ethanol conversion to its metabolites that could exert carcinogenic effects in the colon. Production of ethanol metabolites can be affected by the colon microbiota, another recently recognized mediating factor to colon carcinogenesis. The generation of acetaldehyde and alcohol's other metabolites leads to activation of cancer promoting cascades, such as DNA-adduct formation, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, epigenetic alterations, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune modulatory effects. Not only does alcohol induce its toxic effect through carcinogenic metabolites, but alcoholics themselves are predisposed to a poor diet, low in folate and fiber, and circadian disruption, which could further augment alcohol-induced colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rossi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Muhammad Jahanzaib Anwar
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Ahmad Usman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Shinomiya H, Shinomiya H, Kubo M, Saito Y, Yoshida M, Ando M, Teshima M, Otsuki N, Kiyota N, Sasaki R, Nibu KI. Prognostic value of ALDH2 polymorphism for patients with oropharyngeal cancer in a Japanese population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187992. [PMID: 29206831 PMCID: PMC5716598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Half of Japanese possess a polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2), while few white individuals possess this mutation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of ALDH2 polymorphism as a prognostic factor for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) among Japanese population. Methods We analyzed 82 Japanese patients with OPC treated between 2006 and 2011. The median observation period was 50 months. P16-staining and ALDH2 polymorphisms were investigated. To examine the frequencies of second primary pharyngeal and esophageal cancers (SPPEC),37 Japanese patients with OPC treated at Tokyo University Hospital were included for statistical analysis. Results Statistically significant differences were noted in OS among sex, age, N classification, and p16 (p = 0.045, 0.024, 0.020, 0.007, respectively). In addition, OS and DSS rates of the patients with heterozygous ALDH2 tended to be worse than those of the patients with homozygous ALDH2 (p = 0.21, 0.086, respectively). Of note, OS and DSS of the patients with p16-negative OPC and heterozygous ALDH2 was significant poorer than those of the patients with p16-positive OPC (p = 0.002, 0.006, respectively), while there was no significant difference in OS and DSS between patients with p16-positive OPC and patients with p16-negative OPC and homozygous ALDH2. Conclusions ALDH2 polymorphism might be a promising prognostic factor for Japanese patients with p16-negative OPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Shinomiya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail: (HS); (KIN)
| | - Hitomi Shinomiya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mie Kubo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery-Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yoshida
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery-Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuo Ando
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery-Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Teshima
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoki Otsuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naomi Kiyota
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sasaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Nibu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail: (HS); (KIN)
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Huang CC, Hsiao JR, Lee WT, Lee YC, Ou CY, Chang CC, Lu YC, Huang JS, Wong TY, Chen KC, Tsai ST, Fang SY, Wu JL, Wu YH, Hsueh WT, Yen CJ, Wu SY, Chang JY, Lin CL, Wang YH, Weng YL, Yang HC, Chen YS, Chang JS. Investigating the Association between Alcohol and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer in Taiwan. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9701. [PMID: 28851901 PMCID: PMC5574999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although alcohol is an established risk factor of head and neck cancer (HNC), insufficiencies exist in the literature in several aspects. We analyzed detailed alcohol consumption data (amount and type of alcoholic beverage) of 811 HNC patients and 940 controls to evaluate the association between alcohol and HNC by HNC sites and by genotypes of ADH1B and ALDH2. Alcohol was associated with an increased HNC risk in a dose-response relationship, with the highest risk observed for hypopharyngeal cancer, followed by oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancers. Liquor showed a stronger positive association with HNC than beer and wine. The highest HNC risk occurred in individuals with the slow ADH1B and slow/non-functional ALDH2 genotype combination. In our study population, 21.8% of HNCs, 55.7% of oropharyngeal cancers, and 89.1% of hypopharyngeal cancers could be attributed to alcohol. Alcohol accounted for 47.3% of HNCs among individuals with the slow ADH1B and slow/non-functional ALDH2 genotype combination. The HNC risk associated with alcohol became comparable to that of never/occasional drinkers after ten or more years of cessation from regular alcohol drinking. In conclusion, alcohol use is associated with an increased HNC risk, particularly for individuals with slow ethanol metabolism. HNC incidence may be reduced by alcohol cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chih Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chou Lee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Ou
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Chi Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jehn-Shyun Huang
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yiu Wong
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Chung Chen
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Tien Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Sheen-Yie Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hua Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Hsueh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yin Wu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lin Lin
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Wang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Weng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chien Yang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey S Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan.
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Alcohol intake and the risk of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in Japanese populations: a dose-response meta-analysis of case-control studies. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:2517-2524. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Newman IM, Ding L, Shell DF, Lin L. How Social Reactions to Alcohol-Related Facial Flushing Are Affected by Gender, Relationship, and Drinking Purposes: Implications for Education to Reduce Aerodigestive Cancer Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E622. [PMID: 28598388 PMCID: PMC5486308 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-related facial flushing is a sign of compromised alcohol metabolism and increased risk of certain cancers. This project examined how facial flushing might be used to reduce alcohol use to lower cancer risks. Interviews with Chinese university students identified gender, friendship, and drinking purpose as important variables related to whether someone would encourage a person who flushes when drinking alcohol to stop or reduce their drinking. A questionnaire was developed that incorporated these variables into 24 drinking scenarios in which someone flushed while drinking. Students responded whether they would (a) encourage the flusher to stop or drink less; (b) do nothing while wishing they could; or (c) do nothing because there was no need. Analysis of survey responses from 2912 university students showed a three-way interaction of the variables and implied that the probability students will intervene when a drinker flushes was highest when the flusher was a female, a close friend, and the drinking purpose was for fun and lowest if the flusher was a male, the friendship was general, and the drinking purpose was risky. The results provide important details about the social factors affecting how other people respond to a person who flushes when drinking alcohol. This information is useful for those considering ways to reduce and prevent aerodigestive cancers through education and information programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Newman
- Nebraska Prevention Center for Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Lanyan Ding
- Nebraska Prevention Center for Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Duane F Shell
- Nebraska Prevention Center for Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Lida Lin
- Department of Psychology in Education, School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Purdon PL, Millan H, Fuller PL, Bonmassar G. An open-source hardware and software system for acquisition and real-time processing of electrophysiology during high field MRI. J Neurosci Methods 2008; 175:165-86. [PMID: 18761038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous recording of electrophysiology and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a technique of growing importance in neuroscience. Rapidly evolving clinical and scientific requirements have created a need for hardware and software that can be customized for specific applications. Hardware may require customization to enable a variety of recording types (e.g., electroencephalogram, local field potentials, or multi-unit activity) while meeting the stringent and costly requirements of MRI safety and compatibility. Real-time signal processing tools are an enabling technology for studies of learning, attention, sleep, epilepsy, neurofeedback, and neuropharmacology, yet real-time signal processing tools are difficult to develop. We describe an open-source system for simultaneous electrophysiology and fMRI featuring low-noise (<0.6microV p-p input noise), electromagnetic compatibility for MRI (tested up to 7T), and user-programmable real-time signal processing. The hardware distribution provides the complete specifications required to build an MRI-compatible electrophysiological data acquisition system, including circuit schematics, print circuit board (PCB) layouts, Gerber files for PCB fabrication and robotic assembly, a bill of materials with part numbers, data sheets, and vendor information, and test procedures. The software facilitates rapid implementation of real-time signal processing algorithms. This system has been used in human EEG/fMRI studies at 3 and 7T examining the auditory system, visual system, sleep physiology, and anesthesia, as well as in intracranial electrophysiological studies of the non-human primate visual system during 3T fMRI, and in human hyperbaric physiology studies at depths of up to 300 feet below sea level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Purdon
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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